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Au PC, Lee AW, Lee VH, Wong IC, Hui RY, Cheung CL. The trends in lung cancer prevalence, incidence, and survival in Hong Kong over the past two decades (2002-2021): a population-based study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 45:101030. [PMID: 38389934 PMCID: PMC10882113 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Over the past decades, significant progress in lung cancer management has been made. However, the trends in prevalence and survival of lung cancer in the Chinese population over the last decade remain unexplored. This study utilised a territory-wide electronic medical database in Hong Kong to provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the trends in prevalence, incidence, and survival over the past two decades. Methods Descriptive epidemiology study using a retrospective cohort of lung cancer patients from the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS). 10-year limited-duration prevalence, incidence, and relative period survival were calculated between 2002 and 2021. Sub-groups of age, sex, and comorbidity were examined. The annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were estimated using joinpoint regression. Findings This study included 87,259 incident cases between 2002 and 2021. The 10-year limited duration prevalence (per 100,000 persons) of lung cancer increased from 153.4 to 228.7 (AAPC: 3.08%). Crude incidence (per 100,000 persons) increased from 55.0 to 70.3 (APC: 1.23%), while age-standardised incidence decreased from 42.9 to 33.2 (APC: -1.32%). The 1-year and 5-year relative period survivals showed an increasing trend but remained low. Disparity in trends was observed among different sex and age groups. Interpretation Lung cancer burden has been increasing partly due to population ageing. Although survival showed improvement over the years, it remained low, highlighting the potential need for interventions. Further study exploring the disparity in sex-specific trends is warranted. Funding The Innovation and Technology Commission, Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Cm Au
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L02-56, 2/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anne Wm Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Victor Hf Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ian Ck Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L02-56, 2/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
- Aston Pharmacy School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rina Ym Hui
- Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ching-Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L02-56, 2/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhao Y, Zhuang Z, Yang L, He D. Age-period-cohort analysis and projection of cancer mortality in Hong Kong, 1998-2030. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072751. [PMID: 37821140 PMCID: PMC10583025 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between immigration groups and cancer mortality, this study aimed to explore age, period, birth cohort effects and effects across genders and immigration groups on mortality rates of lung, pancreatic, colon, liver, prostate and stomach cancers and their projections. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Death registry data in Hong Kong between 1998 and 2021, which were stratified by age, sex and immigration status. Immigration status was classified into three groups: locals born in Hong Kong, long-stay immigrants and short-stay immigrants. METHODS Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis was used to examine age, period, and birth cohort effects for genders and immigration groups from 1998 to 2021. Bayesian APC models were applied to predict the mortality rates from 2022 to 2030. RESULTS Short-stay immigrants revealed pronounced fluctuations of mortality rates by age and of relative risks by cohort and period effects for six types of cancers than those of long-stay immigrants and locals. Immigrants for each type of cancer and gender will be at a higher mortality risk than locals. After 2021, decreasing trends (p<0.05) or plateau (p>0.05) of forecasting mortality rates of cancers occur for all immigration groups, except for increasing trends for short-stay male immigrants with colon cancer (p<0.05, Avg+0.30 deaths/100 000 per annum from 15.47 to 18.50 deaths/100 000) and long-stay male immigrants with pancreatic cancer (p<0.05, Avg+0.72 deaths/100 000 per annum from 16.30 to 23.49 deaths/100 000). CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the effect of gender and immigration status in Hong Kong on mortality risks of cancers that immigrants for each type of cancer and gender will be at a higher mortality risk than locals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanji Zhao
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zian Zhuang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daihai He
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Ngoc LTN, Park D, Lee YC. Human Health Impacts of Residential Radon Exposure: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010097. [PMID: 36612419 PMCID: PMC9819115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of residential radon exposure on human cancers (i.e., lung cancer and childhood leukemia) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of case−control studies. A total of 9724 articles obtained from electronic databases were assessed; however, only 55 case−control studies were eligible after manually screening and eliminating unnecessary studies. The causal associations were addressed by determining the meta-analysis’s estimated size effects (i.e., ORs/RRs) of the meta-analysis. Residential radon was revealed to significantly increase the incidence of lung cancer and childhood leukemia with pooled ORs of 1.38 [1.19; 1.60] (I2 = 90%; p < 0.00001) and 1.43 [1.19; 1.72] (I2 = 0% and p = 0.51), respectively. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed to reduce the heterogeneity of the initial meta-analyses. The results provided strong evidence that inhaling radon in the indoor environments is closely associated with the development of lung cancer and childhood leukemia in patients living in Europe and areas with high radon levels (≥100 Bq/m3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Nhu Ngoc
