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Zoppi M, Falasco E, Schoefs B, Bona F. Turning waste into resources: A comprehensive review on the valorisation of Elodea nuttallii biomass. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 369:122258. [PMID: 39213856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on the alternative uses of Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H.St.John biomass. Elodea nuttallii is as an aquatic invasive alien species classified in the EU as a Species of Union Concern. Its dense monospecific stands affect both aquatic ecosystems and human activities, thereby requiring specific monitoring and management measures. The handling of E. nuttallii has a high economic cost, and the biomass removed from natural environments is considered a mere waste product. The need to implement circular economy, reducing waste and preserving natural capital, has led to the research for the reuse and valorisation of waterweed biomasses, such as E. nuttallii. This review critically assesses the feasibility and potential applications of E. nuttallii biomass in various sectors, including bioenergy production, extraction of metabolites, and fertilization. Out of more than 200 articles from 1965 to 2023, only 16 were found to deal with the use of harvested biomass, all within the last 12 years. This review highlights that the valorisation of E. nuttallii biomass is an underrepresented topic in scientific literature, and therefore in industrial sectors. Studies on biogas production are the most represented and have shown that E. nuttallii chemical composition is suitable for energy production, but is better suited as an additional feedstock to other biomasses already used for this purpose. New more cost-effective applications, such as animal feed and biosorbent, should be further addressed. By investigating alternative uses for E. nuttallii biomass, this review contributes to the development of sustainable practices that would turn a costly waste into a valuable resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zoppi
- DBIOS, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; ALPSTREAM, Alpine Stream Research Center/Parco del Monviso, Ostana, Italy.
| | - Elisa Falasco
- DBIOS, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; ALPSTREAM, Alpine Stream Research Center/Parco del Monviso, Ostana, Italy
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- MetabolIsm, Molecular Engineering of Microalgal and Applications (MIMMA), Biologie des Organismes Stress Santé Environnement, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Francesca Bona
- DBIOS, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; ALPSTREAM, Alpine Stream Research Center/Parco del Monviso, Ostana, Italy
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De la Lama-Calvente D, Fernández-Rodríguez MJ, Borja R. Optimizing a biorefinery design for the valorization of Rugulopteryx okamurae by extracting bioactive compounds and enhancing methane production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122504. [PMID: 39293116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea has suffered recently from the unprecedent invasion of the alien macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae due to global warming and climate change putting at risk the natural local ecosystem. Since 2015 this alga has colonized a great area on the western coast of the Mediterranean Sea and it has been also spotted in other areas such as the Azores Islands or the south of France. The arrival of alga tides into the coasts also provokes collateral environmental problems that need to be addressed. Seaweed-based biorefineries are considered a promising alternative within a circular economy model. This study aims to assess the potential of R. okamurae as raw material for the extraction of reducing sugars (RS) and total polyphenolic compounds (TPC) with antioxidant capacities, the subsequent production of methane from the extracted residue, and the final use of the anaerobic digestate as fertilizer. However, the presence of bioactive compounds greatly varies due to seasonality, location or even natural degradation. In order to provide some insights about these issues, two different batches were assessed: i.e. natural and ashore R. okamurae. As brown algae are characterised by a cell wall composed of crystalline cellulose and lignin, the biomasses studied were mechanically pretreated (dried at 100 °C and milled during 60 s) before the single and sequential extraction processes. Results showed that the extraction of the targeted compounds increased by 30-80 % when the biomasses were extracted sequentially. Similarly, the biochemical methane potential of the extracted solid residues increased as the RS and TPC content was reduced (120-150 NLCH4 kg-1VS), with no significant impact regarding the biomass origin (natural or ashore) or the extraction process order. An increase in the kinetic constant k (first-order model) of 150% and 75% was observed when the fresh biomass was extracted with water and ethanol, respectively, compared to the value obtained for the unextracted biomass. Finally, the physicochemical characteristics of the different anaerobic digestates generated were assessed for their potential use as biofertilizer. In this study, most of the digestate' liquid fractions (7 out of 10) comply with European regulations for organic fertilizers and could be used directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De la Lama-Calvente
