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Etcheverry L, Spaccesi FG, Cappelletti NE, Lavarías SML. Basal levels of biochemical biomarkers in the freshwater prawn Palaemon argentinus and their alterations due to the exposure of both insecticides cypermethrin and spirotetramat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174958. [PMID: 39067605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the prawn Palaemon argentinus to the pyrethroid cypermethrin (CYP) and the tetramic acid spirotetramat (STM). These treatments were compared with prawns collected at a reference site to define their basal physiological state. Initially, physicochemical parameters and several pollutants at the selected site were analyzed. The LC50-96 h was determined in adult prawns. Then, prawns were exposed for 96 h to sublethal concentrations of CYP (0.0005 μg/l) and STM (0.44 mg/l) to evaluate the effects on some biochemical endpoints. A treatment combining both pesticides was also added at 5 % of these values. Controls with and without solvent (acetone) were included. The LC50-96 h values were 0.005 μg/l and 4.43 mg/l for CYP and STM, respectively. Moreover, some biomarkers linked to oxidative and energy metabolism were analyzed in the hepatopancreas and muscle of both essayed prawns and those at the basal state. The STM caused a significant decrease in total protein content (32 %) in contrast to the increase of protein carbonyl content (71 %) (p < 0.05). Also, glutathione S-transferase (52 %) and catalase (61 %) activities in the hepatopancreas of exposed prawns were higher compared to both the control and state basal groups (p < 0.05). In muscle, only a significant decrease in the lactate content (69 %) was caused by STM (p < 0.05). In addition, CYP caused a significant increase in the lactate dehydrogenase activity (110 %) in muscle and triacylglycerol content (73 %) in the hepatopancreas (p < 0.05). The integrated biomarker index (IBRv2) analysis showed that STM caused greater damage than CYP. Besides, the combined treatment showed an antagonistic interaction between both insecticides. The differential response of biomarkers to both CYP and STM exposure with respect to their basal levels shows a high sensitivity of P. argentinus demonstrating its potential role as a bioindicator organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Etcheverry
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)- Asoc. CIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Cs. Exactas, UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando G Spaccesi
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)- Asoc. CIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Cs. Naturales y Museo, UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia E Cappelletti
- CONICET-Departamento de Ambiente y Turismo, Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina M L Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)- Asoc. CIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zaghloul GY, Mohamedein LI, Kelany MS, El-Moselhy KM, Ezz El-Din HM. Impact of total phenolic compounds on ecological and health risks of water and sediments from Timsah Lake, Suez Canal, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:45667-45682. [PMID: 38970632 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to measure spatial and temporal distributions of total phenolic compounds and their ecological and health hazards using UV-vis spectrophotometers as a low-cost, fast, simple method in water and sediments collected from Timsah Lake, Suez Canal, Egypt, 2022. Also, assessing highly adaptive fungal species associated with contamination is designed. Due to human and environmental activities and industrial waste discharges, Timsah Lake is increasingly threatened by all kinds of pollutants. The results indicated that the seasonal concentration means of the phenolic compounds were winter (0.229) > spring (0.161) > summer (0.124) > autumn (0.131) mg/l and winter (3.08) > summer (2.66) mg/g in water and sediment samples, respectively. The result has shown that the phenol concentrations in all stations were more than 0.005 and 0.1 mg/l for Egyptian National Standards and World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water but less than the limits of 1 mg/l for wastewater. Notably, the fungi recorded the highest counts during spring, totaling 397 colonies/100 ml of water and 842 colonies/gram of sediment. Four isolates of fungi were identified and deposited in the GenBank database by Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium roqueforti, and Penicillium rubens under accession numbers OR401933, OR402837, OR402878, and OR424729, respectively. Moreover, ecological risk (RQ) for the total phenolic compounds was > 1 in all investigated stations for water and sediments. The hazard quotient is HQ < 1 in all seasons in water and sediments except winter. The hazard index (HI) in water and sediments for children is higher than for adults. It can be concluded that the low-cost, fast, simple method for determining phenolic content in water and sediment samples, using UV-vis spectrophotometry, was useful for predicting the reactivates of a wide variety of phenol and their derivatives. Furthermore, it can be concluded that Periodic assessments of water quality and strict regulations are necessary to safeguard this vital resource from pollution and ensure the well-being of future generations. Finally, policymakers and water treatment specialists might use the information from this research to reduce these chemical pollutants in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Y Zaghloul
- Marine Chemistry Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa I Mohamedein
- Marine Pollution Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Kelany
- Marine Microbiology Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalid M El-Moselhy
- Marine Pollution Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Ezz El-Din
- Marine Chemistry Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt.
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Bodean MF, Regaldo L, Mayora G, Mora C, Giri F, Gervasio S, Popielarz A, Repetti MR, Licursi M. Effects of herbicides and fertilization on biofilms of Pampean lotic systems: A microcosm study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170238. [PMID: 38280601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
We experimentally assessed the impact of the application of herbicides and fertilizers derived from agricultural activity through the individual and simultaneous addition of glyphosate, atrazine, and nutrients (nitrogen 'N' and phosphorus 'P') on the biofilm community and their resilience when the experimental factors were removed. We hypothesize that i) the presence of agrochemicals negatively affects the biofilm community leading to the simplification of the community structure; ii) the individual or simultaneous addition of herbicides and nutrients produces differential responses in the biofilm; and iii) the degree of biofilm recovery differs according to the treatment applied. Environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate (0.7 mgL-1), atrazine (44 μgL-1), phosphorus (1 mg P L-1 [KH2PO4]), and nitrogen (3 mg N L-1[NaNO3]) were used. Chlorophyll a, ash-free dry weight, abundance of main biofilm groups and nutrient contents in biofilm were analyzed. At initial exposure time, all treatments were dominated by Cyanobacteria; through the exposure period, it was observed a progressive replacement by Bacillariophyceae. This replacement occurred on day 3 for the control and was differentially delayed in all herbicides and/or nutrient treatments in which the abundance of cyanobacteria remains significant yet in T5. A significant correlation was observed between the abundance of cyanobacteria and the concentration of atrazine, suggesting that this group is less sensitive than diatoms. The presence of agrochemicals exerted differential effects on the different algal groups. Herbicides contributed to phosphorus and nitrogen inputs. The most frequently observed interactions between experimental factors (nutrients and herbicides) was additivity excepting for species richness (antagonistic effect). In the final recovery time, no significant differences were found between the treatments and the control in most of the evaluated parameters, evincing the resilience of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Bodean
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología 'INALI', Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luciana Regaldo
- Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC, UNL-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gisela Mayora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología 'INALI', Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Celeste Mora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología 'INALI', Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Federico Giri
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología 'INALI', Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC, UNL-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana Gervasio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología (INTEC, CONICET - UNL), Parque Tecnológico Litoral Centro, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Popielarz
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología (INTEC, CONICET - UNL), Parque Tecnológico Litoral Centro, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Magdalena Licursi
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología 'INALI', Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Xu H, Wang J, Wang Q, Tu W, Jin Y. Co-exposure to polystyrene microplastics and cypermethrin enhanced the effects on hepatic phospholipid metabolism and gut microbes in adult zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133051. [PMID: 38016319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) can absorb environmental pollutants from the aquatic environment to cause mixed toxicity, which has received widespread attention. However, studies on the joint effects of MPs and insecticides are limited. As one of the most widely used pyrethroids, there was a large amount of residual cypermethrin (CYP) in water due to insufficient decomposition. Here, adult female zebrafish were exposed to MPs, CYP, and their mixtures for 21 days, respectively. After exposures, the MPs and CYP caused tissue damage to the liver. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) level increased significantly after MPs + CYP exposure, and the expression of genes about glycolipids metabolism was significantly altered. Furthermore, metabolome results suggested that MPs + CYP exposure resulted in increased content of some glycerophospholipid, affecting phospholipid metabolism-related pathways. In addition, through 16 s rDNA sequencing, it was found that MPs + CYP led to significant changes in the proportion of dominant phyla. Interestingly, Cetobacterium which increased in CYP and the co-exposure group was positively correlated with most lipid metabolites. Our results suggested that co-exposure to MPs and CYP enhanced the disturbances in hepatic phospholipid metabolism by affecting the gut microbial composition, while these changes were not observed in separate treatment groups. These results emphasized the importance of studying the joint toxicity of MPs and insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigui Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Juntao Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Mayora G, Sagardoy ME, Repetti MR, Paira A, Frau D, Gutierrez MF. Spatiotemporal patterns of multiple pesticide residues in central Argentina streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167014. [PMID: 37716677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of surface waters is a global threat, with particular concern about pesticides due to their severe negative effects on ecosystem functioning and human health. The aims of this study were to identify the spatiotemporal patterns of water and sediment quality, and the key variables related to the variation in pesticide pollution (122 compounds), in headwater streams (surrounding land uses: crop or mixed crop-livestock systems) and floodplain streams (surrounding land uses: urban development or natural wetland) of the Paraná River basin in the central area of Argentina. We found significant differences in water and sediment quality related to local land uses among headwater streams, but not among floodplain streams. These differences were more noticeable during spring than during autumn. Pesticides were widespread in all the streams, independently of the surrounding land use, reflecting the combination of local inputs and the role of floodplain hydrological connectivity in transporting pollutants from upstream sources. The most frequently detected compound was atrazine (75 %), whereas the highest concentration of an individual compound was observed for the glyphosate metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA, up to 4 μg L-1). The significant explanatory variables for pesticide pollution were turbidity, chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), sub-basin area, side slope of streams (positive relations), wetland cover, and precipitations (negative relations). Our results can be useful for the design of monitoring programs that capture the spatial and temporal variability of pesticide pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Mayora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología (FCyT-UADER), Ruta Provincial 11 km 10,5, C.P. E3100 Oro Verde, Argentina.
| | - María Emilia Sagardoy
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Rosa Repetti
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química (FIQ-UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Aldo Paira
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas (FICH-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego Frau
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (ESS-FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Macagnan N, Rutkoski CF, Folador A, Skovronski VJ, Müller C, Hartmann PA, Hartmann M. Mortality and toxicity of a commercial formulation of cypermethrin in Physalaemus gracilis tadpoles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17826. [PMID: 37857789 PMCID: PMC10587170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the lethal, sublethal, and toxic of a commercial formulation of cypermethrin in the anuran species Physalaemus gracilis. In the acute test, concentrations of 100-800 μg L-1 were tested over 96 h. In the chronic test, cypermethrin concentrations recorded in nature (1, 3, 6, and 20 μg L-1) were tested for mortality and then used for the micronucleus test and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities over a 7-days period. The LC50 determined for P. gracilis for the commercial cypermethrin formulation was 273.41 μg L-1. In the chronic test, a mortality of more than 50% was observed at the highest concentration (20 μg L-1), as it caused half of the tadpoles studied to die. The micronucleus test showed significant results at concentrations of 6 and 20 μg L-1 and recorded the presence of several nuclear abnormalities, indicating the genotoxic potential of the commercial cypermethrin formulation for P. gracilis. Cypermethrin presented a high risk to the species, indicating that it has the potential to cause several problems in the short and long term and to affect the dynamics of this ecosystem. Therefore, it can be concluded that the commercial formulation of cypermethrin had toxicological effects on P. gracilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natani Macagnan
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Fatima Rutkoski
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Folador
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Müller
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Afonso Hartmann
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
| | - Marilia Hartmann
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil.
