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Guo Y, Zhou F, Fan J, Wu T, Jia S, Li J, Chen N. Swimming alleviates myocardial fibrosis of type II diabetic rats through activating miR-34a-mediated SIRT1/PGC-1α/FNDC5 signal pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310136. [PMID: 39250437 PMCID: PMC11383238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis can trigger heart failure in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), and irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, may have a beneficial effect on cardiac function. However, the specific molecular mechanism between exercise and irisin in the diabetic heart remains not fully explored. This study aimed to investigate how miR-34a mediates exercise-induced irisin to ameliorate myocardial fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with DCM was induced in adult male rats with high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. The DCM rats were subjected to swimming (60 min/d) and recombinant irisin (r-irisin, 500 μg/kg/d) interventions for 8 weeks, respectively. Cardiac function, cardiomyocyte structure, myocardial fibrosis and its correlated gene and protein expression were analyzed. Swimming intervention alleviated insulin resistance, myocardial fibrosis, and myocardial hypertrophy, and promoted blood glucose homeostasis in T2DM model rats. This improvement was associated with irisin upregulation and miR-34a downregulation in the myocardium, thus enhancing cardiac function. Similar efficacy was observed via intraperitoneal injection of exogenous recombinant irisin. Inhibition of miR-34a in vivo exhibited an anti-myocardial fibrotic effect by promoting irisin secretion through activating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)/fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) signal pathway and downregulating myocardial fibrosis markers (collagen I, collagen III, and transforming growth factor-β1). Therefore, swimming-induced irisin has the potential therapeutic effect on diabetic myocardial fibrosis through activating the miR-34a-mediated SIRT1/PGC-1α/FNDC5 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Guo
- Tianjiu Research and Development Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Fengmin Zhou
- Tianjiu Research and Development Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Fan
- Tianjiu Research and Development Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Tianjiu Research and Development Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaohui Jia
- Tianjiu Research and Development Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Tianjiu Research and Development Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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Jin Y, Wan K, Liu C, Cheng W, Wang R. Mechanisms of exercise intervention in type 2 diabetes: a bibliometric and visualization analysis based on CiteSpace. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1401342. [PMID: 39149117 PMCID: PMC11324446 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1401342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common chronic metabolic disease, and its prevalence is increasing globally. Exercise is crucial for T2D management, yet many aspects of its mechanisms remain unclear. This study employs CiteSpace to reveal research hotspots and frontier issues in exercise intervention for T2D. Method A literature review spanning from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022, was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), with keywords including "exercise," "type 2 diabetes," and "mechanisms." We analyzed network diagrams generated by CiteSpace, which depicted relationships among countries, authors, and keywords. Results This study includes 1,210 English papers from 555 journals, affiliated with 348 institutions across 80 countries/regions. Notably, the United States, China, and the United Kingdom account for nearly half of all publications. The University of Copenhagen leads in publication volume, followed by Harvard Medical School and the University of Colorado. Key authors include Kirwan, John P (Case Western Reserve University), Malin, Steven K (Rutgers University), and Pedersen, Bente Klarlund (University of Copenhagen). Based on co-occurrence analysis of keywords, it is evident that terms such as "disease," "glucagon-like peptide 1," and "cardiovascular risk factor" exhibit high intermediary centrality. Conclusion The analysis highlights ongoing investigations into molecular mechanisms, such as β-cell function enhancement, exerkines, and epigenetic mechanisms. Emerging areas include exercise response heterogeneity, circadian rhythm regulation, transcription factors, neurotrophic factors, and mitochondrial function. Future studies should prioritize understanding interactions between different exercise mechanisms and optimizing exercise prescriptions for T2D. Exercise prescriptions are crucial for effective interventions. Collaboration between countries and institutions is essential to understand the influences of different genetic backgrounds and environmental factors. Currently, a combination of aerobic and resistance training is considered the optimal form of exercise. However, considering time efficiency, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has gained widespread attention and research due to its ability to achieve similar exercise effects in a shorter duration. Additionally, circadian rhythm regulation may affect the exercise outcomes of diabetic individuals at different times of the day, particularly concerning the specific types, doses, and intensities used for precision intervention in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Wan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Physical Education College, Henan Sport University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Zhang N, Zhou H, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Yu F, Gui L, Zhang Q, Lu Y. Liraglutide promotes UCP1 expression and lipolysis of adipocytes by promoting the secretion of irisin from skeletal muscle cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 588:112225. [PMID: 38570133 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Although Liraglutide (Lira) increases serum irisin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it is unclear whether it induces expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) of adipocytes via promoting irisin secretion from skeletal muscle. Male T2DM rats were treated with 0.4 mg/kg/d Lira twice a day for 8 weeks, and the protein expression of phosphorylated AMP kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (p-ACC1) and UCP1 in white adipose tissues were detected. Differentiated C2C12 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) and Lira to detect the secretion of irisin. Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with irisin, supernatant from Lira-treated C2C12 cells, Compound C or siAMPKα1, the triglyceride (TG) content and the related gene expression were measured. The transcriptome in irisin-treated differentiated 3T3-L1 cells was analyzed. Lira elevated serum irisin levels, decreased the adipocyte size and increased the protein expression of UCP1, p-AMPK and p-ACC1 in WAT. Moreover, it promoted the expression of PGC1α and FNDC5, the secretion of irisin in PA-treated differentiated C2C12 cells. The irisin and supernatant decreased TG synthesis and promoted the expression of browning- and lipolysis-related genes in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. While Compound C and siAMPKα1 blocked AMPK activities and expression, irisin partly reversed the pathway. Finally, the transcriptome analysis indicated that differently expressed genes are mainly involved in browning and lipid metabolism. Overall, our findings showed that Lira modulated muscle-to-adipose signaling pathways in diabetes via irisin-mediated AMPKα/ACC1/UCP1/PPARα pathway. Our results suggest a new mechanism for the treatment of T2DM by Lira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yijing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangmei Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Gui