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Instituto de La Grasa (IG), Department of Food Biotechnology, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46. Ctra. de Utrera, Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Rafael Borja
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Instituto de La Grasa (IG), Department of Food Biotechnology, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46. Ctra. de Utrera, Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
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Mukherjee PK, Das B, Bhardwaj PK, Tampha S, Singh HK, Chanu LD, Sharma N, Devi SI. Socio-economic sustainability with circular economy - An alternative approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166630. [PMID: 37643712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
As the global population and living standards rise, it pushes the demand for basic amenities like food, health, and energy resources. Additionally, manufacturing automation has led to mass production and consumption, triggering waste production. The existing linear economy approach has led to increasing waste production and resource depletion, posing significant environmental and public health threats. To overcome these impediments, an alternative model called the circular economy concept has gained popularity in the global industry community. This closed-loop, restorative, waste-free concept has the potential to protect the environment and improve economics by reducing energy and resource consumption. Thus, major impetus should be given to strengthening the backbone of the economy where tools such as green technologies, decarbonization strategies, bio refinery processes, material flow analysis, life cycle assessment, ecological footprints (water, carbon, and material), substance flow analysis, circularity index, eco-designing, bioresource management, new business models, and policy play an essential role in the areas of socio-economic sustainability, ecological facts, and industrial aspects to enhance socio-economic growth in a sustainable manner. Sectoral awareness, collaborations, and partnerships among the Government, stakeholders, policymakers, and competent authorities are also essential to enabling circularity within the eco-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok Kumar Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (Under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Imphal 795001, Manipur, India.
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (Under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Pardeep K Bhardwaj
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (Under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Soibam Tampha
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (Under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Huidrom Khelemba Singh
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (Under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Leimapokpam Demi Chanu
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (Under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (Under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Sarangthem Indira Devi
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (Under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
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Evaluation of Laminaria Digitata Hydrolysate for the Production of Bioethanol and Butanol by Fermentation. FERMENTATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds (macroalgae) are gaining attention as potential sustainable feedstock for the production of fuels and chemicals. This comparative study focuses on the characterization of the microbial production of alcohols from fermentable carbohydrates in the hydrolysate of the macroalgae Laminaria digitata as raw material. The potential of a hydrolysate as a carbon source for the production of selected alcohols was tested, using three physiologically different fermentative microbes, in two main types of processes. For the production of ethanol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a benchmark microorganism and compared with the strictly anaerobic thermophile Thermoanaerobacterium strain AK17. For mixed production of acetone/isopropanol, butanol, and ethanol (A/IBE), three strictly anaerobic Clostridium strains were compared. All strains grew well on the hydrolysate, and toxicity constraints were not observed, but fermentation performance and product profiles were shown to be both condition- and strain-specific. S. cerevisiae utilized only glucose for ethanol formation, while strain AK17 utilized glucose, mannitol, and parts of the glucan oligosaccharides. The clostridia strains tested showed different nutrient requirements, and were able to utilize glucan, mannitol, and organic acids in the hydrolysate. The novelty of this study embodies the application of different inoculates for fermenting a common brown seaweed found in the northern Atlantic Ocean. It provides important information on the fermentation properties of different microorganisms and pinpoints the value of carbon source utilization when selecting microbes for efficient bioconversion into biofuel and chemical products of interest.
