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Stamer T, Traulsen P, Rieken J, Schmahl T, Menrath I, Steinhäuser J. Determinants of the implementation of eHealth-based long-term follow-up care for young cancer survivors: a qualitative study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1159. [PMID: 39294671 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND eHealth may help closing gaps in the long-term follow-up care of former young age cancer patients. While its introduction to medical aftercare appears promising, it also faces obstacles in the course of its implementation. This study explored what prospective eHealth applications have to achieve and what facilitating and hindering factors are associated with the implementation of them. METHODS A qualitative, explorative-descriptive design involving semi-structured interviews was used in this study. General practitioners (GPs) from urban and rural areas as well as former cancer patients were recruited and interviewed. The interview guide focused on expectations of telemedical care services for the patient group of children and adolescents as well as potential facilitating and hindering factors of the implementation of telemedical care services for former cancer patients. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed on the basis of qualitative content analysis as described by Kuckartz. RESULTS Empiric saturation was reached after 25 interviews, respectively. The age of the physicians surveyed at the time of the interviews ranged from 27 to 71 years, with an average of 42 years. The former patients ranged in age from 21 to 43 at the time of participation, with an average age of 34. The age at diagnosis ranged from 3 to 31 years. eHealth services were considered an effective way to maintain continuity of care and improve the health literacy of cancer survivors. Cooperation with health insurance companies and gamification-elements were regarded as beneficial for the introduction of eHealth structures. Poor interface compatibility, insufficient network coverage and lack of digital literacy were valued as potential barriers. CONCLUSIONS If properly introduced, eHealth shows the potential to provide stakeholders with tools that increase their self-efficacy and ability to act. As the technology continues to advance, our data provides application-oriented factors for tailored implementation strategies to bring eHealth into the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjorven Stamer
- Institute of Family Medicine, UKSH Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Pia Traulsen
- Institute of Family Medicine, UKSH Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Johannes Rieken
- Institute of Family Medicine, UKSH Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Teresa Schmahl
- Institute of Family Medicine, UKSH Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ingo Menrath
- Clinic of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, UKSH Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jost Steinhäuser
- Institute of Family Medicine, UKSH Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
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Hamilton-West KE, Feast A, Masento NA, Knowles B, Sloan C, Weaver L. Development of an implementation science informed "Test Evidence Transition" program to improve cancer outcomes. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2024; 4:1328342. [PMID: 38699140 PMCID: PMC11064790 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2024.1328342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Translation of cancer research into practice takes around 15 years. Programs informed by implementation science methods and frameworks offer potential to improve cancer outcomes by addressing the implementation gap. Methods We describe the development of a Test Evidence Transition (TET) program which provides funding and support to health system delivery teams and project design and evaluation partners working together to achieve three objectives: Test innovations to support optimal cancer pathways that transform clinical practice; Evidence the process, outcome, and impact of implementation; and work with strategic partners to ensure the Transition of best practice into effective and equitable adoption across UK health systems. Results Phase 1 launched in April 2023. Teams with the capability and motivation to implement evidence-based pathway innovations were identified and invited to submit expressions of interest. Following peer-review, teams were supported to develop full proposals with input from academics specializing in health services research, evaluation, and implementation science. Projects were selected for funding, providing an opportunity to implement and evaluate innovations with support from academic and health system partners. Conclusions TET aims to improve cancer outcomes by identifying and addressing local-level barriers to evidence-based practice and translating findings into consistent and equitable adoption across health systems. Phase 1 projects focus on pathway innovations in diagnosis for breast and prostate cancer. We are now launching Phase 2, focusing on colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Hamilton-West
- Social and Behavioral Research Team, Evidence and Implementation Department, Policy Information and Communications Directorate, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
