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Halloran KM, Saadat N, Pallas B, Vyas AK, Sargis R, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: Testosterone excess masculinizes female pancreatic transcriptome and function in sheep. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 588:112234. [PMID: 38588858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Hyperandrogenic disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, are often associated with metabolic disruptions such as insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Studies in sheep, a precocial model of translational relevance, provide evidence that in utero exposure to excess testosterone during days 30-90 of gestation (the sexually dimorphic window where males naturally experience elevated androgens) programs insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in female offspring. Extending earlier findings that adverse effects of testosterone excess are evident in fetal day 90 pancreas, the end of testosterone treatment, the present study provides evidence that transcriptomic and phenotypic effects of in utero testosterone excess on female pancreas persist after cessation of treatment, suggesting lasting organizational changes, and induce a male-like phenotype in female pancreas. These findings demonstrate that the female pancreas is susceptible to programmed masculinization during the sexually dimorphic window of fetal development and shed light on underlying connections between hyperandrogenism and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Saadat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brooke Pallas
- Unit Lab Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arpita K Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert Sargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Yew MJ, Heywood SE, Ng J, West OM, Pal M, Kueh A, Lancaster GI, Myers S, Yang C, Liu Y, Reibe S, Mellett NA, Meikle PJ, Febbraio MA, Greening DW, Drew BG, Henstridge DC. ACAD10 is not required for metformin's metabolic actions or for maintenance of whole-body metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1731-1745. [PMID: 38351663 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM Acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase family member 10 (ACAD10) is a mitochondrial protein purported to be involved in the fatty acid oxidation pathway. Metformin is the most prescribed therapy for type 2 diabetes; however, its precise mechanisms of action(s) are still being uncovered. Upregulation of ACAD10 is a requirement for metformin's ability to inhibit growth in cancer cells and extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, it is unknown whether ACAD10 plays a role in metformin's metabolic actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed the role for ACAD10 on whole-body metabolism and metformin action by generating ACAD10KO mice on a C57BL/6J background via CRISPR-Cas9 technology. In-depth metabolic phenotyping was conducted in both sexes on a normal chow and high fat-high sucrose diet. RESULTS Compared with wildtype mice, we detected no difference in body composition, energy expenditure or glucose tolerance in male or female ACAD10KO mice, on a chow diet or high-fat, high-sucrose diet (p ≥ .05). Hepatic mitochondrial function and insulin signalling was not different between genotypes under basal or insulin-stimulated conditions (p ≥ .05). Glucose excursions following acute administration of metformin before a glucose tolerance test were not different between genotypes nor was body composition or energy expenditure altered after 4 weeks of daily metformin treatment (p ≥ .05). Despite the lack of a metabolic phenotype, liver lipidomic analysis suggests ACAD10 depletion influences the abundance of specific ceramide species containing very long chain fatty acids, while metformin treatment altered clusters of cholesterol ester, plasmalogen, phosphatidylcholine and ceramide species. CONCLUSIONS Loss of ACAD10 does not alter whole-body metabolism or impact the acute or chronic metabolic actions of metformin in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Yew
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sarah E Heywood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joe Ng
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Olivia M West
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Martin Pal
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Stephen Myers
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christine Yang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yingying Liu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saskia Reibe
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian G Drew
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren C Henstridge
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Rashan EH, Bartlett AK, Khana DB, Zhang J, Jain R, Smith AJ, Baker ZN, Cook T, Caldwell A, Chevalier AR, Pfleger BF, Yuan P, Amador-Noguez D, Simcox JA, Pagliarini DJ. ACAD10 and ACAD11 enable mammalian 4-hydroxy acid lipid catabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.09.574893. [PMID: 38260250 PMCID: PMC10802472 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.574893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is a central catabolic pathway with broad implications for organismal health. However, various fatty acids are largely incompatible with standard FAO machinery until they are modified by other enzymes. Included among these are the 4-hydroxy acids (4-HAs)-fatty acids hydroxylated at the 4 (γ) position-which can be provided from dietary intake, lipid peroxidation, and certain drugs of abuse. Here, we reveal that two atypical and poorly characterized acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs), ACAD10 and ACAD11, drive 4-HA catabolism in mice. Unlike other ACADs, ACAD10 and ACAD11 feature kinase domains N-terminal to their ACAD domains that phosphorylate the 4-OH position as a requisite step in the conversion of 4-hydroxyacyl-CoAs into 2-enoyl-CoAs-conventional FAO intermediates. Our ACAD11 cryo-EM structure and molecular modeling reveal a unique binding pocket capable of accommodating this phosphorylated intermediate. We further show that ACAD10 is mitochondrial and necessary for catabolizing shorter-chain 4-HAs, whereas ACAD11 is peroxisomal and enables longer-chain 4-HA catabolism. Mice lacking ACAD11 accumulate 4-HAs in their plasma while comparable 3- and 5-hydroxy acids remain unchanged. Collectively, this work defines ACAD10 and ACAD11 as the primary gatekeepers of mammalian 4-HA catabolism and sets the stage for broader investigations into the ramifications of aberrant 4-HA metabolism in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edrees H. Rashan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Abigail K. Bartlett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Daven B. Khana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Raghav Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Zakery N. Baker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Taylor Cook
