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Deng Y, Jiang B, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chen H. Investigating psychometric properties of short versions of the depressive experiences questionnaire: Findings from a representative large sample of Chinese adolescents. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:52-60. [PMID: 38703907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence involves a period of swift change, including the development of personality vulnerabilities (i.e., dependency and self-criticism) that act as transdiagnostic factors to psychopathology. Over the past several decades, numerous short revisions have condensed the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ) into more efficient measures of personality vulnerability. Prior research has investigated the psychometric properties of the short DEQs in adult and clinical samples. However, there has been insufficient exploration within adolescents, who are in addition marked by fluctuating personality vulnerabilities. METHOD A representative large sample of adolescents and emerging adults in China aged 10 to 25 (N = 23,953) was administered five short DEQs, including the Revised DEQ (RevDEQ), Reconstructed DEQ (RecDEQ), Theoretical DEQ-21/12 (TDEQ-21/12) and adolescent DEQ (DEQ-A). The data was evaluated for internal consistency and criterion-related validity, while factor structure and measurement invariances across gender and age groups were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A subset of the original sample (N = 2874) was retested after six months and analyzed for test-retest reliability and cross-time invariance. RESULT CFA of the TDEQ-21/12 and RecDEQ supported the intended two-factor model. Good criterion-related validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability for these three versions were found. Satisfying measurement invariances across gender, time, and age groups were established. LIMITATION The study's scope was confined to non-clinical adolescent populations within China, highlighting a gap in cross-cultural and clinical applicability. CONCLUSION The present study supports the use of the TDEQ-21/12 and RecDEQ as valid and concise instruments for measuring Chinese adolescent personality vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhe Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Binze Jiang
- College of Teacher Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yichen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Henry Chen
- Illinois School of Professional Psychology, College of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, National Louis University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Chen EYJ, Tung EYL. Similarities and Differences in the Longitudinal Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms from Mid-Adolescence to Young Adulthood: the Intersectionality of Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Levels of Depressive Symptoms. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1541-1556. [PMID: 37162740 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding similarities and differences between groups with intersecting social identities provides key information in research and practice to promote well-being. Building on the intersectionality literature indicating significant gender and racial/ethnic differences in depressive symptoms, the present study used quantile regression to systematically present the diversity in the development of depressive symptoms for individuals with intersecting gender, race/ethnicity, and levels of symptoms. METHODS Information from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79: Child and Young Adult study was employed. A detailed picture of depressive symptom trajectories from low to high quantiles was illustrated by depicting 13 quantile-specific trajectories using follow-up data from ages 15 to 40 in six gender-race/ethnicity groups: both genders of Black, Hispanic, and non-Black, non-Hispanic individuals. RESULTS From low to high quantiles, Black and non-Black, non-Hispanic individuals showed mostly curved, and Hispanic individuals showed mostly flat trajectories. Across the six gender-race/ethnicity groups, the trajectories below 0.50 quantiles were similar in levels and shapes from mid-adolescence to young adulthood. The differences between the six gender-race/ethnicity groups widened, indicated by outspreading trajectories, especially at quantiles above 0.50. Furthermore, non-Black, non-Hispanic males and females showed especially fast-increasing patterns at quantiles above 0.75. Among those without or with only a high school degree, Black females and non-Black, non-Hispanic females tended to report similar levels of depressive symptoms higher than other groups at high quantiles. These unique longitudinal trajectory profiles cannot be captured by the mean trajectories. CONCLUSIONS The intersectionality of gender, race/ethnicity, and quantile of symptoms on the development of depressive symptoms was identified. Further studying the mechanism explaining this diversity can help reduce mental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Educational Psychology, Foundations, and Leadership Studies, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, 50614, USA.
| | - Eli Yi-Liang Tung
- Department of Analytics and Operations, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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Grimes PZ, Adams MJ, Thng G, Edmonson-Stait AJ, Lu Y, McIntosh A, Cullen B, Larsson H, Whalley HC, Kwong ASF. Genetic Architectures of Adolescent Depression Trajectories in 2 Longitudinal Population Cohorts. JAMA Psychiatry 2024:2818400. [PMID: 38748406 PMCID: PMC11097103 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Importance Adolescent depression is characterized by diverse symptom trajectories over time and has a strong genetic influence. Research has determined genetic overlap between depression and other psychiatric conditions; investigating the shared genetic architecture of heterogeneous depression trajectories is crucial for understanding disease etiology, prediction, and early intervention. Objective To investigate univariate and multivariate genetic risk for adolescent depression trajectories and assess generalizability across ancestries. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study entailed longitudinal growth modeling followed by polygenic risk score (PRS) association testing for individual and multitrait genetic models. Two longitudinal cohorts from the US and UK were used: the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD; N = 11 876) study and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 8787) study. Included were adolescents with genetic information and depression measures at up to 8 and 4 occasions, respectively. Study data were analyzed January to July 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Trajectories were derived from growth mixture modeling of longitudinal depression symptoms. PRSs were computed for depression, anxiety, neuroticism, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism in European ancestry. Genomic structural equation modeling was used to build multitrait genetic models of psychopathology followed by multitrait PRS. Depression PRSs were computed in African, East Asian, and Hispanic ancestries in the ABCD cohort only. Association testing was performed between all PRSs and trajectories for both cohorts. Results A total sample size of 14 112 adolescents (at baseline: mean [SD] age, 10.5 [0.5] years; 7269 male sex [52%]) from both cohorts were included in this analysis. Distinct depression trajectories (stable low, adolescent persistent, increasing, and decreasing) were replicated in the ALSPAC cohort (6096 participants; 3091 female [51%]) and ABCD cohort (8016 participants; 4274 male [53%]) between ages 10 and 17 years. Most univariate PRSs showed significant uniform associations with persistent trajectories, but fewer were significantly associated with intermediate (increasing and decreasing) trajectories. Multitrait PRSs-derived from a hierarchical factor model-showed the strongest associations for persistent trajectories (ABCD cohort: OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.26-1.68; ALSPAC cohort: OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.20-1.49), surpassing the effect size of univariate PRS in both cohorts. Multitrait PRSs were associated with intermediate trajectories but to a lesser extent (ABCD cohort: hierarchical increasing, OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.43; decreasing, OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.40; ALSPAC cohort: hierarchical increasing, OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04-1.28; decreasing, OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.18-1.47). Transancestral genetic risk for depression showed no evidence for association with trajectories. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this cohort study revealed a high multitrait genetic loading of persistent symptom trajectories, consistent across traits and cohorts. Variability in univariate genetic association with intermediate trajectories may stem from environmental factors. Multitrait genetics may strengthen depression prediction models, but more diverse data are needed for generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Z. Grimes
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gladi Thng
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia J. Edmonson-Stait
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Breda Cullen
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Heather C. Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alex S. F. Kwong
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Yang J. Childhood maltreatment, peer victimization, borderline personality feature, suicidal risk in adolescents: Direct and indirect associations among developmental trajectories. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38734993 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood maltreatment, peer victimization, and borderline personality traits have all been shown to be linked to suicidal risk. However, there remains a need to illuminate the possible direct and indirect pathways among them from a developmental perspective that could serve as intervention targets. This study thus aimed to investigate the direct and indirect relationships among developmental trajectories of childhood maltreatment, peer victimization, borderline personality feature, and suicidal risk in adolescents. METHODS A total of 1648 Chinese adolescents (48.12% boys; Mage = 13.69; SD = 0.82) in junior middle schools completed self-report measures on three-time points across 1 year. Latent growth curve modeling was used to evaluate the direct and indirect relationships among the developmental trajectories of the aforementioned study variables. RESULTS The developmental trajectories of childhood maltreatment, peer victimization, and borderline personality feature were positively and directly related to the developmental trajectory of suicidal risk; and the developmental trajectories of childhood maltreatment, peer victimization were indirectly related to the developmental trajectory of suicidal risk through the mediating effect of the developmental trajectory of borderline personality feature. CONCLUSIONS The findings elucidated the direct and indirect longitudinal relationships among childhood maltreatment, peer victimization, borderline personality feature, and suicidal risk, highlighting that interventions should target childhood maltreatment, peer victimization, and borderline personality feature to decrease suicidal risk in adolescents with a developmental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Yang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Liwan District Institute for Educational Development Research, Guangzhou, China
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Armitage JM, Wootton RE, Davis OSP, Haworth CMA. An exploration into the causal relationships between educational attainment, intelligence, and wellbeing: an observational and two-sample Mendelian randomisation study. NPJ MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 3:23. [PMID: 38724617 PMCID: PMC11082190 DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Educational attainment is associated with a range of positive outcomes, yet its impact on wellbeing is unclear, and complicated by high correlations with intelligence. We use genetic and observational data to investigate for the first time, whether educational attainment and intelligence are causally and independently related to wellbeing. Results from our multivariable Mendelian randomisation demonstrated a positive causal impact of a genetic predisposition to higher educational attainment on wellbeing that remained after accounting for intelligence, and a negative impact of intelligence that was independent of educational attainment. Observational analyses suggested that these associations may be subject to sex differences, with benefits to wellbeing greater for females who attend higher education compared to males. For intelligence, males scoring more highly on measures related to happiness were those with lower intelligence. Our findings demonstrate a unique benefit for wellbeing of staying in school, over and above improving cognitive abilities, with benefits likely to be greater for females compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Armitage
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
| | - R E Wootton
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - O S P Davis
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C M A Haworth
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Corbett BA, Muscatello RA, McGonigle T, Vandekar S, Burroughs C, Sparks S. Trajectory of depressive symptoms over adolescence in autistic and neurotypical youth. Mol Autism 2024; 15:18. [PMID: 38698474 PMCID: PMC11064411 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-024-00600-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence coincides with a dramatic rise in the onset of psychiatric conditions including depression. Depression symptoms may be particularly prevalent and impairing for youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While prior research suggests adolescence is associated with worsening depression symptoms for typically developing (TD) and autistic youth, it is unclear if they follow a similar course. METHOD The study examined the trajectory of depressive symptoms in autistic and neurotypical youth over a 4-year longitudinal study using linear and logistic mixed effects models. In youth with clinically relevant depressive scores (t-score > 65), moderating factors (i.e., diagnosis, age, puberty, sex) were explored. During Year 1, the sample included 244 youth 10-to-13 years: 140 in the ASD group (36 females) and 104 in the TD group (46 females). RESULTS Autistic youth had elevated depression scores compared to TD peers (p < 0.001) and females were higher than males in both groups (p = 0.001). There was significant diagnosis by age (p < 0.001) and diagnosis by pubertal stage (p < 0.05) interactions. In the ASD group, elevated depressive scores presented in early adolescence and decreased during middle adolescence and puberty, whereas the TD group showed the opposite trend with an increase in depression symptoms with advancing development. LIMITATIONS Limitations include an unequal sex distribution (fewer females), non-representative autistic sample (e.g., cognition and race/ethnicity), and potential confound of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Autistic youth present with higher rates of depressive symptoms early in development; yet, approaching middle adolescence and puberty, the symptom trajectory in the autistic youth declines coinciding with an increase in the TD youth. While group trajectories are divergent, they lead to similar levels of depression in late adolescence with higher symptoms in females. Findings suggest a period of quiescence in depressive symptomology influenced by biopsychosocial factors impacting affective profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe A Corbett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Rachael A Muscatello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Trey McGonigle
