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Hou J, Hu C, Yang L, Wang X. Aquatic ecological risk assessment of imidacloprid and thiacloprid in an urban river of Qingdao, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:116013. [PMID: 38183835 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.116013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Imidacloprid and thiacloprid, two neonicotinoid insecticides that are extensively used in urban areas, are potentially toxic to non-target aquatic organisms. In this study, the concentrations of imidacloprid and thiacloprid in surface runoff after rainfall were 20.79-43.77 ng/L and 25.13-63.84 ng/L, respectively, whereas the levels for the Licun River were 10.78-41.70 ng/L and 2.66-39.68 ng/L, respectively. The acute and chronic criteria for imidacloprid and thiacloprid are 0.865, 0.006, 0.83, and 0.012 μg/L, respectively. Tiered ecological risk assessments revealed the chronic ecological risks of these micropollutants to local aquatic species. There was a moderate chronic toxicity risk associated with imidacloprid and thiacloprid in the Licun River, and the joint probability curves showed a probability of chronic ecological risk to 5 % of the aquatic organisms at 68 %-97 %. The results provide evidence of urban surface runoff transporting micropollutants from surface into rivers and estuaries, highlighting the ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Changqin Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Geochemistry of Ministry of Natural Resources, National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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2
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Svedberg P, Inostroza PA, Gustavsson M, Kristiansson E, Spilsbury F, Backhaus T. Dataset on aquatic ecotoxicity predictions of 2697 chemicals, using three quantitative structure-activity relationship platforms. Data Brief 2023; 51:109719. [PMID: 37965605 PMCID: PMC10641136 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Empirical and in silico data on the aquatic ecotoxicology of 2697 organic chemicals were collected in order to compile a dataset for assessing the predictive power of current Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) models and software platforms. This document presents the dataset and the data pipeline for its creation. Empirical data were collected from the US EPA ECOTOX Knowledgebase (ECOTOX) and the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) report "Completion of data entry of pesticide ecotoxicology Tier 1 study endpoints in a XML schema - database". Only data for OECD recommended algae, daphnia and fish species were retained. QSAR toxicity predictions were calculated for each chemical and each of six endpoints using ECOSAR, VEGA and the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) platforms. Finally, the dataset was amended with SMILES, InChIKey, pKa and logP collected from webchem and PubChem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Svedberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pedro A. Inostroza
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, D-52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mikael Gustavsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 640, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francis Spilsbury
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, D-52072 Aachen, Germany
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Mirauda D, Padula MG, Mirauda E, Paternò C, D’Onofrio F, Loguercio D. A Preliminary Analysis of Anthropogenic and Natural Impacts on a Volcanic Lake Ecosystem in Southern Italy by UAV-Based Monitoring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:5. [PMID: 36612329 PMCID: PMC9819942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lakes play an important role in providing various ecosystem services. However, stressors such as climate change, land use, or land-cover change threaten the ecological functions of lakes. National and international legislations address these threats and establish consistent, long-term monitoring schemes. Remote sensing techniques based on the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have recently been demonstrated to provide accurate and low-cost spatio-temporal views for the assessment of the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems and the identification of areas at risk of contamination. Few studies have been carried out so far on the employment of these tools in the monitoring of lakes. Therefore, high-resolution UAV surveys were used to analyse and evaluate natural and anthropogenic impacts on the habitat status of a volcanic lake in a protected area. Five UAV flights took place during a year-long cycle (November 2020 to November 2021) in a volcanic lake located in southern Italy. For each flight performance, an orthomosaic of georeferenced RGB images was obtained, and the different features of interest were monitored and quantified using automated processing in a GIS environment. The UAV images made it possible not only to estimate the flooded shores but also to detect the impact of human-made structures and infrastructures on the lagoon environment. It has been possible to observe how the rapid changes in lake-water level have led to the submersion of about 90.000 m2 of terrain in winter, causing the fragmentation and degradation of habitats, while the connectivity of the natural ecosystem has been threatened by the presence of the road around the lake. The proposed methodology is rather simple and easily replicable by decision makers and local administrators and can be useful for choosing the best restoration interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Mirauda
- School of Engineering, Basilicata University, Viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Padula
- Direzione Generale per le Politiche Agricole, Alimentari e Forestali, Regione Basilicata, Via Vincenzo Verrastro 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Enza Mirauda
- Consultant of Environmental Engineering Services Ltd., Via Varco d’Izzo 28, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Claudio Paternò
- Consultant of Environmental Engineering Services Ltd., Via Varco d’Izzo 28, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo D’Onofrio
- Consultant of Consorzio di Bonifica della Basilicata, Via Annunziatella 64, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Domenico Loguercio
- School of Engineering, Basilicata University, Viale Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Huang P, Liu SS, Wang ZJ, Ding TT, Xu YQ. Deriving the predicted no effect concentrations of 35 pesticides by the QSAR-SSD method. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134303. [PMID: 35288184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides results in their frequent detection in water bodies and other environmental media. Pesticide residues may cause certain risks to the environment and human health, and reliable predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) must be obtained when assessing environmental risks. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) is an important method for the derivation of chemical PNECs. Construction of the SSD model requires sufficient toxicity data to various species including at least eight families in three phyla, suitable nonlinear fitting functions and assessment factors (AFs) with certain uncertainty. However, most chemicals could not collect sufficient species toxicity data, while some chemicals had sufficient species toxicity data but could not find suitable fitting functions, thus hindering the construction of effective SSD models. To this end, the established QSAR models were applied to predict toxicity of chemicals to specific species to fill in the toxicity data gaps required for SSD and selecting multiple nonlinear functions to optimize the SSD model. Combined with QSAR and SSD methods, a new method of PNEC derivation was developed and successfully applied to the derivation of PNEC for 35 pesticides. Three QSAR models were used to predict the toxicities of six pesticides with few toxicity data. Nine two-parameter nonlinear functions were used to fit the toxicity-cumulative probability data one by one to determine the optimal SSD models. The hazardous concentrations at the cumulative probability of 5% and 10%, i. e, HC5 and HC10, respectively, were calculated by the optimal SSD model. The assessment factor used to determine the PNEC of the chemical based on the HC10 was derived from the quantitative correlation between HC10 and HC5 of pesticides found in this study. When the toxicity data are insufficient, it may be more appropriate to calculate the PNECs of chemicals using HC10 than using HC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Ya-Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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Iyagbaye L, Reichelt-Brushett A, Benkendorff K. Manganese uptake and partitioning between the tissue of the anemone host Exaiptasia pallida and Symbiodinium spp., including assessment of stress and recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133895. [PMID: 35143868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is essential for global steel and Mn-iron (Fe) alloy production. The human health effects of elevated Mn concentrations have been well established, but studies on its impact on marine invertebrates are limited. This study is the first to investigate Mn uptake in the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida after chronic exposure (0.5, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L) for 24-d. Following exposure, E. pallida were transferred to ambient seawater for 6-d to assess Mn depuration. Mn accumulation and partitioning in host tissue and symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.), tentacle retraction, and symbiont cell density were measured during exposure and depuration. Mn concentrations were substantially higher in symbionts than tissue in all treatments after 24-d. No significant difference was observed for symbiont cell density after Mn exposure. Tentacle retractions were significantly higher in all Mn exposed treatments than controls at all time points. Mn depuration was observed for both tissue and symbionts but was more rapid in symbionts. This study reveals that Symbiodinium spp. can play a role in Mn uptake and depuration in anemones, but Mn loading does not affect cell density. These results help understand metal uptake and depuration in complex relationships between Symbiodinium spp. and other host taxa like corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Iyagbaye
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia
