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Xie MG, Wang XF, Qiao J, Zhou J, Guan YG, Li TF, Qi XL, Luan GM. The clinicopathological features of ganglioglioma with CD34 expression and BRAF mutation in patients with epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1022364. [PMID: 36910263 PMCID: PMC9995901 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1022364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features, as well as the surgical prognosis, of epilepsy-associated gangliogliomas (GG) with CD34 expression and BRAFV600E mutation. Methods Clinical data of patients who underwent epilepsy surgery for GG were retrospectively studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the correlations of clinical and pathological factors with molecular markers of CD34 expression and BRAFV600E mutation in GG. Results A total of 208 patients with GG had immunohistochemical detection of CD34 expression (positive/negative: 184/24), and among them, 89 patients had immunohistochemical detection of BRAFV600E mutation (positive/negative: 54/35). By univariate and multivariate analyses, seizure aura (p = 0.025), concordance of ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings (p = 0.045) and medial temporal tumor (p = 0.030) were found to be related to CD34 expression, but only hospitalization time (p = 0.042) was different for BRAF-mutated status. In addition, drug-resistant epilepsy (p = 0.040) and concordance of interictal EEG findings (p = 0.009) were found to be associated with tumor progression-free survival (PFS) in univariate analysis, but only concordance of interictal EEG findings was with significance in multivariate analysis. However, CD34 expression or BRAFV600E mutation in GG was not found to be associated with surgical outcomes of seizure control and tumor PFS. Conclusion The CD34 expression or BRAFV600E mutation in GG may partly influence the distribution of clinicopathological features of patients with epilepsy, but they may be not able to predict the surgical prognosis of seizure outcome and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Guo Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Guang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ling Qi
- Department of Neuropathology, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Ming Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Li XL, Wang S, Tang CY, Ma HW, Cheng ZZ, Zhao M, Sun WJ, Wang XF, Wang MY, Li TF, Qi XL, Zhou J, Luan GM, Guan YG. Translocation of High Mobility Group Box 1 From the Nucleus to the Cytoplasm in Depressed Patients With Epilepsy. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221136662. [PMID: 36383501 PMCID: PMC9677174 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221136662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy, especially those with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The aim of this study was to assess changes in high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) expression in epileptic patients with and without comorbid depression. Sixty patients with drug-resistant TLE who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy were enrolled. Anterior hippocampal samples were collected after surgery and analyzed by immunofluorescence (n = 7/group). We also evaluated the expression of HMGB1 in TLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis and measured the level of plasma HMGB1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that 28.3% of the patients (17/60) had comorbid depression. HMGB1 was ubiquitously expressed in all subregions of the anterior hippocampus. The ratio of HMGB1-immunoreactive neurons and astrocytes was significantly increased in both TLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis and TLE patients with comorbid depression compared to patients with TLE only. The ratio of cytoplasmic to nuclear HMGB1-positive neurons in the hippocampus was higher in depressed patients with TLE than in nondepressed patients, which suggested that more HMGB1 translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the depressed group. There was no significant difference in the plasma level of HMGB1 among patients with TLE alone, TLE with hippocampal sclerosis, and TLE with comorbid depression. The results of the study revealed that the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in hippocampal neurons may play a previously unrecognized role in the initiation and amplification of epilepsy and comorbid depression. The direct targeting of neural HMGB1 is a promising approach for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong-Yang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Wei Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Zhang Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ling Qi
- Department of Pathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Ming Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Guang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Wang YS, Liu D, Wang X, Luo QL, Ding L, Fan DY, Cai QL, Tang CY, Yang W, Guan YG, Li TF, Wang PG, Luan GM, An J. Rasmussen's encephalitis is characterized by relatively lower production of IFN-β and activated cytotoxic T cell upon herpes viruses infection. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:70. [PMID: 35337341 PMCID: PMC8957159 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE), a rare chronic neurological disorder characterized by CD8+ T cell infiltration and unihemispheric brain atrophy, is still unknown. Various human herpes viruses (HHVs) have been detected in RE brain, but their contribution to RE pathogenesis is unclear. Methods HHVs infection and relevant immune response were compared among brain tissues from RE, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Viral antigen or genome, CD8+ T cells, microglia and innate immunity molecules were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, DNA dot blot assay or immunofluorescence double staining. Cytokines were measured by multiplex flow cytometry. Cell apoptosis was visualized by TUNEL staining. Viral infection, immune response and the severity of unihemispheric atrophy were subjected to correlation analysis. Results Antigens of various HHVs were prevalent in RE and TLE brains, and the cumulative viral score of HHVs positively correlated with the unihemispheric atrophy in RE patients. CD8+ T cells infiltration were observed in both RE and TLE brains and showed co-localization with HHV antigens, but their activation, as revealed by Granzyme B (GZMB) release and apoptosis, was found only in RE. In comparison to TLE, RE brain tissues contained higher level of inflammatory cytokines, but the interferon-β level, which was negatively correlated with cumulative viral score, was relatively lower. In line with this, the DNA sensor STING and IFI16, rather than other innate immunity signaling molecules, were insufficiently activated in RE. Conclusions Compared with TBI, both RE and TLE had prevalently HHV infection and immune response in brain tissues. However, in comparison to TLE, RE showed insufficient activation of antiviral innate immunity but overactivation of cytotoxic T cells. Our results show the relatively lower level of antiviral innate immunity and overactivation of cytotoxic T cells in RE cases upon HHV infection, the overactivated T cells might be a compensate to the innate immunity but the causative evidence is lack in our study and need more investigation in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02379-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Song Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qiao-Li Luo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ling Ding
- MOE & NHC & CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic Of China
| | - Dong-Ying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qi-Liang Cai
- MOE & NHC & CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic Of China
| | - Chong-Yang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yu-Guang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Pei-Gang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Guo-Ming Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China. .,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Li XL, Tang CY, Wang S, Zhao M, Wang XF, Li TF, Qi XL, Luan GM, Guan YG. Regulation of TWIK-related K + channel 1 in the anterior hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with comorbid depression. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:108045. [PMID: 34116339 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy with comorbid depression has recently attracted increasing attention. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) may represent an increased risk of developing depression, especially if the seizures do not generalize. The two-pore domain potassium channel-TWIK-related K+ channel (TREK-1) plays important roles in both epilepsy and depression. However, the changes in its expression in patients with epilepsy with comorbid depression remain unclear. In the present study, we analyzed depressive symptoms using neuropsychiatric scales in forty-two patients with drug-resistant TLE, who also underwent EEG in waking and sleeping states, as well as 3.0 T brain MRI. We tested for TREK-1 positive neurons and microglial cells in the anterior hippocampi of patients with drug-resistant TLE with and without comorbid depression (n=5/group). Approximately 31% of patients with TLE had comorbid depression (13/42). Meanwhile, the patients who had hippocampal sclerosis had much higher scores on the depression rating scale. The results indicated the contribution of hippocampal sclerosis to the development of depression. Immunostaining of TREK-1 channels was observed in neurons and glia in the anterior hippocampus. Increased immunoreactivity of TREK-1 neurons was observed in the hippocampi of patients with TLE with comorbid depression compared with nondepressed patients with TLE. TREK-1 was expressed in almost all microglia. Curiously, more activated TREK-1-positive microglia were observed in patients with TLE with depression than in those without depression. The results suggested that a change in TREK-1 immunoreactivity was involved, at least partly, in the development of depression as a comorbidity of TLE. Imbalance of the TREK-1 channel may be a potential target for the treatment of patients with epilepsy with comorbid depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong-Yang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ling Qi
- Department of Pathology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Ming Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Guang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Li TF, Zeng HJ, Shan Z, Ye RY, Cheang TY, Zhang YJ, Lu SH, Zhang Q, Shao N, Lin Y. Overexpression of kinesin superfamily members as prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:123. [PMID: 32322170 PMCID: PMC7161125 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesin superfamily (KIFs) has a long-reported significant influence on the initiation, development, and progress of breast cancer. However, the prognostic value of whole family members was poorly done. Our study intends to demonstrate the value of kinesin superfamily members as prognostic biomarkers as well as a therapeutic target of breast cancer. METHODS Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were done using data from TCGA, GEO, METABRIC, and GTEx. LASSO regression was done to select tumor-related members. Nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients. Expression profiles were testified by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Transcription factor, GO and KEGG enrichments were done to explore regulatory mechanism and functions. RESULTS A total of 20 differentially expressed KIFs were identified between breast cancer and normal tissue with 4 (KIF17, KIF26A, KIF7, KIFC3) downregulated and 16 (KIF10, KIF11, KIF14, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF20B, KIF22, KIF23, KIF24, KIF26B, KIF2C, KIF3B, KIF4A, KIFC1) overexpressed. Among which, 11 overexpressed KIFs (KIF10, KIF11, KIF14, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF23, KIF2C, KIF4A, KIFC1) significantly correlated with worse OS, relapse-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of breast cancer. A 6-KIFs-based risk score (KIF10, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF4A) was generated by LASSO regression with a nomogram validated an accurate predictive efficacy. Both mRNA and protein expression of KIFs are experimentally demonstrated upregulated in breast cancer patients. Msh Homeobox 1 (MSX1) was identified as transcription factors of KIFs in breast cancer. GO and KEGG enrichments revealed functions and pathways affected in breast cancer. CONCLUSION Overexpression of tumor-related KIFs correlate with worse outcomes of breast cancer patients and can work as potential prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Fu Li