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Simon Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christina Burroughs
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Sloane Sparks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
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Hosozawa M, Ando S, Yamaguchi S, Yamasaki S, DeVylder J, Miyashita M, Endo K, Stanyon D, Knowles G, Nakanishi M, Usami S, Iso H, Furukawa TA, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, Kasai K, Nishida A. Sex Differences in Adolescent Depression Trajectory Before and Into the Second Year of COVID-19 Pandemic. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:539-548. [PMID: 37805069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health is mixed and does not disentangle natural age-related changes. We compared depressive symptoms among 16-year-olds surveyed, at a fourth wave, before or during the pandemic, while accounting for expected trajectories of within-person change based on 3 prior waves. METHOD In this longitudinal cohort of 3,171 adolescents in Tokyo, Japan, adolescents were grouped based on their age 16 survey timing: pre-pandemic (February 2019 to February 2020) and during-pandemic (March 2020 to September 2021). Depressive symptoms were self-reported using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. Mixed-effect models were fitted to assess group differences while controlling for previous trends. Variations by sex, household income, and pandemic phase (early, late first-year, and second-year) were examined. RESULTS Of 2,034 eligible adolescents, 960 (455 girls) were assessed before and 1,074 (515 girls) during the pandemic. Overall, depressive symptoms increased by 0.80 points (95% CI 0.28-1.31, 0.15 SD of the population average). This increase varied by sex and pandemic phase. For boys the increase emerged in the late first-year phase and enlarged in the second-year phase (mean difference from pre-pandemic: 1.69, 0.14-3.24), whereas for girls it decreased in the early school-closure phase (mean difference: -1.98, -3.54 to -0.41) and returned to the pre-pandemic level thereafter, with no additional increases during the pandemic. CONCLUSION Into the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, depressive symptoms of 16-year-olds worsened above the expected age-related change only in boys. Continuous monitoring and preventive approaches for adolescents at the population level are warranted. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Hosozawa
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jordan DeVylder
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Fordham University, New York
| | | | - Kaori Endo
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Stanyon
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gemma Knowles
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miharu Nakanishi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hiroyasu Iso
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kiyoto Kasai
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Virtanen P, Nummi T, Westerlund H, Östergren PO, Janlert U, Hammarström A. Active labour market policies in emerging adulthood may act as a protective factor against future depressiveness: an analysis of the long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms in the Northern Swedish Cohort. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345034. [PMID: 38655526 PMCID: PMC11035740 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Drawing upon the framework of life course epidemiology, this study aligns with research on the mental health consequences of significant social transitions during early adulthood. The focus is on the variation in initial labour market attachment and the development of depressiveness, assuming that a firm attachment is associated with decreasing depressiveness. Methods The baseline investigation of the studied cohort (n = 1,001) took place during their final year of compulsory schooling at age 16. Follow-up surveys were conducted at ages 18, 21, 30, and 43. Depressiveness was measured with a five-item score. Multiple trajectory analysis, incorporating five labour market statuses observed over seven half-year periods from ages 18 to 21, was employed to categorize the cohort into six distinct groups. Among these, 'All-time education,' 'From education to employment,' 'Education and employment,' and 'From employment to education' were considered to demonstrate firm labour market attachment. Meanwhile, 'Active labour market policy' and 'Unemployment' represented less firm attachment. Results The trajectory of depressive symptoms among the total cohort from age 16 to age 43 exhibited a 'broken stick' pattern, reaching its lowest point at age 21. This pattern was evident in all groups classified as having a firm attachment. A substantial decrease in depressiveness was also observed in the relatively weakly attached 'Active labour market policy' group, whereas no 'broken stick' pattern emerged in the 'Unemployment' group. The disparities in the levels of depressiveness observed at age 21 remained relatively stable across the measurements at ages 30 and 43. Discussion The results were as expected, except for the observed improvement in mental health within the 'Active labour market policy' group. Supported labour market attachment during emerging adulthood can enhance mental well-being similarly to regular mainstream attachment. In terms of policy recommendations, the consistently high levels of depressiveness within the 'Unemployment' group underscore the importance of reducing long-term and repeated unemployment in young age. The findings regarding the 'Active labour market policy' provide evidence of the intervention's benefits. While the primary goal of these measures is to create jobs for the unemployed, they also include elements that contribute to participants' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Virtanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tapio Nummi
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hugo Westerlund
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Östergren
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Urban Janlert
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Hammarström
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Fu W, Li X, Ji S, Yang T, Chen L, Guo Y, He K. The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior in Adolescents with Depression: The Mediating Role of Rumination. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1477-1485. [PMID: 38606089 PMCID: PMC11007121 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s448248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior is very common in adolescents with depression, and childhood trauma is considered one of the distal risk factors for its exacerbation. Rumination caused by adverse traumatic experiences, which can be transferred through NSSI behavior, can alleviate symptoms of depression in adolescents. The current research focuses on the relationship between the three, further exploring whether rumination is a mediator in the relationship between childhood trauma and NSSI behavior on the basis of previous studies, and provides some suggestions for future early intervention for adolescents with depression. Methods A total of 833 adolescent patients with depression who met the DSM-5 criteria for depressive episode were recruited from 12 hospitals in China. The Chinese version of the Function Assessment of Self-mutilation, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Rumination Inventory were used as research tools. Results The scores of childhood trauma and rumination in adolescents with depression in the NSSI group were higher than those in the non-NSSI group. A Pearson's correlation analysis showed that childhood trauma was positively correlated with rumination (r=0.165, P<0.01), different types of childhood trauma were significantly positively correlated with rumination and its three factors, and these results were statistically significant. Rumination partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and NSSI behavior in depressed adolescent patients (effect size=0.002), and the effect in female participants (effect size=0.003), was greater than that in male participants (effect size=0.002). Conclusion Childhood trauma and rumination were key factors for NSSI behavior in adolescents with depression. Childhood trauma not only has a direct effect on NSSI behavior in adolescent depression, but also plays an indirect effect on NSSI behavior through rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Fu
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Psychiatry Department, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Psychiatry Department, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sifan Ji
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Psychiatry Department, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Psychiatry Department, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Psychological Counseling department, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Psychiatry Department, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Psychological Counseling department, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaru Guo
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Psychiatry Department, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Psychological Counseling department, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kongliang He
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Psychiatry Department, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Psychological Counseling department, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Alalalmeh SO, Hegazi OE, Shahwan M, Hassan N, Humaid Alnuaimi GR, Alaila RF, Jairoun A, Tariq Hamdi Y, Abdullah MT, Abdullah RM, Zyoud SH. Assessing mental health among students in the UAE: A cross-sectional study utilizing the DASS-21 scale. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101987. [PMID: 38405042 PMCID: PMC10891328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The escalating worldwide concerns for mental health, significantly amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitates understanding the impact on vulnerable populations, such as university students. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and implications of depression, anxiety, and stress among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21). Methods This study utilized convenience sampling to investigate the mental health of undergraduates in UAE universities using a bilingual DASS-21 questionnaire via Google Forms. Analysis was conducted using SPSS version 29.0, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, Mann-Whitney tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Multinomial Logistic Regression to analyze relationships between sociodemographic variables and mental health scores. Results The study examined 332 students, with most female participants (81 %, n = 269) and individuals aged 18-20 (89.8 %, n = 298). It revealed higher mean DASS scores among females: Depression (M = 15.80, p = 0.030), Anxiety (M = 17.63, p < 0.001), and Stress (M = 22.61, p < 0.001). Fourth-year students exhibited the highest DASS scores for depression (M = 30.33, p = 0.002), anxiety (M = 21.33, p = 0.002), and stress (M = 27.00, p = 0.005). Younger participants aged 18-20 had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.925 for depression, indicating they were approximately five times more likely to experience depression. Conclusions This study reveals gender, age, and academic-year variations in depression, anxiety, and stress among UAE university students. Specifically, our findings indicate higher levels of anxiety and stress among females and reveal academic-year and age-related patterns in mental health conditions. University support services in the UAE should better address student needs, including counseling focused on high school to university transition challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer O Alalalmeh
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omar E Hegazi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nageeb Hassan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghala Rashid Humaid Alnuaimi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raghd F Alaila
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ammar Jairoun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11500, Malaysia
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai 67, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yomna Tariq Hamdi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mina Thamer Abdullah
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roaa Mohammed Abdullah
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samer H Zyoud
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346 Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Tseliou F, Riglin L, Thapar AK, Heron J, Dennison CA, Armitage JM, Thapar A, Rice F, Collishaw S. Childhood correlates and young adult outcomes of trajectories of emotional problems from childhood to adolescence. Psychol Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38494928 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional problems, especially anxiety, have become increasingly common in recent generations. Few population-based studies have examined trajectories of emotional problems from early childhood to late adolescence or investigated differences in psychiatric and functional outcomes. METHODS Using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, n = 8286, 50.4% male), we modeled latent class growth trajectories of emotional problems, using the parent-reported Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire emotional scale (SDQ-E) on seven occasions (4-17 years). Psychiatric outcomes in young adulthood (21-25 years) were major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and self-harm. Functional outcomes were exam attainment, educational/occupational status, and social relationship quality. RESULTS We identified four classes of emotional problems: low (67.0%), decreasing (18.4%), increasing (8.9%), and persistent (5.7%) problems. Compared to those in the low class, individuals with decreasing emotional problems were not at elevated risk of any poor adult outcome. Individuals in the increasing and persistent classes had a greater risk of adult MDD (RR: 1.59 95% CI 1.13-2.26 and RR: 2.25 95% CI 1.49-3.41) and self-harm (RR: 2.37 95% CI 1.91-2.94 and RR: 1.87 95% CI 1.41-2.48), and of impairment in functional domains. Childhood sleep difficulties, irritability, conduct and neurodevelopmental problems, and family adversity were associated with a persistent course of emotional problems. CONCLUSIONS Childhood emotional problems were common, but those whose symptoms improved over time were not at increased risk for adverse adult outcomes. In contrast, individuals with persistent or adolescent-increasing emotional problems had a higher risk of mental ill-health and social impairment in young adulthood which was especially pronounced for those with persistent emotional problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tseliou
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - L Riglin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - A K Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - J Heron
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - C A Dennison
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - J M Armitage
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - A Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - F Rice
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - S Collishaw
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
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12
