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Samarakoon KW, Kuruppu AI, Ko JY, Lee JH, Jeon YJ. Structural Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 24-Methylcholesta-5(6), 22-Diene-3β-ol from the Cultured Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum; Attenuate Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040231. [PMID: 37103370 PMCID: PMC10144052 DOI: 10.3390/md21040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, 24-methylcholesta-5(6), 22-diene-3β-ol (MCDO), a major phytosterol was isolated from the cultured marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, and in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects were determined. MCDO demonstrated very potent dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells with minimal cytotoxic effects. MCDO also demonstrated a strong and significant suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production, but no substantial inhibitory effects were observed on the production of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) at the tested concentrations against LPS treatment on RAW macrophages. Western blot assay confirmed the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expressions against LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, MCDO was assessed for in vivo anti-inflammatory effects using the zebrafish model. MCDO acted as a potent inhibitor for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO levels with a protective effect against the oxidative stress induced by LPS in inflammatory zebrafish embryos. Collectively, MCDO isolated from the cultured marine diatom P. tricornutum exhibited profound anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this major sterol might be a potential treatment for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpa W Samarakoon
- Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education (KDU-CARE), General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Anchala I Kuruppu
- Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education (KDU-CARE), General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka
| | - Ju-Young Ko
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
- Lee Gill Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Advances in Nanofabrication Technology for Nutraceuticals: New Insights and Future Trends. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090478. [PMID: 36135026 PMCID: PMC9495680 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive components such as polyphenolics, flavonoids, bioactive peptides, pigments, and essential fatty acids were known to ward off some deadliest diseases. Nutraceuticals are those beneficial compounds that may be food or part of food that has come up with medical or health benefits. Nanoencapsulation and nanofabricated delivery systems are an imminent approach in the field of food sciences. The sustainable fabrication of nutraceuticals and biocompatible active components indisputably enhances the food grade and promotes good health. Nanofabricated delivery systems include carbohydrates-based, lipids (solid and liquid), and proteins-based delivery systems. Solid nano-delivery systems include lipid nanoparticles. Liquid nano-delivery systems include nanoliposomes and nanoemulsions. Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles such as size, charge, hydrophobicity, and targeting molecules affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nano delivery systems. Advance research in toxicity studies is necessary to ensure the safety of the nanofabricated delivery systems, as the safety of nano delivery systems for use in food applications is unknown. Therefore, improved nanotechnology could play a pivotal role in developing functional foods, a contemporary concept assuring the consumers to provide programmed, high-priced, and high-quality research toward nanofabricated delivery systems.
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Mohamadian M, Ahmadi SS, Bahrami A, Ferns GA. Review on the Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin and its Derivatives on Glioma Biology. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2936-2953. [PMID: 35790698 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are common and aggressive brain tumors that carry a poor prognosis. The current multimodal therapeutic option for glioma includes surgery subsequently temozolomide chemotherapy and/or radiation; but gliomas are often associated with multidrug resistance, intensive adverse events, and tumor relapse. Thus, novel interventions that can enhance successful chemo-prevention and overcome therapeutic resistance are urgently needed. Phytochemicals have several biological properties with multi-target sites and relatively limited degrees of toxicity. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound with several anti-tumor effects which potentially inhibit tumor growth, development, proliferation, invasion, dissemination, and angiogenesis in different human malignancies. Experimental model studies have demonstrated that curcumin attenuates glioma cell viability by G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, induction of autophagy, gene expression alteration, and disruption of multi-molecular pathways. Moreover, curcumin has been reported to re-sensitize cancer to chemotherapeutics as well as augment the effect of radiotherapy on glioma cells. In this review, we have provided an update on the in vitro and in vivo effects of curcumin-based therapy on gliomas. We have also discussed the use of curcumin in combination therapies, its effectiveness on drug-resistant cells, and new formulations of curcumin in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mohamadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH, Sussex, UK