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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Associations between tea and coffee beverage consumption and the risk of lung cancer in the Singaporean Chinese population. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:3083-3091. [PMID: 31822987 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea and coffee are widely consumed beverages. Tea flavonoids have been shown to inhibit lung tumorigenesis using in vitro and in vivo models. Conversely, coffee contains complex mixtures of biochemically active compounds, some of which may have genotoxic and mutagenic properties. However, previous epidemiologic studies have shown inconsistent results on tea and coffee in relation to lung cancer risk. METHODS The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a population-based prospective cohort of 63,257 Singaporean Chinese men and women, with an average of 17.7 years of follow-up. Information on tea and coffee consumption and other lifestyle factors was collected through in-person interviews at baseline. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS There were 1486 incident lung cancer cases. Compared to non-daily coffee drinkers, HRs (95% CIs) of lung cancer risk for those consuming one, two, and three or more cups of coffee per day were 1.18 (1.02-1.36), 1.21 (1.05-1.40), and 1.32 (1.08-1.62) respectively (P for trend = 0.0034). The highest category of black tea consumption (at least 2 cups per day) was inversely associated with risk of lung cancer [HR (95% CI) = 0.73 (0.53-0.99)], particularly among men [HR (95% CI) = 0.67 (0.47-0.95)], compared to less-than-weekly black tea drinkers, although the interaction by sex was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Coffee beverage consumption was associated with higher risk of developing lung cancer. On the other hand, black tea intake was associated with lower risk of lung cancer among men in our cohort, and further studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Liang D, Wang J, Li D, Shi J, Jing J, Shan B, He Y. Lung Cancer in Never-Smokers: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in North China. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1354. [PMID: 31921627 PMCID: PMC6914814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at estimating the effects of epidemiological risk factors for lung cancer in never-smokers. A multicenter and matched case-control study was conducted in the cities of Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, Qinhuangdao, Baoding, and Chengde in North China. It comprised 1,086 cases and 2,172 healthy subjects as controls, all of whom had smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetimes. Patients were newly diagnosed with lung cancer between January 2015 and December 2017. Each patient was matched to two control participants for sex and age (±5 years). Both univariate analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Subsequently, data were stratified by participant sex and different air quality conditions for analysis. Type of job, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace or at home, above-average exposure to cooking oil fumes, depression, poor sleep quality, occupational exposure, cardiovascular diseases, and family history of cancer were revealed as significant risk factors for lung cancer in never-smokers. However, higher educational level, frequent use of a PM2.5 mask, cooking using clean fuels, and consumption of dietary supplements and tea reduced the risk of lung cancer. Risk factors varied between males and females. In areas with air pollution, the number of risk factors was greater than elsewhere, and the magnitudes of their effects were different. Hence, focusing on these risk factors is important for the prevention and control of lung cancer in never-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liang
- Cancer Institute in Hebei Province, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingxi Wang
- Cancer Institute in Hebei Province, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Daojuan Li
- Cancer Institute in Hebei Province, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Cancer Institute in Hebei Province, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Cancer Institute in Hebei Province, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Cancer Institute in Hebei Province, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yutong He
- Cancer Institute in Hebei Province, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Tantraworasin A, Taioli E, Liu B, Flores RM, Kaufman AJ. The influence of insurance type on stage at presentation, treatment, and survival between Asian American and non-Hispanic White lung cancer patients. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1612-1629. [PMID: 29575647 PMCID: PMC5943464 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of insurance type on lung cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survival in Asian patients living in the United States is still under debate. We have analyzed this issue using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. There were 102,733 lung cancer patients age 18–64 years diagnosed between 2007 and 2013. Multilevel regression analysis was performed to identify the association between insurance types, stage at diagnosis, treatment modalities, and overall mortality in Asian and non‐Hispanic White (NHW) patients. Clinical characteristics were significantly different between Asian and NHW patients, except for gender. Asian patients were more likely to present with advanced disease than NHW patients (ORadj = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.06–1.19). Asian patients with non‐Medicaid insurance underwent lobectomy more than NHW patients with Medicaid or uninsured; were more likely to undergo mediastinal lymph node evaluation (MLNE) (ORadj = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.72–2.28) and cancer‐directed surgery and/or radiation therapy (ORadj = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.20–1.65). Asian patients with non‐Medicaid insurance had the best overall survival. Uninsured or Medicaid‐covered Asian patients were more likely to be diagnosed with advanced disease, less likely to undergo MLNE and cancer‐directed treatments, and had shorter overall survival than their NHW counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichat Tantraworasin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1023 Annenberg Building, 7-56, New York City, 10029, New York.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, 239 Suthep Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1023 Annenberg Building, 7-56, New York City, 10029, New York.,Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1133, New York City, 10029, New York
| | - Bian Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1133, New York City, 10029, New York
| | - Raja M Flores
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1023 Annenberg Building, 7-56, New York City, 10029, New York
| | - Andrew J Kaufman
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1023 Annenberg Building, 7-56, New York City, 10029, New York
