1
|
Hosea R, Hillary S, Naqvi S, Wu S, Kasim V. The two sides of chromosomal instability: drivers and brakes in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:75. [PMID: 38553459 PMCID: PMC10980778 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor cell malignancy. CIN triggers a chain reaction in cells leading to chromosomal abnormalities, including deviations from the normal chromosome number or structural changes in chromosomes. CIN arises from errors in DNA replication and chromosome segregation during cell division, leading to the formation of cells with abnormal number and/or structure of chromosomes. Errors in DNA replication result from abnormal replication licensing as well as replication stress, such as double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks; meanwhile, errors in chromosome segregation stem from defects in chromosome segregation machinery, including centrosome amplification, erroneous microtubule-kinetochore attachments, spindle assembly checkpoint, or defective sister chromatids cohesion. In normal cells, CIN is deleterious and is associated with DNA damage, proteotoxic stress, metabolic alteration, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. Paradoxically, despite these negative consequences, CIN is one of the hallmarks of cancer found in over 90% of solid tumors and in blood cancers. Furthermore, CIN could endow tumors with enhanced adaptation capabilities due to increased intratumor heterogeneity, thereby facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies; however, excessive CIN could induce tumor cells death, leading to the "just-right" model for CIN in tumors. Elucidating the complex nature of CIN is crucial for understanding the dynamics of tumorigenesis and for developing effective anti-tumor treatments. This review provides an overview of causes and consequences of CIN, as well as the paradox of CIN, a phenomenon that continues to perplex researchers. Finally, this review explores the potential of CIN-based anti-tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sharon Hillary
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sumera Naqvi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao W, Lu J, Yang Z, Li E, Cao Y, Xie L. Mitotic Functions and Characters of KIF11 in Cancers. Biomolecules 2024; 14:386. [PMID: 38672404 PMCID: PMC11047945 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitosis mediates the accurate separation of daughter cells, and abnormalities are closely related to cancer progression. KIF11, a member of the kinesin family, plays a vital role in the formation and maintenance of the mitotic spindle. Recently, an increasing quantity of data have demonstrated the upregulated expression of KIF11 in various cancers, promoting the emergence and progression of cancers. This suggests the great potential of KIF11 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the molecular mechanisms of KIF11 in cancers have not been systematically summarized. Therefore, we first discuss the functions of the protein encoded by KIF11 during mitosis and connect the abnormal expression of KIF11 with its clinical significance. Then, we elucidate the mechanism of KIF11 to promote various hallmarks of cancers. Finally, we provide an overview of KIF11 inhibitors and outline areas for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yufei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.G.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (E.L.)
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.G.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (E.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li T, Shetty S, Kamath A, Jaiswal A, Jiang X, Ding Y, Kim Y. CancerGPT for few shot drug pair synergy prediction using large pretrained language models. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:40. [PMID: 38374445 PMCID: PMC10876664 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to have significant potential in few-shot learning across various fields, even with minimal training data. However, their ability to generalize to unseen tasks in more complex fields, such as biology and medicine has yet to be fully evaluated. LLMs can offer a promising alternative approach for biological inference, particularly in cases where structured data and sample size are limited, by extracting prior knowledge from text corpora. Here we report our proposed few-shot learning approach, which uses LLMs to predict the synergy of drug pairs in rare tissues that lack structured data and features. Our experiments, which involved seven rare tissues from different cancer types, demonstrate that the LLM-based prediction model achieves significant accuracy with very few or zero samples. Our proposed model, the CancerGPT (with ~ 124M parameters), is comparable to the larger fine-tuned GPT-3 model (with ~ 175B parameters). Our research contributes to tackling drug pair synergy prediction in rare tissues with limited data, and also advancing the use of LLMs for biological and medical inference tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Li
- School of Information, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sandesh Shetty
- Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Advaith Kamath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ajay Jaiswal
- School of Information, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- School of Information, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yejin Kim
