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Yaghjyan L, Heng YJ, Sardella BR, Murthy D, Mahoney MB, Rosner B, Polyak K, Ratcliff M, Tamimi RM. Associations of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 with the expression of stem cell markers in benign breast tissue. Breast Cancer Res 2025; 27:53. [PMID: 40197284 PMCID: PMC11978140 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-025-02002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway is implicated in a naturally occurring process of tissue remodeling during which cells acquire stem cell-like characteristics. We examined associations of circulating IGF-1 and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) with expression of CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 stem cell markers in benign breast biopsies. METHODS This study included 151 cancer-free women with incident biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease and blood samples within the Nurses' Health Study II. The data on reproductive and other BCa risk factors were obtained from biennial questionnaires. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done on tissue microarrays. For each core, the IHC expression was assessed using QuPath, and expressed as % of cells that stain positively for a specific marker out of the total cell count. Generalized linear regression was used to examine the associations of plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-3 (continuous log-transformed and quartiles) with log-transformed expression of each marker (in epithelium and stroma), adjusted for BCa risk factors. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, continuous circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 measures were not associated with the continuous expression of any of the markers in the epithelium or stroma. Women whose IGFBP-3 levels were in the top quartile appeared to have lower expression of stromal CD24 compared to those in the lowest quartile (β = - 0.38, 95% CI - 0.69, - 0.08, p-trend = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Higher circulating IGFBP-3 levels were associated with lower stromal CD24 expression in benign breast tissue. Our findings provide indirect evidence of the inducing effect of IGF pathway on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions and stem cell activity in the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian R Sardella
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Divya Murthy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matt B Mahoney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maisey Ratcliff
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Fernández-Fígares Jiménez MDC. Role of a Whole Plant Foods Diet in Breast Cancer Prevention and Survival. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2025:1-17. [PMID: 39784140 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2442631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity among women worldwide. Epidemiologic evidence shows that the risk of BC and other chronic diseases decreases as the proportion of whole plant foods increases, while the proportion of animal foods (fish, meat, poultry, eggs, seafood, and dairy products) and non-whole plant foods (e.g., refined grains, added sugars, French fries) in the diet decreases. Whole plant foods include fruits, vegetables, roots, tubers, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds from which no edible part has been removed and to which no non-whole food been added. A whole plant foods diet lowers insulin resistance, inflammation, excess body fat, cholesterol, and insulin-like growth factor 1 and sex hormone bioavailability; it also increases estrogen excretion, induces favorable changes in the gut microbiota, and may also favorably affect mammary microbiota composition and decrease the risk of early menarche, all contributing to reduced BC incidence, recurrence, and mortality. This review explores the connection between a whole plant foods diet and BC risk and mortality as well as the potential mechanisms involved. Additionally, this diet is compared with other dietary approaches recommended for BC. A whole plant foods diet seems the optimal dietary pattern for BC and overall disease prevention as it exclusively consists of whole plant foods which, based on existing evidence, lead to the best health outcomes.
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Wang T, Heng YJ, Sardella BR, Rosner B, Tamimi RM, Yaghjyan L. Reproductive factors and expression of stem cell markers in women with incident benign breast disease. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:5434-5445. [PMID: 39659919 PMCID: PMC11626268 DOI: 10.62347/klac9365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Reproductive factors are well-established risk factors for breast cancer. The prevailing hypothesis suggested that stem cell changes may be the key underlying mechanisms, but epidemiological evidence has been notably scarce. Herein we examined the relationship between reproductive risk factors and the expression of well-established stem cell markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 in benign breast biopsy non-cancerous samples. Our study included 735 participants from the Nurses' Health Study II who were diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed incident benign breast disease (BBD). Reproductive history and other BBD/breast cancer risk factors were measured from self-reported biennial questionnaires. Immunohistochemistry was performed on breast tissue microarrays from normal terminal ductal-lobular units (TDLU) cores. Marker expression in epithelium and stroma was quantified using semi-automated image analysis. The generalized linear regression was used to examine the associations of reproductive factors with the positive expression of CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1, adjusted for known breast cancer risk factors. Age at first birth ≥30 years old (vs. <25 years) was associated with lower ALDH1A1 expression in the epithelium (β for ≥30 vs. <25 years = -0.30, 95% CI -0.57; -0.03, p-trend = 0.03). Parity, breastfeeding, age at menarche, and the time interval between menarche and age at first birth were not associated with the expression of any of the three markers in epithelium or stroma. These findings suggest age at first birth may influence the ALDH1A1 expression in breast tissue. Our study added to the very limited evidence regarding the potential impact of reproductive factors on breast stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Wang
- Section of Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer InstituteNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public HealthPitscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Brian R Sardella
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBoston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
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Oh H, Yaghjyan L, Heng YJ, Rosner B, Mahoney MB, Murthy D, Baker GM, Tamimi RM. Associations of Early-Life and Adult Anthropometric Measures with the Expression of Stem Cell Markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 in Women with Benign Breast Biopsies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:933-943. [PMID: 38652503 PMCID: PMC11216865 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the stem cell hypothesis, breast carcinogenesis may be related to the breast stem cell pool size. However, little is known about associations of breast cancer risk factors, such as anthropometric measures, with the expression of stem cell markers in noncancerous breast tissue. METHODS The analysis included 414 women with biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease in the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II. Birthweight, weight at age 18, current weight, and current height were reported via self-administered questionnaires. IHC staining of stem cell markers (CD44, CD24, and aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1) in histopathologically normal epithelial and stromal breast tissue was quantified using an automated computational image analysis system. Linear regression was used to examine the associations of early-life and adult anthropometric measures with log-transformed stem cell marker expression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Birthweight [≥10.0 vs. <5.5 lbs: β (95% confidence interval) = 4.29 (1.02, 7.56); P trend = 0.001 in the stroma] and adult height [≥67.0 vs. <63.0 inch: 0.86 (0.14, 1.58); P trend = 0.02 in the epithelium and stroma combined] were positively associated with CD44 expression. Childhood body fatness was inversely associated (P trend = 0.03) whereas adult height was positively associated with CD24 expression in combined stroma and epithelium (P trend = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that anthropometric measures, such as birthweight, adult height, and childhood body fatness, may be associated with the stem cell expression among women with benign breast disease. IMPACT Anthropometric measures, such as birthweight, height, and childhood body fatness, may have long-term impacts on stem cell population in the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Oh
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lusine Yaghjyan
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yujing J. Heng
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matt B. Mahoney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Divya Murthy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle M. Baker
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M. Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Yaghjyan L, Heng YJ, Baker GM, Murthy D, Mahoney MB, Rosner B, Tamimi RM. Associations of stem cell markers CD44, CD24 and ALDH1A1 with mammographic breast density in women with benign breast biopsies. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:325-333. [PMID: 38849477 PMCID: PMC11263693 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined associations of CD44, CD24 and ALDH1A1 breast stem cell markers with mammographic breast density (MBD), a well-established breast cancer (BCa) risk factor. METHODS We included 218 cancer-free women with biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. The data on BCa risk factors were obtained from biennial questionnaires. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done on tissue microarrays. For each core, the IHC expression was assessed using a semi-automated platform and expressed as percent of positively stained cells for each marker out of the total cell count. MBD was assessed with computer-assisted techniques. Generalised linear regression was used to examine the associations of each marker with square root-transformed percent density (PD), absolute dense and non-dense areas (NDA), adjusted for BCa risk factors. RESULTS Stromal CD44 and ALDH1A1 expression was positively associated with PD (≥ 10% vs. <10% β = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.06; 1.07] and β = 0.81 [0.27; 1.34], respectively) and inversely associated with NDA (β per 10% increase = -0.17 [-0.34; -0.01] and β for ≥10% vs. <10% = -1.17 [-2.07; -0.28], respectively). Epithelial CD24 expression was inversely associated with PD (β per 10% increase = -0.14 [-0.28; -0.01]. Stromal and epithelial CD24 expression was positively associated with NDA (β per 10% increase = 0.35 [0.2 × 10-2; 0.70] and β per 10% increase = 0.34 [0.11; 0.57], respectively). CONCLUSION Expression of stem cell markers is associated with MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Divya Murthy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matt B Mahoney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Yaghjyan L, Heng YJ, Baker GM, Bret-Mounet VC, Murthy D, Mahoney MB, Rosner B, Tamimi RM. Associations of reproductive breast cancer risk factors with expression of stem cell markers in benign breast tissue. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1354094. [PMID: 38577336 PMCID: PMC10991780 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1354094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the associations of reproductive factors known to influence breast cancer risk with the expression of breast stem cell markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 in benign breast biopsy samples. Methods We included 439 cancer-free women with biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. The data on reproductive and other breast cancer risk factors were obtained from biennial questionnaires. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays. For each core, the IHC expression was assessed using a semi-automated platform and expressed as % of cells that stained positive for a specific marker out of the total cell count. Generalized linear regression was used to examine the associations of reproductive factors with a log-transformed expression of each marker (in epithelium and stroma), adjusted for other breast cancer risk factors. Results In multivariate analysis, the time between menarche and age at first birth was inversely associated with CD44 in epithelium (β per 5 years = -0.38, 95% CI -0.69; -0.06). Age at first birth and the time between menarche and age at first birth were inversely associated with ALDH1A1 (stroma: β per 5 years = -0.43, 95% CI -0.76; -0.10 and β = -0.47, 95% CI -0.79; -0.15, respectively; epithelium: β = -0.15, 95% CI -0.30; -0.01 and β = -0.17, 95% CI -0.30; -0.03, respectively). Time since last pregnancy was inversely associated with stromal ALDH1A1 (β per 5 years = -0.55, 95% CI -0.98; -0.11). No associations were found for CD24. The observed associations were similar in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, lifetime duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with stromal ALDH1A1 expression (β for ≥24 vs. 0 to <1 months = -2.24, 95% CI 3.96; -0.51, p-trend = 0.01). Conclusion Early-life reproductive factors may influence CD44 and ALDH1A1 expression in benign breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vanessa C Bret-Mounet
