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Fasina YO, Suarez DL, Ritter GD, Gerken EC, Farnell YZ, Wolfenden R, Hargis B. Unraveling frontiers in poultry health (part 1) - Mitigating economically important viral and bacterial diseases in commercial Chicken and Turkey production. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103500. [PMID: 38417326 PMCID: PMC10907857 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This symposium offered up-to-date perspectives on field experiences and the latest research on significant viral and bacterial diseases affecting poultry. A highlight was the discussion on the use of enteroids as advanced in vitro models for exploring disease pathogenesis. Outcomes of this symposium included identifying the urgent need to improve the prevention and control of avian influenza by focusing research on vaccine effectiveness. In this regard, efforts should focus on enhancing the relatedness of vaccine antigen to the field (challenge) virus strain and improving immunogenicity. It was also revealed that gangrenous dermatitis could be controlled through withholding or restricting the administration of ionophores during broiler life cycle, and that administration of microscopic polymer beads (gel) based-live coccidia vaccines to chicks could be used to reduce necrotic enteritis-induced mortality. It was emphasized that effective diagnosis of re-emerging Turkey diseases (such as blackhead, fowl cholera, and coccidiosis) and emerging Turkey diseases such as reoviral hepatitis, reoviral arthritis, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection, and strepticemia require complementarity between investigative research approaches and production Veterinarian field approaches. Lastly, it was determined that the development of a variety of functionally-specific enteroids would expedite the delineation of enteric pathogen mechanisms and the identification of novel vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewande O Fasina
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
| | - David L Suarez
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, ARS-USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | | | | | - Yuhua Z Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Billy Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
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Mesfin FM, Manohar K, Hunter CE, Shelley WC, Brokaw JP, Liu J, Ma M, Markel TA. Stem cell derived therapies to preserve and repair the developing intestine. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151727. [PMID: 36964032 PMCID: PMC10133028 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell research and the use of stem cells in therapy have seen tremendous growth in the last two decades. Neonatal intestinal disorders such as necrotizing enterocolitis, Hirschsprung disease, and gastroschisis have high morbidity and mortality and limited treatment options with varying success rates. Stem cells have been used in several pre-clinical studies to address various neonatal disorders with promising results. Stem cell and patient population selection, timing of therapy, as well as safety and quality control are some of the challenges that must be addressed prior to the widespread clinical application of stem cells. Further research and technological advances such as the use of cell delivery technology can address these challenges and allow for continued progress towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikir M Mesfin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Krishna Manohar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chelsea E Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - W Christopher Shelley
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - John P Brokaw
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Troy A Markel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN.
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3
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Tindle C, Katkar GD, Fonseca AG, Taheri S, Lee J, Maity P, Sayed IM, Ibeawuchi SR, Vidales E, Pranadinata RF, Fuller M, Stec DL, Anandachar MS, Perry K, Le HN, Ear J, Boland BS, Sandborn WJ, Sahoo D, Das S, Ghosh P. A Living Organoid Biobank of Crohn's Disease Patients Reveals Molecular Subtypes for Personalized Therapeutics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.11.532245. [PMID: 36993763 PMCID: PMC10054961 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.11.532245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex, clinically heterogeneous disease of multifactorial origin; there is no perfect pre-clinical model, little insight into the basis for such heterogeneity, and still no cure. To address these unmet needs, we sought to explore the translational potential of adult stem cell-derived organoids that not only retain their tissue identity, but also their genetic and epigenetic disease-driving traits. We prospectively created a biobank of CD patient-derived organoid cultures (PDOs) using biopsied tissues from colons of 34 consecutive subjects representing all clinical subtypes (Montreal Classification B1-B3 and perianal disease). PDOs were generated also from healthy subjects. Comparative gene expression analyses enabled benchmarking of PDOs as tools for modeling the colonic epithelium in active disease and revealed that despite the clinical heterogeneity there are two major molecular subtypes: immune-deficient infectious-CD [IDICD] and stress and senescence-induced fibrostenotic-CD [S2FCD]. The transcriptome, genome and phenome show a surprising degree of internal consistency within each molecular subtype. The spectrum of morphometric, phenotypic, and functional changes within the "living biobank" reveals distinct differences between the molecular subtypes. These insights enabled drug screens that reversed subtype-specific phenotypes, e.g., impaired microbial clearance in IDICD was reversed using agonists for nuclear receptors, and senescence in S2FCD was rectified using senotherapeutics, but not vice versa . Phenotyped-genotyped CD-PDOs may fill the gap between basic biology and patient trials by enabling pre-clinical Phase '0' human trials for personalized therapeutics. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT In Brief This work creates a prospectively biobanked phenotyped-genotyped Crohn's disease patient-derived organoids (CD-PDOs) as platforms for molecular subtyping of disease and for ushering personalized therapeutics. HIGHLIGHTS Prospectively biobanked CD-organoids recapitulate the disease epithelium in patientsThe phenome-transcriptome-genome of CD-organoids converge on two molecular subtypesOne subtype shows impaired microbial clearance, another increased cellular senescencePhenotyped-genotyped PDOs are then used for integrative and personalized therapeutics.