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou AS, Tucker JB, Scribano CM, Lynch AR, Carlsen CL, Pop-Vicas ST, Pattaswamy SM, Burkard ME, Weaver BA. Diverse microtubule-targeted anticancer agents kill cells by inducing chromosome missegregation on multipolar spindles. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002339. [PMID: 37883329 PMCID: PMC10602348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeted agents are commonly used for cancer treatment, though many patients do not benefit. Microtubule-targeted drugs were assumed to elicit anticancer activity via mitotic arrest because they cause cell death following mitotic arrest in cell culture. However, we recently demonstrated that intratumoral paclitaxel concentrations are insufficient to induce mitotic arrest and rather induce chromosomal instability (CIN) via multipolar mitotic spindles. Here, we show in metastatic breast cancer and relevant human cellular models that this mechanism is conserved among clinically useful microtubule poisons. While multipolar divisions typically produce inviable progeny, multipolar spindles can be focused into near-normal bipolar spindles at any stage of mitosis. Using a novel method to quantify the rate of CIN, we demonstrate that cell death positively correlates with net loss of DNA. Spindle focusing decreases CIN and causes resistance to diverse microtubule poisons, which can be counteracted by addition of a drug that increases CIN without affecting spindle polarity. These results demonstrate conserved mechanisms of action and resistance for diverse microtubule-targeted agents. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03393741.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber S. Zhou
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John B. Tucker
- Cancer Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Scribano
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Lynch
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Caleb L. Carlsen
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sophia T. Pop-Vicas
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Srishrika M. Pattaswamy
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Burkard
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Beth A. Weaver
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Łomzik M, Błauż A, Głodek M, Makal A, Tchoń D, Ayine-Tora DM, Hartinger C, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Organometallic Ru, Os, Rh and Ir half-sandwich conjugates of ispinesib - impact of the organometallic group on the antimitotic activity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11859-11874. [PMID: 37464882 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01217d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimitotic agents are among the most important drugs used in anticancer therapy. Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) was proposed as a promising target for new antimitotic drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis of Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir half-sandwich complexes with the KSP inhibitor ispinesib and its (S)-enantiomer. Conjugation of the organometallic moiety with ispinesib and its (S)-enantiomer resulted in a significantly increased cytotoxicity of up to 5.6-fold compared to the parent compounds, with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. The most active derivatives were the ispinesib Ru and Rh conjugates which were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may at least partially explain their high cytotoxicity. At the same time, the Os and Ir derivatives acted as KSP inhibitors with no effects on ROS generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Łomzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marta Głodek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Makal
- Laboratory for Structural and Biochemical Research (LBSBio), Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Daniel Tchoń
- Laboratory for Structural and Biochemical Research (LBSBio), Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Christian Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Impastato AC, Shemet A, Vepřek NA, Saper G, Rao L, Hess H, Gennerich A, Trauner D. Optical Control of Mitosis with a Photoswitchable Eg5 Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115846. [PMID: 34958711 PMCID: PMC9533678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Eg5 is a kinesin motor protein that is responsible for bipolar spindle formation and plays a crucial role during mitosis. Loss of Eg5 function leads to the formation of monopolar spindles, followed by mitotic arrest, and subsequent cell death. Several cell-permeable small molecules have been reported to inhibit Eg5 and some have been evaluated as anticancer agents. We now describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of photoswitchable variants with five different pharmacophores. Our lead compound Azo-EMD is a cell permeable azobenzene that inhibits Eg5 more potently in its light-induced cis form. This activity decreased the velocity of Eg5 in single-molecule assays, promoted formation of monopolar spindles, and led to mitotic arrest in a light dependent way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrej Shemet
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003, USA
| | - Nynke A. Vepřek
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003, USA,Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gadiel Saper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10025, USA
| | - Lu Rao
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Henry Hess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10025, USA
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Impastato AC, Shemet A, Vepřek NA, Saper G, Hess H, Rao L, Gennerich A, Trauner D. Optical Control of Mitosis with a Photoswitchable Eg5 Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrej Shemet
- Department of Chemistry New York University New York 10003 USA
| | - Nynke A. Vepřek
- Department of Chemistry New York University New York 10003 USA
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Gadiel Saper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York 10025 USA
| | - Henry Hess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York 10025 USA
| | - Lu Rao
- Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York 10461 USA