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Kaeppler AK, Erath SA, Hinnant JB, El-Sheikh M. Coping Responses in the Context of Family Stress Moderate the Association Between Childhood Anxiety and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:429-441. [PMID: 37897676 PMCID: PMC11097902 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and depressive symptoms are common and highly interrelated. A relatively consistent temporal pattern of anxious and depressive symptoms has emerged from previous studies, such that the development of anxiety tends to precede and predict the development of depression rather than the other way around. Whether high levels of childhood anxiety predict depressive symptoms in late adolescence may depend, in part, on the ways in which children cope with stressful events. Accordingly, the present study used latent intercept models to examine involuntary and voluntary coping responses to familial stress as potential moderators of the association between childhood anxiety and adolescent depressive symptoms. Two hundred twenty-seven participants completed questionnaires measuring demographic variables as well as anxiety, depressive symptoms, and coping responses at a minimum of one time point over four waves of data collection (T1 Mage = 10.26 years, T2 Mage = 15.77 years, T3 Mage = 16.75 years, T4 Mage = 17.68 years). We found that childhood anxiety was positively associated with adolescent depressive symptoms when children reported higher levels of involuntary responses to family stress (e.g., rumination or physiological arousal) in conjunction with either lower levels of voluntary engaged responses (e.g., problem solving or emotion regulation) or higher levels of voluntary disengaged responses (e.g., avoidance or denial). These results shed light on the conditions under which childhood anxiety is associated with adolescent depressive symptoms and underscore the need for continued longitudinal and developmental research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Kaeppler
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Stephen A Erath
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - J Benjamin Hinnant
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Mona El-Sheikh
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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13
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Shen C, Smith RB, Heller J, Spiers ADV, Thompson R, Ward H, Roiser JP, Nicholls D, Toledano MB. Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Relation to the Use of Digital Technologies: Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e45114. [PMID: 38324379 PMCID: PMC10882466 DOI: 10.2196/45114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are susceptible to mental illness and have experienced substantial disruption owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. The digital environment is increasingly important in the context of a pandemic when in-person social connection is restricted. OBJECTIVE This study aims to estimate whether depression and anxiety had worsened compared with the prepandemic period and examine potential associations with sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral factors, particularly digital behaviors. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a large, representative Greater London adolescent cohort study: the Study of Cognition, Adolescents and Mobile Phones (SCAMP). Participants completed surveys at T1 between November 2016 and July 2018 (N=4978; aged 13 to 15 years) and at T2 between July 2020 and June 2021 (N=1328; aged 16 to 18 years). Depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, respectively. Information on the duration of total mobile phone use, social network site use, and video gaming was also collected using questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of sociodemographic characteristics, digital technology use, and sleep duration with clinically significant depression and anxiety. RESULTS The proportion of adolescents who had clinical depression and anxiety significantly increased at T2 (depression: 140/421, 33.3%; anxiety: 125/425, 29.4%) compared with the proportion of adolescents at T1 (depression: 57/421, 13.5%; anxiety: 58/425, 13.6%; P for 2-proportion z test <.001 for both depression and anxiety). Depression and anxiety levels were similar between the summer holiday, school opening, and school closures. Female participants had higher odds of new incident depression (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.18) and anxiety (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.23-3.61) at T2. A high level of total mobile phone use at T1 was associated with developing depression at T2 (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.02-3.49). Social network site use was associated with depression and anxiety cross-sectionally at T1 and T2 but did not appear to be associated with developing depression or anxiety longitudinally. Insufficient sleep at T1 was associated with developing depression at T2 (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.31-3.91). CONCLUSIONS The mental health of this large sample of adolescents from London deteriorated during the pandemic without noticeable variations relating to public health measures. The deterioration was exacerbated in girls, those with preexisting high total mobile phone use, and those with preexisting disrupted sleep. Our findings suggest the necessity for allocating resources to address these modifiable factors and target high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel B Smith
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Heller
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D V Spiers
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon Thompson
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Ward
- Patient Experience Research Centre, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dasha Nicholls
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Li T, Chen J, Yang L, Lyu M, Liu J, Ren P. Central symptoms and network associations of depressive symptoms among school-aged students: A network analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:284-292. [PMID: 37879414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health problems occurred among school-aged students. Conceptualizing depressive symptoms as a network of interacting symptoms, this study used network analysis to identify central symptoms and network associations of depressive symptoms. The study also investigated how networks of depressive symptoms differ across school aged periods. METHODS A total of 2514 Chinese school-aged students in Grades 4 to 11 were recruited and asked to complete the Child Depression Inventory in this study. RESULTS The results showed that self-hatred consistently emerged as a central symptom of depressive symptoms across all school stages. Beyond this, each school stage had its unique central symptoms: loneliness was prominent in both elementary school and junior high school, while fatigue was more specific symptom to senior high school. When comparing the network structures across different school stages, there was a significant difference in network structure between elementary school students and junior high school students. The comparison in global strength showed that the network connectivity of depression network is stronger among elementary school students, with showing closer symptom associations. CONCLUSIONS By identifying central symptoms and their distinct associations, particularly the pronounced symptom interconnections among elementary school students, this study emphasize the critical importance of early interventions. Recognizing these stage-specific characteristics is essential for the development of effective prevention and intervention programs for depressive symptoms in school-aged students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Muhua Lyu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain & Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
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15
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Wright N, Hill J, Sharp H, Refberg-Brown M, Crook D, Kehl S, Pickles A. COVID-19 pandemic impact on adolescent mental health: a reassessment accounting for development. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-023-02337-y. [PMID: 38170282 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Current prospective reports suggest a pandemic-related increase in adolescent mental health problems. We examine whether age-related change over 11-14 years accounts for this increase. Mothers and adolescents in a UK-based birth cohort (Wirral Child Health and Development Study; WCHADS; N = 737) reported on adolescent depression and behavioural problems pre-pandemic (December 2019-March 2020), mid-pandemic (June 2020-March 2021) and late pandemic (July 2021-March 2022). Analysis used repeated measures models for over-dispersed Poisson counts with an adolescent-specific intercept with age as a time-varying covariate. Maturational curves for girls, but not for boys, showed a significant increase in self-reported depression symptoms over ages 11-14 years. Behavioural problems decreased for both. After adjusting for age-related change, girls' depression increased by only 13% at mid-pandemic and returned to near pre-pandemic level at late pandemic (mid versus late - 12%), whereas boys' depression increased by 31% and remained elevated (mid versus late 1%). Age-adjusted behavioural problems increased for both (girls 40%, boys 41%) and worsened from mid- to late pandemic (girls 33%, boys 18%). Initial reports of a pandemic-related increase in depression in young adolescent girls could be explained by a natural maturational rise. In contrast, maturational decreases in boys' depression and both boys' and girls' behavioural problems may mask an effect of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wright
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - J Hill
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - H Sharp
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Refberg-Brown
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Crook
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, UK
| | - S Kehl
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Pickles
- Department of Biostatics & Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
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16
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Gohari MR, Patte KA, Ferro MA, Haddad S, Wade TJ, Bélanger RE, Romano I, Leatherdale ST. Adolescents' Depression and Anxiety Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Evidence From COMPASS. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:36-43. [PMID: 37777949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is concern over the potentially detrimental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' mental health. We examined changes in depression and anxiety symptoms from before (2018-19) to the early (2019-20) and ongoing pandemic (2020-21) responses among Canadian adolescents in the context of a natural experiment. METHODS We used linked survey data from 5,368 Canadian secondary school students who participated in three consecutive waves of the cannabis use, obesity, mental health, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, and sedentary behaviour study during the 2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21 school year. Separate fixed effects models examined whether changes in depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised-10) and anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7) symptoms differed between two cohorts. The cohorts differed in the timing of their second data collection wave; one cohort participated before the pandemic and the other cohort participated in the early pandemic (spring 2020). RESULTS Depression and anxiety symptoms increased during the early and ongoing pandemic periods in the overall sample and both cohorts. The two cohorts experienced similar elevations in their symptoms. Females and younger respondents presented greater elevations over time. The proportion of adolescents with significant depressive (29.4%) and moderate-to-severe anxiety (17.6%) symptoms at baseline increased by 1.5 times, reaching 44.8% and 29.8% in the ongoing pandemic period, respectively. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that internalizing symptoms have consistently increased since before the onset of COVID-19, particularly in the ongoing pandemic period; however, we found no evidence of the increase being due to the pandemic in the early COVID-19 period when comparing the two cohorts. Ongoing evaluation of adolescents' mental health is necessary to capture potentially dynamic impacts over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood R Gohari
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Karen A Patte
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Ferro
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Slim Haddad
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Terrance J Wade
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard E Bélanger
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabella Romano
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Wright N, Courchesne V, Pickles A, Bedford R, Duku E, Kerns CM, Bennett T, Georgiades S, Hill J, Richard A, Sharp H, Smith IM, Vaillancourt T, Zaidman-Zait A, Zwaigenbaum L, Szatmari P, Elsabbagh M. A longitudinal comparison of emotional, behavioral and attention problems in autistic and typically developing children. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7707-7719. [PMID: 37381780 PMCID: PMC10755241 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems are elevated in autistic individuals but there is limited evidence on the developmental course of problems across childhood. We compare the level and growth of anxious-depressed, behavioral and attention problems in an autistic and typically developing (TD) cohort. METHODS Latent growth curve models were applied to repeated parent-report Child Behavior Checklist data from age 2-10 years in an inception cohort of autistic children (Pathways, N = 397; 84% boys) and a general population TD cohort (Wirral Child Health and Development Study; WCHADS; N = 884, 49% boys). Percentile plots were generated to quantify the differences between autistic and TD children. RESULTS Autistic children showed elevated levels of mental health problems, but this was substantially reduced by accounting for IQ and sex differences between the autistic and TD samples. There was small differences in growth patterns; anxious-depressed problems were particularly elevated at preschool and attention problems at late childhood. Higher family income predicted lower base-level on all three dimensions, but steeper increase of anxious-depressed problems. Higher IQ predicted lower level of attention problems and faster decline over childhood. Female sex predicted higher level of anxious-depressed and faster decline in behavioral problems. Social-affect autism symptom severity predicted elevated level of attention problems. Autistic girls' problems were particularly elevated relative to their same-sex non-autistic peers. CONCLUSIONS Autistic children, and especially girls, show elevated mental health problems compared to TD children and there are some differences in predictors. Assessment of mental health should be integrated into clinical practice for autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Wright
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - V. Courchesne
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A. Pickles
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R. Bedford
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - E. Duku
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - C. M. Kerns
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - J. Hill
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - A. Richard
- IWK Health Centre, Autism Research Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - H. Sharp
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - I. M. Smith
- Dalhousie University and IWK Health, Halifax, Canada
| | | | | | | | - P. Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M. Elsabbagh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pathways Team
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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18