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Arias A, Feijoo G, Moreira MT. Macroalgae biorefineries as a sustainable resource in the extraction of value-added compounds. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Pardilhó S, Boaventura R, Almeida M, Maia Dias J. Anaerobic co-digestion of marine macroalgae waste and fruit waste: Effect of mixture ratio on biogas production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 322:116142. [PMID: 36081263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae waste (MMW) was used at different mixing ratios with fruit waste (FW) to evaluate the potential of co-digestion in enhancing methane yield. The process was conducted at mesophilic conditions (37 °C) with a fixed amount of biomass (10 g, 3.5% TS) and inoculum (150 mL; digested sewage sludge) and using MMW:FW ratios from 40:60 to 70:30. The results showed inhibition of the process for most of the studied substrate ratios, and in the mono-digestion of both substrates, possibly due to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. A maximum biogas yield of 295 mL/g VS with 72% of methane was however obtained for the 60MMW:40FW ratio, corresponding to an estimated maximum methane yield of 213 mL/g VS and around 46% of the theoretical maximum methane production (49% of organic matter removal). The results show that the co-digestion of MMW with FW enhances the methane yield of both independent substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pardilhó
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Boaventura
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Almeida
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Maia Dias
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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Filote C, Lanez E, Popa VI, Lanez T, Volf I. Characterization and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides Separated through a (Sequential) Biorefinery Process from Fucus spiralis Brown Macroalgae. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194106. [PMID: 36236054 PMCID: PMC9572633 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgae biomass is a valuable renewable resource that can be used for the development of bioeconomy through the valorisation of valuable compounds. The aim of the current study is separate macroalgal polysaccharides with bioactive properties from brown macroalgae Fucus spiralis based on a designed biocascading biorefinery approach. Thus, we applied an integrated processing method for the separation of fucoidan and alginate, in addition to characterization through IR spectroscopy and 1H NMR. The bioactivity potential (antioxidant activity using superoxide anion and DPPH radical scavenging analysis) of the two polysaccharides was evaluated, together with DNA binding studies performed though voltametric techniques and electronic spectroscopy titration. In terms of results, functional groups S=O (1226 cm−1), N=S=O (1136 cm−1) and C-O-SO3 (1024 cm−1), which are characteristic of fucoidan, were identified in the first polysaccharidic extract, whereas guluronic units (G) (1017 cm−1) and mannuronic units (M) (872 and 812 cm−1) confirmed the separation of alginate. The DNA binding studies of the isolated polysaccharides revealed an electrostatic and an intercalation interaction of DNA with fucoidan and alginate, respectively. Both antioxidant activity assays revealed improved antioxidant activity for both fucoidan and alginate compared to the standard α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Filote
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Bldv., 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elhafnaoui Lanez
- VTRS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of El Oued, B.P. 789, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Valentin I. Popa
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Bldv., 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Touhami Lanez
- VTRS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of El Oued, B.P. 789, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Irina Volf
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Bldv., 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Uma VS, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Diwan D, Sharma M, Guo M, Tuohy MG, Makatsoris C, Zhao X, Thakur VK, Gupta VK. Valorisation of algal biomass to value-added metabolites: emerging trends and opportunities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 22:1-26. [PMID: 35250414 PMCID: PMC8889523 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Algal biomass is a promising feedstock for sustainable production of a range of value-added compounds and products including food, feed, fuel. To further augment the commercial value of algal metabolites, efficient valorization methods and biorefining channels are essential. Algal extracts are ideal sources of biotechnologically viable compounds loaded with anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous and several therapeutic and restorative properties. Emerging technologies in biomass valorisation tend to reduce the significant cost burden in large scale operations precisely associated with the pre-treatment, downstream processing and waste management processes. In order to enhance the economic feasibility of algal products in the global market, comprehensive extraction of multi-algal product biorefinery is envisaged as an assuring strategy. Algal biorefinery has inspired the technologists with novel prospectives especially in waste recovery, carbon concentration/sequestration and complete utilisation of the value-added products in a sustainable closed-loop methodology. This review critically examines the latest trends in the algal biomass valorisation and the expansive feedstock potentials in a biorefinery perspective. The recent scope dynamics of algal biomass utilisation such as bio-surfactants, oleochemicals, bio-stimulants and carbon mitigation have also been discussed. The existing challenges in algal biomass valorisation, current knowledge gaps and bottlenecks towards commercialisation of algal technologies are discussed. This review is a comprehensive presentation of the road map of algal biomass valorisation techniques towards biorefinery technology. The global market view of the algal products, future research directions and emerging opportunities are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Uma
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Group, Department of Atomic Energy, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Govt of India, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, 793101 India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, 793101 India