- The Comprehensive Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Yunxia Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Comprehensive Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Gunasekara N, Clauss D, Bloch W. Effects of Exercise-Induced Changes in Myokine Expression on the Tumor Microenvironment. Sports Med Int Open 2024; 8:a22831663. [PMID: 38933599 PMCID: PMC11204211 DOI: 10.1055/a-2283-1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, we summarize the direct and indirect effects that myokines have on the tumor microenvironment. We took studies of various cancer types and species into account. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that matched the search terms were also considered. We searched databases for six months. As a narrative approach was chosen, no data was analyzed or reanalyzed. The goal of this narrative review is to create an overview on the topic to identify research gaps and answer the questions as to whether myokine expression may be relevant in cancer research in regard to the tumor microenvironment. Six commonly known myokines were chosen. We found strong links between the influence exercise has on interleukin-6, oncostatin M, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, and irisin in the context of tumor progression and inhibition via interactions with the tumor microenvironment. It became clear that the effects of myokines on the tumor microenvironment can vary and contribute to disease progression or regression. Interactions among myokines and immune cells must also be considered and require further investigation. To date, no study has shown a clear connection, while multiple studies suggest further investigation of the topic, similar to the effects of exercise on myokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadira Gunasekara
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University
Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dorothea Clauss
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University
Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University
Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Dawid M, Pich K, Mlyczyńska E, Respekta-Długosz N, Wachowska D, Greggio A, Szkraba O, Kurowska P, Rak A. Adipokines in pregnancy. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:172-269. [PMID: 38797542 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive success consists of a sequential events chronology, starting with the ovum fertilization, implantation of the embryo, placentation, and cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, endocrinology, or metabolic changes, which taken together finally conduct the birth of healthy offspring. Currently, many factors are known that affect the regulation and proper maintenance of pregnancy in humans, domestic animals, or rodents. Among the determinants of reproductive success should be distinguished: the maternal microenvironment, genes, and proteins as well as numerous pregnancy hormones that regulate the most important processes and ensure organism homeostasis. It is well known that white adipose tissue, as the largest endocrine gland in our body, participates in the synthesis and secretion of numerous hormones belonging to the adipokine family, which also may regulate the course of pregnancy. Unfortunately, overweight and obesity lead to the expansion of adipose tissue in the body, and its excess in both women and animals contributes to changes in the synthesis and release of adipokines, which in turn translates into dramatic changes during pregnancy, including those taking place in the organ that is crucial for the proper progress of pregnancy, i.e. the placenta. In this chapter, we are summarizing the current knowledge about levels of adipokines and their role in the placenta, taking into account the physiological and pathological conditions of pregnancy, e.g. gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction in humans, domestic animals, and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dawid
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pich
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Respekta-Długosz
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominka Wachowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Greggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Oliwia Szkraba
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kurowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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Berezin AE, Berezina TA, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M, Berezin AA. Methods to predict heart failure in diabetes patients. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024; 19:241-256. [PMID: 38622891 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2024.2342812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease and powerful predictor for new-onset heart failure (HF). AREAS COVERED We focus on the relevant literature covering evidence of risk stratification based on imaging predictors and circulating biomarkers to optimize approaches to preventing HF in DM patients. EXPERT OPINION Multiple diagnostic algorithms based on echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodeling including global longitudinal strain/strain rate are likely to be promising approach to justify individuals at higher risk of incident HF. Signature of cardiometabolic status may justify HF risk among T2DM individuals with low levels of natriuretic peptides, which preserve their significance in HF with clinical presentation. However, diagnostic and predictive values of conventional guideline-directed biomarker HF strategy may be non-optimal in patients with obesity and T2DM. Alternative biomarkers affecting cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, myopathy, and adipose tissue dysfunction are plausible tools for improving accuracy natriuretic peptides among T2DM patients at higher HF risk. In summary, risk identification and management of the patients with T2DM with established HF require conventional biomarkers monitoring, while the role of alternative biomarker approach among patients with multiple CV and metabolic risk factors appears to be plausible tool for improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tetiana A Berezina
- VitaCenter, Department of Internal Medicine & Nephrology, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Uta C Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Falsetti I, Palmini G, Donati S, Aurilia C, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. Irisin and Its Role in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia. Biomedicines 2024; 12:928. [PMID: 38672282 PMCID: PMC11048342 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Menopause, an extremely delicate phase in a woman's life, is characterized by a drop in estrogen levels. This decrease has been associated with the onset of several diseases, including postmenopausal osteoporosis and sarcopenia, which often coexist in the same person, leading to an increased risk of fractures, morbidity, and mortality. To date, there are no approved pharmacological treatments for sarcopenia, while not all of those approved for postmenopausal osteoporosis are beneficial to muscles. In recent years, research has focused on the field of myokines, cytokines, or peptides secreted by skeletal muscle fibers following exercise. Among these, irisin has attracted great interest as it possesses myogenic properties but at the same time exerts anabolic effects on bone and could therefore represent the link between muscle and bone. Therefore, irisin could represent a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis and also serve as a new biomarker of sarcopenia, thus facilitating diagnosis and pharmacological intervention. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated summary of what we know about the role of irisin in postmenopausal osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Falsetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (I.F.); (S.D.); (C.A.); (T.I.)
| | - Gaia Palmini
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca Sulle Malattie dell’Osso (F.I.R.M.O Onlus), 50129 Florence, Italy;
| | - Simone Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (I.F.); (S.D.); (C.A.); (T.I.)
| | - Cinzia Aurilia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (I.F.); (S.D.); (C.A.); (T.I.)