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Liang Y, Wang Q, Chen J, Zhang Y, Li S, Xiong M, Ren P. Profiles and Transitions of Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms among Migrant Children: Predictive Role of Bullying Victimization. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:2606-2619. [PMID: 37642780 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Although loneliness and depressive symptoms are particularly prominent among migrant children and often occur simultaneously, little is known about the co-occurring and transitional nature of loneliness and depressive symptoms among migrant children, and the role of bullying victimization on their profiles and transitions. This study examined the profiles and transitions of loneliness and depressive symptoms among migrant children using latent profile analysis and latent transition analysis, as well as how bullying victimization predicted their profile memberships and transitions. A total of 692 migrant children (55.3% males, Mage = 9.41, SD = 0.55, range = 8 to 12 years old at T1) participated in both two waves of the study over six months. The results indicated that low profile (59.2%), moderate profile (22.0%), moderately high profile (14.3%), and high profile (4.5%) were identified at Time 1; low profile (69.4%), predominantly loneliness profile (16.8%), predominantly depressive symptoms profile (6.5%), and high profile (7.3%) were identified at Time 2. Migrant children in at-risk profiles displayed varying degrees of transition. Migrant children experiencing more bullying victimization were more likely to belong or transition to at-risk profiles. The findings highlight the importance of subgroup differences considerations in understanding the co-occurring and transitional nature of loneliness and depressive symptoms, as well as the predictive role of bullying victimization, informing effective strategies for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Quanquan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Simeng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mingling Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
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19
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Qin X, Laninga-Wijnen L, Steglich C, Zhang Y, Ren P, Veenstra R. Does having vulnerable friends help vulnerable youth? The co-evolution of friendships, victimization, and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents' social networks. Child Dev 2023; 94:1531-1549. [PMID: 37226680 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether having vulnerable friends helps or hurts victimized and depressed (i.e., vulnerable) adolescents and whether this depends on classroom supportive norms. Students (n = 1461, 46.7% girls, 93.4% Han nationality) were surveyed four times from seventh and eighth grade (Mage = 13 years) in 2015 and 2016 in Central China. Longitudinal social network analyses indicated that having vulnerable friends can both hurt and help vulnerable adolescents. Depressed adolescents with depressed friends increased in victimization over time. Victimized adolescents with victimized friends increased in victimization but decreased in depressive symptoms. These processes were most likely in classrooms with high supportive norms. Having friends and a supportive classroom may hurt vulnerable adolescents' social position but help victims' emotional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingna Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Laninga-Wijnen
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Philosophy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Steglich
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Analytical Sociology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - René Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Psychogiou L, Ahun MN, Geoffroy MC, Brendgen M, Côté SM. Adolescents' internalizing symptoms predict dating violence victimization and perpetration 2 years later. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1573-1583. [PMID: 35473624 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942200030x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine bidirectional associations of adolescents' internalizing symptoms with dating violence victimization and perpetration. We conducted secondary analyses of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development data (n = 974). Each adolescent completed items from the Conflict Tactics Scale (at ages 15 and 17 years) to assess psychological, physical, and sexual dating violence victimization and perpetration in the past 12 months. Adolescents' symptoms of depression and general anxiety in the past 12 months were self-reported (at ages 15 and 17 years) using The Mental Health and Social Inadaptation Assessment for Adolescents. There were concurrent associations of adolescents' internalizing symptoms with dating violence victimization and perpetration. Internalizing symptoms at age 15 years were positively associated with dating violence victimization and perpetration 2 years later in both males and females, even after adjusting for baseline characteristics. However, neither dating violence victimization nor perpetration at age 15 years was associated with internalizing symptoms 2 years later. For males and females, internalizing symptoms put adolescents at risk for future dating violence victimization and perpetration. Interventions that target internalizing symptoms may have the potential to decrease subsequent dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marilyn N Ahun
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal School of Public Health, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Axe Cerveau et développement de l'enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Axe Cerveau et développement de l'enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal School of Public Health, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Axe Cerveau et développement de l'enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
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21
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McCloud T, Kamenov S, Callender C, Lewis G, Lewis G. The association between higher education attendance and common mental health problems among young people in England: evidence from two population-based cohorts. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e811-e819. [PMID: 37777290 PMCID: PMC10958987 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether young people who attend higher education are at increased risk of common mental disorders, compared with those who do not attend. We aimed to investigate whether higher education attendance was associated with increased symptoms of common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) in young people before, during and after attendance. METHODS For this cohort study, we used two cohorts-the Longitudinal Studies of Young People in England (LSYPE1: N=4832, 55·8% [2696 of 4832] students; LSYPE2: n=6128, 50·7% [3104 of 6128] students), beginning in 2004 for LSYPE1 and 2013 for LSYPE2. Both cohorts were designed to be nationally representative, with schools in England as the primary sampling unit. Symptoms of common mental disorders were assessed with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) before (age 14-17 years for both cohorts), during (age 18-19 years for LSYPE2), and after (age 25 years for LSYPE1) higher education. We assessed differences in GHQ scores using unadjusted and confounder adjusted linear regression. FINDINGS At ages 18-19 years (LSYPE2), mean GHQ-12 scores were 12·0 (SD 6·4) among students and 11·6 (SD 6·8) among non-students (adjusted mean difference 0·36, 95% CI 0·05 to 0·68; p=0·024). In LSYPE1, young people who attended higher education at ages 18-20 years had higher symptoms of common mental disorders at ages 16-17 years than those who did not (0·60, 0·30 to 0·90). However, after higher education (age 25 years for LSYPE1), there was no evidence of a difference-mean GHQ-12 scores were 11·4 (SD 5·5) among those who had attended and 11·7 (SD 6·4) among those who had not attended (-0·25, -0·66 to 0·16; p=0·23). INTERPRETATION We found evidence that students had more symptoms of common mental disorders than non-students at ages 18-19 years, albeit the effect size was small and there was no evidence of a longer-term difference at the age of 25 years. FUNDING Department for Education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla McCloud
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Strahil Kamenov
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Callender
- Department of Psychosocial Studies, Birkbeck University and Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
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22
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Prince C, Joinson C, Kwong ASF, Fraser A, Heron J. The relationship between timing of onset of menarche and depressive symptoms from adolescence to adulthood. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e60. [PMID: 37766510 PMCID: PMC10539742 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Girls who experience an earlier onset of menarche than their peers are at increased risk of depressive symptoms in mid-adolescence, but it is unclear if this association persists into adulthood. This study examines whether longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms from adolescence to adulthood vary according to timing of menarche. METHODS About 4,864 female participants in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children provided data on age at onset of menarche (assessed in repeated questionnaires from 8 to 17 years) and depressive symptoms across nine time points (13 to 26 years) using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. We compared patterns of depressive symptoms in girls with 'early' (<11.5 years), 'normative' (11.5 to 13.5 years) and 'late' (≥13.5 years) menarche using a linear spline multilevel growth curve model adjusted for indicators of socioeconomic position, father absence and body mass index. RESULTS Early, compared with normative, menarche was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms at age 14 (imputed adjusted estimated difference = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44, 1.45), but the association attenuated at 24 years (0.24 [-0.72, 1.19]). Late menarche, compared with normative, was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms at age 14 (-0.69 [-1.10, -0.29]), but this association also attenuated at 24 years (-0.15 [-0.92, 0.62]). CONCLUSIONS This study did not find a persistent effect of early menarche, compared to normative, on depressive symptoms. However, our findings are consistent with the level of depressive symptoms increasing at the onset of menarche irrespective of timing. The late onset girls 'catch up' with their peers who experience menarche earlier in terms of depressive symptoms. Future studies should continue to assess the impact of timing of menarche further into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Prince
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C. Joinson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A. S. F. Kwong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J. Heron
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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23
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Loukas A, Li X, Wilkinson AV, Marti CN. Longitudinal Examination of ENDS Use Among Young Adult College Students: Associations with Depressive Symptoms and Sensation Seeking. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:1068-1077. [PMID: 37428392 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined (1) intraindividual changes in the frequency of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use across young adulthood, 18 to 30 years old, and (2) if depressive symptoms and sensation-seeking tendencies, independently and in interaction with one another, were associated with these changes. Data were from a longitudinal study of students recruited from 24 Texas colleges and followed across six waves from fall 2015 to spring 2019. Participants (n = 1298; 36.3% non-Hispanic white, 56.3% women) were 18 to 26 years old in fall 2015 and all reported past 30-day ENDS use on at least one wave. We used growth curve modeling for an accelerated longitudinal design to examine if ENDS use frequency changed with increasing age and if depressive symptoms and sensation seeking, independently and in interaction with one another, were associated with these changes. Results showed that ENDS use frequency increased with increasing age. Depressive symptoms and sensation seeking were not independently associated with more frequent ENDS use or an accelerated increase in ENDS use frequency across increasing age. However, a significant two-way interaction indicated that young adults with elevated depressive symptoms used ENDS more frequently, but only when they had higher levels of sensation seeking. Findings indicate that young adults with depressive symptoms are a heterogeneous population and that those with high levels of sensation-seeking tendencies are at elevated risk for more frequent ENDS use. Interventions for young adults high in both sensation-seeking and depressive symptoms may help prevent and decrease ENDS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Loukas
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Science, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, USA
| | - C Nathan Marti
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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24
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Armitage JM, Kwong ASF, Tseliou F, Sellers R, Blakey R, Anthony R, Rice F, Thapar A, Collishaw S. Cross-cohort change in parent-reported emotional problem trajectories across childhood and adolescence in the UK. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:509-517. [PMID: 37244272 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past three decades, the prevalence of adolescent emotional problems (ie, anxiety and depression) has risen. Although the onset and developmental course of emotional symptoms shows high variability, no study has directly tested secular differences across development. Our aim was to investigate whether and how developmental trajectories of emotional problems have changed across generations. METHODS We used data from two UK prospective cohorts assessed 10 years apart: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) including individuals born in 1991-92, and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) with individuals born in 2000-02. Our outcome was emotional problems, assessed using the parent-rated emotional subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-E) at approximate ages 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, and 17 years in ALSPAC and ages 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, and 17 years in MCS. Participants were included if the SDQ-E was completed at least once in childhood and at least once in adolescence. Trajectories were generated using multilevel growth curve models using the repeated assessments of the SDQ-E in children aged 3-17 years. FINDINGS Data were available for 19 418 participants (7012 from ALSPAC and 12 406 from the MCS), of whom 9678 (49·8%) were female and 9740 (50·2%) were male, and 17 572 (90·5%) had White mothers. Individuals born between 2000 and 2002 had higher emotional problem scores from around 9 years (intercept statistic β 1·75, 95% CI 1·71-1·79) than did individuals born in 1991-92 (1·55, 1·51-1·59). The later cohort had an earlier onset of problems than the earlier cohort, and sustained higher average trajectories from around 11 years, with female adolescents showing the steepest trajectories of emotional problems. Differences between cohorts peaked overall at age 14 years. INTERPRETATION Our comparison of two cohorts of young people provides evidence that compared with a cohort assessed 10 years prior, emotional problems emerge earlier in development in the more recent cohort, and these are especially pronounced for females during mid-adolescence. Such findings have implications for public health planning and service provision. FUNDING Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Wolfson Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Armitage
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Alex S F Kwong
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Population Health Sciences and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Foteini Tseliou
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ruth Sellers
