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Souza ML, Andrade FGDE, Fonteles MRDEV, Costa FWR, Saporetti Junior AW, Silva IHCVDA, Maia RC. Leaf trait divergence between Azadirachta indica (exotic) and native species of the northern Brazilian coast. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2025; 97:e20240960. [PMID: 40243807 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202520240960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
The introduction of exotic plants can pose ecological threats as they may become invasive. We investigated leaf traits potentially linked to competitive advantage and invasiveness in Azadirachta indica, a widely used exotic tree in northeastern Brazil's urban forestry, compared to native species Ouratea fieldingiana and Myrcia multiflora. We tested the limiting similarity hypothesis, evaluating how leaf characteristics influence the ecological responses of these species and A. indica's potential invasiveness. A. indica exhibited larger leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf area ratio (LAR) compared to native species, but lower specific petiole length (SPL) and specific internode length (SIL). Additionally, A. indica displayed greater phenotypic variation in these traits. The larger leaf area, SLA, and LAR suggest a strategy in A. indica favoring rapid carbon gain through increased growth. The higher phenotypic variation observed may facilitate adaptation to new habitats, potentially enhancing its competitive ability and invasiveness. These findings highlight distinct functional strategies between exotic and native species, raising concerns regarding the potential invasiveness of A. indica in northeastern Brazil's natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus L Souza
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Grupo de Estudos em Biodiversidade-GEB, Campus Uruçuí, Rodovia PI 247, KM 7, Portal dos Cerrados, 64680-000 Uruçuí, PI, Brazil
| | - Francisca Gilvânia DE Andrade
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal - LABEV, Campus Acaraú, Av. Des. Armando de Souza Louzada, s/n, Sítio - Buriti, 62580-000 Acaraú, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina DE V Fonteles
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal - LABEV, Campus Acaraú, Av. Des. Armando de Souza Louzada, s/n, Sítio - Buriti, 62580-000 Acaraú, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca W R Costa
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal - LABEV, Campus Acaraú, Av. Des. Armando de Souza Louzada, s/n, Sítio - Buriti, 62580-000 Acaraú, CE, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Walter Saporetti Junior
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais - IFSULDEMINAS, Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Av. Maria da Conceição Santos, 900, Parque Real, 37550-000 Pouso Alegre, MG, Brazil
| | - Ingrid H C Vaz DA Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal - LABEV, Campus Acaraú, Av. Des. Armando de Souza Louzada, s/n, Sítio - Buriti, 62580-000 Acaraú, CE, Brazil
| | - Rafaela C Maia
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Laboratório de Ecologia de Manguezais (Ecomangue), Campus Acaraú, Av. Des. Armando de Souza Louzada, s/n, Sítio - Buriti, 62580-000 Acaraú, CE, Brazil
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Montaldi A, Iamonico D, Del Vico E, Valeri S, Lasinio GJ, Capotorti G. Green infrastructure design for the containment of biological invasions. Insights from a peri-urban case study in Rome, Italy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121555. [PMID: 38924891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Secondary shrublands and transitional woodland/shrub formations are recognised to be particularly susceptible to plant invasions, one of the main global threats to biodiversity, especially in dynamic peri-urban landscapes. Urban fringes are in fact often the place for the sprawl of artificial surfaces, fragmentation of habitats, and complex land transitions (including both agriculture intensification and abandonment), which in turn increase propagule pressure of exotic species over residual semi-natural ecosystems. Within this framework, the present study was aimed at analysing i) how landscape composition and configuration affect the richness of woody exotic species in shrubland and transitional woodland/shrub patches, and ii) how this threat can be addressed by means of green infrastructure design in a peri-urban case study (Metropolitan City of Rome, Italy). Accordingly, the occurrence of exotic plants was recorded with field surveys and then integrated with landscape analyses, both at patch level and over a 250 m buffer area around each patch. Thus, the effect of landscape features on exotic plant richness was investigated with Generalised Linear Models, and the best model identified (pseudo R-square = 0.62) for inferring invasibility of shrublands throughout the study area. Finally, a Green Infrastructure (GI) to contain biological invasion was planned, based on inferred priority sites for intervention and respective, site-tailored, actions. The latter included not only the removal of invasive woody alien plants, but also reforestation and planting of native trees for containment of dispersal and subsequent establishment. Even though specifically developed for the study site, and consistent with local government needs, the proposed approach represents a pilot planning process that might be applied to other peri-urban regions for the combined containment of biological invasions and sustainable development of peripheral complex landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Montaldi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Duilio Iamonico
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Del Vico
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Valeri
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Jona Lasinio
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Statistical Sciences, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Capotorti
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Zhang B, Hastings A, Grosholz ED, Zhai L. The comparison of dispersal rate between invasive and native species varied by plant life form and functional traits. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:73. [PMID: 37924137 PMCID: PMC10623791 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
A long dispersal distance is widely used to indicate high invasiveness, but it ignores the temporal dimensions of plant invasion. Faster dispersal rates (= distance/time) of invasive species than native ones have been widely used in modeling species invasion and planning control management. However, the comparison of dispersal rate between invasive and native plants, particularly for dispersal on a local or landscape scale, has not been tested with a comprehensive dataset. Moreover, both the effects of plant functional traits on the dispersal rate and variation in the functional-trait effects between invasive and native plants remain elusive. Compiling studies from 30 countries globally, we compared seed dispersal rates (km/year) on a local or landscape scale between 64 observations of invasive and 78 observations of native plants given effects of plant life forms, disturbance levels, and measurement methods. Furthermore, we compared the effects of functional traits on dispersal rate between invasive and native species. We found that: (1) Trait values were similar between the invasive and native plants except for the greater height of woody native plants than woody invasive ones; (2) Compared within the same plant life form, the faster dispersal rates of invasive species were found in herbaceous plants, not in woody plants, and disturbance level and measurement methods did not affect the rate comparison; (3) Plant height and seed length had significant effects on dispersal rates of both invasive and native plants, but the effect of leaf dry matter content (LDMC) was only significant on herbaceous invasive plants. The comparison of dispersal rate between invasive and native plants varied by plant life form. The convergent values but divergent dispersal effects of plant traits between invasive and native species suggest that the trait effects on invasiveness could be better understood by trait association with key factors in invasiveness, e.g., dispersal rate, than the direct trait comparison between invasive and native plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Alan Hastings
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Edwin D Grosholz
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lu Zhai
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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4