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Yan H, Ye Y, Zhao H, Zuo H, Li Y. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing for Analyzing the Intestinal Tract in Healthy and Diseased Individuals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:915654. [PMID: 35874838 PMCID: PMC9300858 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.915654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is composed of different cell lineages with distinct functions and gene expression profiles, providing uptake of nutrients and protection against insults to the gut lumen. Changes in or damage to the cellulosity or local environment of the intestinal tract can cause various diseases. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful tool for profiling and analyzing individual cell data, making it possible to resolve rare and intermediate cell states that are hardly observed at the bulk level. In this review, we discuss the application of intestinal tract scRNA-seq in identifying novel cell subtypes and states, targets, and explaining the molecular mechanisms involved in intestinal diseases. Finally, we provide future perspectives on using single-cell techniques to discover molecular and cellular targets and biomarkers as a new approach for developing novel therapeutics for intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Ye
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - HanZheng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Zuo, ; Yang Li,
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
- Academy of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Zuo, ; Yang Li,
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Fu L, Fan J, Maity S, McFadden G, Shi Y, Kong W. PD-L1 interacts with Frizzled 6 to activate β-catenin and form a positive feedback loop to promote cancer stem cell expansion. Oncogene 2022; 41:1100-1113. [PMID: 35034965 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. We report here that programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is constitutively expressed in cancer cells to maintain and expand CSC through a novel mechanism in addition to promoting cancer cell immune evasion. We discovered that PD-L1 interacts with receptor Frizzled 6 to activate β-catenin signaling and increase β-catenin-targeted gene expression, such as a putative stem cell marker leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5. Blockage of PD-L1 function, using a specific small hairpin RNA or a specific antibody, inhibits disease progression by reducing the CSC population in both colorectal and breast tumors. Moreover, β-catenin conversely regulates PD-L1 expression through a β-catenin complex binding site in the PD-L1 promoter. Our discoveries reveal that besides assistant tumor cell immune escaping, PD-L1 and β-catenin signaling form a positive feedback loop to promote cancer progression through CSC maintenance and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Fu
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jia Fan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sudipa Maity
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Grant McFadden
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yixin Shi
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Wei Kong
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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The Fast Track for Intestinal Tumor Cell Differentiation and In Vitro Intestinal Models by Inorganic Topographic Surfaces. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010218. [PMID: 35057113 PMCID: PMC8781367 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) complex in vitro cell systems are well suited to providing meaningful and translatable results in drug screening, toxicity measurements, and biological studies. Reliable complex gastrointestinal in vitro models as a testbed for oral drug administration and toxicity are very valuable in achieving predictive results for clinical trials and reducing animal testing. However, producing these models is time-consuming due to the lengthy differentiation of HT29 or other cells into mucus-producing goblet cells or other intestinal cell lineages. In the present work, HT29 cells were grown on an inorganic topographic surface decorated with a periodic pattern of micrometre-sized amorphous SiO2 structures for up to 35 days. HT29 cells on topographic surfaces were compared to undifferentiated HT29 in glucose-containing medium on glass or culture dish and with HT29 cells differentiated for 30 days in the presence of methotrexate (HT29-MTX). The cells were stained with Alcian blue for mucus, antibodies for mucus 2 (goblet cells), villin (enterocytes), lysozyme (Paneth cells), and FITC-labeled lectins to identify different cells, glycomic profiles, and cell features. We observed that HT29 cells on topographic surfaces showed more similarities with the differentiated HT29-MTX than with undifferentiated HT29. They formed islands of cell clusters, as observed for HT29-MTX. Already after 2 days, the first mucus secretion was shown by Alcian blue stain and FITC-wheat germ agglutinin. After 4–6 days, mucus was observed on the cell surface and in the intercellular space. The cell layer was undulated, and in 3D reconstruction, the cells showed a clear polarisation with a strong actin signal to one membrane. The lectins and the antibody-staining confirmed the heterogeneous composition of differentiated HT29 cells on topographic surfaces after 6–8 days, or after 6–8 days following MTX differentiation (30 days).