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (I.F.); (S.D.); (C.A.); (T.I.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca Sulle Malattie dell’Osso (F.I.R.M.O Onlus), 50129 Florence, Italy;
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Mińko A, Turoń-Skrzypińska A, Rył A, Mańkowska K, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Rotter I. The Significance of Selected Myokines in Predicting the Length of Rehabilitation of Patients after COVID-19 Infection. Biomedicines 2024; 12:836. [PMID: 38672190 PMCID: PMC11047941 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the intricate mechanisms of the body's response to infection and inflammation has become a priority for the medical and research communities. It has been proven that during COVID-19 infection, molecules are secreted-namely organokines, which may directly or indirectly play a role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. The objective of this study was to scrutinize the potential correlation between the levels of selected myokines (myostatin, agrin, irisin, and myonectin) and the duration of rehabilitation in post-COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between the levels of these myokines and the length of hospitalization during COVID-19 treatment. The study was conducted at the Rehabilitation Hospital in Szczecin (Poland). Patients in the study participated in a comprehensive rehabilitation program following COVID-19 treatment. In order to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation, the following tests were performed: a 6 min walk test with an assessment of exercise tolerance (Borg scale), an assessment of dyspnea severity (mMRC scale), a spirometric assessment of respiratory function, a measurement of arm strength, and an assessment of fatigue using the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS). Myokine levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 13.1 software. Lower concentrations of irisin and myonectin and higher concentrations of myostatin correlated with longer rehabilitation time. Baseline levels of specific myokines in post-COVID-19 patients could play a crucial role in anticipating the duration of rehabilitation. The duration of hospitalization for the infection may influence myokine levels in patients recovering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Mińko
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.T.-S.); (A.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Turoń-Skrzypińska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.T.-S.); (A.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.T.-S.); (A.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Mańkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.T.-S.); (A.R.); (I.R.)
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Khaledi K, Hoseini R, Gharzi A. The impact of vitamin D on type 2 diabetes management: boosting PTP1B gene expression and physical activity benefits in rats. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:4. [PMID: 38431555 PMCID: PMC10908205 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-023-00736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance. Aerobic training (AT) and vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation have been shown to individually improve glucose tolerance and diabetes-related factors. However, the impact of their combined effect on PTP1B gene expression and serum irisin in the visceral adipose tissue remains unknown. This study aims to investigate whether 8 weeks of combined AT with Vit D supplementation can improve the expression of PTP1B in adipose tissue and serum irisin in obese rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: diabetic (n = 40) and non-diabetic (ND; n = 10). The diabetic rats were further divided into four groups: aerobic training with vitamin D supplementation (D + AT + Vit D; n = 10), aerobic training only (D + AT; n = 10), vitamin D supplementation only (D + Vit D; n = 10), and control (D + C; n = 10). The D + Vit D and D + AT + Vit D groups received 5000 IU of vitamin D via injection once a week, while the D + AT and D + C groups received sesame oil. Diabetes was induced in all groups except the nondiabetic group by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin. At the end of the intervention, blood and adipose tissue samples were collected, and RNA was extracted from adipose tissue for real-time PCR analysis of PPTP1B gene expression. RESULTS There was an increase in serum Vit D and irisin levels and a decrease in HOMA-IR and PTP1B gene expression in the diabetic rat model treated with D + AT and injected with 50,000 IU/kg/week of Vit D. Comparatively, when treated with D + AT + Vit D, the downregulation of PTP1B was significantly higher (p = 0.049; p = 0.004), and there was a significant increase in irisin (p = 0.010; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study shows that the combined AT and Vit D supplementation positively impacts the expression of PTP1B in adipose tissue and serum irisin in rats with T2D. These findings suggest that combining AT with Vit D supplementation can provide a new and effective strategy to improve glucose tolerance and diabetes-related factors in individuals with T2D by regulating the expression of PTP1B in adipose tissue and promoting the synthesis of beneficial irisin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimya Khaledi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Gharzi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Grzeszczuk M, Dzięgiel P, Nowińska K. The Role of FNDC5/Irisin in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2024; 13:277. [PMID: 38334669 PMCID: PMC10854770 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Disorders of cardiomyocyte metabolism play a crucial role in many cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In myocardial infarction, cardiomyocyte metabolism is regulated by mitochondrial changes and biogenesis, which allows energy homeostasis. There are many proteins in cells that regulate and control metabolic processes. One of them is irisin (Ir), which is released from the transmembrane protein FNDC5. Initial studies indicated that Ir is a myokine secreted mainly by skeletal muscles. Further studies showed that Ir was also present in various tissues. However, its highest levels were observed in cardiomyocytes. Ir is responsible for many processes, including the conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) to brown adipose tissue (BAT) by increasing the expression of thermogenin (UCP1). In addition, Ir affects mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, the levels of FNDC5/Ir in the blood and myocardium may be important in cardiovascular disease. This review discusses the current knowledge about the role of FNDC5/Ir in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Grzeszczuk
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (P.D.)
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (P.D.)
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nowińska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (P.D.)