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Young AC, Katzner TE, Shinneman DJ, Johnson TN. Implications of tree expansion in shrubland ecosystems for two generalist avian predators. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286478. [PMID: 37267264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrublands globally have undergone structural changes due to plant invasions, including the expansion of native trees. Removal of native conifer trees, especially juniper (Juniperus spp.), is occurring across the Great Basin of the western U.S. to support declining sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats and associated wildlife species, such as greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). One justification for conifer removal is that it may improve survival of sagebrush-associated wildlife by reducing the abundance of avian predators. However, the relationship between conifer expansion and predator distributions has not been explicitly evaluated. Further, although structural characteristics of habitat are important for generalist predators, overall prey abundance may also affect habitat use by predators. We examined habitat use of common ravens (Corvus corax) and red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), two generalist predators whose populations are increasing in western North America, to variation in structural characteristics and prey distributions in sagebrush habitat that has experienced conifer expansion. Structural characteristics of habitat were important predictors of habitat use for both ravens and red-tailed hawks, whereas measures of prey abundance were unimportant for both species likely because generalist predators can use a wide variety of food resources. Ravens, but not red-tailed hawks, responded positively to increasing cover of juniper and the probability of habitat use was highest (> 0.95) where juniper cover within 100 m was > 20%. Habitat use by red-tailed hawks, but not ravens, was greater near cliffs but was not associated with juniper cover. Our study suggests that the removal of conifer in similar environments may lower the probability of habitat use for ravens, a common predator with significant impacts on many prey species. Therefore, we suggest conifer removal may improve sage-grouse reproductive success and survival depending on responses to conifer removal from other predators. Our results may be reflective of similar changes in rangeland ecosystems around the world undergoing expansion of conifer and other woody vegetation. Though species identities differ from sagebrush habitats, generalist avian predators in other habitats may have similar relationships with structural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Young
- Department of Fish & Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - T E Katzner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - D J Shinneman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - T N Johnson
- Department of Fish & Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Boise, Idaho, United States of America
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Li X, Zhang Y, Kong FL, Naz M, Zhou JY, Qi SS, Dai ZC, Du DL. Invasive Plant Alternanthera philoxeroides Benefits More Competition Advantage from Rhizosphere Bacteria Regardless of the Host Source. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112085. [PMID: 37299065 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere plays a vital role in the exchange of materials in the soil-plant ecosystem, and rhizosphere microorganisms are crucial for plant growth and development. In this study, we isolated two strains of Pantoea rhizosphere bacteria separately from invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and native A. sessilis. We conducted a control experiment to test the effects of these bacteria on the growth and competition of the two plant species using sterile seedlings. Our findings showed that the rhizobacteria strain isolated from A. sessilis significantly promoted the growth of invasive A. philoxeroides in monoculture compared to native A. sessilis. Both strains significantly enhanced the growth and competitiveness of invasive A. philoxeroides under competition conditions, regardless of their host source. Our study suggests that rhizosphere bacteria, including those from different host sources, can contribute to the invasion of A. philoxeroides by significantly enhancing its competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fang-Li Kong
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shan-Shan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Dai
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Dao-Lin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Moyano J, Zamora-Nasca LB, Caplat P, García-Díaz P, Langdon B, Lambin X, Montti L, Pauchard A, Nuñez MA. Predicting the impact of invasive trees from different measures of abundance. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116480. [PMID: 36306626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions produce negative impacts worldwide, causing massive economic costs and ecological impacts. Knowing the relationship between invasive species abundance and the magnitude of their impacts (abundance-impact curves) is critical to designing prevention and management strategies that effectively tackle these impacts. However, different measures of abundance may produce different abundance-impact curves. Woody plants are among the most transformative invaders, especially in grassland ecosystems because of the introduction of hitherto absent life forms. In this study, our first goal was to assess the impact of a woody invader, Pinus contorta (hereafter pine), on native grassland productivity and livestock grazing in Patagonia (Argentina), building abundance-impact curves. Our second goal, was to compare different measure of pine abundance (density, basal area and canopy cover) as predictors of pine's impact on grassland productivity. Our third goal, was to compare abundance-impact curves among the mentioned measures of pine abundance and among different measures of impact: total grassland productivity, palatable productivity and sheep stocking rate (the number of sheep that the grassland can sustainably support). Pine canopy cover, closely followed by basal area, was the measure of abundance that best explained the impact on grassland productivity, but the shape of abundance impact curves differed between measures of abundance. While increases in pine density and basal area always reduced grassland productivity, pine canopy cover below 30% slightly increased grassland productivity and higher values caused an exponential decline. This increase in grassland productivity with low levels of pine canopy cover could be explained by the amelioration of stressful abiotic conditions for grassland species. Different measures of impact, namely total productivity, palatable productivity and sheep stocking rate, drew very similar results. Our abundance-impact curves are key to guide the management of invasive pines because a proper assessment of how many invasive individuals (per surface unit) are unacceptable, according to environmental or economic impact thresholds, is fundamental to define when to start management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Moyano
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, CP, 8400, Argentina.
| | - Lucia B Zamora-Nasca
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, CP, 8400, Argentina
| | - Paul Caplat
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Pablo García-Díaz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Bárbara Langdon
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB). Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria, 631, Concepción, Chile; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Xavier Lambin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Lía Montti
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (UNT-CONICET) Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC-CONICET), Instituto de Geología de Costas-CIC, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB). Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria, 631, Concepción, Chile; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin A Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, CP, 8400, Argentina; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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Bellingham PJ, Arnst EA, Clarkson BD, Etherington TR, Forester LJ, Shaw WB, Sprague R, Wiser SK, Peltzer DA. The right tree in the right place? A major economic tree species poses major ecological threats. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTree species in the Pinaceae are some of the most widely introduced non-native tree species globally, especially in the southern hemisphere. In New Zealand, plantations of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) occupy c. 1.6 million ha and form 90% of planted forests. Although radiata pine has naturalized since 1904, there is a general view in New Zealand that this species has not invaded widely. We comprehensively review where radiata pine has invaded throughout New Zealand. We used a combination of observational data and climate niche modelling to reveal that invasion has occurred nationally. Climate niche modelling demonstrates that while current occurrences are patchy, up to 76% of the land area (i.e. 211,388 km2) is climatically capable of supporting populations. Radiata pine has mainly invaded grasslands and shrublands, but also some forests. Notably, it has invaded lower-statured vegetation, including three classes of naturally uncommon ecosystems, primary successions and secondary successions. Overall, our findings demonstrate pervasive and ongoing invasion of radiata pine outside plantations. The relatively high growth rates and per individual effects of radiata pine may result in strong effects on naturally uncommon ecosystems and may alter successional trajectories. Local and central government currently manage radiata pine invasions while propagule pressure from existing and new plantations grows, hence greater emphasis is warranted both on managing current invasions and proactively preventing future radiata pine invasions. We therefore recommend a levy on new non-native conifer plantations to offset costs of managing invasions, and stricter regulations to protect vulnerable ecosystems. A levy on economic uses of invasive species to offset costs of managing invasions alongside stricter regulations to protect vulnerable ecosystems could be a widely adopted measure to avert future negative impacts.