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK; Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Blakey
- Population Health Sciences and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca Anthony
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Centre for the Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frances Rice
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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25
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Hammerton G, Lewis G, Heron J, Fernandes G, Hickman M, Lewis G. The association of alcohol dependence and consumption during adolescence with depression in young adulthood, in England: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:490-498. [PMID: 37271164 PMCID: PMC10659986 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of alcohol use in the development of depression is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether alcohol dependence, but not high frequency or quantity of consumption, during adolescence increased the risk of depression in young adulthood. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we included adolescents who were born to women recruited to the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in Avon, UK, with delivery dates between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992. Alcohol dependence and consumption were measured at about age 16 years, 18 years, 19 years, 21 years, and 23 years using the self-reported Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and at about age 18 years, 21 years, and 23 years using items corresponding to DSM-IV symptoms. The primary outcome was depression at age 24 years, assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised. Analyses were probit regressions between growth factors for alcohol dependence and consumption and depression, before and after adjustments for confounders: sex, housing tenure, maternal education, maternal depressive symptoms, parents' alcohol use, conduct problems at age 4 years, being bullied from age 12-16 years, and frequency of smoking cigarettes or cannabis. Adolescents were included in analyses if they had data from at least one timepoint for alcohol use and confounders. FINDINGS We included 3902 adolescents (2264 [58·0%] female; 1638 [42·0%] male) in our analysis, and 3727 (96·7%) of 3853 participants with data on ethnicity were White. After adjustments, we found a positive association between alcohol dependence at 18 years of age (latent intercept) and depression at 24 years of age (probit coefficient 0·13 [95% CI 0·02 to 0·25]; p=0·019), but no association between rate of change (linear slope) and depression (0·10 [-0·82 to 1·01]; p=0·84). There was no evidence of an association between alcohol consumption and depression (latent intercept probit coefficient -0·01 [-0·06 to 0·03]; p=0·60; linear slope 0·01 [-0·40 to 0·42]; p=0·96) after adjustments. INTERPRETATION Psychosocial or behavioural interventions that reduce the risk of alcohol dependence during adolescence could contribute to preventing depression in young adulthood. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council and Alcohol Research UK (grant number MR/L022206/1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Hammerton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gwen Fernandes
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Critical Thinking Unit, Public Health Directorate, NHS England, UK; Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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26
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Liang Y, Chen J, Xiong Y, Wang Q, Ren P. Profiles and Transitions of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescent Boys and Girls: Predictive Role of Bullying Victimization. J Youth Adolesc 2023:10.1007/s10964-023-01779-6. [PMID: 37160549 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and depressive symptoms often co-occur, as well as display distinct profiles in different genders, few studies examined the gender-specific profiles and transitions of NSSI and depressive symptoms among adolescents and the role of bullying victimization on their profiles and transitions. This study examined the profiles and transitions of NSSI and depressive symptoms for Chinese adolescent boys and girls separately, along with the predictive role of bullying victimization in subgroup memberships and transitions. A total of 3510 adolescents (52.9% boy, M age = 13.36, SD = 0.50) participated in two waves of the study over six months. The results indicated that four and three profiles identified for girls and boys separately. Adolescents in at-risk profiles showed varying degrees of transition. Adolescents with more bullying victimization were more likely to belong or transition to at-risk profiles for both genders, and bullying victimization exacerbated girls transitioning into co-occurring high profile but not in boys. The findings indicate distinct profile and transition patterns of NSSI and depressive symptoms, as well as different risk role of bullying victimization on their profiles and transitions in boys and girls, highlighting the importance of gender differences in understanding co-occurring and transitional nature of NSSI and depressive symptoms and the risk role of bullying victimization, informing effective strategies for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuke Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Quanquan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
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27
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Bowman K, Cadman T, Goncalves Soares A, Robinson O, Hughes A, Heron J, Segal AB, Huerta MC, Howe LD. Mediators of the association between childhood body mass index and educational attainment: Analysis of a UK prospective cohort study. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13014. [PMID: 36823984 PMCID: PMC10909521 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood is associated with lower academic achievement. OBJECTIVE To explore potential pathways linking childhood BMI with educational attainment. METHODS Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children prospective cohort study (N = 6949), we assessed the association between BMI z-scores at 11.7 years and educational attainment at 16 (General Certificate of Secondary Education [GCSE] results). Depressive symptoms, externalizing behaviours, bullying and school enjoyment were considered as potential mediators. Mediators were examined individually and jointly using sequential causal mediation. RESULTS Higher BMI z-scores were associated with lower GCSE scores (females β = -3.47 95% CI -5.54, -1.41 males β = -4.33 95% CI -6.73, -1.94). Together, bullying, externalizing symptoms, depressive symptoms and school enjoyment mediated 41.9% of this association in females, and 23.3% in males. In males, evidence for mediation was weak (confidence intervals for all indirect effects spanned the null). In both females and males, most of the mediation was driven by externalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The detrimental effect of higher BMI on educational attainment appears to be partly explained by externalizing behaviours, particularly in females. Interventions to support behavioural problems may help the academic achievement of children with a higher body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Bowman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Tim Cadman
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ana Goncalves Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC Centre for Environment and HealthSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Amanda Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Jon Heron
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Alexa Blair Segal
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy InnovationImperial College Business SchoolLondonUK
| | - Maria Carmen Huerta
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy InnovationImperial College Business SchoolLondonUK
| | - Laura D. Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Population Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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28
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Ho YC, Chiou HY, Molloy L, Lin KC, Chang PC, Chang HJ. Identifying differential trajectories and predictors for depressive symptoms in adolescents using latent class growth analysis: A population-based cohort study. J Adolesc 2023. [PMID: 36946618 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the differential trajectories and relevant determinants of depressive symptoms in adolescents by following cohorts that included junior, senior, and vocational high school adolescents, over a 3-year period in Taiwan. METHODS Longitudinal data were obtained from 575 adolescents who participated in the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Study. Data analysis included latent class growth with time-varying covariate, univariate, and multivariate analysis. RESULTS A three-class ("low but increasing trajectory," "moderate and stable trajectory," and "high but decreasing trajectory") model fit the data of the cohort. Our findings indicated that 29%, 38%, and 33% of the adolescents were in the low but increasing, moderate and stable, and high but decreasing trajectories, respectively. After confounders were controlled for, bullying experiences were identified as a risk factor for depressive symptoms. The protective factors against depressive symptoms included resilience and peer and social support. CONCLUSIONS The transitions between different educational stages critically influence the depressive symptoms of adolescents, and the adolescents follow different depressive trajectories, that have different etiology. Therefore, identifying adolescents at high risk for depression and designing student-centered intervention programs through individualized and multidimensional assessment of depressive symptoms are crucial for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chung Ho
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Luke Molloy
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kuan-Chia Lin
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Community Medicine Research Center, Preventive Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pi-Chen Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Ju Chang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Efficient Smart Care Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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29
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Ge R, Sassi R, Yatham LN, Frangou S. Neuroimaging profiling identifies distinct brain maturational subtypes of youth with mood and anxiety disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1072-1078. [PMID: 36577839 PMCID: PMC10005933 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mood and anxiety disorders typically begin in adolescence and have overlapping clinical features but marked inter-individual variation in clinical presentation. The use of multimodal neuroimaging data may offer novel insights into the underlying brain mechanisms. We applied Heterogeneity Through Discriminative Analysis (HYDRA) to measures of regional brain morphometry, neurite density, and intracortical myelination to identify subtypes of youth, aged 9-10 years, with mood and anxiety disorders (N = 1931) compared to typically developing youth (N = 2823). We identified three subtypes that were robust to permutation testing and sample composition. Subtype 1 evidenced a pattern of imbalanced cortical-subcortical maturation compared to the typically developing group, with subcortical regions lagging behind prefrontal cortical thinning and myelination and greater cortical surface expansion globally. Subtype 2 displayed a pattern of delayed cortical maturation indicated by higher cortical thickness and lower cortical surface area expansion and myelination compared to the typically developing group. Subtype 3 showed evidence of atypical brain maturation involving globally lower cortical thickness and surface coupled with higher myelination and neural density. Subtype 1 had superior cognitive function in contrast to the other two subtypes that underperformed compared to the typically developing group. Higher levels of parental psychopathology, family conflict, and social adversity were common to all subtypes, with subtype 3 having the highest burden of adverse exposures. These analyses comprehensively characterize pre-adolescent mood and anxiety disorders, the biopsychosocial context in which they arise, and lay the foundation for the examination of the longitudinal evolution of the subtypes identified as the study sample transitions through adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ge
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Roberto Sassi
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Haltigan JD, Pringsheim TM, Rajkumar G. Social media as an incubator of personality and behavioral psychopathology: Symptom and disorder authenticity or psychosomatic social contagion? Compr Psychiatry 2023; 121:152362. [PMID: 36571927 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing recognition among both medical and psychological professionals, as well as the public media, of a concerning trend for child and adolescent users of audiovisual-based, algorithmic social media platforms (e.g., TikTok) to present with or claim functional psychiatric impairment that is inconsistent with or distinct from classic psychiatric nosology. In this short communication, we provide a detailed historical overview of this transdiagnostic phenomenon and suggest a conceptual model to organize thinking and research examining it. We then discuss the implications of our suggested model for accurate assessment, diagnosis, and medical-psychiatric treatment. We believe there is an urgent need for focused empirical research investigation into this concerning phenomenon that is related to the broader research and discourse examining social media influences on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Haltigan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Child & Youth Psychiatry, the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada.
| | - Tamara M Pringsheim
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Program Lead, Tourette and Pediatric Movement Disorders, Canada
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31
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Associations between HPA axis reactivity and PTSD and depressive symptoms: Importance of maltreatment type and puberty. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:130-141. [PMID: 34092276 PMCID: PMC8648873 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942100050x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is implicated in the etiology and maintenance of depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, different maltreatment experiences as well as the increased sensitivity of the HPA axis during puberty may alter associations between the HPA axis and mental health. To address these gaps, the current study examined the potential bidirectional associations between cortisol reactivity to a stressor, PTSD symptoms, and depressive symptoms among early adolescents across two time points, 1 year apart (n = 454; Mage = 10.98 at Time 1 and Mage = 12.11 at Time 2). Multiple-group path models tested the pathways between cortiol reactivity and mental health prior to and during puberty, for different types of maltreatment . Overall, the results showed that associations between cortisol output and symptoms of PTSD and depression were driven by those in the midst of puberty. Specifically, higher cortisol output at Time 1 was linked with higher levels of subsequent PTSD and depressive symptoms for neglected youth who had reached puberty. However, depressive symptoms predicted subsequent lower cortisol output for the physical abuse and emotional abuse groups. These findings demonstrate longitudinal links between cortisol, depressive symptoms, and PTSD symptoms among youth with different types of maltreatment histories and highlight the need to consider the reorganization of the stress system during puberty in order to advance our understanding of the HPA axis and mental health.