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Aschbrenner KA, Kruse G, Emmons KM, Singh D, Barber-Dubois ME, Miller AM, Thomas AN, Bartels SJ. Stakeholder and Equity Data-Driven Implementation: a Mixed Methods Pilot Feasibility Study. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:136-146. [PMID: 36194312 PMCID: PMC9530430 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a mixed methods pilot feasibility study of a Stakeholder and Equity Data-Driven Implementation (SEDDI) process to facilitate using healthcare data to identify patient groups experiencing gaps in the use of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) and rapidly adapt EBIs to achieve greater access and equitable outcomes. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of SEDDI in a pilot hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation trial of a paired colorectal cancer (CRC) and social needs screening intervention at four federally qualified community health centers (CHCs). An external facilitator partnered with CHC teams to support initial implementation, followed by the SEDDI phase focused on advancing health equity. Facilitation sessions were delivered over 8 months. Preliminary evaluation of SEDDI involved convergent mixed methods with quantitative survey and focus group data. CHCs used data to identify gaps in outreach and completion of CRC screening with respect to race/ethnicity, gender, age, and language. Adaptations to improve access and use of the intervention included cultural, linguistic, and health literacy tailoring. CHC teams reported that facilitation and systematic review of data were helpful in identifying and prioritizing gaps. None of the four CHCs completed rapid cycle testing of adaptations largely due to competing priorities during the COVID-19 response. SEDDI has the potential for advancing chronic disease prevention and management by providing a stakeholder and data-driven approach to identify and prioritize health equity targets and guide adaptations to improve health equity. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04585919.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gina Kruse
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen M Emmons
- Clinical Research Coordinator, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Annette N Thomas
- Department of Social & Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Rohweder CL, Morrison A, Mottus K, Young A, Caton L, Booth R, Reed C, Shea CM, Stover AM. Virtual quality improvement collaborative with primary care practices during COVID-19: a case study within a clinically integrated network. BMJ Open Qual 2024; 13:e002400. [PMID: 38351031 PMCID: PMC10868276 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quality improvement collaboratives (QICs) are a common approach to facilitate practice change and improve care delivery. Attention to QIC implementation processes and outcomes can inform best practices for designing and delivering collaborative content. In partnership with a clinically integrated network, we evaluated implementation outcomes for a virtual QIC with independent primary care practices delivered during COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal case study evaluation of a virtual QIC in which practices participated in bimonthly online meetings and monthly tailored QI coaching sessions from July 2020 to June 2021. Implementation outcomes included: (1) level of engagement (meeting attendance and poll questions), (2) QI capacity (assessments completed by QI coaches), (3) use of QI tools (plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycles started and completed) and (4) participant perceptions of acceptability (interviews and surveys). RESULTS Seven clinics from five primary care practices participated in the virtual QIC. Of the seven sites, five were community health centres, three were in rural counties and clinic size ranged from 1 to 7 physicians. For engagement, all practices had at least one member attend all online QIC meetings and most (9/11 (82%)) poll respondents reported meeting with their QI coach at least once per month. For QI capacity, practice-level scores showed improvements in foundational, intermediate and advanced QI work. For QI tools used, 26 PDCA cycles were initiated with 9 completed. Most (10/11 (91%)) survey respondents were satisfied with their virtual QIC experience. Twelve interviews revealed additional themes such as challenges in obtaining real-time data and working with multiple electronic medical record systems. DISCUSSION A virtual QIC conducted with independent primary care practices during COVID-19 resulted in high participation and satisfaction. QI capacity and use of QI tools increased over 1 year. These implementation outcomes suggest that virtual QICs may be an attractive alternative to engage independent practices in QI work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Rohweder
- Center for Women's Health Research, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS), The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abigail Morrison
- Department of Health Behavior, The University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen Mottus
- The North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS), The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexa Young
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren Caton
- The North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS), The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, The University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ronni Booth
- UNC Health Alliance, UNC Health Care System, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christine Reed