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Policelli N, Horton TR, Kitzberger T, Nuñez MA. Invasive ectomycorrhizal fungi can disperse in the absence of their known vectors. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Policelli N, Vietorisz C, Bhatnagar JM, Nuñez MA. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Invasions in Southern South America. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12994-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Potgieter LJ, Shrestha N, Cadotte MW. Prioritizing terrestrial invasive alien plant species for management in urban ecosystems. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Potgieter
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
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Miralha L, Muenich RL, Schaffer-Smith D, Myint SW. Spatiotemporal land use change and environmental degradation surrounding CAFOs in Michigan and North Carolina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149391. [PMID: 34392208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) have arisen and expanded in the U.S. and globally to address efficiencies in livestock production. CAFOs tend to cluster in space for logistical purposes. Efficient distribution of concentrated manures produced by these operations is often not economically feasible, which may lead to accumulation on land near CAFOs, potentially resulting in local environmental changes. Moreover, as CAFOs are established or expand, they may need more lands to apply their manures, likely driving land use changes even after their establishment. Studies have yet to investigate these spatiotemporal impacts of CAFOs. We investigated whether the presence of regulated liquid waste CAFOs is associated with land use change over time and space as well as degraded environmental conditions surrounding those facilities. We used MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) images from 2000 to 2018 to examine these questions in Michigan and North Carolina- states with varied CAFO establishment histories. We found that cropland extent increased while savanna and forest decreased near CAFOs. Similar observations did not occur outside of areas influenced by CAFOs. We also found evidence of environmental degradation, including decreased evapotranspiration and increased day and nighttime land surface temperatures in North Carolina. This study advances our understanding of environmental impacts surrounding CAFOs. Our findings can support policy changes and highlight the need to better understand these globally increasing entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrayne Miralha
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S. College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Rebecca L Muenich
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S. College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
| | - Danica Schaffer-Smith
- Center for Biodiversity Outcomes, Arizona State University, Life Sciences Center A Wing, 451 E Tyler Mall Room 351, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; The Nature Conservancy North Carolina, 334 Blackwell Street, Suite 300, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Soe W Myint
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Terzi M, Fontaneto D, Casella F. Effects of Ailanthus altissima Invasion and Removal on High-Biodiversity Mediterranean Grasslands. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 68:914-927. [PMID: 34480609 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ailanthus altissima is one of the worst invasive plants in Europe in several habitat types, including high-biodiversity grasslands. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of the invasive A. altissima on high-biodiversity grassland vegetation and the effects of its removal on the recovery of native plant communities. The study area was within the Alta Murgia National Park (SE Italy). Seventeen vegetation quadrats were sampled in invaded grasslands and nine quadrats were sampled in nearby uninvaded areas. A. altissima was removed from six quadrats, which were sampled for two years after plant removal. Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination were used to identify and visualize the general vegetation pattern. Generalised Linear Models with different error structures were used to analyse the effects of A. altissima on native grasslands and vegetation recovery after removal. Results showed that the invasion of A. altissima changed drastically the community composition, reduced plant richness and diversity. Invaded stands had a greater presence of ruderal and widely distributed taxa, as opposed to a lesser presence of endemic and Mediterranean ones. The differences in the community composition between invaded and uninvaded quadrats became clearly detectable when A. altissima plants exceeded a threshold of 1 m of height and 50% of coverage. After A. altissima removal, the recovery of the grassland community was not completely achieved after two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Terzi
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, National Research Council, Bari, Italy.
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy
| | - Francesca Casella
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
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13
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Pine invasion drives loss of soil fungal diversity. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Low biotic resistance to cheatgrass invasion in Patagonia: evidence from competition experiments. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Ramírez-Albores JE, Richardson DM, Stefenon VM, Bizama GA, Pérez-Suárez M, Badano EI. A global assessment of the potential distribution of naturalized and planted populations of the ornamental alien tree Schinus molle. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.68.68572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Peruvian Peppertree (Schinus molle L.) is an evergreen tree native to semiarid environments of Peru and Bolivia in South America. This tree has been introduced and widely planted for ornamental and forestry purposes in several semiarid regions of the world because its seedlings are easily established and have a high survival rate; it also grows quickly, and it is tolerant of dry climates. We compared the global and regional niches of naturalized and planted populations of S. molle in order to examine the invasive stages and potential distribution of this species in four regions of the world. This work provides a novel approach for understanding the invasion dynamics of S. molle in these areas and elucidates the ecological processes that bring about such invasions. Most naturalized and planted populations were found to be in equilibrium with the environment. In its native range as well as in Australia and South Africa the models of the coverage area of habitat suitability for natural populations were the highest, whereas the coverage area of planted populations was lower. For planted populations in Australia and South Africa, a large percentage of predicted presences fell within sink populations. The invasion stages of S. molle vary across regions in its adventive range; this result may be attributable to residence time as well as climatic and anthropic factors that have contributed to the spread of populations.
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Arasumani M, Singh A, Bunyan M, Robin VV. Testing the efficacy of hyperspectral (AVIRIS-NG), multispectral (Sentinel-2) and radar (Sentinel-1) remote sensing images to detect native and invasive non-native trees. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
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Soil-litter ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) community response to reforested lands of Gishwati tropical montane forest, northern-western part of Rwanda. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467421000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecently, human activities have impacted biodiversity-rich forest in western Rwanda, creating a need to enhance restoration activities of degraded lands in the region. To evaluate the effects of reforestation activities on the community composition of soil-litter ants, research was conducted in Gishwati tropical montane forest, located in northern-western part of Rwanda. The ant fauna was studied in reforested lands dominated by regenerated native species and exotic tree species. Further, a primary forest made of native trees served as a reference. In each forest type, nine sampling points were used to sample ants. Ant specimens were collected using pitfalls, hand sampling and Winkler extractor. They were identified to subfamilies, genus and species levels using dichotomous keys, and also statistically analysed for species richness, diversity, evenness and community composition. We collected a total of 2,481 individuals from 5 subfamilies, 18 genera and 35 species. Higher abundance, diversity and species richness were found in soil-litter under natural primary and secondary forests dominated by regenerated native plant species compared to exotic tree forest. The ant community composition analysis indicated higher similarities in ant species sampled under primary native forest and secondary forest dominated by regenerated native species. Reforestation by regenerating native species may be given priority in restoration of degraded lands due to their importance in species richness and species diversity.