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7
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Kong C, Faas MM, de Vos P, Akkerman R. Impact of dietary fibers in infant formulas on gut microbiota and the intestinal immune barrier. Food Funct 2021; 11:9445-9467. [PMID: 33150902 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01700k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is the gold standard for the nutrition of infants. An important component of HM is human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs), which play an important role in gut microbiota colonization and gut immune barrier establishment, and thereby contribute to the maturation of the immune system in early life. Guiding these processes is important as disturbances have life-long health effects and can lead to the development of allergic diseases. Unfortunately, not all infants can be exclusively fed with HM. These infants are routinely fed with infant formulas that contain hMO analogs and other non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) to mimic the effects of hMOs. Currently, the hMO analogs 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), and pectins are added to infant formulas; however, these NDCs cannot mimic all hMO functions and therefore new NDCs and NDC mixtures need to become available for specific groups of neonates like preterm and disease-prone neonates. In this review, we discuss human data on the beneficial effects of infant formula supplements such as the specific hMO analog 2'-FL and NDCs as well as their mechanism of effects like stimulation of microbiota development, maturation of different parts of the gut immune barrier and anti-pathogenic effects. Insights into the structure-specific mechanisms by which hMOs and NDCs exert their beneficial functions might contribute to the development of new tailored NDCs and NDC mixtures. We also describe the needs for new in vitro systems that can be used for research on hMOs and NDCs. The current data suggest that "tailored infant formulas" for infants of different ages and healthy statuses are needed to ensure a healthy development of the microbiota and the gut immune system of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Kong
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Wang L, Wu J, Chen J, Dou W, Zhao Q, Han J, Liu J, Su W, Li A, Liu P, An Z, Xu C, Sun Y. Advances in reconstructing intestinal functionalities in vitro: From two/three dimensional-cell culture platforms to human intestine-on-a-chip. Talanta 2021; 226:122097. [PMID: 33676654 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Standard two/three dimensional (2D/3D)-cell culture platforms have facilitated the understanding of the communications between various cell types and their microenvironments. However, they are still limited in recapitulating the complex functionalities in vivo, such as tissue formation, tissue-tissue interface, and mechanical/biochemical microenvironments of tissues and organs. Intestine-on-a-chip platforms offer a new way to mimic intestinal behaviors and functionalities by constructing in vitro intestinal models in microfluidic devices. This review summarizes the advances and limitations of the state-of-the-art 2D/3D-cell culture platforms, animal models, intestine chips, and the combined multi-organ chips related with intestines. Their applications to studying intestinal functions, drug testing, and disease modeling are introduced. Different intestinal cell sources are compared in terms of gene expression abilities and the recapitulated intestinal morphologies. Among these cells, cells isolated form human intestinal tissues and derived from pluripotent stem cells appear to be more suitable for in vitro reconstruction of intestinal organs. Key challenges of current intestine-on-a-chip platforms and future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Wenkun Dou
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Rd, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Qili Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System (IRAIS) and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotic (tjKLIR), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Junlei Han
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Weiguang Su
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Anqing Li
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Pengbo Liu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zhao An
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chonghai Xu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Rd, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
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Onozato D, Ogawa I, Kida Y, Mizuno S, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Generation of Budding-Like Intestinal Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2637-2650. [PMID: 33794275 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived intestinal organoids have low invasiveness; however, the current differentiation method does not reflect the crypt-villus-like structure due to structural immaturity. Here, we generated budding-like organoids that formed epithelial tissue-like structures and had the characteristics of the mature small intestine from human iPS cells. They showed a high expression of drug transporters and induced the expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein. When treated with tumor necrosis factor-α and/or transforming growth factor-β, the budding-like organoids replicated the pathogenesis of mucosal damage or intestinal fibrosis. Upon dissociation and seeding on cell culture inserts, the organoids retained intestinal characteristics, forming polarized intestinal folds with approximately 400 Ω × cm2 transepithelial electrical resistance. This novel method has great potential for disease modeling and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Onozato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Isamu Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yuriko Kida
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shota Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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Creff J, Malaquin L, Besson A. In vitro models of intestinal epithelium: Toward bioengineered systems. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731420985202. [PMID: 34104387 PMCID: PMC8164551 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420985202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium, the fastest renewing tissue in human, is a complex
tissue hosting multiple cell types with a dynamic and multiparametric
microenvironment, making it particularly challenging to recreate in
vitro. Convergence of recent advances in cellular biology and
microfabrication technologies have led to the development of various
bioengineered systems to model and study the intestinal epithelium. Theses
microfabricated in vitro models may constitute an alternative
to current approaches for studying the fundamental mechanisms governing
intestinal homeostasis and pathologies, as well as for in vitro
drug screening and testing. Herein, we review the recent advances in
bioengineered in vitro intestinal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Creff
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex, France.,LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Arnaud Besson
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex, France
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DeHaan RK, Sarvestani SK, Huang EH. Organoid Models of Colorectal Pathology: Do They Hold the Key to Personalized Medicine? A Systematic Review. Dis Colon Rectum 2020; 63:1559-1569. [PMID: 32868555 PMCID: PMC7547902 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer and IBD account for a large portion of the practice of colorectal surgery. Historical research models have provided insights into the underlying causes of these diseases but come with many limitations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the advantage of organoid models in modeling benign and malignant colorectal pathology. DATA SOURCES Sources included PubMed, Ovid-Medline, and Ovid Embase STUDY SELECTION:: Two reviewers completed a systematic review of the literature between January 2006 and January of 2020 for studies related to colon and intestinal organoids. Reviews, commentaries, protocols, and studies not performed in humans or mice were excluded. RESULTS A total of 73 articles were included. Organoid models of colorectal disease have been rising in popularity to further elucidate the genetic, transcriptomic, and treatment response of these diseases at the individual level. Increasingly complex models utilizing coculture techniques are being rapidly developed that allow in vitro recapitulation of the disease microenvironment. LIMITATIONS This review is only qualitative, and the lack of well utilized nomenclature in the organoid community may have resulted in the exclusion of articles. CONCLUSIONS Historical disease models including cell lines, patient-derived tumor xenografts, and animal models have created a strong foundation for our understanding of colorectal pathology. Recent advances in 3-dimensional cell cultures, in the form of patient-derived epithelial organoids and induced human intestinal organoids have opened a new avenue for high-resolution analysis of pathology at the level of an individual patient. Recent research has shown the potential of organoids as a tool for personalized medicine with their ability to retain patient characteristics, including treatment response.