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Bertrand L, Iturburu FG, Valdés ME, Menone ML, Amé MV. Risk evaluation and prioritization of contaminants of emerging concern and other organic micropollutants in two river basins of central Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163029. [PMID: 36990232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A research gap exists in baseline concentrations of organic micropollutants in South American rivers. Identification of areas with different degrees of contamination and risk to the inhabitant biota is needed to improve management of freshwater resources. Here we inform the incidence and ecological risk assessment (ERA) of current used pesticides (CUPs), pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and cyanotoxins (CTX) measured in two river basins from central Argentina (South America). Risk Quotients approach was used for ERA differentiating wet and dry seasons. High risk was associated to CUPs in both basins (45 % and 30 % of sites from Suquía and Ctalamochita rivers, respectively), mostly in the basins extremes. Main contributors to risk in water were insecticides and herbicides in Suquía river and insecticides and fungicides in Ctalamochita river. In Suquía river sediments, a very high risk was observed in the lower basin, mainly from AMPA contribution. Additionally, 36 % of the sites showed very high risk of PCPPs in Suquía river water, with the highest risk downstream the wastewater treatment plant of Córdoba city. Main contribution was from a psychiatric drug and analgesics. In sediments medium risk was observed at the same places with antibiotics and psychiatrics as main contributors. Few data of PPCPs are available in the Ctalamochita river. The risk in water was low, with one site (downstream Santa Rosa de Calamuchita town) presenting moderated risk caused by an antibiotic. CTX represented in general medium risk in San Roque reservoir, with San Antonio river mouth and the dam exit showing high risk during the wet season. The main contributor was microcystin-LR. Priority chemicals for monitoring or further management include two CUPs, two PPCPs, and one CTX, demonstrating a significant input of pollutants to water ecosystems from different sources and the need to include organic micropollutants in current and future monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidwina Bertrand
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET) and Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando Gastón Iturburu
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Dean Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Valdés
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC-CONICET) and Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Juan Filloy s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mirta Luján Menone
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Dean Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Valeria Amé
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET) and Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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Van Opstal NV, Gabioud EA, Seehaus MS, Pighini RJ, Repetti MR, Wilson MG, Wingeyer AB, Cuatrin AL, Regaldo LM, Gagneten AM, Sasal MC. Spatial distribution of pesticides in surface water of the Estacas stream (Argentine Espinal region) associated with crop production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:43573-43585. [PMID: 36658320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Espinal region (Entre Ríos, Argentina) has suffered land use changes caused by expansion of the agricultural frontier. This expansion has led to an increased use of pesticides. This study is aimed at better understanding the spatial distribution of pesticides in surface water of the Estacas stream, a representative basin of the Espinal region, associated with crop production. The location and proportion of area with soybean, maize, and wheat crops in each catchment area of the basin were estimated, and surface water samples were taken to perform a pesticide screening during a period of one year. Soybean represented approximately 71% of the total cultivated area of the basin, whereas maize and wheat accounted for 15% and 14%, respectively. The analysis of 125 analytes showed the presence of 19 pesticides. The pesticide load maps showed that atrazine was detected in an area of relatively low catchment compared to other pesticides as glyphosate, which is applied in all the agricultural fields of the basin. The load of metolachlor and S-metolachlor covered a large area of the basin. The highest recorded concentrations of these pesticides were 86 μg L-1 of atrazine, 24 μg L-1 of metolachlor, 19 μg L-1 of glyphosate, and 15 μg L-1 of S-metolachlor. The results allow better understanding the environmental distribution of pesticides associated with pest control in the crops of the basin studied, the doses and times of application, and the variation in the rainfall in the basin. This study provides relevant information about how aquatic ecosystems in agricultural basins receive the diffuse contribution of pesticides, representing potential sources of water pollution. Also, the results allow supporting the design of agricultural practices and politics to improve land-use planning for the development of sustainable basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Veronica Van Opstal
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Entre Ríos, Paraná, Argentina.
| | - Emmanuel Adrian Gabioud
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Entre Ríos, Paraná, Argentina
| | - Mariela Soledad Seehaus
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Entre Ríos, Paraná, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Joaquin Pighini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Maria Rosa Repetti
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química (FIQ), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcelo German Wilson
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Entre Ríos, Paraná, Argentina
| | - Ana Beatriz Wingeyer
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Entre Ríos, Paraná, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Lorena Cuatrin
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Entre Ríos, Paraná, Argentina
| | - Luciana Maria Regaldo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana Maria Gagneten
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Maria Carolina Sasal
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Entre Ríos, Paraná, Argentina
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Pautasso NA, Poletta GL, Paravani EV, Sasal MC, Simoniello MF. DNA damage and oxidative stress in gill cells of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus exposed to pesticides by runoff source in an agricultural basin. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:187-197. [PMID: 36719131 DOI: 10.1002/em.22529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In our country, great concern exists about diffuse pollution cause by the great use of pesticides in rural environments. A thorough analysis is needed to generate information, know the real situation and thus, be able to make decisions with the purpose of reducing environmental pollution. In situ bioassays have been carried out using Cnesterodon decemmaculatus within limnocorrals located in a surface natural water system that receives rainfall excess flowing from an agricultural basin with a typical crop rotation, including corn, wheat and soy. Specimens were taken from the limnocorrals 72 h after a probed natural runoff event toward the water body, and the gill cells were used to evaluate the DNA damage (comet assay, CA), catalase enzyme activity (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LPO). In addition, the physicochemical analysis of the water (pH, temperature) and the presence and concentration of pesticides were carried out. The results showed significant differences on DNA damage and oxidative stress on the gill cells of the exposed fish compared to controls, being the combination of the rain regime and the mixtures of pesticides used in corn and soy more toxic than in wheat. These results highlight the necessity to understand detrimental processes caused by pesticides used in extensive systems of primary production, in order to prevent and minimize diffuse contamination, contributing to environmental recovery and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisela Laura Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje el Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique Valentín Paravani
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ingeniería-UNER, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | | | - María Fernanda Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje el Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
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10
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San Juan MRF, Lavarías SML, Aparicio V, Larsen KE, Lerner JEC, Cortelezzi A. Ecological risk assessment of pesticides in sediments of Pampean streams, Argentina. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137598. [PMID: 36549510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
After their application in agricultural areas, pesticides are dispersed throughout the environment, causing contamination problems. In Argentina, the main promoter of transgenic biotechnology in the region, the total consumption of agrochemicals has increased significantly in recent years. Most chemicals dumped near surface waters eventually end up in bottom sediments and can be toxic to the organisms that live there. However, published data on the mixing of pesticides in this compartment is still scarce. The objective of this work was to detect and quantify pesticide residues in the sediment of rural streams in the Pampas region and to carry out acute and chronic risk assessment in these aquatic ecosystems. The study area comprises the mountainous system of Tandilia, located in one of the most productive agricultural areas in the country. The concentration of atrazine, acetochlor, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and 2,4-D in the sediment of four rural streams was determined in three different seasons, and the toxic units (TU) and the risk ratios (RQ) were calculated. All the compounds analyzed were detected in most of the sampling seasons and study sites, at concentrations higher than those established in the national and international quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic biota in surface waters and for human consumption. Chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and acetochlor were the main pesticides contributing to the TU and RQ values, representing a medium or high ecological risk in most of the sites. Therefore, the evaluation of these pesticides in the bottom sediments could be a decisive factor in assessing the risk to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Fernández San Juan
- Instituto Multidisciplinario Sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable (ECOSISTEMAS), UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN-CIC-CONICET), UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina.
| | - S M L Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA-CCT CONICET) La Plata - UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - V Aparicio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73,3, Balcarce, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina.
| | - K E Larsen
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CIC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina.
| | - J E Colman Lerner
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco" (CONICET-UNLP-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - A Cortelezzi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario Sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable (ECOSISTEMAS), UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina.
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11
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Girotto L, Freitas IBF, Yoshii MPC, Goulart BV, Montagner CC, Schiesari LC, Espíndola ELG, Freitas JS. Using mesocosms to evaluate the impacts of pasture intensification and pasture-sugarcane conversion on tadpoles in Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21010-21024. [PMID: 36264462 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of environmental contamination caused by pasture intensification and pasture-sugarcane conversion on oxidative stress, biotransformation, esterase enzymes, and development of Scinax fuscovarious and Physalaemus nattereri. Tadpoles were exposed in mesocosms allocated in three treatments: (1) untreated extensive pasture (EP); (2) intensive-pasture conversion (IP) (2,4-D herbicide + fertilizers); and (3) pasture-sugarcane conversion (SC) (fipronil + 2,4-D + fertilizers). After 7 days of exposure, IP reduced catalase (CAT) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in P. nattereri, while this treatment decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and CAT activities in S. fuscovarious. SC decreased CAT, G6PDH, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in P. nattereri. In S. fuscovarius, SC reduced G6PDH, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and carboxylesterase (CbE) activities. MDA was raised in both tadpole species exposed to SC, evidencing oxidative stress. Integrated biomarker responses showed higher scores in both species exposed to SC. Our results warn that management practices currently applied to sugarcane cultivation in Brazil can negatively impact the functional responses of amphibians at natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Girotto
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13, São Carlos, 560-970, Brazil
| | - Isabele Baima Ferreira Freitas
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13, São Carlos, 560-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13, São Carlos, 560-970, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis César Schiesari
- EACH, USP - School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13, São Carlos, 560-970, Brazil
| | - Juliane Silberschmidt Freitas
- Department of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), R. Ver. Geraldo Moisés da Silva, S/N - Universitário, Ituiutaba, MG, 38302-192, Brazil.
