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Singh M, Raghav A, Gautam KA. Role of the circulatory interleukin-6 in the pathogenesis of gliomas: A systematic review. World J Methodol 2022; 12:428-437. [PMID: 36186749 PMCID: PMC9516551 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v12.i5.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary tumor in the brain originating from glial cells. In spite of extensive research, the overall survival rate is not enhanced. A number of published articles observed differentially circulating levels of cytokines in glioma. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein coded by IL-6 gene is regulated by the immune system and it has been found to have a significant role in progression and apoptosis resistance of glioma.
AIM To review the role of circulatory IL-6 in the development and progression of glioma and its utility as a biomarker.
METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were applied to filter the relevant studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We used a combination of keywords and the Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) tool to search the potential studies and performed data extraction from selected studies.
RESULTS The published results were inconsistent; however, most studies showed a significantly higher IL-6 level in glioma cases as compared to controls. Comparative IL-6 level among the different grades of glioma showed a higher level with low-grade gliomas and lower level with high-grade gliomas.
CONCLUSION IL-6 level significantly differed between cases and controls, and among different cancer stages, which shows its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur 208001, India
| | - Alok Raghav
- Department of Neurosurgery, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur 208001, India
| | - Kirti Amresh Gautam
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
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2
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Shrivastava R, Gandhi P, Gothalwal R. The road-map for establishment of a prognostic molecular marker panel in glioma using liquid biopsy: current status and future directions. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1702-1714. [PMID: 35653004 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are primary intracranial tumors with defined molecular markers available for precise diagnosis. The prognosis of glioma is bleak as there is an overlook of the dynamic crosstalk between tumor cells and components of the microenvironment. Herein, different phases of gliomagenesis are presented with reference to the role and involvement of secreted proteomic markers at various stages of tumor initiation and development. The secreted markers of inflammatory response, namely interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-ϒ, and kynurenine, proliferation markers human telomerase reverse transcriptase and microtubule-associated-protein-Tau, and stemness marker human-mobility-group-AThook-1 are involved in glial tumor initiation and growth. Further, hypoxia and angiogenic factors, heat-shock-protein-70, endothelial-growth-factor-receptor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor play a major role in promoting vascularization and tumor volume expansion. Eventually, molecules such as matrix-metalloprotease-7 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 contribute to the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, ultimately leading to glioma progression. Our study delineates the roadmap to develop and evaluate a non-invasive panel of secreted biomarkers using liquid biopsy for precisely evaluating disease progression, to accomplish a clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Shrivastava
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Raisen Bypass Road, Bhopal, M.P., 462038, India
| | - Puneet Gandhi
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Raisen Bypass Road, Bhopal, M.P., 462038, India.
| | - Ragini Gothalwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M.P., 462026, India
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3
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Multiple Faces of the Glioblastoma Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020595. [PMID: 35054779 PMCID: PMC8775531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a highly dynamic accumulation of resident and infiltrating tumor cells, responsible for growth and invasion. The authors focused on the leading-edge concepts regarding the glioblastoma microenvironment. Due to the fact that the modern trend in the research and treatment of glioblastoma is represented by multiple approaches that target not only the primary tumor but also the neighboring tissue, the study of the microenvironment in the peritumoral tissue is an appealing direction for current and future therapies.