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32
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Brittain H, Vaillancourt T. Longitudinal associations between academic achievement and depressive symptoms in adolescence: Methodological considerations and analytical approaches for identifying temporal priority. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:327-355. [PMID: 37080673 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Failure to meet educational expectations in adolescence can derail an individual's potential, leading to hardship in adulthood. Lower academic achievement is also associated with poorer mental health, and both share common pathways to adult functional outcomes like employment status and economic security. Although linked in adolescence, and predictive of similar outcomes in adulthood, methodological and analytical limitations of the literature do not permit the assessment of the temporal priority between academic achievement and mental health. This omission of directionality hampers intervention and prevention efforts. In this narrative review, we summarize the literature on the temporal ordering between academic achievement and depressive symptoms in adolescence, a particularly vulnerable developmental period. We propose methodological and analytical strategies to guide future research to disentangle the chronological ordering between academic achievement and depressive symptoms-recommendations that can be used to examine other sets of correlated variables over time. Specifically, we highlight methodological issues that require attention such as the need to understand reciprocal and cascading influences over time by attending to repeated measures and timing, measurement consistency, reporter effects, examination of processes and mechanisms, and missing data. Finally, we discuss the need to embrace analytical methods that separate within-person from between-person effects; account for heterogeneity in associations using person-centered approaches; and use the two approaches as complementary, rather than competing, for a more holistic examination of temporality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Brittain
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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33
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Culpin I, Heuvelman H, Rai D, Pearson RM, Joinson C, Heron J, Evans J, Kwong ASF. Father absence and trajectories of offspring mental health across adolescence and young adulthood: Findings from a UK-birth cohort. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:150-159. [PMID: 35842065 PMCID: PMC10666570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prevalence of parental separation and resulting biological father absence raises important questions regarding its impact on offspring mental health across the life course. We specifically examined whether these relationships vary by sex and the timing of exposure to father absence (early or middle childhood). METHODS This study is based on up to 8409 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Participants provided self-reports of depression (Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised) at age 24 years and depressive symptoms (Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire) between the ages of 10 and 24 years. Biological father absence in childhood was assessed through maternal questionnaires at regular intervals from birth to 10 years. We estimated the association between biological father absence and trajectories of depressive symptoms using multilevel growth-curve modelling. RESULTS Early but not middle childhood father absence was strongly associated with increased odds of offspring depression and greater depressive symptoms at age 24 years. Early childhood father absence was associated with higher trajectories of depressive symptoms during adolescence and early adulthood compared with father presence. Differences in the level of depressive symptoms between middle childhood father absent and father present groups narrowed into adulthood. LIMITATIONS This study could be biased by attrition and residual confounding. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that father absence in childhood is persistently associated with offspring depression in adolescence and early adulthood. This relationship varies by sex and timing of father's departure, with early childhood father absence emerging as the strongest risk factor for adverse offspring mental health trajectories Further research is needed to identify mechanisms that could inform preventative interventions to reduce the risk of depression in children who experience father absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Culpin
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Hein Heuvelman
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dheeraj Rai
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Avon and Wiltshire Partnership National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca M Pearson
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Joinson
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Heron
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Evans
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Avon and Wiltshire Partnership National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Alex S F Kwong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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34
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Burton BK, Hermida Á, Bélanger-Quintana A, Bell H, Bjoraker KJ, Christ SE, Grant ML, Harding CO, Huijbregts SCJ, Longo N, McNutt MC, Nguyen-Driver MD, Santos Pessoa AL, Rocha JC, Sacharow S, Sanchez-Valle A, Sivri HS, Vockley J, Walterfang M, Whittle S, Muntau AC. Management of early treated adolescents and young adults with phenylketonuria: Development of international consensus recommendations using a modified Delphi approach. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:114-126. [PMID: 36027720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early treated patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) often become lost to follow-up from adolescence onwards due to the historical focus of PKU care on the pediatric population and lack of programs facilitating the transition to adulthood. As a result, evidence on the management of adolescents and young adults with PKU is limited. METHODS Two meetings were held with a multidisciplinary international panel of 25 experts in PKU and comorbidities frequently experienced by patients with PKU. Based on the outcomes of the first meeting, a set of statements were developed. During the second meeting, these statements were voted on for consensus generation (≥70% agreement), using a modified Delphi approach. RESULTS A total of 37 consensus recommendations were developed across five areas that were deemed important in the management of adolescents and young adults with PKU: (1) general physical health, (2) mental health and neurocognitive functioning, (3) blood Phe target range, (4) PKU-specific challenges, and (5) transition to adult care. The consensus recommendations reflect the personal opinions and experiences from the participating experts supported with evidence when available. Overall, clinicians managing adolescents and young adults with PKU should be aware of the wide variety of PKU-associated comorbidities, initiating screening at an early age. In addition, management of adolescents/young adults should be a joint effort between the patient, clinical center, and parents/caregivers supporting adolescents with gradually gaining independent control of their disease during the transition to adulthood. CONCLUSIONS A multidisciplinary international group of experts used a modified Delphi approach to develop a set of consensus recommendations with the aim of providing guidance and offering tools to clinics to aid with supporting adolescents and young adults with PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Burton
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Álvaro Hermida
- Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, CIBERER, MetabERN, Institute of Clinical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Heather Bell
- Fred A. Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shawn E Christ
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mitzie L Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cary O Harding
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Nicola Longo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Markey C McNutt
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mina D Nguyen-Driver
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - André L Santos Pessoa
- Pediatric Neurology Service, Albert Sabin Children's Hospital, University of Ceará State, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal; Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Sacharow
- CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amarilis Sanchez-Valle
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Serap Sivri
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Walterfang
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ania C Muntau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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35
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Zhu N, Hawke LD, Sanches MR, Henderson J. The impact of child maltreatment on mental health and substance use trajectories among adolescents. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 17:394-403. [PMID: 35934743 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is robust evidence that child maltreatment is a significant risk factor and linked to negative psychological outcomes. However, few studies have examined the impact of child maltreatment on mental health and substance use trajectories across adolescence. METHODS Data were drawn from a larger longitudinal project, in which participants were recruited starting in grade 7-8 and followed on two more occasions biennially. The final baseline sample was comprised of 765 youth (Mage = 12.73, SD = 0.67, 49.7% female, 57.6% Caucasian/White). Multivariate multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine whether youth with maltreatment histories differed in their internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problems trajectories (based on previous studies) than youth without maltreatment histories. Moderation analyses using multinomial logistic regression were also conducted to examine perceived family support and school connectedness as protective factors against the impact of maltreatment. RESULTS Youth who experienced maltreatment were more likely to display more severe internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problem trajectories than youth without such histories. While not significant as moderators, perceived family support and school connectedness were significantly associated with each of the trajectories, with lower levels of perceived family support and school connectedness linked to more severe problem trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the ongoing and significant harmful impact of maltreatment among youth. Results also support further prevention and intervention efforts for child maltreatment, particularly at the family and school level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhu
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa D Hawke
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcos R Sanches
- Biostatistics Core, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Henderson
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Orben A, Lucas RE, Fuhrmann D, Kievit RA. Trajectories of adolescent life satisfaction. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211808. [PMID: 35937913 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global policy interest in measuring and improving population wellbeing has prompted academic investigations into the dynamics of lifespan life satisfaction. Yet little research has assessed the complete adolescent age range, although it harbours developmental changes that could affect wellbeing far into adulthood. This study investigates how life satisfaction develops throughout the whole of adolescence, and compares this development to that in adulthood, by applying exploratory and confirmatory latent growth curve modelling to UK and German data, respectively (37 076 participants, 10-24 years). We find a near universal decrease in life satisfaction during adolescence. This decrease is steeper than at any other point across adulthood. Further, our findings suggest that adolescent girls' life satisfaction is lower than boys', but that this difference does not extend into adulthood. The study highlights the importance of studying adolescent subjective wellbeing trajectories to inform research, policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Orben
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard E Lucas
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Delia Fuhrmann
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rogier A Kievit
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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37
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Orben A, Lucas RE, Fuhrmann D, Kievit RA. Trajectories of adolescent life satisfaction. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211808. [PMID: 35937913 PMCID: PMC9346371 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global policy interest in measuring and improving population wellbeing has prompted academic investigations into the dynamics of lifespan life satisfaction. Yet little research has assessed the complete adolescent age range, although it harbours developmental changes that could affect wellbeing far into adulthood. This study investigates how life satisfaction develops throughout the whole of adolescence, and compares this development to that in adulthood, by applying exploratory and confirmatory latent growth curve modelling to UK and German data, respectively (37 076 participants, 10-24 years). We find a near universal decrease in life satisfaction during adolescence. This decrease is steeper than at any other point across adulthood. Further, our findings suggest that adolescent girls' life satisfaction is lower than boys', but that this difference does not extend into adulthood. The study highlights the importance of studying adolescent subjective wellbeing trajectories to inform research, policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Orben
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard E. Lucas
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Delia Fuhrmann
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rogier A. Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
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Hirtz R, Hars C, Naaresh R, Laabs BH, Antel J, Grasemann C, Hinney A, Hebebrand J, Peters T. Causal Effect of Age at Menarche on the Risk for Depression: Results From a Two-Sample Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Genet 2022; 13:918584. [PMID: 35903354 PMCID: PMC9315288 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.918584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A fair number of epidemiological studies suggest that age at menarche (AAM) is associated with depression, but the reported effect sizes are small, and there is evidence of residual confounding. Moreover, previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to avoid inferential problems inherent to epidemiological studies have provided mixed findings. To clarify the causal relationship between age at menarche and broadly defined depression risk, we used 360 genome-wide significantly AAM-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variable and data from the latest GWAS for the broadly defined depression risk on 807,553 individuals (246,363 cases and 561,190 controls). Multiple methods to account for heterogeneity of the instrumental variable (penalized weighted median, MR Lasso, and contamination mixture method), systematic and idiosyncratic pleiotropy (MR RAPS), and horizontal pleiotropy (MR PRESSO and multivariable MR using three methods) were used. Body mass index, education attainment, and total white blood count were considered pleiotropic phenotypes in the multivariable MR analysis. In the univariable [inverse-variance weighted (IVW): OR = 0.96, 95% confidence interval = 0.94–0.98, p = 0.0003] and multivariable MR analysis (IVW: OR = 0.96, 95% confidence interval = 0.94–0.99, p = 0.007), there was a significant causal effect of AAM on depression risk. Thus, the present study supports conclusions from previous epidemiological studies implicating AAM in depression without the pitfalls of residual confounding and reverse causation. Considering the adverse consequences of an earlier AAM on mental health, this finding should foster efforts to address risk factors that promote an earlier AAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Hirtz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Raphael Hirtz, , orcid.org/0000-0003-1162-4305
| | - Christine Hars
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Roaa Naaresh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Björn-Hergen Laabs
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein—Campus Lübeck, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Corinna Grasemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rare Diseases and CeSER, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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León-Moreno C, Suárez-Relinque C, Musitu-Ferrer D, Herrero J. Peer Victimization, Peer Aggression and Depressive Symptoms over Time: A Longitudinal Study with Latent Growth Curves. INTERVENCION PSICOSOCIAL 2022; 31:169-176. [PMID: 37361014 PMCID: PMC10268550 DOI: 10.5093/pi2022a13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Most empirical research on the relationship between peer victimization, aggression, and mental health has been conducted with correlational designs. Much of this research has also focused primarily on linking peer victimization with either the potential aggressive behaviors of victims or a deterioration in their mental health. This study analyzes the relationship between peer victimization, peer aggression, and depressive symptoms in adolescents over time. The participants are 194 adolescents (49.2% boys, 50.8% girls) aged between 10 and 13 years (M = 10.88, SD = 0.84). The results of the growth modeling analysis indicate that the trajectories are interconnected: as victimization decreases, adolescent aggression and depressive symptoms also decrease. In addition, it is observed that victimization decreased in the same way in boys and girls, while aggression and depressive symptoms showed a smaller reduction in girls. Finally, the results and their potential practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Musitu-Ferrer
- Pablo de Olavide UniversitySevilleSpainPablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain;
| | - Juan Herrero
- University of OviedoOviedoSpainUniversity of Oviedo, Spain
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40
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Guo X, Qin H, Jiang K, Luo L. Parent-Child Discrepancy in Educational Aspirations and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1983-1996. [PMID: 35751718 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents may have educational aspirations that are different from their parents' educational aspirations for them, and such discrepancy may affect adolescents' psychological adjustment. This longitudinal study examined how parent-child discrepancy in educational aspirations relate to depressive symptoms in early adolescents, both concurrently and prospectively, when controlling for parents' depressive symptoms. Moreover, parent and child gender differences in the effects were explored. Data were collected from 3799 students (52.0% boys; Mage = 10.78) and their fathers and mothers when the students were in fifth and seventh grade over 2 years. Polynomial regression with response surface analysis was used to analyze the effects of parent-child aspiration discrepancy on depressive symptoms separately in four parent-child gender dyads. Cross-sectional results demonstrated that for all parent-child gender dyads, congruently higher aspirations were related to lower depressive symptoms, and greater incongruence in aspirations was related to higher depressive symptoms. Moreover, for parent-son dyads, adolescents whose aspirations were lower than those of their parents reported higher depressive symptoms than adolescents whose aspirations were higher than those of their parents. However, longitudinal results further showed that, for father-son dyads only, congruently higher aspirations were related to increased depressive symptoms over time, while for parent-daughter dyads only, greater incongruence in aspirations was related to increased depressive symptoms over time. The findings support the importance of considering parent-child discrepancy when exploring the role of educational aspirations in adolescents' psychological adjustment and call for a more detailed and rigorous analysis and interpretation of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Huan Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Liang Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China. .,Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China.