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Flatres C, Loffet É, Neunlist M, Mahé MM. Façonner l’intestin à partir des cellules souches pluripotentes humaines. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:549-555. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
L’étude des maladies digestives est parfois limitée par l’accès aux tissus de patients et les modèles précliniques ne sont pas toujours fidèles aux pathologies observées chez l’homme. Dans ce contexte, le développement d’organoïdes intestinaux à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes humaines représente une avancée importante dans l’étude des processus physiologiques et des pathologies digestives. Dans cette revue, nous rappelons les étapes majeures du développement du tractus digestif chez l’homme et décrivons le rationnel de la différenciation dirigée des cellules souches pluripotentes humaines. Nous faisons également un état des lieux sur les différents types d’organoïdes intestinaux existants et leurs applications en recherche fondamentale et préclinique. Enfin, nous discutons des opportunités offertes par les organoïdes intestinaux humains dans un contexte de médecine de précision et de médecine réparatrice.
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Augustyniak J, Bertero A, Coccini T, Baderna D, Buzanska L, Caloni F. Organoids are promising tools for species-specific in vitro toxicological studies. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1610-1622. [PMID: 31168795 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional self-aggregating structures generated from stem cells (SCs) or progenitor cells in a process that recapitulates molecular and cellular stages of early organ development. The differentiation process leads to the appearance of specialized mature cells and is connected with changes in the organoid internal structure rearrangement and self-organization. The formation of organ-specific structures in vitro with highly ordered architecture is also strongly influenced by the extracellular matrix. These features make organoids as a powerful model for in vitro toxicology. Nowadays this technology is developing very quickly. In this review we present, from a toxicological and species-specific point of view, the state of the art of organoid generation from adult SCs and pluripotent SCs: embryonic SCs or induced pluripotent SCs. The current culture organoid techniques are discussed for their main advantages, disadvantages and limitations. In the second part of the review, we concentrated on the characterization of species-specific organoids generated from tissue-specific SCs of different sources: mammary (bovine), epidermis (canine), intestinal (porcine, bovine, canine, chicken) and liver (feline, canine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Augustyniak
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessia Bertero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-SB, IRCCS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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14
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Pierzchalska M, Panek M, Czyrnek M, Grabacka M. The Three-Dimensional Culture of Epithelial Organoids Derived from Embryonic Chicken Intestine. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1576:135-144. [PMID: 27787775 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2016_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium isolated from chicken embryos in last 3 days of development can be used to establish the 3D culture of intestinal organoids. When fragments of epithelial tissue released by incubation with EGTA (2.5 mM, 2 h) are embedded in Matrigel matrix on cell culture inserts the formation of empty spheres covered by epithelial cells is observed in first 24 h of culture. The growth and survival of organoids are supported by the addition of R-spondin 1, Noggin, and prostaglandin E2 to the culture medium. The organoids are accompanied by myofibroblasts which become visible in the next 2 days of culture. The intestinal enteroids (free of myofibroblasts) can be obtained from adult chicken intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Panek
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyrnek
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maja Grabacka
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
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15
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Mittal R, Woo FW, Castro CS, Cohen MA, Karanxha J, Mittal J, Chhibber T, Jhaveri VM. Organ‐on‐chip models: Implications in drug discovery and clinical applications. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8352-8380. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Frank W. Woo
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Carlo S. Castro
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Madeline A. Cohen
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Joana Karanxha
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Tanya Chhibber
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Vasanti M. Jhaveri
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
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16
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Modeling Host-Pathogen Interactions in the Context of the Microenvironment: Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Comes of Age. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00282-18. [PMID: 30181350 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00282-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues and organs provide the structural and biochemical landscapes upon which microbial pathogens and commensals function to regulate health and disease. While flat two-dimensional (2-D) monolayers composed of a single cell type have provided important insight into understanding host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease mechanisms, these reductionist models lack many essential features present in the native host microenvironment that are known to regulate infection, including three-dimensional (3-D) architecture, multicellular complexity, commensal microbiota, gas exchange and nutrient gradients, and physiologically relevant biomechanical forces (e.g., fluid shear, stretch, compression). A major challenge in tissue engineering for infectious disease research is recreating this dynamic 3-D microenvironment (biological, chemical, and physical/mechanical) to more accurately model the initiation and progression of host-pathogen interactions in the laboratory. Here we review selected 3-D models of human intestinal mucosa, which represent a major portal of entry for infectious pathogens and an important niche for commensal microbiota. We highlight seminal studies that have used these models to interrogate host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease mechanisms, and we present this literature in the appropriate historical context. Models discussed include 3-D organotypic cultures engineered in the rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, extracellular matrix (ECM)-embedded/organoid models, and organ-on-a-chip (OAC) models. Collectively, these technologies provide a more physiologically relevant and predictive framework for investigating infectious disease mechanisms and antimicrobial therapies at the intersection of the host, microbe, and their local microenvironments.