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Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy in Patients at Low-to-Moderate Cardiovascular Risk. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2022; 29:327-336. [PMID: 35759179 PMCID: PMC9262762 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-022-00529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is unanimously recognized as a major modifiable risk factor related to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Consistent evidence confirms that reducing LDL-C is associated with reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), with benefits proportionally related to initial individual CV risk and absolute reduction of LDL-C levels. The recent European guidelines on cardiovascular prevention have proposed a revised approach in cardiovascular risk evaluation, taking into account a renewed consideration of the interaction between risk factors and possible confounding factors (e.g., age). Although for patients considered to be at high and very high cardiovascular risk the need for stringent risk factors treatment is clearly stated, for those who are at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk the issue is more debated. For those latter subjects, current guidelines indicate that risk factor treatment is generally not necessary, unless the impact of CV risk modifiers, lifetime CV risk and treatment benefit may be substantial. In addition, despite the estimated low-to-moderate short-term CV risk, the early appearance of even mild LDL-C level elevations may contribute to impair long-term CV prognosis. Therefore, encouraging the achievement of desired LDL-C goals through tailored conservative lifestyle changes and, if necessary, pharmacologic strategies should not be excluded categorically in all low-to-moderate risk individuals. In this review, we summarize the most recent evidence that may influence the choice to treat or not to treat LDL-C elevations in subjects at low-to-moderate risk and the suggested therapeutic tools aimed at achieving the recommended LDL-C goals.
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Nanonutraceuticals — Challenges and Novel Nano-based Carriers for Effective Delivery and Enhanced Bioavailability. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hao M, Chu Y, Lei J, Yao Z, Wang P, Chen Z, Wang K, Sang X, Han X, Wang L, Cao G. Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Applications of Curcumin: Update. Aging Dis 2022; 14:716-749. [PMID: 37191432 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a well-known hydrophobic polyphenol extracted from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), has attracted great interest in the last ten years due to its multiple pharmacological activities. A growing body of evidence has manifested that curcumin has extensive pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxygenation, lipid regulation, antiviral, and anticancer with hypotoxicity and minor adverse reactions. However, the disadvantages of low bioavailability, short half-life in plasma, low drug concentration in blood, and poor oral absorption severely limited the clinical application of curcumin. Pharmaceutical researchers have carried out plenty of dosage form transformations to improve the druggability of curcumin and have achieved remarkable results. Therefore, the objective of this review summarizes the pharmacological research progress, problems in clinical application and the improvement methods of curcumin's druggability. By reviewing the latest research progress of curcumin, we believe that curcumin has a broad clinical application prospect for its wide range of pharmacological activities with few side effects. The deficiencies of lower bioavailability of curcumin could be improved by dosage form transformation. However, curcumin in the clinical application still requires further study regarding the underlying mechanism and clinical trial verification.
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Leena MM, Silvia MG, Vinitha K, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Synergistic potential of nutraceuticals: mechanisms and prospects for futuristic medicine. Food Funct 2021; 11:9317-9337. [PMID: 33211054 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are valued for their therapeutic effects and numerous health benefits. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated their superior performances when co-delivered; the concept of synergism has been established for various bioactives. Apart from improvements in the bioavailability of partnering compounds, this approach can protect the radical scavenging potential and biological effects of individual compounds. In this review, the intricate mechanisms that promote synergistic effects when bioactive compounds are co-delivered are detailed. Importantly, a range of potential medical applications that have been established through such synergistic effects is presented, emphasizing recent developments in this field. Also, a section has been devoted to highlighting perspectives on co-encapsulation at the nanoscale for improved synergistic benefits. While prospects for the treatment of chronic diseases are well-demonstrated, several challenges and safety concerns remain, and these have been discussed, providing recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maria Leena
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur - 613005, Tamil Nadu, India.
