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Sharma S, Jahanzaib M, Bakht A, Kim MK, Lee H, Park D. The composition of the bacterial communities collected from the PM 10 samples inside the Seoul subway and railway station. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6478. [PMID: 38499557 PMCID: PMC10948816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Health implications of indoor air quality (IAQ) have drawn more attention since the COVID epidemic. There are many different kinds of studies done on how IAQ affects people's well-being. There hasn't been much research that looks at the microbiological composition of the aerosol in subway transit systems. In this work, for the first time, we examined the aerosol bacterial abundance, diversity, and composition in the microbiome of the Seoul subway and train stations using DNA isolated from the PM10 samples from each station (three subway and two KTX stations). The average PM10 mass concentration collected on the respective platform was 41.862 µg/m3, with the highest average value of 45.95 µg/m3 and the lowest of 39.25 µg/m3. The bacterial microbiomes mainly constituted bacterial species of soil and environmental origin (e.g., Acinetobacter, Brevundimonas, Lysinibacillus, Clostridiodes) with fewer from human sources (Flaviflexus, Staphylococcus). This study highlights the relationship between microbiome diversity and PM10 mass concentration contributed by outdoor air and commuters in South Korea's subway and train stations. This study gives insights into the microbiome diversity, the source, and the susceptibility of public transports in disease spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Sharma
- Department of Transportation Environmental Research, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang, 16105, Republic of Korea
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Jahanzaib
- Department of Transportation Environmental Research, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang, 16105, Republic of Korea
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahtesham Bakht
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology (KIT), 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kim
- Department of Transportation Environmental Research, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang, 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Lee
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology (KIT), 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Department of Transportation Environmental Research, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang, 16105, Republic of Korea.
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Shambhavi S, Kim H, Jahanzaib M, Lee J, Park D. BT100, a three-in-one, multipurpose disinfecting, deodorizing, and air-cleaning solution with an effective, gradual, and continuous gaseous chlorine dioxide-releasing substance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26738. [PMID: 38449591 PMCID: PMC10915389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Aerosols carrying viruses that are released from the oral cavity of infected individuals are the primary, if not the only, means of transmission during viral respiratory disease epidemics. This makes crowded rooms and tiny, enclosed public areas like bathrooms prime environments for the transmission of diseases. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde are two contaminants that pose serious threats to human health and well-being in indoor environments. The varied disinfectant properties of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) make it a key player in treating a range of air quality issues. To balance effectiveness and safety, however, the careful application of chlorine dioxide is essential to achieving the best results in air quality while preserving human health and well-being. This study explores the many functions of chlorine dioxide, including the prevention of the spread of viruses, the elimination of harmful gases like ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, and its effects on formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in indoor environments using BT100. The results indicate a reduction of 98.5%, 81.01%, 62.22%, 46.5%, and 63.84% in minimizing aerosolized viruses, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide gas in addition to formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma Shambhavi
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggil Kim
- Sejin E & P Co. Ltd., Anyang-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Jahanzaib
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Kim M, Kim D, Jang Y, Lee J, Ko S, Kim K, Park C, Park D. Determination of the Spatial Distribution of Air Pollutants in Bucheon, Republic of Korea, in Winter Using a GIS-Based Mobile Laboratory. Toxics 2023; 11:932. [PMID: 37999584 PMCID: PMC10675194 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Driven by industrialization and urbanization, urban air pollution can increase respiratory, heart, and cerebrovascular diseases, and thus mortality rates; as such, it is necessary to improve air quality through the consideration of individual pollutants and emission sources. In Republic of Korea, national and local governments have installed urban and roadside air quality monitoring systems. However, stations are lacking outside metropolitan regions, and roadside stations are sparsely distributed, limiting comparisons of pollutant concentrations with vehicle traffic and floating population levels. Local governments have begun using mobile laboratories (MLs) to supplement the fixed measurement network and investigate road pollution source characteristics based on their spatiotemporal distribution; however, the collected data cannot be used effectively if they are not visualized. Here, we propose a method to collect and visualize global information system (GIS)-based air quality data overlayed with environmental variables to support air quality management measures. Spatiotemporal analyses of ML-derived data from Bucheon, Korea, confirmed that particulate and gaseous pollutant concentrations were high during typical commuting hours, at intersections, and at a specially managed road. During commuting hours, the maximum PM10 concentration reached 200.7 µg/m3 in the Nae-dong, Gyeongin-ro, and Ojeong-dong ready-mix concrete complex areas, and the maximum PM2.5 concentration was 161.7 µg/m3. The maximum NOx, NO2, and NO levels of 1.34 ppm, 0.18 ppm, and 1.18 ppm, respectively, were also detected during commuting hours. These findings support the need for targeted management of air pollution in this region, and highlight the benefit of comprehensively comparing road levels, driving speed, and traffic levels when identifying hotspots of air pollution. Such analyses will contribute to the development of air quality management measures customized to regional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyeong Kim
- Railroad Test & Certification Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Cheoldo Bangmulgwanro, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea;
| | - Daeho Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yelim Jang
- Chemicals Research Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Transportation Environmental Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Cheoldo Bangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Sangwon Ko
- Transportation Environmental Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Cheoldo Bangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kyunghoon Kim
- Transportation Environmental Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Cheoldo Bangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Choonsoo Park
- New Transportation Innovation Research Center, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Cheoldo Bangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea;
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Cheoldo Bangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (S.K.); (K.K.)
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Sharma S, Bakht A, Jahanzaib M, Kim M, Lee H, Park C, Park D. Characterization of bacterial species and antibiotic resistance observed in Seoul, South Korea's popular Gangnam-gu area. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21751. [PMID: 38053859 PMCID: PMC10694155 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Public transportation facilities, especially road crossings, which raise the pathogenic potential of urban environments, are the most conducive places for the transfer of germs between people and the environment. It is necessary to study the variety of the microbiome and describe its unique characteristics to comprehend these relationships. In this investigation, we used 16 S rRNA gene sample sequencing to examine the biological constituents and inhalable, thoracic, and alveolar particles in aerosol samples collected from busy areas in the Gangnam-gu district of the Seoul metropolitan area using a mobile vehicle. We also conducted a comparison analysis of these findings with the previously published data and tested for antibiotic resistance to determine the distribution of bacteria related to the human microbiome and the environment. Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes were the top five phyla in the bacterial 16 S rRNA libraries, accounting for >90 % of all readings across all examined locations. The most prevalent classes among the 12 found bacterial classes were Bacilli (45.812 %), Gammaproteobacteria (25.238 %), Tissierellia (13.078 %), Clostridia (5.697 %), and Alphaproteobacteria (5.142 %). The data acquired offer useful information on the variety of bacterial communities and their resistance to antibiotic drugs on the streets of Gangnam-gu, one of the most significant social centers in the Seoul metropolitan area. This work emphasizes the relevance of biological particles and particulate matter in the air, and it suggests more research is needed to perform biological characterization of the ambient particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Sharma
- Transportation Environmental Research Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Chleodobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahtesham Bakht
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology (KIT), 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Jahanzaib
- Transportation Environmental Research Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Chleodobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyeong Kim
- Transportation Environmental Research Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Chleodobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Lee
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology (KIT), 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Choonsoo Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Chleodobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Chleodobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Republic of Korea