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Lehmann CER, Solofondranohatra CL, Vorontsova MS. Beyond ancient versus anthropogenic for Madagascar's grassy ecosystems. A Reply to: Crowley et al. (2021). Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210388. [PMID: 33978522 PMCID: PMC8115201 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E. R. Lehmann
- Tropical Diversity, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cédrique L. Solofondranohatra
- Laboratoire de Botanique, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Ambodivoanjo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Zinnert JC, Nippert JB, Rudgers JA, Pennings SC, González G, Alber M, Baer SG, Blair JM, Burd A, Collins SL, Craft C, Di Iorio D, Dodds WK, Groffman PM, Herbert E, Hladik C, Li F, Litvak ME, Newsome S, O’Donnell J, Pockman WT, Schalles J, Young DR. State changes: insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie C. Zinnert
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University 1000 West Cary Street Richmond Virginia23284USA
| | - Jesse B. Nippert
- Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas66506USA
| | - Jennifer A. Rudgers
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico87131USA
| | - Steven C. Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston Texas77204USA
| | - Grizelle González
- International Institute of Tropical Forestry United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Jardín Botánico Sur, 1201 Ceiba St.‐Río Piedras San Juan00926Puerto Rico
| | - Merryl Alber
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens Georgia30602USA
| | - Sara G. Baer
- Kansas Biological Survey and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas66047USA
| | - John M. Blair
- Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas66506USA
| | - Adrian Burd
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens Georgia30602USA
| | - Scott L. Collins
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico87131USA
| | - Christopher Craft
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University Bloomington Indiana47405USA
| | - Daniela Di Iorio
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens Georgia30602USA
| | - Walter K. Dodds
- Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas66506USA
| | - Peter M. Groffman
- City University of New York Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center New York New York10031USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York12545USA
| | | | - Christine Hladik
- Department of Geology and Geography Georgia Southern University Statesboro Georgia30460USA
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston Texas77204USA
| | - Marcy E. Litvak
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico87131USA
| | - Seth Newsome
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico87131USA
| | - John O’Donnell
- Department of Biology Creighton University Omaha Nebraska68178USA
| | - William T. Pockman
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico87131USA
| | - John Schalles
- Department of Biology Creighton University Omaha Nebraska68178USA
| | - Donald R. Young
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University 1000 West Cary Street Richmond Virginia23284USA
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20
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Chapman SK, Feller IC, Canas G, Hayes MA, Dix N, Hester M, Morris J, Langley JA. Mangrove growth response to experimental warming is greatest near the range limit in northeast Florida. Ecology 2021; 102:e03320. [PMID: 33665838 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Shrubs are invading into grasslands around the world, but we don't yet know how these shrubs will fare in a warmer future. In ecotonal coastal wetland ecosystems, woody mangroves are encroaching into herbaceous salt marshes owing to changes in temperature, precipitation, and sediment dynamics. Increasing mangrove biomass in wetlands often increases carbon storage, which is high in these productive ecosystems, but little is known about how mangrove growth will change in response to warming. To address this knowledge gap, we deployed warming experiments at three coastal wetland sites along a latitudinal gradient in northeast Florida where Avicennia germinans, black mangroves, are encroaching into salt marshes. We achieved air temperature warming (+1.6°C during the day) at all three sites and measured stem elongation, canopy height and area changes, and leaf and node number. After 2 yr of warming, we found that mangrove growth rate in height increased due to warming. Warming increased stem elongation by 130% over unwarmed control plots after 1 yr at the northern site. Mangrove growth in canopy area did not respond to warming. Site differences in growth rate were pronounced, and mangrove growth in both height and area were lowest at the northern site, despite greater impacts of warming at that site. We also found that area-based relative growth rate was five times higher across all treatments than height-based relative growth rate, indicating that mangroves are growing wider rather than taller in these ecotonal environments. Our findings indicate that the growth effect of experimental warming depends on site characteristics and growth parameter measured. We also propose that differential mangrove growth across the three sites may be driven by biotic factors such as the identity of the salt marsh species into which mangroves are encroaching. Our results suggest that, as seen in other ecosystems, wetland plants may respond most strongly to warming at their poleward range edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Chapman
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, 19085, USA
| | - Ilka C Feller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
| | - Gabriela Canas
- Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra, Florida, 32082, USA
| | - Matthew A Hayes
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, 19085, USA.,Australian Rivers Institute - Coast & Estuaries, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Nicole Dix
- Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra, Florida, 32082, USA
| | - Mark Hester
- University of Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, 70504, USA
| | - Jim Morris
- Baruch Institute for Marine & Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - J Adam Langley
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, 19085, USA
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Miashike RL, Kortz AR, Zarate do Couto HT, Pivello VR. Can demographic rates of early development stages justify invasion success among three pine species in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot? AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roseli Lika Miashike
- LEPaC Ecology Department‐IB Universidade de São Paulo Rua do Matão, Travessa 14 São Paulo SPCEP 05508‐090Brazil
| | - Alessandra Rocha Kortz
- LEPaC Ecology Department‐IB Universidade de São Paulo Rua do Matão, Travessa 14 São Paulo SPCEP 05508‐090Brazil
| | | | - Vania Regina Pivello
- LEPaC Ecology Department‐IB Universidade de São Paulo Rua do Matão, Travessa 14 São Paulo SPCEP 05508‐090Brazil
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Causes and consequences of Cedrela odorata invasion in West African semi-deciduous tropical forests. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Brundu G, Pauchard A, Pyšek P, Pergl J, Bindewald AM, Brunori A, Canavan S, Campagnaro T, Celesti-Grapow L, Dechoum MDS, Dufour-Dror JM, Essl F, Flory SL, Genovesi P, Guarino F, Guangzhe L, Hulme PE, Jäger H, Kettle CJ, Krumm F, Langdon B, Lapin K, Lozano V, Le Roux JJ, Novoa A, Nuñez MA, Porté AJ, Silva JS, Schaffner U, Sitzia T, Tanner R, Tshidada N, Vítková M, Westergren M, Wilson JRU, Richardson DM. Global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees to prevent tree invasions and mitigate their negative impacts. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.61.58380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sustainably managed non-native trees deliver economic and societal benefits with limited risk of spread to adjoining areas. However, some plantations have launched invasions that cause substantial damage to biodiversity and ecosystem services, while others pose substantial threats of causing such impacts. The challenge is to maximise the benefits of non-native trees, while minimising negative impacts and preserving future benefits and options.
A workshop was held in 2019 to develop global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees, using the Council of Europe – Bern Convention Code of Conduct on Invasive Alien Trees as a starting point.