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A Combination of Lactoplantibacillus plantarum Strains CECT7527, CECT7528, and CECT7529 Plus Monacolin K Reduces Blood Cholesterol: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041206. [PMID: 33917503 PMCID: PMC8067491 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary supplements have been proposed to help manage blood cholesterol, including red yeast rice (RYR) extracts, plant sterols and stanols, beta-glucans, and some probiotics. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of RYR (containing 10 mg of monacolin K) combined with 109 CFU of three Lactoplantibacillus plantarum strains (CECT7527, CECT7528, and CECT7529). Methods: A 12-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. In total, 39 adult patients were enrolled, having total cholesterol (TC) ≥200 mg/dL, and being statin-naïve or having recently stopped statin treatment because of intolerance. Active product or placebo were taken once daily, and subjects were evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. Results: Study groups were comparable at baseline, except for history of recent hypercholesterolemia treatment (81% in active vs. 22% in placebo). Changes in LDL cholesterol and TC became significant compared to placebo (mean difference between groups and standard error of the mean = 23.6 ± 1.5 mg/dL, p = 0.023 and 31.4 ± 1.9 mg/dL, p = 0.011, respectively) upon adjusting for the baseline imbalance in hypercholesterolemia treatment. No adverse effects were noted during the study. Conclusion: This combination of 10 mg of monacolin K and L. plantarum strains was well tolerated and achieved a statistically significant greater reduction in LDL-C and TC in the intervention group compared to the placebo, once adjusting for recent history of hypercholesterolemia treatment.
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Mollazadeh H, Tavana E, Fanni G, Bo S, Banach M, Pirro M, von Haehling S, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effects of statins on mitochondrial pathways. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:237-251. [PMID: 33511728 PMCID: PMC8061391 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are a family of drugs that are used for treating hyperlipidaemia with a recognized capacity to prevent cardiovascular disease events. They inhibit β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, i.e. the rate-limiting enzyme in mevalonate pathway, reduce endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and increase low-density lipoprotein clearance by promoting low-density lipoprotein receptor expression mainly in the hepatocytes. Statins have pleiotropic effects including stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory properties, improvement of endothelial function, antioxidant, and anti-thrombotic action. Despite all beneficial effects, statins may elicit adverse reactions such as myopathy. Studies have shown that mitochondria play an important role in statin-induced myopathies. In this review, we aim to report the mechanisms of action of statins on mitochondrial function. Results have shown that statins have several effects on mitochondria including reduction of coenzyme Q10 level, inhibition of respiratory chain complexes, induction of mitochondrial apoptosis, dysregulation of Ca2+ metabolism, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 expression. The use of statins has been associated with the onset of additional pathological conditions like diabetes and dementia as a result of interference with mitochondrial pathways by various mechanisms, such as reduction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, increase in oxidative stress, decrease in uncoupling protein 3 concentration, and interference in amyloid-β metabolism. Overall, data reported in this review suggest that statins may have major effects on mitochondrial function, and some of their adverse effects might be mediated through mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Erfan Tavana
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di TorinoUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of HypertensionWAM University Hospital in LodzMedical University of Lodz, LodzPoland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), LodzPoland
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyIslamic Azad UniversityQuchanQuchanIran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Halal Research Center of IRIFDATehranIran
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10
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Paolino D, Mancuso A, Cristiano MC, Froiio F, Lammari N, Celia C, Fresta M. Nanonutraceuticals: The New Frontier of Supplementary Food. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:792. [PMID: 33808823 PMCID: PMC8003744 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, the combination between nanotechnology and nutraceutics has gained the attention of several research groups. Nutraceuticals are considered as active compounds, abundant in natural products, showing beneficial effects on human health. Unfortunately, the uses, and consequently the health benefits, of many nutraceutical products are limited by their unsuitable chemico-physical features. For example, many nutraceuticals are characterized by low water solubility, low stability and high susceptibility to light and oxygen, poor absorption and potential chemical modifications after their administration. Based on the potential efficacy of nutraceuticals and on their limiting features, nanotechnology could be considered a revolutionary innovation in empowering the beneficial properties of nutraceuticals on human health, thus enhancing their efficacy in several diseases. For this reason, nanotechnology could represent a new frontier in supplementary food. In this review, the most recent nanotechnological approaches are discussed, focusing on their ability to improve the bioavailability of the most common nutraceuticals, providing an overview regarding both the advantages and the possible limitations of the use of several nanodelivery systems. In fact, although the efficacy of smart nanocarriers in improving health benefits deriving from nutraceuticals has been widely demonstrated, the conflicting opinions on the mechanism of action of some nanosystems still reduce their applicability in the therapeutic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.P.); (M.C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.P.); (M.C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Froiio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.P.); (M.C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Narimane Lammari
- Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory, University Constantine 3, Salah Boubnider, 25000 Constantine, Algeria;
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Wang X, Liu F, Li J, Yang X, Chen J, Cao J, Wu X, Lu X, Huang J, Li Y, Zhao L, Shen C, Hu D, Yu L, Liu X, Wu X, Wu S, Gu D. Tea consumption and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: The China-PAR project. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 27:1956-1963. [PMID: 31914807 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319894685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims
The role of tea consumption in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains unclear in cohort studies. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the associations of tea consumption with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.