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Pasquet R, Karp I, Siemiatycki J, Koushik A. The consumption of coffee and black tea and the risk of lung cancer. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 26:757-763.e2. [PMID: 27743642 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coffee and black tea are among the most consumed beverages worldwide. Although their potential role in lung cancer occurrence has been investigated in several studies, results have been inconclusive. We investigated the associations between intake of coffee and black tea with lung cancer in a population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada. METHODS These analyses included 1130 cases and 1483 controls. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated between four metrics of coffee and black tea consumption (frequency, average daily amount, duration, and cumulative amount) and lung cancer, using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS The adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) for lung cancer comparing daily to never consumers were 0.73 (0.49-1.10) for coffee and 1.05 (0.85-1.31) for black tea. Analyses of other metrics did not reveal any clear patterns of increasing or decreasing risk with increasing amounts or duration of consumption. There was no strong evidence of OR modification by sex or smoking level. The OR estimates did not materially differ by histological subtype for either of the beverages. CONCLUSION Our results do not provide strong support for associations between consumption of coffee and black tea and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Pasquet
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Risks, Prevention, and Health Promotion Research Axis, Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Igor Karp
- Risks, Prevention, and Health Promotion Research Axis, Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Risks, Prevention, and Health Promotion Research Axis, Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Anita Koushik
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Risks, Prevention, and Health Promotion Research Axis, Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada.
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Wang X, Ma K, Chi L, Cui J, Jin L, Hu JF, Li W. Combining Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Genetic Variant rs2736100 with Epidemiologic Factors in the Prediction of Lung Cancer Susceptibility. J Cancer 2016; 7:846-53. [PMID: 27162544 PMCID: PMC4860802 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants from a considerable number of susceptibility loci have been identified in association with cancer risk, but their interaction with epidemiologic factors in lung cancer remains to be defined. We sought to establish a forecasting model for identifying individuals with high-risk of lung cancer by combing gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms with epidemiologic factors. Genotyping and clinical data from 500 lung cancer cases and 500 controls were used for developing the logistic regression model. We found that lung cancer was associated with telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) rs2736100 single-nucleotide polymorphism. The TERT rs2736100 model was still significantly associated with lung cancer risk when combined with environmental and lifestyle factors, including lower education, lower BMI, COPD history, heavy cigarettes smoking, heavy cooking emission, and dietary factors (over-consumption of meat and deficiency in fish/shrimp, vegetables, dairy products, and soybean products). These data suggest that combining TERT SNP and epidemiologic factors may be a useful approach to discriminate high and low-risk individuals for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- 1. Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.; 2. Stanford University Medical School Stanford, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA94305, USA
| | - Kewei Ma
- 1. Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Lumei Chi
- 4. School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- 1. Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Lina Jin
- 3. Second Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun , Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- 1. Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.; 2. Stanford University Medical School Stanford, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA94305, USA
| | - Wei Li
- 1. Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
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Lee PN, Fry JS, Forey BA, Hamling JS, Thornton AJ. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer: A systematic review. World J Meta-Anal 2016; 4:10-43. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v4.i2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To review evidence relating passive smoking to lung cancer risk in never smokers, considering various major sources of bias.
METHODS: Epidemiological prospective or case-control studies were identified which provide estimates of relative risk (RR) and 95%CI for never smokers for one or more of seven different indices of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): The spouse; household; workplace; childhood; travel; social and other; and total. A wide range of study details were entered into a database, and the RRs for each study, including descriptions of the comparisons made, were entered into a linked database. RRs were derived where necessary. Results were entered, where available, for all lung cancer, and for squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma. “Most adjusted” results were entered based on results available, adjusted for the greatest number of potential confounding variables. “Least adjusted” results were also entered, with a preference for results adjusted at least for age for prospective studies. A pre-planned series of fixed-effects and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Overall analyses and analyses by continent were run for each exposure index, with results for spousal smoking given by sex, and results for childhood exposure given by source of ETS exposure. For spousal exposure, more extensive analyses provide results by various aspects of study design and definition of the RR. For smoking by the husband (or nearest equivalent), additional analyses were carried out both for overall risk, and for risk per 10 cigarettes per day smoked by the husband. These adjusted for uncontrolled confounding by four factors (fruit, vegetable and dietary fat consumption, and education), and corrected for misclassification of smoking status of the wife. For the confounding adjustment, estimates for never smoking women were derived from publications on the relationship of the four factors to both lung cancer risk and at home ETS exposure, and on the correlations between the factors. The bias due to misclassification was calculated on the basis that the proportion of ever smokers denying smoking is 10% in Asian studies and 2.5% elsewhere, and that those who deny smoking have the same risk as those who admit it. This approach, justified in previous work, balances higher true denial rates and lower risk in deniers compared to non-deniers.