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17
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Onozato D, Yamashita M, Fukuyama R, Akagawa T, Kida Y, Koeda A, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Efficient Generation of Cynomolgus Monkey Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Intestinal Organoids with Pharmacokinetic Functions. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1033-1045. [PMID: 29742964 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In preclinical studies, the cynomolgus monkey (CM) model is frequently used to predict the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the human small intestine, because of its evolutionary closeness to humans. Intestinal organoids that mimic the intestinal tissue have attracted attention in regenerative medicine and drug development. In this study, we generated intestinal organoids from CM induced pluripotent stem (CMiPS) cells and analyzed their pharmacokinetic functions. CMiPS cells were induced into the hindgut; then, the cells were seeded on microfabricated culture vessel plates to form spheroids. The resulting floating spheroids were differentiated into intestinal organoids in a medium containing small-molecule compounds. The mRNA expression of intestinal markers and pharmacokinetic-related genes was markedly increased in the presence of small-molecule compounds. The organoids possessed a polarized epithelium and contained various cells constituting small intestinal tissues. The intestinal organoids formed functional tight junctions and expressed drug transporter proteins. In addition, in the organoids generated, cytochrome P450 3A8 (CYP3A8) activity was inhibited by the specific inhibitor ketoconazole and was induced by rifampicin. Therefore, in the present work, we successfully generated intestinal organoids, with pharmacokinetic functions, from CMiPS cells using small-molecule compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Onozato
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misaki Yamashita
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fukuyama
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takumi Akagawa
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuriko Kida
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Koeda
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan .,2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan .,2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan .,2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nagoya City University , Nagoya, Japan
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18
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iPSC-Derived Enterocyte-like Cells for Drug Absorption and Metabolism Studies. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:696-708. [PMID: 29945758 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal cell models have been widely studied and used to evaluate absorption and metabolism of drugs in the small intestine, constituting valuable tools as a first approach to evaluate the behavior of new drugs. However, such cell models might not be able to fully predict the absorption mechanisms and metabolic pathways of the tested compounds. In recent years, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiated into enterocyte-like cells have been proposed as more biorelevant intestinal models. In this review, we describe mechanisms underlying the differentiation of iPSCs into enterocyte-like cells, appraise the usefulness of these cells in tridimensional intestinal models, and discuss their suitability to be used in the future for drug screening.
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19
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Holmberg FE, Pedersen J, Jørgensen P, Soendergaard C, Jensen KB, Nielsen OH. Intestinal barrier integrity and inflammatory bowel disease: Stem cell‐based approaches to regenerate the barrier. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik E.O. Holmberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
| | - Jannie Pedersen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
| | - Peter Jørgensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
| | - Christoffer Soendergaard
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
| | - Kim B. Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC)University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- The Danish Stem Cell Center (Danstem)University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ole H. Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
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20
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Pierzchalska M, Panek M, Czyrnek M, Gielicz A, Mickowska B, Grabacka M. Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria or synthetic TLR2 agonist boost the growth of chicken embryo intestinal organoids in cultures comprising epithelial cells and myofibroblasts. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 53:7-18. [PMID: 28750869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial cells reside in close proximity to myofibroblasts and microbiota, which are supposed to have an impact on intestinal stem cells fate and to influence processes of tissue maturation and regeneration. Mechanism underlying these phenomena and their diversity among vertebrates can be studied in 3D organoid cultures. We investigated the growth of chicken embryo intestinal epithelial organoids in Matrigel with and without Toll-like receptors (TLRs) stimulation. The organoid cultures contained also some myofibroblasts with potential to promote intestinal stem cell survival. Organoid cells, expressing TLR4, TLR2 type 1 and TLR2 type 2 were incubated with their agonists (lipopolysaccharide - LPS and Pam3CSK4) or co-cultured with Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria (LA-5). Pam3CSK4 and LA-5 promoted organoid growth, which was demonstrated by comparing the morphological parameters (mean number and area of organoids). The profile of prostaglandins (PG), known to promote intestinal regeneration, in supernatants from organoid and fibroblast cultures were evaluated. Both PGE2 and PGD2 were detected. As compared to unstimulated controls, supernatants from the Pam3CSK4-stimulated organoids contained twice as much of PGE2 and PGD2. The changes in production of prostaglandins and the support of epithelial cell growth by myofibroblasts are factors potentially responsible for stimulatory effect of TLR2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Panek
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyrnek
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Gielicz
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Mickowska
- Malopolska Center of Food Monitoring, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maja Grabacka
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
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21