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Hui-Juan Zeng
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhen Shan
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Run-Yi Ye
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Tuck-Yun Cheang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yun-Jian Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Si-Hong Lu
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Nan Shao
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ying Lin
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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Li TF, Cheng YY, Wang Y, Wang H, Chen DF, Liu YT, Zhang L, Han WZ, Liu RD, Wang ZJ, Yang CM, Jafta CJ, Clemens D, Keiderling U. Analysis of Dimer Impurity in Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Solutions by Small-angle Neutron Scattering. Chin J Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Du XY, Chen SC, Guan YG, Gu JJ, Zhao M, Li TF, Pan JH, Luan GM. Asymmetry of Cerebral Peduncles for Predicting Motor Function Restoration in Young Patients Before Hemispherectomy. World Neurosurg 2018; 116:e634-e639. [PMID: 29777895 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hemispherectomy has been used successfully for patients with medically intractable epilepsy. However, it is difficult to predict postoperative motor function. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether the preoperative asymmetry of cerebral peduncles could be used to predict motor function restoration before hemispherectomy for young patients with medically intractable epilepsy. METHODS The clinical record and magnetic resonance imaging data of 53 patients were analyzed retrospectively. The correlation between preoperative cerebral peduncle asymmetry ratio (pCPAR) and pre- and postoperative changes in motor function was evaluated, as well as the influencing factors for pCPAR, such as duration and etiology factors. The restoration of motor function was defined as changes in pre- and postoperative hemiparesis. RESULTS The pCPARs of patients with improved and unchanged hemiparesis were significantly greater than that of worsened patients. Patients with a pCPAR of more than 1.5 had an obvious restorative capacity of motor function of the intact hemisphere, and these patients had a lower risk of worsening hemiparesis. The duration in the improved/unchanged and worsened groups was 5.84 ± 3.85 years and 2.67 ± 2.03 years, respectively. Furthermore, there were more patients with no-progressive pathology in the group in whom pCPAR was more than 1.5. CONCLUSIONS pCPAR is a useful and objective indicator for predicting the restoration of motor function in pediatric patients with medically intractable epilepsy before hemispherectomy. Most patients with nonprogressive pathology and a duration of more than 5 years presented with greater pCPARs, exhibited better restoration of motor function, and had less risk of worsening hemiparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yu Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Chang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Guang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Hong Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Ming Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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Li L, Liu CQ, Li TF, Guan YG, Zhou J, Qi XL, Yang YT, Deng JH, Xu ZQD, Luan GM. Analysis of Altered Micro RNA Expression Profiles in Focal Cortical Dysplasia IIB. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:613-20. [PMID: 26442942 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815609148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia type IIB is a commonly encountered subtype of developmental malformation of the cerebral cortex and is often associated with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. In this study, to investigate the molecular etiology of focal cortical dysplasia type IIB, the authors performed micro ribonucleic acid (RNA) microarray on surgical specimens from 5 children (2 female and 3 male, mean age was 73.4 months, range 50-112 months) diagnosed of focal cortical dysplasia type IIB and matched normal tissue adjacent to the lesion. In all, 24 micro RNAs were differentially expressed in focal cortical dysplasia type IIB, and the microarray results were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then the putative target genes of the differentially expressed micro RNAs were identified by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, biological significance of the target genes was evaluated by investigating the pathways in which the genes were enriched, and the Hippo signaling pathway was proposed to be highly related with the pathogenesis of focal cortical dysplasia type IIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Qing Liu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory in Epilepsy, Beijing, China Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Guang Guan
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ling Qi
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Department of Neurobiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hui Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Epilepsy, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Department of Neurobiology, Beijing, China Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guo-Ming Luan
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory in Epilepsy, Beijing, China Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Xia XY, Zhang C, Li TF, Wu QY, Li N, Li WW, Cui YX, Li XJ, Shi YC. A duplication upstream of SOX9 was not positively correlated with the SRY‑negative 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development: A case report and literature review. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5659-64. [PMID: 26260363 PMCID: PMC4581739 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 46,XX male disorder of sex development (DSD) is rarely observed in humans. Patients with DSD are all male with testicular tissue differentiation. The mechanism of sex determination and differentiation remains to be elucidated. In the present case report, an 46,XX inv (9) infertile male negative for the sex‑determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) gene was examined. This infertile male was systemically assessed by semen analysis, serum hormone testing and gonadal biopsy. Formalin‑fixed and paraffin‑embedded gonad tissues were assessed histochemically. The SRY gene was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The other 23 specific loci, including the azoospermia factor region on the Y chromosome and the sequence-targeted sites of the SRY‑box 9 (SOX9) gene were analyzed by PCR. The genes RSPO1, DAX1, SOX3, ROCK, DMRT1, SPRY2 and FGF9 were also assessed using sequencing analysis. Affymetrix Cytogenetics Whole Genome 2.7 M Arrays were used for detecting the genomic DNA from the patient and the parents. The patient with the 46,XX inv (9) (p11q13) karyotype exhibited male primary, however, not secondary sexual characteristics. However, the patient's mother with the 46, XX inv (9) karyotype was unaffected. The testicular tissue dysplasia of the patient was confirmed by tissue biopsy and absence of the SRY gene, and the other 23 loci on the Y chromosome were confirmed by FISH and/or PCR. The RSPO1, DAX1, SOX3, ROCK, DMRT1, SPRY2 and FGF9 genes were sequenced and no mutations were detected. A duplication on the 3 M site in the upstream region of SOX9 was identified in the patient as well as in the mother. The patient with the 46,XX testicular DSD and SRY‑negative status was found to be infertile. The duplication on the 3 M site in the upstream region of SOX9 was a polymorphism, which indicated that the change was not a cause of 46,XX male SDS. These clinical, molecular and cytogenetic findings suggested that other unidentified genetic or environmental factors are significant in the regulation of SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Xia
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Yue Wu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Xia Cui
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Chao Shi
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China
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Zhou YC, Zhang C, Zhai JS, Li TF, Wu QY, Li WW, Li N, Li XJ, Huang YF, Cui YX, Xia XY. A patient with unusual features and a 69.5 Mb duplication from a de novo extra der (9): a case report. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:155-8. [PMID: 25760145 PMCID: PMC4438924 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial trisomy 9 is a common autosomal trisomy, which is characterized by non-specific psychomotor delay, mental retardation and moderately abnormal characteristic facial features. Generally, partial trisomy 9 leads to variable phenotypes depending on the size and position of the duplicated region. However, a precise genotype/phenotype map has not been determined. The present study reports the case of a 3-year-old female with certain typical features of trisomy 9p syndrome, who presented with a number of the distinctive symptoms, as well as sensorineural hearing loss, which has not previously been associated with this trisomy. Karyotype, M-FISH and OaCGH analysis were performed on the patient and her parents. The final karyotype was determined to be 47, XX, +mar.ish der (9) (wcp9+). arr cgh 9pterq21.12 (DOCK8→LOC138225)×3. Cytogenetic results showed a de novo extra der (9) with 69.5 Mb duplication. Although the molecular mechanism underlying the hearing loss is unclear, it was proposed that the 9q13→9q21 region may be critical for hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Zhou
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Sheng Zhai
- Department of Healthcare, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Yue Wu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Xia Cui
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Xia
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
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Li TF, Wu QY, Zhang C, Li WW, Zhou Q, Jiang WJ, Cui YX, Xia XY, Shi YC. 46,XX testicular disorder of sexual development with SRY-negative caused by some unidentified mechanisms: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Urol 2014; 14:104. [PMID: 25529318 PMCID: PMC4289540 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-14-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development is a rare genetic syndrome, characterized by a complete or partial mismatch between genetic sex and phenotypic sex, which results in infertility because of the absence of the azoospermia factor region in the long arm of Y chromosome. Case presentation We report a case of a 14-year-old male with microorchidism and mild bilateral gynecomastia who referred to our hospital because of abnormal gender characteristics. The patient was treated for congenital scrotal type hypospadias at the age of 4 years. Semen analysis indicated azoospermia by centrifugation of ejaculate. Levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were elevated, while that of testosterone was low and those of estradiol and prolactin were normal. The results of gonadal biopsy showed hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules, but there was no evidence of spermatogenic cells. Karyotype analysis of the patient confirmed 46,XX karyotype and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis of the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene was negative. Molecular analysis revealed that the SRY gene and the AZFa, AZFb and AZFc regions were absent. No mutation was detected in the coding region and exon/intron boundaries of the RSPO1, DAX1, SOX9, SOX3, SOX10, ROCK1, and DMRT genes, and no copy number variation in the whole genome sequence was found. Conclusion This study adds a new case of SRY-negative 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development and further verifies the view that the absence of major regions from the Y chromosome leads to an incomplete masculine phenotype, abnormal hormone levels and infertility. To date, the mechanisms for induction of testicular tissue in 46,XX SRY-negative patients remain unknown, although other genetic or environmental factors play a significant role in the regulation of sex determination and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin-Yi Xia
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China.