- UNC Health Alliance, UNC Health Care System, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher M Shea
- The North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS), The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, The University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angela M Stover
- The North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS), The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, The University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Sowan A, Chinman M. Model for Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects Based on Cross-Fertilization Between Improvement and Implementation Sciences: Protocol for Quality Improvement and Program Evaluation Studies. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e54213. [PMID: 38294860 PMCID: PMC10867758 DOI: 10.2196/54213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hundreds of nursing professionals graduate each year from Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs, entrusted with roles as practice scholars and leaders. Graduates are tasked to lead multidisciplinary knowledge implementation projects to improve safety, quality, and key performance metrics. Nevertheless, there is a continued lack of agreement and faculty dissatisfaction with the format, focus, and results of the DNP graduation projects. The use of a wide range of models and methodologies from different sciences for knowledge implementation introduces challenges to DNP students; affects the scientific rigor of the projects; and results in the overuse, superficial use, or misuse of the models. Quality improvement (QI) and program evaluation studies are substantial investments that may lead to waste and even harm if not well conducted. Traditional QI methodologies, commonly used in DNP projects, were found to be uncertain in improving health care outcomes. The complexity of health care systems calls for cross-fertilization between improvement and implementation sciences to improve health care outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a hybrid model for QI and program evaluation studies to guide scholarship in the DNP program. METHODS The hybrid model was based on cross-fertilization between improvement and implementation sciences. The model adapted the Getting to Outcome (GTO) and Knowledge to Action (KTA) models as the overarching process models for knowledge implementation. Within each phase of the GTO and KTA models, expected barriers and facilitators for the implementation and adoption of innovation were identified based on the CFIR (Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research). Accordingly, strategies to facilitate the implementation and adoption of innovations were identified based on a refined list of implementation strategies and QI tools. The choice of these models was based on the top 5 criteria for selecting implementation science theories and frameworks. Seven DNP students used the hybrid model to conduct QI projects. Students evaluated their experiences by responding to a Qualtrics survey. RESULTS The hybrid model encouraged a comprehensive systematic way of thinking, provided tools essential to implementation success, emphasized the need for adaptability in implementation, maintained rigor in QI, and guided the sustainability of change initiatives. Some of the challenges faced by students included finding reliable and valid measures, attaining and maintaining staff buy-in, and competing organizational priorities. CONCLUSIONS Cross-fertilization between improvement and implementation sciences provided a roadmap and systematic thinking for successful QI projects in the DNP program. The integration of the CFIR with the GTO or KTA process models, enforced by the use of evidence-based implementation strategies and QI tools, reflected the complexity of health care systems and emphasized the need for adaptability in implementation. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/54213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizeh Sowan
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Matthew Chinman
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Coury J, Coronado GD, Myers E, Patzel M, Thompson J, Whidden-Rivera C, Davis MM. Engaging with Rural Communities for Colorectal Cancer Screening Outreach Using Modified Boot Camp Translation. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2024; 18:47-59. [PMID: 38661826 PMCID: PMC11047025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are disproportionately high among rural residents and Medicaid enrollees. OBJECTIVES To address disparities, we used a modified community engagement approach, Boot Camp Translation (BCT). Research partners, an advisory board, and the rural community informed messaging about CRC outreach and a mailed fecal immunochemical test program. METHODS Eligible rural patients (English-speaking and ages 50-74) and clinic staff involved in patient outreach participated in a BCT conducted virtually over two months. We applied qualitative analysis to BCT transcripts and field notes. RESULTS Key themes included: the importance of directly communicating about the seriousness of cancer, leveraging close clinic-patient relationships, and communicating the test safety, ease, and low cost. CONCLUSIONS Using a modified version of BCT delivered in a virtual format, we were able to successfully capture community input to adapt a CRC outreach program for use in rural settings. Program materials will be tested during a pragmatic trial to address rural CRC screening disparities.