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41
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Elhakeem A, Hughes RA, Tilling K, Cousminer DL, Jackowski SA, Cole TJ, Kwong ASF, Li Z, Grant SFA, Baxter-Jones ADG, Zemel BS, Lawlor DA. Using linear and natural cubic splines, SITAR, and latent trajectory models to characterise nonlinear longitudinal growth trajectories in cohort studies. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:68. [PMID: 35291947 PMCID: PMC8925070 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal data analysis can improve our understanding of the influences on health trajectories across the life-course. There are a variety of statistical models which can be used, and their fitting and interpretation can be complex, particularly where there is a nonlinear trajectory. Our aim was to provide an accessible guide along with applied examples to using four sophisticated modelling procedures for describing nonlinear growth trajectories. METHODS This expository paper provides an illustrative guide to summarising nonlinear growth trajectories for repeatedly measured continuous outcomes using (i) linear spline and (ii) natural cubic spline linear mixed-effects (LME) models, (iii) Super Imposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR) nonlinear mixed effects models, and (iv) latent trajectory models. The underlying model for each approach, their similarities and differences, and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Their application and correct interpretation of their results is illustrated by analysing repeated bone mass measures to characterise bone growth patterns and their sex differences in three cohort studies from the UK, USA, and Canada comprising 8500 individuals and 37,000 measurements from ages 5-40 years. Recommendations for choosing a modelling approach are provided along with a discussion and signposting on further modelling extensions for analysing trajectory exposures and outcomes, and multiple cohorts. RESULTS Linear and natural cubic spline LME models and SITAR provided similar summary of the mean bone growth trajectory and growth velocity, and the sex differences in growth patterns. Growth velocity (in grams/year) peaked during adolescence, and peaked earlier in females than males e.g., mean age at peak bone mineral content accrual from multicohort SITAR models was 12.2 years in females and 13.9 years in males. Latent trajectory models (with trajectory shapes estimated using a natural cubic spline) identified up to four subgroups of individuals with distinct trajectories throughout adolescence. CONCLUSIONS LME models with linear and natural cubic splines, SITAR, and latent trajectory models are useful for describing nonlinear growth trajectories, and these methods can be adapted for other complex traits. Choice of method depends on the research aims, complexity of the trajectory, and available data. Scripts and synthetic datasets are provided for readers to replicate trajectory modelling and visualisation using the R statistical computing software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elhakeem
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Rachael A Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefan A Jackowski
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim J Cole
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alex S F Kwong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zheyuan Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Cahill S, Hager R, Chandola T. The validity of the residuals approach to measuring resilience to adverse childhood experiences. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:18. [PMID: 35232481 PMCID: PMC8889660 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to maintain or regain functioning in the face of adversity. Recent work to harmonise the quantification and definition of resilience quantifies resilience as the residual variance in psychosocial functioning that remains after accounting for adversity exposure. However, there have been no published studies that have formally investigated the validity of this approach. Considering this, we examine the construct and predictive validity of the residuals approach using participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a multigenerational, longitudinal cohort study. METHODS We regressed exposures of adolescent adversity on adolescent psychopathology scores using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and obtained the residual variance. We investigated construct validity by analysing whether previously identified demographic and resilience factors significantly predicted resilience. Predictive validity of resilience was investigated by comparing the predictive power of resilience with other determinants of psychosocial functioning on two developmental outcomes: depressive symptoms at 18 years, measured by the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire, and NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) status at 17 and 23 years. The associations between depressive symptoms at 18, resilience, ACEs and covariates were tested using multiple linear regression. NEET status at 17 and 23 were run as separate binary multiple logistic regression models to test associations with resilience and known demographics previously associated with NEET status. RESULTS Seven previously identified protective factors, including self-esteem, positive sibling relationship, temperament, and positive perception of school, significantly predicted resilience to adolescent psychopathology, thus providing strong construct validity. Resilience significantly predicted a reduction in depressive symptoms at 18 years, and significantly decreased the likelihood of having NEET status at both 17 years and 23 years, even after taking into account early childhood adversity and other risk factors. None of the socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with resilience. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the residuals method of operationalising resilience has good construct and predictive validity yet recommend replication studies. It has the potential to advance research into the mechanisms and modifiability of resilience. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cahill
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,Faculty of Humanities, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Reinmar Hager
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tarani Chandola
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Faculty of Humanities, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Methods Hub, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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43
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Repetitive Negative Thinking Processes Account for Gender Differences in Depression and Anxiety During Adolescence. Int J Cogn Ther 2022; 15:115-133. [PMID: 35251444 PMCID: PMC8881790 DOI: 10.1007/s41811-022-00133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rumination and worry are vulnerability factors involved in the early development of depression and anxiety during adolescence, particularly in girls. Current views conceptualize rumination and worry as transdiagnostic forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT). However, most of research has analyzed them separately, without considering gender differences. We analyzed common and specific roles of rumination and worry in accounting for depressive and anxiety symptom levels overall and as a function of gender in adolescents (N = 159). Rumination and worry items were loaded into separate RNT factors. Girls showed a higher use of rumination and worry and higher levels of depression and anxiety than boys. Structural equation modeling supported that both RNT factors accounted for gender differences in symptom levels: rumination was the strongest mediator for depression and worry the strongest mediator for anxiety. Our findings support both general and specific contributions of RNT to account for affective symptomatology during adolescence, particularly in girls.