The global guidelines consist of eight recommendations: 1) Use native trees, or non-invasive non-native trees, in preference to invasive non-native trees; 2) Be aware of and comply with international, national, and regional regulations concerning non-native trees; 3) Be aware of the risk of invasion and consider global change trends; 4) Design and adopt tailored practices for plantation site selection and silvicultural management; 5) Promote and implement early detection and rapid response programmes; 6) Design and adopt tailored practices for invasive non-native tree control, habitat restoration, and for dealing with highly modified ecosystems; 7) Engage with stakeholders on the risks posed by invasive non-native trees, the impacts caused, and the options for management; and 8) Develop and support global networks, collaborative research, and information sharing on native and non-native trees.
The global guidelines are a first step towards building global consensus on the precautions that should be taken when introducing and planting non-native trees. They are voluntary and are intended to complement statutory requirements under international and national legislation. The application of the global guidelines and the achievement of their goals will help to conserve forest biodiversity, ensure sustainable forestry, and contribute to the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations linked with forest biodiversity.
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Milani T, Jobbágy EG, Nuñez MA, Ferrero ME, Baldi G, Teste FP. Stealth invasions on the rise: rapid long-distance establishment of exotic pines in mountain grasslands of Argentina. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vlk L, Tedersoo L, Antl T, Větrovský T, Abarenkov K, Pergl J, Albrechtová J, Vosátka M, Baldrian P, Pyšek P, Kohout P. Alien ectomycorrhizal plants differ in their ability to interact with co-introduced and native ectomycorrhizal fungi in novel sites. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2336-2346. [PMID: 32499492 PMCID: PMC7608243 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alien plants represent a potential threat to environment and society. Understanding the process of alien plants naturalization is therefore of primary importance. In alien plants, successful establishment can be constrained by the absence of suitable fungal partners. Here, we used 42 independent datasets of ectomycorrhizal fungal (EcMF) communities associated with alien Pinaceae and Eucalyptus spp., as the most commonly introduced tree species worldwide, to explore the strategies these plant groups utilize to establish symbioses with EcMF in the areas of introduction. We have also determined the differences in composition of EcMF communities associated with alien ectomycorrhizal plants in different regions. While alien Pinaceae introduced to new regions rely upon association with co-introduced EcMF, alien Eucalyptus often form novel interactions with EcMF species native to the region where the plant was introduced. The region of origin primarily determines species composition of EcMF communities associated with alien Pinaceae in new areas, which may largely affect invasion potential of the alien plants. Our study shows that alien ectomycorrhizal plants largely differ in their ability to interact with co-introduced and native ectomycorrhizal fungi in sites of introduction, which may potentially affect their invasive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Vlk
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tomáš Antl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Větrovský
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kessy Abarenkov
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Albrechtová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic.
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van der Sande MT, Bruelheide H, Dawson W, Dengler J, Essl F, Field R, Haider S, van Kleunen M, Kreft H, Pagel J, Pergl J, Purschke O, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, Winter M, Attorre F, Aubin I, Bergmeier E, Chytrý M, Dainese M, De Sanctis M, Fagundez J, Golub V, Guerin GR, Gutiérrez AG, Jandt U, Jansen F, Jiménez‐Alfaro B, Kattge J, Kearsley E, Klotz S, Kramer K, Moretti M, Niinemets Ü, Peet RK, Penuelas J, Petřík P, Reich PB, Sandel B, Schmidt M, Sibikova M, Violle C, Whitfeld TJS, Wohlgemuth T, Knight TM. Similar factors underlie tree abundance in forests in native and alien ranges. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY : A JOURNAL OF MACROECOLOGY 2020; 29:281-294. [PMID: 32063745 PMCID: PMC7006795 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Alien plant species can cause severe ecological and economic problems, and therefore attract a lot of research interest in biogeography and related fields. To identify potential future invasive species, we need to better understand the mechanisms underlying the abundances of invasive tree species in their new ranges, and whether these mechanisms differ between their native and alien ranges. Here, we test two hypotheses: that greater relative abundance is promoted by (a) functional difference from locally co-occurring trees, and (b) higher values than locally co-occurring trees for traits linked to competitive ability. LOCATION Global. TIME PERIOD Recent. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED Trees. METHODS We combined three global plant databases: sPlot vegetation-plot database, TRY plant trait database and Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database. We used a hierarchical Bayesian linear regression model to assess the factors associated with variation in local abundance, and how these relationships vary between native and alien ranges and depend on species' traits. RESULTS In both ranges, species reach highest abundance if they are functionally similar to co-occurring species, yet are taller and have higher seed mass and wood density than co-occurring species. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that light limitation leads to strong environmental and biotic filtering, and that it is advantageous to be taller and have denser wood. The striking similarities in abundance between native and alien ranges imply that information from tree species' native ranges can be used to predict in which habitats introduced species may become dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha T. van der Sande
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFlorida
- Institute for Biodiversity & Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergInstitute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUnited Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Vegetation EcologyInstitute of Environment and Natural Resources (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW)Switzerland
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Richard Field
- School of GeographyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergInstitute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Joern Pagel
- Landscape & Plant EcologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Oliver Purschke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergInstitute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of EcologyCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Fabio Attorre
- Department of Environmental BiologyUniversity Sapienza of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Isabelle Aubin
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaSault Ste MarieOntarioCanada
| | - Erwin Bergmeier
- Vegetation & Phytodiversity AnalysisUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and ZoologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Matteo Dainese
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEURAC ResearchBolzanoItaly
| | | | - Jaime Fagundez
- Faculty of Science, Department of BiologyUniversity of A CoruñaCoruñaSpain
| | - Valentin Golub
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga River BasinRussian Academy of SciencesTolyattiRussia
| | - Greg R. Guerin
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, School of Biological SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Alvaro G. Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias AgronómicasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergInstitute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Florian Jansen
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental ScienceUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | | | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Max Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab)Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Stefan Klotz
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Koen Kramer
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra)Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Moretti
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation BiologyBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant BiologyEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
- Estonian Academy of SciencesTallinnEstonia
| | - Robert K. Peet
- Department of BiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UABBarcelonaSpain
- CREAFBarcelonaSpain
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest ResourcesUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrith South DCNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Brody Sandel
- Department of BiologySanta Clara UniversitySanta ClaraCalifornia
| | - Marco Schmidt
- Data and Modelling CentreSenckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F)Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Scientific ServicePalmengarten der Stadt FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Maria Sibikova
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (UMR 5175)CNRS, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Univ MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Thomas Wohlgemuth
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Tiffany M. Knight
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergInstitute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenHalle (Saale)Germany