RESULTS: One hundred and two studies were identified for inclusion, published in 1981 onwards, 45 in Asia, 31 in North America, 21 in Europe, and five elsewhere. Eighty-five were of case-control design and 17 were prospective. Significant (P < 0.05) associations were noted, with random-effects of (RR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.14-1.31, n = 93) for smoking by the husband (RR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.01-1.29, n = 45) for smoking by the wife (RR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.15-1.30, n = 47) for workplace exposure (RR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.02-1.29, n = 41) for childhood exposure, and (RR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.19-1.45, n = 48) for total exposure. No significant association was seen for ETS exposure in travel (RR = 1.34, 95%CI: 0.94-1.93, n = 8) or in social situations (RR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.82-1.24, n = 15). A significant negative association (RR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.64-0.94, n = 8) was seen for ETS exposure in childhood, specifically from the parents. Significant associations were also seen for spousal smoking for both squamous cell carcinoma (RR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.15-1.80, n = 24) and adenocarcinoma (RR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.17-1.51, n = 30). Results generally showed marked heterogeneity between studies. For smoking by either the husband or wife, where 119 RR estimates gave an overall estimate of (RR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.14-1.29), the heterogeneity was highly significant (P < 0.001), with evidence that the largest RRs were seen in studies published in 1981-89, in small studies (1-49 cases), and for estimates unadjusted by age. For smoking by the husband, the additional analyses showed that adjustment for the four factors reduced the overall (RR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.14-1.31) based on 93 estimates to (RR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.06-1.22), implying bias due to uncontrolled confounding of 7%. Further correction for misclassification reduced the estimate to a marginally non-significant (RR = 1.08, 95%CI: 0.999-1.16). In the fully adjusted and corrected analyses, there was evidence of an increase in Asia (RR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.07-1.30, n = 44), but not in other regions (RR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.86-1.07, n = 49). Studies published in the 1980’s, studies providing dose-response data, and studies only providing results unadjusted for age showed elevated RRs, but later published studies, studies not providing dose-response data, and studies adjusting for age did not. The pattern of results for RRs per 10 cigs/d was similar, with no significant association in the adjusted and corrected results (RR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.994-1.07).
CONCLUSION: Most, if not all, of the ETS/lung cancer association can be explained by confounding adjustment and misclassification correction. Any causal relationship is not convincingly demonstrated.
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Galarraga V, Boffetta P. Coffee Drinking and Risk of Lung Cancer-A Meta-Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:951-7. [PMID: 27021045 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiologic results on coffee consumption and lung cancer risk have not been consistent. Furthermore, not all studies have addressed the potential role of tobacco as a confounder in this association. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of coffee consumption on lung cancer risk independent of tobacco use. METHODS A systematic review and a meta-analysis based on random effects models were performed using studies from the PubMed and EMBASE databases, and the references from the retrieved articles. Included were 8 prospective cohorts and 13 case-control studies, which provided data for 19,892 cases and 623,645 non-cases, timeframe 1986-2015. RESULTS The meta-relative risk (RR) for coffee drinking, not controlling for tobacco smoking, was 1.09 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.19], the reference group was never drinkers. There was significant heterogeneity among the study results (Q = 84.39, I² = 75.1%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001). Among non-smokers, coffee was not associated with lung cancer risk (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.75-1.10), the reference group was never drinkers. The meta-RR for 1 cup per day increase, unadjusted for smoking, was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.03-1.05); the corresponding RR for non-smokers was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.83-1.09). CONCLUSIONS The pooled estimates indicated that when the potential confounding effect from smoking is controlled for, coffee drinking does not appear to be a lung cancer risk factor. Further pooled analyses, with larger non-smokers population size, are encouraged to confirm these results. IMPACT This study illustrates that the association between coffee consumption and lung cancer can be confounded by tobacco smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(6); 951-7. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Wang X, Jin L, Cui J, Ma K, Chen X, Li W. Mouse double minute-2 homolog (MDM2)-rs2279744 polymorphism associated with lung cancer risk in a Northeastern Chinese population. Thorac Cancer 2015; 6:91-6. [PMID: 26273341 PMCID: PMC4448458 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Altered expression or function of mouse double minute-2 (MDM2) protein could contribute to lung carcinogenesis; thus, this study investigated MDM2-rs2279744 polymorphism together with other epidemiologic factors for their association with lung cancer risk. Methods A total of 500 lung cancer patients and 500 age and gender-matched healthy controls living in Northeastern China were recruited for genotyping of MDM2-rs2279744. Clinicopathological data was collected and subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses. Results In univariate analysis, the MDM2-rs2279744 G/G genotype versus T/T + T/G genotypes showed a tendency toward a higher incidence of lung cancer in the recessive model (P = 0.043). However, there were no significant differences when it was analyzed by the dominant, additive, or multiplicative models. A significantly increased lung cancer risk was observed associated with lower education level, lower body mass index, cancer family history, prior diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia, exposure to pesticide or gasoline/diesel, tobacco smoking, and heavy cooking emissions when assessed by multivariate analyses. Moreover, MDM2-rs2279744 was still a significant risk factor even after incorporating environmental and lifestyle factors. However, there was no association between MDM2-rs2279744 and other factors. Conclusions The MDM2-rs2279744 G/G genotype was associated with a higher lung cancer risk, even after incorporating other epidemiologic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Lina Jin
- School of Public Health, Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Kewei Ma
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University Changchun, China
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Xie Y, Qin J, Nan G, Huang S, Wang Z, Su Y. Coffee consumption and the risk of lung cancer: an updated meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 70:199-206. [PMID: 26081490 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Coffee is one of the most popularly consumed beverages worldwide. Many epidemiological studies have investigated the association between coffee consumption and lung cancer risk, but the results are inconsistent. Hence, we conducted a systematic analysis of relevant population-based studies to examine this association and derive a more precise estimation. SUBJECTS/METHODS The Cochrane library, PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify studies published through Mar 2015 that met the predetermined inclusion criterion. Seventeen studies (5 cohort and 12 case-control studies) involving 12 276 cases and 102 516 controls were included. RESULTS The summary odds ratio (OR) of lung cancer was 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.33) for coffee drinkers compared with nondrinkers and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.11-1.55) for the highest category of coffee consumption compared with the lowest category. Compared with nondrinkers, the pooled ORs for lung cancer were 1.10 (95% CI: 0.92-1.31) for ⩽1 cup per day, 1.10 (95% CI: 0.93-1.30) for 2-3 cups per day and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02-1.39) for ⩾3 cups per day. Further analysis showed that the ORs for hospital-based case-control studies, population-based case-control studies and prospective cohort studies were 1.36 (95% CI: 1.10-1.69), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.77-1.28) and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.26-2.00), respectively. Significant associations for high coffee intake with increased risk of lung cancer were observed in men (OR=1.41 95% CI: 1.21-1.63), but not in women (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 0.86-1.56), in American (OR=1.34 95% CI: 1.08-1.65) and Asian populations (OR=1.49 95% CI: 1.28-1.74), but not in European populations (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 0.74-1.67), and in smokers (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.00-1.54), but not in nonsmokers (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.64-1.11). Particularly over the last 5 years, studies have consistently indicated that lung cancer risk is significantly increased by 47% in the population with the highest category intake of coffee compared with that with the lowest category intake (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.21-1.79). CONCLUSION The present study suggested that coffee intake was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yubei Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department II of Orthopedic, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Qin
- Department II of Orthopedic, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - G Nan
- Department II of Orthopedic, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - S Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yubei Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Wang
- Department II of Orthopedic, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Su
- Department II of Orthopedic, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Joint effects of environmental exposures and familial susceptibility to lung cancer in Chinese never smoking men and women. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 9:1066-72. [PMID: 24852518 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous epidemiological studies had limited power to investigate the joint effects of individual environmental risk factors and familial susceptibility to lung cancer. This study aimed to address this shortcoming. METHODS We recruited 345 never smoking lung cancer cases and 828 community referents. We developed a collective environmental exposure index by assigning a value of 1 to subjects at high risks regarding environmental risk factors and 0 otherwise, and then summed over using weights equivalent to the excess odds ratio. Potential additive and multiplicative interactions between environmental exposure index and family cancer history were examined. RESULTS Compared with "low environmental exposure and without family cancer history", the odds ratio was 6.80 (95% confidence interval = 3.31-13.98) for males who had high environmental exposures but without family cancer history, whereas it increased to 30.61 (95% confidence interval = 9.38-99.87) if they also had a positive family history. The corresponding associations became weaker in never smoking females. No multiplicative interaction was observed for both genders and an additive interaction was restricted among males. CONCLUSIONS This study developed a novel environmental exposure index that offers sufficient interest deserving further studies on the interactions between environmental exposures and familial susceptibility to lung cancer risk.