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Zhou YC, Li TF, Sun ZX, Fan Q, Liu T, Jin BF. [Therapeutic efficacy of Bushengzhuyang Fang (Yangjing Capsule) on phytoestrogen-induced erectile dysfunction: an experimental study]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2014; 20:1103-1108. [PMID: 25597178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Bushengzhuyang Fang (Yangjing Capsule, YJC) on penile erectile function and its action mechanisms in rats. METHODS Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups of equal number: blank control, daidzein, daidzein + testosterone, daidzein + sildenafil, daidzein + low-dose YJC, daidzein + medium-dose YJC, and daidzein + high-dose YJC. The rats in the blank control group were treated intragastrically with normal saline and those in the other groups with daidzein at the dose of 100 mg per kg per day for 30 days. Then the last five groups received additionally testosterone (4 mg per kg per day), sildenafil (2.5 mg per kg per day), low-dose YJC, (0.315 mg per kg per day), medium-dose YJC (0.63 mg per kg per day), and high-dose YJC (1. 26 mg per kg per day), respectively. At 0, 30 and 60 days of treatment, we observed the apomorphine-induced spontaneous erectile response and pathological changes in the corpus cavernosum of the rats, recorded the number of penile erection and erectile incubation period, and determined the serum levels of testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH). RESULTS At 30 days of treatment, the number of apomorphine-induced erections was decreased, the erectile incubation period prolonged, and the serum levels of T and LH reduced remarkably in all groups of rats (P < 0.05). Compared with the findings at 30 days, the number of penile erections was significantly decreased at 60 days in the daidzein group (1.39 ± 0.42 vs 2.67 ± 0.33, P < 0.05) and daidzein + low-dose YJC group (1.33 ± 0.49 vs 2.83 ± 0.61, P < 0.05); the erectile incubation period was markedly ex- tended ([16.33 ± 3.11] vs [8.50 ± 0.93] min and [15.50 ± 3.21] vs [8.63 ± 1.54] min, P < 0.05); and the serum levels of T ([5.34 ± 0.89] vs [1.24 ± 0.30] ng/ml and [5.28 ± 1.12] vs [2.07 ± 0.76] ng/ml, P < 0.05) and LH ([3.62 ± 0.37] vs [2.09 ± 0.12] ng/ml and [3.79 ± 0.28] vs [2.17 ± 0.33] ng/ml, P < 0.05) were significantly reduced in the daidzein and daidzein + low-dose YJC groups, respectively. Pathological examination revealed slightly decreased cavernous sinuses and blood vessels in the corpus cavernosum of the rats in the daidzein + testosterone, daidzein + sildenafil, daidzein + medium-dose YJC, and daidzein + high-dose YJC groups as compared with those in the blank control group. CONCLUSION High-dose Yangjing Capsule is efficacious for the recovery of erectile function in rats, especially for phytoestrogen-induced erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Zhou
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China.
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Wu QY, Li N, Li WW, Li TF, Zhang C, Cui YX, Xia XY, Zhai JS. Clinical, molecular and cytogenetic analysis of 46, XX testicular disorder of sex development with SRY-positive. BMC Urol 2014; 14:70. [PMID: 25169080 PMCID: PMC4149805 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-14-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To review the possible mechanisms proposed to explain the etiology of 46, XX sex reversal by investigating the clinical characteristics and their relationships with chromosomal karyotype and the SRY(sex-determining region Y)gene. METHODS Five untreated 46, XX patients with SRY-positive were referred for infertility. Clinical data were collected, and Karyotype analysis of G-banding in lymphocytes and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood of the patients using QIAamp DNA Blood Kits was extracted. The three discrete regions, AZFa, AZFb and AZFc, located on the long arm of the Y chromosome, were performed by multiplex PCRs(Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification. The set of PCR primers for the diagnosis of microdeletion of the AZFa, AZFb and AZFc region included: sY84, sY86, sY127, sY134, sY254, sY255, SRY and ZFX/ZFY. RESULTS Our five patients had a lower body height. Physical examination revealed that their testes were small in volume, soft in texture and normal penis. Semen analyses showed azoospermia. All patients had a higher follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), Luteinizing Hormone(LH) level, lower free testosterone, testosterone level and normal Estradiol, Prolactin level. Karyotype analysis of all patients confirmed 46, XX karyotype, and FISH analysis showed that SRY gene were positive and translocated to Xp. Molecular analysis revealed that the SRY gene were present, and the AZFa, AZFb and AZFc region were absent. CONCLUSIONS This study adds cases on the five new 46, XX male individuals with SRY-positive and further verifies the view that the presence of SRY gene and the absence of major regions in Y chromosome should lead to the expectance of a completely masculinised phenotype, abnormal hormone levels and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin-Yi Xia
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China.
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Li TF, Wu QY, Zhang C, Li WW, Li N, Cui YX, Li XJ, Xia XY. Polymorphisms in estrogen receptors predict the risk of male infertility: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:79. [PMID: 25128001 PMCID: PMC4141121 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptors play an important role in mediating estrogen action on target tissues, and the estrogen is relevant to male infertility. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in estrogen receptors may be associated with the risk of male infertility. A variety of case control studies have been published evaluating this association. However, the accumulated studies have shown inconsistent conclusions. METHODS To further determine the potential association between the four common SNPs (rs2234693, rs9340799, rs1256049 and rs4986938) in estrogen receptors gene and male infertility, this meta-analysis was performed according to the 10 published case control studies. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the strength of the associations. RESULTS It was revealed that the sub-group analysis by the ethnicity, for the rs2234693, a significant association in the comparison of CC vs. TT (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40-0.93), CT vs. TT (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49-0.93) and CC + CT vs. TT (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49-0.89) in the Asian population with male infertility. For rs9340799 polymorphism, increased risks were observed for the comparison of AA vs. GG (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.15-2.68) and AA vs. GA + GG (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.02-1.88). For rs1256049 polymorphism, the comparison of the GA vs. GG (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.00-2.31) and AA + GA vs. GG (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.03-2.94), also increased risks present in Asian and Caucasian population, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The rs2234693C allele was associated with the decreased risk for male infertility; however, the rs9340799AA genotype and the rs1256049GA genotype were associated with an increased risk for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Fu Li
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002 PR China
| | - Qiu-Yue Wu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002 PR China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002 PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002 PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002 PR China
| | - Ying-Xia Cui
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002 PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002 PR China
| | - Xin-Yi Xia
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002 PR China
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Xia XY, Li N, Cao X, Wu QY, Li TF, Zhang C, Li WW, Cui YX, Li XJ, Xue CY. A novel COL4A1 gene mutation results in autosomal dominant non-syndromic congenital cataract in a Chinese family. BMC Med Genet 2014; 15:97. [PMID: 25124159 PMCID: PMC4236509 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Almost one-third of congenital cataracts are primarily autosomal dominant disorders, which are also called autosomal dominant congenital cataract, resulting in blindness and clouding of the lens. The purpose of this study was to identify the disease-causing mutation in a Chinese family affected by bilateral, autosomal dominant congenital cataract. Methods The detection of candidate gene mutation and the linkage analysis of microsatellite markers were performed for the known candidate genes. Molecular mapping and cloning of candidate genes were used in all affected family members to screen for potential genetic mutations and the mutation was confirmed by single enzyme digestion. Results The proband was diagnosed with isolated, congenital cataract without the typical clinical manifestations of cataract, which include diabetes, porencephaly, sporadic intracerebral hemorrhage, and glomerulopathy. A novel mutation, c.2345 G > C (Gly782Ala), in exon 31 of the collagen type IV αlpha1 (COL4A1) gene, which encodes the collagen alpha-1(IV) chain, was found to be associated with autosomal dominant congenital cataract in a Chinese family. This mutation was not found in unaffected family members or in 200 unrelated controls. Sequence analysis confirmed that the Gly782 amino acid residue is highly conserved. Conclusions The novel mutation (c.2345 G > C) of the COL4A1 gene is the first report of a non-syndromic, autosomal dominant congenital cataract, thereby highlighting the important role of type IV collagen in the physiological and optical properties of the lens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, People's Republic of China.
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Li N, Yu J, Cao X, Wu QY, Li WW, Li TF, Zhang C, Cui YX, Li XJ, Yin ZM, Xia XY. A novel p. Gly630Ser mutation of COL2A1 in a Chinese family with presentations of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease or avascular necrosis of the femoral head. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100505. [PMID: 24949742 PMCID: PMC4065060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mutations in the type II collagen gene are associated with certain human disorders, collectively termed type II collagenopathies. They include Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCPD) and avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH). These two diseases are skeletal dysplasias, inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, characterized by groin pain, dislocation of the hip and diminished joint mobility. Coxa vara and elevation of the greater trochanter of the femur comprise the typical phenotype of LCPD, but do not occur in ANFH. Lack of synthesis of type II collagen and structural defects are responsible for the major clinical outcomes, because collagen is the essential matrix protein of all connective tissues. Type II collagen, encoded by the COL2A1 gene, contains N- and C- terminal regions that are cleaved after secretion into the extracellular matrix, and the core area is composed of a triple helical (Gly–X–Y) domain. If the Gly in this specific region is replaced by other amino acids, the structure of type II collagen will be destroyed. Method Forty-five members of a four-generation family were recruited and investigated. Diagnosis was made by independent orthopedic surgeons and radiologists. A mutation of the COL2A1 gene was detected. Result In our research, we identify a heterozygous mutation (c.1888 G>A, p. Gly630Ser) in exon 29 of COL2A1 in the Gly–X–Y domain, in a Chinese family affected by LCPD and ANFH. Our findings provide significant clues to the phenotype–genotype relationships in these syndromes and may be helpful in clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, these results should assist further studies of the mechanisms underlying collagen diseases. Conclusion Our data add new variants to the repertoire of COL2A1 mutation resulting in related collagenopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qiu-Yue Wu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ying-Xia Cui
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhi-Min Yin
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xin-Yi Xia
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Li TF, Li WW, Zhang C, Li N, Shang XJ, Xia XY, Xu HQ, Huang YF. [Establishment of a rat model of autoimmune prostatitis with purified prostatic proteins]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2014; 20:414-418. [PMID: 24908731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a rat model of autoimmune prostatitis using purified prostatic proteins (PPP). METHODS Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups of equal number to receive intramuscular injection of normal saline (normal control group) and PPP at 15 mg/ml (low-concentration group) and 80 mg/ml (high-concentration group). At 4 weeks after modeling, the rats were sacrificed for HE staining of the prostate tissue and examination of the inflammatory factors IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum, immunoglobulins IgA and IgM, and regulatory T cells Th1/Th2. RESULTS Three rats died in the high-concentration PPP group but none in the low-concentration PPP and normal control groups. Gross observation of the prostate showed increased volume and hard texture of the prostate in the two PPP groups, but no significant change in the normal controls. Pathological examination exhibited morphological damage to the prostatic tissue and inflammatory cellular infiltration in the experimental rats. The serum level of IL-8 was significantly higher in the low- and high-concentration PPP groups ([129.07 +/- 11.48] and [147.58 +/- 17.70] pg/ml) than in the control ([94.12 +/- 7.04] pg/ml) (P < 0.05), while that of IL-10 was remarkably lower in the former two groups ([227.14 +/- 18.19] and [187.14 +/- 16.32] pg/ml) than in the latter ([252.48 +/- 21.72] pg/ml, P < 0.05). The serum level of IgA was markedly elevated in the low- and high-concentration PPP groups as compared with that in the control ([0.25 +/- 0.37] and [0.31 +/- 0.42] vs [0.19 +/- 0.14] mg/ml, P < 0.05), and so was that of IgM ([0.23 +/- 0.41] and [0.34 +/- 0.58 ] vs [0.17 +/- 0.33] mg/ml, P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the levels of regulatory T cells Th1/Th2. CONCLUSION Both low and high concentrations of purified prostatic proteins can be used for the construction of autoimmune prostatitis models in rats, while low concentration is preferable for its advantages of lower mortality of the rats and inducement of more consistent manifestations of autoimmune prostatitis.