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Sriramamurthy RT, Bhalla RS, Sankaran M. Fire differentially affects mortality and seedling regeneration of three woody invaders in forest–grassland mosaics of the southern Western Ghats, India. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Morris TL, Barger NN, Cramer MD. Ecophysiological traits of invasive alien Acacia cyclops
compared to co-occuring native species in Strandveld vegetation of the Cape Floristic Region. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taryn L. Morris
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Cape Town; Private Bag X3 Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Nichole N. Barger
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Michael D. Cramer
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Cape Town; Private Bag X3 Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
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Rundel PW. A Neogene Heritage: Conifer Distributions and Endemism in Mediterranean-Climate Ecosystems. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Redmond MD, Morris TL, Cramer MC. The cost of standing tall: wood nutrients associated with tree invasions in nutrient‐poor fynbos soils of South Africa. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda D. Redmond
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Taryn L. Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Private Bag X1 Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Michael C. Cramer
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Private Bag X1 Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
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Zamora-Nasca LB, Relva MA, Núñez MA. Ungulate browsing on introduced pines differs between plant communities: Implications for invasion process and management. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía B. Zamora-Nasca
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente; CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Quintral 1250 8400 Río Negro Argentina
| | - M. Andrea Relva
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente; CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Quintral 1250 8400 Río Negro Argentina
| | - Martín A. Núñez
- Grupo Ecología de Invasiones; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente; CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
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Avolio ML, Forrestel EJ, Chang CC, La Pierre KJ, Burghardt KT, Smith MD. Demystifying dominant species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1106-1126. [PMID: 30868589 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The pattern of a few abundant species and many rarer species is a defining characteristic of communities worldwide. These abundant species are often referred to as dominant species. Yet, despite their importance, the term dominant species is poorly defined and often used to convey different information by different authors. Based on a review of historical and contemporary definitions we develop a synthetic definition of dominant species. This definition incorporates the relative local abundance of a species, its ubiquity across the landscape, and its impact on community and ecosystem properties. A meta-analysis of removal studies shows that the loss of species identified as dominant by authors can significantly impact ecosystem functioning and community structure. We recommend two metrics that can be used jointly to identify dominant species in a given community and provide a roadmap for future avenues of research on dominant species. In our review, we make the case that the identity and effects of dominant species on their environments are key to linking patterns of diversity to ecosystem function, including predicting impacts of species loss and other aspects of global change on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Avolio
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
| | - Elisabeth J Forrestel
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Cynthia C Chang
- Division of Biology, University of Washington Bothell, 18807 Beardslee Blvd, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Kimberly J La Pierre
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Karin T Burghardt
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Peralta G, Schon NL, Dickie IA, St John MG, Orwin KH, Yeates GW, Peltzer DA. Contrasting responses of soil nematode communities to native and non-native woody plant expansion. Oecologia 2019; 190:891-899. [PMID: 31273519 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Woody plant expansion into grasslands is widespread, driven by both successions to dominance by native woody species or invasion by non-native woody species. These shifts from grass- to woody-dominated systems also have profound effects on both above- and belowground communities and ecosystem processes. Woody-plant expansion should also alter the functional composition of the soil biota, including that of nematodes, which are major drivers of soil food-web structure and belowground processes, but such belowground impacts are poorly understood. We determined whether succession by a widespread native (Kunzea ericoides) and invasion by a non-native woody species (Pinus nigra) into tussock grasslands affect the composition of nematode functional guilds and the structure of nematode-based food webs. Although increasing dominance by woody species in both systems altered the functional guild composition of the nematode community, we found contrasting responses of nematode functional guilds to the different dominant plant species. Specifically, nematode communities reflected conditions of resource enrichment with increasing K. ericoides tree cover, whereas communities became structurally simplified and dominated by stress-tolerant nematode families with increasing P. nigra tree cover. Because nematodes regulate both bacterial- and fungal-dominated food webs in soils, these shifts could in turn alter multiple ecosystem processes belowground such as nutrient cycling. Incorporating species' functional traits into the assessment of habitat-change impacts on communities can greatly improve our understanding of species responses to environmental changes and their consequences in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Peralta
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | | | - Ian A Dickie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Kate H Orwin
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Langdon B, Pauchard A, Bustamante RO. Acacia dealbata invasion in Chile: Surprises from climatic niche and species distribution models. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:7562-7573. [PMID: 31346422 PMCID: PMC6635919 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Tree invasions are a threat to biodiversity conservation, and although it is hard to predict the future spread of invasive tree species, there are tools available which could allow some estimations. The magnitude of spatial spread (a proxy of invasiveness) can be predicted from species climatic requirement (climatic niche) and can be represented by species distribution models (SDMs). We aimed to assess whether Acacia dealbata conserves its niche in the new environment of south-central Chile, and also, to estimate the invasive stage of the species. LOCATION South-central area of Chile, between the O'Higgins (34°0″0'S) and Aysen Regions (47°0″0'S). METHODS We used a combination of global, native, and regional data to improve the estimation of the potential distribution of A. dealbata, which has been considered one of the most invasive species of the genus, being registered in at least 34 countries in all the Continents. RESULTS Our results show that A. dealbata does not conserve its niche in the study area, invading areas with climatic conditions different from those of the native range. It is also not at equilibrium with the environment. According to the global versus regional SDM comparisons, populations present in south-central Chile present different invasion stages. There are some stable populations, but there are other populations colonizing new areas, occupying unsuitable habitats and some of them are adapting to new climatic conditions. Climatic factors, such as precipitation seasonality, could be acting behind the expansion to new environments, and biotic factors or dispersal limitations could be preventing the species to colonize suitable areas. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The invasion process of A. dealbata is far from stabilizing, and management options should focus on prevention, avoiding, for example, the introduction of the species to Patagonia where the species has not spread yet. More research is needed to complement our results and enhance the development of effective management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Langdon
- Laboratorio de Ecología Geográfica, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Ramiro O. Bustamante
- Laboratorio de Ecología Geográfica, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
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35