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4
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Ali H, Harting R, de Vries R, Ali M, Wurdinger T, Best MG. Blood-Based Biomarkers for Glioma in the Context of Gliomagenesis: A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:665235. [PMID: 34150629 PMCID: PMC8211985 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.665235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common and aggressive tumors of the central nervous system. A robust and widely used blood-based biomarker for glioma has not yet been identified. In recent years, a plethora of new research on blood-based biomarkers for glial tumors has been published. In this review, we question which molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, circulating cells, and metabolomics, are most promising blood-based biomarkers for glioma diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and other purposes, and align them to the seminal processes of cancer. METHODS The Pubmed and Embase databases were systematically searched. Biomarkers were categorized in the identified biomolecules and biosources. Biomarker characteristics were assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and/or specificity values and the degree of statistical significance among the assessed clinical groups was reported. RESULTS 7,919 references were identified: 3,596 in PubMed and 4,323 in Embase. Following screening of titles, abstracts and availability of full-text, 262 articles were included in the final systematic review. Panels of multiple biomarkers together consistently reached AUCs >0.8 and accuracies >80% for various purposes but especially for diagnostics. The accuracy of single biomarkers, consisting of only one measurement, was far more variable, but single microRNAs and proteins are generally more promising as compared to other biomarker types. CONCLUSION Panels of microRNAs and proteins are most promising biomarkers, while single biomarkers such as GFAP, IL-10 and individual miRNAs also hold promise. It is possible that panels are more accurate once these are involved in different, complementary cancer-related molecular pathways, because not all pathways may be dysregulated in cancer patients. As biomarkers seem to be increasingly dysregulated in patients with short survival, higher tumor grades and more pathological tumor types, it can be hypothesized that more pathways are dysregulated as the degree of malignancy of the glial tumor increases. Despite, none of the biomarkers found in the literature search seem to be currently ready for clinical implementation, and most of the studies report only preliminary application of the identified biomarkers. Hence, large-scale validation of currently identified and potential novel biomarkers to show clinical utility is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Romée Harting
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ralph de Vries
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meedie Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Myron G. Best
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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5
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Song L, Wang S, Fang T, Qiu X, Wang X, Zhou X, Morse MA, Hobeika A, Wu W, Yang H, Ren J, Lyerly HK. Changes in Peripheral Blood Regulatory T Cells and IL-6 and IL-10 Levels Predict Response of Pediatric Medulloblastoma and Germ Cell Tumors With Residual or Disseminated Disease to Craniospinal Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:479-490. [PMID: 33974888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy (RT) modulates immune cells and cytokines, resulting in both clinically beneficial and detrimental effects. The changes in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines during RT for pediatric brain tumors and the association of these changes with therapeutic outcomes have not been well described. METHODS AND MATERIALS The study population consisted of children (n = 83, aged 3~18) with primary brain tumors (medulloblastoma, glioma, germ cell tumors (GCT), and central nervous system embryonal tumor-not otherwise specified), with or without residual or disseminated (R/D) diseases who were starting standard postoperative focal or craniospinal irradiation (CSI). Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets collected before and 4 weeks after RT were enumerated by flow cytometry. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and IL-17A were measured by cytometric bead array. RESULTS Patients with R/D lesions receiving CSI (n = 32) had a post-RT increase in the frequency of CD3+T and CD8+T cells, a decrease in CD4+T cells, and an increase in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD8+CD28- suppressor cells, which was more predominantly seen in these patients than in other groups. In the CSI group with such R/D lesions, consisting of patients with medulloblastoma and germ cell tumors, 19 experienced a complete response (CR) and 13 experienced a partial response (PR) on imaging at 4 weeks after RT. The post/pre-RT ratio of Tregs (P = .0493), IL-6 (P = .0111), and IL-10 (P = .0070) was lower in the CR group than in the PR group. Multivariate analysis revealed that the post/pre-RT ratios of Treg, IL-6, and IL-10 were independent predictors of CR (P < .0001, P = .018, P < .0001, respectively). The areas under the receiver operating curves and confidence intervals were 0.7652 (0.5831-0.8964), 0.7794 (0.5980-0.9067), and 0.7085 (0.5223-0.8552) for IL-6, IL-10, and Treg, respectively. The sensitivities of IL-6, IL-10, and Treg to predict radiotherapeutic responses were 100%, 92.3%, and 61.5%, and specificity was 52.6%, 57.9%, and 84.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CSI treatment to those with R/D lesions predominantly exerted an effect on antitumor immune response compared with both R/D lesion-free but exposed to focal or CSI RT and with R/D lesions and exposed to focal RT. Such CSI with R/D lesions group experiencing CR is more likely to have a decrease in immunoinhibitory molecules and cells than patients who only achieve PR. Measuring peripheral blood Treg, IL-6, and IL-10 levels could be valuable for predicting radiotherapeutic responses of pediatric brain tumors with R/D lesions to CSI for medulloblastoma and intracranial germ cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Song