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The effect of fruit and vegetable intake on the development of lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 32 publications and 20,414 cases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1184-92. [PMID: 25920421 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Quantification of the association between the intake of vegetables and fruits and the risk of lung cancer is controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between vegetables and fruits and lung cancer risk. SUBJECTS/METHODS Pertinent studies were identified by a search in PubMed and Web of Knowledge. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Publication bias was estimated using Begg's test. RESULTS Finally, 30 articles with 37 studies comprising of 20,075 lung cancer cases for vegetables intake with lung cancer risk and 31 articles with 38 studies comprising of 20,213 lung cancer cases for fruits intake with lung cancer risk were included in this meta-analysis. The combined results showed that there were significant associations between vegetables and fruits intake and lung cancer risk. The pooled RR were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.82) for vegetables and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.88) for fruits. Significant association was found in females on vegetables intake and lung cancer but not in males. The association was also stronger in females than males on fruits intake and lung cancer risk. No publication bias was detected. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicated that intake of vegetables and fruits may have a protective effect on lung cancer, and the associations were stronger in females. As the potential biases and confounders could not be ruled out completely in this meta-analysis, further studies are needed.
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Hecht SS, Koh WP, Wang R, Chen M, Carmella SG, Murphy SE, Yuan JM. Elevated levels of mercapturic acids of acrolein and crotonaldehyde in the urine of Chinese women in Singapore who regularly cook at home. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120023. [PMID: 25807518 PMCID: PMC4373935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is unusually common among non-smoking women in Southeastern Asia but the causes of this frequently fatal disease are not well understood. Several epidemiology studies indicate that inhalation of fumes from high temperature Chinese style cooking with a wok may be a cause. Only one previous study investigated uptake of potential toxicants and carcinogens by women who cook with a wok. We enrolled three-hundred twenty-eight non-smoking women from Singapore for this study. Each provided a spot urine sample and answered a questionnaire concerning their cooking habits and other factors. The urine samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for mercapturic acid metabolites of acrolein (3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid), crotonaldehyde (3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid), and benzene (S-phenylmercapturic acid), accepted biomarkers of uptake of these toxic and carcinogenic compounds. We observed statistically significant effects of wok cooking frequency on levels of 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid and 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid, but not S-phenylmercapturic acid. Women who cooked greater than 7 times per week had a geometric mean of 2600 (95% CI, 2189-3090) pmol/mg creatinine 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid compared to 1901 (95% CI, 1510-2395) pmol/mg creatinine when cooking less than once per week (P for trend 0.018). The corresponding values for 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid were 1167 (95% CI, 1022-1332) and 894 (95% CI, 749-1067) pmol/mg creatinine (P for trend 0.008). We conclude that frequent wok cooking leads to elevated exposure to the toxicants acrolein and crotonaldehyde, but not benzene. Kitchens should be properly ventilated to decrease exposure to potentially toxic and carcinogenic fumes produced during Chinese style wok cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Menglan Chen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sharon E. Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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An individual risk prediction model for lung cancer based on a study in a Chinese population. TUMORI JOURNAL 2015; 101:16-23. [PMID: 25702657 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Early detection and diagnosis remains an effective yet challenging approach to improve the clinical outcome of patients with cancer. Low-dose computed tomography screening has been suggested to improve the diagnosis of lung cancer in high-risk individuals. To make screening more efficient, it is necessary to identify individuals who are at high risk. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN We conducted a case-control study to develop a predictive model for identification of such high-risk individuals. Clinical data from 705 lung cancer patients and 988 population-based controls were used for the development and evaluation of the model. Associations between environmental variants and lung cancer risk were analyzed with a logistic regression model. The predictive accuracy of the model was determined by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the optimal operating point. RESULTS Our results indicate that lung cancer risk factors included older age, male gender, lower education level, family history of cancer, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lower body mass index, smoking cigarettes, a diet with less seafood, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, soybean products and nuts, a diet rich in meat, and exposure to pesticides and cooking emissions. The area under the curve was 0.8851 and the optimal operating point was obtained. With a cutoff of 0.35, the false positive rate, true positive rate, and Youden index were 0.21, 0.87, and 0.66, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The risk prediction model for lung cancer developed in this study could discriminate high-risk from low-risk individuals.