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Yu Y, Ma M, Li C, Dang Q, Lei H, Wang G, Su J, Li Y. Irisin mitigates rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing mitochondrial fission via inhibiting YAP-Drp1 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111443. [PMID: 38154212 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin is a hormone-like factor secreted by muscle cells and produced by cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type III domain protein 5 (FNDC5), which exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. However, the effects and the underlying mechanisms of irisin in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are still unclear. METHOD Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was induced in DBA/1 mice and then treated with irisin. Arthritis index, paw thickness, weight, number of affected paws, serum inflammatory factors and related pathological tests were measured. RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) were pretreated with IL-1β and irisin, and the migration, proliferation, invasion, oxidative stress and mitochondrial related function of RA-FLSs were detected. RESULTS Irisin significantly improved arthritis symptoms in CIA mice, as indicated by reduced arthritis index, alleviated paw thickness, decreased the number of affected paws and inhibited release of inflammatory factors. Irisin alleviated joint destruction, FLSs proliferation and the expression of YES-associated protein (YAP) and mitochondrial dynamic related protein 1 (Drp1) in the FLSs of CIA mice. In vitro experiment, irisin inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of RA-FLSs and improved oxidative stress induced by IL-1β, thereby restraining the pathogenic transformation of RA-FLSs. Mechanically, irisin suppressed the nuclear translocation of YAP, in turn, could reduce the synthesis of Drp1 protein and inhibit the mitochondrial fission of RA-FLSs, which was reversed by YAP agonists. Therefore, irisin has a protective effect on RA. CONCLUSION Irisin inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion and inflammatory response of RA-FLSs by inhibiting the YAP-Drp1 signaling pathway, which implies a potential therapeutic effect on RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Meican Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Qiujie Dang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Hongwei Lei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, PR China; Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Jianling Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, PR China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China.
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Kaminska B, Kurowicka B, Kiezun M, Dobrzyn K, Kisielewska K, Gudelska M, Kopij G, Szymanska K, Zarzecka B, Koker O, Zaobidna E, Smolinska N, Kaminski T. The Role of Adipokines in the Control of Pituitary Functions. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:353. [PMID: 38275812 PMCID: PMC10812442 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The pituitary gland is a key endocrine gland in all classes of vertebrates, including mammals. The pituitary gland is an important component of hypothalamus-pituitary-target organ hormonal regulatory axes and forms a functional link between the nervous system and the endocrine system. In response to hypothalamic stimuli, the pituitary gland secretes a number of hormones involved in the regulation of metabolism, stress reactions and environmental adaptation, growth and development, as well as reproductive processes and lactation. In turn, hormones secreted by target organs at the lowest levels of the hormonal regulatory axes regulate the functions of the pituitary gland in the process of hormonal feedback. The pituitary also responds to other peripheral signals, including adipose-tissue-derived factors. These substances are a broad group of peptides known as adipocytokines or adipokines that act as endocrine hormones mainly involved in energy homeostasis. Adipokines, including adiponectin, resistin, apelin, chemerin, visfatin, and irisin, are also expressed in the pituitary gland, and they influence the secretory functions of this gland. This review is an overview of the existing knowledge of the relationship between chosen adipose-derived factors and endocrine functions of the pituitary gland, with an emphasis on the pituitary control of reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kaminska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Beata Kurowicka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Kisielewska
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Marlena Gudelska
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Kopij
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Karolina Szymanska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Barbara Zarzecka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Oguzhan Koker
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Ewa Zaobidna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
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Li R, Zheng F, Xu P, Lv L, Mu Y, Zhuang X, Chen S. Correlation of mild cognitive impairment with the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer and serum indicators in type 2 diabetic patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1299206. [PMID: 38260156 PMCID: PMC10801021 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1299206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive Impairment arising from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has garnered significant attention in recent times. However, there are few studies on the identification and diagnosis of markers of cognitive impairment. Notably, alterations in the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer's (RNFL) thickness can potentially serve as an indicative measure of central nervous system changes. Further investigations have indicated that the decline in cognitive function within T2DM patients is intricately linked to persistent systemic inflammation and the accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products. Comprehensive studies are warranted to unveil these complex associations. Objective This study aims to explore the potential of utilizing the RNFL thickness and serological concentrations of IL-18, irisin, CML, and RAGE as diagnostic indicators for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) among individuals with T2DM. Methods The thickness of RNFL were determined in all patients and controls using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The serum levels of IL-18, irisin, CML and RAGE were detected by ELISA kit. In addition, Cognitive assessment was performed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive assessment (MoCA). Results The average RNFL thickness in the right eye were decreased in T2DM and T2DM combined with MCI (T2DM-MCI) patients and were positively correlated with MoCA and MMSE scores. The serum levels of IL-18, CML and RAGE in T2DM and T2DM-MCI increased significantly (p<0.05) and were negative correlated with MoCA and MMSE scores. The level of irisin in T2DM and T2DM-MCI decreased significantly (p<0.05) and were positively correlated with MoCA and MMSE scores. The area under the ROC curve of T2DM-MCI predicted by the average RNFL thickness in the right eye, CML and RAGE were 0.853, 0.874 and 0.815. The diagnostic efficacy of the combination of average RNFL thickness in the right eye, CML, and RAGE for the diagnosis of T2DM-MCI was 0.969. Conclusion The average RNFL thickness in the right eye, CML and RAGE have possible diagnostic value in T2DM-MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xianghua Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Shihong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