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Departments of Radio-Oncology, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Tong Fang
- Departments of Radio-Oncology, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xinna Zhou
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Michael A Morse
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amy Hobeika
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wanshui Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Huabing Yang
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Herbert Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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6
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Jones J, Nguyen H, Drummond K, Morokoff A. Circulating Biomarkers for Glioma: A Review. Neurosurgery 2021; 88:E221-E230. [PMID: 33442748 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate circulating biomarkers have potential clinical applications in population screening, tumor subclassification, monitoring tumor status, and the delivery of individualized treatments resulting from tumor genotyping. Recently, significant progress has been made within this field in several cancer types, but despite the many potential benefits, currently there is no validated circulating biomarker test for patients with glioma. A number of circulating factors have been examined, including circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA, microRNA, exosomes, and proteins from both peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid with variable results. In the following article, we provide a narrative review of the current evidence pertaining to circulating biomarkers in patients with glioma, including discussion of the advantages and challenges encountered with the current methods used for discovery. Additionally, the potential clinical applications are described with reference to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Jones
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hong Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katharine Drummond
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Yuksel U, Ogden M, Ozdemir A, Kisa U, Bakar B. Predictive diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers obtained from routine blood biochemistry in patients with solitary intracranial tumor. J Med Biochem 2021; 40:67-73. [PMID: 33584142 PMCID: PMC7857846 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-24722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiological and/or laboratory tests may be sometimes inadequate distinguishing glioblastoma from metastatic brain tumors. The aim of this study was to find possible predictive biomarkers produced from routine blood biochemistry analysis results evaluated preoperatively in each patient with solitary brain tumor in distinguishing glioblastoma from metastatic brain tumors as well as revealing short-term prognosis. Methods Patients admitted to neurosurgery clinic between January 2015 and September 2018 were included in this study and they were divided into GLIOMA (n=12) and METASTASIS (n=17) groups. Patients' data consisted of age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale scores, duration of stay in hospital, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores and histopathological examination reports, hemoglobin level, leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil and platelet count results, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio values, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels were evaluated preoperatively. Results The CRP levels of METASTASIS group (143.10 mg/L) were higher than those of GLIOMA group (23.90 mg/L); and it was 82% sensitive and 75% specific in distinguishing metastatic brain tumor from glioblastoma if CRP value was >55.00 mg/L. A positive correlation was determined between GOS score and hemoglobin level and between ESR and CRP values. However, GOS scores were negatively correlated with the ESR level and duration of stay in hospital. Conclusions Study results demonstrated that CRP values could be predictive biomarker in distinguishing metastatic brain tumor from glioblastoma. In addition, ESR, CRP, hemoglobin levels and duration of stay in hospital could be prognostic biomarkers in predicting short-term prognosis of patients with solitary brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulas Yuksel
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ogden
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Alemiddin Ozdemir
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ucler Kisa
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Bulent Bakar
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Wagner A, Shiban Y, Zeller L, Aftahy K, Lange N, Motov S, Joerger AK, Meyer B, Shiban E. Psychological predictors of quality of life after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for degenerative cervical spine disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13415. [PMID: 32770143 PMCID: PMC7414876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify independent psychological predictors of quality of life (QOL) and functional outcome after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for degenerative cervical spine disease. We prospectively included patients undergoing ACDF for degenerative cervical disc herniation and stenosis. Patients completed a structured psychological assessment including the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (ADS-K), Post-Traumatic Stress Scale-10 (PTSS-10), State Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety and - Trait Anxiety (STAI-S and STAI-T) and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) before surgery, after 3 and 12 months. Outcome measures included EuroQol-5D (EQ), Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores. Of 