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Li TF, Wu QY, Li WW, Zhang C, Li N, Shang XJ, Xia XY, Xu HQ, Huang YF. [Therapeutic efficacy of compound Xuanju capsule on autoimmune prostatitis in rats: an experimental study]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2014; 20:442-447. [PMID: 24908737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Compound Xuanju Capsule (CXC) on autoimmune prostatitis in rat models. METHODS Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number: blank control, low-concentration purified prostate protein (low-conc PPP), low-conc PPP + CXC treatment, high-concentration PPP (hi-con PPP), and hi-conc PPP + CXC treatment. Autoimmune prostatitis models were established by intragastric administration of PPP solution at 15 mg/ml (low concentration) and 80 mg/ml, respectively. At 30 days after modeling, the rats in the blank control and low-conc and hi-conc PPP model groups were treated with normal saline, and those in the other two groups with CXC at a daily dose of 0.068 g/ml. At 30, 45, and 60 days, all the animals were sacrificed for observation of pathological changes in the prostate tissue and determination of the levels of IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in the serum. RESULTS Compared with the PPP models, the hi-conc PPP + CXC group showed significantly reduced levels of IL-8 and TNF-alpha in the serum at 45 days ([148.54 +/- 17.23] and [62.14 +/- 5.59] pg/ml vs [100.77 +/- 11.08] and [32.63 +/- 2.91] pg/ml, P < 0.05) and at 60 days ([143.69 +/- 17.28] and [59.38 +/- 5.50] pg/mlvs [95.77 +/-10.53] and [29.63 +/- 2.66] pg/ml, P < 0.05), and so did the low-cone PPP + CXC group at 45 days ([128.47 +/- 12.21] and [40.43 +/- 3.64] pg/ml vs [111.76 +/- 10.07] and [35.44 +/- 3.17] pg/ml, P < 0.05) and at 60 days ([131.07 +/- 10.93] and [43.34 +/- 3.91] pg/ml vs [97.46 +/- 8.75] and [30.44 +/- 2.75] pg/ml, P < 0.05). The serum level of IL-10 was remarkably elevated in the hi-cone PPP + CXC group as compared with that of the PPP models at 45 and 60 days ([189.14 +/- 16.78] and [184.14 +/- 15.89] pg/ml vs [230.48 +/- 29.96] and [248.48 +/- 31.03] pg/ml, P < 0.05), and so was it in low-cone PPP + CXC group ([223.14 +/- 17.87] and [224.14 +/- 17.93] pg/ml vs [231.42 +/- 23.18] and [249.42 +/- 24.97] pg/ml, P < 0.05). Pathological examination revealed morphological damages to the prostate tissue and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the model rats, but no obvious changes in the normal controls. At 15 days of treatment, the rats in the PPP + CXC group showed enlarged prostate glandular cavity, mild proliferation of epithelial cells, no obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells in the interstitial tissue, and a few visible fibrous tissues under the light microscope. CONCLUSION Compound Xuanju Capsule is efficacious on autoimmune prostatis in rats by reducing inflammatory changes in the prostate tissue and improving the expression of inflammatory factors.
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Xia XY, Wang WP, Li TF, Li WW, Wu QY, Li N, Zhang C, Gao HL, Li XJ, Cui YX. A parthenogenetic maternal and double paternal contribution to an ovotesticular disorder of sex development. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:16. [PMID: 24581244 PMCID: PMC3974030 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An ovotesticular disorder of sex development (OT-DSD) was rarely found in human. The mechanism causing such condition is poorly understood. We hereby reported a 11-year-old child with OT-DSD and a karyotype 46,XX/46,XY, a single maternal and double paternal genetic contribution to the patient. RESULTS Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), blood grouping, HLA (human leukocyte antigen) haplotyping and a genome-wide scanning of lymphocytes with 398 short tandem repeat microsatellite markers were performed to investigate the origin of the cell lines concerned. ABO typing revealed that two populations of red cells were in the patient, which were group A and group B, both from paternal alleles. HLA haplotyping showed the patient had three haplotypes. Haplotype 1 was inherited from maternity, haplotype 2 and 3 were from paternity. The STR microsatellite analysis showed 25 of the 74 fully informative markers in both parents, three alleles were inherited: one of them was from mother, another two were from father. Seventeen of the thirty-eight paternal markers, the patient inherited two paternal alleles. For 121 informative maternal markers, the patient had a single maternal allele. There were two distinct alleles in locus DXS6810 and DXS1073 on X-chromosome, in which one was from the mother and the other from the father. CONCLUSIONS The patient was a single maternal and double paternal genetic, which was a type of a parthenogenetic division of a maternal haploid nucleus into two identical nuclei, followed by fertilization by two spermatozoa and fusion of the two zygotes into a single individual at the early embryonic stage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the oldest OT-DSD case of parthenogenetic chimerism. These data provide additional evidence that a parthenogenetic maternal and double paternal contribution causes 46,XX/46,XY OT-DSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Xia
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Qiu-Yue Wu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Hong-Liu Gao
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Ying-Xia Cui
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
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Li TF, Li WW, Xia XY, Huang YF. [Animal models of chronic prostatitis: an update]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2013; 19:1124-1128. [PMID: 24432628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis is a disease caused by a number of factors characterized by perineal discomfort, pelvic pain, irritative urination symptoms and even sexual dysfunction, and histologically with infiltration of poly-and mononuclear cells in the interstitial connective tissue. Research on this disease has somewhat been hindered, for its pathogenesis and diagnostic criteria are not yet clear. Animal models can help to explain the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. This article presents an overview on the advantages and limitations of rodent models in the studies of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Fu Li
- PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Xin-Yi Xia
- PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
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Wu QY, Li N, Li TF, Li WW, Zhang C, Shao Y, Cui YX, Yin ZM, Xia XY, Li ZR. [Detection of DPY19L2 gene mutation in a globozoospermia patient]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2013; 19:1011-1015. [PMID: 24341097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Globozoospermia is mostly associated with homozygous deletion of the DPY19L2 gene. This study aimed to investigate the DPY19L2 gene mutation in a globozoospermia patient. METHODS We observed the sperm histomorphology of a patient with globozoospermia using Wright-Giemsa's staining and transmission electron microscopy, detected the mutation of the DPY19L2 gene by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing, and compared the findings with the sequences issued in the Genbank. RESULTS Wright-Giemsa's staining showed that all the spermatozoa were round-headed and lacked the acrosome, with the head nucleus darkly, fully and densely stained. Transmission electron microscopy revealed larger round sperm heads, with an even layer of unit membrane surrounding the nuclei and dispersed cytoplasmic vacuoles but no acrosomal structure. No DPY19L2 gene mutation was found by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. CONCLUSION No homozygous mutation of the DPY19L2 gene was found in the globozoospermia patient, and therefore some other disease-causing genes might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Wu
- PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.