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12
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Gupta P, Mahapatra A, Suman A, Singh RK. In silico and in vivo assessment of developmental toxicity, oxidative stress response & Na +/K +-ATPase activity in zebrafish embryos exposed to cypermethrin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114547. [PMID: 36680990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP), a synthetic type II pyrethroid pesticide, is extensively used to control pests in industrial, domestic, and agricultural environments. However, its indiscriminate use leads to a potential threat to aquatic organisms. Although several reports focussed on developmental toxicity effects, a concise study combining cardiotoxicity along with Na+/K+-ATPase activity and molecular docking of developmental proteins with CYP was lacking. This present study was designed to address this gap to comprehend the impact of CYP exposure (0, 25, 100 and 200 µg/L) on embryonic zebrafish. As a result, CYP delayed the hatching rate, reduced heart rate, increased mortality rate and induced numerous morphological abnormalities. Subsequently, CYP induced oxidative stress in treated zebrafish embryos with the concomitant increase in antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and malondialdehyde production. In addition, an alteration in AChE, NO content and Na+/K+-ATPase activity was observed, suggesting a disruption in cardiac development and ion regulation. Furthermore, AO staining showed notable apoptotic cells which are supported by alteration in apoptosis-related gene expressions. Moreover, to explore the putative targets of CYP, computational docking with developmental proteins (WNT3A, WNT8A, GATA-4, Nkx 2-5 and ZHE1) showed strong interactions and binding. Taken together, our findings provide a better understanding of assessing the ecotoxicological risk information and the mode of action underlying the development of teleost fishes following CYP exposure. Meanwhile, the pioneering nature of this study is to emphasize the future use of Na+/K+-ATPase activity as a potential toxicity biomarker and in silico molecular docking studies to complement developmental toxicity findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Archisman Mahapatra
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anjali Suman
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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13
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Gallegos CE, Bartos M, Gumilar F, Minetti A, Baier CJ. Behavioral and neurochemical impairments after intranasal administration of chlorpyrifos formulation in mice. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 189:105315. [PMID: 36549818 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the most relevant environmental factors associated with the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders are pesticides. Spray drift or volatilization generates pesticide dispersion after its application. In addition, inhalation or intranasal (IN) administration of xenobiotics constitutes a feasible route for substance delivery to the brain. This study investigates the behavioral and neurochemical effects of IN exposure to a commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos (fCPF). Adult male CF-1 mice were intranasally administered with fCPF (3-10 mg/kg/day) three days a week, for 2 weeks. Behavioral and biochemical analyses were conducted 20 and 30 days after the last IN fCPF administration, respectively. No significant behavioral or biochemical effects were observed in the 3 mg/kg fCPF IN exposure group. However, animals exposed to 10 mg/kg fCPF showed anxiogenic behavior and recognition memory impairment, with no effects on locomotor activity. In addition, the IN administration of 10 mg/kg fCPF altered the redox balance, modified the activity of enzymes belonging to the cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways, and affected glucose metabolism, and cholesterol levels in different brain areas. Taken together, these observations suggest that these biochemical imbalances could be responsible for the neurobehavioral disturbances observed after IN administration of fCPF in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Eugenia Gallegos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), San Juan 670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bartos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), San Juan 670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Gumilar
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), San Juan 670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Minetti
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), San Juan 670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Carlos Javier Baier
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), San Juan 670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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14
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Odetti LM, González ECL, Siroski PA, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL. How the exposure to environmentally relevant pesticide formulations affects the expression of stress response genes and its relation to oxidative damage and genotoxicity in Caiman latirostris. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:104014. [PMID: 36375727 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the molecular stress responses thought the expression levels of catalase (cat), superoxide dismutase (sod) and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) genes, and how these relate with cellular stress response considering oxidative damage to lipids, DNA and genotoxicity in blood of Caiman latirostris hatchlings exposed to pesticide formulations under ex situ conditions. Treatments were: negative control (NC-tap water), glyphosate 2% (GLY), cypermethrin 0.12% (CYP), chlorpyrifos 0.8% (CPF), and their ternary mixture (Mx3). The concentrations and schedule of application were those recommended in soybean crops. Soil and water showed pesticides residues in all exposed groups. Results showed a statistically significant increase in the micronucleus frequency and DNA damage, with an important oxidation in all exposed groups. The expression level of cat gene was significantly higher in CYP while the expression of hsp70 was significantly lower in GLY, CYP and Mx3, compared to NC. Pesticides tested showed alterations in expression levels, growth parameters, DNA damage and base oxidation under realistic exposure conditions, and can threaten, in the long term, the health status of wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Odetti
- Cát. Toxicol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Evelyn C López González
- Lab. de Ecología Molecular Aplicada (LEMA) - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral-UNL, CONICET), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Proyecto Yacaré (MAyCC, Gob. Sta. Fe), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Siroski
- Lab. de Ecología Molecular Aplicada (LEMA) - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral-UNL, CONICET), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Proyecto Yacaré (MAyCC, Gob. Sta. Fe), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ma Fernanda Simoniello
- Cát. Toxicol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gisela L Poletta
- Cát. Toxicol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Proyecto Yacaré (MAyCC, Gob. Sta. Fe), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
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15
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Odetti LM, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL. Alterations in the Expression of Antioxidant Enzyme Genes in Response to Pesticide Exposure During Embryonic Development in the Native Reptile Species Caiman latirostris. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 110:3. [PMID: 36484838 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the expression levels of Catalase (cat) and copper, zinc Superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-sod) genes involved in the antioxidant response in Caiman latirostris (broad-snouted caiman) blood, after embryonic exposure to the formulations cypermethrin (CYP), chlorpyrifos (CPF), glyphosate (GLY), and their binary and ternary mixtures. Experimental groups were: negative control (NC-distilled water), vehicle control (VC-ethanol), GLY-2%, CYP- 0.12%, CPF- 0.8%, a ternary mixture of them (TM), and three binary mixtures. The applications were made on the nest material in contact with the eggs at the beginning of the incubation period. After hatching, RNA was isolated from blood and expression levels analyzed through qPCR. The results showed downregulation in the expression of sod and cat genes in the three binary mixtures studied, compared to the controls. In addition, we found a possible antagonistic effect between different pesticides in the TM on the expression of both genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Odetti
- Cát. Toxicol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina.
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cát. Toxicol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cát. Toxicol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina
- Proyecto Yacaré- Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MAyCC), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
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16
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Peluso J, Aronzon CM, Martínez Chehda A, Cuzziol Boccioni AP, Peltzer PM, De Geronimo E, Aparicio V, Gonzalez F, Valenzuela L, Lajmanovich RC. Environmental quality and ecotoxicity of sediments from the lower Salado River basin (Santa Fe, Argentina) on amphibian larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106342. [PMID: 36327688 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The lower Salado River basin receive agricultural, industrial and domestic waste water. So, the aim was to evaluate the quality of three sampling sites that belong to the Salado River basin (S1: Cululú stream; S2: Salado River, at Esperanza City, S3: Salado River at Santo Tomé City) based on physicochemical parameters, metals and pesticides analyses and ecotoxicity on Rhinella arenarum larvae. R. arenarum larvae (Gosner Stage -GS- 25) were chronically exposed (504h) to complex matrixes of surface water and sediment samples of each site for the determination of the survival rate. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity were analyzed in R. arenarum larvae (GS. 25) after exposure (96h) to the complex matrix of water and sediment. The water quality index showed a marginal quality for all sites, influenced mainly by low dissolved oxygen, high total suspended solid, phosphate, nitrite, conductivity, Pb, Cr and Cu levels. Metal concentrations were higher in sediment than in water samples (˜34-35000 times). In total, thirty different pesticides were detected in all water and sediment samples, S1 presented the greatest variety (26). Glyphosate and AMPA were detected in sediments from all sites, being higher in S3. N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) and atrazine were detected in all water samples. Greatest mortality was observed in larvae exposed to samples from S1 from 288h (43.3%), reaching a maximum value of 50% at 408h. Oxidative stress and genotoxicity were observed in larvae exposed to S1 and S3 matrix samples. Neurotoxicity was observed in larvae exposed to all matrix samples. The integrated biomarker response index showed that larvae exposed to S1 and S3 were the most affected. According to the physicochemical data and the ecotoxicity assessment, this important river basin is significantly degraded and may represent a risk to aquatic biota, especially for R. arenarum larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Peluso
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Agostina Martínez Chehda
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Cuzziol Boccioni
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paola M Peltzer
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Eduardo De Geronimo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Aparicio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Fluorescencia de Rayos X, Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Fluorescencia de Rayos X, Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael C Lajmanovich
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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17
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McDuffie LA, Christie KS, Taylor AR, Nol E, Friis C, Harwood CM, Rausch J, Laliberte B, Gesmundo C, Wright JR, Johnson JA. Flyway-scale GPS tracking reveals migratory routes and key stopover and non-breeding locations of lesser yellowlegs. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9495. [PMID: 36381389 PMCID: PMC9646513 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many populations of long-distance migrant shorebirds are declining rapidly. Since the 1970s, the lesser yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) has experienced a pronounced reduction in abundance of ~63%. The potential causes of the species' decline are complex and interrelated. Understanding the timing of migration, seasonal routes, and important stopover and non-breeding locations used by this species will aid in directing conservation planning to address potential threats. During 2018-2022, we tracked 118 adult lesser yellowlegs using GPS satellite tags deployed on birds from five breeding and two migratory stopover locations spanning the boreal forest of North America from Alaska to Eastern Canada. Our objectives were to identify migratory routes, quantify migratory connectivity, and describe key stopover and non-breeding locations. We also evaluated predictors of southbound migratory departure date and migration distance. Individuals tagged in Alaska and Central Canada followed similar southbound migratory routes, stopping to refuel in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America, whereas birds tagged in Eastern Canada completed multi-day transoceanic flights covering distances of >4000 km across the Atlantic between North and South America. Upon reaching their non-breeding locations, lesser yellowlegs populations overlapped, resulting in weak migratory connectivity. Sex and population origin were significantly associated with the timing of migratory departure from breeding locations, and body mass at the time of GPS-tag deployment was the best predictor of southbound migratory distance. Our findings suggest that lesser yellowlegs travel long distances and traverse numerous political boundaries each year, and breeding location likely has the greatest influence on migratory routes and therefore the threats birds experience during migration. Further, the species' dependence on wetlands in agricultural landscapes during migration and the non-breeding period may make them vulnerable to threats related to agricultural practices, such as pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine S. Christie
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Threatened, Endangered and Diversity ProgramAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Audrey R. Taylor
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alaska AnchorageAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Erica Nol
- BiologyTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | - Christian Friis
- Environment and Climate Change CanadaCanadian Wildlife ServiceTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Jennie Rausch
- Environment and Climate Change CanadaCanadian Wildlife ServiceYellowknifeNorthwest TerritoriesCanada
| | - Benoit Laliberte
- Environment and Climate Change CanadaWildlife Management and Regulatory AffairsGatineauQuebecCanada
| | - Callie Gesmundo
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceMigratory Bird ProgramAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - James R. Wright
- School of Environment and Natural ResourcesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - James A. Johnson