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York 10461 USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry New York University New York 10003 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Laine LJ, Mäki-Jouppila JHE, Kutvonen E, Tiikkainen P, Nyholm TKM, Tien JF, Umbreit NT, Härmä V, Kallio L, Davis TN, Asbury CL, Poso A, Gorbsky GJ, Kallio MJ. VTT-006, an anti-mitotic compound, binds to the Ndc80 complex and suppresses cancer cell growth in vitro. Oncoscience 2021; 8:134-153. [PMID: 34926718 PMCID: PMC8667816 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hec1 (Highly expressed in cancer 1) resides in the outer kinetochore where it works to facilitate proper kinetochore-microtubule interactions during mitosis. Hec1 is overexpressed in various cancers and its expression shows correlation with high tumour grade and poor patient prognosis. Chemical perturbation of Hec1 is anticipated to impair kinetochore-microtubule binding, activate the spindle assembly checkpoint (spindle checkpoint) and thereby suppress cell proliferation. In this study, we performed high-throughput screen to identify novel small molecules that target the Hec1 calponin homology domain (CHD), which is needed for normal microtubule attachments. 4 million compounds were first virtually fitted against the CHD, and the best hit molecules were evaluated in vitro. These approaches led to the identification of VTT-006, a 1,2-disubstituted-tetrahydro-beta-carboline derivative, which showed binding to recombinant Ndc80 complex and modulated Hec1 association with microtubules in vitro. VTT-006 treatment resulted in chromosome congression defects, reduced chromosome oscillations and induced loss of inter-kinetochore tension. Cells remained arrested in mitosis with an active spindle checkpoint for several hours before undergoing cell death. VTT-006 suppressed the growth of several cancer cell lines and enhanced the sensitivity of HeLa cells to Taxol. Our findings propose that VTT-006 is a potential anti-mitotic compound that disrupts M phase, impairs kinetochore-microtubule interactions, and activates the spindle checkpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leena J Laine
- VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Otaniemi, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jenni H E Mäki-Jouppila
- VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Otaniemi, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Emma Kutvonen
- VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Otaniemi, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Pekka Tiikkainen
- VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Otaniemi, Finland
| | | | - Jerry F Tien
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Neil T Umbreit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ville Härmä
- VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Otaniemi, Finland
| | - Lila Kallio
- VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Otaniemi, Finland
| | - Trisha N Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles L Asbury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gary J Gorbsky
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Marko J Kallio
- VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Otaniemi, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Eg5 as a Prognostic Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071698. [PMID: 34359867 PMCID: PMC8303881 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kinesin Eg5, a mitosis-associated protein, is overexpressed in many cancers. Here we explored the clinical significance of Eg5 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS HCC tissues from surgical resection were collected. Total RNA was prepared from tumorous and nontumorous parts. Eg5 expression levels were correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In vitro efficacy of LGI-147, a specific Eg5 inhibitor, was tested in HCC cell lines. In vivo efficacy of Eg5 inhibition was investigated in a xenograft model. RESULTS A total of 108 HCC samples were included. The patients were divided into three tertile groups with high, medium, and low Eg5 expression levels. OS of patients with low Eg5 expression was better than that of patients with medium and high Eg5 expression (median, 155.6 vs. 75.3 vs. 57.7 months, p = 0.002). DFS of patients with low Eg5 expression was also better than that of patients with medium and high Eg5 expression (median, 126.3 vs. 46.2 vs. 39.4 months, p = 0.001). In multivariate analyses, the associations between Eg5 expression and OS (p < 0.001) or DFS remained (p < 0.001). LGI-147 reduced cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and induced accumulation of abnormal mitotic cells. In the xenograft model, the tumor growth rate under LGI-147 treatment was significantly slower than under the control. CONCLUSION High Eg5 expression was associated with poor HCC prognosis. In vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that Eg5 may be a reasonable therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
|
10
|
Novais P, Silva PMA, Amorim I, Bousbaa H. Second-Generation Antimitotics in Cancer Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1011. [PMID: 34371703 PMCID: PMC8309102 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitosis represents a promising target to block cancer cell proliferation. Classical antimitotics, mainly microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs), such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids, are amongst the most successful anticancer drugs. By disrupting microtubules, they activate the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which induces a prolonged delay in mitosis, expected to induce cell death. However, resistance, toxicity, and slippage limit the MTA's effectiveness. With the desire to overcome some of the MTA's limitations, mitotic and SAC components have attracted great interest as promising microtubule-independent targets, leading to the so-called second-generation antimitotics (SGAs). The identification of inhibitors against most of these targets, and the promising outcomes achieved in preclinical assays, has sparked the interest of academia and industry. Many of these inhibitors have entered clinical trials; however, they exhibited limited efficacy as monotherapy, and failed to go beyond phase II trials. Combination therapies are emerging as promising strategies to give a second chance to these SGAs. Here, an updated view of the SGAs that reached clinical trials is here provided, together with future research directions, focusing on inhibitors that target the SAC components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Novais
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (P.N.); (P.M.A.S.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M. A. Silva
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (P.N.); (P.M.A.S.)