| | - Na Li
- PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Tian-Fu Li
- PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yong Shao
- PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Ying-Xia Cui
- PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Zhi-Min Yin
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Xin-Yi Xia
- PLA Research Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Yao K, Li TF, Zhu MW, Duan ZJ, Liu CQ, Wang JQ, Hu ZL, Bian Y, Qi XL. Mixed astroblastoma-arteriovenous malformation complex: a case report. Neurol India 2013; 61:439-42. [PMID: 24005749 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.117602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian District, Beijing, P. R. China
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Yao K, Li TF, Zhu MW, Duan ZJ, Hu ZL, Bian Y, Qi XL. An intramedullary cervical cord lesion in a 12-year-old girl. Neuropathology 2012; 33:582-5. [PMID: 23130973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2012.01363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yao
- Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijng, China
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Hao AJ, Deng YJ, Li TF, Suo XB, Cao YH, Hao YL, Zhang Y. Degradation Kinetics of Fluorouracil-Acetic-Acid-Dextran Conjugate in Aqueous Solution. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 32:757-63. [PMID: 16885130 DOI: 10.1080/03639040600683436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The degradation kinetics of fluorouracil-acetic-acid-dextran conjugate (FUAC-dextran) was investigated in various buffer solutions with different pH value and physiological saline solution at 60 degrees C and 37 degrees C, respectively. The hydrolytic reaction displayed pseudo-first-order degradation kinetics. Hydrolytic rate constant obtained was the function of pH value and independent of species of buffering agents. The smallest rate constant was observed at pH round 3.00. The activation energy of the hydrolytic reaction was estimated from Arrhenius equation as 88.73 +/- 6.00 kJ.mol-1. The special base catalytic degradation of the conjugate was observed from acidic to slight alkaline condition and the special base catalytic rate constants were calculated. The conjugate was more stable in physiological saline than that in buffer solution at pH 7.00 or 9.00 at 37 degrees C. The results revealed that the conjugate was stable in acidic condition and will degrade in alkaline condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Hao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
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25
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Ainola MM, Mandelin JA, Liljeström MP, Li TF, Hukkanen MVJ, Konttinen YT. Pannus invasion and cartilage degradation in rheumatoid arthritis: involvement of MMP-3 and interleukin-1beta. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2005; 23:644-50. [PMID: 16173240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leads to pannus tissue invasion and destruction of cartilage/bone matrix by proteinases. Our intention was to analyze some of the key matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in pannus tissue overlying evolving cartilage erosions in RA. METHODS Frozen tissue samples of pannus and synovium from advanced RA and synovium from osteoarthritic patients were used for immunohistochemical, western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of MMP-1, -3, -13 and -14. Synovial fibroblast cultures, stimulated with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS MMP-3 was highly expressed in pannus tissue compared with significantly lower expression levels of MMP-1, -13 and -14. In fibroblast cultures IL-1beta was a potent stimulus for MMP-3, whereas TNF-alpha was more potent for MMP-1. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate quantitatively in real time that MMP-3 mRNA expression is clearly higher in advanced RA pannus tissue compared to parallel RA or osteoarthritic synovium. MMP-3 mRNA levels were also clearly overexpressed in RA pannus compared to MMP-1, -13 and -14. Advanced RA has previously been found to overexpress IL-1beta. The high expression of MMP-3 in pannus and IL-1beta, mediated stimulation of MMP-3 suggest that MMP-3 plays a significant role in the progression of erosions through the proteoglycan-rich cartilage matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ainola
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Li TF, Lu CZ, Xia ZL, Niu JZ, Yang MF, Luo YM, Hong Z. [Dephosphorelation of Bad and upregulation of Bcl-2 in hippocampus of rats following limbic seizure induced by kainic acid injection into amygdaloid nucleus]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2005; 57:310-8. [PMID: 15968425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to explore the seizure-induced changes in Bad (Bcl-2-associated death protein), 14-3-3, phosphoBad, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression in the rat model of focal limbic seizure. Unilateral intra-amygdaloid injection of kainic acid (KA) was made to induce seizure. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and regional cerebral flow (r-CBF) were monitored continuously. Diazepam (30 mg/kg) was administered to terminate the seizure. The apoptotic and surviving neurons in the hippocampus were observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferrase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and cresyl violet staining, the expression of Bad, 14-3-3, phosphoBad, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were detected with immunofluorescence, Western blot and immunoprecipitation. The results showed that TUNEL-positive neurons appeared at 8 h and reached maximum at 24 h following seizure cessation within the ipsilateral CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. Seizure induced the dephosphorylation of Bad and the dissociation of Bad from its chaperone protein 14-3-3 and subsequent dimerization of Bad with Bcl-XL. The expression of phosphoBad decreased and Bcl-2 increased. There was little change in r-CBF after the seizure. These results suggest that seizure leads to a dephosphorylation of Bad and an upregulation of Bcl-2. Dephosphorylation of Bad may be injurious while the upregulation of Bcl-2 may be protective to the brain damage induced by seizures, but not related with r-CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Taian 271000, China.
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Li TF, Luo YM, Lu CZ. [The expression of Smac and XIAP in rat hippocampus following limbic seizure induced by kainic acid injection into amygdaloid nucleus]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2004; 56:172-7. [PMID: 15127126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether Smac/DIABLO (second mitochondrial activator of caspases/direct inhibitor of apoptosis protein-binding protein of low isoelectric point [PI]) and XIAP (X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) serve to regulate neuronal apoptosis following seizures, we investigated seizure-induced changes in caspase-9, Smac/DIABLO and XIAP protein expression and the in vivo effect of caspase-9 inhibition. Animals received unilateral intra-amygdaloid injection of kainic acid (0.5 microg) to induce seizures for 1 h. The seizures were then terminated by diazepam (30 mg/kg). Animals were killed 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 or 72 h following diazepam administration. The apoptotic and surviving neurons in hippocampus were observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and cresyl violet staining, the expression of Smac/DIABLO, XIAP and caspase-9 was detected with immunofluorescence and western blot. The results showed that the levels of XIAP and the 46-kDa proenzyme form of caspase-9 were unaffected by the seizures. The expression of Smac increased at 2 h and the 37-kD cleaved fragment of caspase-9 was detected at 4 h, TUNEL-positive neurons appeared at 8 h and reached maximal at 24 h following seizure cessation within the ipsilateral (the same side as the intra-amygdaloid injection of kainic acid) CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. Intracerebroventricular infusion of caspase-9 inhibitor z-LEHD-fluoromethyl ketone (z-LEHD-fmk) significantly decreased TUNEL-positive neurons and increased the number of surviving cells. Caspase-9 immunoreactivity increased and Smac/DIABLO, XIAP immunoreactivity became extensive within the ipsilateral CA3 neurons. TUNEL-positive neurons and the alterations of the expression of Smac/DIABLO and XIAP within the ipsilateral CA3 were not detected within the contralateral hippocampus. These results suggest that seizures lead the translocation of Smac/DIABLO into the cytosol, the activation of caspase-9 and the change of subcellular locoalization of XIAP. These changes may play a role in the brain damage induced by seizures. Caspase-9 is possibly a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of brain injury associated with seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Mandelin J, Li TF, Liljeström M, Kroon ME, Hanemaaijer R, Santavirta S, Konttinen YT. Imbalance of RANKL/RANK/OPG system in interface tissue in loosening of total hip replacement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 85:1196-201. [PMID: 14653607 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.85b8.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the differentiation of osteoclasts the differentiation factor (RANKL) interacts with the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) in a direct cell-to-cell contact between osteoblast and (pre)osteoclast. This is inhibited by soluble osteoprotegerin (OPG). The mRNA levels of both RANKL (p < 0.01) and RANK (p < 0.05) were high in peri-implant tissue and RANKL+ and RANK+ cells were found in such tissue. Double labelling also disclosed soluble RANKL bound to RANK+ cells. We were unable to stimulate fibroblasts to express RANKL in vitro, but monocyte activation with LPS gave a fivefold increase in RANK mRNA levels. In contrast to RANKL and RANK expression in peri-implant tissue, expression of OPG was restricted to vascular endothelium. Endothelial cell OPG mRNA levels were regulated by TNF-α and VEGF, but not by hypoxia. It is concluded that activated cells in the interface tissue overproduce both RANKL and RANK and they can interact without interference by OPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mandelin
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Tensing EK, Nordström DC, Solovieva S, Schauman KO, Sippo-Tujunen I, Helve T, Natah S, Ma J, Li TF, Konttinen YT. Salivary gland scintigraphy in Sjögren's syndrome and patients with sicca symptoms but without Sjögren's syndrome: the psychological profiles and predictors for salivary gland dysfunction. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62:964-8. [PMID: 12972475 PMCID: PMC1754342 DOI: 10.1136/ard.62.10.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise the psychological profiles of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and patients with sicca symptoms but without SS; to find predictors for salivary gland function; to evaluate salivary scintigraphy as a method to differentiate between SS and patients with sicca symptoms but without SS. PATIENTS AND METHODS Psychological tests (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form General Health Survey (SF-36), Jenkins Activity Survey, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and Maastricht Questionnaire for vital exhaustion) were performed and assessment of the function of the salivary glands made in 26 patients with primary SS, 8 with secondary SS, and 9 with sicca symptoms but without SS. Data were analysed with BMDP new system version 1.0 statistical program. RESULTS Psychological profiles were similar in all groups. Hb, RF, ANA, and SSA differentiated between the groups. Results of salivary scintigraphy were predicted to 51% by ANA, SSA, SSB, IgG, IgA, diagnosis, vitality, and role limitations due to emotional problems. No predictors were found for the resting salivary flow. Salivary scintigraphy was pathological in 21/26 (81%) and in 8/8 (100%) patients with secondary SS, but only in 2/9 (22%) patients with sicca symptoms without SS (p=0.002) (sensitivity 85.3%, specificity 77.8%). CONCLUSIONS Patients with sicca symptoms but without SS have sickness behaviour similar to that of patients with SS. The results of salivary scintigraphy can be predicted by diagnosis and autoimmune findings; psychological characteristics added 20% to this predictive value. Distinction between SS and patients with sicca symptoms but without SS is difficult, but in addition to autoantibodies, salivary scintigraphy can be used for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-K Tensing
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Mo XH, Qin XY, Wu J, Yang C, Wu JY, Duan YQ, Li TF, Chen HR. Complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of a Chinese isolate of tobacco bushy top virus. Arch Virol 2003; 148:389-97. [PMID: 12557001 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-002-0919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of a Chinese isolate of tobacco bushy top virus (TBTV), designated TBTV-Ch, was determined from cDNA generated from double-stranded RNA extracted from diseased tobacco. The genome is 4152 nucleotides (nt) in size, contains four putative open reading frames (ORFs) and untranslated regions of 10 nt and 645 nt at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. In genome organization and in the amino acid sequence of its potential products, the RNA of TBTV-Ch is similar to other umbraviruses sequenced to date. The results suggested that TBTV should be regarded as a definitive species of the genus Umbravirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Mo
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming, P. R. China.