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Obiakor MO, Tighe MK, Pereg L, Taylor AM, Maher W, Krikowa F, Wilson SC. Sensitivity of Freshwater Australian Bass (Macquaria novemaculeata) and Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) to Waterborne Antimony: Exposure-Dose-Response Characteristics and Ion Homeostasis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:621-636. [PMID: 34562110 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We conducted acute toxicity studies using semi-static protocols to examine the lethal responses of Australian bass and silver perch exposed to antimony (Sb) oxidation states in Sb(III) (10.5-30.5 mg L-1) and Sb(V) (95.9-258.7 mg L-1). Bioavailability and the effects of Sb on body ion regulation (Na, Ca, Mg, and K) were also investigated. Antimony species-specific effects were observed with exposure to both Sb oxidation states. Median lethal concentrations (LC50s) for Sb(III) were 13.6 and 18 mg L-1 for Australian bass and silver perch, respectively, and the LC50 for Sb(V) in Australian bass was 165.3 mg L-1. The LC50 could not be calculated for silver perch exposed to Sb(V) as the maximum exposure concentrations produced 40% mortality but a larger-than value of > 258.7 mg L-1 was estimated. Relative median potency values derived from the LC50s were 0.1 Sb(III) and 12.2 and 16.6 Sb(V) for Australian bass and silver perch, respectively, demonstrating greater toxicity of Sb(III) to both fish species. Antimony uptake in fish was observed. Median critical body residue (CBR50) values of 77.7 and 26.6 mg kg-1 for Sb(III) were estimated for Australian bass and silver perch, respectively, and 628.1 mg kg-1 for Sb(V) in Australian bass. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for both Sb(III) and Sb(V) did not change with exposure but the greater BCFs for fish exposed to Sb(III) indicate that it is more bioavailable than Sb(V) in acute exposure. No effects on whole-body Na, Ca, Mg, or K ions were observed with fish exposure to either Sb species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew K Tighe
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Lily Pereg
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne M Taylor
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Centre for Applied Water Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - William Maher
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Frank Krikowa
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Susan C Wilson
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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7
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Spilsbury FD, Warne MSJ, Backhaus T. Risk Assessment of Pesticide Mixtures in Australian Rivers Discharging to the Great Barrier Reef. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14361-14371. [PMID: 33136377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rivers discharging to the Great Barrier Reef carry complex pesticide mixtures. Here we present a first comprehensive ecotoxicological risk assessment using species sensitivity distributions (SSDs), explore how risk changes with time and land use, and identify the drivers of mixture risks. The analyzed data set comprises 50 different pesticides and pesticide metabolites that were analyzed in 3741 samples from 18 river and creek catchments between 2011 and 2016. Pesticide mixtures were present in 82% of the samples, with a maximum of 23 pesticides and a median of five compounds per sample. Chemical-analytical techniques were insufficiently sensitive for at least seven pesticides (metsulfuron-methyl, terbutryn, imidacloprid, clothianidin, ametryn, prometryn, and thiamethoxam). The classical mixture concepts of concentration addition and independent action were applied to the pesticide SSDs, focusing on environmental threshold values protective for 95% of the species. Both concepts produced almost identical risk estimates. Mixture risk was therefore finally assessed using concentration addition, as the sum of the individual risk quotients. The sum of risk quotients ranges between 0.05 and 122 with a median of 0.66. An ecotoxicological risk (i.e., a sum of individual risk quotients exceeding 1) was indicated in 38.5% of the samples. Sixteen compounds accounted for 99% of the risk, with diuron, imidacloprid, atrazine, metolachlor, and hexazinone being the most important risk drivers. Analysis of land-use patterns in catchment areas showed an association between sugar cane farming and elevated risk levels, driven by the presence of diuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis D Spilsbury
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
- Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Michael St J Warne
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane City, Queensland 4000, Australia
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry CV83LG, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
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Kwak JI, Kim SW, Kim L, Cui R, Lee J, Kim D, Chae Y, An YJ. Determination of hazardous concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol in freshwater ecosystems based on species sensitivity distributions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105646. [PMID: 33011648 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) is a phenolic compound used as a wood preservative or pesticide. The chemical is hazardous to freshwater organisms. Although 2,4-DNP poses ecological risks, only a few of its aquatic environmental risks have been investigated and very limited guidelines for freshwater aquatic ecosystems have been established by governments. This study addresses the paucity of 2,4-DNP toxicity data for freshwater ecosystems and the current lack of highly reliable trigger values for this highly toxic compound. We conducted acute bioassays using 12 species from nine taxonomic groups and chronic assays using five species from four taxonomic groups to improve the quality of the dataset and enable the estimation of protective concentrations based on species sensitivity distributions. The acute and hazardous concentrations of 2,4-DNP in 5% of freshwater aquatic species (HC5) were determined to be 0.91 (0.32-2.65) mg/L and 0.22 (0.11-0.42) mg/L, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a suggested chronic HC5 for 2,4-DNP and it provides the much-needed fundamental data for the risk assessment and management of freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Il Kwak
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lia Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rongxue Cui
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooeun Chae
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Hook SE. Beyond Thresholds: A Holistic Approach to Impact Assessment Is Needed to Enable Accurate Predictions of Environmental Risk from Oil Spills. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:813-830. [PMID: 32729983 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment for the environmental impact of oil spills in Australia is often conducted in part using a combination of spill mapping and toxicological thresholds derived from laboratory studies. While this process is useful in planning operational responses, such as where to position equipment stockpiles and whether to disperse oil, and can be used to identify areas near the spill site where impacts are likely to occur, it cannot accurately predict the environmental consequences of an oil spill or the ecosystem recovery times. Evidence of this disconnect between model predictions and observed impacts is the lack of a profound effect of the Deepwater Horizon wellhead blowout on recruitment to fisheries in the northern Gulf of Mexico, contrary to the predictions made in the Natural Resources Damage Assessment and despite the occurrence of impacts of the spill on marine mammals, marshes, and deep water ecosystems. The incongruity between predictions made with the current approach using threshold monitoring and impacts measured in the field results from some of the assumptions included in the oil spill models. The incorrect assumptions include that toxicity is acute, results from dissolved phase exposure, and would be readily reversible. The toxicity tests from which threshold models are derived use members of the ecosystem that are easily studied in the lab but may not represent the ecosystem as a whole. The test species are typically highly abundant plankton or planktonic life stages, and they have life histories that account for rapid changes in environmental conditions. As a consequence, these organisms recover quickly from an oil spill. The interdependence of ecosystem components, including the reliance of organisms on their microbiomes, is often overlooked. Additional research to assess these data gaps conducted using economically and ecologically relevant species, especially in Australia and other understudied areas of the world, and the use of population dynamic models, will improve the accuracy of environmental risk assessment for oil spills. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:813-830. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hook
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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10
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Brown KE, Wasley J, King CK. Sensitivity to Copper and Development of Culturing and Toxicity Test Procedures for the Antarctic Terrestrial Nematode Plectus murrayi. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:482-491. [PMID: 31692101 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental quality guideline values and remediation targets, specific to Antarctic ecosystems, are required for the risk assessment and remediation of contaminated sites in Antarctica. Ecotoxicological testing with Antarctic soil organisms is fundamental in determining reliable contaminant effect threshold concentrations. The present study describes the development of optimal culturing techniques and aqueous toxicity test procedures for an endemic Antarctic soil nematode, Plectus murrayi, which lives within interstitial waters between soil particles. Toxicity tests were of extended duration to account for the species' physiology and life-history characteristics. Plectus murrayi was sensitive to aqueous copper with a 50% effective concentration for egg-hatching success of 139 µg/L. Hatched juveniles that were first exposed to copper as eggs appeared to be less sensitive than those first exposed at the hatched J2 stage, indicating a potential protective effect of the egg. Sensitivity of juveniles to copper increased with exposure duration, with 50% lethal concentrations of 478 and 117 µg/L at 21 and 28 d, respectively. The present study describes new methods for the application of an environmentally relevant test species to the risk assessment of contaminants in Antarctic soil and provides the first estimates of sensitivity to a toxicant for an Antarctic terrestrial microinvertebrate. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:482-491. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Brown
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jane Wasley
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