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceMigratory Bird ProgramAnchorageAlaskaUSA
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Medina V, Rosso BE, Soria M, Gutkind GO, Pagano EA, Zavala JA. Feeding on soybean crops changed gut bacteria diversity of the southern green stinkbug (Nezara viridula) and reduced negative effects of some associated bacteria. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4608-4617. [PMID: 35837785 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The southern green stinkbug (Nezara viridula) is a mayor pest of soybean. However, the mechanism underlying stinkbug resistance to soybean defenses is yet ignored. Although gut bacteria could play an essential role in tolerating plant defenses, most studies testing questions related to insect-plant-bacteria interactions have been performed in laboratory condition. Here we performed experiments in laboratory and field conditions with N. viridula and its gut bacteria, studying gut lipid peroxidaxion levels and cysteine activity in infected and unifected nymphs, testing the hypothesis that feeding on field-grown soybean decreases bacterial abundance in stinkbugs. RESULTS Gut bacterial abundance and infection ratio were higher in N. viridula adults reared in laboratory than in those collected from soybean crops, suggesting that stinkbugs in field conditions may modulate gut bacterial colonization. Manipulating gut microbiota by infecting stinkbugs with Yokenella sp. showed that these bacteria abundance decreased in field conditions, and negatively affected stinkbugs performance and were more aggressive in laboratory rearing than in field conditions. Infected nymphs that fed on soybean pods had lower mortality, higher mass and shorter development period than those reared in the laboratory, and suggested that field conditions helped nymphs to recover from Yokenella sp. infection, despite of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased cysteine proteases activity in nymphs' guts. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that feeding on field-grown soybean reduced bacterial abundance and infection in guts of N. viridula and highlighted the importance to test functional activities or pathogenicity of microbes under realistic field conditions prior to establish conclusions on three trophic interactions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Medina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica - Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno E Rosso
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Microbiologia - Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Soria
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Microbiologia - Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel O Gutkind
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Pagano
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica - Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Zavala
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica - Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Arrighetti F, Landro SM, Lavarías SML. Sensitivity of histopathological and histochemical parameters in the digestive gland of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata exposed to cypermethrin. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106292. [PMID: 36137307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of the pesticide cypermethrin (CYP) in the digestive gland of the apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, analysing histological and histochemical alterations. Adult snails were exposed to sublethal CYP concentrations (10, 25, and 100 µg/L) under acute (1 day) and sub-chronic (14 days) conditions. Histological analyses of the morphology of the digestive gland were performed and a histopathological condition index (HI) was calculated. Also, both intracellular accumulation of lipofuscins (LF) and neutral lipids (NL) were evaluated. CYP exposure induced tissue damage to this organ, such as disorganisation of the connective tissue, fibrosis, haemocytic infiltration, atrophy, and necrosis under acute and sub-chronic conditions. These alterations, integrated into a single HI value, revealed notable CYP effects during both acute and sub-chronic exposures. Cell type replacement, measured as VvBAS, was only observed in the sub-chronic treatment. Under acute conditions, the pyrethroid affected NL accumulation at the highest concentration, while in sub-chronic conditions NL accumulation was only observed at the lowest concentrations. P. canaliculata also showed a dose-dependent response of LF under acute CYP exposure conditions. However, under sub-chronic conditions, this parameter was not sensitive to pesticide exposure. All these relevant structural lesions may affect the normal function of the digestive gland, even though the species presented additional mechanisms, as infiltration of hemocyte and basophilic cell hyperplasia, that help it to tolerate the exposure to pollutants. This study showed that some histological and histochemical parameters are sensitive in P. canaliculata at CYP concentrations to which the snail could be exposed in the environments it inhabits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Arrighetti
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Sonia M Landro
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - Sabrina M L Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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20
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Peluso J, Pérez Coll CS, Rojas DE, Cristos D, Aronzon CM. Ecotoxicological assessment of complex environmental matrices from the lower Paraná River basin. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135385. [PMID: 35753422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sediments of aquatic ecosystems constitute the fate of most atmospheric and terrestrial pollutants. Since aquatic organisms, such as amphibians, interact with sediments, the presence of pollutants may affect their survival, growth and reproduction. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate, the sediment and water quality of five sites from the lower basin of the Paraná River (Buenos Aires, Argentina) with different anthropic impacts: Morejón stream (S1), de la Cruz stream upstream (S2) and downstream (S3), Arrecifes river (S4), tributary stream of Arrecifes river (S5). Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ (water) and in laboratory (water and sediment samples). Also, a screening of metals and pesticides was performed. Chronic (504 h) lethal toxicity bioassays were performed exposing Rhinella arenarum larvae to sediment and water samples. Oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S transferase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation) and genotoxicity (micronuclei test) biomarkers were analyzed at acute (96 h) exposure. According to the calculated water quality index, S1 and S3 showed excellent quality, S2 good quality and, S4 and S5 poor quality. Dissolved oxygen was low in all sites (2.26-5.63 mg/L) and S5 had the highest organic matter content. Copper levels exceeded the limit for the protection of aquatic life in S2 and S4; arsenic levels exceeded its limit in S4; and selenium levels exceeded its limit in S4 and S5. Pesticides were mainly detected in water samples. Sediment from S5 showed higher sulfide and organic matter concentrations. At 504 h, no significant mortality was observed in the control group while S5 caused the greatest mortality (80%), followed by S2 (66.67%), S1 (63.33%), S3 (46.67%) and S4 (43.4%). All samples caused oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and samples from S4 also caused genotoxicity. The analysis of sediment and water samples was a suitable approach to assess the effects of water bodies on a native amphibian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Peluso
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Cristina S Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Dante E Rojas
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Argentina
| | - Diego Cristos
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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21
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Van Opstal NV, Seehaus MS, Gabioud EA, Wilson MG, Galizzi FJ, Pighini RJ, Repetti MR, Regaldo LM, Gagneten AM, Sasal MC. Quality of the surface water of a basin affected by the expansion of the agricultural frontier over the native forest in the Argentine Espinal region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57395-57411. [PMID: 35349065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Land use changes have led to the degradation of multiple ecosystem services and affected the quality of aquatic ecosystems. The aims of this study were (i) to assess the expansion of the agricultural border over the native forest of an Argentinean stream basin and (ii) to characterize the surface water quality, considering physicochemical parameters, and pesticide concentrations. The agricultural frontier expansion was estimated through the analysis of satellite image coverage. Samples of surface water were taken bimonthly for 2 years. The native forest cover decreased from 72% in 1987 to 60% in 2017 due to the sustained increase in agricultural activities. In surface water, the concentrations of cations decreased: Na > Ca > K > Mg, whereas those of anions decreased: HCO3 > > Cl > SO4 > PO4. The 84 surface water samples analyzed revealed 25 pesticides, including herbicides (44%), insecticides (28%), and fungicides (28%). Herbicides were detected in more than 60% of the samples. 2,4-D, atrazine, cyproconazole, diazinon, glyphosate, AMPA, and metolachlor were detected in all the study sites and sometimes, 2,4-D, atrazine, dicamba, and metolachlor concentrations exceeded the guideline levels. The high sampling frequency of this study and the two annual cycles of crops in the basin enabled sensing of pesticide molecules and concentrations that had not been previously detected, indicating diffuse contamination. These findings signal an emergent challenge on the Espinal agro-ecosystem integrity due to changes in land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Verónica Van Opstal
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales Y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
| | - Mariela Soledad Seehaus
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales Y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel Adrian Gabioud
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales Y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Marcelo German Wilson
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales Y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | | | - Ramiro Joaquin Pighini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Maria Rosa Repetti
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química (FIQ), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luciana María Regaldo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana María Gagneten
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Sasal
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales Y Gestión Ambiental, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina
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22
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Pérez-Villanueva ME, Chin-Pampillo JS, Aguilar-Mora P, Guzmán AP, Masís-Mora M, Arias-Mora V, Ramírez-Morales D. An integrative water quality evaluation in two surface water bodies from a tropical agricultural region in Cartago, Costa Rica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:21968-21980. [PMID: 34773582 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A monitoring study was carried out in two micro-catchments in the Reventazón basin, in Northern Cartago, Costa Rica; pesticide occurrence and water quality were analyzed. Twelve pesticides were detected, five insecticides (chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, cypermethrin, imidacloprid, and oxamyl), four fungicides (carbendazim, imazalil, metalaxyl, and thiabendazole), and three herbicides (diuron, linuron, and terbutryn); eight of them presented risk quotients RQ >1, which implies a high risk for the environment. The water quality evaluation included fourteen physicochemical and microbiological parameters, out of which thermotolerant coliforms, nitrate, and total phosphorus exceeded a selected threshold value in every sample. Five metals were also included in the evaluation, Pb was the most frequent, followed by few detections of Cd, Cu, and Cr. Four water quality indexes (WQIs) were applied, two of them, the CCME WQI, based on physicochemical parameters, and the BMWP-CR WQI, based on benthic macroinvertebrate recount adapted to Costa Rican species, categorized all the sampling points as "bad" and "very bad" quality. This work of monitoring is important in the Latin American region, where there is a lack of information for regulation improvement and management decisions. These results showed poor management of the micro-catchments in this agricultural rural area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta E Pérez-Villanueva
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Juan S Chin-Pampillo
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Paula Aguilar-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ana P Guzmán
- Área de Acueductos, Municipalidad de Cartago, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Masís-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Víctor Arias-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Didier Ramírez-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
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23
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Schmidt M, López VT, Tobías M, Grinberg E, Merlinsky G. Social and environmental conflicts caused by agrochemical use in Salta, Santiago del Estero and Santa Fe, Argentina. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:1061-1072. [PMID: 35293444 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022273.04852021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to contribute to the understanding and visibility of conflicts and disputes over the use of agrochemicals in the provinces of Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero and Salta, in Argentina. Secondary information sources were gathered and systematized to perform a first contextual analysis of regulatory frameworks, public policies and the emergence of social construction processes related to environmental and health risks. This analysis revolved around three dimensions: a regulatory dimension, a political-institutional dimension, and a territorial-health dimension. In all three jurisdictions, there are specific laws that govern the use of agrochemicals and certain institutionalization intended to implement, control and monitor them. However, similarly to what has happened at the regional and international levels, the study revealed multiple conflict situations and/or events that call environmental and health impacts into question. Agrochemical use policy is shattered into multiple regulations, institutions and levels of competence, a framework in which health and environmental policies are left behind. Despite some progress, there is no official recognition of the health and environmental damage caused by the use of agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Schmidt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Pres. José Evaristo Uriburu 950. C1114 AAD, Buenos Aires Argentina.
| | - Virginia Toledo López
- Instituto de Estudios para el Desarrollo Social, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Santiago del Estero Argentina
| | - Melina Tobías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Pres. José Evaristo Uriburu 950. C1114 AAD, Buenos Aires Argentina.
| | - Ezequiel Grinberg
- Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Pres. José Evaristo Uriburu 950. C1114 AAD, Buenos Aires Argentina.
| | - Gabriela Merlinsky
- Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Pres. José Evaristo Uriburu 950. C1114 AAD, Buenos Aires Argentina.