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Divya Murthy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matt B Mahoney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Antoszewski B, Kasielska-Trojan A, Jones TE, Danilewicz M, Jones MW. The Immunohistochemical Profile of Mammary Tissue in Women With Macromastia and Its Potential Clinical Implications. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae026. [PMID: 38437158 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Macromastia is an excessive, rapid, or slow growth of breast tissue in 1 or both breasts. While macromastia represents a benign lesion, it may cause breast, shoulder, back, and neck pain, poor posture, infections, and loss of nipple sensation. The pathogenesis of macromastia or hypertrophy of mammary tissue remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of several hormone receptors that may potentially influence the growth of breast tissue in women with macromastia. Immunohistochemical studies performed on representative sections of breast tissue from 63 patients diagnosed with macromastia included estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor (AR), prolactin receptor, growth hormone receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. The expression of each stain was evaluated separately in the glandular epithelium and adipose tissue and calculated as an H-score. We observed that AR expression in breast glandular and adipose tissue in women with macromastia was significantly lower than benign, nonhypertrophic breast tissue of a control group. Although the analyses were controlled for the age, the fact the mean age and hormonal status differed between the patients and the controls could have affected the results. Additional large studies will be required to further verify this finding and increase the knowledge about the etiology of this condition and then guide pharmacological treatment of juvenile and/or idiopathic gigantomastia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Antoszewski
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Institute of Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Kasielska-Trojan
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Institute of Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Terri E Jones
- Department of Pathology, the Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Marian Danilewicz
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mirka W Jones
- Department of Pathology, the Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Yaghjyan L, Heng YJ, Baker GM, Murthy D, Mahoney MB, Rosner B, Tamimi RM. Associations of stem cell markers in benign breast tissue with subsequent breast cancer risk. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:6280-6289. [PMID: 38187066 PMCID: PMC10767353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined associations of stem cell markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 in benign breast biopsy samples with subsequent breast cancer (BCa) risk and explored if these associations were mediated by mammographic breast density (MBD). We included 101 BCa cases/375 controls, all with previous biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease (BBD) within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. The data on BCa risk factors were obtained from biennial questionnaires. MBD was assessed with computer-assisted techniques. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done on BBD tissue microarrays. For each core, the IHC expression was assessed using a semi-automated method, and expressed as % of cells that stained positive for a specific marker out of the total cell count. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of each marker's expression of each (in epithelium and stroma) with BCa risk, adjusted for risk factors. Stromal CD44 expression was inversely associated with BCa risk (OR for ≥10% vs. <10%=0.58, 95% CI 0.34, 1.00). Combined stromal + epithelial CD24 expression was inversely associated with BCa risk (>50% vs. 0-10% OR=0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.81, p-trend =0.03). Stromal CD24 and ALDH1A1 as well as epithelial expression of any of the three markers were not associated with BCa risk. In a smaller subset of women with available MBD, these observed associations did not appear to be mediated by MBD. Our findings suggest inverse associations of CD44 in stroma and combined stromal + epithelial CD24 with BCa risk. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to examine these associations by BBD subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Divya Murthy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Matt B Mahoney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell MedicineNew York, NY, USA
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Franco AFDV, Malinverni ACM, Waitzberg AFL. Immunoexpression of HER2 pathway related markers in HER2 invasive breast carcinomas treated with trastuzumab. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 252:154917. [PMID: 37977031 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the immunoexpression of potential markers involved in the HER2 pathway in invasive breast carcinoma with HER2 amplification treated with trastuzumab. METHODS Samples of ninety patients diagnosed and treated at two public Brazilian hospitals with overexpressed invasive carcinoma between 2009 and 2018 were included. Several markers (Bcl-2, CDK4, cyclin D1, EGFR, IGF1, IGF-1R, MDM2, MUC4, p16, p21, p27, p53, PTEN, RA, TNFα, and VEGF) were immune analyzed in the tumor by immunohistochemistry and then correlated with clinicopathological variables. RESULTS Tumor sample expression results determined potential markers of good prognosis with statistically significant values: cyclin D1 with a nuclear grade, and recurrence; IGF-1 with tumor size, and death; p16 with a response after treatment; PTEN with a response after treatment, and death. Markers of poor prognosis: p53 with histological, and nuclear grade; IGF-1R with a compromised lymph node. The treatment resistance rate after trastuzumab was 40%; the overall survival was 4.13 years (95% CI 5.1-12.5) and the disease-free survival was 3.6 years (95% CI 5.1-13.1). CONCLUSIONS The tumor samples profile demonstrated that cyclin D1, IGF-1, p16, and PTEN presented the potential for a good prognosis and p53 and IGF-1R for worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Fabiana do Vale Franco
- Pathology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista, de Medicina, Botucatu Street, 740, 1st Floor Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Federal, de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Pedro de Toledo Street, 781, 5th Floor - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Cristina Moraes Malinverni
- Pathology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista, de Medicina, Botucatu Street, 740, 1st Floor Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Federal, de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Pedro de Toledo Street, 781, 5th Floor - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Angela Flavia Logullo Waitzberg
- Pathology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista, de Medicina, Botucatu Street, 740, 1st Floor Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Universidade Federal, de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Pedro de Toledo Street, 781, 5th Floor - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Takeda T, Tsubaki M, Genno S, Tokunaga K, Tanaka R, Nishida S. HER3/Akt/mTOR pathway is a key therapeutic target for the reduction of triple‑negative breast cancer metastasis via the inhibition of CXCR4 expression. Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:80. [PMID: 37477145 PMCID: PMC10555474 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly metastatic subtype of breast cancer, and it has the worst prognosis among all subtypes of breast cancer. However, no effective systematic therapy is currently available for TNBC metastasis. Therefore, novel therapies targeting the key molecular mechanisms involved in TNBC metastasis are required. The present study examined whether the expression levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) were associated with the metastatic phenotype of TNBC, and evaluated the potential of HER3 as a therapeutic target in vitro and in vivo. A new highly metastatic 4T1 TNBC cell line, termed 4T1‑L8, was established. The protein expression levels in 4T1‑L8 cells were measured using luminex magnetic bead assays and western blot analysis. The HER3 expression levels and distant metastasis‑free survival (DMFS) in TNBC were analyzed using Kaplan‑Meier Plotter. Transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to detect migration and invasion. The anti‑metastatic effects were determined in an experimental mouse model of metastasis. The results revealed that the increased expression of the HER3/Akt/mTOR pathway was associated with a greater level of cell migration, invasion and metastasis of TNBC cells. In addition, it was found that high expression levels of HER3 were associated with a poor DMFS. The inhibition of the HER3/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway decreased the migration, invasion and metastasis of TNBC cells by decreasing the expression of C‑X‑C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). Furthermore, treatment of metastatic TNBC cells with everolimus inhibited their migration, invasion and metastasis by decreasing CXCR4 expression. Thus, targeting the HER3/Akt/mTOR pathway opens up a new avenue for the development of therapeutics against TNBC metastasis; in addition, everolimus may prove to be an effective therapeutic agent for the suppression of TNBC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Takeda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shuji Genno
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kenta Tokunaga
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Remi Tanaka
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shozo Nishida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Yaghjyan L, Heng YJ, Baker GM, Rosner BA, Tamimi RM. Associations of alcohol consumption with breast tissue composition. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:33. [PMID: 36998083 PMCID: PMC10061845 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the associations of alcohol with percentage of epithelium, stroma, fibroglandular tissue (epithelium + stroma), and fat in benign breast biopsy samples. METHODS We included 857 cancer-free women with biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII cohorts. Percentage of each tissue was measured on whole slide images using a deep-learning algorithm and then log-transformed. Alcohol consumption (recent and cumulative average) was assessed with semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Regression estimates were adjusted for known breast cancer risk factors. All tests were 2-sided. RESULTS Alcohol was inversely associated with % of stroma and fibroglandular tissue (recent ≥ 22 g/day vs. none: stroma: β = - 0.08, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] - 0.13; - 0.03; fibroglandular: β = - 0.08, 95% CI - 0.13; - 0.04; cumulative ≥ 22 g/day vs. none: stroma: β = - 0.08, 95% CI - 0.13; - 0.02; fibroglandular: β = - 0.09, 95% CI - 0.14; - 0.04) and positively associated with fat % (recent ≥ 22 g/day vs. none: β = 0.30, 95% CI 0.03; 0.57; cumulative ≥ 22 g/day vs. none: β = 0.32, 95% CI 0.04; 0.61). In stratified analysis, alcohol consumption was not associated with tissue measures in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, cumulative alcohol use was inversely associated with % of stroma and fibroglandular tissue and positively associated with fat % (≥ 22 g/day vs. none: stroma: β = - 0.16, 95% CI - 0.28; - 0.07; fibroglandular: β = - 0.18, 95% CI - 0.28; - 0.07; fat: β = 0.61, 95% CI 0.01; 1.22), with similar results for recent alcohol use. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that alcohol consumption is associated with smaller % of stroma and fibroglandular tissue and a greater % of fat in postmenopausal women. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd., Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Powell M, Fuller S, Gunderson E, Benz C. A common IGF1R gene variant predicts later life breast cancer risk in women with preeclampsia. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 197:149-159. [PMID: 36331687 PMCID: PMC9823040 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preeclampsia has been inconsistently associated with altered later life risk of cancer. This study utilizes the Nurses' Health Study 2 (NHS2) to determine if the future risk of breast and non-breast cancers in women who experience preeclampsia is modified by carrying a protective variant of rs2016347, a functional insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF1R) single nucleotide polymorphism. METHODS This retrospective cohort study completed within the NHS2 evaluated participants enrolled in 1989 and followed them through 2015, with a study population of 86,751 after exclusions. Cox proportional hazards models both with and without the impact of rs2016347 genotype were used to assess the risk of invasive breast cancer, hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, and non-breast cancers. RESULTS Women with preeclampsia had no change in risk of all breast, HR+ breast, or non-breast cancers when not considering genotype. However, women carrying at least one T allele of rs2016347 had a lower risk of HR+ breast cancer, HR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47-0.97, P = 0.04, with interaction term P = 0.06. For non-breast cancers as a group, women carrying a T allele had an HR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.53-1.08, P = 0.12, with interaction term P = 0.26. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective cohort study found that women with preeclampsia who carry a T allele of IGF1R rs2016347 had a reduced future risk of developing HR+ breast cancer, and a reduced but not statistically significant decreased risk of non-breast cancers suggesting a possible role for the IGF-1 axis in the development of cancer in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Powell
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945 USA
| | - Sophia Fuller
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Graduate Group in Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Erica Gunderson
- grid.280062.e0000 0000 9957 7758Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA USA
| | - Christopher Benz
- grid.272799.00000 0000 8687 5377Buck Institute for Research On Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945 USA
