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Sun Q, Rowland BT, Chen J, Mikhaylova AV, Avery C, Peters U, Lundin J, Matise T, Buyske S, Tao R, Mathias RA, Reiner AP, Auer PL, Cox NJ, Kooperberg C, Thornton TA, Raffield LM, Li Y. Improving polygenic risk prediction in admixed populations by explicitly modeling ancestral-differential effects via GAUDI. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1016. [PMID: 38310129 PMCID: PMC10838303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have shown successes in clinics, but most PRS methods focus only on participants with distinct primary continental ancestry without accommodating recently-admixed individuals with mosaic continental ancestry backgrounds for different segments of their genomes. Here, we develop GAUDI, a novel penalized-regression-based method specifically designed for admixed individuals. GAUDI explicitly models ancestry-differential effects while borrowing information across segments with shared ancestry in admixed genomes. We demonstrate marked advantages of GAUDI over other methods through comprehensive simulation and real data analyses for traits with associated variants exhibiting ancestral-differential effects. Leveraging data from the Women's Health Initiative study, we show that GAUDI improves PRS prediction of white blood cell count and C-reactive protein in African Americans by > 64% compared to alternative methods, and even outperforms PRS-CSx with large European GWAS for some scenarios. We believe GAUDI will be a valuable tool to mitigate disparities in PRS performance in admixed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bryce T Rowland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anna V Mikhaylova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christy Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jessica Lundin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Tara Matise
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Steve Buyske
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Paul L Auer
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, and Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Timothy A Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Noren DP, Johnson S, Boyd D, Ylitalo GM, Lundin J, McCormley M, Jensen ED. The dynamics of persistent organic pollutant (POP) transfer from female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) to their calves during lactation. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167888. [PMID: 37863220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are lipophilic compounds that can accumulate in high concentrations in the blubber of marine mammals, which are long-lived, top-level predators in their ecosystems. These compounds, which include DDTs, PCBs, PBDEs, HCHs, and CHLDs, impact mammalian health, including neurological effects, reduced immune system efficiency, and reproductive failure. POPs are transferred from females to their offspring during gestation and lactation, which have implications for the health of newborn marine mammals, particularly first-born offspring who receive higher concentrations. The dynamics of POP transfer during lactation have been studied in a few pinniped species, but there are no comparable studies on living cetaceans. Because life history strategies and behavior of lactating phocids differ from dolphins, a study on delphinid maternal transfer is warranted. To accomplish this, placenta and longitudinally collected blood and milk samples were taken concurrently from trained bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, mother/calf pairs to assess the dynamics of maternal contaminant transfer. Initial POP levels in placenta, blood serum, and milk varied by individual and were related to the age and reproductive history of the females. Regardless of initial POP levels, maternal serum and milk concentrations decreased while calf serum POP levels increased over time. Pollutant transfer varied by POP class and by congener. Contaminant transfer efficiency to calves was most apparent for 4- to 6‑chlorine PCBs, DDT isomers p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDD, and o,p'-DDE, trans-nonachlor, cis-nonachlor, heptachlor epoxide, nonachlor III, and oxychlordane. By the end of the lactation period, calf serum POP levels were considerably greater than those of their mothers, particularly for compounds with fewer chlorines. POP levels were most biomagnified in the calf born to the primiparous female. These results provide critical information on one component of contaminant transfer in the marine ecosystem and for understanding potential risks of POP exposure to developing odontocete calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn P Noren
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA.
| | - Shawn Johnson
- U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daryle Boyd
- Environmental Fisheries and Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Environmental Fisheries and Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica Lundin
- National Research Council, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Molly McCormley
- Lynker, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric D Jensen
- U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA, USA
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Jiang MZ, Gaynor SM, Li X, Van Buren E, Stilp A, Buth E, Wang FF, Manansala R, Gogarten SM, Li Z, Polfus LM, Salimi S, Bis JC, Pankratz N, Yanek LR, Durda P, Tracy RP, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Mitchell BD, Lewis JP, Psaty BM, Pratte KA, Silverman EK, Kaplan RC, Avery C, North K, Mathias RA, Faraday N, Lin H, Wang B, Carson AP, Norwood AF, Gibbs RA, Kooperberg C, Lundin J, Peters U, Dupuis J, Hou L, Fornage M, Benjamin EJ, Reiner AP, Bowler RP, Lin X, Auer PL, Raffield LM. Whole Genome Sequencing Based Analysis of Inflammation Biomarkers in the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.10.555215. [PMID: 37745480 PMCID: PMC10515765 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.10.555215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation biomarkers can provide valuable insight into the role of inflammatory processes in many diseases and conditions. Sequencing based analyses of such biomarkers can also serve as an exemplar of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits. To evaluate the biological insight, which can be provided by a multi-ancestry, whole-genome based association study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 21 inflammation biomarkers from up to 38,465 individuals with whole-genome sequencing from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. We identified 22 distinct single-variant associations across 6 traits - E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, interleukin-6, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and mass, and P-selectin - that remained significant after conditioning on previously identified associations for these inflammatory biomarkers. We further expanded upon known biomarker associations by pairing the single-variant analysis with a rare variant set-based analysis that further identified 19 significant rare variant set-based associations with 5 traits. These signals were distinct from both significant single variant association signals within TOPMed and genetic signals observed in prior studies, demonstrating the complementary value of performing both single and rare variant analyses when analyzing quantitative traits. We also confirm several previously reported signals from semi-quantitative proteomics platforms. Many of these signals demonstrate the extensive allelic heterogeneity and ancestry-differentiated variant-trait associations common for inflammation biomarkers, a characteristic we hypothesize will be increasingly observed with well-powered, large-scale analyses of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zhi Jiang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sheila M. Gaynor
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Xihao Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Eric Van Buren
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adrienne Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Erin Buth
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Fei Fei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Regina Manansala
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO) WHO Collaborating Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BE
| | | | - Zilin Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Linda M. Polfus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Shabnam Salimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Gerontology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Box 359458, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument St Rm 8024, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Peter Durda
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 360 South Park Drive, Colchester, VT, 05446, USA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 360 South Park Drive, Colchester, VT, 05446, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 200 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Joshua P. Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Box 359458, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Katherine A. Pratte
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Christy Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kari North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rasika A. Mathias
- Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Cir JHAAC Room 3B53, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Nauder Faraday
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Biqi Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - April P. Carson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Avenue, Suite 701, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA
| | - Arnita F. Norwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Avenue, Suite 701, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jessica Lundin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, H3A 1G1, Canada
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Alexander P. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Russell P. Bowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paul L. Auer
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, and Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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4