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Heo J, Lee J, Yoon M, Park D. Removal of Particulate Matter by a Non-Powered Brush Filter Using Electrostatic Forces. Toxics 2023; 11:891. [PMID: 37999543 PMCID: PMC10674759 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In urban areas, a major source of harmful particulate matter is generated by vehicles. In particular, bus stops, where people often stay for public transportation, generate high concentrations of particulate matter compared to the general atmosphere. In this study, a non-powered type brush filter that generates electrostatic force without using a separate power source was developed to manage the concentration of particulate matter exposed at bus stops, and the removal performance of particulate matter was evaluated. The dust collection performance of the non-motorized brush filter varied by material, with particle removal efficiencies of 82.1 ± 3.4, 76.1 ± 4.7, and 73.7 ± 4.5% for horse hair, nylon, and stainless steel, respectively. In conditions without the fan running to see the effect of airflow, the particle removal efficiency was relatively low at 58.2 ± 8.4, 53.6 ± 9.2, and 58.0 ± 7.3%. Then, to check the dust collection performance according to the density, the number of brushes was increased to densify the density, and the horse hair, nylon, and stainless steel brush filters showed a maximum dust collection performance of 89.6 ± 2.2, 88.3 ± 3.2, and 82.1 ± 3.8%, respectively. To determine the replacement cycle of the non-powered brush filter, the particulate removal performance was initially 88.0 ± 3.2% when five horse hair brushes were used. Over time, particulate matter tended to gradually decrease, but after a period of time, particulate matter tended to increase again. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the particulate matter removal performance using a brush filter that generates electrostatic force without a separate power source. This study's brush filter is expected to solve the maintenance problems caused by the purchase and frequent replacement of expensive HEPA filters that occur with existing abatement devices, and the ozone problems caused by abatement devices that use high voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseok Heo
- Environment Research Institute, Ajou University, Suwon City 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Transportation Environmental Research, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Republic of Korea;
| | - Minyoung Yoon
- Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon City 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Duckshin Park
- Department of Transportation Environmental Research, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Republic of Korea;
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Yang Z, Zamarud A, Marianayagam N, Park D, Yener U, Soltys SG, Chang SD, Meola A, Lu W, Gu X. Overall Survival Prediction in Stereotactic Radiosurgery Patients with Glioblastoma Via a Deep-Learning Approach. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e159. [PMID: 37784752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Accurate and automated early survival prediction is critical for glioblastoma (GBM) patients as their poor prognosis requires timely treatment decision-making. We have developed a deep learning (DL)-based GBM overall survival (OS) prediction model based on a multi-institutional public dataset using only pre-operative basic structural multi-parametric magnetic resonance images (MRIs). The purpose of this study is to evaluate this DL-based OS prediction model with an institutional stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) clinical trial dataset. MATERIALS/METHODS The task of this study is to classify GBM patients into 3 OS classes: long-survivors (>15 months), mid-survivors (between 10 and 15 months) and short-survivors (< 10 months). The proposed OS prediction model is an ensemble of a ResNet-based classifier and a K-NN classifier. The ResNet-based classifier is trained in a Siamese fashion to explore inter-class differences. During testing, training sample features are implemented with a K-NN classifier to ensemble with the ResNet-based classifier. A public dataset from Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenge 2020 (235 patients) were used for model establishing and initial validation. Then the validated model was evaluated on 19 GBM patients from an institutional SRS clinical trial. Each data entry consists of pre-operative basic structural multi-parametric MRIs and survival days, as well as patient ages for BraTS data and basic clinical characteristics for institutional data. GBM sub-regions, including contrast-enhancing tumor, peri-tumoral edema, and necrotic/non-enhancing tumor core, were segmented in the multi-parametric MRIs by an in-house DL model for both datasets. The OS prediction model was trained on 90% of the segmented BraTS data and validated on the rest 10%, then further evaluated on the institutional data. The model performance was assessed by prediction accuracy (ACC) and the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS For this 3-class OS classification task, our DL-based prediction model achieved an ACC of 65.22% and an AUC of 0.81 on the BraTS dataset compared with the top-ranked result from the BraTS challenge 2020 (Rank 1st: ACC 61.7%), and an ACC of 52.63% and an AUC of 0.69 on the institutional dataset. Further analysis of the institutional dataset found that the predicted OS class had a statistically significant correlation with treatment volume (p = 0.012) and age (p = 0.006), which matches the analysis that the patients' ground truth OS class is statistical significantly correlated with treatment volume (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Our DL-based OS prediction model for GBM using basic structural multi-parametric pre-operative MRIs has demonstrated promising performance in both public and institutional dataset with minimal manual processing requirements. This OS prediction model can be potentially applied to assist timely clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - A Zamarud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - N Marianayagam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - D Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - U Yener
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - S G Soltys
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - S D Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - A Meola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - W Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - X Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Scott JW, Nguyen MD, Park D, Halperin WP. Magnetic Susceptibility of Andreev Bound States in Superfluid ^{3}He-B. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:046001. [PMID: 37566829 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.046001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of superfluid ^{3}He imbibed in anisotropic aerogel reveal anomalous behavior at low temperatures. Although the frequency shift clearly identifies a low-temperature phase as the B phase, the magnetic susceptibility does not display the expected decrease associated with the formation of the opposite-spin Cooper pairs. This susceptibility anomaly appears to be the predicted high-field behavior corresponding to the Ising-like magnetic character of surface Andreev bound states within the planar aerogel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Scott
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M D Nguyen
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - D Park
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - W P Halperin
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Yap T, Gainor J, McKean M, Bockorny B, Barve M, Sweis R, Vaishampayan U, Tarhini A, Kilari D, Chand A, Abdul-Karim R, Park D, Babu S, Ju Y, Dewall S, Liu L, Kennedy A, Marantz J, Gan L. 1O Safety, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and biomarker results of SRK-181 (a latent TGFβ1 inhibitor) from a phase I trial (DRAGON trial). ESMO Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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9
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Thangavel P, Kim KY, Park D, Lee YC. Evaluation of Health Economic Loss Due to Particulate Matter Pollution in the Seoul Subway, South Korea. Toxics 2023; 11:113. [PMID: 36850988 PMCID: PMC9960099 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating an illness's economic impact is critical for developing and executing appropriate policies. South Korea has mandatory national health insurance in the form of NHIS that provides propitious conditions for assessing the national financial burden of illnesses. The purpose of our study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the economic impact of PM2.5 exposure in the subway and a comparative analysis of cause-specific mortality outcomes based on the prevalent health-risk assessment of the health effect endpoints (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and ischemic heart disease (IHD)). We used the National Health Insurance database to calculate the healthcare services provided to health-effect endpoints, with at least one primary diagnosis in 2019. Direct costs associated with health aid or medicine, treatment, and indirect costs (calculated based on the productivity loss in health effect endpoint patients, transportation, and caregivers, including morbidity and mortality costs) were both considered. The total cost for the exposed population for these endpoints was estimated to be USD 437 million per year. Medical costs were the largest component (22.08%), followed by loss of productivity and premature death (15.93%) and other costs such as transport and caregiver costs (11.46%). The total incurred costs (per 1000 persons) were accounted to be USD 0.1771 million, USD 0.42 million, and USD 0.8678 million for COPD, Asthma, and IHD, respectively. Given that the economic burden will rise as the prevalence of these diseases rises, it is vital to adopt effective preventative and management methods strategies aimed at the appropriate population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Thangavel
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Youb Kim
- Department of Mobile IoT, Osan University, 45 Cheonghak-ro, Osan-si 18119, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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10
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Lee G, KIM M, Park D, Yoo C. Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) Sources and Its Individual Contribution Estimation Using a Positive Matrix Factorization Model. Toxics 2023; 11:69. [PMID: 36668795 PMCID: PMC9866003 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effective management and regulation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is essential in the Republic of Korea, where PM2.5 concentrations are very high. To do this, however, it is necessary to identify sources of PM2.5 pollution and determine the contribution of each source using an acceptance model that includes variability in the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of PM2.5, which change according to its spatiotemporal characteristics. In this study, PM2.5 was measured using PMS-104 instruments at two monitoring stations in Bucheon City, Gyeonggi Province, from 22 April to 3 July 2020; the PM2.5 chemical composition was also analyzed. Sources of PM2.5 pollution were then identified and the quantitative contribution of each source to the pollutant mix was estimated using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. From the PMF analysis, secondary aerosols, coal-fired boilers, metal-processing facilities, motor vehicle exhaust, oil combustion residues, and soil-derived pollutants had average contribution rates of 5.73 μg/m3, 3.11 μg/m3, 2.14 μg/m3, 1.94 μg/m3, 1.87 μg/m3, and 1.47 μg/m3, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.87, indicating the reliability of the PMF model. Conditional probability function plots showed that most of the air pollutants came from areas where PM2.5-emitting facilities are concentrated and highways are present. Pollution sources with high contribution rates should be actively regulated and their management prioritized. Additionally, because automobiles are the leading source of artificially-derived PM2.5, their effective control and management is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahye Lee
- Seohaean Research Institute, Chung Nam Institute, Hongseong 32227, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyeong KIM