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13
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Yaghjyan L, Heng YJ, Baker GM, Bret-Mounet V, Murthy D, Mahoney MB, Mu Y, Rosner B, Tamimi RM. Reliability of CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 immunohistochemical staining: Pathologist assessment compared to quantitative image analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1040061. [PMID: 36590957 PMCID: PMC9794585 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The data on the expression of stem cell markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 in the breast tissue of cancer-free women is very limited and no previous studies have explored the agreement between pathologist and computational assessments of these markers. We compared the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression assessment for CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 by an expert pathologist with the automated image analysis results and assessed the homogeneity of the markers across multiple cores pertaining to each woman. Methods We included 81 cancer-free women (399 cores) with biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII cohorts. IHC was conducted with commercial antibodies [CD44 (Dako, Santa Clara, CA, USA) 1:25 dilution; CD24 (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) 1:200 dilution and ALDH1A1 (Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom) 1:300 dilution]. For each core, the percent positivity was quantified by the pathologist and Definiens Tissue Studio. Correlations between pathologist and computational scores were evaluated with Spearman correlation (for categorical positivity: 0, >0-<1, 1-10, >10-50, and >50%) and sensitivity/specificity (for binary positivity defined with 1 and 10% cut-offs), using the pathologist scores as the gold standard. Expression homogeneity was examined with intra-class correlation (ICC). Analyses were stratified by core [normal terminal duct-lobular units (TDLUs), benign lesions] and tissue type (epithelium, stroma). Results Spearman correlation between pathologist and Definiens ranged between 0.40-0.64 for stroma and 0.66-0.68 for epithelium in normal TDLUs cores and between 0.24-0.60 for stroma and 0.61-0.64 for epithelium in benign lesions. For stroma, sensitivity and specificity ranged between 0.92-0.95 and 0.24-0.60, respectively, with 1% cut-off and between 0.43-0.88 and 0.73-0.85, respectively, with 10% cut-off. For epithelium, 10% cut-off resulted in better estimates for both sensitivity and specificity. ICC between the cores was strongest for CD44 for both stroma and epithelium in normal TDLUs cores and benign lesions (range 0.74-0.80). ICC for CD24 and ALDH1A ranged between 0.42-0.63 and 0.44-0.55, respectively. Conclusion Our findings show that computational assessments for CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 exhibit variable correlations with manual assessment. These findings support the use of computational platforms for IHC evaluation of stem cell markers in large-scale epidemiologic studies. Pilot studies maybe also needed to determine appropriate cut-offs for defining staining positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yujing J. Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gabrielle M. Baker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vanessa Bret-Mounet
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Divya Murthy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matt B. Mahoney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yi Mu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rulla M. Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Lee JS, Tocheny CE, Shaw LM. The Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: An Elusive Therapeutic Target. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121992. [PMID: 36556357 PMCID: PMC9782138 DOI: 10.3390/life12121992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway in breast cancer and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target. The IGF pathway ligands, IGF-1 and IGF-2, and their receptors, primarily IGF-1R, are important for normal mammary gland biology, and dysregulation of their expression and function drives breast cancer risk and progression through activation of downstream signaling effectors, often in a subtype-dependent manner. The IGF signaling pathway has also been implicated in resistance to current therapeutic strategies, including ER and HER2 targeting drugs. Unfortunately, efforts to target IGF signaling for the treatment of breast cancer have been unsuccessful, due to a number of factors, most significantly the adverse effects of disrupting IGF signaling on normal glucose metabolism. We highlight here the recent discoveries that provide enthusiasm for continuing efforts to target IGF signaling for the treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-508-856-8675; Fax: +1-508-856-1310
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15
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Baker GM, Bret-Mounet VC, Wang T, Veta M, Zheng H, Collins LC, Eliassen AH, Tamimi RM, Heng YJ. Immunohistochemistry scoring of breast tumor tissue microarrays: A comparison study across three software applications. J Pathol Inform 2022; 13:100118. [PMID: 36268097 PMCID: PMC9577037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2022.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital pathology can efficiently assess immunohistochemistry (IHC) data on tissue microarrays (TMAs). Yet, it remains important to evaluate the comparability of the data acquired by different software applications and validate it against pathologist manual interpretation. In this study, we compared the IHC quantification of 5 clinical breast cancer biomarkers-estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6)-across 3 software applications (Definiens Tissue Studio, inForm, and QuPath) and benchmarked the results to pathologist manual scores. IHC expression for each marker was evaluated across 4 TMAs consisting of 935 breast tumor tissue cores from 367 women within the Nurses' Health Studies; each women contributing three 0.6-mm cores. The correlation and agreement between manual and software-derived results were primarily assessed using Spearman's ρ, percentage agreement, and area under the curve (AUC). At the TMA core-level, the correlations between manual and software-derived scores were the highest for HER2 (ρ ranging from 0.75 to 0.79), followed by ER (0.69-0.71), PR (0.67-0.72), CK5/6 (0.43-0.47), and EGFR (0.38-0.45). At the case-level, there were good correlations between manual and software-derived scores for all 5 markers (ρ ranging from 0.43 to 0.82), where QuPath had the highest correlations. Software-derived scores were highly comparable to each other (ρ ranging from 0.80 to 0.99). The average percentage agreements between manual and software-derived scores were excellent for ER (90.8%-94.5%) and PR (78.2%-85.2%), moderate for HER2 (65.4%-77.0%), highly variable for EGFR (48.2%-82.8%), and poor for CK5/6 (22.4%-45.0%). All AUCs across markers and software applications were ≥0.83. The 3 software applications were highly comparable to each other and to manual scores in quantifying these 5 markers. QuPath consistently produced the best performance, indicating this open-source software is an excellent alternative for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M. Baker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa C. Bret-Mounet
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tengteng Wang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitko Veta
- Medical Image Analysis Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hanqiao Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura C. Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M. Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yujing J. Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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ZeinElAbdeen YA, AbdAlSeed A, Youness RA. Decoding Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway From a Non-coding RNAs Perspective: A Step Towards Precision Oncology in Breast Cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:79-99. [PMID: 35146629 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly complex and heterogenous disease. Several oncogenic signaling pathways drive BC oncogenic activity, thus hindering scientists to unravel the exact molecular pathogenesis of such multifaceted disease. This highlights the urgent need to find a key regulator that tunes up such intertwined oncogenic drivers to trim the malignant transformation process within the breast tissue. The Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway is a tenacious axis that is heavily intertwined with BC where it modulates the amplitude and activity of vital downstream oncogenic signaling pathways. Yet, the complexity of the pathway and the interactions driven by its different members seem to aggravate its oncogenicity and hinder its target-ability. In this review, the authors shed the light on the stubbornness of the IGF signaling pathway and its potential regulation by non-coding RNAs in different BC subtypes. Nonetheless, this review also spots light on the possible transport systems available for efficient delivery of non-coding RNAs to their respective targets to reach a personalized treatment code for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Ahmed ZeinElAbdeen
- The Molecular Genetics Research Team, Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo CityCairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Amna AbdAlSeed
- The Molecular Genetics Research Team, Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo CityCairo, 11835, Egypt
- University of Khartoum, Al-Gama a Avenue, 11115, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rana A Youness
- The Molecular Genetics Research Team, Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo CityCairo, 11835, Egypt.
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, 11586, Egypt.
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17
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Kasielska-Trojan A, Danilewicz M, Strużyna J, Bugaj M, Antoszewski B. The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in gigantomastia. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1016-1020. [PMID: 35832720 PMCID: PMC9266871 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.88280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gigantomastia is a rare condition characterised by excessive breast growth. The pathophysiology of mammary enlargement varies depending on the type of gigantomastia: gestational, juvenile virginal, or idiopathic. The study aimed at examining the receptor status (oestrogen receptor α (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR)) of breast tissue in adult women with juvenile or idiopathic gigantomastia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 70 women who underwent breast reduction due to juvenile or idiopathic gigantomastia. Control breast specimens were obtained from 18 female cadavers. ERα and PR expressions were detected immunohistochemically in breast gland samples. RESULTS Categorised and uncategorised ERα and PR expression did not differ between women with gigantomastia and control women. It was found that in both groups weak (0-30%) ERα and PR expression was the most common. Analysis of categorised data also did not reveal any significant correlations between ERα or PR and the women's age: for the whole group: p = 0.795 (ERα), p = 0.207 (PR), for women with gigantomastia: p = 0.934 (ERα), p = 0.43 (PR), and for control women: p = 0.638 (ERα), p = 0.805 (PR). CONCLUSIONS Gigantomastia is not caused by increased expression of ERα and PR. Analysing abnormal sensitivity of these receptors to hormones may be crucial in establishing the increased risk of breast cancer in women with gigantomastia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kasielska-Trojan
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy Strużyna
- Eastern Centre of the Burns Treatment and Reconstructive Surgery, Łęczna, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bugaj
- Eastern Centre of the Burns Treatment and Reconstructive Surgery, Łęczna, Poland
| | - Bogusław Antoszewski
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Simonov M, Vlizlo V, Stybel V, Peleno R, Salata V, Matviishyn T, Кhimych M, Gorobei O. Levels of insulin-like growth factor in bovine, goat, and sheep milk in different lactation periods: The etiological factor of cancer in humans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2021.246-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite the positive aspects of consuming dairy products, there are also some reservations. Recently, a large number of publications have demonstrated convincing evidence of a relationship between the intake of dairy products and the development of cancer in humans. This study aimed to determine the level of insulin-like growth factor [IGF], which can cause cancer in consumers, in the milk of farm animals (cows, goats, and sheep) obtained at different stages of lactation.
Materials and Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and statistical method were used for data processing. The IGF level in milk was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Milk was collected from cows of Holstein and Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, goats of Alpine and Saanen breed, and sheep of Tsigai and East Friesian breed. Milk samples in cows were collected at the beginning, on the peak, and at the end of lactation.
Results: The obtained results showed that the highest IGF level was detected in milk obtained at the beginning of lactation, but its level depended on the animal species. More specifically, the highest level of the hormone was typical for goat's milk and for cow's milk of Holstein breed. Slightly lower values were revealed in the milk of cows of Black-and-White Ukrainian breed and sheep. During lactation, the absolute content of IGF in the milk of all studied animal species decreased. It should be noted that the most pronounced decrease in the IGF level in milk during lactation was noted in sheep (25-40 times), and minor changes were observed in goats (12-14 times). The results also showed that there were individual variations in the IGF level in milk in farm animals.