104 included patients who underwent ACDF between March 2013 and November 2017, 92 completed follow-up after 3 and 12 months. The mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores for neck pain (− 1.4; p < .001) and arm pain (− 1.8; p = .031) significantly decreased by 12 months. QOL scores significantly increased by 3 months (EQ: + 0.2; p < .001; SF-36 PCS: + 6.2; p < .001; SF-36 MCS: + 2.5; p = .044), a benefit which was retained at 12 months. Linear regression analyses identified statistically significant predictors in preoperative ASI-3, SF-36 MCS and STAI-S for postoperative QOL and ODI scores. There is a benefit for patients in terms of quality of life and function after undergoing surgery for degenerative cervical spine disease. With the ASI-3, SF-36 MCS and STAI-S there exist some predictors for postoperative QOL and ODI scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Wagner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Youssef Shiban
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leonie Zeller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaywan Aftahy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Lange
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Motov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Joerger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ehab Shiban
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Clinical and Biological Correlates of Preoperative Cognitive Functioning of Glioma and Meningioma Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2054859. [PMID: 32461966 PMCID: PMC7232682 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2054859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) serum concentrations with cognitive functions of glioma and meningioma patients. Methods 177 brain tumor patients awaiting for brain tumor surgery participated in the study. Patients were assessed preoperatively, using neuropsychological tests for verbal memory, psychomotor speed, mental flexibility, and verbal fluency. The functional status of patients was evaluated using the Karnofsky Performance Index. Blood samples were drawn for evaluation of serum hsCRP and NT-proBNP concentrations upon hospital admission. Results The highest NT-proBNP concentration was observed in meningioma patients. Glioma and meningioma patients did not differ in hsCRB concentration. Patients in the highest hsCRP tertile were older and more frequently reported cardiovascular comorbidity. Patients in the highest NT-proBNP tertile were older, more frequently with cardiovascular comorbidity, females, and diagnosed with a meningioma. hsCRP was significantly related to slower psychomotor speed in high-grade glioma patients (rho = 0.30, p < 0.05). In meningioma sample, NT-proBNP correlated with decreased psychomotor speed (rho = 0.38, p < 0.01), mental flexibility (rho = 0.33, p < 0.01), worse cumulative learning (rho = −0.27, p < 0.05), and delayed recall (rho = 0.30, p < 0.01). However, the relationship between the NT-proBNP and cognitive functions became nonsignificant when demographic and clinical covariates were included into analysis. Higher hsCRP concentration remained significantly related to slower psychomotor speed (p = 0.02) and worse mental flexibility (p = 0.05) in glioma patients, independently from demographic and clinical covariates. Preoperative cognitive functioning was also predicted by older age, gender, side and location of the tumor, and tumor malignancy, and general functional status of a patient. Conclusions NT-proBNP was not associated with memory, language, and attention/executive cognitive domains of glioma and meningioma patients. Increased hsCRP was related to slower psychomotor speed and worse mental flexibility in glioma patients, indicating that inflammation processes are important for cognitive functioning in glial tumors.
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Holst CB, Christensen IJ, Skjøth-Rasmussen J, Hamerlik P, Poulsen HS, Johansen JS. Systemic Immune Modulation in Gliomas: Prognostic Value of Plasma IL-6, YKL-40, and Genetic Variation in YKL-40. Front Oncol 2020; 10:478. [PMID: 32363159 PMCID: PMC7180208 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Complex local and systemic immune dysfunction in glioblastoma (GBM) may affect survival. Interleukin (IL)-6 and YKL-40 are pleiotropic biomarkers present in the tumor microenvironment and involved in immune regulation. We therefore analyzed plasma IL-6, YKL-40, and genetic variation in YKL-40 and explored their ability to distinguish between glioma subtypes and predict survival in GBM. Methods: One hundred fifty-eight patients with glioma WHO grade II-IV were included in the study. Plasma collected at surgery was analyzed for IL-6 and YKL-40 (CHI3L1) by ELISA. CHI3L1 rs4950928 genotyping was analyzed on whole-blood DNA. Results: Neither plasma IL-6 nor YKL-40 corrected for age or rs4950928 genotype could differentiate GBM from lower grade gliomas. GC and GG rs4950928 genotype were associated with lower plasma YKL-40 levels (CC vs. GC, p = 0.0019; CC vs. GG, p = 0.01). Only 10 and 14 out of 94 patients with newly diagnosed GBM had elevated IL-6 or YKL-40, respectively. Most patients received corticosteroid treatment at time of blood-sampling. Higher pretreatment plasma IL-6 was associated with short overall survival (OS) [HR = 1.19 (per 2-fold change), p = 0.042] in univariate analysis. The effect disappeared in multivariate analysis. rs4950928 genotype did not associate with OS [HR = 1.30, p = 0.30]. In recurrent GBM, higher YKL-40 [HR = 2.12 (per 2-fold change), p = 0.0005] but not IL-6 [HR = 0.99 (per 2-fold change), p = 0.92] were associated with short OS in univariate analysis. Conclusion: In recurrent GBM high plasma YKL-40 may hold promise as a prognostic marker. In newly diagnosed GBM perioperative plasma IL-6, YKL-40, and genetic variation in YKL-40 did not associate with survival. Corticosteroid use may complicate interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bjørnbak Holst