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkyoo Yoo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Ngoc LTN, Park D, Lee YC. Human Health Impacts of Residential Radon Exposure: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:ijerph20010097. [PMID: 36612419 PMCID: PMC9819115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of residential radon exposure on human cancers (i.e., lung cancer and childhood leukemia) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of case−control studies. A total of 9724 articles obtained from electronic databases were assessed; however, only 55 case−control studies were eligible after manually screening and eliminating unnecessary studies. The causal associations were addressed by determining the meta-analysis’s estimated size effects (i.e., ORs/RRs) of the meta-analysis. Residential radon was revealed to significantly increase the incidence of lung cancer and childhood leukemia with pooled ORs of 1.38 [1.19; 1.60] (I2 = 90%; p < 0.00001) and 1.43 [1.19; 1.72] (I2 = 0% and p = 0.51), respectively. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed to reduce the heterogeneity of the initial meta-analyses. The results provided strong evidence that inhaling radon in the indoor environments is closely associated with the development of lung cancer and childhood leukemia in patients living in Europe and areas with high radon levels (≥100 Bq/m3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Nhu Ngoc
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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12
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Harris E, Thacker L, Takayesu J, Jolly S, Park D, Russo A, Kidd E, Shah A, Damast S, Fields E. Multi-Institutional Evaluation of Health Disparities in Rural Cervical Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Park D, Sawin Y, Niemierko A, Foote C, Irwin K, Russo A. Understanding Anxiety in Patients Receiving Vaginal Brachytherapy for Endometrial Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Heo J, Lee J, Park D. Effects of Brush-Type Ionizer Materials on Virus Inactivation. Toxics 2022; 10:611. [PMID: 36287891 PMCID: PMC9606954 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have found that bioaerosols are harmful to humans. In particular, infectious viruses, such as the virus that causes COVID-19, are increasing. Therefore, the research on methods for reducing bioaerosols is becoming progressively more important. The purpose of this study was to improve the existing electrostatic precipitator, which generates high concentrations of ozone, by reducing bioaerosols effectively without significant ozone production. A brush-type ionizer was studied as a replacement for the existing electrostatic precipitator. The study, which was conducted at the laboratory scale, determined the amounts of ions generated with different ionizer materials (carbon, copper, and stainless steel) and voltages (-1, -2, and -3 kV), as well as it compared the virus inactivation efficiency under the various conditions. As a result, about two million ions were produced when a voltage of -3 kV was applied to all of the materials, and 99.9 ± 0.2% and 98.8 ± 0.6% virus inactivation efficiencies were confirmed in the cases of carbon and copper, respectively. In addition, an assessment of the effect of flow velocity confirmed that the inactivation efficiency decreased as the flow velocity increased. However, the results for the flow velocities of 0.2 and 0.4 m/s had similar trends. Therefore, this system can be used with flow velocities up to 0.4 m/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseok Heo
- Transportation Environmental Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea
- Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Transportation Environmental Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea
- Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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15
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Pena B, Knight W, Cavasin M, Ferrari I, Abdel-Hafiz M, Vagnozzi R, Bosi S, Park D, Shandas R, Song K, McKinsey T, Sbaizero O, Taylor M, Prato M, Mestroni L. Injectable carbon nanotube-functionalized hydrogel as a tool for cardiac tissue engineering. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Heart failure (HF) is an expensive major public health problem in the United States and around the world (1). The current treatments for HF are aimed at reducing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and reducing mortality and not aimed at repairing heart muscle or restoring function. Furthermore, even with these treatments, approximately half of patients with HF will die within 5 years of diagnosis (2). Cardiac transplantation remains the only definitive treatment for those affected with end-stage HF, but availability of donor hearts remains a major limitation (3).
Purpose
The ability of the adult heart to regenerate cardiomyocytes (CMs) lost after injury is limited, generating interest in developing tissue engineering therapies to avoid progression towards HF. Rigid carbon nanotubes (CNTs) scaffolds have been used to improve CMs viability, proliferation, and maturation (4), but require undesirable invasive surgeries for implantation. To overcome this limitation, we engineered an injectable reverse thermal gel (RTG) functionalized with CNTs (RTG-CNT) that transitions from a liquid-solution to a gel-based matrix shortly after reaching body temperature allowing for a liquid-based delivery rapidly followed by a stable-gel localization (5).
Methods and results
Here we show experimental evidences the RTG-CNT hydrogel, used as a three-dimensional (3D) niche to culture human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-CMs, promotes hiPSC-CMs alignment and elongation with increased Cx43 localization and improved contraction function when compared with traditional two-dimensional (2D) fibronectin controls and plain 3D RTG system without CNTs. Moreover, the short-term (4-week) biocompatibility of the RTG-CNT hydrogel was also assessed in a mouse model (intracardial injection). The results confirmed that the RTG-CNT hydrogel is well tolerated by the cardiac tissue.
Conclusion
Our results indicated that the injectable RTG-CNT hydrogel has the potential to be used as a minimally invasive tool for cardiac tissue engineering efforts.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD (NHLBI) INSTITUTE
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pena
- University of Colorado , Aurora , United States of America
| | - W Knight
- University of Colorado , Aurora , United States of America
| | - M Cavasin
- University of Colorado , Aurora , United States of America
| | - I Ferrari
- University of Colorado , Aurora , United States of America
| | - M Abdel-Hafiz
- University of Colorado , Aurora , United States of America
| | - R Vagnozzi
- University of Colorado , Aurora , United States of America
| | - S Bosi
- University of Trieste, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Trieste , Italy
| | - D Park
- University of Colorado , Aurora , United States of America
| | - R Shandas
- University of Colorado , Aurora , United States of America
| | - K Song
- University of Colorado , Aurora , United States of America
| | - T McKinsey
- University of Colorado , Aurora , United States of America
| | - O Sbaizero
- University of Trieste, Engineering and Architecture , Trieste , Italy
| | - M Taylor
- University of Colorado , Aurora , United States of America
| | - M Prato
- University of Trieste, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Trieste , Italy
| | - L Mestroni
- University of Colorado , Aurora , United States of America
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16
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Kim M, Park D, Kim D, Lee M, Jeon D, Jang S, Kim J, Kim E, Yoon K, Lim S, Lee K, Choi S. Discovery of an allosteric small molecule inhibitor that can potently target SHP2 in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Choi ES, Yook SJ, Kim M, Park D. Study on the Ventilation Method to Maintain the PM 10 Concentration in a Subway Cabin below 35 μg/m 3. Toxics 2022; 10:560. [PMID: 36287841 PMCID: PMC9612300 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The city of Seoul will limit the maximum particulate matter (PM10) concentration to ≤35 μg/m3 (from 2024). Herein, a numerical parametric study was conducted on the PM removal efficiency of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) filters installed in the ceiling of subway cabins. The PM10 concentration distribution was explored according to the flow rate and flow rate ratio of the air introduced into the cabin. Under the current ventilation conditions of the subway train HVAC system, the PM10 concentration was highest in the cabin central area where exhaust outlets are located and decreased toward both ends of the cabin. The indoor airflow was improved and the PM10 concentration was reduced by increasing the flow rate of the supplied air at both ends of the cabin while decreasing it in the central area. It was found that the strengthened PM10 concentration criterion of Seoul can be met by increasing the ventilation flow rate to 700 CMH (currently, 500 CMH) and the filter efficiency to 85% (currently, 70%) while maintaining the current flow rate ratio. These results are expected to be used as important reference data for reducing the PM concentration in subway cabins and thereby improving indoor air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seo Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Se-Jin Yook
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Artificial Intelligence Railroad Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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18
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Bakht A, Sharma S, Park D, Lee H. Deep Learning-Based Indoor Air Quality Forecasting Framework for Indoor Subway Station Platforms. Toxics 2022; 10:557. [PMID: 36287838 PMCID: PMC9609938 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) of sizes less than 10 µm (PM10) and 2.5 µm (PM2.5) found in the environment is a major health concern. As PM is more prevalent in an enclosed environment, such as a subway station, this can have a negative impact on the health of commuters and staff. Therefore, it is essential to continuously monitor PM on underground subway platforms and control it using a subway ventilation control system. In order to operate the ventilation system in a predictive way, a credible prediction model for indoor air quality (IAQ) is proposed. While the existing deterministic methods require extensive calculations and domain knowledge, deep learning-based approaches showed good performance in recent studies. In this study, we develop an effective hybrid deep learning framework to forecast future PM10 and PM2.5 on a subway platform using past air quality data. This hybrid framework is an integration of several deep learning frameworks, namely, convolution neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and deep neural network (DNN), and is called hybrid CNN-LSTM-DNN; it has the characteristics to capture temporal patterns and informative characteristics from the indoor and outdoor air quality parameters compared with the standalone deep learning models. The effectiveness of the proposed PM10 and PM2.5 forecasting framework is demonstrated using comparisons with the different existing deep learning models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahtesham Bakht
- School of Industrial Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Shambhavi Sharma
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Department of Transportation Environmental Research, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang 16105, Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation System Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Department of Transportation Environmental Research, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang 16105, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Lee
- School of Industrial Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
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19