Conclusion: The highest IGF level was noted in goat's milk, and the lowest level was observed in sheep's milk. Cow's milk, in this regard, had an intermediate IGF level. The level of this particular hormone depends on the period of lactation and the individual characteristics of the animal. It is advisable to include IGF as one of the assessment factors of dairy products' safety because this hormone can cause cancer in consumers of milk and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Simonov
- Faculty of Social Development and Health, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Vlizlo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Stybel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Ruslan Peleno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Salata
- Faculty of Social Development and Health, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Taras Matviishyn
- Faculty of Social Development and Health, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Кhimych
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Odesa State Agrarian University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Gorobei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Odesa State Agrarian University, Odesa, Ukraine
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19
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Yaghjyan L, Austin-Datta RJ, Oh H, Heng YJ, Vellal AD, Sirinukunwattana K, Baker GM, Collins LC, Murthy D, Rosner B, Tamimi RM. Associations of reproductive breast cancer risk factors with breast tissue composition. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:70. [PMID: 34225771 PMCID: PMC8258947 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the associations of reproductive factors with the percentage of epithelium, stroma, and fat tissue in benign breast biopsy samples. METHODS This study included 983 cancer-free women with biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease (BBD) within the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II cohorts. The percentage of each tissue type (epithelium, stroma, and fat) was measured on whole-section images with a deep-learning technique. All tissue measures were log-transformed in all the analyses to improve normality. The data on reproductive variables and other breast cancer risk factors were obtained from biennial questionnaires. Generalized linear regression was used to examine the associations of reproductive factors with the percentage of tissue types, while adjusting for known breast cancer risk factors. RESULTS As compared to parous women, nulliparous women had a smaller percentage of epithelium (β = - 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.41, - 0.11) and fat (β = - 0.34, 95% CI - 0.54, - 0.13) and a greater percentage of stroma (β = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.08). Among parous women, the number of children was inversely associated with the percentage of stroma (β per child = - 0.01, 95% CI - 0.02, - 0.00). The duration of breastfeeding of ≥ 24 months was associated with a reduced proportion of fat (β = - 0.30, 95% CI - 0.54, - 0.06; p-trend = 0.04). In a separate analysis restricted to premenopausal women, older age at first birth was associated with a greater proportion of epithelium and a smaller proportion of stroma. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that being nulliparous as well as having a fewer number of children (both positively associated with breast cancer risk) is associated with a smaller proportion of epithelium and a greater proportion of stroma, potentially suggesting the importance of epithelial-stromal interactions. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Austin-Datta
- College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Hannah Oh
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adithya D Vellal
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Korsuk Sirinukunwattana
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Divya Murthy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Santandrea G, Bellarosa C, Gibertoni D, Cucchi MC, Sanchez AM, Franceschini G, Masetti R, Foschini MP. Hormone Receptor Expression Variations in Normal Breast Tissue: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Observational Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050387. [PMID: 34066838 PMCID: PMC8150273 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal breast tissue undergoes great variations during a woman’s life as a consequence of the different hormonal stimulation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the hormonal receptor expression variations according to age, menstrual cycle, menopausal state and body mass index. To this purpose, 49 tissue samples of normal breast tissue, obtained during surgery performed for benign and malignant conditions, were immunostained with Estrogen (ER), Progesterone (PR) and Androgen receptors (AR). In addition, Ki67 and Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein were studied. The data obtained revealed a great variability of hormone receptor expression. ER and AR generally increased in older and post-menopausal women, while young women presented a higher proliferative rate, evaluated with Ki67. PR increase was observed in women with BMI higher than 25. The different hormonal receptor expression could favor the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Santandrea
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Bellarosa
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Dino Gibertoni
- Unit of Hygiene and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maria C. Cucchi
- Breast Surgery Unit, Bellaria Hospital, AUSL Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alejandro M. Sanchez
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center–Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (M.P.F.); Tel.: +39-051-622-5523 (M.P.F.); Fax: +39-051-622-5759 (M.P.F.)
| | - Gianluca Franceschini
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center–Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center–Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Maria P. Foschini
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (M.P.F.); Tel.: +39-051-622-5523 (M.P.F.); Fax: +39-051-622-5759 (M.P.F.)
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21
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Cirillo F, Catellani C, Lazzeroni P, Sartori C, Street ME. The Role of MicroRNAs in Influencing Body Growth and Development. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:7-15. [PMID: 31914447 DOI: 10.1159/000504669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Body growth and development are regulated among others by genetic and epigenetic factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators of gene expression that act at the post-transcriptional level, thereby exerting a strong influence on regulatory gene networks. Increasing studies suggest the importance of miRNAs in the regulation of the growth plate and growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis during the life course in a broad spectrum of animal species, contributing to longitudinal growth. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in regulating growth in different in vitro and in vivo models acting on GH, GH receptor (GHR), IGFs, and IGF1R genes besides current knowledge in humans, and highlights that this regulatory system is of importance for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Catellani
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pietro Lazzeroni
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartori
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy,
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22
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Beca F, Oh H, Collins LC, Tamimi RM, Schnitt SJ. The impact of mammographic screening on the subsequent breast cancer risk associated with biopsy-proven benign breast disease. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 33674619 PMCID: PMC7935945 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the risk of breast cancer following a benign breast disease (BBD) diagnosis were derived predominantly from populations of women biopsied before the widespread use of mammographic screening and in whom these lesions were mostly incidental findings. Whether or not similar risk associations are seen when these lesions are detected in mammographically screened populations is unknown. To address this, we examined the variation in BBD and breast cancer risk associations by the calendar time of BBD diagnosis (pre- vs. post-mammography era [before vs. 1985 and after]) in a nested case–control study within the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII BBD subcohort (488 cases; 1908 controls). We performed logistic regression analysis, adjusting for matching factors and potential confounders, to estimate odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between BBD subtype (non-proliferative, proliferative without atypia, proliferative with atypical hyperplasia (AH)) and subsequent breast cancer risk. When compared with non-proliferative lesions, both proliferative lesions without atypia (PWA) and AHs were associated with similar levels of risk in the pre-mammographic (pre) and post-mammographic (post) time periods (PWA: OR [95% CI] = 1.73 [1.27, 2.36] pre vs. 1.12 [0.73, 1.74] post; AH: 4.41 [2.90, 6.70] pre vs. 3.69 [2.21, 6.15] post). The interaction by mammography era was not statistically significant (p-interaction = 0.47). These results suggest that the risk associations reported for BBD subtypes in the pre-mammography era remain valid for BBD detected after the widespread implementation of mammographic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Beca
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart J Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Oh H, Yaghjyan L, Austin-Datta RJ, Heng YJ, Baker GM, Sirinukunwattana K, Vellal AD, Collins LC, Murthy D, Eliassen AH, Rosner BA, Tamimi RM. Early-Life and Adult Adiposity, Adult Height, and Benign Breast Tissue Composition. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 30:608-615. [PMID: 33288551 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life and adult anthropometrics are associated with breast density and breast cancer risk. However, little is known about whether these factors also influence breast tissue composition beyond what is captured by breast density among women with benign breast disease (BBD). METHODS This analysis included 788 controls from a nested case-control study of breast cancer within the Nurses' Health Study BBD subcohorts. Body fatness at ages 5 and 10 years was recalled using a 9-level pictogram. Weight at age 18, current weight, and height were reported via questionnaires. A deep-learning image analysis was used to quantify the percentages of epithelial, fibrous stromal, and adipose tissue areas within BBD slides. We performed linear mixed models to estimate beta coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the relationships between anthropometrics and the log-transformed percentages of individual tissue type, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS Childhood body fatness (level ≥ 4.5 vs. 1), BMI at age 18 (≥23 vs. <19 kg/m2), and current adult BMI (≥30 vs. <21 kg/m2) were associated with higher proportions of adipose tissue [β (95% CI) = 0.34 (0.03, 0.65), 0.19 (-0.04-0.42), 0.40 (0.12, 0.68), respectively] and lower proportions of fibrous stromal tissue [-0.05 (-0.10, 0.002), -0.03 (-0.07, 0.003), -0.12 (-0.16, -0.07), respectively] during adulthood (all P trend < 0.04). BMI at age 18 was also inversely associated with epithelial tissue (P trend = 0.03). Adult height was not associated with any of the individual tissue types. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that body fatness has long-term impacts on breast tissue composition. IMPACT This study contributes to our understanding of the link between body fatness and breast cancer risk.See related commentary by Oskar et al., p. 590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rebecca J Austin-Datta
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Korsuk Sirinukunwattana
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adithya D Vellal
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Divya Murthy
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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24
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Wetstein SC, Onken AM, Luffman C, Baker GM, Pyle ME, Kensler KH, Liu Y, Bakker B, Vlutters R, van Leeuwen MB, Collins LC, Schnitt SJ, Pluim JPW, Tamimi RM, Heng YJ, Veta M. Deep learning assessment of breast terminal duct lobular unit involution: Towards automated prediction of breast cancer risk. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231653. [PMID: 32294107 PMCID: PMC7159218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) involution is the regression of milk-producing structures in the breast. Women with less TDLU involution are more likely to develop breast cancer. A major bottleneck in studying TDLU involution in large cohort studies is the need for labor-intensive manual assessment of TDLUs. We developed a computational pathology solution to automatically capture TDLU involution measures. Whole slide images (WSIs) of benign breast biopsies were obtained from the Nurses' Health Study. A set of 92 WSIs was annotated for acini, TDLUs and adipose tissue to train deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models for detection of acini, and segmentation of TDLUs and adipose tissue. These networks were integrated into a single computational method to capture TDLU involution measures including number of TDLUs per tissue area, median TDLU span and median number of acini per TDLU. We validated our method on 40 additional WSIs by comparing with manually acquired measures. Our CNN models detected acini with an F1 score of 0.73±0.07, and segmented TDLUs and adipose tissue with Dice scores of 0.84±0.13 and 0.87±0.04, respectively. The inter-observer ICC scores for manual assessments on 40 WSIs of number of TDLUs per tissue area, median TDLU span, and median acini count per TDLU were 0.71, 0.81 and 0.73, respectively. Intra-observer reliability was evaluated on 10/40 WSIs with ICC scores of >0.8. Inter-observer ICC scores between automated results and the mean of the two observers were: 0.80 for number of TDLUs per tissue area, 0.57 for median TDLU span, and 0.80 for median acini count per TDLU. TDLU involution measures evaluated by manual and automated assessment were inversely associated with age and menopausal status. We developed a computational pathology method to measure TDLU involution. This technology eliminates the labor-intensiveness and subjectivity of manual TDLU assessment, and can be applied to future breast cancer risk studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C. Wetstein
- Medical Image Analysis Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Allison M. Onken
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christina Luffman
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle M. Baker
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Pyle
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin H. Kensler
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ying Liu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bart Bakker
- Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Vlutters
- Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Laura C. Collins
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stuart J. Schnitt
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute-Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Josien P. W. Pluim
- Medical Image Analysis Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rulla M. Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yujing J. Heng
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mitko Veta
- Medical Image Analysis Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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25