Methods
We included 100,902 general Chinese adults from the project of Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China (China-PAR) in 15 provinces across China since 1998. Information on tea consumption was collected through standardized questionnaires. Outcomes were identified by interviewing study participants or their proxies, and checking hospital records and/or death certificates. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals related to tea consumption.
Results
During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 3683 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events, 1477 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease deaths, and 5479 all-cause deaths were recorded. Compared with never or non-habitual tea drinkers, the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval among habitual tea drinkers was 0.80 (0.75–0.87), 0.78 (0.69–0.88), and 0.85 (0.79–0.90) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidence, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality, respectively. Habitual tea drinkers had 1.41 years longer of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease-free years and 1.26 years longer of life expectancy at the index age of 50 years. The observed inverse associations were strengthened among participants who kept the habit during the follow-up period.
Conclusion
Tea consumption was associated with reduced risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, especially among those consistent habitual tea drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jichun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xigui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Prevention Medicine, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
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Hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease: What to do before initiating pharmacological therapy. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2020; 42:e25-e29. [PMID: 33589220 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The availability of efficient lipid-lowering drugs has substantially reduced the incidence and mortality for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite that, CVD still represents a major cause of death and disability; efforts are thus required to prevent this disease, since reducing the established CV risk factors may slow or prevent the onset of cardiovascular events. Current guidelines recommend a healthier lifestyle for all CV risk categories, as it may have a beneficial impact on several risk factors; in individuals with a low-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia, which are not eligible for a pharmacological approach and are not far from the cholesterol target recommended for their risk category, functional foods or nutraceuticals may be considered as supplement to reduce their CV risk status. Of note, counseling and lifestyle intervention in people at moderate CV risk represents a major issue for both preventing a further risk increase and reducing the need for drugs. Studies on general populations have clearly indicated that lifestyle interventions translate into a clinical benefit, with reduction of the incidence of myocardial infarction and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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13
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Cambray S, Ibarz M, Bermudez-Lopez M, Marti-Antonio M, Bozic M, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Magnesium Levels Modify the Effect of Lipid Parameters on Carotid Intima Media Thickness. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092631. [PMID: 32872319 PMCID: PMC7551902 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical risk factors of atherosclerosis in the general population show paradoxical effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Thus, low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels have been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. Magnesium (Mg) is a divalent cation whose homeostasis is altered in CKD. Furthermore, Mg levels have been associated with cardiovascular health. The present study aims to understand the relationships of Mg and lipid parameters with atherosclerosis in CKD. In this analysis, 1754 participants from the Observatorio Nacional de Atherosclerosis en Nefrologia (NEFRONA) cohort were included. Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) was determined in six arterial territories, and associated factors were investigated by linear regression. cIMT correlated positively with being male, Caucasian, a smoker, diabetic, hypertensive, dyslipidemic and with increased age, BMI, and triglyceride levels, and negatively with levels of HDL cholesterol. First-order interactions in linear regression analysis showed that Mg was an effect modifier on the influence of lipidic parameters. Thus, cIMT predicted values were higher when triglycerides or LDL levels were high and Mg levels were low. On the contrary, when Mg levels were high, this effect disappeared. In conclusion, Mg acts as an effect modifier between lipidic parameters and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, Mg levels, together with lipidic parameters, should be taken into account when assessing atherosclerotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafi Cambray
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Merce Ibarz
- Indicators and Specifications of the Quality in the Clinical Laboratory Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Manuel Marti-Antonio
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Milica Bozic
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Elvira Fernandez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Jose M. Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Research Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.M.-A.); (M.B.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.M.V.)