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Mazía N, Chaneton EJ, Ghersa CM. Disturbance types, herbaceous composition, and rainfall season determine exotic tree invasion in novel grassland. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Potgieter LJ, Gaertner M, O'Farrell PJ, Richardson DM. Perceptions of impact: Invasive alien plants in the urban environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 229:76-87. [PMID: 29891198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many alien plant species are introduced to urban areas to create, augment or restore ecosystem services (ES). However, many of these species spread beyond original plantings, sometimes causing negative effects on existing ES or creating novel ecosystem disservices (EDS). An understanding of the perceptions of urban residents regarding invasive alien plants (IAPs) and the ES and EDS they provide is needed for the effective prioritisation of IAP management efforts in cities. Using the city of Cape Town, South Africa as a case study, we conducted questionnaire-based surveys (online and face-to-face) to determine the perceptions of urban residents regarding IAPs and their capacity to provide ES and EDS. Most urban residents perceive IAPs negatively (i.e. agreeing that they create EDS), but many recognise their importance in providing ES. Although most residents are not opposed to the management of IAPs, such actions are not perceived as a high priority relative to other environmental problems. Socio-demographic variables such as age, education, environmental awareness, and ethnicity shape urban residents' perceptions of IAPs. Older, more educated respondents were more likely to perceive IAPs negatively, while respondents with greater environmental awareness were aware of the benefits provided by IAPs. This study highlights the need to integrate public perceptions into the planning and management of IAPs and emphasises the importance of including ES assessments into the decision-making process, particularly in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Potgieter
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Mirijam Gaertner
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Nürtingen-Geislingen University of Applied Sciences (HFWU), Schelmenwasen 4-8, 72622 Nürtingen, Germany
| | - Patrick J O'Farrell
- Natural Resources and Environment CSIR, Biodiversity and ES Research Group, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Liao C, Clark PE, DeGloria SD. Bush encroachment dynamics and rangeland management implications in southern Ethiopia. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:11694-11703. [PMID: 30598767 PMCID: PMC6303711 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rangelands in southern Ethiopia have been undergoing a rapid regime shift from herbaceous to woody plant dominance in the past decades, reducing indigenous plant biodiversity, altering ecosystem function, and threatening subsistence pastoralism. Despite significant rangeland management implications, quantification of spatial encroachment extent and transitional pathways that result in encroachment remain largely under-explored. This paper develops a phenology-based approach to map rangeland vegetation states in southern Ethiopia, and examines transition pathways among states using the state-and-transition model. The results indicate that nearly 80% of landscape was dominated by woody plants in 2013. While stable encroached states have been established in both high and low lands through different transition pathways between 2003 and 2013, we identified spatial locations where bush encroachment occurred rapidly. The multiplicity in the transition pathways indicates opportunities for positive transformation in the entire rangeland system in southern Ethiopia and other semi-arid regions of Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liao
- School of SustainabilityArizona State UniversityTempeArizona
| | - Patrick E. Clark
- Northwest Watershed Research CenterUSDA Agricultural Research ServiceBoiseIdaho
| | - Stephen D. DeGloria
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Crop and Soil Sciences SectionCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
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Wan JZ, Zhang ZX, Wang CJ. Identifying potential distributions of 10 invasive alien trees: implications for conservation management of protected areas. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:739. [PMID: 30460409 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tree invasion has the potential to negatively affect biodiversity and ecosystems, with invasive alien trees (IATs) expanding widely in protected areas (PAs) across different habitats. Thus, the effectiveness of PAs might be reduced. Investigation of the distributions of IAT is urgently required to improve the effective conservation management of PAs. We projected the potential distributions of 10 IATs, which included Acacia mearnsii, Ardisia elliptica, Cecropia peltata, Cinchona pubescens, Leucaena leucocephala, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Miconia calvescens, Morella faya, Prosopis glandulosa, and Spathodea campanulata, that have a serious influence on global biodiversity and assessed the distribution possibilities of these IATs in PAs based on the PA categories of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The overall potential distributions of these 10 IATs included Latin America, central and southern Africa, southeastern Asia, eastern Australia and New Zealand, and western Europe. Annual mean temperature, temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, and soil bulk density were found to be important environmental variables for the potential distributions of these IATs. Overall, A. mearnsii, A. elliptica, C. peltata, L. leucocephala, M. quinquenervia, M. calvescens, and S. campanulata were distributed mainly in the IUCN PA categories of national parks and PAs with sustainable use of natural resources. We proposed the following for conservation management of PAs: (1) completion of species inventories for PAs, (2) better understanding of factors driving invasions in PAs, (3) assessment of the efficiency of management within particular PAs, and (4) evaluation of changes in trends regarding plant invasions in PAs under climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chun-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
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Similarity of introduced plant species to native ones facilitates naturalization, but differences enhance invasion success. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4631. [PMID: 30401825 PMCID: PMC6219509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for traits associated with plant invasiveness has yielded contradictory results, in part because most previous studies have failed to recognize that different traits are important at different stages along the introduction–naturalization–invasion continuum. Here we show that across six different habitat types in temperate Central Europe, naturalized non-invasive species are functionally similar to native species occurring in the same habitat type, but invasive species are different as they occupy the edge of the plant functional trait space represented in each habitat. This pattern was driven mainly by the greater average height of invasive species. These results suggest that the primary determinant of successful establishment of alien species in resident plant communities is environmental filtering, which is expressed in similar trait distributions. However, to become invasive, established alien species need to be different enough to occupy novel niche space, i.e. the edge of trait space. Plant functional traits may help distinguish introduced species that will become invasive from those that do not. Here, Divíšek et al. show that functional profiles of naturalized plant species are similar to natives, while those of invasive plant species exist at the edge of the functional trait space.
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Davis EL, Gedalof Z. Limited prospects for future alpine treeline advance in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4489-4504. [PMID: 29856111 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Treeline advance has occurred throughout the twentieth century in mountainous regions around the world; however, local variation and temporal lags in responses to climate warming indicate that the upper limits of some treelines are not necessarily in climatic equilibrium. These observations suggest that factors other than climate are constraining tree establishment beyond existing treelines. Using a seed addition experiment, we tested the effects of seed availability, predation and microsite limitation on the establishment of two subalpine tree species (Picea engelmannii and Abies lasiocarpa) across four treelines in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. The effect of vegetation removal on seedling growth was also determined, and microclimate conditions were monitored. Establishment limitations observed in the field were placed in context with the effects of soil properties observed in a parallel experiment. The seed addition experiment revealed reduced establishment with increasing elevation, suggesting that although establishment within the treeline ecotone is at least partially seed limited, other constraints are more important beyond the current treeline. The effects of herbivory and microsite availability significantly reduced seedling establishment but were less influential beyond the treeline. Microclimate monitoring revealed that establishment was negatively related to growing season temperatures and positively related to the duration of winter snow cover, counter to the conventional expectation that establishment is limited by low temperatures. Overall, it appears that seedling establishment beyond treeline is predominantly constrained by a combination of high soil surface temperatures during the growing season, reduced winter snowpack and unfavourable soil properties. Our study supports the assertion that seedling establishment in alpine treeline ecotones is simultaneously limited by various climatic and nonclimatic drivers. Together, these factors may limit future treeline advance in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and should be considered when assessing the potential for treeline advance in alpine systems elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Davis
- Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ze'ev Gedalof
- Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Singh SP, Inderjit , Singh JS, Majumdar S, Moyano J, Nuñez MA, Richardson DM. Insights on the persistence of pines ( Pinus species) in the Late Cretaceous and their increasing dominance in the Anthropocene. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:10345-10359. [PMID: 30398478 PMCID: PMC6206191 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gymnosperms were nearly swept away by the rise of the angiosperms in the Late Cretaceous, conifers, and pines (Pinus species) in particular, survived and regained their dominance in some habitats. Diversification of pines into fire-avoiding (subgenus Haploxylon) and fire-adapted (subgenus Diploxylon) species occurred in response to abiotic and biotic factors in the Late Cretaceous such as competition with emerging angiosperms and changing fire regimes. Adaptations/traits that evolved in response to angiosperm-fuelled fire regimes and stressful environments in the Late Cretaceous were key to pine success and are also contributing to a new "pine rise" in some areas in the Anthropocene. Human-mediated activities exert both positive and negative impacts of range size and expansion and invasions of pines. Large-scale afforestation with pines, human-mediated changes to fire regimes, and other ecosystem processes are other contributing factors. We discuss traits that evolved in response to angiosperm-mediated fires and stressful environments in the Cretaceous and that continue to contribute to pine persistence and dominance and the numerous ways in which human activities favor pines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inderjit
- Department of Environmental StudiesCentre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems (CEMDE)University of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | | | - Sudipto Majumdar
- Department of Environmental StudiesCentre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems (CEMDE)University of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - Jaime Moyano
- Grupo de Ecologia de InvasionesINIBIOMACONICET/Universidad Nacional del ComahueBarilocheArgentina
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecologia de InvasionesINIBIOMACONICET/Universidad Nacional del ComahueBarilocheArgentina
| | - David M. Richardson
- Department of Botany and ZoologyCentre for Invasion BiologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
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Wilson JRU, Faulkner KT, Rahlao SJ, Richardson DM, Zengeya TA, Wilgen BW. Indicators for monitoring biological invasions at a national level. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R. U. Wilson
- South African National Biodiversity InstituteKirstenbosch Research Centre Claremont South Africa
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - Katelyn T. Faulkner
- South African National Biodiversity InstituteKirstenbosch Research Centre Claremont South Africa
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - Sebataolo J. Rahlao
- South African National Biodiversity InstituteKirstenbosch Research Centre Claremont South Africa
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - Tsungai A. Zengeya
- South African National Biodiversity InstituteKirstenbosch Research Centre Claremont South Africa
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of Pretoria Hatfield South Africa
| | - Brian W. Wilgen
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
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43
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Citizen engagement in the management of non-native invasive pines: Does it make a difference? Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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44
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Davies KW, Bates JD, Boyd CS. Postwildfire seeding to restore native vegetation and limit exotic annuals: an evaluation in juniper-dominated sagebrush steppe. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk W. Davies
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center; 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns OR 97720 U.S.A
| | - Jon D. Bates
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center; 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns OR 97720 U.S.A
| | - Chad S. Boyd
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center; 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns OR 97720 U.S.A
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Sonnier G, Bohlen PJ, Swain HM, Orzell SL, Bridges EL, Boughton EH. Assessing the success of hydrological restoration in two conservation easements within Central Florida ranchland. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199333. [PMID: 29969464 PMCID: PMC6029772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the USA, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) has restored millions of acres of wetlands through its Wetland Reserve Easement (WRE) programs. However, few quantitative studies have explored whether WREs have enhanced wetland hydrology and wetland plant communities. Additionally, USDA Compatible Use Permits for cattle grazing and other management practices are sometimes issued for WREs, but little is known about potential benefits/detriments of such practice on the success of wetland restoration. In this study, we tested if hydrological restoration of previously drained species poor pastures increased water depth and hydroperiod. Restoration involved plugging key ditches, adding water control structures and a berm. We also tested if hydrological restoration increased plant diversity (alpha and beta), floristic quality (using coefficient of conservatism) and increased the cover of wetland species (using species wetland status). Finally, we tested if cattle grazing had an effect on the success of restoration by comparing grazed plots to fenced plots. We studied two conservation easements (a total of 748 acres) located on semi-native pastures in central Florida, USA. We monitored vegetation using permanent transects stratified by vegetation type before (2004-2005) and after (2012) the restoration (2008). We assessed wetland hydroperiod using groundwater wells set up in 2003 and located within and outside the boundaries of these two easements. We used linear mixed models and multivariate analyses to compare vegetation and hydroperiods pre- and post-restoration. Number of flooded days increased following restoration in one of the easements, but we did not detect significant changes in hydrology in the other easement. Floristic quality, beta diversity and cover of obligate wetland species increased in both conservation easements and in most vegetation types. These vegetation changes were likely due to restoration activities since annual rainfall was not significantly different pre- and post-restoration. Cattle grazing did not have a negative or positive effect on the success of restoration, nor did we detect any positive effect of grazing on the success of restoration. Overall, our study shows that hydrological restoration can enhance wetland hydroperiod, water depth and wetland vegetation, but more resources should be allocated to short- and long-term monitoring of the restoration success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Sonnier
- Archbold Biological Station, Venus, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick J. Bohlen
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hilary M. Swain
- Archbold Biological Station, Venus, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steve L. Orzell
- Avon Park Air Force Range, Avon Park, Florida, United States of America
| | - Edwin L. Bridges
- Botanical and Ecological Consultant, Bremerton, United States of America
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Citizen Science as a Tool in Biological Recording—A Case Study of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-native invasive species frequently appear in urban and non-urban ecosystems and may become a threat to biodiversity. Some of these newcomers are introduced accidentally, and others are introduced through a sequence of events caused by conscious human decisions. Involving the general public in biodiversity preservation activities could prevent the negative consequences of these actions. Accurate and reliable data collecting is the first step in invasive species management, and citizen science can be a useful tool to collect data and engage the public in science. We present a case study of biological recording of tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) using a participatory citizen model. The first goal in this case study was to develop a cheap, widely accessible, and effective inventory method, and to test it by mapping tree of heaven in Croatia. A total of 90.61 km of roads and trails was mapped; 20 single plants and 19 multi-plant clusters (mapped as polygons) were detected. The total infested area was 2610 m2. The second goal was to educate citizens and raise awareness of this invasive species. The developed tool and suggested approach aided in improving invasive risk management in accordance with citizen science principles and can be applied to other species or areas.
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What drives Eucalyptus globulus natural establishment outside plantations? The relative importance of climate, plantation and site characteristics. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Zamora Nasca LB, Relva MA, Núñez MA. Ungulates can control tree invasions: experimental evidence from nonnative conifers and sheep herbivory. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Shiflett SA, Zinnert JC, Young DR. Functional traits of expanding, thicket‐forming shrubs: contrasting strategies between exotic and native species. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A. Shiflett
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
| | - Julie C. Zinnert
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
| | - Donald R. Young
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
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Nuñez MA, Chiuffo MC, Torres A, Paul T, Dimarco RD, Raal P, Policelli N, Moyano J, García RA, van Wilgen BW, Pauchard A, Richardson DM. Ecology and management of invasive Pinaceae around the world: progress and challenges. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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