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Keshawarz A, Bui H, Joehanes R, Ma J, Liu C, Huan T, Hwang SJ, Tejada B, Sooda M, Courchesne P, Munson PJ, Demirkale CY, Yao C, Heard-Costa NL, Pitsillides AN, Lin H, Liu CT, Wang Y, Peloso GM, Lundin J, Haessler J, Du Z, Cho M, Hersh CP, Castaldi P, Raffield LM, Wen J, Li Y, Reiner AP, Feolo M, Sharopova N, Vasan RS, DeMeo DL, Carson AP, Kooperberg C, Levy D. Expression quantitative trait methylation analysis elucidates gene regulatory effects of DNA methylation: the Framingham Heart Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12952. [PMID: 37563237 PMCID: PMC10415314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression quantitative trait methylation (eQTM) analysis identifies DNA CpG sites at which methylation is associated with gene expression. The present study describes an eQTM resource of CpG-transcript pairs derived from whole blood DNA methylation and RNA sequencing gene expression data in 2115 Framingham Heart Study participants. We identified 70,047 significant cis CpG-transcript pairs at p < 1E-7 where the top most significant eGenes (i.e., gene transcripts associated with a CpG) were enriched in biological pathways related to cell signaling, and for 1208 clinical traits (enrichment false discovery rate [FDR] ≤ 0.05). We also identified 246,667 significant trans CpG-transcript pairs at p < 1E-14 where the top most significant eGenes were enriched in biological pathways related to activation of the immune response, and for 1191 clinical traits (enrichment FDR ≤ 0.05). Independent and external replication of the top 1000 significant cis and trans CpG-transcript pairs was completed in the Women's Health Initiative and Jackson Heart Study cohorts. Using significant cis CpG-transcript pairs, we identified significant mediation of the association between CpG sites and cardiometabolic traits through gene expression and identified shared genetic regulation between CpGs and transcripts associated with cardiometabolic traits. In conclusion, we developed a robust and powerful resource of whole blood eQTM CpG-transcript pairs that can help inform future functional studies that seek to understand the molecular basis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amena Keshawarz
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helena Bui
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon Tejada
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meera Sooda
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Courchesne
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Munson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cumhur Y Demirkale
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Office of Intramural Research, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chen Yao
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Nancy L Heard-Costa
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Achilleas N Pitsillides
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Zhaohui Du
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- General Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mike Feolo
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nataliya Sharopova
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - April P Carson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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McIntyre JK, Prat J, Cameron J, Wetzel J, Mudrock E, Peter KT, Tian Z, Mackenzie C, Lundin J, Stark JD, King K, Davis JW, Kolodziej EP, Scholz NL. Treading Water: Tire Wear Particle Leachate Recreates an Urban Runoff Mortality Syndrome in Coho but Not Chum Salmon. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:11767-11774. [PMID: 34410108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Tire tread wear particles (TWP) are increasingly recognized as a global pollutant of surface waters, but their impact on biota in receiving waters is rarely addressed. In the developed U.S. Pacific Northwest, acute mortality of adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) follows rain events and is correlated with roadway density. Roadway runoff experimentally triggers behavioral symptoms and associated changes in blood indicative of cardiorespiratory distress prior to death. Closely related chum salmon (O. keta) lack an equivalent response. Acute mortality of juvenile coho was recently experimentally linked to a transformation product of a tire-derived chemical. We evaluated whether TWP leachate is sufficient to trigger the acute mortality syndrome in adult coho salmon. We characterized the acute response of adult coho and chum salmon to TWP leachate (survival, behavior, blood physiology) and compared it with that caused by roadway runoff. TWP leachate was acutely lethal to coho at concentrations similar to roadway runoff, with the same behaviors and blood parameters impacted. As with runoff, chum salmon appeared insensitive to TWP leachate at concentrations lethal to coho. Our results confirm that environmentally relevant TWP exposures cause acute mortalities of a keystone aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer K McIntyre
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Jasmine Prat
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - James Cameron
- Ocean Associates, under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Jillian Wetzel
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Emma Mudrock
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Katherine T Peter
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
| | - Cailin Mackenzie
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Jessica Lundin
- National Research Council Research Associateship Program, Under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98112 United States
| | - John D Stark
- Washington State University, Washington Stormwater Center, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Kennith King
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Contaminants Program, Lacey, Washington 98503 United States
| | - Jay W Davis
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Contaminants Program, Lacey, Washington 98503 United States
| | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
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6
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Paucar M, Lundin J, Alshammari T, Bergendal Å, Lindefeldt M, Alshammari M, Solders G, Di Re J, Savitcheva I, Granberg T, Laezza F, Iwarsson E, Svenningsson P. Broader phenotypic traits and widespread brain hypometabolism in spinocerebellar ataxia 27. J Intern Med 2020; 288:103-115. [PMID: 32112487 PMCID: PMC10123866 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize a Swedish family with members affected by spinocerebellar ataxia 27 (SCA27), a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). Despite normal structural neuroimaging, psychiatric manifestations and intellectual disability are part of the SCA27 phenotype raising the need for functional neuroimaging. Here, we used clinical assessments, structural and functional neuroimaging to characterize these new SCA27 patients. Since one patient presents with a psychotic disorder, an exploratory study of markers of schizophrenia associated with GABAergic neurotransmission was performed in fgf14-/- mice, a preclinical model that replicates motor and learning deficits of SCA27. METHODS A comprehensive characterization that included clinical assessments, cognitive tests, structural neuroimaging studies, brain metabolism with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET ([18F] FDG PET) and genetic analyses was performed. Brains of fgf14-/- mice were studied with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Nine patients had ataxia, and all affected patients harboured an interstitial deletion of chromosome 13q33.1 encompassing the entire FGF14 and integrin subunit beta like 1 (ITGBL1) genes. New features for SCA27 were identified: congenital onset, psychosis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and widespread hypometabolism that affected the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in all patients. Hypometabolism in the PFC was far more pronounced in a SCA27 patient with psychosis. Reduced expression of VGAT was found in the mPFC of fgf14-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS This is the second largest SCA27 family identified to date. We provide new clinical and preclinical evidence for a significant psychiatric component in SCA27, strengthening the hypothesis of FGF14 as an important modulator of psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paucar
- From the, Departments of, Department of, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of, Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Lundin
- Department of, Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Å Bergendal
- From the, Departments of, Department of, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lindefeldt
- Department of, Pediatric Neurology, Astrid Lindgren's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Solders
- From the, Departments of, Department of, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of, Neurophysiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Di Re
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - I Savitcheva
- Departments of, Department of, Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Granberg
- From the, Departments of, Department of, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of, Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - E Iwarsson
- Department of, Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Svenningsson
- From the, Departments of, Department of, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of, Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Boissin C, Fransén J, Huss F, Wallis L, Allorto N, Laflamme L, Lundin J. Challenges in building image-based diagnostic support deep-learning algorithm for acute burns. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acute burns are complex to diagnose and erroneous assessments impact on the victim’s mortality and morbidity. Specialists operate from a small number of burns centres and the capacity to provide timely assistance to front line clinicians is therefore limited. Diagnostic assistance through artificial intelligence could be an option to provide a timely and equitable diagnosis. This project sheds light on the feasibility of the development of an artificial intelligence algorithm for assisted diagnosis of acute burns and clarifies challenges faced along the way.