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Powell MJ, Dufault SM, Henry JE, Allison AC, Cora R, Benz CC. Pregnancy Hypertension and a Commonly Inherited IGF1R Variant (rs2016347) Reduce Breast Cancer Risk by Enhancing Mammary Gland Involution. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:6018432. [PMID: 31687025 PMCID: PMC6800903 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6018432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) are the anatomic sites of breast cancer initiation, and breast tissue involution resulting in lower TDLU counts has been associated with decreased breast cancer risk. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway plays a role in breast involution, and systemic changes in this developmental pathway occur with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), which have also been associated with lower breast cancer risk, especially in women carrying a functional variant of IGF1R SNP rs2016347. We proposed that this breast cancer protective effect might be explained by increased breast tissue involution. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the Komen Tissue Bank, which collects breast tissue core biopsies from women without a history of breast cancer. Eighty white non-Hispanic women with a history of HDP were selected along with 120 nonexposed participants, and after genotyping for rs2016347, TDLU parameters were histologically measured blinded to participant characteristics from fixed biopsy sections. RESULTS Stratified models by HDP status demonstrated that among HDP+ participants, those carrying two T alleles of rs2016347 had a decrease in TDLU counts of 53.2% when compared to those with no T alleles (p=0.049). Trend analysis demonstrated a multiplicative decrease in counts of 31.6% per T allele (p=0.050). Although no statistically significant interaction was seen between HDP status and T alleles, interaction terms showed increasingly negative values reaching a p value of 0.124 for HDP × 2T alleles. CONCLUSIONS The observed statistically significant decrease in TDLU counts signifies increased breast epithelial involution in women with prior HDP who inherited the TT genotype of IGF1R SNP rs2016347. The increasing degree of breast involution with greater rs2016347 T allele copy number is consistent with the known progressive reduction in IGF1R expression in breast and other normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Powell
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Zero Breast Cancer, San Rafael, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Dufault
- Graduate Group in Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jill E. Henry
- Susan G. Komen for the Cure® Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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26
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Kensler KH, Beca F, Baker GM, Heng YJ, Beck AH, Schnitt SJ, Hazra A, Rosner BA, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Brown M, Tamimi RM. Androgen receptor expression in normal breast tissue and subsequent breast cancer risk. NPJ Breast Cancer 2018; 4:33. [PMID: 30276234 PMCID: PMC6155011 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-018-0085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormone signaling is critical in the development of breast cancers, although the role of the androgen receptor remains unclear. This study evaluated androgen receptor (AR) expression in normal breast tissue as a potential marker of breast cancer risk. We conducted a nested case-control study of women with benign breast disease (BBD) within the Nurses' Health Studies. Epithelial AR expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in normal tissue from the BBD biopsy and the percent of positive nuclei was estimated in ordinal categories of 10% for 78 breast cancer cases and 276 controls. Logistic regression models adjusting for the matching factors and BBD lesion type were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between AR expression (tertiles: ≤10%, 11-30%, and >30%) and breast cancer risk. AR expression in normal breast tissue was not associated with subsequent breast cancer risk (ORT3vsT1 = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.4-1.8, p trend = 0.68). In comparison with low AR/low ER women, ORs of 0.4 (95% CI = 0.1-1.2) for high AR/high ER women, 1.8 (95% CI = 0.4-7.8) for low AR/high ER women, and 0.7 (95% CI = 0.3-1.6) for high AR/low ER women were observed (p interaction = 0.21). Ki67 did not modify the association between AR expression and breast cancer risk (p interaction = 0.75). There was little evidence for an overall association between AR expression in normal breast tissue and breast cancer risk. These findings did not show that the AR association varied by Ki67 expression in normal breast tissue, though there was suggestive heterogeneity by ER expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Kensler
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,2Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Francisco Beca
- 3Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035 USA
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- 4Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Yujing J Heng
- 4Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | | | - Stuart J Schnitt
- 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,7Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Aditi Hazra
- 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,8Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,9Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,10Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- 2Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,9Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- 2Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,9Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,11Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Myles Brown
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 USA.,5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- 2Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,9Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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27
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Qu X, Zhao B, Hu M, Ji Z, Xu J, Xia W, Qu Y. Downregulation of TBC1 Domain Family Member 24 (BC1D24) Inhibits Breast Carcinoma Growth via IGF1R/PI3K/AKT Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3987-3996. [PMID: 29893377 PMCID: PMC6029514 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TBC1 domain family member 24 (TBC1D24) pathogenic mutations affect its binding to ARF6 and then result in severe impairment of neuronal development. However, there are no reports about the expression and function of TBC1D24 in cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of proliferation, migration, and invasion after silencing TBC1D24 expression in breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and to elucidate the potential mechanism of TBC1D24 in breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of TBC1D24 in breast cancer tissues and the adjacent non-tumor tissues was determined by S-P immunohistochemistry. The malignant behavior, including proliferation, migration, and invasion ability, was determined after silencing TBC1D24 in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The expression of IGF1R was determined after silencing TBC1D24. The expression of TBC1D24 and IGF1R was detected after transfecting miR-30a mimics or inhibitors. The effect of TBC1D24 on MCF-7 cells growth in vivo was evaluated by a tumor xenograft study. RESULTS TBC1D24 expression was elevated and was associated with poor outcome in breast carcinoma. TBC1D24 high expression was significantly correlated with unfavorable OS and RFS for breast cancer patients (p<0.05). Silencing TBC1D24 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of MCF-7 cells. TBC1D24 and IGF1R expression were decreased when transfected with miR-30a mimics. However, TBC1D24 and IGF1R expression were increased when transfected with miR-30a inhibitors (p<0.05). Knockdown of TBC1D24 inhibited the expression of IGF1R, PI3K, and p-AKT (p<0.05). Knockdown of TBC1D24 abolished tumorigenicity of MCF-7 cells. The average volume and weight of tumors was lower after silencing TBC1D24 expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Silencing TBC1D24 inhibited MCF-7 cells growth in vitro and in vivo. TBC1D24 promoted breast carcinoma growth through the IGF1R/PI3K/AKT pathway. TBC1D24 is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiusheng Qu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Min Hu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiwu Ji
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Weibin Xia
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yikun Qu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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Khadge S, Thiele GM, Sharp JG, McGuire TR, Klassen LW, Black PN, DiRusso CC, Talmadge JE. Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate Mammary Gland Composition and Inflammation. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2018; 23:43-58. [PMID: 29574638 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in rodents have shown that dietary modifications as mammary glands (MG) develop, regulates susceptibility to mammary tumor initiation. However, the effects of dietary PUFA composition on MGs in adult life, remains poorly understood. This study investigated morphological alterations and inflammatory microenvironments in the MGs of adult mice fed isocaloric and isolipidic liquid diets with varying compositions of omega (ω)-6 and long-chain (Lc)-ω3FA that were pair-fed. Despite similar consumption levels of the diets, mice fed the ω-3 diet had significantly lower body-weight gains, and abdominal-fat and mammary fat pad (MFP) weights. Fatty acid analysis showed significantly higher levels of Lc-ω-3FAs in the MFPs of mice on the ω-3 diet, while in the MFPs from the ω-6 group, Lc-ω-3FAs were undetectable. Our study revealed that MGs from ω-3 group had a significantly lower ductal end-point density, branching density, an absence of ductal sprouts, a thinner ductal stroma, fewer proliferating epithelial cells and a lower transcription levels of estrogen receptor 1 and amphiregulin. An analysis of the MFP and abdominal-fat showed significantly smaller adipocytes in the ω-3 group, which was accompanied by lower transcription levels of leptin, IGF1, and IGF1R. Further, MFPs from the ω-3 group had significantly decreased numbers and sizes of crown-like-structures (CLS), F4/80+ macrophages and decreased expression of proinflammatory mediators including Ptgs2, IL6, CCL2, TNFα, NFκB, and IFNγ. Together, these results support dietary Lc-ω-3FA regulation of MG structure and density and adipose tissue inflammation with the potential for dietary Lc-ω-3FA to decrease the risk of mammary gland tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswoti Khadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - John Graham Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lynell W Klassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Concetta C DiRusso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Abstract
Regulation of body growth remains a fascinating and unresolved biological mystery. One key component of body growth is skeletal and longitudinal bone growth. Children grow taller because their bones grew longer, and the predominant driver of longitudinal bone growth is a cartilaginous structure found near the ends of long bone named the growth plate. Numerous recent studies have started to unveil the importance of microRNAs in regulation of growth plate functions, therefore contributing to regulation of linear growth. In addition to longitudinal growth, other organs in our body need to increase in size and cell number as we grow, and the regulation of organ growth involves both systemic factors like hormones; and other intrinsic mechanisms, which we are just beginning to understand. This review aims to summarize some recent important findings on how microRNAs are involved in both of these processes: the regulation of longitudinal bone growth, and the regulation of organs and overall body growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Lui
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, CRC Rm 1-3330, 10 Center Drive, MSC-1103, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1103, United States.
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30
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Oh H, Eliassen AH, Beck AH, Rosner B, Schnitt SJ, Collins LC, Connolly JL, Montaser-Kouhsari L, Willett WC, Tamimi RM. Breast cancer risk factors in relation to estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, and Ki67 expression in normal breast tissue. NPJ Breast Cancer 2017; 3:39. [PMID: 28979927 PMCID: PMC5624935 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-017-0041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that hormone receptor and Ki67 expression in normal breast tissue are associated with subsequent breast cancer risk. We examined the associations of breast cancer risk factors with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and Ki67 expression in normal breast tissue. This analysis included 388 women with benign breast disease (ages 17–67 years) in the Nurses’ Health Studies. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue microarrays constructed from benign biopsies containing normal breast epithelium and scored as the percentage of epithelial cells that were positively stained. Ordinal logistic regression (outcomes in tertiles), adjusting for age and potential confounders, was performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations with risk factors. Alcohol consumption was positively associated (≥2.5 vs.<0.4 drink/wk: OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.26–5.75, p-trend = 0.008) and breastfeeding was inversely associated (≥6 months vs. never: OR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.04–0.35, p-trend = 0.0003) with ER expression. Height (≥66 vs.<64 inches: OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.34–4.67, p-trend = 0.005) and BMI at age 18 (≥22 vs.<20 kg/m2: OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.18–4.62, p-trend = 0.01) were positively associated with PR expression. Body size at age 5–10 years was inversely associated with Ki67 (Level ≥ 2.5 vs. 1: OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.30–1.01, p-trend = 0.03). Premenopausal BMI (≥25 vs.<20 kg/m2) was positively associated with cytoplasmic IGF-1R (OR = 5.06, 95% CI = 1.17–21.8, p-trend = 0.04). Our data suggest that anthropometrics, breastfeeding, and alcohol intake may influence the molecular characteristics of normal breast tissue, elucidating the mechanisms by which these risk factors operate. However, larger studies are required to confirm these results. Body size, alcohol intake and breastfeeding may affect the molecular features of normal breast tissue to influence cancer risk. A team led by Hannah Oh from the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, USA, examined the link between behavioral and physiological risk factors for breast cancer and the expression levels of certain proteins (such as hormone receptors) that also promote cancer formation. By examining healthy breast tissue biopsied from 388 women diagnosed with benign breast diseases, the researchers showed that alcohol consumption, height and body mass index were all positively associated with the expression of various breast tissue markers, while breastfeeding and early-life body size were inversely associated. The findings point to a connection between lifestyle and breast tissue-specific molecular characteristics that underpin cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Oh
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Section of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,PathAI, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Stuart J Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - James L Connolly
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laleh Montaser-Kouhsari
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,Department of Pathology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Functional IGF1R variant predicts breast cancer risk in women with preeclampsia in California Teachers Study. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:1027-1032. [PMID: 28822014 PMCID: PMC5613056 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Hypertension in pregnancy has been associated with decreased future risk of breast cancer in many but not all studies. In the Marin Women’s Study, pregnancy-induced hypertension was shown to interact with the T allele of a functional IGF1R gene variant, rs2016347, to result in lower breast density, as well as decreased breast cancer risk. Our objective was to explore these findings in a larger sample of women from the California Teachers Study (CTS). Methods The CTS cohort consists of over 130,000 female educators. DNA was available from a nested case–control study, which included 2,030 non-Hispanic white women who developed breast cancer and 1,552 controls. The current study included all participants from the case–control group with a self-reported history of preeclampsia (80 cases/57 controls). Results Comparing TT to GG genotypes revealed adjusted odds ratios of 0.38 (CI 0.13, 1.14) for all invasive breast cancers, 0.26 (CI 0.07, 0.89) for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancers, 0.15 (CI 0.04, 0.56) for those with age at first birth (AFB) < 30, and 0.10 (CI 0.02, 0.49) for those with AFB < 30 and HR+ breast cancers. Trend analysis yielded p values of 0.09, 0.03, 0.005, and 0.004 respectively, suggesting a biological effect for each T allele. Conclusion Study findings indicate that the T allele of IGF1R variant rs2016347 is associated with a significant reduction in breast cancer risk in women with a history of preeclampsia, most marked for HR+ breast cancer and in women with AFB < 30.