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Radikova Z, Mosna L, Eckerstorfer C, Bajer B, Havranova A, Imrich R, Vlcek M, Penesova A. Plasma irisin and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in sedentary subjects: effect of 8-weeks lifestyle intervention. Endocr Regul 2024; 58:115-128. [PMID: 38861537 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2024-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Sedentary lifestyle increasingly observed in the population contributes to the incremental incidence of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders, type 2 diabetes, hyper-tension, dyslipidemia, and others. Physical inactivity together with an imbalance in caloric intake and expenditure leads to a loss of muscle mass, reduced insulin sensitivity, and accumulation of the visceral fat. Organokines (adipokines, myokines, hepatokines, etc.) serve in the organism for inter-organ communication. However, human studies focused on the exercise-related changes in plasma levels of certain myokines have produced contradictory results. In the present study, we verified a hypothesis that myokine irisin, which is expected to increase in response to physical activity, induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production and by this way mediates the beneficial effect of exercise on several brain functions. Subjects and Methods. Women (n=27) and men (n=10) aged 44.5±12.0 years, who were sedentary and overweight/obese (men ≥25%, women ≥28% body fat), participated in the study. The effect of an 8-week intensive lifestyle intervention (150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week, diet modification, and reduction of caloric intake) on the selected organokines (irisin, BDNF) in the context of an expected improvement in cardiometabolic status was examined. Results. The 8-week lifestyle intervention resulted in a significant (p<0.05) reduction in body mass index, body fat, blood pressure, insulin resistance, lipid and liver parameters, and irisin levels (p<0.001). However, BDNF increase in the whole group did not reach statistical significance. After the improvement of cardiometabolic parameters, a significant decrease in irisin and increase in BDNF levels were also observed in the subgroup with unsatisfactory (≤5%) body weight reduction. Neither relationship between irisin and BDNF levels, nor effect of age or sex on their levels was observed. Conclusions. We cannot confirm the hypothesis that exercise-induced irisin may increase the BDNF levels, whereas, the organokine levels in the periphery may not completely reflect the processes in the brain compartments. The observed decrease in irisin levels after 8-week intensive lifestyle intervention program, which was in contrary to its supposed mechanisms of action and dynamics, suggests the presence of several yet undiscovered impacts on the secretion of irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Radikova
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 2Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Mosna
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Carmen Eckerstorfer
- 2Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bajer
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Havranova
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Richard Imrich
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 3Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Vlcek
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 2Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adela Penesova
- 1Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 4Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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15
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Dong H, Lv X, Gao P, Hao Y. Potential role of irisin in lung diseases and advances in research. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1307651. [PMID: 38143500 PMCID: PMC10746167 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1307651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin, a myokine, is secreted by the movement of skeletal muscles. It plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis, insulin resistance, anti-inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone metabolism. Several studies have reported that irisin-related signaling pathways play a critical role in the treatment of various diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, the potential role of irisin in lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury, lung cancer, and their associated complications, has received increasing attention. This article aims to explore the role of irisin in lung diseases, primarily focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms, which may serve as a marker for the diagnosis as well as a potential target for the treatment of lung diseases, thus providing new strategies for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuqiu Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Wang L, Kulthinee S, Slate-Romano J, Zhao T, Shanmugam H, Dubielecka PM, Zhang LX, Qin G, Zhuang S, Chin YE, Zhao TC. Inhibition of integrin alpha v/beta 5 mitigates the protective effect induced by irisin in hemorrhage. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 134:104869. [PMID: 37690529 PMCID: PMC10939993 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irisin plays an important role in regulating tissue stress, cardiac function, and inflammation. Integrin αvβ5 was recently identified as a receptor for irisin to elicit its physiologic function. It remains unknown whether integrin αvβ5 is required for irisin's function in modulating the physiologic response to hemorrhage. The objective of this study is to examine if integrin αvβ5 contributes to the effects of irisin during the hemorrhagic response. METHODS Hemorrhage was induced in mice by achieving a mean arterial blood pressure of 35-45 mmHg for one hour, followed by two hours of resuscitation. Irisin (0.5 μg/kg) was administrated to assess its pharmacologic effects in hemorrhage. Cilengitide, a cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (cRGDyK) which is an inhibitor of integrin αvβ5, or control RGDS (1 mg/kg) was administered with irisin. In another cohort of mice, the irisin-induced protective effect was examined after knocking down integrin β5 with nanoparticle delivery of integrin β5 sgRNA using CRSIPR/Cas-9 gene editing. Cardiac function and hemodynamics were measured using echocardiography and femoral artery catheterization, respectively. Systemic cytokine releases were measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histological analyses were used to determine tissue damage in myocardium, skeletal muscles, and lung tissues. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was carried out to assess apoptosis in tissues. RESULTS Hemorrhage induced reduction of integrin αvβ5 in skeletal muscles and repressed recovery of cardiac performance and hemodynamics. Irisin treatment led to significantly improved cardiac function, which was abrogated by treatment with Cilengitide or knockdown of integrin β5. Furthermore, irisin resulted in a marked suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), muscle edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration in myocardium and skeletal muscles, which was attenuated by Cilengitide or knockdown of integrin β5. Irisin-induced reduction of apoptosis in the myocardium, skeletal muscles, and lung, which were attenuated by either the inhibition of integrin αvβ5, or knockdown of integrin β5. CONCLUSION Integrin αvβ5 plays an important role for irisin in modulating the protective effect during hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | - Supaporn Kulthinee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | - John Slate-Romano
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | | | - Hamsa Shanmugam
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA
| | - Patrycja M Dubielecka
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, USA; Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Li T, Yang J, Tan A, Chen H. Irisin suppresses pancreatic β cell pyroptosis in T2DM by inhibiting the NLRP3-GSDMD pathway and activating the Nrf2-TrX/TXNIP signaling axis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:239. [PMID: 37993958 PMCID: PMC10664367 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin plays a key role in metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanism underlying the link between irisin and the development of T2DM, particularly in pancreatic islet β-cells, remains unknown. METHODS In vitro, Min6 cells were treated with high glucose (HG) to generate T2DM cell models. GSDMD-N staining, Western blotting assays, and ELISA were performed to measure the expression levels of GSDMD, caspase 1, IL-1β, and IL-18. Next, the NLRP3 stimulator, ATP, was used to assess the effect of irisin on NLRP3 inflammasome. To evaluate the function of the Nrf2-TrX/TXNIP signaling axis, the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 was used. For in vivo assessment, we first established T2DM model mice. Then, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to observe the islet morphology, and the immunofluorescence technique was used to examine the mass of α and β cells. To confirm the role of the Nrf2-TrX/TXNIP signaling axis, ML385 was injected into the mice. Immunofluorescence of Nrf2, caspase 1, and GSDMD was detected in the islet cells of the model mice to verify the results. RESULTS We found that irisin treatment significantly decreased the expression of GSDMD-N (P31) and cleaved caspase-1 (p20), decreased caspase1 activity, and inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in HG-treated Min6 cells. We also found that irisin inhibited oxidative stress and NLRP3 expression by activating the Nrf2-TrX/TXNIP signaling axis. Additionally, in the T2DM model mice, irisin enhanced the function of islet cells, decreased insulin resistance, and preserved the morphology of pancreatic islets. CONCLUSION We showed in this study that irisin can be used for treating pyroptosis in HG-induced islet β-cells and T2DM model mice. We also found that irisin inhibits pyroptosis and oxidative stress by inhibiting the NLRP3-GSDMD pathway and activating the Nrf2-TrX/TXNIP signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrong Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Anjun Tan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China.