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Suryaputri IY, Mubasyiroh R, Idaiani S, Indrawati L. Determinants of Depression in Indonesian Youth: Findings From a Community-based Survey. J Prev Med Public Health 2022; 55:88-97. [PMID: 35135052 PMCID: PMC8841193 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.21.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the determinants of depression in adolescents and young adults. Methods The present study analyzed data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey (Riset Kesehatan Dasar; RISKESDAS). The study subjects were adolescents (15-17 years old) and young adults (18-24 years old). In total, 64 179 subjects were included. Univariable, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between youths’ characteristics, risky behavior, chronic disease, parents’ health, and youths’ depression. Results The prevalence of depression was 5.1% in adolescents and 5.6% in young adults. The risk factors for depression in adolescents were being women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.89 to 4.30; p<0.001), an ex-smoker (aOR, 2.99; 95% CI, 2.10 to 4.25; p<0.001), or a current smoker (aOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.97 to 3.44; p<0.001); consuming alcohol (aOR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.33 to 3.01; p=0.001), having a chronic disease (aOR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.41 to 4.96; p=0.002); maternal depression (aOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.97 to 3.09; p<0.001); and paternal depression (aOR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.98 to 3.50; p<0.001). In young adults, the risk factors were being women (aOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.82 to 2.75; p<0.001) or an ex-smoker (aOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.67 to 3.67; p<0.001), consuming alcohol (aOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.89 to 3.09; p<0.001), maternal depression (aOR, 3.12; 95% CI, 2.54 to 3.84; p<0.001), and paternal depression (aOR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.17 to 3.63; p<0.001). Conclusions Being women, smoking, drinking alcohol, having a chronic disease, and having a parent with depression were crucial factors associated with youth depression. Mental health screening, prevention, and treatment should involve collaboration among primary healthcare, schools, universities, professionals, and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indri Yunita Suryaputri
- Center for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Jakarta, Indonesia
- Corresponding author: Indri Yunita Suryaputri Center for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Jakarta 10560, Indonesia E-mail:
| | - Rofingatul Mubasyiroh
- Center for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sri Idaiani
- Center for Research and Development of Health Resources and Services, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lely Indrawati
- Center for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Jakarta, Indonesia
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45
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Herbert A, Heron J, Barnes M, Barter C, Feder G, Meghrawi K, Szilassy E, Fraser A, Howe LD. Exploring the causal role of intimate partner violence and abuse on depressive symptoms in young adults: a population-based cohort study. BMC Med 2022; 20:1. [PMID: 35000596 PMCID: PMC8744329 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown an association between experience of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) and depression. Whether this is a causal relationship or explained by prior vulnerability that influences the risk of both IPVA and depression is not known. METHODS We analysed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children prospective cohort (N = 1764 women, 1028 men). To assess the causal association between IPVA at 18-21 years old and logged depressive symptom scores at age 23, we used (i) multivariable linear regression, (ii) inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and (iii) difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis, which compared the mean change in logged depressive symptom scores between ages 16 and 23 between those who experienced IPVA and those who did not. RESULTS Women who experienced IPVA had on average 26% higher depressive symptom scores after adjustment for measured confounders (ratio of geometric means 1.26, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.40). In men, the difference was 5% (ratio of geometric means 1.05, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.21). Results from IPTW analysis were similar. In the DiD analysis, there was no evidence that being exposed to IPVA affected the change in depressive symptom scores over time compared to being in the non-exposed group for either women (difference-in-differences 1%, -12 to 16%) or men (-1%, -19 to 20%). CONCLUSIONS Multivariable linear regression and IPTW suggested an association between IPVA and higher depressive symptom score in women but not men, but DiD analysis indicated a null effect in both women and men. This suggests the causal origins of higher depressive symptoms in this young adult population are likely to reflect prior vulnerability that leads to both higher depressive symptoms and increased risk of IPVA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Herbert
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Maria Barnes
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Gene Feder
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Eszter Szilassy
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Abigail Fraser
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura D Howe
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
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Hughes AM, Sanderson E, Morris T, Ayorech Z, Tesli M, Ask H, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Andreassen OA, Magnus P, Helgeland Ø, Johansson S, Njølstad P, Davey Smith G, Havdahl A, Howe LD, Davies NM. Body mass index and childhood symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A within-family Mendelian randomization study. eLife 2022; 11:74320. [PMID: 36537070 PMCID: PMC9767454 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Higher BMI in childhood is associated with emotional and behavioural problems, but these associations may not be causal. Results of previous genetic studies imply causal effects but may reflect influence of demography and the family environment. Methods This study used data on 40,949 8-year-old children and their parents from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). We investigated the impact of BMI on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at age 8. We applied within-family Mendelian randomization, which accounts for familial effects by controlling for parental genotype. Results Within-family Mendelian randomization estimates using genetic variants associated with BMI in adults suggested that a child's own BMI increased their depressive symptoms (per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, beta = 0.26 S.D., CI = -0.01,0.52, p=0.06) and ADHD symptoms (beta = 0.38 S.D., CI = 0.09,0.63, p=0.009). These estimates also suggested maternal BMI, or related factors, may independently affect a child's depressive symptoms (per 5 kg/m2 increase in maternal BMI, beta = 0.11 S.D., CI:0.02,0.09, p=0.01). However, within-family Mendelian randomization using genetic variants associated with retrospectively-reported childhood body size did not support an impact of BMI on these outcomes. There was little evidence from any estimate that the parents' BMI affected the child's ADHD symptoms, or that the child's or parents' BMI affected the child's anxiety symptoms. Conclusions We found inconsistent evidence that a child's BMI affected their depressive and ADHD symptoms, and little evidence that a child's BMI affected their anxiety symptoms. There was limited evidence of an influence of parents' BMI. Genetic studies in samples of unrelated individuals, or using genetic variants associated with adult BMI, may have overestimated the causal effects of a child's own BMI. Funding This research was funded by the Health Foundation. It is part of the HARVEST collaboration, supported by the Research Council of Norway. Individual co-author funding: the European Research Council, the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, the Research Council of Norway, Helse Vest, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the University of Bergen, the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, the Trond Mohn Foundation, the Western Norway Regional Health Authority, the Norwegian Diabetes Association, the UK Medical Research Council. The Medical Research Council (MRC) and the University of Bristol support the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Hughes
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield GroveBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield GroveBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Tim Morris
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield GroveBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Ziada Ayorech
- PROMENTA Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of OsloOsloNorway,Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Martin Tesli
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Helga Ask
- PROMENTA Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of OsloOsloNorway,Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Øyvind Helgeland
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of BergenBergenNorway,Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Pål Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of BergenBergenNorway,Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield GroveBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield GroveBristolUnited Kingdom,PROMENTA Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of OsloOsloNorway,Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal HospitalOsloNorway,Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Laura D Howe
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield GroveBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Neil M Davies
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield GroveBristolUnited Kingdom,K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyHøgskoleringenNorway
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Kwong ASF, Morris TT, Pearson RM, Timpson NJ, Rice F, Stergiakouli E, Tilling K. Polygenic risk for depression, anxiety and neuroticism are associated with the severity and rate of change in depressive symptoms across adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:1462-1474. [PMID: 33778956 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence marks a period where depression will commonly onset. Twin studies show that genetic influences play a role in how depression develops and changes across adolescence. Recent genome-wide association studies highlight that common genetic variants - which can be combined into polygenic risk scores (PRS) - are also implicated in depression. However, the role of PRS in adolescent depression and changes in adolescent depression is not yet understood. We aimed to examine associations between PRS for five psychiatric traits and depressive symptoms measured across adolescence using cross-sectional and growth-curve models. The five PRS were as follows: depression (DEP), major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety (ANX), neuroticism (NEU) and schizophrenia (SCZ). METHODS We used data from over 6,000 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to examine associations between the five PRS and self-reported depressive symptoms (Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire) over 9 occasions from 10 to 24 years. The PRS were created from well-powered genome-wide association studies conducted in adult populations. We examined cross-sectional associations between the PRS at each age and then again with longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms in a repeated measures framework using multilevel growth-curve analysis to examine the severity and the rate of change. RESULTS There was strong evidence that higher PRS for DEP, MDD and NEU were associated with worse depressive symptoms throughout adolescence and into young adulthood in our cross-sectional analysis, with consistent associations observed across all nine occasions. Growth-curve analyses provided stronger associations (as measured by effect sizes) and additional insights, demonstrating that individuals with higher PRS for DEP, MDD and NEU had steeper trajectories of depressive symptoms across development, all with a greater increasing rate of change during adolescence. Evidence was less consistent for the ANX and SCZ PRS in the cross-sectional analysis, yet there was some evidence for an increasing rate of change in adolescence in the growth-curve analyses with the ANX PRS. CONCLUSIONS These results show that common genetic variants as indexed by varying psychiatric PRS show patterns of specificity that influence both the severity and rate of change in depressive symptoms throughout adolescence and then into young adulthood. Longitudinal data that make use of repeated measures designs have the potential to provide greater insights how genetic factors influence the onset and persistence of adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S F Kwong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim T Morris
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca M Pearson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Frances Rice
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Evie Stergiakouli
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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48
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Association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in children: The mediating role of self-esteem. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:322-328. [PMID: 34311332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying victimization is becoming an increasing problem among children. This longitudinal study examined the relation of bullying victimization (both traditional and cyberbullying victimization) to subsequent depressive symptoms and the possible mediating role of self-esteem among children. METHODS A total of 4043 Chinese elementary school children in Grades 3 and 4 comprised the sample. Assessments were conducted every six months on five occasions. Latent growth curve modeling was applied to examine the longitudinal relations among the variables. RESULTS Results showed that (a) bullying victimization was positively and significantly associated with subsequent depressive symptoms; (b) self-esteem played an important mediating role in the relation between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS The study only considered self-esteem as a mediator. The generalizability of the results should be made cautiously. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the relation between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms among children, suggesting that intervention programs target bullying victimization and self-esteem to reduce the likelihood of depressive symptoms among children.
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49
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Meier MH, Beardslee J, Pardini D. Associations between Recent and Cumulative Cannabis Use and Internalizing Problems in Boys from Adolescence to Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 48:771-782. [PMID: 32219606 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study tested whether increases in recent and cumulative cannabis use were each associated with increases in internalizing problems from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants were boys from a community sample that was assessed annually from ~age 15-26 (N = 506). Boys reported on their cannabis use, depression symptoms, and anxiety/depression problems each year. Exposures were frequency of cannabis use in a given year (no use, < weekly use, weekly or more frequent use) and cumulative prior years of weekly cannabis use. Outcomes were depression symptoms and anxiety/depression problems in a given year. Analyses examined within-person associations between changes in exposures and outcomes over time, which eliminated "fixed" (unchanging) individual differences as potential confounds. Analyses also accounted for time-varying factors as potential confounds (other substance use, externalizing problems, subclinical psychotic symptoms). Results showed that increases in recent cannabis use and cumulative prior years of weekly cannabis use were each associated with increases in depression symptoms and anxiety/depression problems. After controlling for time-varying covariates, increases in cumulative prior years of weekly cannabis use, but not recent cannabis use, remained associated with increases in depression symptoms and anxiety/depression problems. Specifically, each additional year of prior weekly cannabis use was associated with a small increase in depression symptoms (b = 0.012, p = .005) and anxiety/depression problems (b = 0.009, p = .001). Associations did not vary systematically across time. There was also no evidence of reverse causation. As boys engaged in weekly cannabis use for more years, they showed increases in internalizing problems, suggesting the importance of preventing chronic weekly cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline H Meier
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA.
| | - Jordan Beardslee
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Dustin Pardini
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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50
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Kern C, Wan J, LeWinn KZ, Ramirez FD, Lee Y, McCulloch CE, Langan SM, Abuabara K. Association of Atopic Dermatitis and Mental Health Outcomes Across Childhood: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 157:1200-1208. [PMID: 34468686 PMCID: PMC8411354 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Research has highlighted associations between atopic dermatitis (AD) and mental health conditions in adults. However, literature on the development of mental health comorbidities in children is limited despite the large burden of pediatric AD worldwide. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between AD and internalizing behaviors and symptoms of depression at multiple points across childhood and adolescence and to explore potential mediating factors, including asthma/rhinitis, sleep, and inflammation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This longitudinal, population-based birth cohort study included children followed up from birth for a mean (SD) duration of 10.0 (2.9) years from the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Data were collected from September 6, 1990, to December 31, 2009. Data were analyzed from August 30, 2019, to July 30, 2020. EXPOSURES Annual period prevalence of AD assessed at 11 points from 6 months to 18 years of age, measured by standardized questions about flexural dermatitis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Symptoms of depression, measured using child-reported responses to the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire at 5 points from 10 to 18 years of age and internalizing behaviors, measured by maternal report of the Emotional Symptoms subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire at 7 points from 4 to 16 years of age. RESULTS Among the 11 181 children included in the analysis (5721 male [51.2%]), the period prevalence of symptoms of depression ranged from 6.0% to 21.6%; for internalizing behaviors, from 10.4% to 16.0%. Although mild to moderate AD was not associated with symptoms of depression, it was associated with internalizing behaviors as early as 4 years of age (mean increased odds of 29%-84% across childhood in adjusted models). Severe AD was associated with symptoms of depression (adjusted odds ratio, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.21-4.72) and internalizing symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.14-3.16). Sleep quality mediated some of this association, but it was not explained by differences in sleep duration, asthma/rhinitis, or levels of inflammatory markers (interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Within this population-based birth cohort study in the UK, severe AD was associated with symptoms of depression and internalizing behaviors throughout childhood and adolescence. Risk of internalizing symptoms was increased even for children with mild AD beginning early in childhood, highlighting the importance of behavioral and mental health awareness in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Kern
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Joy Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Yong Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Charles E McCulloch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Sinéad M Langan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina Abuabara
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco.,Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
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