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Al-Moghrabi NM. BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood cells and predisposition to breast cancer. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 12:189-193. [PMID: 31435238 PMCID: PMC6695050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Early onset breast cancer is a common malignancy and cause of death among young women in KSA. In addition, the data from women have demonstrated that most patients present late with an advanced stage. The early detection of this disease would not only save patients' lives but would also have the potential to reduce the budget and the time required for treating and nursing advanced breast cancer patients. This review highlights the risk of developing breast cancer in women with the methylated BRCA1 promoter in their white blood cells and proposes the potential use of this epigenetic modification as a powerful molecular marker for the early detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen M. Al-Moghrabi
- Cancer Epigenetic Section, Molecular Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, KSA
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33
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Beca F, Kensler K, Glass B, Schnitt SJ, Tamimi RM, Beck AH. EZH2 protein expression in normal breast epithelium and risk of breast cancer: results from the Nurses' Health Studies. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:21. [PMID: 28253895 PMCID: PMC5335498 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a polycomb-group protein that is involved in stem cell renewal and carcinogenesis. In breast cancer, increased EZH2 expression is associated with aggressiveness and has been suggested to identify normal breast epithelium at increased risk of breast cancer development. However, the association between EZH2 expression in benign breast tissue and breast cancer risk has not previously been evaluated in a large prospective cohort. METHODS We examined the association between EZH2 protein expression and subsequent breast cancer risk using logistic regression in a nested case-control study of benign breast disease (BBD) and breast cancer within the Nurses' Health Studies. EZH2 immunohistochemical expression in normal breast epithelium and stroma was evaluated by computational image analysis and its association with breast cancer risk was analyzed after adjusting for matching factors between cases and controls, the concomitant BBD diagnosis, and the Ki67 proliferation index. RESULTS Women with a breast biopsy in which more than 20% of normal epithelial cells expressed EZH2 had a significantly increased risk of developing breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) 2.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-7.84) compared to women with less than 10% EZH2 epithelial expression. The risk of developing breast cancer increased for each 5% increase in EZH2 expression (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.46, p value 0.026). Additionally, women with high EZH2 expression and low estrogen receptor (ER) expression had a 4-fold higher risk of breast cancer compared to women with low EZH2 and low ER expression (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.29-12.59). CONCLUSIONS These results provide further evidence that EZH2 expression in the normal breast epithelium is independently associated with breast cancer risk and might be used to assist in risk stratification for women with benign breast biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Beca
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, 02215, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.
| | - Kevin Kensler
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Glass
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Stuart J Schnitt
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
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34
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Cohen K, Liu Y, Luo J, Appleton CM, Colditz GA. Plasma carotenoids and the risk of premalignant breast disease in women aged 50 and younger: a nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 162:571-580. [PMID: 28190250 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association of plasma carotenoids, micronutrients in fruits, and vegetables, with risk of premalignant breast disease (PBD) in younger women. METHODS Blood samples were collected at the Siteman Cancer Center between 2008 and 2012 from 3537 women aged 50 or younger with no history of cancer or PBD. The analysis included 147 participants diagnosed with benign breast disease or breast carcinoma in situ during a 27-month follow-up and 293 controls. Cases and controls were matched on age, race/ethnicity, and date of and fasting status at blood draw. Plasma carotenoids were quantified. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and linear regression to assess racial differences in plasma carotenoids. RESULTS The risk reduction between the highest and lowest tertiles varied by carotenoid, with β-cryptoxanthin having the greatest reduction (OR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.62-1.09; P trend = 0.056) and total carotenoids the least (OR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.48-1.44; P trend = 0.12). We observed an inverse association between plasma carotenoids and risk of PBD in obese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; 61 cases and 115 controls) but not lean women (BMI < 25 kg/m2; 54 cases and 79 controls), although the interaction was not statistically significant. Compared to white women, black women had lower levels of α and β-carotene and higher levels of β-cryptoxanthin and lutein/zeaxanthin. CONCLUSIONS We observed suggestive inverse associations between plasma carotenoids and risk of PBD in younger women, consistent with inverse associations reported for invasive breast cancer. Carotenoids may play a role early in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cohen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center Biostatistics Shared Resource, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Catherine M Appleton
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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35
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Oh H, Eliassen AH, Wang M, Smith-Warner SA, Beck AH, Schnitt SJ, Collins LC, Connolly JL, Montaser-Kouhsari L, Polyak K, Tamimi RM. Expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Ki67 in normal breast tissue in relation to subsequent risk of breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2016; 2. [PMID: 28111631 PMCID: PMC5243126 DOI: 10.1038/npjbcancer.2016.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and cell proliferation marker Ki67 serve as predictive and prognostic factors in breast cancers, little is known about their roles in normal breast tissue. Here in a nested case–control study within the Nurses’ Health Studies (90 cases, 297 controls), we evaluated their expression levels in normal breast epithelium in relation to subsequent breast cancer risk among women with benign breast disease. Tissue microarrays were constructed using cores obtained from benign biopsies containing normal terminal duct lobular units and immunohistochemical stained for these markers. We found PR and Ki67 expression was non-significantly but positively associated with subsequent breast cancer risk, whereas ER expression was non-significantly inversely associated. After stratifying by lesion subtype, Ki67 was significantly associated with higher risk among women with proliferative lesions with atypical hyperplasia. However, given the small sample size, further studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Oh
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart J Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James L Connolly
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laleh Montaser-Kouhsari
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Villa-Osaba A, Gahete MD, Cordoba-Chacon J, de Lecea L, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Fasting modulates GH/IGF-I axis and its regulatory systems in the mammary gland of female mice: Influence of endogenous cortistatin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 434:14-24. [PMID: 27291340 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are essential factors in mammary-gland (MG) development and are altered during fasting. However, no studies have investigated the alterations in the expression of GH/IGF-I and its regulatory systems (somatostatin/cortistatin and ghrelin) in MG during fasting. Therefore, this study was aimed at characterizing the regulation of GH/IGF-I/somatostatin/cortistatin/ghrelin-systems expression in MG of fasted female-mice (compared to fed-controls) and the influence of endogenous-cortistatin (using cortistatin-knockouts). Fasting decreased IGF-I while increased IGF-I/Insulin-receptors expression in MGs. Fasting provoked an increase in GH expression that might be associated to enhanced ghrelin-variants/ghrelin-O-acyl-transferase enzyme expression, while an upregulation of somatostatin-receptors was observed. However, cortistatin-knockouts mice showed a decrease in GH and somatostatin receptor-subtypes expression. Altogether, we demonstrate that GH/IGF-I, somatostatin/cortistatin and ghrelin systems expression is altered in MG during fasting, suggesting a relevant role in coordinating its response to metabolic stress, wherein endogenous cortistatin might be essential for an appropriate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Villa-Osaba
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Spain; CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Spain; CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Cordoba-Chacon
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Spain; CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Spain; CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Spain; CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain; ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
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37
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Peixoto Lira RC, Fedatto PF, Marco Antonio DS, Leal LF, Martinelli CE, de Castro M, Tucci S, Neder L, Ramalho L, Seidinger AL, Cardinalli I, Mastellaro MJ, Yunes JA, Brandalise SR, Tone LG, Rauber Antonini SR, Scrideli CA. IGF2 and IGF1R in pediatric adrenocortical tumors: roles in metastasis and steroidogenesis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:481-93. [PMID: 27185872 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of the IGF system observed in human tumors indicates a role in malignant cell transformation and in tumor cell proliferation. Although overexpression of the IGF2 and IGF1R genes was described in adrenocortical tumors (ACTs), few studies reported their profiles in pediatric ACTs. In this study, the IGF2 and IGF1R expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR according to the patient's clinical/pathological features in 60 pediatric ACT samples, and IGF1R protein was investigated in 45 samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Whole transcriptome and functional assays were conducted after IGF1R inhibition with OSI-906 in NCI-H295A cell line. Significant IGF2 overexpression was found in tumor samples when compared with non-neoplastic samples (P<0.001), significantly higher levels of IGF1R in patients with relapse/metastasis (P=0.031) and moderate/strong IGF1R immunostaining in 62.2% of ACTs, but no other relationship with patient survival and clinical/pathological features was observed. OSI-906 treatment downregulated genes associated with MAPK activity, induced limited reduction of cell viability and increased the apoptosis rate. After 24h, the treatment also decreased the expression of genes related to the steroid biosynthetic process, the protein levels of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), and androgen secretion in cell medium, supporting the role of IGF1R in steroidogenesis of adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Our data showed that the IGF1R overexpression could be indicative of aggressive ACTs in children. However, in vitro treatments with high concentrations of OSI-906 (>1μM) showed limited reduction of cell viability, suggesting that OSI-906 alone could not be a suitable therapy to abolish carcinoma cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régia Caroline Peixoto Lira
- Department of PediatricsRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paola Fernanda Fedatto
- Department of PediatricsRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Ferro Leal
- Department of PediatricsRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Martinelli
- Department of PediatricsRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Department of Internal MedicineRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio Tucci
- Department of SurgeryRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neder
- Department of PathologyRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandra Ramalho
- Department of PathologyRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Seidinger
- Boldrini Children CenterState University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izilda Cardinalli
- Boldrini Children CenterState University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José Mastellaro
- Boldrini Children CenterState University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Andres Yunes
- Boldrini Children CenterState University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Brandalise
- Boldrini Children CenterState University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of PediatricsRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Scrideli
- Department of PediatricsRibeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Huh SJ, Oh H, Peterson MA, Almendro V, Hu R, Bowden M, Lis RL, Cotter MB, Loda M, Barry WT, Polyak K, Tamimi RM. The Proliferative Activity of Mammary Epithelial Cells in Normal Tissue Predicts Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1926-34. [PMID: 26941287 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and proliferative activity of tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells are suggested to correlate with cancer risk. In this study, we investigated the association between breast cancer risk and the frequency of mammary epithelial cells expressing p27, estrogen receptor (ER), and Ki67 in normal breast tissue. We performed a nested case-control study of 302 women (69 breast cancer cases, 233 controls) who had been initially diagnosed with benign breast disease according to the Nurses' Health Studies. Immunofluorescence for p27, ER, and Ki67 was performed on tissue microarrays constructed from benign biopsies containing normal mammary epithelium and scored by computational image analysis. We found that the frequency of Ki67(+) cells was positively associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women [OR = 10.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.12-48.0]. Conversely, the frequency of ER(+) or p27(+) cells was inversely, but not significantly, associated with subsequent breast cancer risk (ER(+): OR = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.33-1.50; p27(+): OR = 0.89, 95% CI, 0.45-1.75). Notably, high Ki67(+)/low p27(+) and high Ki67(+)/low ER(+) cell frequencies were significantly associated with a 5-fold higher risk of breast cancer compared with low Ki67(+)/low p27(+) and low Ki67(+)/low ER(+) cell frequencies, respectively, among premenopausal women (Ki67(hi)/p27(lo): OR = 5.08, 95% CI, 1.43-18.1; Ki67(hi)/ER(lo): OR = 4.68, 95% CI, 1.63-13.5). Taken together, our data suggest that the fraction of actively cycling cells in normal breast tissue may represent a marker for breast cancer risk assessment, which may therefore impact the frequency of screening procedures in at-risk women. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1926-34. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Huh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah Oh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael A Peterson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa Almendro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rosina L Lis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maura B Cotter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William T Barry
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Jaillardon L, Abadie J, Godard T, Campone M, Loussouarn D, Siliart B, Nguyen F. The dog as a naturally-occurring model for insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor-overexpressing breast cancer: an observational cohort study. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:664. [PMID: 26449867 PMCID: PMC4598970 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dogs spontaneously develop invasive mammary carcinoma with a high prevalence of the triple-negative (TN) subtype (lack of ER-Estrogen Receptor and PR-Progesterone Receptor expression, lack of HER2-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 overexpression), making this animal model relevant for investigating new therapeutic pathways. Insulin-like growth factor Type-1 receptor (IGF1R) is frequently overexpressed in primary human breast cancers, with a growing role in the TN phenotype. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Dog as a candidate model for IGF1R-overexpressing mammary carcinoma. METHODS 150 bitches with canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) and a known 2-year follow-up were retrospectively included. IGF1R expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a similar scoring system as for HER2 in breast cancer. The prognostic value of the IGF1R expression was assessed in terms of overall and specific survival as well as disease-free interval (DFI). RESULTS 47 CMC (31 %) were classified as luminal and 103 (69 %) as triple-negative (TN-CMC). 41 % of CMC overexpressed IGF1R (IHC score 3+) of which 76 % were TN-CMC and 62 % grade III. IGF1R overexpression was associated with aggressive features including lymphovascular invasion, histological grade III, low ER expression and the TN phenotype. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that IGF1R overexpression was associated with shorter overall and specific survivals and shorter DFI in TN-CMC. CONCLUSIONS IGF1R overexpression is common and related to a poor outcome in canine invasive mammary carcinoma, particularly in the triple negative subtype, as in human breast cancer. Preclinical studies using the Dog as a spontaneous animal model could be considered to investigate new therapies targeting IGF1R in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Jaillardon
- Oniris, Université Nantes-Angers-Le Mans, Department of Human Health, Biomedical Research and Animal Models, AMaROC Unit and LDHvet laboratory, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Site de la Chantrerie, Route de Gachet, Nantes, F-44307, France.