| | - Hewen Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
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Esin K, Batirel S, Ülfer G, Yigit P, Sanlier N. Association of Serum Irisin Levels with Body Composition, Metabolic Profile, Leptin, and Adiponectin Levels in Lean and Obese Children. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1954. [PMID: 38004003 PMCID: PMC10673282 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Irisin is an adipo-myokine with potential metabolic effects in the body, and its association with childhood obesity is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum irisin levels and anthropometric parameters, body composition, metabolic profiles, leptin, and adiponectin in obese and normal-weight children. Methods: The study sample consisted of a total of 80 children aged 6-10, including 44 obese children (BMI ≥ 97th percentile) and 36 normal-weight children. Anthropometric parameters were measured. Body composition was determined with the use of the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. Metabolic profiles, as well as irisin, leptin, and adiponectin levels, were analyzed. Results: Anthropometric parameters and body composition were found to be significantly different between the obese and normal-weight groups (p < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels were found to be significantly higher in the obese group, while the normal-weight group had significantly higher HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels (p < 0.05). Serum irisin levels did not differ between the obese and normal-weight groups, or based on sex, vitamin D levels, and insulin resistance status. There was also no statistically significant correlation between serum irisin levels and anthropometric parameters, metabolic profile, leptin, and adiponectin. Conclusions: The study concluded that the obese children who participated in this study had high leptin levels and low adiponectin levels, with no significant difference in the irisin levels between the groups. More comprehensive clinical studies are needed to investigate the relationship between irisin and adipokines in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Esin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat 60250, Türkiye
| | - Saime Batirel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Türkiye;
| | - Gözde Ülfer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34214, Türkiye;
| | - Pakize Yigit
- Department of Statistical Analysis and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye;
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara 06050, Türkiye;
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Mathia VL, Mendonça MIS, Simões DP, Perez MM, Alves BDCA, Encinas JFA, Raimundo JRS, Arcia CGC, Murad N, Fonseca FLA, da Veiga GL. Relationship of irisin expression with metabolic alterations and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary study. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20230812. [PMID: 37909533 PMCID: PMC10615221 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with metabolic alterations and obesity. METHODS A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on participants treated at Centro Universitário FMABC between August 2018 and July 2019, by comparing a control group (n=14) with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n=16). The control group consisted of participants aged above 21 years with no chronic diseases, diabetes, smoking, or illicit drug use. The type 2 diabetes mellitus group included patients aged above 21 years, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 5 years (glycated hemoglobin>7%). Exclusion criteria were not willing to continue, recent hospitalization, and failure to meet inclusion criteria. Biochemical parameters included blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, plasma irisin levels, and irisin gene expression in peripheral blood. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients exhibited significantly higher plasma glucose levels [143 (40) vs. 92 (13) mg/dL, *p<0.05] and glycated hemoglobin levels [7.1% (1.6) vs. 5.6% (0.5), *p<0.05] compared to the control group. Irisin gene expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was lower 0.02288 (0.08050) than the control group 8.506e-006 (1.412e-005) (p=0.06). Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between irisin expression and body mass index in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Rho=0.5221, 95%CI -0.058 to 0.838, p=0.06), while plasma irisin showed a negative correlation with body mass index (Rho=-0.656, 95%CI -0.836 to 0.215, p=0.03). No significant correlations were found between plasma glucose or glycated hemoglobin levels and irisin expression. CONCLUSION The data suggests that body mass index directly influences plasma irisin levels and the regulation of irisin gene expression, possibly linking irisin to adiposity changes observed in obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lopes Mathia
- Centro Universitário FMABC, Clinical Analysis Laboratory – Santo André (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Pimenta Simões
- Centro Universitário FMABC, Clinical Analysis Laboratory – Santo André (SP), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Neif Murad
- Centro Universitário FMABC, Clinical Analysis Laboratory – Santo André (SP), Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Centro Universitário FMABC, Clinical Analysis Laboratory – Santo André (SP), Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Diadema (SP), Brazil
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Polyzos SA, Vachliotis ID, Mantzoros CS. Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2023; 147:155676. [PMID: 37544590 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) are highly prevalent conditions that may coexist, especially in the aging population, without any approved pharmacologic treatment for all of them. There are multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms suggested to explain an association between NAFLD and sarcopenia or SO, including alterations in the adipokines, cytokines, hepatokines and myokines, which may interplay with other factors, such as aging, diet and physical inactivity. In clinical terms, most observational studies support an association between NAFLD and sarcopenia or SO; importantly, there are few cohort studies indicating higher mortality in patients with NAFLD and sarcopenia. Their association also bears some treatment considerations: for example, pioglitazone or vitamin E, suggested as off label treatment for selected patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, may be recommended in the coexistence of sarcopenia or SO, since limited evidence did not show adverse effects of them on sarcopenia and abdominal obesity. In this review, evidence linking sarcopenia and SO with NAFLD is summarized, with a special focus on clinical data. A synopsis of the major pathophysiological links between NAFLD and sarcopenia/SO is initially presented, followed by selected clinical studies and, finally, treatment considerations in patients with NAFLD and sarcopenia or SO are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ilias D Vachliotis