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Kim SG, Sung G, Yook SJ, Kim M, Park D. Reducing PM 10 and PM 2.5 Concentrations in a Subway Station by Changing the Diffuser Arrangement. Toxics 2022; 10:537. [PMID: 36136502 PMCID: PMC9502813 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
According to the stringent regulations on particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Seoul, Korea, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in subway stations must be maintained below 50 and 30 μg/m3, respectively, by 2024. Therefore, the PM concentrations in a subway station were analyzed considering air-conditioning diffuser arrangement and filtration efficiency, with the total ventilation flow rate of the station maintained constant. Dynamic analysis was performed under a worst-case scenario, wherein outdoor air was introduced through ground entrances and high-concentration dust (PM10, PM2.5) was introduced from stationary train cabins into the platforms through open platform screen doors (PSDs). Although the average PM concentrations were predicted to satisfy the reinforced criteria of Seoul under the existing operating conditions, the recommended limits were exceeded in certain local areas. To address this, the PM concentrations were predicted by changing the diffuser arrangement in the waiting room and maintaining the total ventilation flow rate constant. When the diffusers were placed near the waiting room walls, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were reduced by approximately 10.5 and 5%, respectively, compared to the previous diffuser arrangement. Thus, the required PM concentration criteria were satisfied in nearly all areas of the target station, except for certain areas close to PSDs. The study findings can form the basis for improving the air quality of other subway stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Gyu Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Gibong Sung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Se-Jin Yook
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Artificial Intelligence Railroad Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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20
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Chee L, Ritchie D, Ludford-Menting M, Ripley J, Chung J, Park D, Norton S, Kenealy M, Koldej R. Dysregulation of immune cell and cytokine signaling correlates with clinical outcomes in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Eur J Haematol 2021; 108:342-353. [PMID: 34963023 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. Although hypomethylating agents (HMA) have improved survival in higher-risk MDS, most patients eventually succumb to progressive disease. Utilizing samples collected prospectively from three MDS clinical trials, we analyzed genetic and immunological biomarkers and correlated them with clinical outcomes. METHODS 154 samples were analyzed from 133 de novo MDS patients for T-cell and myeloid cell immunophenotyping and gene expression analysis. Treatments were with HMA or immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) alone or in combination. RESULTS We observed differences in immune cell subsets between lower and higher risk IPSS groups with NKT cells, MDSCs, intermediate-proinflammatory and non-classical monocytes being higher in the latter group while naïve CD4+ T-cells were reduced. Intermediate-proinflammatory monocytes were increased in non-responders and those failing to achieve at least a hematological improvement. Pro-inflammatory NKT cells were increased at diagnosis for patients failing to derive clinical benefit after 12 months of treatment. Gene expression analysis of paired bone marrow (BM) colony-forming units (CFUs) from diagnosis and 4 cycles post-treatment confirmed that genes involved in cytokine signaling were downregulated in C4 normal colonies. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the central roles of dysregulation in innate immunity and inflammatory signaling in the pathogenesis of MDS which correlated with clinical outcomes post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chee
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Translational Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.,The Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
| | - D Ritchie
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Translational Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.,The Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia
| | - M Ludford-Menting
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Translational Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - J Ripley
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Translational Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - J Chung
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - D Park
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - S Norton
- Nanix Limited, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M Kenealy
- The Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia.,Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, VIC, 3144, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - R Koldej
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Translational Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
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21
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Kim MK, Park D, Kim DY. Quantification of the Ecological Value of Railroad Development Areas Using Logistic Regression Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182211764. [PMID: 34831520 PMCID: PMC8625805 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
According to the national railway network construction plan, Investment in railways has increased due to the need for environmentally friendly transportation, and the rail network is expanding throughout South Korea. Railway projects should be evaluated using strategic environmental impact assessments. In the "Guidelines for the Construction of Environment-friendly Railways", seven priority headings that must be considered for railway projects are described. This guide notes that qualitative evaluation must be conducted during the survey process to reasonably predict impacts on the environment. However, quantitative evaluation with specific indicator values may also be necessary. In this study, independence analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to quantitatively evaluate railway environmental and ecological indicators. The results were used to develop a regression model reflecting seven indicators; biodiversity class, ecosystem type, vegetation conservation class, tree age class, ecological naturalness, presence of river ecosystems, and fragmented patch size. The fitness regression model showed 90.3% classification accuracy and the receiver operating curve (ROC) model fit was 88.6%. An environmental quality assessment map was prepared by classifying areas of environmental quality according to five grades. This is the first model for environmental and ecological evaluation of railway projects. Evaluation using the map showed that the railroad passes through areas with lower protection values compared to the results obtained using the national environmental evaluation map. Kappa analysis showed a low level of agreement between the two maps (kappa coefficient = 0.212). The results of this study can be applied to railway development project sites and may help to identify the best sites for the development of an environmentally friendly railway system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyeong Kim
- Railroad Test & Certification Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea;
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea;
| | - Dong Yeob Kim
- School of Civil, Architectural Engineering & Landscape Architecture, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobo-ro, Suwon 2066, Korea
- Correspondence:
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22
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Nguyen MK, Park D, Lee YC. Influence of Chitosan-Based Carbon Dots on Astaxanthin Production of Green Alga Tetraselmis sp. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2021; 21:3689-3696. [PMID: 33715675 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CDs are carbon fluorescent nanomaterials that have gained significant attention in recent years owing to their unique properties. In this work, we utilized a simple solution to produce CDs with func-tionalized amino groups via a one-step carbonization from a chitosan precursor. This simultaneous approach does not use special reagent for either the formation step or the amino-functionalization step of CDs. The as-prepared amino-functionalized CDs that possesses expected characteristics, such as nano-size distribution, monodispersible, high blue light emission, high absolute quantum yield of 5.52%, and functionalized amino groups on the surface. Furthermore, this work demonstrated the low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility of the CDs, through the improvements in the astaxanthin production of alga Tetraselmis sp. (more than doubled (up to 0.044 mg/L), relative to the control). Thus, as-prepared CDs have promising properties not only for applications in bioimaging, drug delivery or sensors, but also as promoter in algal biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Kim Nguyen
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), #176 Cheoldo bangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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23
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Ghoreifi Nejadian S, Kaneko M, Cacciamani G, Iwata A, Shakir A, Lebastchi A, Park D, Ukimura O, Bahn D, Gill I, Peretsman S, Abreu A. Patients report satisfaction/regret following focal therapy for localized prostate cancer: A prospective multicenter evaluation. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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KIM MK, Jang Y, Heo J, Park D. A UAV-Based Air Quality Evaluation Method for Determining Fugitive Emissions from a Quarry during the Railroad Life Cycle. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21093206. [PMID: 34063064 PMCID: PMC8125010 DOI: 10.3390/s21093206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gravel is used in railway infrastructure to reduce environmental impacts and noise, but gravel on tracks must be replaced continuously because it deforms due to wear and weathering. It is therefore necessary to review the entire railroad life cycle. In this study, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to measure resuspended dust over a wide area. The dust was generated from transport movements in relation to the operation of a quarry, which represents the first stage of the railway life cycle. The dust was measured at Gangwon-do quarry using a Sniffer4D module, which can provide measurements at 1 s intervals through a light scattering method and has high reliability (R2 = 0.95 for PM2.5, R2 = 0.88 for PM10). The hourly generation of fugitive dust was calculated as 2937.5 g/h for PM2.5 and 4293.2 g/h for PM10. The social cost of dust generation was calculated as KRW 36.59 billion. The amount of dust generated per hour at the quarry was ~12 times greater than that generated by the operation of a regulator as a maintenance vehicle, with the largest amount of fugitive dust generated by the washing-type vehicle. This is the first study to measure the amount of fugitive dust generated in real time at 1 s intervals by monitoring the first stage of the railroad life cycle over a wide area using a Sniffer4D module attached to a UAV. This method can be replicated for use in various studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-kyeong KIM
- Railroad Test & Certification Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea;
| | - Yelim Jang
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea; (Y.J.); (J.H.)