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Li TF, Mandelin J, Hukkanen MVJ, Liljeström M, Santavirta S, Westerlund J, Paavilainen T, Konttinen YT. Expression of caspase-1 in synovial membrane-like interface tissue around loosened hip prostheses. Rheumatol Int 2002; 22:97-102. [PMID: 12111083 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-002-0197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2001] [Accepted: 02/25/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-1 expression in synovial membrane-like interface tissue (SMLIT) around loosened hip prostheses and osteoarthritic synovial samples was studied. Caspase-1 mRNA was found in SMLIT and synovial tissue. There is no difference in the copy numbers of caspase-1 mRNA between these samples. Both precursor and active forms of caspase-1 proteins appeared in these samples, but the number of positive cells was higher in SMLIT than in synovial tissue. Double labeling revealed that most caspase-1-positive cells were macrophages and fibroblasts. In the lining-like layers and deep stroma of SMLIT, many cells were double positive for active caspase-1 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta). In contrast, the number of active caspase-1/IL-18 double-positive cells was very low. We conclude that caspase-1 synthesis is increased in SMLIT. Caspase-1 can be involved in implant loosening by processing IL-1beta precursor into its mature form, which is a potent osteoclast-activating factor and a major proinflammatory mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Li
- ORTON Research Institute, the Orthopaedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
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Konttinen YT, Xu JW, Waris E, Li TF, Gómez-Barrena E, Nordsletten L, Santavirta S. Interleukin-6 in aseptic loosening of total hip replacement prostheses. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002; 20:485-90. [PMID: 12175103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in the synovial-like interface membrane (SLIM) and in the pseudosynovial tissue surrounding the artificial hip joints, as well as in the pseudosynovial fluid from aseptically loosened total hip replacement (THR) prostheses. METHODS A series of methods were used in this study including immunohistochemical staining, double immunofluorescence labeling, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS IL-6 was found in all SLIM and the pseudosynovial tissue samples from aseptic loosening of THR. Semi-quantitative morphometry showed that IL-6 containing cells were more numerous in the SLIM (911 +/- 197; p < 0.01) and the pseudosynovial tissue samples (883 +/- 310; p < 0.01) than in the control synovial tissue (291 +/- 184). Double labeling confirmed that macrophages and fibroblasts were the predominant cell types expressing IL-6. These findings were confirmed by RT-PCR. ELISA revealed no difference in the IL-6 concentration between the pseudosynovial fluid and the control synovial fluid obtained from the patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 locally produced in SLIM may in a paracrine manner contribute to periprosthetic osteolysis of the nearby bone. In contrast, fluid phase IL-6 does not seem to contribute to this end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Konttinen
- Department of Medicine/Invärtes Medicin, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
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Li TF, Mandelin J, Hukkanen M, Lassus J, Sandelin J, Santavirta S, Virtanen I, Konttinen YT. Dendritic cells in rheumatoid synovial membrane after total removal of the hyaline articular cartilage. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002; 41:319-23. [PMID: 11934970 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/41.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of total removal of the hyaline articular cartilage on dendritic cells in synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for two dendritic cell markers, CD35 and RFD1, was carried out on synovial membrane specimens from arthritis patients undergoing primary (n=10) or revision (n=8) total hip replacement (THR). The results are expressed as the number (mean+/-standard deviation) of positive cells per 1000 total cells. RESULTS CD35-(112+/-9) and RFD1-(27+/-5) positive cells were found in all primary RA synovial membrane, while only two out of eight synovial membrane samples from revision THR contained CD35-positive follicular dendritic cells (nine and 12 cells), and no revision samples contained any RFD1-positive interdigitating dendritic cells. CONCLUSION Removal of the hyaline articular cartilage reduces the infiltration and functional differentiation of dendritic cells in synovial membrane. Our findings suggest that the antigen driving chronic arthritis/synovitis is contained in the hyaline articular cartilage.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/surgery
- Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip
- Cartilage, Articular/surgery
- Cell Count
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Complement 3b/metabolism
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/metabolism
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/pathology
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/surgery
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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Li TF, Santavirta S, Mandelin J, Lindroos L, Virtanen I, Konttinen YT. Expression of parathyroid hormone related protein in the tissue around loosened hip prostheses. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2001; 19:689-95. [PMID: 11791641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the eventual presence and cellular source ofparathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) in the synovial-like interface membrane from aseptic loosening of total hip replacement (THR). METHODS A polyclonal rabbit antiserum to the amino-terminal peptide of human PTHrP was used to stain 10 interface membrane samples from loose THR and 10 synovial tissue samples from hip osteoarthritis (OA). Quantitative microscopic assessment was done with a computer-assisted image analysis system. Western blotting was applied to verify the presence of PTHrP in both tissue samples. Double immunofluorescence labelling aimed to reveal the cellular sources of PTHrP. RESULTS Immunoreactive PTHrP was found in all interface membrane and OA synovial tissue samples. The number of PTHrP positive cells in interface membrane was much higher than in OA synovial tissue. Positive cells were most commonly seen in the lining-like layers and sublining area of interface membrane. Double immunofluorescence labelling showed that most macrophages and fibroblasts in interface membrane were PTHrP positive. Western blotting revealed the 24-25 KD bands in both tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS PTHrP expression is upregulated in interface membrane around loosened hip prostheses. Locally accumulated PTHrP may contribute to periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening of THR through its direct effects on bone, or indirectly via the induction of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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Konttinen YT, Takagi M, Mandelin J, Lassus J, Salo J, Ainola M, Li TF, Virtanen I, Liljestrom M, Sakai H, Kobayashi Y, Sorsa T, Lappalainen R, Demulder A, Santavirta S. Acid attack and cathepsin K in bone resorption around total hip replacement prosthesis. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16:1780-6. [PMID: 11585341 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.10.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Normal bone remodeling and pathological bone destruction have been considered to be osteoclast-driven. Osteoclasts are able to attach to bare bone surface and produce an acidic subcellular space. This leads to acid dissolution of hydroxyapatite, allowing cathepsin K to degrade the organic type I collagen-rich osteoid matrix under the acidic condition prevailing in Howship lacunae. Using a sting pH electrode, the interface membrane around a loosened total hip replacement prosthesis was found to be acidic. Confocal laser scanning disclosed irregular demineralization of the bone surface in contact with the acidic interface. Cathepsin K, an acidic collagenolytic enzyme, was found in interface tissue macrophages/giant cells and pseudosynovial fluid. Tissue extracts contained high levels of cathepsin K messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. These observations suggest the presence of an acid- and cathepsin K-driven pathological mechanism of bone resorption, mediated not by osteoclasts in subosteoclastic space, but rather by the uncontrolled activity of macrophages in extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Konttinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Konttinen YT, Li TF, Lassus J, Waris V, Santavirta S, Virtanen I. Removal of hyaline articular cartilage reduces lymphocyte infiltration and activation in rheumatoid synovial membrane. J Rheumatol 2001; 28:2184-9. [PMID: 11669153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of removal of hyaline articular cartilage on synovial membrane pathology in chronic arthritis. METHODS Synovial membrane samples were obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis in association with total hip arthroplasty, either primary or revision surgery. Synovial membrane histopathology was assessed by immunochemical staining and morphometry. RESULTS CD68 positive macrophages were common in revision synovial membranes. In contrast, T lymphocytes were much more common in primary rheumatoid synovial membranes (p < 0.001). Many T lymphocytes in primary synovial membrane were HLA-D/DR positive (p < 0.001) and interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) positive (p < 0.001) and contained interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma; p < 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta; p < 0.001). In contrast, revision synovial membranes from patients with chronic arthritis contained only a few HLA-D/DR positive T cells and practically no IL-2R, IFN-gamma, or TNF-beta positive activated T lymphocytes. CONCLUSION The components of hyaline articular cartilage may be the source of autoantigen responsible for perpetuation of chronic arthritides.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/surgery
- Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip
- Cartilage, Articular/immunology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/surgery
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- HLA-D Antigens/analysis
- Humans
- Hyalin/immunology
- Macrophages/chemistry
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Synovial Membrane/immunology
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Konttinen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki , Finland.