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Chin AM, Hill DR, Aurora M, Spence JR. Morphogenesis and maturation of the embryonic and postnatal intestine. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 66:81-93. [PMID: 28161556 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestine is a vital organ responsible for nutrient absorption, bile and waste excretion, and a major site of host immunity. In order to keep up with daily demands, the intestine has evolved a mechanism to expand the absorptive surface area by undergoing a morphogenetic process to generate finger-like units called villi. These villi house specialized cell types critical for both absorbing nutrients from food, and for protecting the host from commensal and pathogenic microbes present in the adult gut. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms that coordinate intestinal development, growth, and maturation of the small intestine, starting from the formation of the early gut tube, through villus morphogenesis and into early postnatal life when the intestine must adapt to the acquisition of nutrients through food intake, and to interactions with microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M Chin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David R Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Megan Aurora
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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22
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Dye BR, Miller AJ, Spence JR. How to Grow a Lung: Applying Principles of Developmental Biology to Generate Lung Lineages from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 4:47-57. [PMID: 27340610 PMCID: PMC4882378 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The number and severity of diseases affecting human lung development and adult respiratory function has stimulated great interest in new in vitro models to study the human lung. This review summarizes the most recent breakthroughs deriving lung lineages in a dish by directing the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. A variety of culturing platforms have been developed, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional (organoid) culture platforms, to derive specific cell types and structures of the lung. These stem cell-derived lung models will further our understanding of human lung development, disease, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana R. Dye
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Alyssa J. Miller
- />Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- />Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- />Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
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23
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Finkbeiner SR, Freeman JJ, Wieck MM, El-Nachef W, Altheim CH, Tsai YH, Huang S, Dyal R, White ES, Grikscheit TC, Teitelbaum DH, Spence JR. Generation of tissue-engineered small intestine using embryonic stem cell-derived human intestinal organoids. Biol Open 2015; 4:1462-72. [PMID: 26459240 PMCID: PMC4728347 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is characterized by poor nutrient absorption due to a deficit of healthy intestine. Current treatment practices rely on providing supportive medical therapy with parenteral nutrition; while life saving, such interventions are not curative and are still associated with significant co-morbidities. As approaches to lengthen remaining intestinal tissue have been met with only limited success and intestinal transplants have poor survival outcomes, new approaches to treating SBS are necessary. Human intestine derived from embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), called human intestinal organoids (HIOs), have the potential to offer a personalized and scalable source of intestine for regenerative therapies. However, given that HIOs are small three-dimensional structures grown in vitro, methods to generate usable HIO-derived constructs are needed. We investigated the ability of hESCs or HIOs to populate acellular porcine intestinal matrices and artificial polyglycolic/poly L lactic acid (PGA/PLLA) scaffolds, and examined the ability of matrix/scaffolds to thrive when transplanted in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the acellular matrix alone is not sufficient to instruct hESC differentiation towards an endodermal or intestinal fate. We observed that while HIOs reseed acellular porcine matrices in vitro, the HIO-reseeded matrices do not thrive when transplanted in vivo. In contrast, HIO-seeded PGA/PLLA scaffolds thrive in vivo and develop into tissue that looks nearly identical to adult human intestinal tissue. Our results suggest that HIO-seeded PGA/PLLA scaffolds are a promising avenue for developing the mucosal component of tissue engineered human small intestine, which need to be explored further to develop them into fully functional tissue. Summary: HIO-seeded PGA/PLLA scaffolds thrive in vivo and develop into tissue that looks nearly identical to adult human intestinal tissue. These scaffolds appear to be suitable for further tissue engineering approaches to develop functional intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy R Finkbeiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer J Freeman
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Minna M Wieck
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wael El-Nachef
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher H Altheim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rachel Dyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric S White
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tracy C Grikscheit
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Teitelbaum
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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24
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Forbester JL, Goulding D, Vallier L, Hannan N, Hale C, Pickard D, Mukhopadhyay S, Dougan G. Interaction of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium with Intestinal Organoids Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Infect Immun 2015; 83:2926-34. [PMID: 25964470 PMCID: PMC4468523 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00161-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa forms the first line of defense against infections mediated by enteric pathogens such as salmonellae. Here we exploited intestinal "organoids" (iHOs) generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) to explore the interaction of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with iHOs. Imaging and RNA sequencing were used to analyze these interactions, and clear changes in transcriptional signatures were detected, including altered patterns of cytokine expression after the exposure of iHOs to bacteria. S. Typhimurium microinjected into the lumen of iHOs was able to invade the epithelial barrier, with many bacteria residing within Salmonella-containing vacuoles. An S. Typhimurium invA mutant defective in the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 invasion apparatus was less capable of invading the iHO epithelium. Hence, we provide evidence that hIPSC-derived organoids are a promising model of the intestinal epithelium for assessing interactions with enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Forbester