- Department of Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Heo
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea; (Y.J.); (J.H.)
- Department of Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea; (Y.J.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Zhang D, Fu Y, Zhou L, Liang N, Wang T, Del Rio P, Rausei S, Boni L, Park D, Jafari J, Kargar S, Kim HY, Tanda ML, Dionigi G, Sun H. Thyroid surgery during coronavirus-19 pandemic phases I, II and III: lessons learned in China, South Korea, Iran and Italy. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1065-1073. [PMID: 32876925 PMCID: PMC7463102 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared demographic and clinic-pathological variables related to the number of surgeries for thyroid conditions or for cancer, morbidity, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) practices among Covid19 pandemic phases I, II, III and the same seasonal periods in 2019. METHODS The prospective database of the Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China was used for this study. Covid19 emergency levels were stratified according to the World Health Organization: phase I (January 25-February 25, 2020), phase II (February 26-March 19), phase III (March 20-April 20). RESULTS There were fewer outpatient FNAs and surgeries in 2020 than in 2019. There were no thyroid surgeries during phase I. There were also fewer surgeries for cancer with a significant reduction of advanced stage cancer treatments, mainly stage T1b N1a in phase II and T3bN1b in phase III. Operative times and postoperative stays were significantly shorter during the pandemic compared to our institutional baseline. In phase III, vocal cord paralysis (VCP) increased to 4.3% of our baseline numbers (P = 0.001). There were no cases of Covid19-related complications during the perioperative period. No patients required re-admission to the hospital. CONCLUSION The Covid19 outbreak reduced thyroid surgery patient volumes. The decrease of Covid19 emergency plans contributed to unexpected outcomes (reduction of early stage cancer treatment, decreased operative times and hospital stays, increased VCP rate).
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Zhang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, Changchun, 130000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Y. Fu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, Changchun, 130000 People’s Republic of China
| | - L. Zhou
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, Changchun, 130000 People’s Republic of China
| | - N. Liang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, Changchun, 130000 People’s Republic of China
| | - T. Wang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, Changchun, 130000 People’s Republic of China
| | - P. Del Rio
- Department of Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S. Rausei
- Department of Surgery, ASST Valle Olona, Gallarate, Italy
| | - L. Boni
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D. Park
- Department of Surgery, KUMC Thyroid Center, Korea University Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Jafari
- Shahid Sadoughi Yazd Medical University, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - S. Kargar
- Shahid Sadoughi Yazd Medical University, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - H. Y. Kim
- Department of Surgery, KUMC Thyroid Center, Korea University Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M. L. Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo, Viale Borri, 57, Varèse, Italy
| | - G. Dionigi
- Division of Endocrine and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University Hospital “G. Martino”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - H. Sun
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, Changchun, 130000 People’s Republic of China
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Cho S, Lee G, Park D, Kim M. Study on Characteristics of Particulate Matter Resuspension in School Classroom through Experiments Using a Simulation Chamber: Influence of Humidity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18062856. [PMID: 33799654 PMCID: PMC8000034 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resuspension of particulate matter (PM) in classrooms, which increases the risk of negative impact on student health from exposure to PM, is influenced by humidity level in the indoor environment. The goal of this study is to investigate the properties of PM resuspension in accordance with relative humidity through classroom test chamber experiments. In actual classrooms, it is challenging to control factors influencing resuspension. Therefore, the classroom chamber that reflects the environment of elementary school classroom (e.g., structure, floor material) is used in this study. The humidity of the classroom chamber is adjusted to 35%, 55%, 75%, and 85% by placing it inside a real-size environmental chamber, which allows artificial control of climatic conditions. At the respective humidity conditions, PM resuspension concentration and resuspension factor caused by occupant walking across the classroom chamber are analyzed. The results show that both of the resuspension concentration and resuspension factor reveal a linear negative correlation to humidity increase. Furthermore, coefficient of determination (R2) indicating goodness-of-fit of the linear regression model between the resuspension concentration and humidity is 0.88 for PM10 and 0.93 for PM2.5. It implies that accuracy of the regression model for estimating PM10 and PM2.5 resuspension concentrations is 88% and 93%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Cho
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea; (S.C.); (G.L.); (D.P.)
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Gahye Lee
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea; (S.C.); (G.L.); (D.P.)
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea; (S.C.); (G.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea; (S.C.); (G.L.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Park J, Park D, Chu H. Picc insertion and management in patients with parenteral nutriton support. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kim MK, Jang Y, Park D. Determination of the Optimum Removal Efficiency of Fine Particulate Matter Using Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17218230. [PMID: 33171737 PMCID: PMC7664378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Korea, concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) are significantly higher in urban railway tunnels (178.1 μg/m3) than in metropolitan areas (49 μg/m3). In railway tunnels in Korea, it was maintained at 3–4 times higher concentration than general atmosphere and platform. Dust generated by trains is scattered at high speed in these tunnels, making filtration difficult; therefore, the development of filters that can be maintained in tunnels is required. In the present study, we examined PM adsorption in the laboratory scale using activated carbon fiber (ACF), which has high adsorption and capacity. The ACF depth, velocity of flow, and fine PM concentration in the tunnel were the experimental variables. We compared PM concentrations before and after the filter experiments, and calculated removal efficiency to determine the optimal conditions. Comprehensive examination of the experimental variables and differential pressure showed that the optimal conditions for an ACF specimen were a wind speed of 3.0 m/s and the ACF depth of 400 mm. The average removal efficiency of PM10 was 55.5%, and that of PM2.5 was 36.6%. The reproducibility tests showed that the ACF filter could be washed and reused and is suitable for various places because it is easily maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyeong Kim
- Future Innovation R&D Strategy Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea;
| | - Yelim Jang
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea;
- Department of Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-031-460-5367
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Nguyen TN, Tran VV, Bui VKH, Kim M, Park D, Hur J, Kim IT, Lee HU, Ko S, Lee YC. A Novel Photocatalyst Composite of Magnesium Aminoclay and TiO₂ Immobilized into Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF) Matrix for Pollutant Removal. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2020; 20:6844-6849. [PMID: 32604525 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.18801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is a semiconductor photocatalyst widely applied in numerous fields due to possessing prominent photocatalytic properties. However, its practical applications in the form of nanoparticles or powders still have remained several limitations. Recently, novel photocatalytic porous composites have been discovered to be potential alternative approaches. In the present study, nanostructured magnesium-aminoclay-based TiO₂ (MgAC-TiO₂) was successfully deposited on an activated carbon fiber (ACF) matrix using the sol-gel approach followed by calcination at 350°C in an air atmosphere. The structure and photocatalytic activity of this as-prepared photocatalyst composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectral analysis. The photocatalytic activity of MgAC-TiO₂/ACF was investigated under batch conditions for the removal of methylene blue (MB) in solution under UV irradiation and dark conditions. The results revealed that MB is absorbed by MgAC-TiO₂/ACF and that its photodecomposition occurs under UV irradiation. The addition of MgAC can prevent the sintering of TiO₂ act as a dispersing agent to create a high specific surface area, and thus enhance photocatalytic efficiency. In addition, ACF in the MgAC-TiO₂/ACF composite can additionally improve the photocatalytic activity by hindering electron-hole recombination, which is known as a synergetic effect, and thereby enhancing the photodegradation and removal efficiency of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ngoc Nguyen
- NTTHi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Van Tran
- Department of BioNanoTechnology Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Vu Khac Hoang Bui
- Department of BioNanoTechnology Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Korea Railroad Research Institute, Transportation Environmental Research Team, Uiwang-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute, Transportation Environmental Research Team, Uiwang-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Hur
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Lee
- Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Ko
- Korea Railroad Research Institute, Transportation Environmental Research Team, Uiwang-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNanoTechnology Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