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11
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Park J, Lee S, Lee E, Noh H, Seo Y, Lim H, Shin H, Lee I, Jung H, Na T, Kim SD. Probabilistic ecological risk assessment of heavy metals using the sensitivity of resident organisms in four Korean rivers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109483. [PMID: 31362159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The environment has been continuously exposed to heavy metals by various routes, from both natural and artificial sources. In particular, heavy metals in water can affect aquatic organisms adversely, even at very low concentrations, and can lead to the disturbance of the ecosystem balance and biodiversity. Ecological risk assessments are conducted to protect the environment from such situations, primarily by deriving the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) from the species sensitivity distribution (SSD). This study developed the SSDs based on the species living in Korean freshwater for four heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The species compositions of the SSDs were examined, and three types of PNECs were derived by applying different assessment factors (AF). In addition, the occurrence and concentrations of heavy metals in Korean rivers were investigated, and the ecological risk assessment was carried out to compare the SSDs with the environmental concentrations. The SSDs were developed using a sufficient number of species, but the missing data of plants and insects provided an incomplete species composition. The results show that Cd and Pb in the environmental concentrations of rivers would not cause any risk to aquatic organisms from the derived PNEC. However, some organisms might be adversely affected by the concentrations of Zn, and a small amount of risk was expected under the conservative PNEC. The distribution of Cu in the rivers was not considered to be safe for aquatic organisms because the average environmental concentrations potentially affected the proportion of the SSD, and the environmental concentrations exceeded the PNECs. The concentrations of Cu and Zn in industrial waters indicated a considerable risk to aquatic organisms, and the probability of exceeding the PNECs appeared to be quite high. Therefore, this study indicates that additional actions and parallel field studies are required based on the risk posed to aquatic organisms by Cu and Zn in four Korean rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Park
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhong Lee
- Water Quality Research Center, K-water Convergence Institute, 200 Sintanjin-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34350, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Noh
- Han-river Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Dumulmeori-gil 68beon-gil, Yangseo-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, 12585, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongchan Seo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunHee Lim
- Drug Abuse Research Center, Kongju National University, 56 Gongjudaehak-ro, Kongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - HoSang Shin
- Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University, 56 Gongjudaehak-ro, Kongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Injung Lee
- Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environment Research, 24 Pyeongni 1-gil, Dasan-myeon, Goryeong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 40103, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Jung
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, 5 Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoong Na
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, 5 Cheomdangwagi-ro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang D Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Xia R, Zhang Y, Wang G, Zhang Y, Dou M, Hou X, Qiao Y, Wang Q, Yang Z. Multi-factor identification and modelling analyses for managing large river algal blooms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113056. [PMID: 31454570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
River algal blooms have become a newly emerging global environmental issue in recent decades. Compared with water eutrophication in lakes and reservoirs, algal blooms in large river systems can cause more severe consequences to watershed ecosystems at the watershed scale. However, reveal the causes of river algal blooms remains challenging in the interdisciplinary of hydrological-ecological-environmental research, due to its complex interaction mechanisms impacted by multiple factors. In addition, there were still considerable uncertainties on the characteristics, impacts, driving factors, as well as the applicable water system models for river algal blooms. In this paper, we reviewed existing literature to elaborate the definition and negative effects of river algal blooms. We analyzed sensitive factors including nutrient, hydrological and climatic elements. We also discussed the application of ecohydrological models under complicated hydrological conditions. Finally, we explored the essence of the river algal bloom by the interaction effects of physical and biogeochemical process impacted by of climate change and human activities. The model-data integration accounting for multi-factor effects was expected to provide scientific guidance for the prevent and control of algal blooms in large river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Laboratory of aquatic ecological conservation and restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Laboratory of aquatic ecological conservation and restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yongyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ming Dou
- College of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xikang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Laboratory of aquatic ecological conservation and restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yunfeng Qiao
- College of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, No. 8 Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhongwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Laboratory of Aquatic Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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13
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Shackleton M, Holland A, Stitz L, McInerney P. Macroinvertebrate Responses to Conductivity in Different Bioregions of Victoria, Australia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1334-1342. [PMID: 30790341 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of field data to derive guideline water quality trigger values is likely to be more environmentally relevant than laboratory estimates. In the present study, macroinvertebrate responses to conductivity (specific conductance at 25 °C) within 5 bioregions in Victoria, Australia, were derived from 19 yr of macroinvertebrate field data. Varying response to electrical conductivity (EC) occurred among taxa. Ninety-five percent extirpation concentrations (XC95) for EC were calculated for each genus and species and ranged from 25 to 23 600 µS/cm. Hazardous concentration 5th percentiles (HC05) were calculated for each bioregion from species sensitivity distributions developed using genus and species XC95 values. Genus HC05 values varied substantially between bioregions: bioregion 1 (29 µS/cm), 2 (78 µS/cm), 3 (143 µS/cm), 4 (1068 µS/cm), and 5 (2226 µS/cm). No substantial differences in HC05 values were shown between genus- and species-level calculations in bioregions 1 to 3 and 5; however, a decrease of approximately 300 µS/cm was shown for bioregion 4. The substantial differences in HC05 values between bioregions supports the need for region-specific determination of effects of EC. We explore the use of HC05 values as water quality guidelines across a bioregion gradient and provide a comprehensive analysis of macroinvertebrate responses to changes in EC, with important implications for waterway management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1334-1342. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shackleton
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Albury/Wodonga Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Albury/Wodonga Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leigh Stitz
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Science, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Paul McInerney
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Albury/Wodonga Campus, Victoria, Australia
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14
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van Dam JW, Trenfield MA, Streten C, Harford AJ, Parry D, van Dam RA. Assessing chronic toxicity of aluminium, gallium and molybdenum in tropical marine waters using a novel bioassay for larvae of the hermit crab Coenobita variabilis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:349-356. [PMID: 30216893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioassay is presented that allows for the estimation of the chronic toxicity of contaminants in receiving tropical marine environments. Relevant procedures to identify contaminants of concern and evaluate hazards associated with contamination in these environments have long remained inadequate. The 6-day bioassay is conducted using freshly hatched planktonic larvae of the hermit crab Coenobita variabilis and is targeted at generating environmentally relevant, chronic toxicity data. The developmental endpoint demonstrated consistently high control performance and was validated through the use of copper as a reference toxicant. In addition, the biological effects of aluminium, gallium and molybdenum were assessed. The endpoint expressed high sensitivity to copper (EC10 = 24 µg L-1) and moderate sensitivity to aluminium (EC10 = 312 µg L-1), whereas gallium and molybdenum elicited no obvious effects, even at high concentrations (EC10 > 6000 µg L-1), providing valuable information on the toxicity of these elements in tropical marine waters for derivation of water quality guidelines or testing of compliance limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost W van Dam
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PO Box 41775, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia.
| | - Melanie A Trenfield
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia.
| | - Claire Streten
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PO Box 41775, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia; Charles Darwin University, PO Box 40146, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia.
| | - David Parry
- Charles Darwin University, PO Box 40146, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia; Rio Tinto Aluminium, GPO Box 153, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Rick A van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia.