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - David Goulding
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, West Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Hannan
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, West Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Hale
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Pickard
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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25
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Finkbeiner SR, Hill DR, Altheim CH, Dedhia PH, Taylor MJ, Tsai YH, Chin AM, Mahe MM, Watson CL, Freeman JJ, Nattiv R, Thomson M, Klein OD, Shroyer NF, Helmrath MA, Teitelbaum DH, Dempsey PJ, Spence JR. Transcriptome-wide Analysis Reveals Hallmarks of Human Intestine Development and Maturation In Vitro and In Vivo. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:S2213-6711(15)00122-8. [PMID: 26050928 PMCID: PMC4471827 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) are a tissue culture model in which small intestine-like tissue is generated from pluripotent stem cells. By carrying out unsupervised hierarchical clustering of RNA-sequencing data, we demonstrate that HIOs most closely resemble human fetal intestine. We observed that genes involved in digestive tract development are enriched in both fetal intestine and HIOs compared to adult tissue, whereas genes related to digestive function and Paneth cell host defense are expressed at higher levels in adult intestine. Our study also revealed that the intestinal stem cell marker OLFM4 is expressed at very low levels in fetal intestine and in HIOs, but is robust in adult crypts. We validated our findings using in vivo transplantation to show that HIOs become more adult-like after transplantation. Our study emphasizes important maturation events that occur in the intestine during human development and demonstrates that HIOs can be used to model fetal-to-adult maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy R Finkbeiner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David R Hill
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher H Altheim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Priya H Dedhia
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew J Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alana M Chin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maxime M Mahe
- Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Carey L Watson
- Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jennifer J Freeman
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roy Nattiv
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Franciso, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew Thomson
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Franciso, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Franciso, CA 94143, USA; Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Franciso, CA 94143, USA; Center for Craniofacial Anomalies, University of California, San Francisco, San Franciso, CA 94143, USA
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Department of Medicine Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Helmrath
- Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Daniel H Teitelbaum
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter J Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Kauffman AL, Ekert JE, Gyurdieva AV, Rycyzyn MA, Hornby PJ. Directed differentiation protocols for successful human intestinal organoids derived from multiple induced pluripotent stem cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7243/2054-717x-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Middendorp S, Schneeberger K, Wiegerinck CL, Mokry M, Akkerman RDL, van Wijngaarden S, Clevers H, Nieuwenhuis EES. Adult stem cells in the small intestine are intrinsically programmed with their location-specific function. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1083-91. [PMID: 24496776 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation and specialization of epithelial cells in the small intestine are regulated in two ways. First, there is differentiation along the crypt-villus axis of the intestinal stem cells into absorptive enterocytes, Paneth, goblet, tuft, enteroendocrine, or M cells, which is mainly regulated by WNT. Second, there is specialization along the cephalocaudal axis with different absorptive and digestive functions in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum that is controlled by several transcription factors such as GATA4. However, so far it is unknown whether location-specific functional properties are intrinsically programmed within stem cells or if continuous signaling from mesenchymal cells is necessary to maintain the location-specific identity of the small intestine. Using the pure epithelial organoid technique, we show that region-specific gene expression profiles are conserved throughout long-term cultures of both mouse and human intestinal stem cells and correlated with differential Gata4 expression. Furthermore, the human organoid culture system demonstrates that Gata4-regulated gene expression is only allowed in absence of WNT signaling. These data show that location-specific function is intrinsically programmed in the adult stem cells of the small intestine and that their differentiation fate is independent of location-specific extracellular signals. In light of the potential future clinical application of small intestine-derived organoids, our data imply that it is important to generate GATA4-positive and GATA4-negative cultures to regenerate all essential functions of the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Middendorp
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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28
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Shamir ER, Ewald AJ. Three-dimensional organotypic culture: experimental models of mammalian biology and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:647-64. [PMID: 25237826 PMCID: PMC4352326 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian organs are challenging to study as they are fairly inaccessible to experimental manipulation and optical observation. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques, coupled with the ability to independently manipulate genetic and microenvironmental factors, have enabled the real-time study of mammalian tissues. These systems have been used to visualize the cellular basis of epithelial morphogenesis, to test the roles of specific genes in regulating cell behaviours within epithelial tissues and to elucidate the contribution of microenvironmental factors to normal and disease processes. Collectively, these novel models can be used to answer fundamental biological questions and generate replacement human tissues, and they enable testing of novel therapeutic approaches, often using patient-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliah R Shamir