| | - Deepti Diwan
- School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Botany, Sri Avadh Raj Singh Smarak Degree College, Gonda, UP India
| | - Miao Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King’s College, Strand Campus, The Strand London, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Maria G. Tuohy
- Molecular Glycobiotechnology Group, Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute and MaREI, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Charalampos Makatsoris
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King’s College, Strand Campus, The Strand London, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Xiaobin Zhao
- Future Business Cambridge, Cambond Limited, Centre Kings Hedges Road, Cambridge, CB4 2HY UK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), 248007 Dehradun, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG UK
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Pardilhó S, Boaventura R, Almeida M, Dias JM. Marine macroalgae waste: A potential feedstock for biogas production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114309. [PMID: 34933268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, marine macroalgae waste, mainly composed by Saccorhiza polyschides, was collected from a beach in northern Portugal and evaluated as feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Batch experiments (500 mL flasks, 300 mL working volume) were conducted at the following conditions: mesophilic temperature (37 °C); 80 rpm stirring speed; 150 mL inoculum (anaerobically digested sludge) and variable total solids content (0.9, 1.7, 2.5 and 3.5% TS). Methane concentration and volume of biogas obtained were monitored during up to 57 days by optical sensors and milligascounters, respectively. The results show that an increase in total solids content up to 2.5% TS led to the highest biogas volume and methane concentration. The maximum biogas yield was 227 ± 4 mL/g VS (2.5% TS, 53 operation days), with the maximum methane content in the biogas being 64.5 ± 0.6% (51 operation days). A maximum methane yield of 146 ± 2 mL/g VS was consequently estimated. At the end of the process (57 days), an average of 43% COD reduction and 46% VS reduction were observed. These results correspond to about 27% of the theoretical maximum methane production. Using 3.5% TS the inhibition of the process was observed, by the decrease in pH, most likely due to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. The results indicate that marine macroalgae waste may be a good candidate as substrate for anaerobic digestion processes, most probably by co-digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pardilhó
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Boaventura
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Almeida
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Maia Dias
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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Felix CB, Ubando AT, Chen WH, Goodarzi V, Ashokkumar V. COVID-19 and industrial waste mitigation via thermochemical technologies towards a circular economy: A state-of-the-art review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127215. [PMID: 34844348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The increasing awareness of waste circular economy has motivated valorization strategies for minimizing resource consumption and waste production in the private sector. With the rise of various industrial wastes and with the emergence of COVID-19 wastes, a sustainable approach is needed to mitigate the growing concern about wastes. Thermochemical treatment technologies in the form of direct combustion, torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification have been identified to have vital roles in the value-creation of various waste streams. Moreover, the alignment of thermochemical processes for waste mitigation concerning the circular economy framework needs to be established. Accordingly, a comprehensive review of the different thermochemical treatment options for industrial and the novel COVID-19 medical wastes streams is conducted in this study. This review focuses on highlighting the instrumental role of thermochemical conversion platforms in achieving a circular economy in the industrial sector. Various strategies in waste mitigation through various thermochemical processes such as management, recovery, reduction, and treatment are discussed. The results show that thermochemical technologies are beneficial in addressing the sustainability concerns on mitigating wastes from the industrial sector and wastes brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. This also includes the current issues faced as well as future perspectives of the thermochemical conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Felix
- Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Aristotle T Ubando
- Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Thermomechanical Analysis Laboratory, De La Salle University-Manila, Laguna Campus, LTI Spine Road, Laguna Blvd, Biñan, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan.
| | - Vahabodin Goodarzi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19945-546, Tehran, Iran
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Review of Studies on Joint Recovery of Macroalgae and Marine Debris by Hydrothermal Liquefaction. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
At the moment, macroalgae blooms in sea waters, the rotting of which causes greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to the formation of a negative ecological and economic situation in coastal zones, which has become a serious problem. Fuel production through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of macroalgae and marine debris is a promising solution to this ecological problem. The article provides an overview of studies on producing fuel from macroalgae and an assessment of the possibility of their joint recovery with marine debris. The optimal process conditions and their technological efficiency were evaluated. The article shows the feasibility of using heterogeneous catalysis and co-solvent to increase the yield of bio-oil and improve its quality. An assessment of the possibility of joint processing of waste macroalgae and marine debris showed the inexpediency of this direction. The high degree of drift macroalgae contamination also raises the question of the appropriateness of the preliminary extraction of other valuable components for nutrition use, such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and their derivatives.