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15
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Koppel DJ, Adams MS, King CK, Jolley DF. Chronic toxicity of an environmentally relevant and equitoxic ratio of five metals to two Antarctic marine microalgae shows complex mixture interactivity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1319-1330. [PMID: 30121486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal contaminants are rarely present in the environment individually, yet environmental quality guidelines are derived from single-metal toxicity data. Few metal mixture studies have investigated more than binary mixtures and many are at unrealistically high effect concentrations to freshwater organisms. This study investigates the toxicity of five metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) to the Antarctic marine microalgae Phaeocystis antarctica and Cryothecomonas armigera. Two mixtures were tested: (i) an equitoxic mixture of contaminants present at their single-metal EC10 concentrations, and (ii) an environmental mixture based on the ratio metal concentrations in a contaminated Antarctic marine bay. Observed toxicity, as chronic population growth rate inhibition, was compared to Independent Action (IA) and Concentration Addition (CA) predictions parameterised to use EC10 values. This allowed for the inclusion of metals with low toxicities. The biomarkers chlorophyll a fluorescence, cell size and complexity, and intracellular lipid concentrations were assessed to investigate possible mechanisms behind metal-mixture interactions. Both microalgae had similar responses to the equitoxic mixture: non-interactive by IA and antagonistic by CA. Toxicity from the environmental mixture was antagonistic by IA to P. antarctica; however, to C. armigera it was concentration-dependent with antagonism at low toxicities and synergism at high toxicities by both IA and CA. Differences in dissolved organic carbon production and detoxification mechanisms may be responsible for these responses and warrants further investigation. This study shows that mixture toxicity interactions can be ratio, species, and concentration dependent. The responses of the microalgae to different mixture ratios highlight the need to assess toxicity at environmentally realistic metal ratios. Parameterising IA and CA reference models to use EC10s allowed for the inclusion of metals at low effect concentrations, which may otherwise be ignored. Reference mixture models are generally suitable for predicting chronic toxicity of metals to these marine microalgae at environmentally realistic ratios and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Koppel
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia.
| | | | | | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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16
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Ricardo GF, Jones RJ, Clode PL, Humanes A, Giofre N, Negri AP. Sediment characteristics influence the fertilisation success of the corals Acropora tenuis and Acropora millepora. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:941-953. [PMID: 30301119 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) often impact coral fertilisation success, but sediment composition can influence effect thresholds, which is problematic for accurately predicting risk. Here, we derived concentration-response thresholds and cause-effect pathways for SSCs comprising a range of realistic mineral and organic compositions on coral fertilisation success. Effect concentration thresholds (EC10: 10% fertilisation inhibition) varied markedly, with fertilisation highly sensitive to inshore organic-clay rich sediments and bentonite clay at <5 mg L-1. Mineral clays and organic matter within these sediments likely promoted flocculation of the coral sperm, which in turn reduced fertilisation. In contrast, sediments lacking these properties bound less sperm, leading to higher SSC thresholds for coral fertilisation (EC10 > 40 mg L-1). The effect thresholds for relevant sediment types were combined with in situ turbidity data from locations near dredging operations to assess the risks posed by dredging to coral fertilisation at these locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard F Ricardo
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, and Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ross J Jones
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, and Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Adriana Humanes
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, and Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Queensland, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Natalie Giofre
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, and Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, and Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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17
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Gissi F, Stauber JL, Binet MT, Trenfield MA, Van Dam JW, Jolley DF. Assessing the chronic toxicity of nickel to a tropical marine gastropod and two crustaceans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:284-292. [PMID: 29758510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mining and processing of nickel ores from tropical regions contributes 40% of the global supply. The potential impact of these activities on tropical marine ecosystems is poorly understood. Due to the lack of ecotoxicity data for tropical marine species, there is currently no available water quality guideline value for nickel that is specific to tropical species. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of nickel to three tropical marine invertebrates, the gastropod Nassarius dorsatus, the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite, and the copepod Acartia sinjiensis. All toxicity tests used chronic endpoints, namely larval growth, metamorphosis (transition from nauplii to cyprid larvae) and larval development for the snail, barnacle and copepod respectively. Toxicity tests were carried out under environmentally relevant conditions (i.e. 27-30ᵒC, salinity 34-36‰, pH 8.1-8.4). Copper was also tested for quality assurance purposes and to allow for comparisons with previous studies. The copepod was the most sensitive species to nickel, with development inhibited by 10% (EC10) at 5.5 (5.0-6.0) µg Ni/L (95% confidence limits (CL)). Based on EC10 values, the gastropod and barnacle showed similar sensitivities to nickel with growth and metamorphosis inhibited by 10% at 64 (37-91) µg Ni/L and 67 (53-80) µg Ni/L, respectively. Based on existing data available in the literature, the copepod A. sinjiensis is so far the most sensitive tropical marine species to nickel. This study has provided high quality data which will contribute to the development of a water quality guideline value for nickel in tropical marine waters. A species sensitivity distribution of chronic nickel toxicity used the data generated in this paper supplemented by available literature data, comprising 12 species representing 6 taxonomic groups. A 5% hazard concentration (HC5) was determined as 8.2 µg/L Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gissi
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia.
| | | | | | - Melanie A Trenfield
- Department of the Environment and Energy, Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Joost W Van Dam
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
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18
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van Dam JW, Trenfield MA, Streten C, Harford AJ, Parry D, van Dam RA. Water quality guideline values for aluminium, gallium and molybdenum in marine environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:26592-26602. [PMID: 29998444 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Revised water quality guideline values (WQGVs) are presented for the metals aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga) and molybdenum (Mo) in receiving marine environments. These elements are commonly found in elevated concentrations in alumina refinery waste streams, yet current WQGVs fail to accurately assess the environmental risk. Here, chronic biological effects data we have generated over the course of several years were combined with toxicity data from the open literature to construct species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) which enabled the computation of revised WQGVs for Al, Ga and Mo in marine environments. These procedures are in accordance with internationally recommended derivation procedures, and newly computed WQGVs may be incorporated in regulatory frameworks aimed at sustainable exploitation of environmental resources and ongoing protection of the marine estate. Where the available datasets allowed such distinction, separate SSDs were constructed for temperate and tropical environments and zone-specific WQGVs derived. Extrapolated from the SSDs, WQGVs of 56 μg Al L-1, 800 μg Ga L-1 and 3.88 mg Mo L-1 (in the 0.45-μm filtered fraction) for 95% species protection were recommended for implementation in both temperate and tropical receiving environments. Currently, there is insufficient validation to separate the tropical from the temperate data and in most cases, application of the generic WQGVs is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost W van Dam
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PO Box 41775, Casuarina, NT, 0811, Australia.