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Vazquez ND, Chierichetti MA, Acuña FH, Miglioranza KSB. Organochlorine pesticides and chlorpyrifos in the sea anemone Bunodosoma zamponii (Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from Argentina's southeastern coast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150824. [PMID: 34655629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Temporal and spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos, one of the main insecticides used in Argentina, was evaluated in two populations of the sea anemone Bunodosoma zamponii living under different anthropological stressors: Las Delicias (LD) adjacent to a wastewater plant, and Punta Cantera (PC) a reference site. Pesticides were analyzed throughout the year in water, sediments and whole organisms. Chlorpyrifos represented 50% of the total pesticide found in water samples during winter. HCHs and drins were predominant in sediment samples, mainly in LD. Total pesticide concentration in anemones from LD was higher than those from PC during winter (mainly associated with HCHs, endosulfans, DDTs and chlorpyrifos levels), coincident with the main period of effluent discharge to the coast after pesticide applications and also the rainiest season. Dissimilarities among anemones populations could stem from a differential input of pesticides in each site and/or a contrasting physiological status of the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D Vazquez
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Melisa A Chierichetti
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Fabián H Acuña
- Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Estación Científica Coiba (Coiba-AIP), Clayton, Panamá, Panama
| | - Karina S B Miglioranza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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25
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Peluso J, Furió Lanuza A, Pérez Coll CS, Aronzon CM. Synergistic effects of glyphosate- and 2,4-D-based pesticides mixtures on Rhinella arenarum larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14443-14452. [PMID: 34617223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate and 2,4-D are two herbicides commonly used together. Since there is little information about the interactions between these pesticides, the aim of this study was to evaluate the single and joint lethal toxicity of the glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) ATANOR® (43.8% of glyphosate, isopropylamine salt) and the 2,4-D-based herbicide (2,4-DBH) Así Max 50® (602000 mg/L of 2,4-D) on Rhinella arenarum larvae. Equitoxic and non-equitoxic mixtures were prepared according to the recommendation for their combination and analyzed with a fixed ratio design at different exposure times and levels of lethality (LC10, LC50, and LC90). GBH (504h-LC50=38.67 mg ae/L) was significantly more toxic than 2,4-DBH (504h-LC50=250.31 mg ae/L) and their toxicity was time-dependent. At 48h, the equitoxic mixture toxicity was additive and from the 96h was antagonistic at LC10 and LC50 effect level. The non-equitoxic mixture toxicity was additive at LC10 effect level from the 48h to the 168h, and synergistic from the 240h. At LC50 and LC90 effect level, the mixture interaction resulted synergistic for all exposure times. This is the first study to report the synergistic interactions between GBH and 2,4-DBH on amphibians, alerting about its negative impact on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Peluso
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM-CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Furió Lanuza
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM-CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina S Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM-CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM-CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lavarías SML, Colpo KD, Landro SM, Ambrosio ES, Rodrigues Capítulo A, Arrighetti F. Deleterious effects of two pesticide formulations with different toxicological mechanisms in the hepatopancreas of a freshwater prawn. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131920. [PMID: 34426275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of the pyrethroid cypermethrin (CYP) and the last generation pesticide spirotetramat (STM) on the prawn Macrobrachium borellii. Initially, the 96-h LC50 was determined in adult prawns. Then, prawns were exposed to sublethal concentrations of pesticides (5% and 20% of the 96-h LC50 values) for four days and hepatopancreas were dissected for biomarkers analyses. Total protein and uric acid content, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein oxidation (PO) were evaluated. Additionally, the presence of histopathological changes, lipofuscins, and neutral lipids accumulation were analyzed. The 96-h LC50 values were 0.12 μg/L and 8.2 mg/L for CYP and STM, respectively. The total proteins and uric acid content were not significantly affected by the treatments (p > 0.05). STM significantly affected the GST activity only at the highest concentration (p < 0.001). However, LPO and OP levels were affected by the lowest concentrations of both pesticides (p < 0.003). CYP and STM caused dose-dependent histological damage as was indicated by the histopathological index. The accumulation of lipofuscins showed a dose-dependent response, while the neutral lipids were significantly accumulated in the prawns exposed to the lowest concentration of both pesticides (p < 0.001). The integrated biomarker index (IBRv2) results indicated that the histological parameters represented the most sensitive biomarkers in M. borellii exposed to CYP and STM. Besides, the pyrethroid showed the highest response at concentration ranges that could be present in its natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M L Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - K D Colpo
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - S M Landro
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - E S Ambrosio
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Rodrigues Capítulo
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - F Arrighetti
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
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Verzeñassi D, Enríquez L, Vallini A, Keppl G. Soberanía Alimentaria, una estrategia terapéutica para recuperar la salud ante el avance del extractivismo agroindustrial. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-11042022e221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Las formas de extractivismos se multiplican y diversifican, transformando de manera radical los territorios donde se instalan, como expresión del pensamiento de la modernidad insostenible y del pensamiento colonialista. Esto nos ha llevado a una crisis ambiental-civilizatoria con diversas expresiones en sus distintos campos. Dentro de los mismos, se encuentran las tensiones y desafíos al interior del campo del conocimiento científico académico. En el artículo se describen y analizan los aportes de la perspectiva de la Ecología Política Latinoamericana y la Salud Colectiva, a través de las categorías de Territorio, Salud Socioambiental, y Soberanía Alimentaria para la comprensión de los procesos salud-enfermedad-atención-cuidado en los contextos actuales.
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28
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López González E, Odetti L, Latorre M, Ávila O, Contini L, Siroski P, Poletta G. A comprehensive approach using multiple biomarkers to detect damage induced by pesticides in broad-snouted caiman ( Caiman latirostris) under ex-situ conditions. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08667. [PMID: 35028453 PMCID: PMC8741443 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Caiman latirostris is one of the two species of the order Crocodylia that inhabit Argentina and is considered a species of vital ecological and economic importance in the north-east of Argentina. In this region, pesticides are the most common contaminants in natural environments and wild caiman populations are subject to this contamination constantly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects the main pesticides used in the region: glyphosate (GLY), cypermethrin (CYP) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) -based formulations, as well as the mixture of them, on C. latirostris juveniles under semi-controlled condition of exposure (ex-situ) during 75 days. One hundred yearling caimans (10-month-old) were equally distributed into five experimental groups (20 animals per group): a negative control (NC -tap water), GLY 2% (Roundup® Full II formulation -RU), CYP 0.12% (Atanor® formulation), CPF 0.8% (Lorsban® formulation), and a mixture of the three pesticides (Mx3: GLY 2% + CYP 0.12% + CPF 0.8%). We applied early warning biomarkers to detect damage induced by these chemicals in peripheral blood: activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), analysis of lipid peroxidation (LPO) by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), DNA damage and specific base oxidation through the standard and modified comet assay (CA), chromosome damage by micronucleus (MN) test and other nuclear abnormalities (NAs), hematological and growth parameters. Results showed a statistically significant increase in MN and NAs frequency, DNA damage, with an important contribution of base oxidation for all exposed groups compared to the NC. Total white blood cells count (TWBCC), and growth parameters showed effects mainly at the Mx3. The principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated more sensitivity for biomarkers associated to genetic damage, including base oxidation to DNA than LPO, antioxidant enzyme modulation, immunotoxicity or growth parameters, to detect pesticides effects, applied under conditions similar to that found in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.C. López González
- Proyecto Yacaré, Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/Gob. Sta. Fe/MAyCC), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Aplicada (LEMA-Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas: ICiVet Litoral - CONICET/UNL), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L.M. Odetti
- Cátedra de Toxicología Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M.A. Latorre
- Proyecto Yacaré, Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/Gob. Sta. Fe/MAyCC), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - O.B. Ávila
- Departamento de Matemática, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L.E. Contini
- Departamento de Matemática, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - P.A. Siroski
- Proyecto Yacaré, Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/Gob. Sta. Fe/MAyCC), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Aplicada (LEMA-Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas: ICiVet Litoral - CONICET/UNL), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G.L. Poletta
- Proyecto Yacaré, Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/Gob. Sta. Fe/MAyCC), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
- Cátedra de Toxicología Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
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29
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Mac Loughlin TM, Peluso ML, Marino DJG. Multiple pesticides occurrence, fate, and environmental risk assessment in a small horticultural stream of Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149893. [PMID: 34474294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Peri-urban horticulture is crucial to local populations, but a global paucity of information exists regarding the contamination of the associated waterways because of this activity. The aim of this study was to assess pesticide pollution of surface water, suspended particulate matter and bottom sediments from the Carnaval Creek Basin (La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina) - a representative system of waterways surrounded by horticultural production - by over 40 selected herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides by gas-chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Six sampling campaigns were conducted biannually from 2015 to 2017. Glyphosate and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid (AMPA), surprisingly, were the most frequently detected pesticides, in concentrations comparable to those reported in areas with genetically modified extensive crops (maximum in water, 20.04 and 4.86 μg·L-1; in sediment, 1146.5 and 4032.7 μg·kgdw-1, respectively). The insecticides chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin were detected in more than 30% of the samples. The concentrations tended to greatly exceed those previously reported - by up to more than 800 times for chlorpyrifos in water (maximum 2.645 μg·L-1) and more than 400 times for lambda-cyhalothrin in sediments (maximum 2607.7 μg·kgdw-1). The total pesticide concentration in surface water was found to be influenced by precipitation regimes but was independent of the season of the year, with precipitations of more than 140 mm diluting the pesticide concentrations to levels below detection limits. An environmental risk assessment performed with the pesticide concentrations of pesticides in surface water revealed that the surrounding horticultural activity posed a high risk for aquatic biota, with 30% of the samples exceeding the threshold value by more than a thousand times. We conclude that pesticides from horticultural use are a major threat to small streams and their biodiversity. This work provides valuable information that is scarce regarding the impact on watercourses exclusively as a consequence of horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás M Mac Loughlin
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Leticia Peluso
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián J G Marino
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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30
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Peluso J, Pérez Coll CS, Cristos D, Rojas DE, Aronzon CM. Comprehensive assessment of water quality through different approaches: Physicochemical and ecotoxicological parameters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149510. [PMID: 34391159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, water quality was assessed by physicochemical parameters. However, a more comprehensive analysis is needed to study the effects of polluted water bodies on key species over time. So, the aim of this study was to monitor through physicochemical and ecotoxicological indicators the surface water quality of four study sites with different land uses from the lower Paraná river basin (Argentina) during spring and summer of two years: Morejón stream (S1), De la Cruz stream upstream (S2), downstream (S3) and Arrecifes river (S4). Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ and in laboratory, and a Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated. Chronic toxicity bioassays were performed with surface water samples using Rhinella arenarum embryos and larvae. Also, oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation), neurotoxicity (butyrylcholinesterase) and genotoxicity (micronuclei frequency) biomarkers were measured at acute exposure, and an Integrated Biomarkers Response (IBR) index was calculated. The water quality varied between excellent and bad in S1, good and bad in S2 and S3, and bad and marginal in S4. S1 presented the greatest variability of pesticides and S4 the highest number of metals exceeding the limits for the local protection of aquatic life. Mainly, S4 caused lethality in R. arenarum larvae, reaching a maximum mortality of 83.3% at 504 h of exposure. The lethal toxicity of S1 and S2 varied between periods. Water samples from all sites altered the oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity biomarkers, and the IBR was negatively correlated with the WQI. The IBR reflected the effects of the degraded water quality on the exposed organisms. So, the importance of evaluating both physicochemical and ecotoxicological parameters to analyze integrally the water quality of polluted areas is highlighted. A degradation of the studied water bodies and its negative impact to the native amphibian R. arenarum were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Peluso