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alana Caldwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Autumn R. Chevalier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brian F. Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Daniel Amador-Noguez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Judith A. Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David J. Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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4
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Lin M, Zhong Y, Zhou D, Guan B, Hu B, Wang P, Liu F. Proximal tubule cells in blood and urine as potential biomarkers for kidney disease biopsy. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16499. [PMID: 38077419 PMCID: PMC10710128 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing kidney disease, yet there remains a need to further explore pathological mechanisms and develop minimally invasive diagnostic methods. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to assess the cellular heterogeneity of kidney diseases. We analyzed gene expression profiles from renal tissue, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and urine of four patients with nephritis. Our findings identified 12 distinct cell subsets in renal tissues and leukocytes. These subsets encompassed fibroblast cells, mesangial cells, epithelial cells, proximal tubule cells (PTCs), and six immune cell types: CD8+ T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, B cells, and neutrophils. Interestingly, PTCs were present in both PBMCs and urine samples but absent in healthy blood samples. Furthermore, several populations of fibroblast cells, mesangial cells, and PTCs exhibited pro-inflammatory or pro-apoptotic behaviors. Our gene expression analysis highlighted the critical role of inflammatory PTCs and fibroblasts in nephritis development and progression. These cells showed high expression of pro-inflammatory genes, which could have chemotactic and activating effect on neutrophils. This was substantiated by the widespread in these cells. Notably, the gene expression profiles of inflammatory PTCs in PBMCs, urine, and kidney tissues had high similarity. This suggests that PTCs in urine and PBMCs hold significant potential as alternative markers to invasive kidney biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwa Lin
- Depament of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yingxue Zhong
- Depament of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Cancer Center, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Baozhang Guan
- Depament of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Depament of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Depament of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Choi J, Kim S, Kim J, Son HY, Yoo SK, Kim CU, Park YJ, Moon S, Cha B, Jeon MC, Park K, Yun JM, Cho B, Kim N, Kim C, Kwon NJ, Park YJ, Matsuda F, Momozawa Y, Kubo M, Kim HJ, Park JH, Seo JS, Kim JI, Im SW. A whole-genome reference panel of 14,393 individuals for East Asian populations accelerates discovery of rare functional variants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6319. [PMID: 37556544 PMCID: PMC10411914 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Underrepresentation of non-European (EUR) populations hinders growth of global precision medicine. Resources such as imputation reference panels that match the study population are necessary to find low-frequency variants with substantial effects. We created a reference panel consisting of 14,393 whole-genome sequences including more than 11,000 Asian individuals. Genome-wide association studies were conducted using the reference panel and a population-specific genotype array of 72,298 subjects for eight phenotypes. This panel yields improved imputation accuracy of rare and low-frequency variants within East Asian populations compared with the largest reference panel. Thirty-nine previously unidentified associations were found, and more than half of the variants were East Asian specific. We discovered genes with rare protein-altering variants, including LTBP1 for height and GPR75 for body mass index, as well as putative regulatory mechanisms for rare noncoding variants with cell type-specific effects. We suggest that this dataset will add to the potential value of Asian precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Juhyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Son
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Yoo
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Young Jun Park
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungji Moon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bukyoung Cha
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghyuk Park
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Moon Yun
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Young Joo Park
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Seo
- Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asian Genome Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Wha Im
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Shim SM, Choi HR, Kwon SC, Kim HY, Sung KW, Jung EJ, Mun SR, Bae TH, Kim DH, Son YS, Jung CH, Lee J, Lee MJ, Park JW, Kwon YT. The Cys-N-degron pathway modulates pexophagy through the N-terminal oxidation and arginylation of ACAD10. Autophagy 2023; 19:1642-1661. [PMID: 36184612 PMCID: PMC10262816 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2126617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the N-degron pathway, N-recognins recognize cognate substrates for degradation via the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) or the autophagy-lysosome system (hereafter autophagy). We have recently shown that the autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) is an N-recognin that binds the N-terminal arginine (Nt-Arg) as an N-degron to modulate autophagic proteolysis. Here, we show that the N-degron pathway mediates pexophagy, in which damaged peroxisomal fragments are degraded by autophagy under normal and oxidative stress conditions. This degradative process initiates when the Nt-Cys of ACAD10 (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 10), a receptor in pexophagy, is oxidized into Cys sulfinic (CysO2) or sulfonic acid (CysO3) by ADO (2-aminoethanethiol (cysteamine) dioxygenase). Under oxidative stress, the Nt-Cys of ACAD10 is chemically oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidized Nt-Cys2 is arginylated by ATE1-encoded R-transferases, generating the RCOX