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Kim YC, Ki SW, Kim H, Kang S, Kim H, Go GW. Recent Advances in Nutraceuticals for the Treatment of Sarcopenic Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3854. [PMID: 37686886 PMCID: PMC10490319 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, low muscle mass, and high body fat are growing health concerns in the aging population. This review highlights the need for standardized criteria and explores nutraceuticals as potential therapeutic agents. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with insulin resistance, inflammation, hormonal changes, and reduced physical activity. These factors lead to impaired muscle activity, intramuscular fat accumulation, and reduced protein synthesis, resulting in muscle catabolism and increased fat mass. Myostatin and irisin are myokines that regulate muscle synthesis and energy expenditure, respectively. Nutritional supplementation with vitamin D and calcium is recommended for increasing muscle mass and reducing body fat content. Testosterone therapy decreases fat mass and improves muscle strength. Vitamin K, specifically menaquinone-4 (MK-4), improves mitochondrial function and reduces muscle damage. Irisin is a hormone secreted during exercise that enhances oxidative metabolism, prevents insulin resistance and obesity, and improves bone quality. Low-glycemic-index diets and green cardamom are potential methods for managing sarcopenic obesity. In conclusion, along with exercise and dietary support, nutraceuticals, such as vitamin D, calcium, vitamin K, and natural agonists of irisin or testosterone, can serve as promising future therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (S.-W.K.); (H.K.); (S.K.); (H.K.)
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Zhang K, Zhang J, Kan C, Tian H, Ma Y, Huang N, Han F, Hou N, Sun X. Role of dysfunctional peri-organ adipose tissue in metabolic disease. Biochimie 2023; 212:12-20. [PMID: 37019205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disease is a complex disorder defined by a group with interrelated factors. There is growing evidence that obesity can lead to a variety of metabolic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Excessive adipose tissue (AT) deposition and ectopic accumulation can lead to increased peri-organ AT thickness. Dysregulation of peri-organ (perivascular, perirenal, and epicardial) AT is strongly associated with metabolic disease and its complications. The mechanisms include secretion of cytokines, activation of immunocytes, infiltration of inflammatory cells, involvement of stromal cells, and abnormal miRNA expression. This review discusses the associations and mechanisms by which various types of peri-organ AT affect metabolic diseases while addressing it as a potential future treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongzhan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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Montgomery MK, De Nardo W, Watt MJ. Exercise training induces depot-specific remodeling of protein secretion in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of obese male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E227-E238. [PMID: 37493472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00178.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Acute exercise induces changes in circulating proteins, which are known to alter metabolism and systemic energy balance. Skeletal muscle is a primary contributor to changes in the plasma proteome with acute exercise. An important consideration when assessing the endocrine function of muscle is the presence of different fiber types, which show distinct functional and metabolic properties and likely secrete different proteins. Similarly, adipokines are important regulators of systemic metabolism and have been shown to differ between depots. Given the health-promoting effects of exercise, we proposed that understanding depot-specific remodeling of protein secretion in muscle and adipose tissue would provide new insights into intertissue communication and uncover novel regulators of energy homeostasis. Here, we examined the effect of endurance exercise training on protein secretion from fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow-twitch soleus muscle and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. High-fat diet-fed mice were exercise trained for 6 wk, whereas a Control group remained sedentary. Secreted proteins from excised EDL and soleus muscle, inguinal, and epididymal adipose tissues were detected using mass spectrometry. We detected 575 and 784 secreted proteins from EDL and soleus muscle and 738 and 920 proteins from inguinal and epididymal adipose tissue, respectively. Of these, 331 proteins were secreted from all tissues, whereas secretion of many other proteins was tissue and depot specific. Exercise training led to substantial remodeling of protein secretion from EDL, whereas soleus showed only minor changes. Myokines released exclusively from EDL or soleus were associated with glycogen metabolism and cellular stress response, respectively. Adipokine secretion was completely refractory to exercise regulation in both adipose depots. This study provides an in-depth resource of protein secretion from muscle and adipose tissue, and its regulation following exercise training, and identifies distinct depot-specific secretion patterns that are related to the metabolic properties of the tissue of origin.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study examines the effects of exercise training on protein secretion from fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle as well as visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese mice. Although exercise training leads to substantial remodeling of protein secretion from fast-twitch muscle, adipose tissue is completely refractory to exercise regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene K Montgomery
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William De Nardo
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Almeida González D, Rodríguez-Pérez MDC, Fuentes Ferrer M, Cuevas Fernández FJ, Marcelino Rodríguez I, Cabrera de León A. Irisin, in women and men: blood pressure, heart rate, obesity and insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1193110. [PMID: 37448465 PMCID: PMC10338052 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1193110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irisin is a myokine that increases with leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and for which a cardiovascular protective role has been postulated. Our aim was to assess this role in the general population. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a large randomly selected population sample (n=2298 women and 1529 men). Apart from age and sex, we record anthropometrics (blood pressure, heart rate, obesity), lifestyle (LTPA, smoking, alcohol), and biochemical measurements (irisin, lipid profile, insulin resistance). Correlations and regression multivariate models were used to analyze the association of irisin levels with the studied factors. Results The variables more strongly and directly associated with irisin, adjusting the studied factors separately in women and men, were HOMA-2 (p=0.043 and p=0.001, respectively) and LTPA (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Also heart rate inversely (p=0.005 and p=0.002, respectively) and DBP directly (p<0.005 and p=0.045, respectively) were associated to irisin in both sexes. The waist/height ratio (p<0.001) was inversely associated to irisin only in women, and the alcohol drinking was directly associated (p=0.029) only in men. Conclusion We provide new findings for irisin, such as its association with DBP and with heart rate; furthermore, in women irisin is associated to abdominal obesity, and in men is associated to the alcohol intake. We also corroborate the association of irisin with LTPA and insulin resistance. The associations detected point towards a protective role of irisin in the maintenance of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Almeida González
- Immunology Section, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Island, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Fuentes Ferrer