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Cristina S Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Diego Cristos
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de los Alimentos, Argentina
| | - Dante E Rojas
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de los Alimentos, Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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31
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Andrée DC, Marie Anne Eurie F, Niels DT, Isabel GA, Arne D, Wout VE, Lenin RF, Jasmine DR, Liesbeth J, Pieter S, Luis DG, Peter L M G. From field to plate: Agricultural pesticide presence in the guayas estuary (Ecuador) and commercial mangrove crabs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117955. [PMID: 34435567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are unique coastal ecosystems, located in tropical and subtropical regions. Yet, the functioning of these essential ecosystems is threatened by the presence of pollutants, including pesticides originating from agricultural activities. We investigated pesticide residues in the Guayas estuarine environment, since agricultural activities rapidly increased in the Guayas river basin over the past decades. A multi-residue analysis involving a selection of 88 pesticides was performed on the white meat and the hepatopancreas of the red mangrove crab (Ucides Occidentalis) at 15 sampling sites within the Guayas estuary along with water, sediment, and leaves samples. We found that 35 active compounds were present in the Guayas estuary, of which pyrimethanil was most commonly detected and had the highest concentrations in almost all compartments. Also, cadusafos was present in all studied compartments of the Guayas mangrove system and several prohibited pesticides (including carbendazim, carbofuran, and parathion) were detected. An ecotoxicological and probabilistic consumer risk assessment pointed out that current butachlor, carbendazim, and fludioxonil concentrations can cause adverse effects in aquatic organisms in the long term. Moreover, high potential acute and chronic risks of cadusafos residues on aquatic invertebrates and of diuron on algae in the Guayas wetlands were observed. Still, the exposure results indicated that the health risk for the consumers of the commercial red mangrove crab is low concerning cadusafos, chlorpyrifos, diuron, linuron, and pyrimethanil residues in crab tissues. The findings presented in this research can provide a useful basis for local water managers and environmental conservation groups to act and reduce the usage of pesticides, to avoid threatening aquatic and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Cock Andrée
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Forio Marie Anne Eurie
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - De Troyer Niels
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Garcia Arevalo Isabel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Ifremer, Centre Atlantique, F-44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Deknock Arne
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Van Echelpoel Wout
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riascos Flores Lenin
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - De Rop Jasmine
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacxsens Liesbeth
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Spanoghe Pieter
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominguez Granda Luis
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Goethals Peter L M
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Nandhini AR, Harshiny M, Gummadi SN. Chlorpyrifos in environment and food: a critical review of detection methods and degradation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1255-1277. [PMID: 34553733 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00178g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a class of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, which find extensive applications as acaricide, insecticide and termiticide. The use of CP has been indicated in environmental contamination and disturbance in the biogeochemical cycles. CP has been reported to be neurotoxic and has a detrimental effect on immunological and psychological health. Therefore, it is necessary to design and develop effective degradation methods for the removal of CP from the environment. In the past few years, physicochemical (advanced oxidation process) and biological treatment approaches have been widely employed for the pesticide removal. However, the byproducts of this process are more toxic than the parent compound and along with an incomplete degradation of CP. This review focuses on the toxicity of CP, the sources of contamination, degradation pathways, physicochemical, biological, and nano-technology based methods employed for the degradation of CP. In addition, consolidated information on various detection methods and materials used for the detection have been provided in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Nandhini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India
| | - M Harshiny
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
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Casallanovo F, Simone DM, Santos GS, de Oliveira Kaminski TS, Cione AP, Peranginangin N. Estimating pesticide environmental concentrations in Latin America: The importance of developing local scenarios. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:901-904. [PMID: 33491862 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Data to assess pesticide exposure in soil and water are scarce and unevenly distributed in Latin America, especially due to the size of the region and the vast agricultural landscape. This makes it difficult to assess associated environmental risks. We suggest that the lack of pesticide exposure or monitoring data can be addressed by using validated models to provide estimated pesticide exposure concentrations in soil and water bodies. This exposure modeling approach has been used by regulatory agencies in other countries and regions such as the United States, Canada, and the European Union. In order to properly estimate pesticide exposure concentrations, we advocate for the development of local scenarios containing local weather, soil, and crop data to be used in the existing models. A sensitivity analysis of the models can be performed to determine parameters that are sensitive and therefore inputs to these parameters are derived locally. We believe the development of local scenarios in the region is attainable and can be a pragmatic approach for developing a more comprehensive picture of potential pesticide exposure in the region. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:901-904. © 2021 Syngenta Proteção de Cultivos Ltda.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paola Cione
- Syngenta Proteção de Cultivos Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fernández C, Asselborn V, Parodi ER. Toxic effects of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and glyphosate on the non-target organism Selenastrum capricornutum (Chlorophyta). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20200233. [PMID: 34378759 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120200233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxic effects of the insecticides chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin, and the herbicide glyphosate on the growth, biovolume and ultrastructure of the green microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum were evaluated. Concentrations between 9.37-150 mg L-1 of chlorpyrifos, 3.12-100 mg L-1 of cypermethrin and 4.7-60 mg L-1 of glyphosate were assayed along with a control culture. The assayed concentrations were prepared using commercial formulations. After 48 h all tested concentrations of the three pesticides reduced significantly the population growth. The 96 h effective concentration 50 (EC50) was 14.45 mg L-1 for chlorpyrifos, 12.37 mg L-1 for cypermethrin and 15.60 mg L-1 for glyphosate. Cells exposed to the three pesticides showed an increase in the cellular size related to the increase in pesticide concentration and exposure time. The most significant damages observed on the ultrastructure of cells exposed to the three pesticides included thylakoids and mitochondria disruption, formation of electrodense bodies, accumulation of lipids and increase in the size and number of starch granules. The present study demonstrates that the effects of pesticides also extend to non-target organisms having significant ecological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fernández
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, Camino Carrindanga 7.5 Km, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Centro de Emprendedorismo y Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible (CEDETS), Universidad Provincial del Sudoeste (UPSO) - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Ciudad de Cali 320, B8003FTH Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Viviana Asselborn
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000FTN, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Elisa R Parodi
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) - CONICET, Camino Carrindanga 7.5 Km, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000FTN, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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35
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Andrade VS, Gutierrez MF, Reno U, Popielarz A, Gervasio S, Gagneten AM. Synergy between glyphosate and cypermethrin formulations on zooplankton: evidences from a single-specie test and a community mesocosm experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26885-26894. [PMID: 33495956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals can reach freshwater bodies by drift, leaching, or runoff, where they constitute complex mixtures. Given that glyphosate and cypermethrin are within the most worldwide used pesticides, they are likely to co-occur in freshwater bodies. The aim of this study was to analyze the interaction between glyphosate and cypermethrin formulations on the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia (Richard 1894) through an acute toxicity test and on a zooplankton assemblage through a mesocosm (30 L) experiment. The 24-h LC50 of both isolated pesticides and their equitoxic mixture was obtained for C. dubia. The mesocosm was performed by exposing a zooplankton assemblage to both pesticides isolated and in combination. The acute toxicity of the equitoxic mixture in C. dubia was 3 and 4 times higher than the isolated toxicity of glyphosate and cypermethrin, respectively. The total toxic units of the mixture were 0.53, indicating a synergistic interaction. In the mesocosm experiment, both pesticides also interacted causing a synergistic negative effect in Cladocera and Copepoda abundances. No interactions between pesticides were found for Rotifera; therefore, the mixture effect was considered additive. It is suggested to continue analyzing pesticide mixture effects on the basis of complementary scales of analysis to reach more environmentally relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Soledad Andrade
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Gutierrez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET - UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ulises Reno
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Popielarz
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología (INTEC - CONICET - UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana Gervasio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología (INTEC - CONICET - UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana María Gagneten
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Negro CL, Estrubia JF, Rivera F, Collins P. Effects of Chlorpyrifos Over Reproductive Traits of Three Sympatric Freshwater Crustaceans. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:759-764. [PMID: 33754160 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to environmentally relevant chlorpyrifos concentrations (0.03, 0.06 and 0.12 µg chlorpyrifos L-1) causes increases in precopulatory guardian behavior time, amplexus reformulation after exposure and in the number of ovigerous females in the amphipod Hyalella curvispina. Effects in incubation period, effective hatching and median lethal concentration on the decapods Macrobrachium borellii and Aegla uruguayana, both in adults and embryos, were achieved at higher concentrations than those found in the environment. Environmentally relevant chlorpyrifos concentrations appear not to affect decapods but several effects in reproductive traits of amphipods were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Negro
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Paraje El Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Escuela Superior de Sanidad, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL Paraje El Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - J F Estrubia
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Paraje El Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - F Rivera
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Paraje El Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - P Collins
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Paraje El Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Sanidad, Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL Paraje El Pozo s/n, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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37
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Peluso J, Pérez Coll CS, Aronzon CM. In situ exposure of amphibian larvae (Rhinella fernandezae) to assess water quality by means of oxidative stress biomarkers in water bodies with different anthropic influences. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129598. [PMID: 33465620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ bioassays provide valuable information about the environment and offer more realistic results than usual laboratory experiments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of water bodies from the lower Paraná River basin, the second most important in South America, through analysis of physiochemical parameters, metals and pesticides and in situ exposure of Rhinella fernandezae larvae to assess oxidative stress biomarkers. The sites were: S1(Morejón stream, reference); S2, S3(De la Cruz stream upstream and downstream, respectively) and S4(Arrecifes River). In all sites, dissolved oxygen was low, atrazine was detected and Cu was higher than the limit for aquatic life protection. According to the water quality index, S2, S3 and S4 presented bad water quality, while S1 good water quality. Larvae were exposed in situ for 96h in order to analyze: lipid peroxidation(TBARS) as oxidative damage, antioxidant enzymatic (catalase-CAT-, superoxide dismutase-SOD- and glutathione s-transferase-GST-) and non-enzymatic defenses (reduced glutathione-GSH-). Larvae exposed in the most impacted sites (S2, S3 and S4) presented oxidative stress since the levels of TBARS were around 2 times higher than in S1. Also, the other oxidative stress biomarkers were altered in larvae exposed at S2, S3 and S4. These results highlight the importance of analyzing oxidative stress biomarkers during in situ exposures since they are useful tools for documenting the extent of exposure at sublethal levels. The complex pollution of the water bodies affected the exposed larvae, which may jeopardize the native populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Peluso
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA. Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Cristina S Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA. Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA. Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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38