N-degron. RCOX-ACAD10 marks the site of pexophagy via the interaction with PEX5 and binds the ZZ domain of SQSTM1/p62, recruiting LC3+-autophagic membranes. In mice, knockout of either Ate1 responsible for Nt-arginylation or Sqstm1/p62 leads to increased levels of peroxisomes. In the cells from patients with peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), characterized by peroxisomal loss due to uncontrolled pexophagy, inhibition of either ATE1 or SQSTM1/p62 was sufficient to recover the level of peroxisomes. Our results demonstrate that the Cys-N-degron pathway generates an N-degron that regulates the removal of damaged peroxisomal membranes along with their contents. We suggest that tannic acid, a commercially available drug on the market, has a potential to treat PBDs through its activity to inhibit ATE1 R-transferases.Abbreviations: ACAA1, acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1; ACAD, acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase; ADO, 2-aminoethanethiol (cysteamine) dioxygenase; ATE1, arginyltransferase 1; CDO1, cysteine dioxygenase type 1; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; LIR, LC3-interacting region; MOXD1, monooxygenase, DBH-like 1; NAC, N-acetyl-cysteine; Nt-Arg, N-terminal arginine; Nt-Cys, N-terminal cysteine; PB1, Phox and Bem1p; PBD, peroxisome biogenesis disorder; PCO, plant cysteine oxidase; PDI, protein disulfide isomerase; PTS, peroxisomal targeting signal; R-COX, Nt-Arg-CysOX; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SNP, sodium nitroprusside; UBA, ubiquitin-associated; UPS, ubiquitinproteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Shim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Rim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Chul Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Jung Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ran Mun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Bae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Yeon Sung Son
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hoon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cellular Degradation Biology Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- AUTOTAC Bio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- SNU Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Díez-Del-Molino D, Dehasque M, Chacón-Duque JC, Pečnerová P, Tikhonov A, Protopopov A, Plotnikov V, Kanellidou F, Nikolskiy P, Mortensen P, Danilov GK, Vartanyan S, Gilbert MTP, Lister AM, Heintzman PD, van der Valk T, Dalén L. Genomics of adaptive evolution in the woolly mammoth. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1753-1764.e4. [PMID: 37030294 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Ancient genomes provide a tool to investigate the genetic basis of adaptations in extinct organisms. However, the identification of species-specific fixed genetic variants requires the analysis of genomes from multiple individuals. Moreover, the long-term scale of adaptive evolution coupled with the short-term nature of traditional time series data has made it difficult to assess when different adaptations evolved. Here, we analyze 23 woolly mammoth genomes, including one of the oldest known specimens at 700,000 years old, to identify fixed derived non-synonymous mutations unique to the species and to obtain estimates of when these mutations evolved. We find that at the time of its origin, the woolly mammoth had already acquired a broad spectrum of positively selected genes, including ones associated with hair and skin development, fat storage and metabolism, and immune system function. Our results also suggest that these phenotypes continued to evolve during the last 700,000 years, but through positive selection on different sets of genes. Finally, we also identify additional genes that underwent comparatively recent positive selection, including multiple genes related to skeletal morphology and body size, as well as one gene that may have contributed to the small ear size in Late Quaternary woolly mammoths.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díez-Del-Molino
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marianne Dehasque
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Camilo Chacón-Duque
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrícia Pečnerová
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden; Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexei Tikhonov
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 190121 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Foteini Kanellidou
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Clinical Genomics Facility, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavel Nikolskiy
- Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Mortensen
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gleb K Danilov
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Kunstkamera, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Vartanyan
- North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute N.A. Shilo, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (NEISRI FEB RAS), 685000 Magadan, Russia
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark; University Museum NTNU, 7012 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Peter D Heintzman
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 11418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom van der Valk
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Love Dalén
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Barradas M, Plaza A, Colmenarejo G, Lázaro I, Costa-Machado LF, Martín-Hernández R, Micó V, López-Aceituno JL, Herranz J, Pantoja C, Tejero H, Diaz-Ruiz A, Al-Shahrour F, Daimiel L, Loria-Kohen V, de Molina AR, Efeyan A, Serrano M, Pozo OJ, Sala-Vila A, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. Fatty acids homeostasis during fasting predicts protection from chemotherapy toxicity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5677. [PMID: 36167809 PMCID: PMC9515185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting exerts beneficial effects in mice and humans, including protection from chemotherapy toxicity. To explore the involved mechanisms, we collect blood from humans and mice before and after 36 or 24 hours of fasting, respectively, and measure lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes, circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs), and RNA expression at peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Fasting coordinately affects the proportion of polyunsaturated versus saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids at the erythrocyte membrane; and reduces the expression of insulin signaling-related genes in PBMCs. When fasted for 24 hours before and 24 hours after administration of oxaliplatin or doxorubicin, mice show a strong protection from toxicity in several tissues. Erythrocyte membrane lipids and PBMC gene expression define two separate groups of individuals that accurately predict a differential protection from chemotherapy toxicity, with important clinical implications. Our results reveal a mechanism of fasting associated with lipid homeostasis, and provide biomarkers of fasting to predict fasting-mediated protection from chemotherapy toxicity. Fasting has been reported to protect from chemotherapy-associated toxicity. Here, the authors show that fatty acid profiles in erythrocyte membranes and gene expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated to the fasting-mediated benefits during cancer treatment in mice and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barradas