| | - Melanie A Trenfield
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia
| | - Claire Streten
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PO Box 41775, Casuarina, NT, 0811, Australia
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, PO Box 40146, Casuarina, NT, 0811, Australia
| | - David Parry
- Charles Darwin University, PO Box 40146, Casuarina, NT, 0811, Australia
- Rio Tinto Aluminium, GPO Box 153, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Rick A van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia
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19
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Birch GF. A review of chemical-based sediment quality assessment methodologies for the marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:218-232. [PMID: 30041309 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review of 19 chemical approaches used in assessing sediment quality are classified into empirical, mechanistic and sediment quality indices (SQI) groups. Empirical sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), based on matching chemical and biological-effects data and the mechanistic techniques, founded on equilibrium partitioning principals (EqP), are well established and most used. Empirical SQGs provide a useful screening tool to initially identify locations and chemicals of most concern, but are not regulatory criteria. The EqP approach is causally linked however, the scheme assumes porewater chemistry largely controls sediment toxicity. SQIs are not based on matching chemical-biological data and combine schemes with multiple narrative intents. The 41 SQGs reviewed show a considerable range in upper and lower guideline values. Grain size and organic content should be included into SQGs, however inclusion of suspended sediment into SQGs raises concerns. SQGs are built into decision-tree schemes with other lines-of-evidence and evaluated in a weight-of-evidence framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- Environmental Geology Group, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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20
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Angel BM, Goodwyn K, Jolley DF, Simpson SL. The use of time-averaged concentrations of metals to predict the toxicity of pulsed complex effluent exposures to a freshwater alga. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:607-616. [PMID: 29609172 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent, fluctuating and pulsed contaminant discharges may result in organisms receiving highly variable toxicant exposures. This study investigated the toxicity of continuous and pulsed exposures of a complex, neutralised drainage water (NDW) and dissolved copper-spiked dilute NDW to the green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The effects of single pulses of between 1 and 48 h duration and continuous exposures (72 h) on algal growth rate inhibition were compared on a time-averaged concentration (TAC) basis. Algal growth rates generally recovered to control levels within 24-48 h of the pulse removal. Continuous exposures to NDW resulted in similar or marginally higher toxicity to the algae when compared to pulsed exposures of equivalent TAC (% NDW). The toxicity of the NDW was attributed mostly to the metals, with the major cations potentially causing effects that are both additive (direct toxicity) and antagonistic (lower bioavailability of trace metals). For dissolved copper in dilute NDW, the pulsed exposures caused slightly higher toxicity than continuous exposures of equivalent dissolved copper TAC, with much of the difference explained by differences in labile copper concentrations between treatments. The results indicate that water quality guideline values for toxicants derived from continuous chronic exposures may be relaxed for pulsed exposures by a factor related to the TAC with the intent to provide an adequately protective but not overly-conservative outcome. The study highlights the influence that natural water quality parameters such as water hardness and DOC can have metal speciation and toxicity, and indicates that these parameters are particularly important for site-specific water quality guideline value derivation where, on a TAC basis, pulsed exposures may be more toxic than continuous exposures typically used in guideline value derivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad M Angel
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Kathryn Goodwyn
- Centre for Medical and Molecular Biosciences, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- Centre for Medical and Molecular Biosciences, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
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21
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Markovic M, Kumar A, Andjelkovic I, Lath S, Kirby JK, Losic D, Batley GE, McLaughlin MJ. Ecotoxicology of manufactured graphene oxide nanomaterials and derivation of preliminary guideline values for freshwater environments. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1340-1348. [PMID: 29314166 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The unique physical and chemical properties of graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) have inspired a diverse range of scientific and industrial applications. The market value of GNMs is predicted to reach $US 1.3 billion by 2023. Common to many nanomaterials, an important and unresolved question is the environmental consequences of the increases in GNMs use. The current deficiencies in studies reporting ecotoxicology data for GNMs include differences in analytical methodologies for quantification, no standardized test guidelines, differences in morphology of GNMs, the lack of Chemical Abstract Service numbers, and the quality of the reported data. The assessment of potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms typically relies on guideline values based on species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of toxicity data. We present preliminary water quality guideline values for graphene oxide NMs in freshwaters. Data include 10 species from 7 phyla (bacteria and fungi were not included). The most sensitive organism was found to be the freshwater shrimp Palaemon pandaliformis. The derived guideline values for 99, 95, 90, and 80% species protection were 350, 600, 830, and 1300 μg/L, respectively. These results will contribute to the regulatory derivations of future water quality guideline values for graphene-based NMs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1340-1348. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Markovic
- Soil Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anupama Kumar
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ivan Andjelkovic
- Soil Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Supriya Lath
- Soil Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jason K Kirby
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme E Batley
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J McLaughlin
- Soil Science, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
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22
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Obiakor MO, Tighe M, Wang Z, Ezeonyejiaku CD, Pereg L, Wilson SC. The relative sensitivity of freshwater species to antimony(III): Implications for water quality guidelines and ecological risk assessments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:25276-25290. [PMID: 28929352 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is a pollutant in many jurisdictions, yet its threat to aquatic biota is unclear. Water quality guidelines (WQGs) for Sb are not well established and large uncertainty factors are commonly applied in derivation. We constructed freshwater species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for Sb(III) using available acute toxicity data sourced from temperate and tropical regional studies. A tiered ecological risk assessment (ERA) approach using risk quotients (RQs) was applied for characterisation of risks presented by Sb(III) concentrations measured in the freshwater environment. Multiple parametric models were fitted for each SSD, with the optimal model used to derive the 5% hazardous concentration (HC5), defined as protective of 95% of species, and the corresponding predicted no effect concentration (PNEC). The HC5 values for whole and temperate SSDs were estimated at 781 and 976 μg L-1 Sb(III), respectively, while the PNECs for both datasets were 156 and 195 μg L-1 Sb(III), respectively. Due to limited tropical data, a temperate-to-tropic extrapolation factor of 10 was used to estimate an interim PNEC for tropical regions of 20 μg L-1 Sb(III). Based on published freshwater Sb(III) concentration values across a range of locations, potential ecological risks posed by Sb(III) in some freshwater systems studied would be classified as medium to high risk, but the majority of locations sampled would fall into the low ecological risk category. Our results facilitate the understanding of toxic effects of Sb(III) to freshwater species but also demonstrate that data for Sb ERA are extremely limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Tighe
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhen Wang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Lily Pereg
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C Wilson
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
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23
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Angel BM, Simpson SL, Granger E, Goodwyn K, Jolley DF. Time-averaged concentrations are effective for predicting chronic toxicity of varying copper pulse exposures for two freshwater green algae species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:787-797. [PMID: 28734260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent, fluctuating and pulsed contaminant discharges may result in organisms receiving highly variable contaminant exposures. This study investigated the effects of dissolved copper pulse concentration and exposure duration on the toxicity to two freshwater green algae species. The effects of single copper pulses of between 1 and 48 h duration and continuous exposures (72 h) on growth rate inhibition of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlorella sp. were compared on a time-averaged concentration (TAC) basis. Relationships were then derived between the exposure concentration and duration required to elicit different levels of toxicity expressed as inhibition concentration (IC). Continuous exposure IC50's of 3.0 and 1.9 μg/L were measured on a TAC basis for P. subcapitata and Chlorella sp., respectively. Algal growth rates generally recovered to control levels within 24-48 h of the copper pulse removal, with some treatments exhibiting significantly (p < 0.05) higher rates of cell division than controls in this recovery period. For both algae, when exposed to treatments with equivalent TACs, the continuous exposure elicited similar or slightly greater growth rate inhibition than the pulsed exposures. To elicit equivalent inhibition, the exposure concentration increased as the exposure duration decreased, and power models fitted this relationship reasonably well for both species. Water quality guideline values (WQGVs) are predominantly derived using data from continuous exposure toxicity bioassays, despite intermittent contaminant exposures often occurring in aquatic systems. The results indicate the WQGV for copper may be relaxed for pulsed exposures by a factor less than or equivalent to the TAC and still achieve a protection to these sensitive algae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad M Angel
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Ellissah Granger
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Kathryn Goodwyn
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia; Centre for Medicinal and Molecular Biosciences, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- Centre for Medicinal and Molecular Biosciences, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Australia
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24