| | - Isabel Amorim
- GreenUPorto (Sustainable Agrifood Production) Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (P.N.); (P.M.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Serrano-Del Valle A, Reina-Ortiz C, Benedi A, Anel A, Naval J, Marzo I. Future prospects for mitosis-targeted antitumor therapies. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114655. [PMID: 34129859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of cell cycle progression is a hallmark of cancer cells. In recent years, efforts have been devoted to the development of new therapies that target proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and mitosis. Novel targeted antimitotic drugs include inhibitors of aurora kinase family, polo-like kinase 1, Mps1, Eg5, CENP-5 and the APC/cyclosome complex. While certain new inhibitors reached the clinical trial stage, most were discontinued due to negative results. However, these therapies should not be readily dismissed. Based on recent advances concerning their mechanisms of action, new strategies could be devised to increase their efficacy and promote further clinical trials. Here we discuss three main lines of action to empower these therapeutic approaches: increasing cell death signals during mitotic arrest, targeting senescent cells and facilitating antitumor immune response through immunogenic cell death (ICD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantal Reina-Ortiz
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Andrea Benedi
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Alberto Anel
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Javier Naval
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Garcia-Saez I, Skoufias DA. Eg5 targeting agents: From new anti-mitotic based inhibitor discovery to cancer therapy and resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 184:114364. [PMID: 33310050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eg5, the product of Kif11 gene, also known as kinesin spindle protein, is a motor protein involved in the proper establishment of a bipolar mitotic spindle. Eg5 is one of the 45 different kinesins coded in the human genome of the kinesin motor protein superfamily. Over the last three decades Eg5 has attracted great interest as a promising new mitotic target. The identification of monastrol as specific inhibitor of the ATPase activity of the motor domain of Eg5 inhibiting the Eg5 microtubule motility in vitro and in cellulo sparked an intense interest in academia and industry to pursue the identification of novel small molecules that target Eg5 in order to be used in cancer chemotherapy based on the anti-mitotic strategy. Several Eg5 inhibitors entered clinical trials. Currently the field is faced with the problem that most of the inhibitors tested exhibited only limited efficacy. However, one Eg5 inhibitor, Arry-520 (clinical name filanesib), has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with multiple myeloma and is scheduled to enter phase III clinical trials. At the same time, new trends in Eg5 inhibitor research are emerging, including an increased interest in novel inhibitor binding sites and a focus on drug synergy with established antitumor agents to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. This review presents an updated view of the structure and function of Eg5-inhibitor complexes, traces the possible development of resistance to Eg5 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications, and surveys the current challenges and future directions of this active field in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Garcia-Saez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitrios A Skoufias
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng J, Zhang C, Li Y, Jiang Y, Xing B, Du X. p21-activated kinase 6 controls mitosis and hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating Eg5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118888. [PMID: 33098954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
P21-activated kinases 6 (PAK6) associated with many fundamental cellular processes in cancer including cell-cell adhesion, migration and apoptosis. Here, we report a novel function of PAK6 in mitosis. Expression of PAK6 peaks in the M phase. Knockdown of PAK6 increases cell number in G2/M and promotes cell proliferation. PAK6 specifically colocalizes with Eg5 in the centrosome. Depletion of PAK6 results in multipolar spindle and a simultaneous upregulation of Eg5. Further, the PAK6 depletion-induced multiple spindle and cell cycle progression is reversed by knockdown of Eg5. These data suggest that PAK6 regulates spindle formation and cell cycle by regulating Eg5 expression. Additionally, expression of PAK6 is upregulated when Eg5 is downregulated or inhibited. Thus, PAK6 and Eg5 negatively inter-regulate each other. Significantly, the effect of PAK6 expression on the outcome of the HCC patients is controlled by Eg5 expression. Inhibition of Eg5 reverses PAK6 depletion-promoted cell invasion. Collectively, our data indicate that the inter-regulation between PAK6 and Eg5 might promote the progression of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li TF, Zeng HJ, Shan Z, Ye RY, Cheang TY, Zhang YJ, Lu SH, Zhang Q, Shao N, Lin Y. Overexpression of kinesin superfamily members as prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:123. [PMID: 32322170 PMCID: PMC7161125 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesin superfamily (KIFs) has a long-reported significant influence on the initiation, development, and progress of breast cancer. However, the prognostic value of whole family members was poorly done. Our study intends to demonstrate the value of kinesin superfamily members as prognostic biomarkers as well as a therapeutic target of breast cancer. METHODS Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were done using data from TCGA, GEO, METABRIC, and GTEx. LASSO regression was done to select tumor-related members. Nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients. Expression profiles were testified by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Transcription factor, GO and KEGG enrichments were done to explore regulatory mechanism and functions. RESULTS A total of 20 differentially expressed KIFs were identified between breast cancer and normal tissue with 4 (KIF17, KIF26A, KIF7, KIFC3) downregulated and 16 (KIF10, KIF11, KIF14, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF20B, KIF22, KIF23, KIF24, KIF26B, KIF2C, KIF3B, KIF4A, KIFC1) overexpressed. Among which, 11 overexpressed KIFs (KIF10, KIF11, KIF14, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF23, KIF2C, KIF4A, KIFC1) significantly correlated with worse OS, relapse-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of breast cancer. A 6-KIFs-based risk score (KIF10, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF4A) was generated by LASSO regression with a nomogram validated an accurate predictive efficacy. Both mRNA and protein expression of KIFs are experimentally demonstrated upregulated in breast cancer patients. Msh Homeobox 1 (MSX1) was identified as transcription factors of KIFs in breast cancer. GO and KEGG enrichments revealed functions and pathways affected in breast cancer. CONCLUSION Overexpression of tumor-related KIFs correlate with worse outcomes of breast cancer patients and can work as potential prognostic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Fu Li