- Department of Radiation Biology, Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Brain Tumor Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ib Jarle Christensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jane Skjøth-Rasmussen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Brain Tumor Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Skovgaard Poulsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia Sidenius Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Feng Y, Wang J, Tan D, Cheng P, Wu A. Relationship between circulating inflammatory factors and glioma risk and prognosis: A meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7454-7468. [PMID: 31599129 PMCID: PMC6885890 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory factors have been considered a significant factor contributing to the development and progression of glioma. However, the relationship between circulating inflammatory factors and glioma risk as well as their prognostic values in glioma patients is still inconclusive. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to address this issue. METHODS Relevant articles were identified through PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from inception to February 2019. The weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to describe the predictive ability of the levels of circulating inflammatory factors on glioma risk. To evaluate the prognostic values of the circulating inflammatory factors in glioma, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were used. RESULTS Thirty-one studies comprising 2587 patients were included. The overall analysis showed that increased circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) [SMD 0.81 (95% CI: 0.21-1.40; P = .008)], interleukin-8 (IL-8) [SMD 1.01 (95% CI: 0.17-1.84; P = .018)], interleukin-17 (IL-17) [SMD 1.12 (95% CI: 0.26-1.98; P = .011)], tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [SMD 1.80 (95% CI: 1.03-2.56; P = .000)], transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) [SMD 10.55 (95% CI: 5.59-15.51; P = .000)], and C-reactive protein (CRP) [SMD 0.95 (95% CI: 0.75-1.15; P = .000)] levels were significantly associated with glioma risk. On the other hand, our results showed that circulating IL-6 [HR 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05-1.16; P = .000)] and CRP [HR 2.02 (95% CI: 1.52-2.68; P = .000)] levels were highly correlated with a poor overall survival (OS) rate in glioma patients. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that increased circulating IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β, and CRP levels are significantly associated with increased glioma risk. Moreover, our meta-analysis suggests that circulating IL-6 and CRP may serve as powerful biomarkers for a poor prognosis in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShanxiPeople's Republic of China
- Center of Brain ScienceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dezhong Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
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Lamano JB, Lamano JB, Li YD, DiDomenico JD, Choy W, Veliceasa D, Oyon DE, Fakurnejad S, Ampie L, Kesavabhotla K, Kaur R, Kaur G, Biyashev D, Unruh DJ, Horbinski CM, James CD, Parsa AT, Bloch O. Glioblastoma-Derived IL6 Induces Immunosuppressive Peripheral Myeloid Cell PD-L1 and Promotes Tumor Growth. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3643-3657. [PMID: 30824583 PMCID: PMC6571046 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on circulating and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells is a critical component of GBM-mediated immunosuppression that has been associated with diminished response to vaccine immunotherapy and poor survival. Although GBM-derived soluble factors have been implicated in myeloid PD-L1 expression, the identity of such factors has remained unknown. This study aimed to identify factors responsible for myeloid PD-L1 upregulation as potential targets for immune modulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Conditioned media from patient-derived GBM explant cell cultures was assessed for cytokine expression and utilized to stimulate naïve myeloid cells. Myeloid PD-L1 induction was quantified by flow cytometry. Candidate cytokines correlated with PD-L1 induction were evaluated in tumor sections and plasma for relationships with survival and myeloid PD-L1 expression. The role of identified cytokines on immunosuppression and survival was investigated in vivo utilizing immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice bearing syngeneic GL261 and CT-2A tumors. RESULTS GBM-derived IL6 was identified as a cytokine that is necessary and sufficient for myeloid PD-L1 induction in GBM through a STAT3-dependent mechanism. Inhibition of IL6 signaling in orthotopic murine glioma models was associated with reduced myeloid PD-L1 expression, diminished tumor growth, and increased survival. The therapeutic benefit of anti-IL6 therapy proved to be CD8+ T-cell dependent, and the antitumor activity was additive with that provided by programmed death-1 (PD-1)-targeted immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that disruption of IL6 signaling in GBM reduces local and systemic myeloid-driven immunosuppression and enhances immune-mediated antitumor responses against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Lamano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Yuping D Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Winward Choy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Dorina Veliceasa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel E Oyon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shayan Fakurnejad
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Leonel Ampie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kartik Kesavabhotla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rajwant Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dauren Biyashev
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dusten J Unruh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Orin Bloch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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