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Koppel DJ, Gissi F, Adams MS, King CK, Jolley DF. Chronic toxicity of five metals to the polar marine microalga Cryothecomonas armigera - Application of a new bioassay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 228:211-221. [PMID: 28544998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The paucity of ecotoxicological data for Antarctic organisms is impeding the development of region-specific water quality guidelines. To address this limitation, toxicity testing protocols need to be developed to account for the unique physiology of polar organisms, in particular their slow growth rates. In this study, a toxicity test protocol was developed to investigate the toxicities of five metals to the polar marine microalga Cryothecomonas armigera. The concentrations which reduced population growth rate by 10% (EC10) after 24-d for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni were 21.6, 152, 366, 454, and 1220 μg.L-1, respectively. At the concentrations used in tests, only Cu and Ni were sufficiently toxic to enable the derivation of EC50 values of 63.1 and 1570 μg.L-1 respectively. All metals affected C. armigera's cellular physiology including cellular chlorophyll a fluorescence, cell complexity and size, and lipid concentrations. However, no changes to cellular membrane permeability were observed. The reduction in cellular lipid concentrations was a more sensitive indicator of toxicity for Cd, Ni, and Pb than growth rate inhibition, with EC10 values of 89, 894, and 11 μg.L-1, respectively, highlighting its potential as a sensitive measure of metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Koppel
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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25
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van Dam RA, Hogan AC, Harford AJ. Development and implementation of a site-specific water quality limit for uranium in a high conservation value ecosystem. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2017; 13:765-777. [PMID: 27943587 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water quality guideline values (GVs) are a key tool for water quality assessments. Site-specific GVs, which incorporate data relevant to local conditions and organisms, provide a higher level of confidence that the GV will protect the aquatic ecosystem at a site compared to generic GVs. Site-specific GVs are, therefore, considered particularly suitable for sites of high sociopolitical or ecological importance. The present paper provides an example of the refinement of a site-specific GV for high ecological value aquatic ecosystems in Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia, to improve its site specificity and statistical robustness, thereby increasing confidence in its application. Uranium is a contaminant of concern for Ranger U mine, which releases water into Magela Creek and Gulungul Creek in Kakadu National Park. A site-specific GV for U has been applied, as a statutory limit, to Magela Creek since 2004 and to Gulungul Creek since 2015. The GV of 6 μg/L U was derived from toxicity data for 5 local species tested under local conditions. The acquisition of additional U data, including new information on the effect of DOC on U toxicity, enabled a revision of the site-specific U GV to 2.8 μg/L U and an ability to adjust the value on the basis of environmental concentrations of DOC. The revised GV has been adopted as the statutory limit, with the regulatory framework structured so the GV requires adjustment based on DOC concentration only when an exceedance occurs. Monitoring data for Magela Creek (2001-2013) and Gulungul Creek (2003-2013) downstream of the mine show that dissolved U has not exceeded 1 μg/L. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:765-777. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick A van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Alicia C Hogan
- NRA Environmental Consultants, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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26
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Schlekat CE, Merrington G, Leverett D, Peters A. Chemical standard derivation for the protection of aquatic life: A guided world tour. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2017; 13:794-796. [PMID: 28613029 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dean Leverett
- WCA Environment, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Peters
- WCA Environment, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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27
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Mahbub KR, Kader M, Krishnan K, Labbate M, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Toxicity of Inorganic Mercury to Native Australian Grass Grown in Three Different Soils. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:850-855. [PMID: 28451726 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three native Australian grasses namely Iseilema membranaceum (Barcoo), Dichanthium sericeum (Queensland Blue) and Sporobolus africanus (Tussock) were grown in three different soils spiked with different concentrations of inorganic mercury and the root elongation was monitored up to 28 days following the germination. Results showed that mercury at certain concentrations significantly inhibited the root growth of all three tested native grasses grown in three soils, however, the toxicity was less in the soil with high organic carbon content and acidic pH. The calculated EC50 values ranged from 10 to 224 mg/kg total Hg in soil. However, the EC10 values indicated that existing guideline values for mercury may be of protective to the native Australian vegetation. Considering their tolerance to soil mercury, these grass species have the potential for their use in rehabilitation of mercury contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandaker Rayhan Mahbub
- Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- School of Life Sciences & the i3 Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammed Kader
- Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kannan Krishnan
- Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Maurizio Labbate
- School of Life Sciences & the i3 Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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28
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Cresswell T, Mazumder D, Callaghan PD, Nguyen A, Corry M, Simpson SL. Metal Transfer among Organs Following Short- and Long-Term Exposures Using Autoradiography: Cadmium Bioaccumulation by the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium australiense. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4054-4060. [PMID: 28299929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The uptake, depuration, and organ distribution of the radioisotope 109Cd were used to explore the internal kinetics of this nonessential metal following accumulation from waterborne cadmium by the freshwater decapod crustacean Macrobrachium australiense. Short- (6 h) and long-term (7 to 14 days) exposures to the radioisotope in solutions of 0.56 μg Cd/L were followed by depuration in metal- and isotope-free water for up to 21 days. The anatomical distribution of the radionuclide was visualized using autoradiography at predefined time points. The gills did not become saturated with cadmium after 14 days of exposure and demonstrated a greater rate of cadmium uptake relative to the hepatopancreas. Cadmium concentrations decreased rapidly during depuration from both gills and hepatopancreas after short exposures but slowly following long-term exposures. This suggests that the duration of cadmium exposure influences the depuration rate for this organism. The study demonstrates the complex behavior of cadmium accumulated by M. australiense and improves our understanding of how exposure duration will influence the internal location and potential toxicity of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cresswell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, Sydney, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Debashish Mazumder
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, Sydney, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Paul D Callaghan
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, Sydney, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - An Nguyen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, Sydney, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Michael Corry
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, Sydney, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research , Sydney, New South Wales 2232, Australia
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29
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Cumulative effects of suspended sediments, organic nutrients and temperature stress on early life history stages of the coral Acropora tenuis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44101. [PMID: 28281658 PMCID: PMC5345069 DOI: 10.1038/srep44101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reproduction is vulnerable to both declining water quality and warming temperatures, with simultaneous exposures likely compounding the negative impact of each stressor. We investigated how early life processes of the coral Acropora tenuis respond to increasing levels of suspended sediments in combination with temperature or organic nutrients. Fertilization success and embryo development were more sensitive to suspended sediments than to high temperatures or nutrient enrichment, while larval development (after acquisition of cilia) and settlement success were predominantly affected by thermal stress. Fertilization success was reduced 80% by suspended sediments, and up to 24% by temperature, while the addition of nutrients to suspended sediments had no further impact. Larval survivorship was unaffected by any of these treatments. However, settlement success of larvae developing from treatment-exposed embryos was negatively affected by all three stressors (e.g. up to 55% by suspended sediments), while exposure only during later larval stages predominantly responded to temperature stress. Environmentally relevant levels of suspended sediments and temperature had the greatest impacts, affecting more processes than the combined impacts of sediments and nutrients. These results suggest that management strategies to maintain suspended sediments at low concentrations during coral spawning events will benefit coral recruitment, especially with warming climate.
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30
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van Dam JW, Trenfield MA, Harries SJ, Streten C, Harford AJ, Parry D, van Dam RA. A novel bioassay using the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite to evaluate chronic effects of aluminium, gallium and molybdenum in tropical marine receiving environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:427-435. [PMID: 27423445 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A need exists for appropriate tools to evaluate risk and monitor potential effects of contaminants in tropical marine environments, as currently impact assessments are conducted by non-representative approaches. Here, a novel bioassay is presented that allows for the estimation of the chronic toxicity of contaminants in receiving tropical marine environments. The bioassay is conducted using planktonic larvae of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite and is targeted at generating environmentally relevant, chronic toxicity data for water quality guideline derivation or compliance testing. The developmental endpoint demonstrated a consistently high control performance, validated through the use of copper as a reference toxicant. In addition, the biological effects of aluminium, gallium and molybdenum were assessed. The endpoint expressed high sensitivity to copper and moderate sensitivity to aluminium, whereas gallium and molybdenum exhibited no discernible effects, even at high concentrations, providing valuable information on the toxicity of these elements in tropical marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost W van Dam
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PO Box 41775, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia.
| | - Melanie A Trenfield
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PO Box 41775, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia; Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia; Charles Darwin University, PO Box 40146, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia.
| | - Simon J Harries
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PO Box 41775, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia.
| | - Claire Streten
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PO Box 41775, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia.
| | - David Parry
- Charles Darwin University, PO Box 40146, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia; Rio Tinto Aluminium, GPO Box 153, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Rick A van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, GPO Box 461, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia.