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Plaza
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Colmenarejo
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular risk and nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Martín-Hernández
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Micó
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Aceituno
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Herranz
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Pantoja
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Tejero
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, Platform GENYAL, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramirez de Molina
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, Platform GENYAL, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute-(IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Cardiovascular risk and nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.,Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Peng G, Xi Y, Bellini C, Pham K, Zhuang ZW, Yan Q, Jia M, Wang G, Lu L, Tang MS, Zhao H, Wang H. Nicotine dose-dependent epigenomic-wide DNA methylation changes in the mice with long-term electronic cigarette exposure. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3679-3692. [PMID: 36119846 PMCID: PMC9442002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenomic-wide DNA methylation profiling holds the potential to reflect both electronic cigarette exposure-associated risks and individual poor health outcomes. However, a systemic study in animals or humans is still lacking. Using the Infinium Mouse Methylation BeadChip, we examined the DNA methylation status of white blood cells in male ApoE-/- mice after 14 weeks of electronic cigarette exposure with the InExpose system (2 hr/day, 5 days/week, 50% PG and 50% VG) with low (6 mg/ml) and high (36 mg/ml) nicotine concentrations. Our results indicate that electronic cigarette aerosol inhalation induces significant alteration of 8,985 CpGs in a dose-dependent manner (FDR<0.05); 7,389 (82.2%) of the CpG sites are annotated with known genes. Among the top 6 significant CpG sites (P-value<1e-8), 4 CpG sites are located in the known genes, and most (3/5) of these genes have been related to cigarette smoking. The other two CpGs are close to/associated with the Phc2 gene that was recently linked to smoking in a transcriptome-wide associations study. Furthermore, the gene set enrichment analysis highlights the activation of MAPK and 4 cardiomyocyte/cardiomyopathy-related signaling pathways (including adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy) following repeated electronic cigarette use. The MAPK pathway activation correlates well with our finding of increased cytokine mRNA expression after electronic cigarette exposure in the same batch of mice. Interestingly, two pathways related to mitochondrial activities, namely mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial translation, are also activated after electronic cigarette exposure. Elucidating the relationship between these pathways and the increased circulating mitochondrial DNA observed here will provide further insight into the cell-damaging effects of prolonged inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public HealthNew Haven, USA
| | - Yibo Xi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern UniversityUSA
| | - Kien Pham
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Zhen W Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Man Jia
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Guilin Wang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public HealthNew Haven, USA
| | - Moon-Shong Tang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public HealthNew Haven, USA
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
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10
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Chlamydia pneumoniae Interferes with Macrophage Differentiation and Cell Cycle Regulation to Promote Its Replication. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9854449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae is a ubiquitous intracellular bacterium which infects humans via the respiratory route. The tendency of C. pneumoniae to persist in monocytes and macrophages is well known, but the underlying host-chlamydial interactions remain elusive. In this work, we have described changes in macrophage intracellular signaling pathways induced by C. pneumoniae infection. Label-free quantitative proteome analysis and pathway analysis tools were used to identify changes in human THP-1-derived macrophages upon C. pneumoniae CV6 infection. At 48-h postinfection, pathways associated to nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) regulation were stressed, while negative regulation on cell cycle control was prominent at both 48 h and 72 h. Upregulation of S100A8 and S100A9 calcium binding proteins, osteopontin, and purine nucleoside hydrolase, laccase domain containing protein 1 (LACC1) underlined the proinflammatory consequences of the infection, while elevated NF-κB2 levels in infected macrophages indicates interaction with the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. Infection-induced alteration of cell cycle control was obvious by the downregulation of mini chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins MCM2-7, and the significance of host cell cycle regulation for C. pneumoniae replication was demonstrated by the ability of a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib to promote C. pneumoniae replication and infectious progeny production. The infection was found to suppress retinoblastoma expression in the macrophages in both protein and mRNA levels, and this change was reverted by treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor. The epigenetic suppression of retinoblastoma, along with upregulation of S100A8 and S100A9, indicate host cell changes associated with myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) phenotype.