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Brassicasterol with Dual Anti-Infective Properties against HSV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Cardiovascular Protective Effect: Nonclinical In Vitro and In Silico Assessments. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050132. [PMID: 32456343 PMCID: PMC7277493 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
While few studies have revealed the biological properties of brassicasterol, a phytosterol, against some biological and molecular targets, it is believed that there are still many activities yet to be studied. In this work, brassicasterol exerts a therapeutic utility in an in vitro setting against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as well as a considerable inhibitory property against human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that plays a dynamic role in regulating blood pressure. The antireplicative effect of brassicasterol against HSV-1 is remarkably detected (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50): 1.2 µM; selectivity index (SI): 41.7), while the potency of its effect is ameliorated through the combination with standard acyclovir with proper SI (IC50: 0.7 µM; SI: 71.4). Moreover, the capacity of this compound to induce an adequate level of antituberculosis activity against all Mtb strains examined (minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.9 to 2.4 µM) is revealed. The anti-ACE effect (12.3 µg/mL; 91.2% inhibition) is also ascertained. Molecular docking analyses propose that the mechanisms by which brassicasterol induces anti-HSV-1 and anti-Mtb might be related to inhibiting vital enzymes involved in HSV-1 replication and Mtb cell wall biosynthesis. In summary, the obtained results suggest that brassicasterol might be promising for future anti-HSV-1, antituberculosis, and anti-ACE drug design.
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Alidadi M, Jamialahmadi T, Cicero AF, Bianconi V, Pirro M, Banach M, Sahebkar A. The potential role of plant-derived natural products in improving arterial stiffness: A review of dietary intervention studies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Effect of dark chocolate on flow-mediated dilatation: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose–response analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 36:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Bianconi V, Mannarino MR, Pirro M. Editorial: 'Tea consumption and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: The China-PAR project'. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 27:1953-1955. [PMID: 31914801 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319899206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo R Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Ding F, Ma B, Nazary-Vannani A, Kord-Varkaneh H, Fatahi S, Papageorgiou M, Rahmani J, Poursoleiman F, Júnior Borges do Nascimento I, Li H, Han D, Wang D. The effects of green coffee bean extract supplementation on lipid profile in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1-10. [PMID: 31748178 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of green coffee bean extract (GCBE) supplementation on lipid profile in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS The PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of sciences, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials available in English and published before February 2019. The meta-analysis was conducted using fixed effects models, and between-study heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and I2. A total of 17 effect sizes were included in the meta-analysis. Combined effect sizes on serum total cholesterol concentrations revealed significant effects of GCBE supplementation on serum total cholesterol [weighted mean difference (WMD): -4.51 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI): -6.89, -2.12, p < 0.001], low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: -4.38 mg/dL, 95% CI: -6.44, -2.31, p < 0.001), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 2.63 mg/dL, 95% CI: 2.20, 3.07, p < 0.001) compared to controls. Nevertheless, no significant changes were observed in serum triglycerides levels (WMD: -4.34 mg/dL, 95% CI: -9.00, 0.32, p = 0.068). CONCLUSION The evidence from available studies suggests that the GCBE supplementation leads to significant reductions in total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels, and has modest, but, non-significant effects on triglycerides levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ding
- Emergency Department, Harbin fifth hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Baoping Ma
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Harbin Fifth Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Ali Nazary-Vannani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC) School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Papageorgiou
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Poursoleiman
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hui Li
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Harbin Fifth Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Dongyang Han