- Departments of Cell Biology and Oncology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Departments of Cell Biology and Oncology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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29
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Human intestinal tissue with adult stem cell properties derived from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:838-52. [PMID: 24936470 PMCID: PMC4050346 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been proposed as a source for transplantation therapies and are rapidly becoming valuable tools for human disease modeling. However, many applications are limited due to the lack of robust differentiation paradigms that allow for the isolation of defined functional tissues. Here, using an endogenous LGR5-GFP reporter, we derived adult stem cells from hPSCs that gave rise to functional human intestinal tissue comprising all major cell types of the intestine. Histological and functional analyses revealed that such human organoid cultures could be derived with high purity and with a composition and morphology similar to those of cultures obtained from human biopsies. Importantly, hPSC-derived organoids responded to the canonical signaling pathways that control self-renewal and differentiation in the adult human intestinal stem cell compartment. This adult stem cell system provides a platform for studying human intestinal disease in vitro using genetically engineered hPSCs. We isolate intestinal organoid cultures from hPSCs through teratoma differentiation Organoids comprise all cell types of the intestinal epithelium RNA-seq reveals a high similarity to organoids isolated form primary tissue Organoids can respond to pathways that control self-renewal and differentiation
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30
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Effects of bacteria‑mediated reprogramming and antibiotic pretreatment on the course of colitis in mice. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:983-8. [PMID: 24841084 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the original study by Takahashi and Yamanaka in 2006, there have been significant advances in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells. However, to the best of our knowledge, all of the studies published to date are based on ex vivo gene delivery and subsequent reimplantation of the cells. By contrast, in vivo reprogramming allows the direct administration of DNA encoding the reprogramming factors into the target tissue. In our previous study we demonstrated the beneficial effects of Salmonella‑mediated oral delivery of genes into colonic mucosa as a therapy for colitis. In the present study, the effect of the bacterial vector Salmonella typhimurium SL7207, carrying a plasmid encoding the reprogramming factors Sox2, Oct3/4 and Klf4, on colitis in mice was investigated. Therapeutic intervention, consisting of repeated gavaging following the induction of colitis, did not exhibit beneficial effects. However, preventive oral administration of the therapeutic bacterial strain resulted in improvements in weight loss, colon length and stool consistency. Recently it has been shown that antibiotic pretreatment may alleviate chemically induced colitis in mice. Therefore, in the present study it was investigated whether antibiotic pretreatment of mice was able to enhance colonization of the administered bacterial strain in the colon, and therefore improve therapeutic outcome. C57BL/6 mice were administered streptomycin and metronidazole for four days, prior to multiple oral administrations of therapeutic bacteria every other day. Following three gavages, mice were administered dextran sulfate sodium in their drinking water to induce colitis. Disease activity parameters, including stool consistency, weight loss and colon length, were improved in the group receiving antibiotics and bacterial vectors. These results indicate that antibiotic pretreatment may enhance bacterial gene delivery into the colon. Furthermore, the anticipated in vivo reprogramming of colon cells appears to have a beneficial effect on the severity of colitis. These effects, however, still require further analyses.
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Abstract
With the high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders, there is great interest in establishing in vitro models of human intestinal disease and in developing drug-screening platforms that more accurately represent the complex physiology of the intestine. We will review how recent advances in developmental and stem cell biology have made it possible to generate complex, three-dimensional, human intestinal tissues in vitro through directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. These are currently being used to study human development, genetic forms of disease, intestinal pathogens, metabolic disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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32
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Wagnerova A, Gardlik R. In vivo reprogramming in inflammatory bowel disease. Gene Ther 2013; 20:1111-8. [PMID: 24025994 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The direct reprogramming of somatic cells has immense implications in various areas of medicine. Although remarkable progress has been made in developing novel reprogramming methods, the efficiency and fidelity of reprogramming still need to be improved. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with a complex etiology caused by various genetic, immunological and environmental factors. Recently, the role of stem cells has been proposed in pathogenesis and therapy of IBD. However, the efficiency and the safety of the stem cell treatments depend on the origin of the stem cell and the administration method. We hypothesize that the reprogramming of the intestinal cells into a pluripotent state is of huge importance for IBD therapy and prevention. The vectors carrying reprogramming genes encoding pluripotency factors can be transferred to the damaged tissue, in this case the intestine, by means of invasive bacterial vectors able to colonize colon mucosa. Reconstruction of tissues in vivo might avoid problems encountered in tissue rebuilding in vitro because of lack of appropriate scaffolds and microenvironments. Herein we present a review of recent literature and a perspective of in vivo reprogramming in IBD using bacterial vectors and analyze the rationale for such approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wagnerova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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