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Wilson BE, Sullivan R, Peto R, Abubakar B, Booth C, Werutsky G, Adams C, Saint-Raymond A, Fleming TR, Lyerly K, Gralow JR. Global Cancer Drug Development-A Report From the 2022 Accelerating Anticancer Agent Development and Validation Meeting. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2300294. [PMID: 37944089 PMCID: PMC10645408 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly expanding systemic treatment options, combined with improved screening, diagnostic, surgical, and radiotherapy techniques, have led to improved survival outcomes for many cancers over time. However, these overall survival gains have disproportionately benefited patients in high-income countries, whereas patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to experience challenges in accessing timely and guideline concordant care. In September 2022, the Accelerating Anticancer Agent Development and Validation workshop was held, focusing on global cancer drug development. Panelists discussed key barriers such as the lack of diagnostic services and human resources, drug accessibility and affordability, lack of research infrastructure, and regulatory and authorization challenges, with a particular focus on Africa and Latin America. Potential opportunities to improve access and affordability were reviewed, such as the importance of prioritizing investments in diagnostics, investing health infrastructure and work force planning, coordinated drug procurement efforts and streamlined regulatory processing, incentivized pricing through regulatory change, and the importance of developing and promoting clinical trials that can answer relevant clinical questions for patients in LMICs. As a cancer community, we must continue to advocate for and work toward equitable access to high-quality interventions for patients, regardless of their geographical location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E. Wilson
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Richard Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer Policy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Peto
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bello Abubakar
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Christopher Booth
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Gustavo Werutsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cary Adams
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Agnes Saint-Raymond
- International Affairs Division, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kim Lyerly
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Callaghan-Koru J, Farzin A, Ridout E, Curran G. Integrating Implementation Science with Quality Improvement to Improve Perinatal Outcomes. Clin Perinatol 2023; 50:343-361. [PMID: 37201985 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Implementation science is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to contribute generalizable knowledge that can improve the translation of clinical evidence in routine care. To promote the integration of implementation science approaches with health care quality improvement, the authors offer a framework that links the Model for Improvement with implementation strategies and methods. Perinatal quality improvement teams can leverage the robust frameworks of implementation science to diagnose implementation barriers, select implementation strategies, and assess the strategies' contribution to improving care. Partnerships between implementation scientists and quality improvement teams could accelerate efforts by both groups to achieve measurable improvements in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Callaghan-Koru
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1125 North College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA.
| | - Azadeh Farzin
- Pediatrix of Maryland/Adventist Healthcare, 9901 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Erick Ridout
- American Academy of Pediatrics, 1380 East Medical Center Drive, St George, UT 84790, USA
| | - Geoffrey Curran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Davis MM, Coury J, Larson JH, Gunn R, Towey EG, Ketelhut A, Patzel M, Ramsey K, Coronado GD. Improving colorectal cancer screening in rural primary care: Preliminary effectiveness and implementation of a collaborative mailed fecal immunochemical test pilot. J Rural Health 2023; 39:279-290. [PMID: 35703582 PMCID: PMC9969840 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outreach can improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates. We piloted a collaborative mailed FIT program with health plans and rural clinics to evaluate preliminary effectiveness and refine implementation strategies. METHODS We conducted a single-arm study using a convergent, parallel mixed-methods design to evaluate the implementation of a collaborative mailed FIT program. Enrollees were identified using health plan claims and confirmed via clinic scrub. The intervention included a vendor-delivered automated phone call (auto-call) prompt, FIT mailing, and reminder auto-call; clinics were encouraged to make live reminder calls. Practice facilitation was the primary implementation strategy. At 12 months post mailing, we assessed the rates of: (1) mailed FIT return and (2) completion of any CRC screening. We took fieldnotes and conducted postintervention key informant interviews to assess implementation outcomes (eg, feasibility, acceptability, and adaptations). RESULTS One hundred and sixty-nine Medicaid or Medicare enrollees were mailed a FIT. Over the 12-month intervention, 62 participants (37%) completed screening of which 21% completed the mailed FIT (most were returned within 3 months), and 15% screened by other methods (FITs distributed in-clinic, colonoscopy). Enrollee demographics and the reminder call may encourage mailed FIT completion. Program feasibility and acceptability was high and supported by perceived positive benefit, alignment with existing workflows, adequate staffing, and practice facilitation. CONCLUSION Collaborative health plan-clinic mailed FIT programs are feasible and acceptable for implementation in rural clinics and support CRC screening completion. Studies that pragmatically test collaborative approaches to mailed FIT and patient navigation follow-up after abnormal FIT and support broad scale-up in rural settings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda M. Davis
- Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network, Portland, Oregon, USA,Department of Family Medicine and School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jen Coury
- Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mary Patzel
- Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Katrina Ramsey
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design (BERD) Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Abstract
Can we speed the testing, implementation and spread of management innovations in a systematic way to also contribute to scientific knowledge? Researchers and implementers have developed an approach to test and revise a local version of an innovation during its implementation. The chapter starts with a case example of an application of this combination of implementation and quality improvement sciences and practices (improve-mentation). It then summarizes four examples of this approach so as to help understand what improve-mentation is and how it is different from traditional quality improvement and traditional implementation of evidence-based practices. It considers gaps in knowledge that are hindering both more use of improve-mentation to generate scientific knowledge about spread and implementation, as well as more use of improve-mentation by health care service organizations and researchers. It closes by proposing fruitful research and development that can address these knowledge gaps to speed the implementation, sustainment and spread of care and management innovations.