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Schiff J, Sittig M, Cook-Wiens G, Mirhadi A, Burnison M, Amersi F, Chung A, Dang C, Giuliano A, Karlan S, Basho R, el-Masry M, McAndrew P, McArthur H, Mita M, Park D, Shiao S. Impact of Age in Women with Stage I-III Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): A National Cancer Data Base (2004-2014) Report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Versoza M, Heo J, Ko S, Kim M, Park D. Solid Oxygen-Purifying (SOP) Filters: A Self-Disinfecting Filters to Inactivate Aerosolized Viruses. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7858. [PMID: 33120940 PMCID: PMC7662992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Normal heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems typically use high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, which can filter dust, various pollutants, and even bacteria and viruses from indoor air. However, since HEPA filters cannot not clean themselves and due to the nature of these microbes which can survive for long periods of time, changing these filters improperly could transmit pathogenic bacteria or viruses, and could even lead to new infections. This study indicated that these manufactured Solid Oxygen-purifying (SOP) filters have the potential to self-disinfect, filter, and inactivate aerosolized viruses. MS2 bacteriophage was used as a model virus in two different experiments. The first experiment involved aerosolization of the virus, while the second were a higher viral load using a soaking method. The SOP filters inactivated up to 99.8% of the virus particles in both experiments, provided that the density of the SOP filter was high. Thus, SOP filters could self-clean, which led to protection against airborne and aerosolized viruses by inactivating them on contact. Furthermore, SOP filters could be potentially use or addition in HVAC systems and face masks to prevent the transmission of airborne and aerosolized viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Versoza
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea; (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
- Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon City 34113, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Heo
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea; (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
- Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon City 34113, Korea
| | - Sangwon Ko
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea; (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea; (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea; (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
- Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon City 34113, Korea
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Liu R, Nikravan S, Horowitz R, Chaudry A, Diaz-Gomez J, Boesch B, Park D, Phillips C, Cosenza S, Thomas Y. 121 Evaluation of a Novel Ultrasound Machine Learning Algorithm in Estimating Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Park D, Goh CJ, Lee JS, Sebastiani F, Hahn Y. Identification of Pistacia-associated flexivirus 1, a putative mycovirus of the family Gammaflexiviridae, in the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus) transcriptome. Acta Virol 2020; 64:28-35. [PMID: 32180416 DOI: 10.4149/av_2020_104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we identified the genome sequence of the novel virus Pistacia-associated flexivirus 1 (PAFV1), a putative member of the mycovirus family Gammaflexiviridae (the order Tymovirales), via analysis of a transcriptome dataset for the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus, the family Anacardiaceae). PAFV1 was predicted to have three open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1, encoding a replicase (REP) with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity; ORF2, a movement protein (MP); and ORF3, a hypothetical protein. The PAFV1 REP sequence showed high similarity to those of three known members of the family Gammaflexiviridae i.e., Entoleuca gammaflexivirus 1 (EnFV1), Entoleuca gammaflexivirus 2 (EnFV2), and Botrytis virus F (BVF). A genome contig of the fungus Monosporascus cannonballus also contained a sequence of an endogenous virus similar to that of PAFV1. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis indicated that PAFV1, EnFV1, and the endogenous virus of M. cannonballus formed a distinct subgroup (apart from EnFV2 and BVF), and may be the founding members of a novel genus in the family Gammaflexiviridae. Notably, MP sequences of PAFV1/EnFV1 showed similarity to the MP sequences of the mycovirus group called tobamo-like mycoviruses (an unassigned taxon), implying that genomic recombination occurred between members of the family Gammaflexiviridae and tobamo-like mycoviruses. Since PAFV1 is phylogenetically related to mycoviruses, PAFV1 may also be a mycovirus that infected a fungus associated with the mastic tree sample, which is evidenced by the presence of fungal ribosomal RNA sequences in the mastic tree transcriptome. Thus, the PAFV1 genome sequence may be useful in elucidating the genome evolution of Gammaflexiviridae and tobamo-like mycoviruses. Keywords: Pistacia-associated flexivirus 1; Gammaflexiviridae; mycovirus, mastic tree.
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Sohng C, Han MH, Park D, Park KD, Jang YH, Lee WJ, Lee SJ, Kim JY. Clinical features of subungual melanoma according to the extent of Hutchinson's nail sign: a retrospective single-centre study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:380-386. [PMID: 32562580 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hutchinson's nail sign (HS) is among the diagnostic criteria for subungual melanoma (SUM). However, there is minimal evidence supporting the overall clinical significance of HS in SUM. OBJECTIVES To identify clinicopathological features of SUM according to the extent of HS. METHODS Retrospective cohort study was performed with consecutive SUM patients at a single centre from January 2006 to December 2017. The extent of HS was defined by the number of affected nail folds (range 0-4). Comparison groups were organized as follows: patients with HS (affecting ≥1 nail folds) vs. without HS; patients with HS affecting ≥2 nail folds vs. HS affecting <2 nail folds; patients with HS affecting ≥3 nail folds vs. HS affecting <3 nail folds. Clinicopathological characteristics of SUM were compared between the groups. RESULTS Sixty-one SUM patients were included. Forty-six (75.4%) exhibited HS; 22 (47.8%) on a toe and 24 (52.2%) on a finger. In multivariate analysis, nail destruction [hazard ratio (HR), 10.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.61-38.30; P = 0.001] was significantly associated with the presence of HS and amputation was significantly associated with HS affecting ≥2 nail folds (HR, 4.75; 95% CI, 1.36-16.61; P = 0.015). High T stage (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.20-2.85; P = 0.005, Fig. 2) was significantly associated with HS appearing in ≥3 nail folds. CONCLUSION Besides its value of detecting SUM, HS provides useful clinical information. The number of nail folds exhibiting HS could be a useful clinical clue for planning therapeutic strategies for SUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sohng
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - M H Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - D Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - K D Park
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Y H Jang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - W J Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - S J Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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Ha M, Son YR, Kim J, Park SM, Hong CM, Choi D, Kang W, Kim JH, Lee KJ, Park D, Han ME, Oh SO, Lee D, Kim YH. TEK is a novel prognostic marker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 23:1451-1458. [PMID: 30840266 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201902_17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer. However, effective therapeutics for ccRCC are lacking. Novel biomarkers could provide critical information when determining prognoses for patients with ccRCC. In this study, we sought to determine if the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase (TEK) could be a potential novel prognostic biomarker for ccRCC. TEK, originally identified as an endothelial cell-specific receptor, plays an important role in the modulation of vasculogenesis and remodeling. Altered TEK expression has been observed in tumor tissues (e.g., oral squamous cell carcinomas, leukemia) and breast, gastric and thyroid cancers. However, the role of TEK in ccRCC remains unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS Differential TEK expression between non-metastatic (stage M0) and metastatic (stage M1) ccRCC patient cohorts was determined from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). Furthermore, TEK expression was assessed as a prognostic factor using the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) of Uno's C-index, the AUC value of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) at 5 years, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate analyses. RESULTS A Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that the downregulation of TEK expression was associated with a poor prognosis for patients with ccRCC with good discrimination (p<0.0001 and p=0.0044 for the TGCA and ICGC cohorts, respectively). Analyses of C-indices and receiver operating characteristic AUC values further support this discriminative ability. Moreover, multivariate analyses showed the prognostic significance of TEK expression levels (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although additional clinical investigations will be needed, our results suggest that TEK is a potential biomarker for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ha
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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Bui VKH, Tran VV, Moon JY, Park D, Lee YC. Titanium Dioxide Microscale and Macroscale Structures: A Mini-Review. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1190. [PMID: 32570846 PMCID: PMC7353431 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have some limitations, such as their low surface area, high bandgap energy, and low recycling ability. To overcome these limitations, TiO2 can be prepared in microscale/macroscale structures. TiO2 microscale structures, in comparison with TiO2 nanopowder, have higher surface areas, more tunable pore structures, and better top photocatalytic activity. In contrast, for TiO2 macroscale structures, although the surface area is lower than TiO2 nanopowder in many cases, they still achieve similar or better photocatalytic performance due to their unique properties. Moreover, both TiO2 microscale and macroscale structures can be easily recovered from reaction media. The difference between these two types of TiO2 structures is a function not only of size but also of the preparation process. Every type of TiO2 structure has its own advantages and disadvantages, as will be discussed further in the following pages. Future perspectives on this research field also will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Khac Hoang Bui
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; (V.K.H.B.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Vinh Van Tran
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; (V.K.H.B.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Department of Beauty Design Management, Hansung University, 116 Samseongyoro-16gil, Seoul 02876, Korea;
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do 16105, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; (V.K.H.B.); (V.V.T.)