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Kwon P, Lundin J, Li W, Ray R, Littell C, Li GD, Thomas DB, Checkoway H. Night shift work and lung cancer risk among female textile workers in Shanghai, China. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2015; 12:334-341. [PMID: 25616851 PMCID: PMC4400196 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2014.993472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified shift work that involves circadian disruption as a probable human carcinogen. Suppression of the anti-neoplastic hormone, melatonin, is a presumed mechanism of action. We conducted a case-cohort study nested within a cohort of 267,400 female textile workers in Shanghai, China. Newly diagnosed lung cancer cases (n = 1451) identified during the study period (1989-2006) were compared with an age-stratified subcohort (n = 3040). Adjusting for age, smoking, parity, and endotoxin exposure, relative risks [hazard ratios (HRs)] were estimated by Cox regression modeling to assess associations with cumulative years and nights of rotating shift work. Results did not consistently reveal any increased risk of lung cancer among rotating shift work or statistically significant trends for both cumulative years (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.02; P(trend) = 0.294) and nights (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.00; P(trend) = 0.415). Further analyses imposing 10- and 20-year lag times for disease latency also revealed similar results. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, rotating nighttime shift work appears to be associated with a relatively reduced lung cancer risk although the magnitude of the effect was modest and not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenjin Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
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Tsunematsu M, Kawasaki H, Masuoka Y, Kakehashi M. Factors affecting breast cancer screening behavior in Japan--assessment using the health belief model and conjoint analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:6041-8. [PMID: 24289622 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese women in their 40s or older have been encouraged to attend breast cancer screening. However, the breast cancer screening rate in Japan is not as high as in Europe and the United States. The aim of this study was to identify psychological and personal characteristics of women concerning their participation in breast cancer screening using the Health Belief Model (HBM). In addition, the attributes of screening more easily accepted by participants were analyzed by conjoint analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross sectional study of 3,200 age 20-69 women, data were collected by an anonymous questionnaire. Questions were based on HBM and personal characteristics, and included attitudes on hypothetical screening attributes. Data of women aged 40-69 were analyzed by logistic regression and conjoint analysis to clarify the factors affecting their participation in breast cancer screening. RESULTS Among responses collected from 1,280 women of age 20-69, the replies of 993 women of age 40-69 were used in the analysis. Regarding the psychological characteristics based on HBM, the odds ratios were significantly higher in "importance of cancer screening" (95%CI: 1.21-2.47) and "benefits of cancer screening" (95%CI: 1.09-2.49), whereas the odds ratio was significantly lower in "barriers to participation before cancer screening" (95%CI: 0.27-0.51). Conjoint analysis revealed that the respondents, overall, preferred screening to be low cost and by female staff members. Furthermore, it was also clarified that attributes of screening dominant in decision-making were influenced by the employment status and the type of medical insurance of the women. CONCLUSIONS In order to increase participation in breast cancer screening, it is necessary to disseminate accurate knowledge on cancer screening and to reduce barriers to participation. In addition, the attributes of screening more easily accepted were inexpensive, provided by female staff, executed in a hospital and finished in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Tsunematsu
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan E-mail :
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Hou W, Fu J, Ge Y, Du J, Hua S. Incidence and risk of lung cancer in HIV-infected patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1781-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhang ZL, Sun J, Dong JY, Tian HL, Xue L, Qin LQ, Tong J. Residential radon and lung cancer risk: an updated meta- analysis of case-control studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2459-65. [PMID: 22938404 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numbers of epidemiological studies assessing residential radon exposure and risk of lung cancer have yielded inconsistent results. METHODS We therefore performed a meta-analysis of relevant published case- control studies searched in the PubMed database through July 2011 to examine the association. The combined odds ratio (OR) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models. Subgroup and dose-response analyses were also performed. RESULTS We identified 22 case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer risk involving 13,380 cases and 21,102 controls. The combined OR of lung cancer for the highest with the lowest exposure was 1.29 (95% CI 1.10-1.51). Dose-response analysis showed that every 100 Bq/m3 increment in residential radon exposure was associated with a significant 7% increase in lung cancer risk. Subgroup analysis displayed a more pronounced association in the studies conducted in Europe. Studies restricted to female or non-smokers demonstrated weakened associations between exposure and lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS This meta- analysis provides new evidence supporting the conclusion that residential exposure to radon can significantly increase the risk of lung cancer in a dose-response manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Li Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Yoo Y, Park Y, Choi E. A Comparative Study of Life Styles between Lung Cancer Patients and Healthy Adults. ASIAN ONCOLOGY NURSING 2013. [DOI: 10.5388/aon.2013.13.3.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanggyeong Yoo
- Department of Nursing, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea
| | - Youngrye Park
- Department of Nursing, Kunsan National University·Institute of Basic Science, Gunsan, Korea
| | - Eunhi Choi
- Public Health the Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