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Hui-Juan Zeng
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhen Shan
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Run-Yi Ye
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Tuck-Yun Cheang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yun-Jian Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Si-Hong Lu
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Nan Shao
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ying Lin
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ding L, Li B, Yu X, Li Z, Li X, Dang S, Lv Q, Wei J, Sun H, Chen H, Liu M, Li G. KIF15 facilitates gastric cancer via enhancing proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and predict poor prognosis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:125. [PMID: 32322172 PMCID: PMC7160940 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) can transport membranous organelles and protein complexes in an ATP-dependent manner. Kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) is overexpressed in various cancers. However, the function of KIF15 in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. Methods GC patients’ data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The expression of KIF15 was examined in GC and paracarcinoma tissues from 41 patients to verify the analysis results. The relationship between KIF15 expression and clinical characteristics were also observed by bioinformatics methods. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of 122 GC patients in our hospital was performed to explore the relationship between KIF15 expression levels and GC patients’ prognosis. KIF15 was downregulated in GC cell lines AGS and SGC-7901 by transfecting a lentivirus-mediated shRNA plasmid targeting KIF15. In vitro, GC cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay, colony formation assay, and Annexin V-APC staining. In vivo, xenograft experiments were used to verify the in vitro results. Furthermore, Human Apoptosis Antibody Array kit was used to screen possible targets of KIF15 in GC cell lines. Results The bioinformatics results showed that KIF15 expression levels were higher in GC tissues than in normal tissues. IHC showed same results. High expression of KIF15 was statistical correlated with high age and early histologic stage. Kaplan–Meier curves indicated that high KIF15 expression predict poor prognosis in patients with GC. MTT assay and colony formation assay showed that KIF15 promote GC cell proliferation. Annexin V-APC staining found that KIF15 can inhibit GC cell apoptosis. Xenograft experiments reveal that downregulating KIF15 can inhibit GC tumor growth and promote GC apoptosis. Through detection of 43 anti-apoptotic proteins by the Human Apoptosis Antibody Array kit, it was confirmed that knocking down KIF15 can reduce seven anti-apoptotic proteins expression. Conclusions Taken together, our study revealed a critical role for KIF15 to inhibit GC cell apoptosis and promote GC cell proliferation. KIF15 may decrease anti-apoptotic proteins expression by regulating apoptosis pathways. High expression of KIF15 predicts a poor prognosis in patients with GC. KIF15 might be a novel prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Ding
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Bin Li
- 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Zhongsheng Li
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xinglong Li
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Shuwei Dang
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Qiang Lv
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Jiufeng Wei
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Haixia Sun
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Ming Liu
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Guodong Li
- 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China.,2Bio-Bank of Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Algarín EM, Hernández-García S, Garayoa M, Ocio EM. Filanesib for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 29:5-14. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1703179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Hernández-García
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique M. Ocio
- University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu X, Chen Y, Li Y, Petersen RB, Huang K. Targeting mitosis exit: A brake for cancer cell proliferation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:179-191. [PMID: 30611728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transition from mitosis to interphase, referred to as mitotic exit, is a critical mitotic process which involves activation and inactivation of multiple mitotic kinases and counteracting protein phosphatases. Loss of mitotic exit checkpoints is a common feature of cancer cells, leading to mitotic dysregulation and confers cancer cells with oncogenic characteristics, such as aberrant proliferation and microtubule-targeting agent (MTA) resistance. Since MTA resistance results from cancer cells prematurely exiting mitosis (mitotic slippage), blocking mitotic exit is believed to be a promising anticancer strategy. Moreover, based on this theory, simultaneous inhibition of mitotic exit and additional cell cycle phases would likely achieve synergistic antitumor effects. In this review, we divide the molecular regulators of mitotic exit into four categories based on their different regulatory functions: 1) the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C, a ubiquitin ligase), 2) cyclin B, 3) mitotic kinases and phosphatases, 4) kinesins and microtubule-binding proteins. We also review the regulators of mitotic exit and propose prospective anticancer strategies targeting mitotic exit, including their strengths and possible challenges to their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Paier CRK, Maranhão SS, Carneiro TR, Lima LM, Rocha DD, da Silva Santos R, de Farias KM, de Moraes-Filho MO, Pessoa C. Natural products as new antimitotic compounds for anticancer drug development. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e813s. [PMID: 30540125 PMCID: PMC6256996 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e813s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control genes are frequently mutated in cancer cells, which usually display higher rates of proliferation than normal cells. Dysregulated mitosis leads to genomic instability, which contributes to tumor progression and aggressiveness. Many drugs that disrupt mitosis have been studied because they induce cell cycle arrest and tumor cell death. These antitumor compounds are referred to as antimitotics. Vinca alkaloids and taxanes are natural products that target microtubules and inhibit mitosis, and their derivatives are among the most commonly used drugs in cancer therapy worldwide. However, severe adverse effects such as neuropathies are frequently observed during treatment with microtubule-targeting agents. Many efforts have been directed at developing improved antimitotics with increased specificity and decreased likelihood of inducing side effects. These new drugs generally target specific components of mitotic regulation that are mainly or exclusively expressed during cell division, such as kinases, motor proteins and multiprotein complexes. Such small molecules are now in preclinical studies and clinical trials, and many are products or derivatives from natural sources. In this review, we focused on the most promising targets for the development of antimitotics and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of these targets. We also highlighted the novel natural antimitotic agents under investigation by our research group, including combretastatins, withanolides and pterocarpans, which show the potential to circumvent the main issues in antimitotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roberto Koscky Paier
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Sarah Sant'Anna Maranhão
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
| | - Teiliane Rodrigues Carneiro
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Sintese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Farmacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Lídia Moreira Lima
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Sintese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Farmacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Danilo Damasceno Rocha
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
| | - Renan da Silva Santos
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
| | - Kaio Moraes de Farias
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes-Filho
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nagarajan S, Sakkiah S. Exploring a potential allosteric inhibition mechanism in the motor domain of human Eg-5. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2394-2403. [PMID: 30047307 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1486229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin-5 (Eg-5), microtubule motor protein, is one of the emerging drug targets in cancer research. Several inhibitors have been reported to bind the hEg-5 "motor domain" in two different locations that are potentially allosteric. Interestingly, the crystal structure of Eg-5 bound to benzimidazole unveils two chemically different allosteric pockets (PDB ID: 3ZCW). The allosteric modulators inhibit Eg-5 activity by causing conformational changes that affect nucleotide turnover rate. In the present work, three allosteric inhibitors were simulated along with the substrate nucleotides (ADP and ATP) to capture conformation changes induced by the allosteric inhibitors. To analyze the allosteric inhibition mechanism, we used dynamics cross-correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and enthalpic calculations. The loop L5 interaction is determined by the type of substrate bind at the nucleotide binding site. The SW-II flexibility increased upon dual allosteric inhibition by SB-743921 and 6a. The ionic interaction between R221-E116 is observed only in the presence of two allosteric inhibitors. Also, we noticed that the α2/α3 helical orientation is responsible for the SW-1 loop position and substrate binding. Our simulation data suggest the critical chemical features required to block the motor domain by the allosteric inhibitors. The results summarized in this work will help the researchers to design better therapeutic agents targeting hEg-5. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Nagarajan
- a Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , Oregon Health Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Sugunadevi Sakkiah
- b Department of BioMedical Sciences , Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lang PY, Gershon TR. A New Way to Treat Brain Tumors: Targeting Proteins Coded by Microcephaly Genes?: Brain tumors and microcephaly arise from opposing derangements regulating progenitor growth. Drivers of microcephaly could be attractive brain tumor targets. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700243. [PMID: 29577351 PMCID: PMC5910257 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New targets for brain tumor therapies may be identified by mutations that cause hereditary microcephaly. Brain growth depends on the repeated proliferation of stem and progenitor cells. Microcephaly syndromes result from mutations that specifically impair the ability of brain progenitor or stem cells to proliferate, by inducing either premature differentiation or apoptosis. Brain tumors that derive from brain progenitor or stem cells may share many of the specific requirements of their cells of origin. These tumors may therefore be susceptible to disruptions of the protein products of genes that are mutated in microcephaly. The potential for the products of microcephaly genes to be therapeutic targets in brain tumors are highlighted hereby reviewing research on EG5, KIF14, ASPM, CDK6, and ATR. Treatments that disrupt these proteins may open new avenues for brain tumor therapy that have increased efficacy and decreased toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y. Lang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Timothy R. Gershon
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sleiman PMA, March M, Nguyen K, Tian L, Pellegrino R, Hou C, Dridi W, Sager M, Housawi YH, Hakonarson H. Loss-of-Function Mutations in KIF15 Underlying a Braddock-Carey Genocopy. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:507-510. [PMID: 28150392 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Braddock-Carey Syndrome (BCS) is characterized by microcephaly, congenital thrombocytopenia, Pierre-Robin sequence (PRS), and agenesis of the corpus callosum. BCS has been shown to be caused by a 21q22.11 microdeletion that encompasses multiple genes. Here, we report a BCS genocopy characterized by congenital thrombocytopenia and PRS that is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in KIF15 in a consanguineous Saudi Arabian family. Mutations of mitotic kinesins are a well-established cause of microcephaly. To our knowledge, KIF15 is the first kinesin to be associated with congenital thrombocytopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M A Sleiman