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Duarte-Restrepo E, Noguera-Oviedo K, Butryn D, Wallace JS, Aga DS, Jaramillo-Colorado BE. Spatial distribution of pesticides, organochlorine compounds, PBDEs, and metals in surface marine sediments from Cartagena Bay, Colombia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:14632-14653. [PMID: 33216302 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cartagena Bay is an estuarine system located in the Caribbean Sea (Colombia, South America), that receives fresh water from Canal del Dique, which is connected to the Magdalena River, the most important river of Colombia, with some of the most prominent Colombian cities located in its watershed, which has a high sediment yield. An analysis of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals was carried out on marine sediments from Cartagena Bay. Cartagena Bay sediments deployed the occurrence of total levels of pesticides (thiocarbamates, bromacil, triazines, organochlorines, and organophosphorus), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in sediments ranging from 0.83-33.67 ng/g dry-weight, 0.05-0.34 ng/g dry-weight, and 0.06-19.58 ng/g dry-weight, respectively. Their concentrations were lower than those reported in NOAA Screening Quick Reference Tables. DDTs and PCBs are banned organochlorine compounds, since, even at low levels, their presence in sediments represents a threat to aquatic organisms and, therefore, to human health through the trophic chain. Sediments showed high concentrations of strontium (50-959.6 mg/kg). All metals evaluated in the marine sediments were found in the S6 sampling point; this was near tannery and hydrocarbon industries (Pb 37.1 mg/kg, Cr 137.2 mg/kg, Cd 1.7 mg/kg, Cu 64.4 mg/kg, As 13.1 mg/kg, Sr 318.9 mg/kg); these results exceeded the accepted values of threshold effect levels (TEL) used as an indicator of their potential risk on marine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edisson Duarte-Restrepo
- Agrochemical Research Group, Chemistry Program, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Doctoral Program in Environmental Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia
| | - Katia Noguera-Oviedo
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 611 Natural Science Complex, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Deena Butryn
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 611 Natural Science Complex, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Joshua S Wallace
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 611 Natural Science Complex, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Diana S Aga
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 611 Natural Science Complex, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| | - Beatriz E Jaramillo-Colorado
- Agrochemical Research Group, Chemistry Program, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
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Brodeur JC, Poletta GL, Simoniello MF, Carriquiriborde P, Cristos DS, Pautasso N, Paravani E, Poliserpi MB, D'Andrea MF, Gonzalez PV, Aca VL, Curto AE. The problem with implementing fish farms in agricultural regions: A trial in a pampean pond highlights potential risks to both human and fish health. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128408. [PMID: 33182150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The safety of creating fish farms in agricultural settings was evaluated by growing Piaractus mesopotamicus in a pond, while crops where cultivated in a nearby field under a pesticide application regime typical of the Pampa region. Atrazine, glyphosate and its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), were detected in the water of the pond at concentrations ranging between 92 and 118 μg/L for atrazine, 12 and 221 μg/L for glyphosate and 21 and 117 μg/L for AMPA. Atrazine and malathion were detected in fish muscles at concentrations ranging between 70 and 105 μg/kg for atrazine and 8.6 and 23.7 μg/kg for malathion. Compared to fish raised in a pisciculture, fish from the agricultural pond presented reduced values of pack cell volume, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, together with significantly greater cholinesterase activity in both plasma and liver and reduced glutathione-S-transferase activity in the liver. A comet assay also demonstrated that P. mesopotamicus from the agricultural pond presented a significantly greater level of DNA damage in both erythrocytes and gill cells. Overall, the present study demonstrates that pisciculture ponds established in an agricultural setting may receive pesticides applied to nearby cultures and that these pesticides may be taken up by the fish and affect their physiology and health. The accumulation of pesticides residues in fish flesh may also present a risk to human consumers and should be closely controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Gisela L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Littoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - M Fernanda Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Littoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pedro Carriquiriborde
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM) Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Diego S Cristos
- Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria (CIA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nestor Pautasso
- Estacion Experimental Paraná, Centro Regional Entre Ríos, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 11, Km. 12.5 (3100), Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Enrique Paravani
- Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M Belen Poliserpi
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Florencia D'Andrea
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Patricia V Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM) Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana López Aca
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambiente (CIM) Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro E Curto
- Dirección Centro Regional Entre Ríos, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 11, Km. 12.5 (3100), Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina
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40
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Yuan J, Zheng Y, Gu Z. Effects of cypermethrin on the hepatic transcriptome and proteome of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128060. [PMID: 33297066 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) is a synthetic pyrethroid broadly used for pest control, however, it is extremely toxic to aquatic organisms. To assess the toxicity of CYP in red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, transcriptional and proteomic approaches combining two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry were used to compare the hepatic expression profiles. A total of 41,349 unigenes and 8839 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, which were enriched in the process. The category of 779 (0.625 ng L-1 CYP vs Con), 1963 (1.25 vs Con), and 2066 (1.25 vs 0.625) DEGs were screened. All findings suggested that CYP can induce antioxidant and biotransformation modulation variations in C. quadricarinatus to resist immunotoxicity and oxidative damages. The category of 196 (0.625 ng L-1 CYP vs Con) specific proteins were differentially expressed: 24 proteins were upregulated, and 20 proteins were downregulated relative to CYP. Protein identification indicated the KEGG pathways of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, insulin signaling pathway, and influenza A enriched. From the differential expression of the selected nine proteins, the increased Loc113824800, Rps19, Atp2, Rps10, Hsp40, Brafldraft_124327, and the decreased Loc117331934, Loc113213835, and Loc106806551 revealed. While for the verification of the eight genes in transcriptome and the above nine genes in proteomic, specifically, gpx5, ggt, loc106458463, chelonianin decreased in the 0.625 ng L-1 CYP group. The transcripts of loc113816050, akr1d1 and gst, chelonianin and loc108675455 decreased and increased in the 1.25 ng L-1 CYP group, respectively. The present study reflects the overall change in cellular structure and metabolism related to the resistance of pyrethroid insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julin Yuan
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Fishery Eco-Evironment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors(Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214081, China
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China.
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41
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Ramírez-Morales D, Pérez-Villanueva ME, Chin-Pampillo JS, Aguilar-Mora P, Arias-Mora V, Masís-Mora M. Pesticide occurrence and water quality assessment from an agriculturally influenced Latin-American tropical region. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127851. [PMID: 32781333 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A monitoring study was carried out in three agriculturally influenced microcatchments in Costa Rica during 2012-2014, for pesticides and water quality parameters. A total of 42 pesticides were analyzed, detecting the following in water samples: two herbicides (oxyfluorfen, diuron), four insecticides (carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, oxamyl, ethion), and two fungicides (thiabendazole, carbendazim); while in sediment samples only the insecticides, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were found. Water quality was also assessed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index and the National Sanitation Water Quality Index, the first one classified most of the sampling point as marginal and poor quality while the second one classified most of them as good quality, the most affected parameters were nitrate, phosphorous, suspended solids and organic matter content. The results suggest that the water quality in the microcatchments seems to be affected by the nearby agricultural and urban activities in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Ramírez-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marta E Pérez-Villanueva
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Juan S Chin-Pampillo
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Paula Aguilar-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Víctor Arias-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Masís-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
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Rutkoski CF, Macagnan N, Folador A, Skovronski VJ, do Amaral AMB, Leitemperger JW, Costa MD, Hartmann PA, Müller C, Loro VL, Hartmann MT. Cypermethrin- and fipronil-based insecticides cause biochemical changes in Physalaemus gracilis tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4377-4387. [PMID: 32940837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides used for agricultural pest control, as cypermethrin-based insecticide (CBI) and fipronil-based insecticide (FBI), are constant threats to non-target aquatic organisms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of cypermethrin and fipronil on neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in Physalaemus gracilis. Physalaemus gracilis tadpoles were exposed to five insecticide concentrations and a control treatment, with six replicates. During the experimental period, the tadpole mortality rate was evaluated and after 168 h, the neurotoxic enzyme activity and metabolite quantification related to the antioxidant system were measured. Tadpoles reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities when exposed to 20 μg L-1 CBI and at all FBI concentrations, respectively. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities showed an increase from concentrations of 6 μg L-1 and 20 μg L-1 of CBI, respectively. After exposure of P. gracilis tadpoles to FBI, inhibitions of AChE and BChE were observed at the highest concentrations evaluated (500 and 1500 μg L-1). SOD activity decreased from 50 μg L-1 of FBI; however, catalase (CAT) and GST activities and carbonyl protein levels increased, regardless of the evaluated dose. We observed that both insecticides promoted oxidative stress and neurotoxic effects in P. gracilis tadpoles. These results suggest that biochemical biomarkers can be used for monitoring toxicity insecticides for the purpose of preservation of P. gracilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Rutkoski
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS 135 - Km 72, no 200, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil.
| | - Natani Macagnan
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS 135 - Km 72, no 200, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Folador
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS 135 - Km 72, no 200, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
| | - Vrandrieli J Skovronski
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS 135 - Km 72, no 200, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
| | - Aline M B do Amaral
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Av Roraima, no 1423, Camobi, RS, 97.105-340, Brazil
| | - Jossiele Wesz Leitemperger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Av Roraima, no 1423, Camobi, RS, 97.105-340, Brazil
| | - Maiara Dorneles Costa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Av Roraima, no 1423, Camobi, RS, 97.105-340, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Hartmann
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS 135 - Km 72, no 200, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline Müller
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS 135 - Km 72, no 200, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
| | - Vania L Loro
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Av Roraima, no 1423, Camobi, RS, 97.105-340, Brazil
| | - Marilia T Hartmann
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS 135 - Km 72, no 200, Erechim, RS, 99.700-000, Brazil
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43
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Bonifacio AF, Zambrano MJ, Hued AC. Integrated ecotoxicological assessment of the complex interactions between chlorpyrifos and glyphosate on a non-target species Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127782. [PMID: 32750624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide mixtures are frequent in freshwaters systems around the world, threatening the biota exposed to these conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the single and joint effect of two widely used pesticides in southern South America on a widely distributed fish species. In a 96-h assay, individuals of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus were exposed to 0.84 nL/L and 8.4 nL/L of Clorfox and 0.2 mg/L and 2 mg/L of Roundup Max, commercial formulations of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate, respectively. Also, there were four mixture treatments with all the possible combinations of both pesticides. A multi-level approach was carried out to assess their effects covering the following relevant biomarkers: behavior (immobile time, line crossings and average speed), somatic conditions (Fulton condition factor and hepatosomatic index), serum parameters (cortisol levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase activity (CPK)), brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase and cytological characteristics (micronuclei frequency and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes). Our results showed that Clorfox exposures affect behavioral parameters, serum cortisol, and nuclear characteristics of erythrocytes. Roundup Max affects only the cortisol levels whereas mixture treatments have an effect on behavioral parameters, cortisol levels, LDH and CPK activities, and nuclear characteristics of erythrocytes. Potentiation was the main interaction at the lowest concentrations of both pesticides whereas antagonism occurred at the highest concentrations of both pesticides. These results are highly significant since they arise from an integrated ecotoxicological assessment at several levels of biological organization but even more important is that the potentiated effects of the mixtures we registered are environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejo Fabian Bonifacio
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Diversidad Animal II, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Micaela Jimena Zambrano
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Diversidad Animal II, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Cecilia Hued
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Diversidad Animal II, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina.