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Kim MK, Park D, Kim M, Heo J, Park S, Chong H. A Study on Characteristic Emission Factors of Exhaust Gas from Diesel Locomotives. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17113788. [PMID: 32471048 PMCID: PMC7312617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Use of diesel locomotives in transport is gradually decreasing due to electrification and the introduction of high-speed electric rail. However, in Korea, up to 30% of the transportation of passengers and cargo still uses diesel locomotives and diesel vehicles. Many studies have shown that exhaust gas from diesel locomotives poses a threat to human health. This study examined the characteristics of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons in diesel locomotive engine exhaust. Emission concentrations were evaluated and compared with the existing regulations. In the case of PM and NOx, emission concentrations increased as engine output increased. High concentrations of CO were detected at engine start and acceleration, while hydrocarbons showed weakly increased concentrations regardless of engine power. Based on fuel consumption and engine power, the emission patterns of PM and gaseous substances observed in this study were slightly higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tier standard and the Korean emission standard. Continuous monitoring and management of emissions from diesel locomotives are required to comply with emission standards. The findings of this study revealed that emission factors varied based on fuel consumption, engine power, and actual driving patterns. For the first time, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS), normally used to measure exhaust gas from diesel vehicles, was used to measure exhaust gas from diesel locomotives, and the data acquired were compared with previous results. This study is meaningful as the first example of measuring the exhaust gas concentration by connecting a PEMS to a diesel locomotive, and in the future, a study to measure driving characteristics and exhaust gas using a PEMS should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyeong Kim
- Future Innovative R&D Strategy Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang 16105, Korea;
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang 16105, Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-031-460-5367
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang 16105, Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Jaeseok Heo
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang 16105, Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
- Department of Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sechan Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), Uiwang 16105, Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
- Department of Transportation System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hwansoo Chong
- Transportation Environmental Research Institute, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea;
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Tran VV, Park D, Lee YC. Indoor Air Pollution, Related Human Diseases, and Recent Trends in the Control and Improvement of Indoor Air Quality. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2927. [PMID: 32340311 PMCID: PMC7215772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution (IAP) is a serious threat to human health, causing millions of deaths each year. A plethora of pollutants can result in IAP; therefore, it is very important to identify their main sources and concentrations and to devise strategies for the control and enhancement of indoor air quality (IAQ). Herein, we provide a critical review and evaluation of the major sources of major pollutant emissions, their health effects, and issues related to IAP-based illnesses, including sick building syndrome (SBS) and building-related illness (BRI). In addition, the strategies and approaches for control and reduction of pollutant concentrations are pointed out, and the recent trends in efforts to resolve and improve IAQ, with their respective advantages and potentials, are summarized. It is predicted that the development of novel materials for sensors, IAQ-monitoring systems, and smart homes is a promising strategy for control and enhancement of IAQ in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Van Tran
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea;
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea;
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Ngoc LTN, Lee Y, Chun HS, Moon JY, Choi JS, Park D, Lee YC. Correlation of α/γ-Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles with the toxicity of particulate matter originating from subway tunnels in Seoul stations, Korea. J Hazard Mater 2020; 382:121175. [PMID: 31561194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
According to the increasing concern about particulate matter (PM) pollution at subway systems, particularly its potentially severe effects on human health, this study investigated the constituents, characteristics, and toxicity of PM collected at underground subway stations in Seoul, Korea. It was found that α/γ-Fe2O3 NPs, which are considered as thermal products derived from the brake-wheel-rail interface, were the main components of PM (57.6% and 48% of PM10 and PM2.5, respectively). In addition, hydrothermally synthesized α/γ-Fe2O3 NPs, proposing to possess similar properties to those of Fe2O3 contained in PM, were used to investigate the correlation of these oxides with PM toxicity. In particular, the synthesized γ-Fe2O3 NPs induced a negligibly toxic, while the synthesized α-Fe2O3 NPs and PM showed remarkably toxic effects on HeLa cells and zebrafish embryos, specifically in reducing cell proliferation to 85% and 72% survival, causing high apoptosis of 29.8% and 29.3%, and inhibiting the development of embryos up to 60% and 8% after prolonged exposure, respectively. It is considered that α-Fe2O3 NPs were primarily responsible for the harmful effects of PM, resulting in significant damage to DNA due to their capacity of producing high reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, thus, deleterious effects on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Nhu Ngoc
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongil Lee
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Suk Chun
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Department of Beauty Design Management, Hansung University, 116 Samseongyoro-16gil, Seoul, 02876, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Choi
- Analysis Center for Research Advancement, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Versoza M, Jung W, Barabad ML, Ko S, Kim M, Park D. Reduction of Escherichia Coli Using Metal Plates with the Influenced of Applied Low Current and Physical Barrier of Filter Layers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16203887. [PMID: 31615027 PMCID: PMC6843430 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although metal contact is known to reduce bacterial growth, the effects of physical barriers and electricity need further investigation. This study examined the bacteria-reducing properties of copper and stainless-steel metal plates with an added electrical current and up to three filter layers on the growth of Escherichia coli (bacteria) and MS2 bacteriophages (virus). When used with a stainless-steel plate, electricity increased bacteria reduction by 39.5 ± 2.30% in comparison with no electricity added, whereas a three-layer physical barrier decreased its efficiency. Copper also reduced the growth of bacteria, by 58.2 ± 8.23%, and the addition of electricity reduced it further (79.5 ± 2.34%). Bacteriophages were also affected by the metal contact. Further experiments showed that MS2 was also reduced by copper, to 82.9 ± 4.5% after 24 h at 37 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Versoza
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea.
- Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon City 34113, Korea.
| | - Wonseok Jung
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea.
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Korea.
| | - Mona Loraine Barabad
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea.
- Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon City 34113, Korea.
| | - Sangwon Ko
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea.
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea.
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City 16105, Korea.
- Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon City 34113, Korea.