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Eisman AB, Kim B, Salloum RG, Shuman CJ, Glasgow RE. Advancing rapid adaptation for urgent public health crises: Using implementation science to facilitate effective and efficient responses. Front Public Health 2022; 10:959567. [PMID: 36091566 PMCID: PMC9448975 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.959567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Responding rapidly to emerging public health crises is vital to reducing their escalation, spread, and impact on population health. These responses, however, are challenging and disparate processes for researchers and practitioners. Researchers often develop new interventions that take significant time and resources, with little exportability. In contrast, community-serving systems are often poorly equipped to properly adopt new interventions or adapt existing ones in a data-driven way during crises' onset and escalation. This results in significant delays in deploying evidence-based interventions (EBIs) with notable public health consequences. This prolonged timeline for EBI development and implementation results in significant morbidity and mortality that is costly and preventable. As public health emergencies have demonstrated (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic), the negative consequences often exacerbate existing health disparities. Implementation science has the potential to bridge the extant gap between research and practice, and enhance equity in rapid public health responses, but is underutilized. For the field to have a greater "real-world" impact, it needs to be more rapid, iterative, participatory, and work within the timeframes of community-serving systems. This paper focuses on rapid adaptation as a developing implementation science area to facilitate system responses during public health crises. We highlight frameworks to guide rapid adaptation for optimizing existing EBIs when responding to urgent public health issues. We also explore the economic implications of rapid adaptation. Resource limitations are frequently a central reason for implementation failure; thus, we consider the economic impacts of rapid adaptation. Finally, we provide examples and propose directions for future research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria B. Eisman
- Community Health, Division of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, College of Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Center for Health and Community Impact (CHCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Bo Kim
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ramzi G. Salloum
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Clayton J. Shuman
- Department of Systems, Populations, and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Russell E. Glasgow
- Dissemination and Implementation Science Program of ACCORDS (Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Penedo FJ, Medina HN, Moreno PI, Sookdeo V, Natori A, Boland C, Schlumbrecht MP, Calfa C, MacIntyre J, Crane TE, Garcia SF. Implementation and Feasibility of an Electronic Health Record-Integrated Patient-Reported Outcomes Symptom and Needs Monitoring Pilot in Ambulatory Oncology. JCO Oncol Pract 2022; 18:e1100-e1113. [PMID: 35290096 PMCID: PMC9287298 DOI: 10.1200/op.21.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Describe the feasibility and implementation of an electronic health record (EHR)-integrated symptom and needs screening and referral system in a diverse racial/ethnic patient population in ambulatory oncology. METHODS Data were collected from an ambulatory oncology clinic at the University of Miami Health System from October 2019 to January 2021. Guided by a Patient Advisory Board and the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment model, My Wellness Check was developed to assess physical and psychologic symptoms and needs of ambulatory oncology patients before appointments to triage them to supportive services when elevated symptoms (eg, depression), barriers to care (eg, transportation and childcare), and nutritional needs were identified. Patients were assigned assessments at each appointment no more than once in a 30-day period starting at the second visit. Assessments were available in English and Spanish to serve the needs of the predominantly Spanish-speaking Hispanic/Latino population. RESULTS From 1,232 assigned assessments, more than half (n = 739 assessments; 60.0%) were initiated by 506 unique patients. A total of 65.4% of English and 49.9% of Spanish assessments were initiated. Among all initiated assessments, the majority (85.1%) were completed at home via the patient portal. The most common endorsed items were nutritional needs (32.9%), followed by emotional symptoms (ie, depression and anxiety; 27.8%), practical needs (eg, financial concerns; 21.7%), and physical symptoms (17.6%). Across the physical symptom, social work, and nutrition-related alerts, 77.1%, 99.7%, and 78.8%, were addressed, respectively, by the corresponding oncology health professional, social work team member, or nutritionist. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate encouraging feasibility and initial acceptability of implementing an EHR-integrated symptom and needs screening and referral system among diverse oncology patients. To our knowledge, this is the first EHR-integrated symptom and needs screening system implemented in routine oncology care for Spanish-speaking Hispanics/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Penedo
- Departments of Psychology and Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Heidy N. Medina
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | | | - Vandana Sookdeo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Akina Natori
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Cody Boland
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Matthew P. Schlumbrecht