Methods
A bank of images has been built from a number of burn centres in South Africa and is continuously being updated (currently about 1200 images). Attempts have been made to train deep learning algorithms to diagnose the burn depth, an element that is challenging both at bedside and using image-based teleconsultation. We came across methodological challenges that need further consideration.
Results
Some challenges are clinical, i.e. inherent to the complexity of burn diagnosis, and imply the need of having an accurate diagnosis for the burn images on which the algorithm is trained. Other challenges pertain to the actual development of an algorithm. Prior to identifying burn depth a complex task relates to the feasibility of finding the burn itself in images of varying body parts and backgrounds. Further, training an algorithm for diagnosing burn depth also requires, large numbers of varying cases, the accurate labelling of the wound area for training, and decisions to be made as regards the best outcome to train upon. Current preliminary results indicate satisfactory identification of the burn area and promising results with regards burn depth diagnosis.
Conclusions
Development of artificial intelligence algorithms require strong collaborations and discussions between technical and clinical experts but are showing promising results.
Key messages
Development of clinical image-based automated diagnosis involve a number of critical challenges on both the technical and clinical sides that need to be addressed prior to optimization. Once optimally developed, deep learning algorithms are a potential solution to assist with the reduction of the burden of burns on the health services by providing timely, and cost-effective advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boissin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - F Huss
- Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Wallis
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Allorto
- Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - L Laflamme
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Lundin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Larios Delgado N, Usuyama N, Hall AK, Hazen RJ, Ma M, Sahu S, Lundin J. Fast and accurate medication identification. NPJ Digit Med 2019; 2:10. [PMID: 31304359 PMCID: PMC6550183 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-019-0086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the AI work in healthcare is focused around disease prediction in clinical settings, which is an important application that has yet to deliver in earnest. However, there are other fundamental aspects like helping patients and care teams interact and communicate in efficient and meaningful ways, which could deliver quadruple-aim improvements. After heart disease and cancer, preventable medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the United States. The largest subset of medical errors is medication error. Providing the right treatment plan for patients includes knowledge about their current medications and drug allergies, an often challenging task. The widespread growth of prescribing and consuming medications has increased the need for applications that support medication reconciliation. We show a deep-learning application that can help reduce avoidable errors with their attendant risk, i.e., correctly identifying prescription medication, which is currently a tedious and error-prone task. We demonstrate prescription-pill identification from mobile images in the NIH NLM Pill Image Recognition Challenge dataset. Our application recognizes the correct pill within the top-5 results at 94% accuracy, which compares favorably to the original competition winner at 83.3% for top-5 under comparable, though not identical configurations. The Institute of Medicine claims that better use of information technology can be an important step in reducing medication errors. Therefore, we believe that a more immediate impact of AI in healthcare will occur with a seamless integration of AI into clinical workflows, readily addressing the quadruple aim of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoto Usuyama
- Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
| | - Amanda K. Hall
- Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
| | | | - Max Ma
- Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
| | - Siva Sahu
- Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
| | - Jessica Lundin
- Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
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9
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Boissin C, Fransén J, Laflamme L, Allorto N, Wallis L, Huss F, Lundin J. Deep learning for image-based diagnostic support: initial development of a system for acute burns. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx186.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Boissin
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - L Laflamme
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Allorto
- Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - L Wallis
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F Huss
- Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Lundin
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Saeed K, Ojamies P, Pellinen T, Rahkama V, Eldfors S, Paavolainen L, Turkki R, Horvath P, Lundin J, Nisen H, af Hällström T, Rannikko A, Mirtti T, Kallioniemi O, Östling P. Precision systems medicine in urological Tumors – Molecular profiling and functional testing. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Brück O, Blom S, Turkki R, Kovanen P, Ribeiro A, Linder N, Lundin J, Kallioniemi O, Pellinen T, Mustjoki S. Immune cell profiling in CML bone marrow by multiplex IHC. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw525.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Vassilev L, Ranki T, Joensuu T, Jäger E, Karbach J, Wahle C, Partanen K, Kairemo K, Alanko T, Turkki R, Linder N, Lundin J, Ristimäki A, Kankainen M, Hemminki A, Backman C, Dienel K, von Euler M, Haavisto E, Hakonen T, Juhila J, Jäderberg M, Priha P, Vuolanto A, Pesonen S. Repeated intratumoral administration of ONCOS-102 leads to systemic antitumor CD8 + T-cell response and robust cellular and transcriptional immune activation at tumor site in a patient with ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1017702. [PMID: 26140248 PMCID: PMC4485730 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1017702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are excellent immunotherapeutic agents with a unique ability to prime and boost immune responses. Recombinant adenoviruses cause immunogenic cancer cell death and subsequent release of tumor antigens for antigen presenting cells, resulting in the priming of potent tumor-specific immunity. This effect may be further enhanced by immune-stimulating transgenes expressed by the virus. We report a case of a 38-year-old female with Stage 3 metastatic micropapillary serous carcinoma of the ovary. She was treated in a Phase I study with a granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF)-expressing oncolytic adenovirus, Ad5/3-D24-GMCSF (ONCOS-102). The treatment resulted in progressive infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes into the tumor and concomitant systemic induction of several tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell populations. The patient was alive at the latest follow up more than 20 months after initiation of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Ranki
- Oncos Therapeutics ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Joensuu
- Docrates Cancer Center ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Jäger
- Hämatologie-Onkologie; Krankenhaus Nordwest ; Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Karbach
- Hämatologie-Onkologie; Krankenhaus Nordwest ; Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Wahle
- Hämatologie-Onkologie; Krankenhaus Nordwest ; Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Partanen
- Docrates Cancer Center ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Kairemo
- Docrates Cancer Center ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Alanko
- Docrates Cancer Center ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Turkki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Linder
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Lundin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Ristimäki
- Division of Pathology; HUSLAB and Haartman Institute; Helsinki University Central Hospital ; Helsinki, Finland ; Genome-Scale Biology; Research Programs Unit; University of Helsinki ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Kankainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Hemminki
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital; Cancer Gene Therapy Group ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Backman
- Oncos Therapeutics ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Dienel
- Oncos Therapeutics ; Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - T Hakonen
- Oncos Therapeutics ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Juhila
- Oncos Therapeutics ; Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - P Priha
- Oncos Therapeutics ; Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - S Pesonen