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Abstract
A novel composite, FexSnyOz, consisting of tin oxide and iron oxide was developed via a galvanic replacement reaction. The morphology, crystalline structure, and composition of the FexSnyOz composite were investigated by employing X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. When evaluated as an anode material using different binders, namely, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), the composite blended with the PAA binder displayed a high coulombic efficiency and excellent cycling stability compared to the composite mixed with the PVDF binder. The excellent electrochemical performance could be attributed to the different interactions between the current collector and the binders, as well as the volume accommodation during cycling. Therefore, the results indicated that the application of an appropriate binder could lead to a significant improvement in the electrochemical performance of FexSnyOz composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Loi Nguyen
- Future Materials and Devices Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
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Li H, Ho W, Cao J, Park D, Lee SC, Huang Y. Active Complexes on Engineered Crystal Facets of MnO x-CeO 2 and Scale-Up Demonstration on an Air Cleaner for Indoor Formaldehyde Removal. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:10906-10916. [PMID: 31441306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crystal facet-dominated surfaces determine the formation of surface-active complexes, and engineering specific facets is desirable for improving the catalytic activity of routine transition-metal oxides that often deactivate at low temperatures. Herein, MnOx-CeO2 was synthetically administered to tailor the exposure of three major facets, and their distinct surface-active complexes concerning the formation and quantitative effects of oxygen vacancies, catalytically active zones, and active-site behaviors were unraveled. Compared with two other low-index facets {110} and {001}, MnOx-CeO2 with exposed {111} facet showed higher activity for formaldehyde oxidation and CO2 selectivity. However, the {110} facet did not increase activity despite generating additional oxygen vacancies. Oxygen vacancies were highly stable on the {111} facet, and its bulk lattice oxygen at high migration rates could replenish the consumption of surface lattice oxygen, which was associated with activity and stability. High catalytically active regions were exposed at the {111}-dominated surfaces, wherein the predominated Lewis acid-base properties facilitated oxygen mobility and activation. The mineralization pathways of formaldehyde were examined by a combination of in situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry. The MnOx-CeO2-111 catalysts were subsequently scaled up to work as filter substrates in a household air cleaner. In in-field pilot tests, 8 h of exposure to an average concentration of formaldehyde after start-up of the air cleaner attained the Excellent Class of Indoor Air Quality Objectives in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Wingkei Ho
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies , The Education University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution , The City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG) and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team , The Korea Railroad Research Institute , Gyeonggi-do 16105 , South Korea
| | - Shun-Cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG) and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
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Bui VKH, Park D, Pham TN, An Y, Choi JS, Lee HU, Kwon OH, Moon JY, Kim KT, Lee YC. Synthesis of MgAC-Fe 3O 4/TiO 2 hybrid nanocomposites via sol-gel chemistry for water treatment by photo-Fenton and photocatalytic reactions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11855. [PMID: 31413304 PMCID: PMC6694146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
MgAC-Fe3O4/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites were synthesized in different ratios of MgAC-Fe3O4 and TiO2 precursor. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), electron spin resonance spectrometry (ESR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), photoluminescence (PL), and UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) were used to characterize the nanocomposites. The increase of MgAC-Fe3O4, in the hybrid nanocomposites’ core-shell structure, led to the decrease of anatase TiO2 peaks, thus reducing the photo-Fenton and photocatalytic activities. According to the obtained data, MgAC-Fe3O4 [0.05 g]/TiO2 showed the best photo-Fenton and photocatalytic activities, having removed ~93% of MB (photo-Fenton reaction) and ~80% of phenol (photocatalytic reaction) after 20 and 80 mins, respectively. On the pilot scale (30 L), MgAC-Fe3O4 [0.05 g]/TiO2 was completely removed after 27 and 30 hours by the photo-Fenton and photocatalytic activities, respectively. The synergistic effect gained from the combined photo-Fenton and photocatalytic activities of Fe3O4 and TiO2, respectively, was credited for the performances of the MgAC-Fe3O4/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Khac Hoang Bui
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16150, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyet Nhung Pham
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin An
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Choi
- Analysis Center for Research Advancement, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Lee
- Advanced Nano-surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Hyeok Kwon
- Department Beauty Design Management, Hansung University, 116 Samseongyoro-16gil, Seoul, 02876, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Department Beauty Design Management, Hansung University, 116 Samseongyoro-16gil, Seoul, 02876, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Choi YH, Li Y, Park D, Lee J, Michael PC, Bascuñàn J, Voccio JP, Iwasa Y, Tanaka H. A Tabletop Persistent-Mode, Liquid Helium-Free 1.5-T MgB2 "Finger" MRI Magnet: Construction and Operation of a Prototype Magnet. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 2019; 29:4400405. [PMID: 31156321 PMCID: PMC6538265 DOI: 10.1109/tasc.2019.2900057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents results of construction and operation of a persistent-mode, liquid-helium-free, small-scale prototype magnet for the development of a tabletop 1.5-T "finger" MRI system for osteoporosis screening. The prototype magnet, composed of 2 MgB2 coils, one superconducting joint, and a persistent-current switch (PCS) built from a portion of one coil, was wound with a one continuous ~80-m long unreacted and monofilament MgB2 wire and then reacted. The test magnet was charged successfully and generated the estimated target field of 1.75 T at 5 K with the proposed PCS operation. During initial persistent-mode, the field was slightly decayed due to the index dissipation of the joint; thereafter it sustained the persistent field of 1.7 T for 35 h. The test results validated the joint resistance of < 1.2 × 10-11 as well as the proposed approach involving the PCS coil circuit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Choi
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory/Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Y Li
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory/Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - D Park
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory/Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J Lee
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory/Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - P C Michael
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory/Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J Bascuñàn
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory/Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J P Voccio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Y Iwasa
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory/Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - H Tanaka
- Research and Development Group, Center for Technology Innovation-Energy, Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi-shi 3191221, Japan
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Abstract
The genome sequence of a novel species of the genus Waikavirus (the family Secoviridae), which we named Brassica napus RNA virus 1 (BnRV1), was identified in a rapeseed (Brassica napus) transcriptome dataset. The BnRV1 genome was 12,293 nucleotides long followed by a poly(A) tail. Two open reading frames (ORFs), called ORF1 and ORFX, were predicted. The larger ORF, ORF1, encodes a polyprotein of 3,471 amino acids and the smaller ORF, ORFX, overlaps ORF1 and encodes an 87 aa long protein of unknown function. The BnRV1 ORF1 polyprotein was predicted to undergo proteolytic processing to yield seven mature proteins, including an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and three distinct coat proteins. The ORF1 and ORFX proteins share sequence similarities with the respective proteins of viruses in the genus Waikavirus, including the bellflower vein chlorosis virus, rice tungro spherical virus, and maize chlorotic dwarf virus. A phylogenetic tree inferred from a conserved segment of the polyproteins of several Secoviridae viruses confirmed that BnRV1 is a novel species of the genus Waikavirus. The BnRV1 genome sequence identified in this study may be useful for the study of waikavirus biology and waikavirus-derived diseases. Keywords: Brassica napus RNA virus 1; Waikavirus; Secoviridae; rapeseed.
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Han S, Chung J, Kim Y, Kim K, Park D, Kwon K, Kim J. Clinicopathologic difference according to gender in gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Li H, Cui L, Lu Y, Huang Y, Cao J, Park D, Lee SC, Ho W. In Situ Intermediates Determination and Cytotoxicological Assessment in Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde: Implications for Catalyst Design and Selectivity Enhancement under Ambient Conditions. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:5230-5240. [PMID: 30990308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Formation and decay of formaldehyde oxides (CH2OO) affect the complete oxidation of formaldehyde. However, the speciation and reactivity of CH2OO are poorly understood because of its extremely fast kinetics and indirect measurements. Herein, three isomers of CH2OO (i.e., main formic acid, small dioxirane, and minor CH2OO Criegee) were in situ determined and confirmed as primary intermediates of the room-temperature catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde with two reference catalysts, that is, TiO2/MnO x-CeO2 and Pt/MnO x-CeO2. CH2OO Criegee is quite reactive, whereas formic acid and dioxirane have longer lifetimes. The production, stabilization, and removal of the three intermediates are preferentially performed at high humidity, matching well with the decay rate of CH2OO at approximately 6.6 × 103 s-1 in humid feed gas faster than 4.0 × 103 s-1 in dry feed. By contrast, given that a thinner water/TiO2 interface was well-defined in TiO2/MnO x-CeO2, fewer reductions in the active sites and catalytic activity were found when humidity was decreased. Furthermore, lethal intermediates mostly captured at the TiO2/MnO x-CeO2 surface suppressed the toxic off-gas emissions. This study provides practical insights into the rational design and selectivity enhancement of a reliable catalytic process for indoor air purification under unfavorable ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG) and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Yanfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG) and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG) and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG) and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team , The Korea Railroad Research Institute , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Shun-Cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Wingkei Ho
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies , The Education University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution , The City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
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48
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Laughter M, Bardill J, Anderson J, Park D. 953 Spray on skin: Engineering polymers for wound healing. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Reid D, Park D, Viswanath A, Finkelman M, Magnuson B, Oreadi D. Outcomes analysis of non-vascularized bone graft and free flap in mandibular reconstruction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Son YS, Oh YH, Choi IY, Dinh TV, Chung SG, Lee JH, Park D, Kim JC. Development of a magnetic hybrid filter to reduce PM10 in a subway platform. J Hazard Mater 2019; 368:197-203. [PMID: 30677651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the reduction of particulate matter (PM) in a subway platform using self-developed magnetic hybrid filters (magnet-magnet (MM) and magnet-cascade (MC) filter). The magnetic hybrid filter systems were installed and operated in Jegi-dong subway station (J station) platform. The removal efficiency of PM10 (particular matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) was evaluated according to various influencing factors such as the combination of filters, linear velocity, and operating conditions of trains. As a result, the average removal efficiency of the MC filter (40.5%) was higher than that of the MM one (27.0%). The maximum PM10 removal efficiencies by MM (34.1%) and MC (47.2%) filters were observed at 20 (linear velocity: 2.41 m/s) and 30 jog (8 m/s) dials, respectively. We additionally found that the removal efficiency of PM10 using MM and MC filters suddenly decreased when the concentration of background PM10 in the platform increased. Based on the results of this study, hybrid technology using two or more capture principles can remove PM more efficiently than technology using a single such principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Suk Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Trieu-Vuong Dinh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gwi Chung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Hyo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team and Subway Indoor Air Quality Corps, Korea Railroad Research Institute, 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16105, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Chun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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