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11
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Sfikas G, Psallas M, Koumaras C, Imprialos K, Perdikakis E, Doumas M, Giouleme O, Karagiannis A, Athyros VG. Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment with 3 Different Statins of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Military Personnel. Do Genetics Play a Role? Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:572-581. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666201015152921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its severe form, non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis (NASH), are major health problems worldwide. Genetics may play a role in
the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH.
Aim:
To investigate the prevalence of NAFLD/NASH in 5,400 military personnel and evaluate
the effect of treatment with 3 statins on NAFLD/NASH using 2 non-invasive scores [NAFLD Activity
Score (NAS); Fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4)].
Methods:
During the mandatory annual medical check-up, military personnel underwent a clinical
and laboratory evaluation. Participants with NAFLD/NASH were randomized into 4 groups
(n=151 each): diet-exercise, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, or pitavastatin for 1 year (i.e., until the next
routine evaluation).
Results:
From all the participants, 613 had NAFLD/NASH (prevalence 11.3 vs 39.8% in the general
population, p<0.001), and a total of 604 consented to participate in the study. After a year of
treatment, the diet-exercise group showed no significant changes in both scores (NAS 4.98 baseline
vs. 5.62, p=0.07; FIB-4 3.42 vs. 3.52, p=0.7). For the atorvastatin group, both scores were reduced
(NAS 4.97 vs 1.95, p<0.001, FIB-4 3.56 vs 0.83, p<0.001), for rosuvastatin (NAS 5.55 vs
1.81, p<0.001, FIB-4 3.61 vs 0.79, p<0.001), and for pitavastatin (NAS 4.89 vs 1.99, p<0.001,
FIB-4 3.78 vs 0.87, p<0.001).
Conclusions:
Atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavastatin have a beneficial and safe effect in
NAFLD/NASH patients as recorded by the improvement in the NAS (representing NAFLD activity)
and FIB-4 (representing liver fibrosis) scores. Since both those with and without NAFLD/-
NASH shared several baseline characteristics, genetics may play a role in the pathogenesis of
NAFLD/NASH and its treatment with statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Sfikas
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Psallas
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalambos Koumaras
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Imprialos
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Perdikakis
- Department of Ultrasonography, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Doumas
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Giouleme
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asterios Karagiannis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilios G. Athyros
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Zhang X, Gao T, Deng S, Shang L, Chen X, Chen K, Li P, Cui X, Zeng J. Fasting induces hepatic lipid accumulation by stimulating peroxisomal dicarboxylic acid oxidation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100622. [PMID: 33811861 PMCID: PMC8102918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting induces lipid accumulation in the liver, while the mechanisms by which fasting dysregulates liver fatty acid oxidation are not clear. Fatty acid ω-oxidation is induced in the fasting state, and administration of dicarboxylic acids to fasting animals decreases plasma ketone bodies. We hypothesized that endogenous dicarboxylic acids might play a role in controlling mitochondrial β-oxidation in fasting animals. A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist and an inhibitor for peroxisomal β-oxidation were administered to the fasting rats to investigate the role of dicarboxylic acids in liver fatty acid oxidation and lipid homeostasis. We observed that excessive β-oxidation of endogenous dicarboxylic acids by peroxisomes generated considerable levels of succinate in the liver. Excessive succinate oxidation subsequently increased the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio and led to an accumulation of 3-OH-CoA and 2-enoyl-CoA intermediates in the liver. This further induced feedback suppression of mitochondrial β-oxidation and promoted hepatic lipid deposition and steatosis. Specific inhibition of peroxisomal β-oxidation attenuated fasting-induced lipid deposition in the liver by reducing succinate production and enhancing mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. We conclude that suppression of mitochondrial β-oxidation by oxidation of dicarboxylic acids serves as a mechanism for fasting-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and identifies cross talk between peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ting Gao
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Senwen Deng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lin Shang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Cui
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China.