- Oncos Therapeutics ; Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Kwon P, Lundin J, Li W, Ray R, Littell C, Li GD, Thomas DB, Checkoway H. Night shift work and lung cancer risk among female textile workers in Shanghai, China. J Occup Environ Hyg 2015; 12:334-341. [PMID: 25616851 PMCID: PMC4400196 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2014.993472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified shift work that involves circadian disruption as a probable human carcinogen. Suppression of the anti-neoplastic hormone, melatonin, is a presumed mechanism of action. We conducted a case-cohort study nested within a cohort of 267,400 female textile workers in Shanghai, China. Newly diagnosed lung cancer cases (n = 1451) identified during the study period (1989-2006) were compared with an age-stratified subcohort (n = 3040). Adjusting for age, smoking, parity, and endotoxin exposure, relative risks [hazard ratios (HRs)] were estimated by Cox regression modeling to assess associations with cumulative years and nights of rotating shift work. Results did not consistently reveal any increased risk of lung cancer among rotating shift work or statistically significant trends for both cumulative years (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.02; P(trend) = 0.294) and nights (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.00; P(trend) = 0.415). Further analyses imposing 10- and 20-year lag times for disease latency also revealed similar results. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, rotating nighttime shift work appears to be associated with a relatively reduced lung cancer risk although the magnitude of the effect was modest and not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenjin Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
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14
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Eketorp Sylvan S, Lundin J, Ipek M, Palma M, Karlsson C, Hansson L. Alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody) as single-agent therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)—a single region experience on consecutive patients. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:1725-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Sylvan SE, Lundin J, Ipek M, Palma M, Karlsson C, Hansson L. P27. Alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody) as single-agent therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) – a single region experience on consecutive patients. J Immunother Cancer 2014. [PMCID: PMC4072199 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-s2-p18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Lundin J, Clemedson CJ, Nelson A. Early Effects of Whole Body Irradiation on Cholinesterase Activity in Guinea-Pigs' Blood, with Special Regard to Radiation Sickness. Acta Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/028418515704800107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Karlsson C, Dahl H, Lundin J, Rossmann E, Brytting M, Mellstedt H, Linde A, Osterborg A. Virus reactivations and serology patterns following first-line therapy with alemtuzumab or fludarabine-based combination therapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2012; 1:e22. [PMID: 22829166 PMCID: PMC3255266 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2011.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Skog M, Bono P, Lundin M, Lundin J, Louhimo J, Linder N, Petrova TV, Andersson LC, Joensuu H, Alitalo K, Haglund CH. Expression and prognostic value of transcription factor PROX1 in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1346-51. [PMID: 21970873 PMCID: PMC3241535 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: PROX1 is a specific target of the β-catenin/TCF pathway in the intestinal epithelium. It acts as a regulator of progression from a benign to a highly dysplastic phenotype in colorectal tumours. However, the clinical significance of PROX1 expression is not known. Methods: We studied the prognostic value of immunohistochemical expression of PROX1 in a series of 517 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Results: The majority of the tumour samples expressed PROX1 (91%, 471 out of 517). High PROX1 expression was associated with a poor grade of tumour differentiation (P<0.0001). In the subgroup of patients with colon cancer, high PROX1 expression was associated with unfavourable colorectal cancer-specific survival (CCSS) as compared with low PROX1 expression (CCSS 47% vs 62% P=0.045; RR 1.47). The association between high PROX1 and poor outcome was further strengthened in female colon cancer patients (CCSS 38% vs 63% P=0.007; RR 2.02). Nonetheless, in multivariate survival analysis PROX1 expression was not retained as an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion: High PROX1 expression is associated with a poor grade of tumour differentiation, and, in colon cancer patients, also with less favourable patient outcome. Our results strengthen the previous preclinical observations that PROX1 has a role in tumour progression in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skog
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FIN-00029 HUS, Finland
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19
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Böckelman C, Hagström J, Mäkinen LK, Keski-Säntti H, Häyry V, Lundin J, Atula T, Ristimäki A, Haglund C. High CIP2A immunoreactivity is an independent prognostic indicator in early-stage tongue cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1890-5. [PMID: 21610708 PMCID: PMC3111200 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No reliable prognostic markers exist for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, and its prognosis can even in early stages be unpredictable and survival poor despite treatment. A potential marker is oncoprotein cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), which acts as a prognostic marker in gastric and non-small cell lung cancers. METHODS We collected specimens of 73 stage T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 oral squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, as well as samples from normal oral mucosa, dysplastic lesions, and invasive carcinomas (n=39). All samples were stained for CIP2A by immunohistochemistry. Survival curves were constructed according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazard model served for univariate and multivariate survival analysis. RESULTS High CIP2A immunoreactivity predicted poor survival in tongue cancer patients (P=0.027, logrank test). In multivariate survival analysis, CIP2A was an independent prognostic factor (HR 2.02, 95% confidence interval 1.07-3.82, P=0.030). Cytoplasmic CIP2A expression was higher in severe dysplasia than in mild dysplasia. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that high CIP2A expression characterises aggressive disease. Acting as a prognostic marker it might be of help when choosing patients for adjuvant treatment in tongue cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Böckelman
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Lundin J, Brodin G. Linearized kinetic theory of spin-1/2 particles in magnetized plasmas. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 82:056407. [PMID: 21230602 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.056407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have considered linear kinetic theory, including the electron-spin properties in a magnetized plasma. The starting point is a mean-field Vlasov-like equation, derived from a fully quantum-mechanical treatment, where effects from the electron-spin precession and the magnetic dipole force are taken into account. The general conductivity tensor is derived, including both the free current contribution and the magnetization current associated with the spin contribution. We conclude the paper with an extensive discussion of the quantum-mechanical boundary where we list parameter conditions that must be satisfied for various quantum effects to be influential.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lundin
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Nevo J, Mai A, Tuomi S, Pellinen T, Pentikäinen OT, Heikkilä P, Lundin J, Joensuu H, Bono P, Ivaska J. Mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) interacts with integrin α-subunits and suppresses integrin activity and invasion. Oncogene 2010; 29:6452-63. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Bruno DL, Anderlid BM, Lindstrand A, van Ravenswaaij-Arts C, Ganesamoorthy D, Lundin J, Martin CL, Douglas J, Nowak C, Adam MP, Kooy RF, Van der Aa N, Reyniers E, Vandeweyer G, Stolte-Dijkstra I, Dijkhuizen T, Yeung A, Delatycki M, Borgstrom B, Thelin L, Cardoso C, van Bon B, Pfundt R, de Vries BBA, Wallin A, Amor DJ, James PA, Slater HR, Schoumans J. Further molecular and clinical delineation of co-locating 17p13.3 microdeletions and microduplications that show distinctive phenotypes. J Med Genet 2010; 47:299-311. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2009.069906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Häyry V, Mäkinen LK, Atula T, Sariola H, Mäkitie A, Leivo I, Keski-Säntti H, Lundin J, Haglund C, Hagström J. Bmi-1 expression predicts prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:892-7. [PMID: 20145620 PMCID: PMC2833245 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue is poor and it would be beneficial to find prognostic markers to better adjust treatment. Bmi-1 controls cell cycle and self-renewal of tissue stem cells, transcription factor c-myc affects cell proliferation and apoptosis, and Snail regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The expression of these markers has been connected to prognosis in many cancer types. METHODS Bmi-1, c-myc, and Snail expressions were studied in our material consisting of 73 primarily T1N0M0 oral tongue carcinoma patients. We compared the immunoexpressions of Bmi-1, c-myc, and Snail with clinical parameters including the degree of histological differentiation, tumour size, TNM classification, depth of invasion, and resection margins. In addition, survival analyses were performed, comparing disease-free survival time with the registered protein expression of the markers mentioned above. RESULTS A significant correlation between Bmi-1 protein expression and recurrence (log-rank test, P=0.005) was detected. Snail and c-myc expression did not correlate with prognosis. Snail expression correlated with histopathological grade (Fisher's exact test, P=0.007) and with the invasion depth of tumours (chi(2)-test, P=0.037). CONCLUSION Negative Bmi-1 immunoexpression might serve as a marker of poor prognosis in oral tongue carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Häyry