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Harbin Fifth Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Harbin Fifth Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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Chevli PA, Aladin AI, Kanaya AM, Kandula NR, Malaver D, Herrington DM. Alcohol consumption and subclinical atherosclerosis among South Asians: Findings from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:123-131. [PMID: 31753783 PMCID: PMC6934907 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asians are the second fastest growing ethnic group in the United States, and they have a high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with lower CVD risk in some race/ethnic groups, but the association of alcohol consumption and atherosclerosis in South Asians has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS We used data from 906 South Asian participants who participated in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort (2010-2012). Alcohol consumption was ascertained via questionnaire, coronary artery calcium (CAC) was measured with computed tomography, and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured using B-mode ultrasonography. We used multivariable regression models to examine cross-sectional associations of alcohol consumption with the presence and amount of CAC and cIMT. Compared with never drinkers, participants consuming 4-7 drinks/week had a 63% decreased odds of any CAC after adjusting for potential confounders and mediators. Participants consuming 4-7 drinks/week had significantly lower odds of CAC score between 1 and 300 [OR (95% CI): 0.34 (0.16-0.72)]. A similar inverse association was seen for the odds of CAC>300 [OR (95% CI): 0.28 (0.07-0.97)]. Alcohol consumption of >7 drinks/week was associated with a 0.096 mm increase in common-cIMT. CONCLUSION There was an inverse association between the amount of alcohol intake and CAC among South Asians while a positive association was found between alcohol consumption and common-cIMT. Long-term follow-up of the MASALA cohort will examine prospective associations of alcohol intake with the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, incident CVD events, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag A Chevli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hospital Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Amer I Aladin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Namratha R Kandula
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Diego Malaver
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | - David M Herrington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
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20
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Askarpour M, Hadi A, Symonds ME, Miraghajani M, Sheikhi A, Ghaedi E. Efficacy of l-carnitine supplementation for management of blood lipids: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:1151-1167. [PMID: 31561944 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM l-carnitine has an important role in fatty acid metabolism and could therefore act as an adjuvant agent in the improvement of dyslipidemia. The purpose of present systematic review and meta-analysis was to critically assess the efficacy of l-carnitine supplementation on lipid profiles. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a systematic search of all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, The Cochrane Library. Mean difference (MD) of any effect was calculated using a random-effects model. In total, there were 55 eligible RCTs included with 58 arms, and meta-analysis revealed that l-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) (56 arms-MD: -8.53 mg/dl, 95% CI: -13.46, -3.6, I2: 93%), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (47 arms-MD: -5.48 mg/dl, 95% CI: -8.49, -2.47, I2: 94.5) and triglyceride (TG) (56 arms-MD: -9.44 mg/dl, 95% CI: -16.02, -2.87, I2: 91.8). It also increased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (51 arms-MD:1.64 mg/dl, 95% CI:0.54, 2.75, I2: 92.2). l-carnitine supplementation reduced TC in non-linear fashion based on dosage (r = 21.11). Meta-regression analysis indicated a linear relationship between dose of l-carnitine and absolute change in TC (p = 0.029) and LDL-C (p = 0.013). Subgroup analyses showed that l-carnitine supplementation did not change TC, LDL-C and TG in patients under hemodialysis treatment. Intravenous l-carnitine and lower doses (>2 g/day) had no effect on TC, LDL-C and triglycerides. CONCLUSION l-carnitine supplementation at doses above 2 g/d has favorable effects on patients' lipid profiles, but is modulated on participant health and route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Askarpour
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Michael E Symonds
- The Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, The School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- The Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, The School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheikhi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Paseban M, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Mechanisms of statin‐induced new‐onset diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12551-12561. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