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13
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Curtis D. Multiple Linear Regression Allows Weighted Burden Analysis of Rare Coding Variants in an Ethnically Heterogeneous Population. Hum Hered 2021; 85:1-10. [PMID: 33412546 DOI: 10.1159/000512576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Weighted burden analysis has been used in exome-sequenced case-control studies to identify genes in which there is an excess of rare and/or functional variants associated with phenotype. Implementation in a ridge regression framework allows simultaneous analysis of all variants along with relevant covariates, such as population principal components. In order to apply the approach to a quantitative phenotype, a weighted burden score is derived for each subject and included in a linear regression analysis. The weighting scheme is adjusted in order to apply differential weights to rare and very rare variants and a score is derived based on both the frequency and predicted effect of each variant. When applied to an ethnically heterogeneous dataset consisting of 49,790 exome-sequenced UK Biobank subjects and using body mass index as the phenotype, the method produces a very inflated test statistic. However, this is almost completely corrected by including 20 population principal components as covariates. When this is done, the top 30 genes include a few which are quite plausibly associated with the phenotype, including LYPLAL1 and NSDHL. This approach offers a way to carry out gene-based analyses of rare variants identified by exome sequencing in heterogeneous datasets without requiring that data from ethnic minority subjects be discarded. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Curtis
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom, .,Centre for Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,
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14
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ACAD10 protein expression and Neurobehavioral assessment of Acad10-deficient mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242445. [PMID: 33301490 PMCID: PMC7728233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 10 (Acad10)-deficient mice develop impaired glucose tolerance, peripheral insulin resistance, and abnormal weight gain. In addition, they exhibit biochemical features of deficiencies of fatty acid oxidation, such as accumulation of metabolites consistent with abnormal mitochondrial energy metabolism and fasting induced rhabdomyolysis. ACAD10 has significant expression in mouse brain, unlike other acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) involved in fatty acid oxidation. The presence of ACAD10 in human tissues was determined using immunohistochemical staining. To characterize the effect of ACAD10 deficiency on the brain, micro-MRI and neurobehavioral evaluations were performed. Acad10-deficient mouse behavior was examined using open field testing and DigiGait analysis for changes in general activity as well as indices of gait, respectively. ACAD10 protein was shown to colocalize to mitochondria and peroxisomes in lung, muscle, kidney, and pancreas human tissue. Acad10-deficient mice demonstrated subtle behavioral abnormalities, which included reduced activity and increased time in the arena perimeter in the open field test. Mutant animals exhibited brake and propulsion metrics similar to those of control animals, which indicates normal balance, stability of gait, and the absence of significant motor impairment. The lack of evidence for motor impairment combined with avoidance of the center of an open field arena and reduced vertical and horizontal exploration are consistent with a phenotype characterized by elevated anxiety. These results implicate ACAD10 function in normal mouse behavior, which suggests a novel role for ACAD10 in brain metabolism.
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15
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Gunther SH, Khoo CM, Tai ES, Sim X, Kovalik JP, Ching J, Lee JJ, van Dam RM. Serum acylcarnitines and amino acids and risk of type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic Asian population. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001315. [PMID: 33004401 PMCID: PMC7534670 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated whether concentrations of serum acylcarnitines and amino acids are associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and can improve predictive diabetes models in an Asian population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from 3313 male and female participants from the Singapore Prospective Study Program cohort who were diabetes-free at baseline. The average age at baseline was 48.0 years (SD: 11.9 years), and participants were of Chinese, Malay, and Indian ethnicity. Diabetes cases were identified through self-reported physician diagnosis, fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin concentrations, and linkage to national disease registries. We measured fasting serum concentrations of 45 acylcarnitines and 14 amino acids. The association between metabolites and incident diabetes was modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, height, and parental history of diabetes, and correction for multiple testing. Metabolites were added to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) predictive diabetes risk model to assess whether they could increase the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS Participants were followed up for an average of 8.4 years (SD: 2.1 years), during which time 314 developed diabetes. Branched-chain amino acids (HR: 1.477 per SD; 95% CI 1.325 to 1.647) and the alanine to glycine ratio (HR: 1.572; 95% CI 1.426 to 1.733) were most strongly associated with diabetes risk. Additionally, the acylcarnitines C4 and C16-OH, and the amino acids alanine, combined glutamate/glutamine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, and tyrosine were significantly associated with higher diabetes risk, and the acylcarnitine C8-DC and amino acids glycine and serine with lower risk. Adding selected metabolites to the ARIC model resulted in a significant increase in AUC from 0.836 to 0.846. CONCLUSIONS We identified acylcarnitines and amino acids associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in an Asian population. A subset of these modestly improved the prediction of diabetes when added to an established diabetes risk model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Gunther
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jeannette J Lee