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Konttinen YT, Li TF, Mandelin J, Ainola M, Lassus J, Virtanen I, Santavirta S, Tammi M, Tammi R. Hyaluronan synthases, hyaluronan, and its CD44 receptor in tissue around loosened total hip prostheses. J Pathol 2001; 194:384-90. [PMID: 11439372 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9896(200107)194:3<384::aid-path896>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aseptic loosening of prosthetic components, the most common long-term complication after total hip replacement (THR), is characterized by the formation of a synovial membrane-like interface tissue (SMLIT). It was hypothesized that the hyaluronan synthase (HAS)/hyaluronan (HA)/HA receptor CD44 signalling system is responsible for the synovial-like differentiation of the interface membrane. SMLIT was therefore compared with osteoarthritis (OA) synovial membrane by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of HAS 1, 2 and 3, histochemical HA assay, and immunohistochemistry of CD44 and its non-HA ligands. All three isoforms of HAS were found in these samples. HA and CD44 were most abundant in the lining, but the signal was actually stronger in aseptic loosening than in OA (p<0.01). The non-HA CD44 ligands, collagen type VI, fibronectin, osteopontin, and MCP-1, had a similar distribution pattern in both tissues. These results confirm the synovial-like structure of the interface tissue lining. The pressure waves and movement of the HA-rich pseudosynovial fluid seem to drive HA into the implant-to-host interface, which itself also produces HA. HA may be responsible for the induction of a synovial-like lining at the interface through HA-CD44 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Konttinen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Li TF, Santavirta S, Waris V, Lassus J, Lindroos L, Xu JW, Virtanen I, Konttinen YT. No lymphokines in T-cells around loosened hip prostheses. Acta Orthop Scand 2001; 72:241-7. [PMID: 11480598 DOI: 10.1080/00016470152846556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Research results have been contradictory about the role of lymphocytes and immune response in aseptic loosening of total hip replacement (THR). Conclusive evidence is still lacking in spite of extensive in vivo and in vitro studies. Our study was designed to check whether T-cells were activated and if they produced lymphokines in synovial membrane-like interface tissue around loosened THRs. Tissue sections were stabilized and permeabilized to allow the cytokine-specific antibodies to penetrate through the cell membrane and the membranes of intracellular organelles. This technique, combined with computer-assisted image analysis, permits the detection and quantitation of lymphokine-producing cells. We found that the number of T-cells was low, and none of the T-cells was activated, as shown by the absence of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) immunoreactivity. There was no cell producing lymphokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta). Our results suggest that T-cell-mediated immune response is not actively involved in aseptic loosening of THR.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Helsinki University Hospital, ORTON Research Institute, Invalid Foundation, Finland
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Li TF, Warris V, Ma J, Lassus J, Yoshida T, Santavirta S, Virtanen I, Konttinen YT. Distribution of tenascin-X in different synovial samples and synovial membrane-like interface tissue from aseptic loosening of total hip replacement. Rheumatol Int 2001; 19:177-83. [PMID: 10984135 DOI: 10.1007/s002960000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of tenascin-X (Tn-X) was investigated in synovial samples from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and knee injuries, and in synovial membrane-like interface tissue (SMLIT) from aseptic loosening of total hip replacement (THR). An affinity purified rabbit antiserum against Tn-X was applied in avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Double immunofluorescence labeling was used to assess the spatial relationship of Tn-X and Tn-C. All samples showed Tn-X immunoreactivity. Strong staining appeared in the lining and lining-like layers of RA and SMLIT samples, respectively. An intensive immunoreactivity was also found in pannus tissue in RA, and around multinucleate giant cells and polyethylene wear debris in SMLIT. Staining intensity/extent varied significantly in different samples in the following rank order: SMLIT, RA, OA, knee synovium membrane. Double labeling revealed two patterns of Tn-X/Tn-C distribution, reciprocal and co-localization. Our results suggest that Tn-X is an essential component of normal synovial membrane, and that inflammatory mediators may increase local Tn-X production. Tn-X distribution is not always reciprocal to that of Tn-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
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Lassus J, Waris V, Xu JW, Li TF, Hao J, Nietosvaara Y, Santavirta S, Konttinen YT. Increased interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression is related to aseptic loosening of total hip replacement. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2000; 120:328-32. [PMID: 10853906 DOI: 10.1007/s004020050475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aseptic loosening is an increasing problem in total hip replacement (THR). Chronic inflammatory reaction against implant wear particle results in collageno- and osteolysis, leading to loosening of the implant. Cytokines are known to play a major role in this particular inflammatory process. The aim of the present study was to examine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the synovial-like interface membrane (SLIM) and pseudocapsular tissue of THRs and to compare it to normal knee synovial membrane. Eleven patients suffering from aseptically loosened THRs were included. All the SLIM and pseudocapsular tissue samples were obtained during revision operations. Ten control samples of normal synovium were collected per arthroscopy from the superior recessus of the knee. For immunohistochemical IL-8 detection, polyclonal mouse anti-human immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 IL-8-primary antibody was used with the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. Results were quantitated using the Vidas image analysis system. The highest count levels (mean +/- SEM) were detected in SLIM tissue (386+/-82 cells/mm2). The difference was statistically significant compared with pseudocapsular tissue (193+/-36 cells/mm2) and control samples (18+/-5 cells/mm2). Count levels in control tissue were on average 5% of the SLIM tissues values. The present study determines for the first time the cellular origin of IL-8 in aseptically loosened THRs and also quantitates the IL-8-producing cells in the periprosthetic tissue. The results reveal a high rise in IL-8 concentration in SLIM and in synovial tissues. This finding moves us one step forward in solving the complex network of multiple factors affecting loosening of hip implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lassus
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
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Xu JW, Ma J, Li TF, Waris E, Alberty A, Santavirta S, Konttinen YT. Expression of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha in interfacial membranes retrieved at revision total hip arthroplasty. Ann Rheum Dis 2000; 59:822-7. [PMID: 11005785 PMCID: PMC1753009 DOI: 10.1136/ard.59.10.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interfacial membrane between bone and implant has been shown to be a key tissue in the process of aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty. The cells within the interfacial membrane produce numerous inflammatory mediators which, through complex mechanisms, cause periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening. Both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) have similar biological functions. They have been found to stimulate bone resorption. OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence, cellular localisation, and extent of expression of EGF and TGFalpha in interfacial membrane retrieved from revision total hip arthroplasty and compare it with that in synovial membrane from primary total hip arthroplasty. METHODS Ten interfacial membranes and 10 synovial membranes were stained with avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex for EGF and TGFalpha. The staining process was done using the Lab Vision Autostainer. The results were measured by a semiautomatic VIDAS image analysis system. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for both EGF and TGFalpha was found in the endothelial cells of blood vessels, macrophages, and fibroblasts, both in interfacial membranes and synovial membranes. However, the number of EGF (980 (370)) and TGFalpha (1070 (360)) positive cells per mm(2) was greater in interfacial membranes than in the synovial membranes (220 (200), 270 (100); p<0.01). CONCLUSION It is suggested that owing to their increased expression in interfacial membrane, EGF and TGFalpha may have an important pathogenetic role in stimulating periprosthetic bone resorption in aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Xu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Li TF, Xu JW, Santavirta S, Nordsletten L, Michelsson O, Takagi M, Virtanen I, Konttinen YT. Distribution of fibronectins and their integrin receptors in interface tissue from aseptic loosening of hip prostheses. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000; 18:221-5. [PMID: 10812495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the distribution of fibronectins (FNs) and their integrin (Int) receptors in synovial membrane-like interface tissue (SMLIT) from aseptic loosening of total hip replacement (THR), and potential role of FN-Int interaction in the loosening process. METHODS The alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method was used to detect the distribution of FNs and their Int receptors in SMLIT and control samples. Double immunofluorescence labeling was used to reveal the different co-localizations. RESULTS Intensive FN staining appeared in the lining layers, sublining area, and vascular endothelium, while immunoreactivities for Int alpha 4, alpha 5, beta 1 subunits were detected in the lining and endothelial cells of SMLIT. Immunofluorescence labeling revealed Int alpha 5 and collagenase-1/collagenase-3 double positive cells in lining layers and sublining area of SMLIT. CONCLUSION Increased expression of FNs, Int alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 appeared in SMLIT compared with that in OA synovial membrane. FN-Int interactions may play a role in local collagenase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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Li TF, Xu JW, Santavirta S, Takagi M, Virtanen I, Pirilä L, Konttinen YT. Expression of vitronectin and its integrin receptors in the synovial membrane-like interface tissue from aseptic loosening of total hip replacement. J Rheumatol 2000; 27:727-34. [PMID: 10743817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate expression of vitronectin (VN) and its integrin (Int) receptors in synovial membrane-like interface tissue (SMLIT) in aseptic loosening of total hip replacement (THR), and the potential role of VN-Int interaction in production of collagenase-3. METHODS Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) staining was used to detect distribution of VN and Int alphaV, beta3, and beta5 subunits. Immunofluorescence labeling with FITC and TRITC conjugated IgG was used to localize Int beta3 subunit and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-13) double positive cells in SMLIT. RESULTS Intensive VN immunoreactivity was found in the lining-like layers, sublining area, and endothelium of SMLIT. Statistical analysis of the VN staining score revealed a significant difference between SMLIT and control synovial membrane. All 3 Int subunits appeared in the lining-like layers and sublining area. The Int beta3 subunit was also detected in giant cells of SMLIT. Int beta5 subunit staining was relatively weak and rarely found in vascular endothelium. Immunofluorescence labeling showed many double positive cells in the lining-like layer and sublining area of SMLIT. CONCLUSION Expressions of VN and Int alphaVbeta3 and alphaVbeta5 are increased in SMLIT compared with that in OA synovial membrane. Int alphaVbeta3 engagement with VN might play a potential role in local MMP-13 production in SMLIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Li