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Gutierrez MF, Simões NR, Frau D, Saigo M, Licursi M. Responses of stream zooplankton diversity metrics to eutrophication and temporal environmental variability in agricultural catchments. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:792. [PMID: 33242179 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication of rivers and streams in agricultural lands is one of the main threats for biodiversity and ecosystem functions. This study was focused on seven subtropical streams where agriculture is the predominant land use. We tested the hypothesis that (i) eutrophication causes a decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity of zooplankton, leading to potential consequences for the ecosystem integrity. Furthermore, given that the temporal variability in the environmental conditions of each stream may influence the species sorting mechanisms, we also hypothesized that (ii) streams with higher temporal environmental variability have greater taxonomic and functional alpha (α) and temporal beta (βt) diversity measures regardless of the trophic state. Thus, we characterized the streams according to their trophic state and analyzed the zooplankton composition, α and βt by using taxonomic and functional perspectives. We found differences in the zooplankton composition between mesotrophic and eutrophic streams. However, eutrophic streams supported similar taxonomic and functional α diversity and similar taxonomic βt diversity to mesotrophic ones. These results were mainly explained by the occurrence of rare species occupying different temporal niches in eutrophic systems. On the contrary, functional βt diversity was lower in the eutrophic streams, being nestedness the ecological mechanisms underlying the variability in the zooplankton functional groups. Streams with higher temporal environmental variability supported greater α taxonomic diversity. However, the βt diversity metrics showed no correlation with the environmental variability, suggesting that the environmental filters of the studied systems were the overriding determinants of species turnover. Our study suggests that both taxonomic and functional perspectives should be considered to improve our knowledge on the biotic responses to environmental changes. Also, among all metrics analyzed on the zooplankton community, functional βt diversity was the most sensitive indicator of the eutrophication impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo", Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Nadson R Simões
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais Rod. Ilhéus - Vitória da Conquista, km 39, BR 415, Ferradas, Itabuna, Bahia, 45613-204, Brazil
| | - Diego Frau
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Miguel Saigo
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Licursi
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Vryzas Z, Ramwell C, Sans C. Pesticide prioritization approaches and limitations in environmental monitoring studies: From Europe to Latin America and the Caribbean. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105917. [PMID: 32619916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Assessment and management of issues related to pesticide residues, such as environmental fate, monitoring and toxicity, are complex and, in many cases, require costly studies. The early establishment of a priority list of pesticides that should be monitored and assigned to a restricted-use policy is an important issue of post-registration Risk Assessment (RA). Various pesticide registration approaches have been adopted by different countries with those from Europe and the USA being the most popular, constituting the major prototypes for registration approaches in other countries. Adoption of pesticide registration and monitoring systems developed in Europe or USA by Latin American and Caribbean countries may underestimate factors affecting the environmental fate and toxicity of pesticides in their own countries. Incentive for this short review was the activities undertaken during the three KNOWPEC workshops held in Costa Rica, Argentina and Bolivia where European pesticide experts met Latin American experience in the form of Costa Rica's exceptional environmental conditions and ecology, Argentina's and Uruguay's soyisation and Bolivia's contrasting climate and agricultural zones. During the parallel activities of the workshop - including scientific presentations, field trips, interviews and meetings among European partners and pesticide stakeholders in Latin America, - the whole pesticide chain (import-export, trade, application, plant protection-efficacy, residues, monitoring, remediation and risk) was studied and clarified. Recently-published chemical prioritization studies were reviewed to consider their use as a tool to support risk assessments. Differences in regional practices are highlighted as regards to the establishment of RA or prioritization strategy in European and Latin American regimes. General guidance of establishing a cost-effective pesticide monitoring scheme in water bodies of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is also proposed. Moreover, we summarize the most important factors that should be taken into consideration for prioritization approaches and categorization used in pesticide environmental monitoring studies. Consideration of current RA approaches and limitations, and pesticide prioritization exercises highlighted in this Commentary could assist in the management of pesticides in Latin America and Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisis Vryzas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Pharmacology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestias, Greece.
| | | | - Carmen Sans
- Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Agost L, Velázquez GA. Crop proximity index for monitoring of peri-urban land use in agro-industrial crop regions. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04382. [PMID: 32671267 PMCID: PMC7350127 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The agro-industrial production of genetically modified organisms uses great amounts of pesticides, close to cities, which generates growing concern due to the numerous evidence of their negative effects on health and the environment. In a context of the lack, or inaccessibility, of official data on crop dynamics and pesticide use, environmental indicators using satellite data are needed for the proper monitoring of peri-urban areas. The objective of this research is to make a crop proximity index using satellite information to assess and monitor peri-urban agro-industrial activity. Twenty cities in Argentina and ten in the United States were selected. The CPI index is designed to evaluate a city and its peri-urban areas as a whole by taking account of the land uses and factors that can potentially influence the proximity to agro-industrial activity to the population living in those cities. Agriculture factor was weighted by proximity or remoteness using perimeter rings from the urban edge. All the necessary data for the calculation of the CPI index were obtained through the classification and processing of Sentinel 2 satellite images with software and the Google Earth Engine platform. The results show a worrying situation, 90% of cities in Argentina and 80% in the United States have a negative CPI. Most of the cities examined are extremely close to extensive areas of crops, that use a high amount of pesticides and which do not have the protection of trees or buffer zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Agost
- Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables (CERNAR) - IIByT CONICET- UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Angel Velázquez
- Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales (CONICET/UNCPBA) y Centro de Investigaciones Geográficas (FCH/UNCPBA), Pinto 399, CP 7000, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gutierrez MF, Molina FR, Frau D, Mayora G, Battauz Y. Interactive effects of fish predation and sublethal insecticide concentrations on freshwater zooplankton communities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110497. [PMID: 32247956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stresses imposed by insecticides and predators are possibly the most rigorous filters to which aquatic organisms are exposed in rivers and lakes associated with agricultural lands. However, their interactive effects on zooplankton communities are still unclear. This study elucidated the zooplankton community response to fish predation, the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CLP), and a combination of both factors, using a 30-day mesocosm experiment. The zooplankton assemblage was influenced by fish presence prior to CLP toxicity. Fish predation reduced microcrustacean density leading to a community dominated by microzooplankton (i.e.: rotifers and copepod nauplii). CLP decreased the species richness in treatments with and without fish, yielding an increase in the abundance of bdelloid rotifers, in the genera Lepadella and Trichocerca. The zooplankton:phytoplankton (<20 μm) ratio decreased substantially when the two stressors, fish predation and insecticide toxicity, were combined. Although CLP dissipated relatively rapidly in the aqueous phase and accumulated in sediment and fish tissue, zooplankton richness was unable to recover. A possible explanation for this could be the inhibitory effect of CLP on resting stage hatchings in the sediment. Therefore, the combined effects of fish predation and CLP might influence zooplankton richness, leading to an assemblage dominated by rotifers that appeared to be resistant to both factors, with a limited capability to control phytoplankton growth. Thus, the effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors should be considered together when assessing community dynamics in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Florencia Rojas Molina
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego Frau
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gisela Mayora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Yamila Battauz
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
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Arias M, Bonetto C, Mugni H. Sublethal effects on Simocephalus vetulus (Cladocera: Daphnidae) of pulse exposures of cypermethrin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110546. [PMID: 32251952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are among the most widely applied insecticides worldwide and cypermethrin is the pyrethroid most used in Argentina. Pesticides used in crops can reach adjacent watercourses through runoff and may lead to non-target fauna receiving toxic pulse exposures. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cypermethrin pulse exposures on the widely distributed crustacean Simocephalus vetulus. The 48h-LC50 of cypermethrin for S. vetulus was determined at 0.18 ± 0.09 μg/L. To assess the effects of cypermethrin under environmentally realistic exposures, two experiments were performed. In the first one, specimens were exposed for 90 min to cypermethrin at 0.02 (T1), 0.2 (T2) and 1 μg/L (T3), transferred to clean water and monitored for 24 h as regards survival and feeding rates; specimens exposed to T2 and T3 concentrations showed significant lower feeding rates than those in the control group. In the second experiment, specimens were exposed for 90 min every 7 days and monitored over 25 days; S. vetulus showed lower cumulative fecundity and reproduction rates at all concentrations tested, and lower population growth at the highest concentration. All exposure concentrations lay within reported environmental concentrations and risk assessment indicated risk (RQ > 1), suggesting that sensitive species would be affected by such pulse exposures of cypermethrin. The present study thus suggests that ongoing agricultural practices affect the non-target invertebrates in streams adjacent to crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arias
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA), UNLP-CONICET-FCNyM, Boulevard 120 y 62, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos Bonetto
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA), UNLP-CONICET-FCNyM, Boulevard 120 y 62, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Mugni
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA), UNLP-CONICET-FCNyM, Boulevard 120 y 62, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Marins AT, Severo ES, Leitemperger JW, Cerezer C, Muller TE, Costa MD, Weimer GH, Bandeira NMG, Prestes OD, Zanella R, Loro VL. Assessment of River Water Quality in an Agricultural Region of Brazil Using Biomarkers in a Native Neotropical Fish, Astyanax spp. (Characidae). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:575-581. [PMID: 32166333 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agricultural and livestock activities demand high pesticide use and, consequently, contaminants reach aquatic ecosystems. In the lower Jacuí River, southern Brazil, there is a lack of knowledge about pesticide residues in water samples and the biochemical responses in native fish species. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the influence of pesticide residues and water parameters to biomarker responses in the native fish Astyanax spp. We performed seasonal biomonitoring in 2017 with water samples and fish collections. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidants, biotransformation, and neurotoxicity were analyzed in fish tissues. Fourteen pesticide residues were detected; they presented correlations with detoxification enzyme and oxidative stress biomarkers. These data indicate that most of variations can be related to the pesticide presence in water indicating high aquatic pollution in this place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Teixeira Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Stringini Severo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jossiele Wesz Leitemperger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cerezer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Talise Elwanger Muller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maiara Dorneles Costa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Weimer
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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50
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Odetti LM, López González EC, Romito ML, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL. Genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Caiman latirostris hatchlings exposed to pesticide formulations and their mixtures during incubation period. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110312. [PMID: 32109584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural expansion and the consequent use of pesticides lead to the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats of several wild species. Then, many species are inevitably exposed to a wide amount of pesticide formulations. Glyphosate (GLY)-based formulations are the most used herbicide, whereas two of the most employed insecticides are chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP). The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity, oxidative damage, and the modulation of antioxidants defenses in peripheral blood of Caiman latirostris after embryonic exposure to pesticide formulations and their mixtures. Pesticides concentrations employed were equivalent to those recommended in agricultural practices for application in soybean crops and a half of them: GLY: 2% and 1%; CYP: 0.12% and 0.06%; CPF: 0.8% and 0.4%. Two similar experiments (E1 and E2) were carried out in consecutive years, where C. latirostris eggs were exposed to pesticide formulations separately and in different mixtures through application on the incubation material. After hatching, blood samples were taken and genotoxicity and oxidative stress was evaluated through the micronucleus (MN) test, the modified comet assay, the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant enzymes. The results indicated the presence of DNA damage, oxidation of purines and pyrimidines, and increased frequency of micronucleus (FMN) in the case of GLY, CYP, and CPF formulations exposure, as well as in all the mixtures tested, with respect to the control groups. Specifically, the results observed for the mixtures would indicate independent action or antagonism of the components for DNA damage and base oxidation (purines and pyrimidines) and a possible potentiation interaction for the FMN in two binary mixtures. However, there were not differences regarding lipid peroxidation, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and growth parameters. This study proved that the use of pesticide formulations at concentrations used in the field generate deleterious genetic effects on this species, then, exposure to them could threaten its survival and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Odetti
- Cát. Toxicol., Farmacol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL. Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina
| | - E C López González
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina; Lab. de Ecología Molecular Aplicada (LEMA) - Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral-UNL/CONICET), R.P. Kreder 2805 (3080), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Proyecto Yacaré - Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MMA), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Romito
- Proyecto Yacaré - Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MMA), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cát. Toxicol., Farmacol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL. Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cát. Toxicol., Farmacol. y Bioq. Legal, FBCB-UNL. Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina; Proyecto Yacaré - Lab. Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MMA), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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