AbstractStatins, with their lipid‐lowering properties, are a first‐line therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence, however, suggests that statins can increase the risk of new‐onset diabetes (NOD). The molecular mechanisms of statin‐induced NOD are not precisely known, although some pathophysiologic mechanisms have been suggested. Specific to the beta cell, these mechanisms include alterations in insulin secretion, changes in ion channels, modulation of signaling pathways, and inflammation/oxidative stress. Outwith the beta cell, other suggested mechanisms involve adipocytes, including alterations in adipocyte differentiation and modulation of leptin and adiponectin, and genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, including alterations in microRNA. The evidence supporting these and other mechanisms will be discussed. Greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms linking the onset of diabetes to statin therapy is essential and clinically relevant, as it may enable novel preventative or therapeutic approaches to be instituted and guide the production of a new generation of statins lacking this side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Paseban
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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22
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Commentary to “The Possible Role of Nutraceuticals in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease”. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2019; 26:259-261. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-019-00317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Domenech M, Casas R, Ruiz-León AM, Sobrino J, Ros E, Estruch R. Effects of a Novel Nutraceutical Combination (Aquilea Colesterol ®) on the Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Randomized Control Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050949. [PMID: 31035469 PMCID: PMC6566177 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cholesterol-lowering nutraceuticals are useful in the management of moderate hypercholesterolemia. Methods: In a parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial we evaluated the effects on plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and inflammatory biomarkers of a nutraceutical combination (Aquilea Colesterol®) containing phytosterols (1.5 g), red yeast rice providing monacolin K (10 mg), hydroxytyrosol (5 mg), and plasma cholesterol values >5.17 mmol/L (>200 mg/dL) and LDL-c >2.97 mmol/L (>115 mg/dL). At baseline and at one and three months we recorded dietary habits; anthropometric parameters; blood pressure; lipid profile; fasting glucose; liver, renal, and muscle function tests, C-reactive protein (hs-CRP); and interleukin-6. Results: 13 men and 27 women (mean age 61.8 years) completed the trial; 20 participants received the nutraceutical and 20 received placebo. No adverse effects were noted. Compared to placebo, at one and three months the nutraceutical reduced total cholesterol by 11.4% and 14.1%, LDL-c by 19.8% and 19.7%, and apolipoprotein B by 12.4% and 13.5%, respectively (p < 0.001; all). hs-CRP decreased significantly (p = 0.021) in the nutraceutical group. Conclusion: The nutraceutical Aquilea Colesterol® is useful for reducing total cholesterol, LDL-c, and inflammation in individuals with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Domenech
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Maria Ruiz-León
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Mediterranean Diet Foundation, 08021 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Sobrino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fundació Hospital Esperit Sant, University of Barcelona, 08923 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Simental-Mendía LE, Simental-Mendía M, Sánchez-García A, Banach M, Serban MC, Cicero AFG, Sahebkar A. Impact of ursodeoxycholic acid on circulating lipid concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:88. [PMID: 30954082 PMCID: PMC6451779 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials was to examine whether ursodeoxycholic acid treatment is an effective lipid-lowering agent. Methods PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched in order to find randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on lipid profile. A random-effect model and the generic inverse variance weighting method were used for quantitative data synthesis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. A random-effects meta-regression model was performed to explore the association between potential confounders and the estimated effect size on plasma lipid concentrations. Results Meta-analysis of 20 treatment arms revealed a significant reduction of total cholesterol following ursodeoxycholic acid treatment (WMD: − 13.85 mg/dL, 95% CI: -21.45, − 6.25, p < 0.001). Nonetheless, LDL-C (WMD: -6.66 mg/dL, 95% CI: -13.99, 0.67, p = 0.075), triglycerides (WMD: − 1.42 mg/dL, 95% CI: -7.51, 4.67, p = 0.648) and HDL-C (WMD: -0.18 mg/dL, 95% CI: -5.23, 4.87, p = 0.944) were not found to be significantly altered by ursodeoxycholic acid administration. In the subgroup of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, ursodeoxycholic acid reduced total cholesterol (WMD: − 29.86 mg/dL, 95% CI: -47.39, − 12.33, p = 0.001) and LDL-C (WMD: -37.27 mg/dL, 95% CI: -54.16, − 20.38, p < 0.001) concentrations without affecting TG and HDL-C. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that ursodeoxycholic acid therapy might be associated with significant total cholesterol lowering particularly in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mario Simental-Mendía