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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Konttinen YT, Li TF, Mandelin J, Liljeström M, Sorsa T, Santavirta S, Virtanen I. Increased expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer in rheumatoid synovium. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43:275-80. [PMID: 10693866 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200002)43:2<275::aid-anr6>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Mouse monoclonal antibody against human EMMPRIN was applied according to an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method to reveal EMMPRIN expression. Western blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to check for the presence of EMMPRIN protein and messenger RNA (mRNA). RESULTS EMMPRIN immunoreactivity was more intense in RA than in OA synovial membrane (P < 0.01). EMMPRIN staining was more widespread in RA than in OA, especially in association with macrophage infiltrates. RT-PCR of synovial membrane samples disclosed the presence of EMMPRIN mRNA. Nucleotide sequencing of the PCR amplification products confirmed the identity of the amplified bands. Immunoblot analysis revealed 55-kd glycosylated EMMPRIN bands, which were particularly prominent in RA samples. CONCLUSION The expression of EMMPRIN is upregulated in the rheumatoid synovial membrane. EMMPRIN can induce local production of at least MMPs 1, 2, and 3, and can thereby play a role in joint destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Konttinen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Konttinen YT, Li TF, Hukkanen M, Ma J, Xu JW, Virtanen I. Fibroblast biology. Signals targeting the synovial fibroblast in arthritis. Arthritis Res 2000; 2:348-55. [PMID: 11094447 PMCID: PMC130135 DOI: 10.1186/ar111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2000] [Revised: 04/05/2000] [Accepted: 04/27/2000] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like cells in the synovial lining (type B lining cells), stroma and pannus tissue are targeted by many signals, such as the following: ligands binding to cell surface receptors; lipid soluble, small molecular weight mediators (eg nitric oxide [NO], prostaglandins, carbon monoxide); extracellular matrix (ECM)-cell interactions; and direct cell-cell contacts, including gap junctional intercellular communication. Joints are subjected to cyclic mechanical loading and shear forces. Adherence and mechanical forces affect fibroblasts via the ECM (including the hyaluronan fluid phase matrix) and the pericellular matrix (eg extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer [EMMPRIN]) matrices, thus modulating fibroblast migration, adherence, proliferation, programmed cell death (including anoikis), synthesis or degradation of ECM, and production of various cytokines and other mediators [1]. Aggressive, transformed or transfected mesenchymal cells containing proto-oncogenes can act in the absence of lymphocytes, but whether these cells represent regressed fibroblasts, chondrocytes or bone marrow stem cells is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Konttinen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Konttinen YT, Kemppinen P, Li TF, Waris E, Pihlajamäki H, Sorsa T, Takagi M, Santavirta S, Schultz GS, Humphreys-Beher MG. Transforming and epidermal growth factors in degenerated intervertebral discs. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1999; 81:1058-63. [PMID: 10615986 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.81b6.9321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We studied the presence of anabolic growth factors in human herniated intervertebral discs (IVD) using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from the nucleus pulposus using oligo (dT)25 superparamagnetic beads and probing with gene-specific primers in RT-PCR. mRNA coding for TGF-alpha (3/10), EGF (0/10), TGF-beta1 (0/10) and TGF-beta3 (2/10) or the EGF receptor (EGF-R; 0/10) and TGF-beta type-II receptor (0/10) was found only occasionally. Beta-actin was always present and positive sample controls confirmed the validity of the RT-PCR assay. These RT-PCR findings were confirmed using immunohistochemical staining of EGF and TFG-beta, whereas TGF-alpha protein was always found associated with discocytes. We conclude that the nucleus pulposus of the herniated IVD is vulnerable to proteolytic degradation and depletion of proteoglycans due to the lack and/or low production of anabolic growth factors/receptors which could increase the local synthesis of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Konttinen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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Konttinen YT, Li TF, Xu JW, Tagaki M, Pirilä L, Silvennoinen T, Santavirta S, Virtanen I. Expression of laminins and their integrin receptors in different conditions of synovial membrane and synovial membrane-like interface tissue. Ann Rheum Dis 1999; 58:683-90. [PMID: 10531072 PMCID: PMC1752798 DOI: 10.1136/ard.58.11.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the expression of laminins (Lns) and their integrin (Int) receptors in different synovial samples and synovial membrane-like interface tissues from well fixed and aseptically loosened total hip replacement (THR), and the potential role of Ln-Int interaction in the production of collagenases and cytokines. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was done to detect the distribution of EHS Ln, Ln alpha2, alpha3, alpha5, beta1, beta2 chains and Int alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha6, beta1, beta4 subunits in different samples. Double immunofluorescence labelling was used to find colocalisation of Int alpha6 subunit and collagenase-1/collagenase-3/TNFalpha/IL6. RESULTS General Ln immunoreactivity was detected in all specimens. Ln alpha5, beta1 and beta2, but not alpha2 and alpha3 chains were seen in the synovial lining and the basement membrane of blood vessels with the intensity/extent of labelling in the following rank order: rheumatoid arthritis (RA) loosened prostheses, osteoarthritis, well fixed prostheses, traumatic knees. Among Int subunits, staining for beta1 was usually the strongest, followed by staining for Int alpha6, alpha1, alpha3, and alpha2 subunits, with the same rank order for overall expression of Lns. Int beta4 subunit was not detectable in most of the specimens. Double labelling focused on Int alpha6 subunit disclosed its frequent colocalisation with collagenases 1 and 3 and with tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 in synovial lining. CONCLUSION Synovial lining contains Ln-10, Ln-11, and Int alpha6beta1 and alpha1beta1 receptors. In aseptic loosening of THR, interface tissue has a similar Ln subtype and Int receptor composition as RA synovium, which confirms its "lining-like" phenotype. Synovial lining does not contain Ln-5 (alpha3beta3gamma2) or Int alpha6beta4, which are components of epithelial hemidesmosomes. The expression of Lns and their Int receptors is upregulated in inflammation. The close spatial relation between Ln and its Int receptors in synovial lining cells containing proteinases and cytokines suggests a potential role in joint destruction and prosthetic loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Konttinen
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Li TF, Santavirta S, Virtanen I, Könönen M, Takagi M, Konttinen YT. Increased expression of EMMPRIN in the tissue around loosened hip prostheses. Acta Orthop Scand 1999; 70:446-51. [PMID: 10622476 DOI: 10.3109/17453679909000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been shown to play a role in aseptic loosening of total hip replacement (THR). Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) can upregulate expression of several MMPs but has little effect on their tissue inhibitor (TIMP). Using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunostaining method, we detected strong immunoreactivity of EMMPRIN in the lining-like layers, sublining area and vascular endothelium of synovial membrane-like interface tissue around loosened prostheses. In contrast, EMMPRIN staining was very weak in the synovial samples from patients with hip arthrosis. Double immunofluorescence labeling revealed EMMPRIN/MMP-1 double-positive cells in lining-like layers and the sublining area of interface tissue. Our findings indicate that EMMPRIN expression is upregulated in interface tissue, and that locally accumulated EMMPRIN may modulate MMP-1 expression. An imbalance in the activity of MMPs and TIMP may lead to tissue destruction and periprosthetic osteolysis. These biological responses, combined with mechanical stress caused by micromotion and oscillating fluid pressure, may eventually cause aseptic loosening of THR.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
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Konttinen YT, Kemppinen P, Koski H, Li TF, Jumppanen M, Hietanen J, Santavirta S, Salo T, Larsson A, Hakala M, Sorsa T. T(H)1 cytokines are produced in labial salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome, but also in healthy individuals. Scand J Rheumatol 1999; 28:106-12. [PMID: 10229140 DOI: 10.1080/030097499442577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the T cell cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 in labial salivary glands (LSG) in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and healthy controls using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. IFN-gamma is always or almost always produced in SS and in healthy controls. IL-2 was also found in some samples, but IL-4 and IL-5 were not. Less than 2% of all inflammatory mononuclear cells contained immuoreactive IFN-gamma or IL-2. Cytokine mRNA profile in LSGs in SS is skewed towards a T(H)1 pattern. The classical T(H)1 cytokines are also produced in normal glands, even in the absence of foci. T(H)1 type response may play an active role as part of the mucosal associated lymphoid tissue/responses, perhaps in prevention of reactivation of latent viruses. This may also make the exocrine glands a locus minoris resistentiae when the self tolerance is broken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Konttinen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Konttinen YT, Kääpä E, Hukkanen M, Gu XH, Takagi M, Santavirta S, Alaranta H, Li TF, Suda A. Cathepsin G in degenerating and healthy discal tissue. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1999; 17:197-204. [PMID: 10342046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the eventual presence, tissue localization, molecular forms, amount and activity of cathepsin G in the annulus fibrosus. METHODS Normal non-autolytic disc tissue was collected from cadavers within six hours after death. Degenerate disc samples were collected from low back pain patients undergoing anterior interbody fusion due to severe, discographically verified and painful disc degeneration, and from the posterior parts of intervertebral discs from 10 patients undergoing microscopic discoidectomy because of intervertebral herniation. Avidin-biotinperxidase complex staining of cathepsin G was quantitated by morphometry. Cellular localization was analyzed using double immunofluorescence staining of cathepsin G and CD68, proline 4-hydroxylase or von Willebrand factor. Neutral salt extracts were analyzed by using synthetic cathepsin G substrate in spectrophotometry, dot-immunoblotting and Western blotting. RESULTS Histological and morphometric image analysis showed increased cellularity, increased numbers of cathepsin G positive cells and neovascularization in degenerated discs compared to control discs. Neutral salt extract of disc tissue, degenerated or normal, in contrast to control material from synovial capsular tissue, did not contain measurable cathepsin G activity, although immunoreactive enzyme was detected in dot-immunoblotting. Western blotting demonstrated that the discal cathepsin G had an apparent molecular weight of 27 kDa. CONCLUSION Due to its properties and localization in normal and pathologically altered tissue, cathepsin G probably plays both a direct and an indirect role in extracellular matrix degradation in the annulus fibrosus. Extracted cationic cathepsin G was immunoreactive, but was functionally inhibited by serpins or, more likely, by polyanionic proteoglycans and saccharins derived from the connective tissue matrix of the annulus fibrosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Konttinen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Finland
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