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael March
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenny Nguyen
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lifeng Tian
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Renata Pellegrino
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cuiping Hou
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walid Dridi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Research, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sager
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Research, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef H Housawi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Research, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Infante JR, Patnaik A, Verschraegen CF, Olszanski AJ, Shaheen M, Burris HA, Tolcher AW, Papadopoulos KP, Beeram M, Hynes SM, Leohr J, Lin AB, Li LQ, McGlothlin A, Farrington DL, Westin EH, Cohen RB. Two Phase 1 dose-escalation studies exploring multiple regimens of litronesib (LY2523355), an Eg5 inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 79:315-326. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Targeting the Mitotic Catastrophe Signaling Pathway in Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:146282. [PMID: 26491220 PMCID: PMC4600505 DOI: 10.1155/2015/146282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe, as defined in 2012 by the International Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death, is a bona fide intrinsic oncosuppressive mechanism that senses mitotic failure and responds by driving a cell to an irreversible antiproliferative fate of death or senescence. Thus, failed mitotic catastrophe can promote the unrestrained growth of defective cells, thereby representing a major gateway to tumour development. Furthermore, the activation of mitotic catastrophe offers significant therapeutic advantage which has been exploited in the action of conventional and targeted anticancer agents. Yet, despite its importance in tumour prevention and treatment, the molecular mechanism of mitotic catastrophe is not well understood. A better understanding of the signals that determine cell fate following failed or defective mitosis will reveal new opportunities to selectively target and enhance the programme for therapeutic benefit and reveal biomarkers to predict patient response. This review is focused on the molecular mechanism of mitotic catastrophe induction and signalling and highlights current strategies to exploit the process in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chattopadhyay S, Stewart AL, Mukherjee S, Huang C, Hartwell KA, Miller PG, Subramanian R, Carmody LC, Yusuf RZ, Sykes DB, Paulk J, Vetere A, Vallet S, Santo L, Cirstea DD, Hideshima T, Dančík V, Majireck MM, Hussain MM, Singh S, Quiroz R, Iaconelli J, Karmacharya R, Tolliday NJ, Clemons PA, Moore MAS, Stern AM, Shamji AF, Ebert BL, Golub TR, Raje NS, Scadden DT, Schreiber SL. Niche-Based Screening in Multiple Myeloma Identifies a Kinesin-5 Inhibitor with Improved Selectivity over Hematopoietic Progenitors. Cell Rep 2015; 10:755-770. [PMID: 25660025 PMCID: PMC4524791 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required for multiple myeloma (MM). We used a phenotypic screening approach using co-cultures of MM cells with bone marrow stromal cells to identify compounds that overcome stromal resistance. One such compound, BRD9876, displayed selectivity over normal hematopoietic progenitors and was discovered to be an unusual ATP non-competitive kinesin-5 (Eg5) inhibitor. A novel mutation caused resistance, suggesting a binding site distinct from known Eg5 inhibitors, and BRD9876 inhibited only microtubule-bound Eg5. Eg5 phosphorylation, which increases microtubule binding, uniquely enhanced BRD9876 activity. MM cells have greater phosphorylated Eg5 than hematopoietic cells, consistent with increased vulnerability specifically to BRD9876's mode of action. Thus, differences in Eg5-microtubule binding between malignant and normal blood cells may be exploited to treat multiple myeloma. Additional steps are required for further therapeutic development, but our results indicate that unbiased chemical biology approaches can identify therapeutic strategies unanticipated by prior knowledge of protein targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrikanta Chattopadhyay
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Alison L Stewart
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Siddhartha Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cherrie Huang
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Peter G Miller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Leigh C Carmody
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rushdia Z Yusuf
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David B Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joshiawa Paulk
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sonia Vallet
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Loredana Santo
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Vlado Dančík
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Max M Majireck
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mahmud M Hussain
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shambhavi Singh
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ryan Quiroz
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Iaconelli
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Nicola J Tolliday
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Malcolm A S Moore
- Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew M Stern
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Alykhan F Shamji
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Noopur S Raje
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics / Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ding S, Zhao Z, Sun D, Wu F, Bi D, Lu J, Xing N, Sun L, Wu H, Ding K. Eg5 inhibitor, a novel potent targeted therapy, induces cell apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7659-68. [PMID: 24801905 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eg5 is critical for mitosis and overexpressed in various malignant tumors, which has now been identified as a promising target in cancer therapy. However, the anti-cancer activity of Eg5 inhibitor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains an open issue. In this paper, we evaluated, for the first time, the therapeutic benefit of blocking Eg5 by S-(methoxytrityl)-L-cysteine (S(MeO)TLC) in RCC both in vitro and vivo. The expression of Eg5 was examined in clinical tissue samples and various kidney cell lines, including 293T, 786-0, and OS-RC-2. The anti-proliferative activity of Eg5 inhibitors, (S)-trityl-L-cysteine (STLC) and S(MeO)TLC, was evaluated by a cell