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31
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Mooney TJ, Harford AJ, Trenfield MA, Pease CJ, Hogan AC, van Dam RA. Increasing uranium exposure durations to the aquatic snail Amerianna cumingi does not result in lower toxicity estimates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2851-2858. [PMID: 27115938 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive inhibition (egg production) of the aquatic snail Amerianna cumingi over 4 d has been used to derive toxicity estimates for toxicants of concern in tropical Australia. Toxicity estimates from this test have been used as chronic data points in species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for deriving site-specific guideline values. However, revised guidance for the Australian and New Zealand Water Quality Guidelines advises that test durations for adult macroinvertebrates should be ≥14 d to be considered chronic. Hence, to strengthen the data set underpinning the site-specific guideline value for uranium (U) in Magela Creek, which receives water from the Ranger Uranium Mine in northern Australia, the toxicity of U to A. cumingi was compared after 4 d, 9 d, and 14 d. Daily U concentrations were measured because of expected U loss during testing, providing extensive chemical analyses of the U exposure during the toxicity tests. Comparison of the U concentrations causing 50% reproductive inhibition (IC50) after 4 d, 9 d, and 14 d showed no difference in toxicity (4 d IC50 = 161 μg L-1 , confidence interval = 133-195; 9-d IC50 = 151 μg L-1 , confidence interval = 127-180; 14-d IC50 = 153 μg L-1 , confidence interval = 29-180). The present study provides evidence that test durations of <14 d are suitable for assessing chronic toxicity to U for this species and supports the use of the 4-d toxicity estimate in the SSD for U. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2851-2858. © 2016 Commonwealth of Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mooney
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Harford
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Melanie A Trenfield
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Ceiwen J Pease
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Alicia C Hogan
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Rick A van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Department of the Environment, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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32
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Junghans M, Andres S, Bachmann J, Kase R, Korkaric M, Kirst I, Maack G, Moermond C, Smit E, Valsecchi S, Vanhooren J, Verbruggen E, Werner I, Whitehouse P. To the editor. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2392-2394. [PMID: 27717068 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Junghans
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Andres
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Robert Kase
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Muris Korkaric
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Kirst
- German Environment Agency Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Gerd Maack
- German Environment Agency Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Caroline Moermond
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Els Smit
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Valsecchi
- IRSA-CNR, Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy Brugherio, Italy
| | | | - Eric Verbruggen
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL Dübendorf, Switzerland
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33
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Pathiratne A, Kroon FJ. Using species sensitivity distribution approach to assess the risks of commonly detected agricultural pesticides to Australia's tropical freshwater ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:419-28. [PMID: 26260635 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To assess the potential impacts of agricultural pesticides on tropical freshwater ecosystems, the present study developed temperature-specific, freshwater species protection concentrations (i.e., ecotoxicity threshold values) for 8 pesticides commonly detected in Australia's tropical freshwaters. Because relevant toxicity data for native tropical freshwater species to assess the ecological risks were mostly absent, scientifically robust toxicity data obtained at ≥20 °C were used for ecologically relevant taxonomic groups representing primary producers and consumers. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves were subsequently generated for predicted chronic exposure using Burrlioz 2.0 software with mixed chronic and converted acute data relevant to exposure conditions at ≥20 °C. Ecotoxicity threshold values for tropical freshwater ecosystem protection were generated for ametryn, atrazine, diuron, metolachlor, and imidacloprid (all moderate reliability), as well as simazine, hexazinone, and tebuthiuron (all low reliability). Using these SSD curves, the retrospective risk assessments for recently reported pesticide concentrations highlight that the herbicides ametryn, atrazine, and diuron are of major concern for ecological health in Australia's tropical freshwater ecosystems. The insecticide imidacloprid also appears to pose an emerging threat to the most sensitive species in tropical freshwater ecosystems. The exposed temperature-specific approach may be applied to develop water quality guideline values for other environmental contaminants detected in tropical freshwater ecosystems until reliable and relevant toxicity data are generated using representative native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asoka Pathiratne
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Frederieke J Kroon
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Ecosystem Sciences, Atherton, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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34
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Mahbub KR, Krishnan K, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Mercury Inhibits Soil Enzyme Activity in a Lower Concentration than the Guideline Value. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 96:76-82. [PMID: 26438177 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three soil types - neutral, alkaline and acidic were experimentally contaminated with nine different concentrations of inorganic mercury (0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg/kg) to derive effective concentrations of mercury that exert toxicity on soil quality. Bioavailability of mercury in terms of water solubility was lower in acidic soil with higher organic carbon. Dehydrogenase enzyme activity and nitrification rate were chosen as indicators to assess soil quality. Inorganic mercury significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) microbial activities in the soils. The critical mercury contents (EC10) were found to be less than the available safe limits for inorganic mercury which demonstrated inadequacy of existing guideline values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandaker Rayhan Mahbub
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Level 1, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Kannan Krishnan
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Level 1, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Level 1, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Level 1, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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35
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Beasley A, Belanger SE, Brill JL, Otter RR. Evaluation and comparison of the relationship between NOEC and EC10 or EC20 values in chronic Daphnia toxicity testing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2378-84. [PMID: 26033640 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypothesis-based no-effect-concentration (NOEC) and regression-based x% effect concentration (ECx) values are common statistical approaches used to summarize ecotoxicological effects. Controversy over the NOEC model has prompted a movement toward discontinuation of the NOEC in favor of ECx, but the best x% effect surrogate for NOEC has not yet been determined. Historically, 10% and 20% effect concentrations (EC10 and EC20) have been treated as NOEC analogs. Given these measurements' importance to ecotoxicology, further understanding of the relationships between NOEC and EC10 or EC20 is crucial. In the present study, a metadataset of daphnid chronic toxicity tests was compiled to analyze the strength and significance of NOEC:EC10 and NOEC:EC20 relationships. The impact of endpoint (e.g., mortality, reproduction) and test condition parameters (e.g., pH, temperature) on NOEC:EC10 and NOEC:EC20 was evaluated. Mortality endpoints were most sensitive 51% of the time, with growth and reproductive endpoints constituting the remainder, underscoring the value of using multiple endpoints to evaluate toxic effects rather than relying on reproduction as the a priori most sensitive endpoint. When test condition parameters were less restricted (e.g., pH, hardness), the NOEC:EC20 association was more robust, suggesting that variability introduced by test implementation increased variability in ECx calculation. The analysis revealed that, overall, EC10 was a more suitable analog than EC20 for NOEC. Recommendations include refinement and reporting of the test parameters pH and hardness to minimize variability in ECx calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Beasley
- Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott E Belanger
- Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, Mason Business Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica L Brill
- Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, Mason Business Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan R Otter
- Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
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Howe PL, Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Krassoi R, Micevska T. Comparative sensitivity of the cnidarian Exaiptasia pallida and a standard toxicity test suite: testing whole effluents intended for ocean disposal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13225-13233. [PMID: 25940467 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida (formally Aiptasia pulchella) has been identified as a valuable test species for tropical marine ecotoxicology. Here, the sensitivities of newly developed endpoints for E. pallida to two unidentified whole effluents were compared to a standard suite of temperate toxicity test species and endpoints that are commonly used in toxicological risk assessments for tropical marine environments. For whole effluent 1 (WE1), a 96-h lethal concentration 50 % (LC50) of 40 (95 % confidence intervals, 30-54) % v/v and a 12-day LC50 of 12 (9-15) % v/v were estimated for E. pallida, exhibiting a significantly higher sensitivity than standard sub-lethal endpoints in Allorchestes compressa (96-h effective concentration 50 % (EC50) of >100 % v/v for immobilisation) and Hormosira banksii (72-h EC50 of >100 % v/v for germination), and a similar sensitivity to Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis larval development with a 48-h LC50 of 29 (28-30) % v/v. Sub-lethal effects of whole effluent 2 (WE2) on E. pallida pedal lacerate development resulted in an 8-day EC50 of 7 (3-11) % v/v, demonstrating comparable sensitivity of this endpoint to standardised sub-lethal endpoints in H. banksii (72-h EC50 of 11 (10-11) % v/v for germination), M. edulis galloprovincialis (48-h EC50 for larval development of 12 (9-14) % v/v) and Heliocidaris tuberculata (1-h EC50 of 13 (12-14) % v/v for fertilisation; 72-h EC50 of 26 (25-27) % v/v for larval development) and a significantly higher sensitivity than A. compressa immobilisation (96-h EC50 of >100 % v/v). The sensitivity of E. pallida compared to a standard test species suite highlights the value in standardising the newly developed toxicity test methods for inclusion in routine toxicological risk assessment of complex whole effluents. Importantly, this species provides an additional taxonomic group to the test species that are currently available for tropical marine ecotoxicology and, being a cnidarian, may represent important tropical marine environments including coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Howe