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4E, Helsinki, Finland
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Gunnarsson R, Isaksson A, Mansouri M, Göransson H, Jansson M, Cahill N, Rasmussen M, Staaf J, Lundin J, Norin S, Buhl AM, Smedby KE, Hjalgrim H, Karlsson K, Jurlander J, Juliusson G, Rosenquist R. Large but not small copy-number alterations correlate to high-risk genomic aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a high-resolution genomic screening of newly diagnosed patients. Leukemia 2009; 24:211-5. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Laane E, Tamm KP, Buentke E, Ito K, Kharaziha P, Khahariza P, Oscarsson J, Corcoran M, Björklund AC, Hultenby K, Lundin J, Heyman M, Söderhäll S, Mazur J, Porwit A, Pandolfi PP, Zhivotovsky B, Panaretakis T, Grandér D. Cell death induced by dexamethasone in lymphoid leukemia is mediated through initiation of autophagy. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:1018-29. [PMID: 19390558 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are fundamental drugs used in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies with apoptotic cell death as the hitherto proposed mechanism of action. Recent studies, however, showed that an alternative mode of cell death, autophagy, is involved in the response to anticancer drugs. The specific role of autophagy and its relationship to apoptosis remains, nevertheless, controversial: it can either lead to cell survival or can function in cell death. We show that dexamethasone induced autophagy upstream of apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Inhibition of autophagy by siRNA-mediated repression of Beclin 1 expression inhibited apoptosis showing an important role of autophagy in dexamethasone-induced cell death. Dexamethasone treatment caused an upregulation of promyelocytic leukemia protein, PML, its complex formation with protein kinase B or Akt and a PML-dependent Akt dephosphorylation. Initiation of autophagy and the onset of apoptosis were both dependent on these events. PML knockout thymocytes were resistant to dexamethasone-induced death and upregulation of PML correlated with the ability of dexamethasone to kill primary leukemic cells. Our data reveal key mechanisms of dexamethasone-induced cell death that may inform the development of improved treatment protocols for lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Laane
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska R8:03, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden
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26
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Bijlsma E, Gijsbers A, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers J, van Haeringen A, Fransen van de Putte D, Anderlid BM, Lundin J, Lapunzina P, Pérez Jurado L, Delle Chiaie B, Loeys B, Menten B, Oostra A, Verhelst H, Amor D, Bruno D, van Essen A, Hordijk R, Sikkema-Raddatz B, Verbruggen K, Jongmans M, Pfundt R, Reeser H, Breuning M, Ruivenkamp C. Extending the phenotype of recurrent rearrangements of 16p11.2: Deletions in mentally retarded patients without autism and in normal individuals. Eur J Med Genet 2009; 52:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Lundin M, Nordling S, Lundin J, Haglund C. Tenascin-C expression and its prognostic significance in colorectal cancer. Oncology 2008; 72:403-9. [PMID: 18196927 DOI: 10.1159/000113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C has been proposed as a tumor marker with prognostic significance in many cancer forms, but in colorectal cancer, reported results have been controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of immunohistochemical tenascin-C expression in a series of 231 patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS Paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed specimens were stained with a tenascin-C-specific monoclonal antibody, and the stromal staining intensity and pattern were analyzed. RESULTS Tenascin-C immunoreactivity was observed in all 231 specimens, with a pattern of staining that was diffuse and interstitial. The staining was occasional in 39 (17%), moderate in 106 (46%) and strong in 86 specimens (37%). There was no statistically significant association between tenascin-C immunoreactivity and any of the other clinicopathological variables. The cumulative 5-year survival rates of patients with occasional and weak staining were similar (56.8 and 54.9%, respectively), while the patients with strong tenascin-C staining had a lower survival rate (46.1%). This difference in survival was not significant (p = 0.23). The staining pattern and distribution can be viewed from digitized representative microscope slides (virtual slides) at http://www.webmicroscope.net/supplements/tenascin. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that immunohistochemical expression of tenascin-C is not of prognostic significance in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lundin
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Konsti J, Lundin J, Jumppanen M, Lundin M, Viitanen A, Isola J. A public-domain image processing tool for automated quantification of fluorescence in situ hybridisation signals. J Clin Pathol 2007; 61:278-82. [PMID: 17693574 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2007.048991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop and evaluate an automated method for quantification of HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) signals. METHODS Using a popular, open source image manipulation tool, ImageJ, a macro for FISH signal assessment was created. A comparison against traditional manual counting was performed in breast cancer specimens from 42 patients. The tumour specimens were hybridised with probes for HER2 and chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) and selected areas were digitised for image processing. Hybridisation signals were calculated both manually and automatically with the ImageJ custom macro. RESULTS The correlation coefficient between the automatic and manual HER2/CEP17 ratios was 0.98. The corresponding percentage agreement was 90% and the kappa value was 0.82. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that it is possible to automate the determination of HER2 amplification by the use of open-source software, with results comparable to manual counting. The automated counting decreases the time needed for sample analysis and provides possibilities to enhance inter- and intralaboratory reproducibility of results. The FISH quantification tool (FishJ) is available for download as an ImageJ macro or alternatively it can be utilised through a web interface with an option of uploading FISH images for hybridisation signal counting. Combined with digitisation of FISH samples, the FishJ macro enables gene copy number to be assessed and re-evaluated on any area of a digitised specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Konsti
- Biomedical Informatics Research Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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29
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Karhemo P, Syrjäkari H, Kivinen P, Valmu L, Lundin J, Joensuu H, Laiho M, Bono P, Laakkonen P. 312 POSTER Proteomic profiling of invasive cancer cells reveals a novel prognostic marker for human breast cancer. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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30
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Sihto H, Puputti M, Heikkilä P, Lehtimäki T, Holli K, Kataja V, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Isola J, Lundin J, Joensuu H. 527 POSTER Breast cancer detection in mammography screening has independent influence on survival when cancer size and biological subtype are accounted for. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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31
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Hedenus M, Birgegård G, Näsman P, Ahlberg L, Karlsson T, Lauri B, Lundin J, Lärfars G, Osterborg A. Addition of intravenous iron to epoetin beta increases hemoglobin response and decreases epoetin dose requirement in anemic patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies: a randomized multicenter study. Leukemia 2007; 21:627-32. [PMID: 17252006 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This randomized study assessed if intravenous iron improves hemoglobin (Hb) response and permits decreased epoetin dose in anemic (Hb 9-11 g/dl), transfusion-independent patients with stainable iron in the bone marrow and lymphoproliferative malignancies not receiving chemotherapy. Patients (n=67) were randomized to subcutaneous epoetin beta 30 000 IU once weekly for 16 weeks with or without concomitant intravenous iron supplementation. There was a significantly (P<0.05) greater increase in mean Hb from week 8 onwards in the iron group and the percentage of patients with Hb increase >or=2 g/dl was significantly higher in the iron group (93%) than in the no-iron group (53%) (per-protocol population; P=0.001). Higher serum ferritin and transferrin saturation in the iron group indicated that iron availability accounted for the Hb response difference. The mean weekly patient epoetin dose was significantly lower after 13 weeks of therapy (P=0.029) and after 15 weeks approximately 10 000 IU (>25%) lower in the iron group, as was the total epoetin dose (P=0.051). In conclusion, the Hb increase and response rate were significantly greater with the addition of intravenous iron to epoetin treatment in iron-replete patients and a lower dose of epoetin was required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hedenus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.