| | - Jérome Abadie
- Oniris, Université Nantes-Angers-Le Mans, Department of Human Health, Biomedical Research and Animal Models, AMaROC Unit and LDHvet laboratory, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Site de la Chantrerie, Route de Gachet, Nantes, F-44307, France.
| | - Tiffanie Godard
- Oniris, Université Nantes-Angers-Le Mans, Department of Human Health, Biomedical Research and Animal Models, AMaROC Unit and LDHvet laboratory, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Site de la Chantrerie, Route de Gachet, Nantes, F-44307, France.
| | - Mario Campone
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Boulevard Jacques Monod Saint Herblain-Nantes cedex, Centre de Recherche du Cancer Nantes-Angers, UMR-INSERM U892/CNRS 6299, Nantes, F-44805, France.
| | - Delphine Loussouarn
- Hopital G&R Laënnec, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Saint Herblain-Nantes cedex, Nantes, F-44093, France.
| | - Brigitte Siliart
- Oniris, Université Nantes-Angers-Le Mans, Department of Human Health, Biomedical Research and Animal Models, AMaROC Unit and LDHvet laboratory, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Site de la Chantrerie, Route de Gachet, Nantes, F-44307, France.
| | - Frédérique Nguyen
- Oniris, Université Nantes-Angers-Le Mans, Department of Human Health, Biomedical Research and Animal Models, AMaROC Unit and LDHvet laboratory, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Site de la Chantrerie, Route de Gachet, Nantes, F-44307, France.
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ter Braak B, Siezen C, Speksnijder EN, Koedoot E, van Steeg H, Salvatori DCF, van de Water B, van der Laan JW. Mammary gland tumor promotion by chronic administration of IGF1 and the insulin analogue AspB10 in the p53R270H/⁺WAPCre mouse model. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:14. [PMID: 25848982 PMCID: PMC4349771 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin analogues are structurally modified molecules with altered pharmaco-kinetic and -dynamic properties compared to regular human insulin used by diabetic patients. While these compounds are tested for undesired mitogenic effects, an epidemiological discussion is ongoing regarding an association between insulin analogue therapy and increased cancer incidence, including breast cancer. Standard in vivo rodent carcinogenesis assays do not pick up this possible increased carcinogenic potential. METHODS Here we studied the role of insulin analogues in breast cancer development. For this we used the human relevant mammary gland specific p53R270H/⁺WAPCre mouse model. Animals received life long repeated treatment with four different insulin (-like) molecules: normal insulin, insulin glargine, insulin X10 (AspB10) or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). RESULTS Insulin-like molecules with strong mitogenic signaling, insulin X10 and IGF1, significantly decreased the time for tumor development. Yet, insulin glargine and normal insulin, did not significantly decrease the latency time for (mammary gland) tumor development. The majority of tumors had an epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype (EMT), irrespective of treatment condition. Enhanced extracellular signaling related kinase (Erk) or serine/threonine kinase (Akt) mitogenic signaling was in particular present in tumors from the insulin X10 and IGF1 treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that insulin-like molecules with enhanced mitogenic signaling increase the risk of breast cancer development. Moreover, the use of a tissue specific cancer model, like the p53R270H/⁺WAPCre mouse model, is relevant to assess the intrinsic pro-carcinogenic potential of mitogenic and non-mitogenic biologicals such as insulin analogues.
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Christopoulos PF, Msaouel P, Koutsilieris M. The role of the insulin-like growth factor-1 system in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:43. [PMID: 25743390 PMCID: PMC4335664 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IGF-1 is a potent mitogen of major importance in the mammary gland. IGF-1 binding to the cognate receptor, IGF-1R, triggers a signaling cascade leading to proliferative and anti-apoptotic events. Although many of the relevant molecular pathways and intracellular cascades remain to be elucidated, a growing body of evidence points to the important role of the IGF-1 system in breast cancer development, progression and metastasis. IGF-1 is a point of convergence for major signaling pathways implicated in breast cancer growth. In this review, we provide an overview and concise update on the function and regulation of IGF-1 as well as the role it plays in breast malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis F Christopoulos
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece.
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Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway regulates critical biological processes including development, homeostasis, and aging. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in a myriad of diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders, making the IGF-1 signaling pathway a prime target to develop therapeutic and intervention strategies. Recently, small non-coding RNA molecules in ∼22 nucleotide length, microRNAs (miRNAs), have emerged as a new regulator of biological processes in virtually all organ systems and increasing studies are linking altered miRNA function to disease mechanisms. A miRNA binds to 3'UTRs of multiple target genes and coordinately downregulates their expression, thereby exerting a profound influence on gene regulatory networks. Here we review the components of the IGF-1 signaling pathway that are known targets of miRNA regulation, and highlight recent studies that suggest therapeutic potential of these miRNAs against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jin Jung
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York, NY, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York, NY, USA ; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York, NY, USA ; Institute for Aging Research, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York, NY, USA
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Al-Moghrabi N, Nofel A, Al-Yousef N, Madkhali S, Bin Amer SM, Alaiya A, Shinwari Z, Al-Tweigeri T, Karakas B, Tulbah A, Aboussekhra A. The molecular significance of methylated BRCA1 promoter in white blood cells of cancer-free females. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:830. [PMID: 25403427 PMCID: PMC4289167 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 promoter methylation has been detected in DNA from peripheral blood cells of both breast cancer patients and cancer-free females. However, the pathological significance of this epigenetic change in white blood cells (WBC) remains an open question. In this study, we hypothesized that if constitutional BRCA1 methylation reflects an elevated risk for developing breast cancer (BC), WBC that harbor methylated BRCA1 in both cancer-free females and BC patients should exhibit similar molecular changes. METHODS BRCA1 promoter methylation was examined by methylation-specific PCR in WBC from 155 breast cancer patients and 143 cancer-free females. The Human Breast Cancer EpiTect Methyl II Signature PCR Array and The Human Breast Cancer RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array were used to study the methylation status and the expression profile of several breast cancer-related genes, respectively. In addition, we used label-free MS-based technique to study protein expression in plasma. RESULTS We have shown that 14.2% of BC patients and 9.1% of cancer-free females (carriers) harbored methylated BRCA1 promoter in their WBC. Interestingly, 66.7% of patients harbored methylated BRCA1 promoter in both WBC and tumors. Importantly, we have shown the presence of epigenetic changes in 9 other BC-related genes in WBC of both patients and carriers. Additionally, BRCA1 and 15 other important cancer -related genes were found to be differentially expressed in WBC from patients and carriers as compared to controls. Furthermore, we have shown that the carriers exhibited a unique plasma protein pattern different from those of BC patients and controls, with 10 proteins similarly differentially expressed in patients and carriers as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest the presence of a strong link between aberrant methylation of the BRCA1 promoter in WBC and breast cancer -related molecular changes, which indicate the potential predisposition of the carriers for developing breast cancer. This informs the potential use of the aberrant methylation of BRCA1 promoter in WBC as a powerful non-invasive molecular marker for detecting predisposed individuals at a very early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Al-Moghrabi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO BOX 3354, 11211 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Nofel
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO BOX 3354, 11211 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nujoud Al-Yousef
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO BOX 3354, 11211 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Madkhali
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO BOX 3354, 11211 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suad M Bin Amer
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO BOX 3354, 11211 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayodele Alaiya
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO BOX 3354, 11211 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakia Shinwari
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO BOX 3354, 11211 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Taher Al-Tweigeri
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO BOX 3354, 11211 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bedri Karakas
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO BOX 3354, 11211 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO BOX 3354, 11211 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelilah Aboussekhra
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, PO BOX 3354, 11211 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kang HS, Ahn SH, Mishra SK, Hong KM, Lee ES, Shin KH, Ro J, Lee KS, Kim MK. Association of polymorphisms and haplotypes in the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) gene with the risk of breast cancer in Korean women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84532. [PMID: 24392142 PMCID: PMC3879335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway plays an important role in cancer biology. The IGF 1 receptor (IGF1R) overexpression has been associated with a number of hematological neoplasias and solid tumors including breast cancer. However, molecular mechanism involving IGF1R in carcinogenic developments is clearly not known. We investigated the genetic variations across the IGF1R polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer risk in Korean women. A total of 1418 individuals comprising 1026 breast cancer cases and 392 age-matched controls of Korean were included for the analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed on the GoldenGate Assay system by Illumina’s Custom Genetic Analysis service. SNPs were selected for linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis by Haploview. We genotyped total 51 SNPs in the IGF1R gene and examined for association with breast cancer. All the SNPs investigated were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These SNPs tested were significantly associated with breast cancer risk, after correction for multiple comparisons by adjusting for age at diagnosis, BMI, age at menarche, and age at first parturition. Among 51 IGF1R SNPs, five intron located SNPs (rs8032477, rs7175052, rs12439557, rs11635251 and rs12916884) with homozygous genotype (variant genotype) were associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. Fisher’s combined p-value for the five SNPs was 0.00032. Three intron located SNPs with heterozygous genotypes also had decreased risk of breast cancer. Seven of the 51 IGF1R SNPs were in LD and in one haplotype block, and were likely to be associated with breast cancer risk. Overall, this case-control study demonstrates statistically significant associations between breast cancer risk and polymorphisms in IGF1R gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sung Kang
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siddhartha Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Man Hong
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Shin
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsil Ro
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Seok Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Disis ML, Gad E, Herendeen DR, Lai VP, Park KH, Cecil DL, O'Meara MM, Treuting PM, Lubet RA. A multiantigen vaccine targeting neu, IGFBP-2, and IGF-IR prevents tumor progression in mice with preinvasive breast disease. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:1273-82. [PMID: 24154719 PMCID: PMC3864759 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A multiantigen multipeptide vaccine, targeting proteins expressed in preinvasive breast lesions, can stimulate type I CD4(+) T cells which have been shown to be deficient in both patients with breast cancer and mice that develop mammary tumors. Transgenic mice (TgMMTV-neu) were immunized with a multiantigen peptide vaccine specific for neu, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and insulin-like growth factor receptor-I at a time when some of the animals already had preinvasive lesions (18 weeks of age). Although immunization with each individual antigen was partially effective in inhibiting tumor growth, immunization with the multiantigen vaccine was highly effective, blocking development of palpable lesions in 65% of mice and slowing tumor growth in the infrequent palpable tumors, which did arise. Protection was mediated by CD4(+) T cells, and the few slow-growing tumors that did develop demonstrated a significant increase in intratumoral CD8(+) T cells as compared with controls (P = 0.0007). We also combined the vaccine with agents that were, by themselves, partially effective inhibitors of tumor progression in this model; lapatinib and the RXR agonist bexarotene. Although the combination of lapatinib and vaccination performed similarly to vaccination alone (P = 0.735), bexarotene and vaccination significantly enhanced disease-free survival (P < 0.0001), and approximately 90% of the mice showed no pathologic evidence of carcinomas at one year. The vaccine also demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in an additional transgenic model of breast cancer (TgC3(I)-Tag). Chemoimmunoprevention combinations may be an effective approach to breast cancer prevention even when the vaccine is administered in the presence of subclinical disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Bexarotene
- Female
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2/immunology
- Lapatinib
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Precancerous Conditions/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- Precancerous Conditions/prevention & control
- Quinazolines/administration & dosage
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Tetrahydronaphthalenes/administration & dosage
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vaccines, Subunit/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Disis
- Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, 850 Republican Street, Box 358050, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109.