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Chen X, Shang L, Deng S, Li P, Chen K, Gao T, Zhang X, Chen Z, Zeng J. Peroxisomal oxidation of erucic acid suppresses mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation by stimulating malonyl-CoA formation in the rat liver. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10168-10179. [PMID: 32493774 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding of rapeseed (canola) oil with a high erucic acid concentration is known to cause hepatic steatosis in animals. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation plays a central role in liver lipid homeostasis, so it is possible that hepatic metabolism of erucic acid might decrease mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. However, the precise mechanistic relationship between erucic acid levels and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is unclear. Using male Sprague-Dawley rats, along with biochemical and molecular biology approaches, we report here that peroxisomal β-oxidation of erucic acid stimulates malonyl-CoA formation in the liver and thereby suppresses mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Excessive hepatic uptake and peroxisomal β-oxidation of erucic acid resulted in appreciable peroxisomal release of free acetate, which was then used in the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA. Peroxisomal metabolism of erucic acid also remarkably increased the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio, suppressed sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity, and thereby activated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which stimulated malonyl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA. Chronic feeding of a diet including high-erucic-acid rapeseed oil diminished mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and caused hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in the rats. Of note, administration of a specific peroxisomal β-oxidation inhibitor attenuated these effects. Our findings establish a cross-talk between peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. They suggest that peroxisomal oxidation of long-chain fatty acids suppresses mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation by stimulating malonyl-CoA formation, which might play a role in fatty acid-induced hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Chen
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Shang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Senwen Deng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Gao
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Zhilan Chen
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
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17
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Tan SM, Ziemann M, Thallas-Bonke V, Snelson M, Kumar V, Laskowski A, Nguyen TV, Huynh K, Clarke MV, Libianto R, Baker ST, Skene A, Power DA, MacIsaac RJ, Henstridge DC, Wetsel RA, El-Osta A, Meikle PJ, Wilson SG, Forbes JM, Cooper ME, Ekinci EI, Woodruff TM, Coughlan MT. Complement C5a Induces Renal Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease by Disrupting Mitochondrial Metabolic Agility. Diabetes 2020; 69:83-98. [PMID: 31624141 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The sequelae of diabetes include microvascular complications such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which involves glucose-mediated renal injury associated with a disruption in mitochondrial metabolic agility, inflammation, and fibrosis. We explored the role of the innate immune complement component C5a, a potent mediator of inflammation, in the pathogenesis of DKD in clinical and experimental diabetes. Marked systemic elevation in C5a activity was demonstrated in patients with diabetes; conventional renoprotective agents did not therapeutically target this elevation. C5a and its receptor (C5aR1) were upregulated early in the disease process and prior to manifest kidney injury in several diverse rodent models of diabetes. Genetic deletion of C5aR1 in mice conferred protection against diabetes-induced renal injury. Transcriptomic profiling of kidney revealed diabetes-induced downregulation of pathways involved in mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. Interrogation of the lipidomics signature revealed abnormal cardiolipin remodeling in diabetic kidneys, a cardinal sign of disrupted mitochondrial architecture and bioenergetics. In vivo delivery of an orally active inhibitor of C5aR1 (PMX53) reversed the phenotypic changes and normalized the renal mitochondrial fatty acid profile, cardiolipin remodeling, and citric acid cycle intermediates. In vitro exposure of human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells to C5a led to altered mitochondrial respiratory function and reactive oxygen species generation. These experiments provide evidence for a pivotal role of the C5a/C5aR1 axis in propagating renal injury in the development of DKD by disrupting mitochondrial agility, thereby establishing a new immunometabolic signaling pathway in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sih Min Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicki Thallas-Bonke
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrienne Laskowski
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michele V Clarke
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renata Libianto
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott T Baker
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison Skene
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Power
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nephrology and Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Rick A Wetsel
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas-Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Wang L, Xu F, Brickell A, Sun N, Mao X, Zhang Q, Wang G, Zhou Q, Yang B, Li F, Yue L, Zhang W, Hao Y, Sun C. Additional common loci associated with stroke and obesity identified using pleiotropic analytical approach. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 295:439-451. [PMID: 31813042 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a complex disease with multiple etiologies. Numerous studies suggest an established association between obesity and stroke, which may partly arise from the shared genetic components between the two phenotypes. Despite genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified some loci associated with stroke and obesity individually, the estimated genetic variability explained by these loci is limited (especially for stroke) and the pleiotropic loci between them are largely unknown. In this study, we jointly applied the pleiotropy-informed conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) method and the genetic analysis incorporating pleiotropy and annotation (GPA) method on summary statistics of two large GWASs to detect the genetic overlap between stroke (n = 446,696) and obesity (n = 681,275). Stratified Q-Q and fold-enrichment plots showed strong pleiotropic enrichment between the two phenotypes. With cFDR < 0.05 and fdr.GPA < 0.2, we identified 24 (16 novel) stroke-associated SNPs and 12 (10 novel) of them to be potentially pleiotropic SNPs for both phenotypes. The corresponding genes were enriched in trait-associated gene ontology (GO) terms "brain development" and "negative regulation of transport". In conclusion, our study demonstrated the feasibility and effectivity of the two pleiotropic methods which successfully improved the genetic discovery by incorporating related GWAS datasets and validated the genetic intercommunity between stroke and obesity. The identification of pleiotropic loci may provide us any new insights into potential genetic and etiology mechanism between them for the further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianke Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna Brickell