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32
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Karlsson C, Hansson L, Celsing F, Lundin J. Treatment of severe refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with alemtuzumab (humanized CD52 monoclonal antibody). Leukemia 2007; 21:511-4. [PMID: 17215854 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Progressive B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is often complicated by autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), which in some cases may be refractory to conventional therapy such as corticosteroids, rituximab and splenectomy. We report here on 5 patients (median age 66 years, range 59-69) with advanced B-CLL, all of whom developed severe transfusion-dependent AIHA resistant to conventional therapy and received subcutaneous (SC) or intravenous (IV) alemtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the CD52 antigen as salvage treatment for AIHA. Alemtuzumab was well tolerated with only minor 'first dose' reactions. All 5 patients responded with a >or=2.0 g/dl rise in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, in the absence of further transfusions, after a median time of 5 weeks (range 4-7), and the mean Hb increased from 7.2 g/dl at baseline to 11.9 g/dl at end of treatment. All patients remained stable, without further AIHA episodes, after a median follow-up time of 12 months with a mean Hb of 12.5 g/dl (range 12.2-12.9). For patients with severe, refractory CLL-related AIHA, who have not previously responded to conventional therapy, alemtuzumab is an effective agent.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Alemtuzumab
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/blood
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/drug therapy
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/etiology
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/surgery
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/therapy
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Blood Transfusion
- CD52 Antigen
- Chlorambucil/administration & dosage
- Chlorambucil/therapeutic use
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Drug Evaluation
- Drug Resistance
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Hemoglobins/analysis
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Splenectomy
- Treatment Outcome
- Vidarabine/administration & dosage
- Vidarabine/analogs & derivatives
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- C Karlsson
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Linder N, Haglund C, Lundin M, Nordling S, Ristimäki A, Kokkola A, Mrena J, Wiksten JP, Lundin J. Decreased xanthine oxidoreductase is a predictor of poor prognosis in early-stage gastric cancer. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59:965-71. [PMID: 16935971 PMCID: PMC1860491 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2005.032524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a key enzyme in the degradation of DNA, RNA and high-energy phosphates. About half of the patients with breast cancer have a decrease in XOR expression. Patients with breast cancer with unfavourable prognosis are independently identified by the loss of XOR. AIM To assess the clinical relevance of XOR expression in gastric cancer. METHODS XOR levels were studied by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray specimens of 337 patients with gastric cancer and the relation between XOR expression and a series of clinicopathological variables, as well as disease-specific survival, was assessed. RESULTS XOR was moderately decreased in 41% and was undetectable in another 14% of the tumours compared with the corresponding normal tissue. Decreased XOR was associated with advanced stage, deep tumour penetration, diffusely spread tumour location, positive lymph node status, large tumour size, non-curative disease, cellular aneuploidy, high S-phase fraction and high cyclooxygenase-2 expression, but not with p53 expression or Borrmann classification. Down regulation of XOR was associated with unfavourable outcome, and the cumulative 5-year gastric cancer-specific survival in patients with strong XOR expression was 47%, compared with 22% in those with moderate to negative expression (p<0.001). This was also true in patients with stage I-II (p = 0.01) and lymph node-negative (p = 0.02) disease, as well as in patients with smaller (< or =5 cm) tumours (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION XOR expression in gastric cancer may be a new marker for a more aggressive gastric cancer biology, similar to that previously reported for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Linder
- Developmental and Reproductive Biology and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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34
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Karlsson C, Norin S, Kimby E, Sander B, Porwit Macdonald A, Nilsson B, Johansson E, Mellstedt H, Lundin J, Osterborg A. Alemtuzumab as first-line therapy for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: long-term follow-up of clinical effects, infectious complications and risk of Richter transformation. Leukemia 2006; 20:2204-7. [PMID: 17051245 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Alemtuzumab
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Infections/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- M Palma
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Lundström E, Brodin G, Lundin J, Marklund M, Bingham R, Collier J, Mendonça JT, Norreys P. Using high-power lasers for detection of elastic photon-photon scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:083602. [PMID: 16606179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The properties of four-wave interaction via the nonlinear quantum vacuum is investigated. The effect of the quantum vacuum is to generate photons with new frequencies and wave vectors, due to elastic photon-photon scattering. An expression for the number of generated photons is derived, and using state-of-the-art laser data it is found that the number of photons can reach detectable levels. In particular, the prospect of using the high-repetition Astra Gemini system at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is discussed. The problem of noise sources is reviewed, and it is found that the noise level can be reduced well below the signal level. Thus, detection of elastic photon-photon scattering may for the first time be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lundström
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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37
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Lundin J, Lehtimäki T, Lundin M, Holli K, Elomaa L, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Kataja V, Isola J, Joensuu H. Generalizability of survival estimates for patients with breast cancer — a comparison across two population-based series. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)80242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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38
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Lundin M, Nordling S, Lundin J, Isola J, Wiksten JP, Haglund C. Epithelial syndecan-1 expression is associated with stage and grade in colorectal cancer. Oncology 2005; 68:306-13. [PMID: 16020957 DOI: 10.1159/000086969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loss of epithelial heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 has been associated with a more aggressive behavior in various cancer forms, but the prognostic significance of syndecan-1 expression in colorectal cancer is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of immunohistochemical syndecan-1 expression in a series of 237 patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS Paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed specimens were stained with a syndecan-1-specific monoclonal antibody, and both the epithelial and stromal expression were analyzed. RESULTS Epithelial expression of syndecan-1 was seen in 222 tumors (94%), and it was associated with low stage of disease (p = 0.002) and low histological differentiation grade (p = 0.048). The cumulative 5-year survival of patients with weak and strong syndecan-1 expression was 49 and 54 %, respectively (p = 0.234). Syndecan-1 stromal immunoreactivity was observed in 138 tumors (58%), but lacked prognostic significance. Staining pattern and distribution can be viewed from digitized representative microscope slides (virtual slides) at http://www.webmicroscope.net/supplements/syndecan. CONCLUSIONS The results are in line with previous reports in that low epithelial syndecan-1 expression was associated with a higher histological grade and a more advanced clinical stage of the patients. This study shows that syndecan-1 is expressed also in stromal tissue of colorectal cancer, but it does not support the proposed role of stromal syndecan-1 expression as a marker of poor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lundin