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Carmen Calfa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | | | - Tracy E. Crane
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Sofia F. Garcia
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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13
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Ricciardi R. Perspectives: Envisioning healthcare quality and safety in 2030. J Res Nurs 2022; 26:168-175. [PMID: 35251238 DOI: 10.1177/1744987121992911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Nilsen P, Thor J, Bender M, Leeman J, Andersson-Gäre B, Sevdalis N. Bridging the Silos: A Comparative Analysis of Implementation Science and Improvement Science. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2022; 1:817750. [PMID: 36926490 PMCID: PMC10012801 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2021.817750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Implementation science and improvement science have similar goals of improving health care services for better patient and population outcomes, yet historically there has been limited exchange between the two fields. Implementation science was born out of the recognition that research findings and effective practices should be more systematically disseminated and applied in various settings to achieve improved health and welfare of populations. Improvement science has grown out of the wider quality improvement movement, but a fundamental difference between quality improvement and improvement science is that the former generates knowledge for local improvement, whereas the latter is aimed at producing generalizable scientific knowledge. Objectives The first objective of this paper is to characterise and contrast implementation science and improvement science. The second objective, building on the first, is to highlight aspects of improvement science that potentially could inform implementation science and vice versa. Methods We used a critical literature review approach. Search methods included systematic literature searches in PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO until October 2021; reviewing references in identified articles and books; and the authors' own cross-disciplinary knowledge of key literature. Findings The comparative analysis of the fields of implementation science and improvement science centred on six categories: (1) influences; (2) ontology, epistemology and methodology; (3) identified problem; (4) potential solutions; (5) analytical tools; and (6) knowledge production and use. The two fields have different origins and draw mostly on different sources of knowledge, but they have a shared goal of using scientific methods to understand and explain how health care services can be improved for their users. Both describe problems in terms of a gap or chasm between current and optimal care delivery and consider similar strategies to address the problems. Both apply a range of analytical tools to analyse problems and facilitate appropriate solutions. Conclusions Implementation science and improvement science have similar endpoints but different starting points and academic perspectives. To bridge the silos between the fields, increased collaboration between implementation and improvement scholars will help to clarify the differences and connections between the science and practice of improvement, to expand scientific application of quality improvement tools, to further address contextual influences on implementation and improvement efforts, and to share and use theory to support strategy development, delivery and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Nilsen
- Division of Society and Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Thor
- Jönköping University, Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Miriam Bender
- Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Leeman
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Boel Andersson-Gäre
- Jönköping University, Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Nick Sevdalis
- Health Service & Population Research Department, Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Leeman J, Rohweder C, Lee M, Brenner A, Dwyer A, Ko LK, O'Leary MC, Ryan G, Vu T, Ramanadhan S. Aligning implementation science with improvement practice: a call to action. Implement Sci Commun 2021; 2:99. [PMID: 34496978 PMCID: PMC8424169 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-021-00201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In several recent articles, authors have called for aligning the fields of implementation and improvement science. In this paper, we call for implementation science to also align with improvement practice. Multiple implementation scholars have highlighted the importance of designing implementation strategies to fit the existing culture, infrastructure, and practice of a healthcare system. Worldwide, healthcare systems are adopting improvement models as their primary approach to improving healthcare delivery and outcomes. The prevalence of improvement models raises the question of how implementation scientists might best align their efforts with healthcare systems’ existing improvement infrastructure and practice. Main body We describe three challenges and five benefits to aligning implementation science and improvement practice. Challenges include (1) use of different models, terminology, and methods, (2) a focus on generalizable versus local knowledge, and (3) limited evidence in support of the effectiveness of improvement tools and methods. We contend that implementation science needs to move beyond these challenges and work toward greater alignment with improvement practice. Aligning with improvement practice would benefit implementation science by (1) strengthening research/practice partnerships, (2) fostering local ownership of implementation, (3) generating practice-based evidence, (4) developing context-specific implementation strategies, and (5) building practice-level capacity to implement interventions and improve care. Each of these potential benefits is illustrated in a case study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network. Conclusion To effectively integrate evidence-based interventions into routine practice, implementation scientists need to align their efforts with the improvement culture and practice that is driving change within healthcare systems worldwide. This paper provides concrete examples of how researchers have aligned implementation science with improvement practice across five implementation projects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43058-021-00201-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Leeman