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Adriana Sánchez-García
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria-Corina Serban
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ghasemi F, Bagheri H, Barreto GE, Read MI, Sahebkar A. Effects of Curcumin on Microglial Cells. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:12-26. [PMID: 30949950 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are innate immune system cells which reside in the central nervous system (CNS). Resting microglia regulate the homeostasis of the CNS via phagocytic activity to clear pathogens and cell debris. Sometimes, however, to protect neurons and fight invading pathogens, resting microglia transform to an activated-form, producing inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, iNOS/NO and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Excessive inflammation, however, leads to damaged neurons and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Curcumin is a phytochemical isolated from Curcuma longa. It is widely used in Asia and has many therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-mutagenic, anti-amyloidogenic and anti-inflammatory, especially with respect to neuroinflammation and neurological disorders (NDs). Curcumin is a pleiotropic molecule that inhibits microglia transformation, inflammatory mediators and subsequent NDs. In this mini-review, we discuss the effects of curcumin on microglia and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Morgayn I Read
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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Fogacci F, Banach M, Mikhailidis DP, Bruckert E, Toth PP, Watts GF, Reiner Ž, Mancini J, Rizzo M, Mitchenko O, Pella D, Fras Z, Sahebkar A, Vrablik M, Cicero AFG. Safety of red yeast rice supplementation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:1-16. [PMID: 30844537 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, concerns regarding the safety of red yeast rice (RYR) have been raised after the publication of some case reports claiming toxicity. Since the previous meta-analyses on the effects of RYR were mainly focused on its efficacy to improve lipid profile and other cardiovascular parameters, we carried out a meta-analysis on safety data derived from the available randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Primary outcomes were musculoskeletal disorders (MuD). Secondary outcomes were non-musculoskeletal adverse events (Non-MuD) and serious adverse events (SAE). Subgroups analyses were carried out considering the intervention (RYR alone or in association with other nutraceutical compounds), monacolin K administered daily dose (≤3, 3.1-5 or >5 mg/day), follow-up (>12 or ≤12 weeks), with statin therapy or statin-intolerance and type of control treatment (placebo or statin treatment). Data were pooled from 53 RCTs comprising 112 treatment arms, which included 8535 subjects, with 4437 in the RYR arm and 4303 in the control one. Monacolin K administration was not associated with increased risk of MuD (odds ratio (OR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53,1.65). Moreover, we showed reduced risk of Non-MuD (OR = 0.59, 95%CI 0.50, 0.69) and SAE (OR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.46, 0.64) vs. control. Subgroups analyses confirmed the high tolerability profile of RYR. Furthermore, increasing daily doses of monacolin K were negatively associated with increasing risk of Non-MuD (slope: -0.10; 95%CI: -0.17, -0.03; two-tailed p < 0.01). Based on our data, RYR use as lipid-lowering dietary supplement seems to be overall tolerable and safe in a large kind of moderately hypercolesterolaemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fogacci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Endocrinology Department, Hopital Pitié Salpetrière, Paris, France
| | - Peter P Toth
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA; Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Cardiometabolic Service, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Željko Reiner
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - John Mancini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Olena Mitchenko
- Dyslipidaemia Department, Institute of Cardiology AMS of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Daniel Pella
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zlatko Fras
- Preventive Cardiology Unit, Department of Vascular Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Michal Vrablik
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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The Possible Role of Nutraceuticals in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2019; 26:101-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-019-00309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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