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Adams A, van Brussel ASA, Vermeulen JF, Mali WPTM, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Elias SG. The potential of hypoxia markers as target for breast molecular imaging--a systematic review and meta-analysis of human marker expression. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:538. [PMID: 24206539 PMCID: PMC3903452 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular imaging of breast cancer is a promising emerging technology, potentially able to improve clinical care. Valid imaging targets for molecular imaging tracer development are membrane-bound hypoxia-related proteins, expressed when tumor growth outpaces neo-angiogenesis. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of such hypoxia marker expression rates in human breast cancer to evaluate their potential as clinically relevant molecular imaging targets. Methods We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles describing membrane-bound proteins that are related to hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), the key regulator of the hypoxia response. We extracted expression rates of carbonic anhydrase-IX (CAIX), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type-4 (CXCR4), or insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in human breast disease, evaluated by immunohistochemistry. We pooled study results using random-effects models and applied meta-regression to identify associations with clinicopathological variables. Results Of 1,705 identified articles, 117 matched our selection criteria, totaling 30,216 immunohistochemistry results. We found substantial between-study variability in expression rates. Invasive cancer showed pooled expression rates of 35% for CAIX (95% confidence interval (CI): 26-46%), 51% for GLUT1 (CI: 40-61%), 46% for CXCR4 (CI: 33-59%), and 46% for IGF1R (CI: 35-70%). Expression rates increased with tumor grade for GLUT1, CAIX, and CXCR4 (all p < 0.001), but decreased for IGF1R (p < 0.001). GLUT1 showed the highest expression rate in grade III cancers with 58% (45-69%). CXCR4 showed the highest expression rate in small T1 tumors with 48% (CI: 28-69%), but associations with size were only significant for CAIX (p < 0.001; positive association) and IGF1R (p = 0.047; negative association). Although based on few studies, CAIX, GLUT1, and CXCR4 showed profound lower expression rates in normal breast tissue and benign breast disease (p < 0.001), and high rates in carcinoma in situ. Invasive lobular carcinoma consistently showed lower expression rates (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results support the potential of hypoxia-related markers as breast cancer molecular imaging targets. Although specificity is promising, combining targets would be necessary for optimal sensitivity. These data could help guide the choice of imaging targets for tracer development depending on the envisioned clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Adams
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Haisa M. The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor signalling system and targeted tyrosine kinase inhibition in cancer. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:253-64. [PMID: 23569026 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513476585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) signalling plays a critical role in normal cell growth, and in cancer development and progression. IGF1R and the insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1 and IGF2) are involved in various aspects of the malignant phenotype, suggesting that IGF1R is a potential target for cancer therapy. IGF1R is particularly important in the establishment and maintenance of the transformed phenotype, in mediating proliferation, and for the survival of tumour cells with anchorage-independent growth. IGF1R also exerts antiapoptotic activity and has a substantial influence on the control of the cell and body size. This property enables transformed cells to form macroscopic tumours and to survive the process of detachment required for metastasis. Pharmaceutical companies are investigating molecules that target IGF1R, including specific low molecular weight tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, both of which possess various advantages and display different activity profiles. This review article focuses on the preclinical and clinical development of low molecular weight IGF1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It is critical to pursue a thorough molecular analysis of the metabolic activity of IGF1R to avoid possible side-effects of its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Haisa
- Department of Surgery, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
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Boyle DP, Mullan P, Salto-Tellez M. Molecular mapping the presence of druggable targets in preinvasive and precursor breast lesions: a comprehensive review of biomarkers related to therapeutic interventions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1835:230-42. [PMID: 23403165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of clinical breast samples using biomarkers is integral to current breast cancer management. Currently, a limited number of targeted therapies are standard of care in breast cancer treatment. However, these targeted therapies are only suitable for a subset of patients and resistance may occur. Strategies to prevent the occurrence of invasive lesions are required to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with the development of cancer. In theory, application of targeted therapies to pre-invasive lesions will prevent their progression to invasive lesions with full malignant potential. The diagnostic challenge for pathologists is to make interpretative decisions on early detected pre-invasive lesions. Overall, only a small proportion of these pre-invasive lesions will progress to invasive carcinoma and morphological assessment is an imprecise and subjective means to differentiate histologically identical lesions with varying malignant potential. Therefore differential biomarker analysis in pre-invasive lesions may prevent overtreatment with surgery and provide a predictive indicator of response to therapy. There follows a review of established and emerging potential druggable targets in pre-invasive lesions and correlation with lesion morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Boyle
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Xu Q, Jiang Y, Yin Y, Li Q, He J, Jing Y, Qi YT, Xu Q, Li W, Lu B, Peiper SS, Jiang BH, Liu LZ. A regulatory circuit of miR-148a/152 and DNMT1 in modulating cell transformation and tumor angiogenesis through IGF-IR and IRS1. J Mol Cell Biol 2012; 5:3-13. [PMID: 22935141 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjs049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs is a common feature in human cancers, including breast cancer (BC). Here we describe the epigenetic regulation of miR-148a and miR-152 and their impact on BC cells. Due to the hypermethylation of CpG island, the expression levels of both miR-148a and miR-152 (miR-148a/152) are decreased in BC tissues and cells. DNMT1, the DNA methyltransferase 1 for the maintenance methylation, is aberrantly up-regulated in BC and its overexpression is responsible for hypermethylation of miR-148a and miR-152 promoters. Intriguingly, we found that DNMT1 expression, which is one of the targets of miR-148a/152, is inversely correlated with the expression levels of miR-148a/152 in BC tissues. Those results lead us to propose a negative feedback regulatory loop between miR-148a/152 and DNMT1 in BC. More importantly, we demonstrate that IGF-IR and IRS1, often overexpressed in BC, are two novel targets of miR-148a/152. Overexpression of miR-148a or miR-152 significantly inhibits BC cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumor angiogenesis via targeting IGF-IR and IRS1 and suppressing their downstream AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Our results suggest a novel miR-148a/152-DNMT1 regulatory circuit and reveal that miR-148a and miR-152 act as tumor suppressors by targeting IGF-IR and IRS1, and that restoration of miR-148a/152 expression may provide a strategy for therapeutic application to treat BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Sørensen GV, Cronin-Fenton DP, Sørensen HT, Ulrichsen SP, Pedersen L, Lash TL. Use of glucocorticoids and risk of breast cancer: a Danish population-based case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R21. [PMID: 22305057 PMCID: PMC3496139 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glucocorticoids are widely prescribed drugs. In the human body, glucocorticoid is the main stress hormone and controls a variety of physiological and cellular processes, including metabolism and immune response. It belongs to the same steroid superfamily as estrogens, which are known to play a role in breast cancer. However, the effect of glucocorticoid use on the risk of breast cancer is not clear. Methods We conducted a case-control study using population-based medical databases from Northern Denmark (1.8 million inhabitants) to investigate the association between glucocorticoid prescriptions and breast cancer risk. The study included 9,488 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed between 1994 and 2008 and 94,876 population controls. We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associating glucocorticoid use with breast cancer occurrence, controlling for prescriptions of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, anti-diabetics, immunosuppressive drugs, and hospital diagnosis of obesity, diabetes, chronic pulmonary diseases and autoimmune diseases. Results We found no effect on breast cancer risk in ever users (> 2 prescriptions) of any glucocorticoids (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.1), systemic glucocorticoids (aOR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.1), or inhaled glucocorticoids (aOR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.1), each compared to never users of any glucocorticoids. Associations for recent use (preceding two years) and former use (more than two years earlier) were near null in all dose categories (low, medium and high number of prescriptions). Intensity of systemic glucocorticoid use (cumulative prednisolone equivalent doses), regardless of duration (< 1, 1 to 5, 5+ years), was also not associated with breast cancer risk. Conclusions Overall, our study provides no evidence that glucocorticoid use affects the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Vrelits Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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