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia,
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Gissi F, Adams MS, King CK, Jolley DF. A robust bioassay to assess the toxicity of metals to the Antarctic marine microalga Phaeocystis antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1578-1587. [PMID: 25703718 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite evidence of contamination in Antarctic coastal marine environments, no water-quality guidelines have been established for the region because of a paucity of biological effects data for local Antarctic species. Currently, there is limited information on the sensitivity of Antarctic microalgae to metal contamination, which is exacerbated by the lack of standard toxicity testing protocols for local marine species. In the present study, a routine and robust toxicity test protocol was developed using the Antarctic marine microalga Phaeocystis antarctica, and its sensitivity was investigated following 10-d exposures to dissolved copper, cadmium, lead, zinc, and nickel. In comparisons of 10% inhibition of population growth rate (IC10) values, P. antarctica was most sensitive to copper (3.3 μg/L), followed by cadmium (135 μg/L), lead (260 μg/L), and zinc (450 μg/L). Although an IC10 value for nickel could not be accurately estimated, the no-observed-effect concentration value for nickel was 1070 μg/L. Exposure to copper and cadmium caused changes in internal cell granularity and increased chlorophyll a fluorescence. Lead, zinc, and nickel had no effect on any of the cellular parameters measured. The present study provides valuable metal-ecotoxicity data for an Antarctic marine microalga, with P. antarctica representing one of the most sensitive microalgal species to dissolved copper ever reported when compared with temperate and tropical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gissi
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Merrin S Adams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine K King
- Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Angel BM, Simpson SL, Chariton AA, Stauber JL, Jolley DF. Time-averaged copper concentrations from continuous exposures predicts pulsed exposure toxicity to the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum: Importance of uptake and elimination. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 164:1-9. [PMID: 25911575 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent, fluctuating and pulsed contaminant discharges result in organisms receiving highly variable contaminant exposures. Current water quality guidelines are predominantly derived using data from continuous exposure toxicity tests, and most frequently applied by regulators with the assumption that concentrations from a single sampling event will provide a meaningful approach to assessing potential effects. This study investigated the effect of single and multiple (daily) dissolved copper pulses on the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, including measurements of copper uptake and elimination to investigate the toxic mechanism. Copper pulses of between 0.5 and 24h and continuous exposures with equivalent 72-h time-averaged concentrations (TACs) resulted in similar biomass inhibition of P. tricornutum, with continuous exposures often being marginally more toxic. Rates of cell division generally recovered to control levels within 24h of the copper pulse removal. Upon resuspension in clean seawater, the extracellular copper per cell decreased rapidly, whereas the intracellular copper per cell decreased slowly. Negligible loss of copper from the total algal biomass indicated that P. tricornutum did not have an effective mechanism for eliminating copper from cells, rather the intracellular copper decreased as a result of dilution by cellular division as the algal growth rate recovered. The measurement of copper uptake after 72-h exposure and kinetics of elimination thereafter suggest that continuous exposures are marginally more toxic to P. tricornutum than pulsed copper exposures with equivalent TACs because slow internalization and saturation of algal membrane transport sites results in less copper uptake into pulse-exposed cells than continuously-exposed cells coupled with dilution of internalized copper via cellular division in the post-exposure period. In the case of P. tricornutum, the results indicate that water quality guidelines for copper based on continuous exposure will be conservative when applied to short-term discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad M Angel
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Anthony A Chariton
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Jenny L Stauber
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Chen C, Mu Y, Wu F, Zhang R, Su H, Giesy JP. Derivation of marine water quality criteria for metals based on a novel QICAR-SSD model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4297-4304. [PMID: 25292300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of water quality criteria (WQC) is one procedure for protection of marine organisms and their ecosystems. This study, which integrated two separate approaches, quantitative ion character-activity relationships (QICARs) and species sensitivity distributions (SSDs), developed a novel QICAR-SSD model. The QICARs predict relative potencies of individual elements while SSDs integrate relative sensitivities among organisms. The QICAR-SSD approach was applied to derive saltwater WQC for 34 metals or metalloids. Relationships between physicochemical properties of metal ions and their corresponding potencies for acute toxicity to eight selected marine species were determined. The softness index (σp) exhibited the strongest correlation with the acute toxicity of metals (r (2) > 0.66, F > 5.88, P < 0.94 × 10(-2)). Predictive criteria maximum concentrations for the eight metals, derived by applying the SSD approach to values predicted by use of QICARs, were within the same order of magnitude as values recommended by the US EPA (2009). In general, the results support that the QICAR-SSD approach is a rapid method to estimate WQC for metals for which little or no information is available for marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Golding LA, Angel BM, Batley GE, Apte SC, Krassoi R, Doyle CJ. Derivation of a water quality guideline for aluminium in marine waters. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:141-51. [PMID: 25318392 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal risk assessment of industrialized harbors and coastal marine waters requires the application of robust water quality guidelines to determine the likelihood of biological impacts. Currently there is no such guideline available for aluminium in marine waters. A water quality guideline of 24 µg total Al/L has been developed for aluminium in marine waters based on chronic 10% inhibition or effect concentrations (IC10 or EC10) and no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) from 11 species (2 literature values and 9 species tested including temperate and tropical species) representing 6 taxonomic groups. The 3 most sensitive species tested were a diatom Ceratoneis closterium (formerly Nitzschia closterium; IC10 = 18 µg Al/L, 72-h growth rate inhibition) < mussel Mytilus edulis plannulatus (EC10 = 250 µg Al/L, 72-h embryo development) < oyster Saccostrea echinata (EC10 = 410 µg Al/L, 48-h embryo development). Toxicity to these species was the result of the dissolved aluminium forms of aluminate (Al(OH4 (-) ) and aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3 (0) ) although both dissolved, and particulate aluminium contributed to toxicity in the diatom Minutocellus polymorphus and green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. In contrast, aluminium toxicity to the green flagellate alga Tetraselmis sp. was the result of particulate aluminium only. Four species, a brown macroalga (Hormosira banksii), sea urchin embryo (Heliocidaris tuberculata), and 2 juvenile fish species (Lates calcarifer and Acanthochromis polyacanthus), were not adversely affected at the highest test concentration used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Golding
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Kon Kam King G, Veber P, Charles S, Delignette-Muller ML. MOSAIC_SSD: a new web tool for species sensitivity distribution to include censored data by maximum likelihood. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:2133-2139. [PMID: 24863265 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Censored data are seldom taken into account in species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analysis. However, they are found in virtually every dataset and sometimes represent the better part of the data. Stringent recommendations on data quality often entail discarding a lot of these meaningful data, resulting in datasets of reduced size which lack representativeness of any realistic community. However, it is reasonably simple to include censored data in SSD by using an extension of the standard maximum likelihood method. The authors detail this approach based on the use of the R-package fitdistrplus, dedicated to the fit of parametric probability distributions. The authors present the new Web tool MOSAIC_SSD, that can fit an SSD on datasets containing any type of data, censored or not. The MOSAIC_SSD Web tool predicts any hazardous concentration and provides bootstrap confidence intervals on the predictions. Finally, the authors illustrate the added value of including censored data in SSD, taking examples from published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Kon Kam King
- UMR CNRS 5558-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Unviersite Claude Bernard, Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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van Dam RA, Humphrey CL, Harford AJ, Sinclair A, Jones DR, Davies S, Storey AW. Site-specific water quality guidelines: 1. Derivation approaches based on physicochemical, ecotoxicological and ecological data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:118-130. [PMID: 23846952 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Generic water quality guidelines (WQGs) are developed by countries/regions as broad scale tools to assist with the protection of aquatic ecosystems from the impacts of toxicants. However, since generic WQGs cannot adequately account for the many environmental factors that may affect toxicity at a particular site, site-specific WQGs are often needed, especially for high environmental value ecosystems. The Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality provide comprehensive guidance on methods for refining or deriving WQGs for site-specific purposes. This paper describes three such methods for deriving site-specific WQGs, namely: (1) using local reference water quality data, (2) using biological effects data from laboratory-based toxicity testing, and (3) using biological effects data from field surveys. Two case studies related to the assessment of impacts arising from mining operations in northern Australia are used to illustrate the application of these methods. Finally, the potential of several emerging methods designed to assess thresholds of ecological change from field data for deriving site-specific WQGs is discussed. Ideally, multiple lines of evidence approaches, integrating both laboratory and field data, are recommended for deriving site-specific WQGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A van Dam
- Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, Supervising Scientist Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, GPO Box 461, Darwin, Australia, 0801,
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