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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39
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Wiksten JP, Lundin J, Nordling S, Kokkola A, Stenman UH, Haglund C. High tissue expression of tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) associates with a more favourable prognosis in gastric cancer. Histopathology 2005; 46:380-8. [PMID: 15810949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) is a 6-kDa protease inhibitor with potential inhibitory effects on tissue degradation. In serum, increased levels have been associated with adverse prognosis in different forms of cancer. We assessed the tumour tissue expression and prognostic value of TATI in a surgically treated, single-institution series of patients with gastric cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a monoclonal anti-TATI antibody, immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour specimens from 336 patients. TATI expression was observed in 265 (79%) of the tumours. There was a significant association between high TATI expression and low stage (P = 0.007), superficial tumours (P = 0.005), and absence of nodal (P = 0.015) and of distant metastases (P = 0.022). In univariate analysis, patients with high TATI expression had a significantly more favourable 5-year cumulative survival compared with patients with negative to moderate immunostaining (43% and 28%, respectively, P = 0.006). On multivariate survival analysis stratified for estimated cure of surgery, stage (P < 0.0001) and age (P = 0.022) at the time of surgery were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS High TATI expression in tumour tissue was detected more frequently in patients with early-stage gastric cancer and seems to correlate with a favourable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Wiksten
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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40
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41
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Abstract
AIMS To develop an educationally useful atlas of breast histopathology, using advanced web based virtual microscopy technology. METHODS By using a robotic microscope and software adopted and modified from the aerial and satellite imaging industry, a virtual microscopy system was developed that allows fully automated slide scanning and image distribution via the internet. More than 150 slides were scanned at high resolution with an oil immersion x 40 objective (numerical aperture, 1.3) and archived on an image server residing in a high speed university network. RESULTS A publicly available website was constructed, http://www.webmicroscope.net/breastatlas, which features a comprehensive virtual slide atlas of breast histopathology according to the World Health Organisation 2003 classification. Users can view any part of an entire specimen at any magnification within a standard web browser. The virtual slides are supplemented with concise textual descriptions, but can also be viewed without diagnostic information for self assessment of histopathology skills. CONCLUSIONS Using the technology described here, it is feasible to develop clinically and educationally useful virtual microscopy applications. Web based virtual microscopy will probably become widely used at all levels in pathology teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lundin
- Institute of Medical Technology, University and University Hospital of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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42
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenascin C is a large, hexameric, extracellular matrix protein that is present during embryonic development but essentially absent in adult tissues. It is involved in remodelling processes, such as wound healing and tumour development. Tissue expression of tenascin C correlates with prognosis in colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer and in carcinoma of the papilla of Vater. AIM To study the expression of tenascin C in pancreatic cancer and to compare the staining results with the patients' clinicopathological data. MATERIAL AND METHODS Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded specimens from 146 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were stained with an anti-tenascin C monoclonal antibody. RESULTS Tenascin C immunoreactivity was seen in most samples of pancreatic carcinoma: staining was weak in 72 (49%), moderate in 52 (36%), strong in 10 (7%), and negative in 12 (8%) samples. Tenascin C expression correlated with age (< or = 66 v >66 years) and poor differentiation (grades 1-2 v 3). There was no correlation between tenascin C expression and survival, clinical stage, tumour size, nodal status, distant metastasis, tumour location, or sex. CONCLUSION Tenascin C expression was increased in most pancreatic carcinomas, but contrary to the results in other cancers, it is not a prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Juuti
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
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43
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Kokhaei P, Choudhury A, Mahdian R, Lundin J, Moshfegh A, Osterborg A, Mellstedt H. Apoptotic tumor cells are superior to tumor cell lysate, and tumor cell RNA in induction of autologous T cell response in B-CLL. Leukemia 2004; 18:1810-5. [PMID: 15385926 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a chronic leukemia manifested by increased numbers of B cells in circulation. The slow, smouldering nature of the disease in a significant proportion of the cases makes it an ideal target for immunotherapy. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is emerging as an exciting modality with significant clinical potential. In this study, three strategies for delivering antigens to DC, namely apoptotic bodies (Apo-DC), tumor lysates, and tumor RNA were studied in an autologous setting. In all six CLL patients, Apo-DC induced higher HLA-restricted, T cell responses than DC pulsed with tumor lysate or RNA. Real-time PCR confirmed higher expression of genes for IL-2 and IFN-gamma in T cells stimulated with Apo-DC. Concurrently, no IL-10 and low IL-4 responses indicated that the immune response was primarily of the Th1 type. Enzyme-linked immunospot assay revealed high IFN-gamma secretion by T cells when Apo-DC was used to stimulate autologous T cells in all patients. Our data suggest that cellular vaccines with DC loaded with apoptotic bodies may be a suitable approach for immunotherapy of B-CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Cell Extracts/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Immunotherapy
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/genetics
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Th1 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kokhaei
- Immune and Gene Therapy Lab., CCK, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bono P, Wasenius VM, Lundin J, Jackson DG, Joensuu H. High LYVE-1 positive lymphatic vessel numbers are associated with axillary lymph node metastases and poor outcome in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.9518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Bono
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - V.-M. Wasenius
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J. Lundin
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D. G. Jackson
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - H. Joensuu
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lundin J, Porwit-MacDonald A, Rossmann ED, Karlsson C, Edman P, Rezvany MR, Kimby E, Osterborg A, Mellstedt H. Cellular immune reconstitution after subcutaneous alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, CAMPATH-1H) treatment as first-line therapy for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Leukemia 2004; 18:484-90. [PMID: 14749699 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Little information is available on long-term immune reconstitution after therapy with alemtuzumab in B-CLL patients. We present long-term follow-up data for blood lymphocyte subsets analysed by flow cytometry in previously untreated B-CLL patients who received alemtuzumab subcutaneously as first-line therapy. All lymphoid subsets were significantly (P<0.001) and profoundly reduced; the median end-of-treatment counts for CD4(+), CD8(+), CD3(-)56(+) (natural killer (NK)), CD3(+)56(+) (NK-T) and CD19(+)5(-) (normal B) cells were 43, 20, 4, 1 and 8 cells/microl, respectively. The median cell count of all subsets remained at <25% of the baseline values for >9 months post-treatment. CD4(+) and CD8(+) levels in blood had reached >100 cells/microl in >50% of the patients at 4 months after the end of treatment. One patient had a cytomegalovirus reactivation and one patient developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during therapy. No opportunistic or other major infections were recorded during unmaintained, long-term follow-up. There was no correlation between the cumulative dose of alemtuzumab and the severity or length of immunosuppression. CD52(-) T-cell subsets occurred during the treatment and comprised >80% of all CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in the blood at the end of therapy. These subpopulations declined gradually during unmaintained follow-up. The relationship between these observations and the safety/antitumour effects of alemtuzumab is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Alemtuzumab