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7460, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Catherine Rohweder
- Center for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7424, Carrboro, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Matthew Lee
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 180 Madison Ave, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alison Brenner
- Department of General Medicine & Clinical Epidemiology, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7293, Carrboro, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Andrea Dwyer
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, 13001 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Linda K Ko
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Hans Rosling Center for Public Health, 3980 15th Avenue NE, 4th Floor, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Meghan C O'Leary
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7400, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Grace Ryan
- The University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, N475 CPHB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Thuy Vu
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Shoba Ramanadhan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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16
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Ogrinc G, Dolansky M, Berman AJ, Chambers DA, Davies L. Different approaches to making and testing change in healthcare. BMJ 2021; 374:n1010. [PMID: 34404635 PMCID: PMC8369383 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Greg Ogrinc and colleagues call for greater exploitation of the synergies between quality improvement and implementation science in improving care
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Ogrinc
- Certification Standards and Programs, American Board of Medical Specialties, Chicago, USA
- University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mary Dolansky
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, OH, USA
- QSEN Institute Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Veterans Affairs Quality Scholars Program, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - David A Chambers
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Louise Davies
- VA Outcomes Group, Department of Veterans Affairs, White River Junction, VT, USA
- Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Hanover, NH, USA
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17
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Fasola G, Barducci MC, Beretta G. Impact of innovation in oncology: more questions than answers. TUMORI JOURNAL 2021; 107:478-482. [PMID: 34180297 DOI: 10.1177/03008916211027646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oncology is going through the fastest innovation period in the history of medicine and a growing number of patients improve or experience increased chances of survival. The declining death rate, starting from 1991, resulted in 2.9 million deaths avoided in the United States so far. A growing prevalence of patients is observed in all Western countries. New cancer drug approvals between 2000 and 2016, linked to other diagnostic, surgical, and health care improvements, were significantly associated with death reduction for the most common cancers. Alongside many positive aspects, other effects of innovations in oncology also deserve attention, especially challenges associated with the substantial increase of knowledge volume, the sharp growth of prevalence, and a concomitant or consequent increase in clinical, social, and organizational complexity. We analyse some of the consequences of oncology innovation on healthcare systems and professionals and present some suggestions on how these could be addressed by healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Fasola
- Oncology Department, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy.,Former CIPOMO President (Collegio Italiano dei Primari Oncologi Medici Ospedalieri)
| | - Maria Carla Barducci
- MIMS (Health Care Management Master), SDA Bocconi University, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Giordano Beretta
- Oncology Department Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo, Lombardia, Italy.,AIOM President (Associazione Italiana di Oncologia Medica)
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18