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Hamed I, Jakobsen AN, Lerfall J. Sustainable edible packaging systems based on active compounds from food processing byproducts: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:198-226. [PMID: 34907649 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The global food processing industries represent a challenge and a risk to the environment due to the poor handling of residues, which are often discarded as waste without being used in further sidestreams. Although some part of this biomass is utilized, large quantities are, however, still under- or unutilized despite these byproducts being a rich resource of valuable compounds. These biowastes contain biopolymers and other compounds such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, pigments, micronutrients, and minerals with good nutritional values and active biological properties with applications in various fields including the development of sustainable food packaging. This review offers an update on the recent advancement of food byproducts recycling and upgrading toward the production of food packaging materials, which could be edible, (bio)degradable, and act as carriers of biobased active agents such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, flavoring additives, and health-promoting compounds. This should be a global initiative to promote the well-being of humans and achieve sustainability while respecting the ecological boundaries of our planet. Edible films and coatings formulations based on biopolymers and active compounds extracted from biowastes offer great opportunities to decrease the devastating overuse of plastic-based packaging. It has become evident that a transition from a fuel-based to a circular bio-based economy is potentially beneficial. Therefore, the exploitation of food discards within the context of a zero-waste biorefinery approach would improve waste management by minimizing its generation, reduce pollution, and provide value-added compounds. Most importantly, the development of edible packaging materials from food byproducts does not compete with food resources, and it also helps decrease our dependency on petroleum-based products. Practical Application Almost 99% of current plastics are petroleum-based, and their continuous use has been devastating to the planet as plastic-derived components have been detected in all trophic levels. Besides, the increasing amounts of food by-products are a socioeconomic and environmental challenge, and halving food loss and waste and turning it into valuable products has become necessary to achieve sustainability and economic circularity. The development of new packaging systems such as edible materials could be one of the solutions to limit the use of persistent plastics. Edible films and coatings by-products-based could also enhance food packaging performance due to their compounds' bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Hamed
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anita Nordeng Jakobsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jørgen Lerfall
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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13
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V GS, M DK, Pugazhendi A, Bajhaiya AK, Gugulothu P, J RB. Biofuel production from Macroalgae: present scenario and future scope. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9216-9238. [PMID: 34709971 PMCID: PMC8809944 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current fossil fuel reserves are not sufficient to meet the increasing demand and very soon will become exhausted. Pollution, global warming, and inflated oil prices have led the quest for renewable energy sources. Macroalgae (green, brown, and red marine seaweed) is gaining popularity as a viable and promising renewable source for biofuels production. Numerous researches have been conducted to access the potential of macroalgae for generating diverse bioproducts such as biofuels. The existence of components such as carbohydrates and lipids, and the lack or deficiency of lignin, create macroalgae an enviable feedstock for biofuels generation. This review briefly covers the potential macroalgal species promoting the production of biofuels and their cultivation methods. It also illustrates the biofuel generation pathway and its efficiency along with the recent techniques to accelerate the product yield. In addition, the current analysis focuses on a cost-effective sustainable generation of biofuel along with commercialization and scaleup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godvin Sharmila V
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Kanyakumari, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar M
- Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Arulazhagan Pugazhendi
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Kumar Bajhaiya
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | | | - Rajesh Banu J
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
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14