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Case-Control Studies
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunophenotyping
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Remission Induction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lundin
- 1Department of Haematology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Juuti A, Nordling S, Louhimo J, Lundin J, von Boguslawski K, Haglund C. Loss of p27 Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Stage I–II Pancreatic Cancer. Oncology 2004; 65:371-7. [PMID: 14707458 DOI: 10.1159/000074651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE p27 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that prevents progression of the cell cycle from G1 phase. Postranscriptional loss of p27 correlates with poor prognosis in various solid tumors. In pancreatic cancer, the loss of p27 expression has been correlated with high tumor grade and advanced clinical stage, but data on its prognostic value are lacking. METHOD In this retrospective study, the association between immunohistochemical p27 expression and prognosis was evaluated in 147 patients with pancreatic cancer using a commercial anti-Kip1/p27 monoclonal antibody. RESULT p27 expression was generally low; in 103 of the 147 pancreatic cancer tumors examined, no nuclear staining was observed and in only 5 specimens did more than 50% of the nuclei stain, probably reflecting the aggressive nature of the disease. Loss of p27 expression was associated with poor prognosis in stage I-II pancreatic adenocarcinoma; the 5-year survival for p27 negative patients was 3.6% compared with 20% for p27-positive patients (p = 0.03). In a multivariate survival analysis in patients with stage I-II disease, p27 (HR 1.8) was a significant prognostic factor, independent of grade (RR 2.9). There was no association between p27 and other clinical variables. In conclusion, tissue expression of p27 is a significant predictor of 5-year survival in stage I-II pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Juuti
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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47
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Rossmann ED, Lundin J, Lenkei R, Mellstedt H, Osterborg A. Variability in B-cell antigen expression: implications for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and leukemias with monoclonal antibodies. Hematol J 2002; 2:300-6. [PMID: 11920265 DOI: 10.1038/sj.thj.6200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2000] [Accepted: 04/12/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antigen expression intensity is becoming important for decision-making in relation to monoclonal antibody therapy. By quantifying CD20, CD22 and CD52 expression on chronic lymphocytic leukemia and normal (control) B cells, over time. The effect of Interleukin-4 therapy on CD20 antigen intensity on B-CLL cells in vivo was also determined. METHODS Lymphocytes were purified at weeks 0, 4 and 8 from five B-CLL patients, five healthy volunteers and seven B-CLL patients receiving IL-4 therapy. The number of antigen receptor sites was calculated in molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome using flow cytometry. RESULTS The mean number of CD20 receptors at baseline was significantly lower on B-CLL cells compared to normal B cells (8160 vs 87 046; P<0.0001). Similar results were obtained for CD22 (8630 vs 27 647; P<0.01), but not for CD52 (371 303 vs 409 484; P = 0.54). When soluble fluorochrome values at weeks 4 and 8 were analysed as change in per cent from baseline (delta%), there was <10 delta% variability in CD20 expression on control B cells, but considerable variability (22.5-67.5 delta%) on B-CLL cells. Expression of CD22 in CLL and control B cells varied by <15 delta%. CD52 on CLL B cells showed slightly greater variability (+/-35 delta%) than that of CD22 (+/-15delta%), but less than that of CD20. IL-4 therapy did not consistently increase the CD20 expression on B-CLL cells in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data confirm differences in intensity between different target antigens on B-CLL cells, and draws attention to the fact that a substantial variability may occur over time, which may influence clinical decision-making. Caution must be taken when interpreting in vitro results on cytokine-mediated receptor intensity up-regulation.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD20/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD5 Antigens/biosynthesis
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukin-4/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-4/pharmacology
- Lectins
- Leukemia, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2
- Time Factors
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Rossmann
- Department of Oncology (Radiumhemmet), Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sjöström J, Alfthan H, Joensuu H, Stenman UH, Lundin J, Blomqvist C. Serum tumour markers CA 15-3, TPA, TPS, hCGbeta and TATI in the monitoring of chemotherapy response in metastatic breast cancer. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2002; 61:431-41. [PMID: 11681532 DOI: 10.1080/00365510152567068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The clinical utility of CA 15-3, polypeptide specific antigen (TPS), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGbeta) and tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) as indicators of chemotherapy response was assessed in advanced breast cancer. Serum was prospectively collected in one center before treatment (after the first course of chemotherapy) and at response evaluation from 57 patients taking part in a multicentre randomized trial comparing docetaxel with sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. The pretreatment levels of the serum markers were not predictors of the later response to treatment. Changes in the TPS level showed the strongest association with clinical response after the first course of chemotherapy and CA 15-3 at the best response evaluation. However, distinct mismatches occurred with every marker. The most problematic error was an increase in marker levels in patients with clinical responses, which might have caused interruption of therapy. This occurred in 8% and 17% of patients after the first course of chemotherapy and in 4% and 17% of patients at the best response evaluation with CA 15-3 and TPS, respectively. Moreover, after the first course of chemotherapy only 39% and 33% of the patients with progressive disease could be identified on the basis of increasing levels of CA 15-3 and TPS. respectively. Later, at clinical disease progression, TPA and TPS were found to be better indicators of disease progression than CA 15-3. In conclusion, changes in CA 15-3 or TPS levels usually correlate with clinical response, but owing to distinct discordances, they should not be used as sole indicators of response to chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sjöström
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
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Abstract
Sialyl-Tn (STn) is a carbohydrate antigen formed by the premature 2-6 sialylation of N-acetylgalactosamine. It belongs to a family of antigens widely expressed in carcinomas but only to a limited degree in normal tissue. The expression of STn has been associated with prognosis in different tumors. In this immunohistochemical study of 218 patients with invasive stage I-III breast cancer, STn was expressed in 39% of the tumors. High expression of STn correlated with estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor negativity (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0003, respectively), and marginally with large tumor size (p = 0.04), high S-phase fraction (p = 0.04) and aneuploidy (p = 0.04), but not significantly with node status, grade or age. The patients had a median follow-up of 17 years. The breast-cancer-specific survival rate of patients with STn-negative cancers was higher than that of patients with cancers that expressed STn during the first 5 years of the follow-up (p = 0.013), but the difference between the groups decreased during the long-term follow-up. STn expression seems to be a marker for short-term, but not for long-term breast cancer outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leivonen
- Department of Surgery, Peijas Hospital, Vantaa, Finland.
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