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Davis MM, Gunn R, Kenzie E, Dickinson C, Conway C, Chau A, Michaels L, Brantley S, Check DK, Elder N. Integration of Improvement and Implementation Science in Practice-Based Research Networks: a Longitudinal, Comparative Case Study. J Gen Intern Med 2021; 36:1503-1513. [PMID: 33852140 PMCID: PMC8175491 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implementation science (IS) and quality improvement (QI) inhabit distinct areas of scholarly literature, but are often blended in practice. Because practice-based research networks (PBRNs) draw from both traditions, their experience could inform opportunities for strategic IS-QI alignment. OBJECTIVE To systematically examine IS, QI, and IS/QI projects conducted within a PBRN over time to identify similarities, differences, and synergies. DESIGN Longitudinal, comparative case study of projects conducted in the Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network (ORPRN) from January 2007 to January 2019. APPROACH We reviewed documents and conducted staff interviews. We classified projects as IS, QI, IS/QI, or other using established criteria. We abstracted project details (e.g., objective, setting, theoretical framework) and used qualitative synthesis to compare projects by classification and to identify the contributions of IS and QI within the same project. KEY RESULTS Almost 30% (26/99) of ORPRN's projects included IS or QI elements; 54% (14/26) were classified as IS/QI. All 26 projects used an evidence-based intervention and shared many similarities in relation to objective and setting. Over half of the IS and IS/QI projects used randomized designs and theoretical frameworks, while no QI projects did. Projects displayed an upward trend in complexity over time. Project used a similar number of practice change strategies; however, projects classified as IS predominantly employed education/training while all IS/QI and most QI projects used practice facilitation. Projects including IS/QI elements demonstrated the following contributions: QI provides the mechanism by which the principles of IS are operationalized in order to support local practice change and IS in turn provides theories to inform implementation and evaluation to produce generalizable knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Our review of projects conducted over a 12-year period in one PBRN demonstrates key synergies for IS and QI. Strategic alignment of IS/QI within projects may help improve care quality and bridge the research-practice gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda M Davis
- Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Rose Gunn
- Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Erin Kenzie
- Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Caitlin Dickinson
- Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Cullen Conway
- Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Alex Chau
- Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - LeAnn Michaels
- Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Steven Brantley
- Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Devon K Check
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nancy Elder
- Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Mielke J, Brunkert T, Zullig LL, Bosworth HB, Deschodt M, Simon M, De Geest S. Relevant Journals for Identifying Implementation Science Articles: Results of an International Implementation Science Expert Survey. Front Public Health 2021; 9:639192. [PMID: 33996719 PMCID: PMC8119993 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.639192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In implementation science (IS), conducting well-targeted and reproducible literature searches is challenging due to non-specific and varying terminology that is fragmented over multiple disciplines. A list of journals that publish IS-relevant content for use in search strings can support this process. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 56 Australian, European, and North American IS experts to identify and prioritize relevant journals that publish IS articles. Journals' relevance was assessed by providing each with a list of 12 journals, to which they were encouraged to add additional journal names and comments as free text. We also assessed which journals had published special IS-focused issues—identified via PubMed and Google searches—over the last 20 years. Data were analyzed descriptively. Between February 28 and March 15, 2020, a purposive sample of 34/56 experts participated in the survey (response rate: 60.7%). Implementation Science and BMC Health Services Research were perceived as relevant by 97.1% of participants; other journals' relevance varied internationally. Experts proposed 50 additional journals from various clinical fields and health science disciplines. We identified 12 calls and 53 special issues on IS published within various journals and research fields. Experts' comments confirmed the described challenges in identifying IS literature. This report presents experts' ratings of IS journals, which can be included in strategies supporting searches of IS evidence. However, challenges in identifying IS evidence remain geographically and interdisciplinary. Further investment is needed to develop reproducible search strings to capture IS evidence as an important step in improving IS research quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Mielke
- Department Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thekla Brunkert
- Department Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Leah L Zullig
- Center for Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care and System, Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hayden B Bosworth
- Center for Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care and System, Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mieke Deschodt
- Department Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Gerontology, and Geriatrics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Healthcare and Ethics, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Michael Simon
- Department Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabina De Geest
- Department Public Health, Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Center for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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A Theory-Informed Approach to Locally Managed Learning School Systems: Integrating Treatment Integrity and Youth Mental Health Outcome Data to Promote Youth Mental Health. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-021-09413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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