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Yang WS, Wong MY, Vogtmann E, Tang RQ, Xie L, Yang YS, Wu QJ, Zhang W, Xiang YB. Meat consumption and risk of lung cancer: evidence from observational studies. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:3163-3170. [PMID: 22855553 PMCID: PMC3501234 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent findings on the association between meat consumption and lung cancer. DESIGN We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between meat consumption and lung cancer risk in epidemiological studies. RESULTS Twenty-three case-control and 11 cohort studies were included. All studies adjusted for smoking or conducted in never smokers. The summary relative risks (RRs) of lung cancer for the highest versus lowest intake categories were 1.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.69) for total meat, 1.34 (95% CI 1.18-1.52) for red meat, and 1.06 (95% CI 0.90-1.25) for processed meat. An inverse association was found between poultry intake and lung cancer (RR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97), but not for total white meat (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.82-1.37) or fish (RR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.96-1.07). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between meat intake and lung cancer risk appears to depend on the types of meat consumed. A high intake of red meat may increase the risk of lung cancer by about 35%, while a high intake of poultry decreases the risk by about 10%. More well-designed cohort studies on meat mutagens or heme iron, meat cooking preferences, and doneness level are needed to fully characterize this meat-lung cancer association.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M Y Wong
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - E Vogtmann
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - R Q Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y S Yang
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Q J Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y B Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Xie WC, Chan MH, Mak KC, Chan WT, He M. Trends in the Incidence of 15 Common Cancers in Hong Kong, 1983-2008. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:3911-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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McCarthy WJ, Meza R, Jeon J, Moolgavkar SH. Chapter 6: Lung cancer in never smokers: epidemiology and risk prediction models. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2012; 32 Suppl 1:S69-84. [PMID: 22882894 PMCID: PMC3485693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter we review the epidemiology of lung cancer incidence and mortality among never smokers/nonsmokers and describe the never smoker lung cancer risk models used by the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Network (CISNET) modelers. Our review focuses on those influences likely to have measurable population impact on never smoker risk, such as secondhand smoke, even though the individual-level impact may be small. Occupational exposures may also contribute importantly to the population attributable risk of lung cancer. We examine the following risk factors in this chapter: age, environmental tobacco smoke, cooking fumes, ionizing radiation including radon gas, inherited genetic susceptibility, selected occupational exposures, preexisting lung disease, and oncogenic viruses. We also compare the prevalence of never smokers between the three CISNET smoking scenarios and present the corresponding lung cancer mortality estimates among never smokers as predicted by a typical CISNET model.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J McCarthy
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, University of California-Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6900, USA.
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Risk of lung cancer and occupational history: results of a French population-based case-control study, the ICARE study. J Occup Environ Med 2012; 53:1068-77. [PMID: 21866050 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e318229ab2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the risk of lung cancer associated with occupations and industries. METHODS A French population-based case-control study included 2923 cases and 3555 controls. Lifelong occupational history was collected. Two lists of occupations known (A) or suspected (B) to be associated with lung cancer were used. Occupations and industries not included in these lists were also explored. RESULTS Among men, the smoking-adjusted odds ratio was 1.97 for list A (attributable fraction: 12.3%), 1.4 for list B (due especially to carpenters/joiners and transport workers). Among unlisted occupations, excess risks were found for welders, plumbers, and several construction crafts. Odds ratios among women were elevated for list A, list B (due especially to launderers/dry cleaners), cleaners and hairdressers. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the role of known occupations and give insight into new occupational risk factors among men and women.
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Kim KH, Jahan SA, Kabir E. A review of diseases associated with household air pollution due to the use of biomass fuels. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:425-431. [PMID: 21705140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nearly one third of the world's population use biomass fuels such as coal, wood, animal dung, and crop residues as their primary source of domestic energy. Due to their incomplete combustion, a multitude of pollutants associated with high levels of indoor air pollution (IAP) are released which include suspended particulate matter (SPM), carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), etc. There is a line of evidence that exposure to those pollutants can lead to increased risk of diseases including respiratory infections (e.g., pneumonia, tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and asthma), low birth weight, cataracts, and cardiovascular events. It is one of the major global public health threats that require greater efforts for prevention through research and policy-making. This review summarizes the available information on potential health risks associated with biomass fuel use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
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Wiwatanadate P. Lung Cancer Related to Environmental and Occupational Hazards and Epidemiology in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Genes Environ 2011. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.33.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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