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Management Information Systems, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xiangjie Mao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganyi Wang
- Center for Food and Drug Reevaluation of Henan, No. 79 Xiongerhe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Zhou
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangwei Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Yue
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibin Hao
- People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 33 Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Wishart DS. Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1819-1875. [PMID: 31434538 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics uses advanced analytical chemistry techniques to enable the high-throughput characterization of metabolites from cells, organs, tissues, or biofluids. The rapid growth in metabolomics is leading to a renewed interest in metabolism and the role that small molecule metabolites play in many biological processes. As a result, traditional views of metabolites as being simply the "bricks and mortar" of cells or just the fuel for cellular energetics are being upended. Indeed, metabolites appear to have much more varied and far more important roles as signaling molecules, immune modulators, endogenous toxins, and environmental sensors. This review explores how metabolomics is yielding important new insights into a number of important biological and physiological processes. In particular, a major focus is on illustrating how metabolomics and discoveries made through metabolomics are improving our understanding of both normal physiology and the pathophysiology of many diseases. These discoveries are yielding new insights into how metabolites influence organ function, immune function, nutrient sensing, and gut physiology. Collectively, this work is leading to a much more unified and system-wide perspective of biology wherein metabolites, proteins, and genes are understood to interact synergistically to modify the actions and functions of organelles, organs, and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Wishart
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peters
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Goetzman ES, Gong Z, Schiff M, Wang Y, Muzumdar RH. Metabolic pathways at the crossroads of diabetes and inborn errors. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:5-17. [PMID: 28952033 PMCID: PMC6757345 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past two decades has led to advances in our understanding of the genetic and metabolic factors that underlie the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While T2DM is defined by its hallmark metabolic symptoms, the genetic risk factors for T2DM are more immune-related than metabolism-related, and the observed metabolic disease may be secondary to chronic inflammation. Regardless, these metabolic changes are not benign, as the accumulation of some metabolic intermediates serves to further drive the inflammation and cell stress, eventually leading to insulin resistance and ultimately to T2DM. Because many of the biochemical changes observed in the pre-diabetic state (i.e., ectopic lipid storage, increased acylcarnitines, increased branched-chain amino acids) are also observed in patients with rare inborn errors of fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, an interesting question is raised regarding whether isolated metabolic gene defects can confer an increased risk for T2DM. In this review, we attempt to address this question by summarizing the literature regarding the metabolic pathways at the crossroads of diabetes and inborn errors of metabolism. Studies using cell culture and animal models have revealed that, within a given pathway, disrupting some genes can lead to insulin resistance while for others there may be no effect or even improved insulin sensitivity. This differential response to ablating a single metabolic gene appears to be dependent upon the specific metabolic intermediates that accumulate and whether these intermediates subsequently activate inflammatory pathways. This highlights the need for future studies to determine whether certain inborn errors may confer increased risk for diabetes as the patients age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos 5117, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Manuel Schiff
- UMR1141, PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Radhika H Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
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22
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Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2017; 5:132-142. [PMID: 29177110 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-017-0125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review This review focuses on advances made in the past three years with regards to understanding the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathway, the pathophysiological ramifications of genetic lesions in FAO enzymes, and emerging therapies for FAO disorders. Recent findings FAO has now been recognized to play a key energetic role in pulmonary surfactant synthesis, T-cell differentiation and memory, and the response of the proximal tubule to kidney injury. Patients with FAO disorders may face defects in these cellular systems as they age. Aspirin, statins, and nutritional supplements modulate the rate of FAO under normal conditions and could be risk factors for triggering symptoms in patients with FAO disorders. Patients have been identified with mutations in the ACAD9 and ECHS1 genes, which may represent new FAO disorders. New interventions for long-chain FAODs are in clinical trials. Finally, post-translational modifications that regulate fatty acid oxidation protein activities have been characterized that represent important new therapeutic targets. Summary Recent research has led to a deeper understanding of FAO. New therapeutic avenues are being pursued that may ultimately cause a paradigm shift for patient care.
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