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Joniver CF, Photiades A, Moore PJ, Winters AL, Woolmer A, Adams JM. The global problem of nuisance macroalgal blooms and pathways to its use in the circular economy. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Zhang K, Zhang F, Wu YR. Emerging technologies for conversion of sustainable algal biomass into value-added products: A state-of-the-art review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147024. [PMID: 33895504 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concerns regarding high energy demand and gradual depletion of fossil fuels have attracted the desire of seeking renewable and sustainable alternatives. Similar to but better than the first- and second-generation biomass, algae derived third-generation biorefinery aims to generate value-added products by microbial cell factories and has a great potential due to its abundant, carbohydrate-rich and lignin-lacking properties. However, it is crucial to establish an efficient process with higher competitiveness over the current petroleum industry to effectively utilize algal resources. In this review, we summarize the recent technological advances in maximizing the bioavailability of different algal resources. Following an overview of approaches to enhancing the hydrolytic efficiency, we review prominent opportunities involved in microbial conversion into various value-added products including alcohols, organic acids, biogas and other potential industrial products, and also provide key challenges and trends for future insights into developing biorefineries of marine biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Rui Wu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
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16
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An Investigation of the Potential Adoption of Anaerobic Digestion for Energy Production in Irish Farms. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been recognised as an effective means of simultaneously producing energy while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Despite having a large agriculture sector, Ireland has experienced little uptake of the technology, ranking 20th within the EU-28. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the general opinions, willingness to adopt, and perceived obstacles of potential adopters of the technology. As likely primary users of this technology, a survey of Irish cattle farmers was conducted to assess the potential of on-farm AD for energy production in Ireland. The study seeks to understand farmers’ motivations, perceived barriers, and preferred business model. The study found that approximately 41% of the 91 respondents were interested in installing AD on their farming enterprise within the next five years. These Likely Adopters tended to have a higher level of education attainment, and together, currently hold 4379 cattle, potentially providing 37,122 t year−1 of wastes as feedstock, resulting in a potential CO2 reduction of 800.65 t CO2-eq. year−1. Moreover, the results indicated that the primary consideration preventing the implementation of AD is a lack of information regarding the technology and high investment costs. Of the Likely Adopters and Possible Adopters, a self-owned and operated plant was the preferred ownership structure, while 58% expressed an interest in joining a co-operative scheme. The findings generated provide valuable insights into the willingness of farmers to implement AD and guidance for its potential widespread adoption.
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Ubando AT, Felix CB, Chen WH. Biorefineries in circular bioeconomy: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122585. [PMID: 31901305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biorefinery is a sustainable means of generating multiple bioenergy products from various biomass feedstocks through the incorporation of relevant conversion technologies. With the increased attention of circular economy in the past half-decade with the emphasis of holistically addressing economic, environmental, and social aspects of the industrial-sector, biorefinery acts as a strategic mechanism for the realization of a circular bioeconomy. This study presents a comprehensive review of different biorefinery models used for various biomass feedstocks such as lignocelluloses, algae, and numerous waste-types. The review focuses on how biorefinery is instrumental in the transition of various biomass-based industries in a circular bioeconomy. The results reveal that the social-economic aspect of the industrial sector has a major influence on the full adoption of biorefineries in circular bioeconomy. Biomass wastes have played a major role in the implementation of biorefinery in circular bioeconomy. The current challenges are also presented along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle T Ubando
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Charles B Felix
- Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Successful Approaches for a Red Seaweed Biorefinery. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110620. [PMID: 31671676 PMCID: PMC6891440 DOI: 10.3390/md17110620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae have been commercially exploited as food and for the production of phycocolloids, but they also contain compounds with potential in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, chemical and energetic applications. The biorefinery concept applied to seaweed facilitates the extraction of different constituents ensuring full utilization of resources and generating few residues through a succession of steps. Seaweed biorefineries are less advanced than those based on terrestrial biomass and the design of efficient processes requires further study. This review presents practical successful examples to obtain two or more commercially valuable components from red seaweeds. The selected processes consist on cascading stages of both conventional and alternative techniques to illustrate different possible valorization strategies.
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19
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Changing Trends in Microalgal Energy Production- Review of Conventional and Emerging Approaches. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.2.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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