viability assay. An apoptosis assay with Hoechst nuclear staining and flow cytometry was applied to investigate the efficacy of the S(MeO)TLC, which is more potent than STLC. Immunofluorescence was used to research the possible mechanism. Furthermore, in vivo studies were performed by using subcutaneous xenograft models, which were used to confirm its role as a potential anti-neoplastic drug. The Eg5 expression was detected in kidney cell lines and RCC tissues, which was low in normal kidney samples. STLC and S(MeO)TLC exhibited their optimal anti-proliferative activity in 72 h, and cells treated with S(MeO)TLC presented characteristic monoastral spindle phenotype in 24 h and apoptotic cells in 48 h. In vivo, S(MeO)TLC effectively suppressed tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft models. Inhibition of Eg5 represses the proliferation of RCC in vitro and in vivo. All these findings collectively demonstrate that S(MeO)TLC, a potent Eg5 inhibitor, is a promising anti-cancer agent for the treatment of RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sentai Ding
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Oku Y, Tareyanagi C, Takaya S, Osaka S, Ujiie H, Yoshida K, Nishiya N, Uehara Y. Multimodal effects of small molecule ROCK and LIMK inhibitors on mitosis, and their implication as anti-leukemia agents. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92402. [PMID: 24642638 PMCID: PMC3958508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation is vital for cell viability. Many cancer cells show chromosome instability (CIN) due to aberrant expression of the genes involved in chromosome segregation. The induction of massive chromosome segregation errors in such cancer cells by small molecule inhibitors is an emerging strategy to kill these cells selectively. Here we screened and characterized small molecule inhibitors which cause mitotic chromosome segregation errors to target cancer cell growth. We screened about 300 chemicals with known targets, and found that Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitors bypassed the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which delays anaphase onset until proper kinetochore-microtubule interactions are established. We investigated how ROCK inhibitors affect chromosome segregation, and found that they induced microtubule-dependent centrosome fragmentation. Knockdown of ROCK1 and ROCK2 revealed their additive roles in centrosome integrity. Pharmacological inhibition of LIMK also induced centrosome fragmentation similar to that by ROCK inhibitors. Inhibition of ROCK or LIMK hyper-stabilized mitotic spindles and impaired Aurora-A activation. These results suggested that ROCK and LIMK are directly or indirectly involved in microtubule dynamics and activation of Aurora-A. Furthermore, inhibition of ROCK or LIMK suppressed T cell leukemia growth in vitro, but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells. They induced centrosome fragmentation and apoptosis in T cell leukemia cells. These results suggested that ROCK and LIMK can be a potential target for anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Oku
- Department of Microbial Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Iwate Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Chiaki Tareyanagi
- Department of Microbial Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Iwate Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takaya
- Department of Microbial Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Iwate Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Sayaka Osaka
- Department of Microbial Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Iwate Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Haruki Ujiie
- Department of Microbial Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Iwate Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshida
- Department of Microbial Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Iwate Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Nishiya
- Department of Microbial Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Iwate Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Uehara
- Department of Microbial Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Iwate Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
A new study demonstrates that two microtubule plus end-directed kinesins can oppose each other. The cause of this apparent contradiction is the specific orientation of microtubules on which each motor exerts its force.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Groen
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Marzo I, Naval J. Antimitotic drugs in cancer chemotherapy: promises and pitfalls. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:703-10. [PMID: 23886991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells usually display higher proliferation rates than normal cells. Some currently used antitumor drugs, such as vinca alkaloids and taxanes, act by targeting microtubules and inhibiting mitosis. In the last years, different mitotic regulators have been proposed as drug target candidates for antitumor therapies. In particular, inhibitors of Cdks, Chks, Aurora kinase and Polo-like kinase have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in animal models and some of them have reached clinical trials. However, to date, none of these inhibitors has been still approved for use in chemotherapy regimes. We will discuss here the most recent preclinical information on those new antimitotic drugs, as well as the possible molecular bases underlying their lack of clinical efficiency. Also, advances in the identification of other mitosis-related targets will be also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Doménech E, Malumbres M. Mitosis-targeting therapies: a troubleshooting guide. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:519-28. [PMID: 23583638 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several mitotic kinases and kinesins are currently considered as cancer targets based on their critical role during the cell division cycle and their significant level of expression in human tumors. Yet, their use is limited by the lack of selectivity against tumor cells, the low percentage of mitotic cells in many human tumors, and dose-limiting side-effects. As a consequence, initial clinical trials have shown limited responses. Despite these drawbacks, inhibiting mitosis is a promising strategy that deserves further development. Future advances will benefit from more specific inhibitors with better pharmacodynamic properties, a clear physiological characterization and cell-type-specific requirements of old and new mitotic targets, and rational strategies based on synthetic lethal interactions to improve selectivity against tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Doménech
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|