- Research Unit, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital and Primary Care, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cuevas Fernández
- Barranco Grande Health Center, Primary Care, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Island, Spain
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department, La Laguna University, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Itahisa Marcelino Rodríguez
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department, La Laguna University, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Antonio Cabrera de León
- Research Unit, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital and Primary Care, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department, La Laguna University, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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25
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Gorska-Ciebiada M, Ciebiada M. Association between Serum Irisin and Leptin Levels and Risk of Depressive Symptoms in the Diabetic Elderly Population. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4283. [PMID: 37445318 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and depression. The associations of serum levels of leptin and irisin with depressive symptoms were investigated in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS 189 elderly diabetics were assessed with the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), and 57 patients with depressive symptoms and 132 controls were selected. Blood biochemical parameters, including serum irisin and leptin, were measured. RESULTS Serum irisin levels were decreased and leptin concentrations were significantly higher in T2DM patients with depressive symptoms compared to controls. In all subjects, the irisin level was inversely correlated with the leptin level and the GDS-30 score, whereas the leptin level was highly correlated with BMI and the GDS-30 score. Higher levels of leptin and lower concentrations of irisin are, among other factors, variables indicative of predictive capacity for depressive symptoms in elderly patients with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that irisin and leptin levels may be used as diagnostic markers of depressive symptoms in diabetic, elderly patients and as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment. Further prospective and more extensive studies are needed to clarify the role of these adipokines in the common pathogenesis of depression and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Ciebiada
- Department of General and Oncological Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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26
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Matsumura D, Kawao N, Okumoto K, Ohira T, Mizukami Y, Akagi M, Kaji H. Effects of elastase-induced emphysema on muscle and bone in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287541. [PMID: 37352205 PMCID: PMC10289373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes sarcopenia and osteoporosis. However, the mechanisms underlying muscle and bone loss as well as the interactions between muscle and bone in the COPD state remain unclear. Therefore, we herein investigated the effects of the COPD state on muscle and bone in mice intratracheally administered porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). The intratracheal administration of PPE to mice significantly reduced trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone volume, trabecular number, cortical BMD and cortical area. It also significantly decreased grip strength, but did not affect muscle mass or the expression of myogenic differentiation-, protein degradation- or autophagy-related genes in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. Among the myokines examined, myostatin mRNA levels in the soleus muscles were significantly elevated in mice treated with PPE, and negatively related to grip strength, but not bone parameters, in mice treated with or without 2 U PPE in simple regression analyses. Grip strength positively related to bone parameters in mice treated with or without PPE. In conclusion, we showed that a PPE model of COPD in mice exerts dominant effects on bone rather than skeletal muscles. Increased myostatin expression in the soleus muscles of mice in the COPD state may negatively relate to a reduction in grip strength, but not bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Matsumura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Okumoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Akagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
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Wang S, Liu Y, Chen J, He Y, Ma W, Liu X, Sun X. Effects of multi-organ crosstalk on the physiology and pathology of adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1198984. [PMID: 37383400 PMCID: PMC10293893 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1198984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, adipocytes were found to play an important role in regulating whole-body nutrition and energy balance, and are also important in energy metabolism, hormone secretion, and immune regulation. Different adipocytes have different contributions to the body, with white adipocytes primarily storing energy and brown adipocytes producing heat. Recently discovered beige adipocytes, which have characteristics in between white and brown adipocytes, also have the potential to produce heat. Adipocytes interact with other cells in the microenvironment to promote blood vessel growth and immune and neural network interactions. Adipose tissue plays an important role in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Dysfunction in adipose tissue endocrine and immune regulation can cause and promote the occurrence and development of related diseases. Adipose tissue can also secrete multiple cytokines, which can interact with organs; however, previous studies have not comprehensively summarized the interaction between adipose tissue and other organs. This article reviews the effect of multi-organ crosstalk on the physiology and pathology of adipose tissue, including interactions between the central nervous system, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and intestines, as well as the mechanisms of adipose tissue in the development of various diseases and its role in disease treatment. It emphasizes the importance of a deeper understanding of these mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of related diseases. Determining these mechanisms has enormous potential for identifying new targets for treating diabetes, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuejing He
- Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Wanrui Ma
- Department of General Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuerong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Storlino G, Dicarlo M, Zerlotin R, Pignataro P, Sanesi L, Suriano C, Oranger A, Mori G, Passeri G, Colucci S, Grano M, Colaianni G. Irisin Protects against Loss of Trabecular Bone Mass and Strength in Adult Ovariectomized Mice by Stimulating Osteoblast Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9896. [PMID: 37373043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a peptide secreted by skeletal muscle that plays a major role in bone metabolism. Experiments in mouse models have shown that administration of recombinant irisin prevents disuse-induced bone loss. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of irisin treatment for the prevention of bone loss in the ovariectomized (Ovx) mouse, the animal model commonly used to investigate osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency. Micro-Ct analysis conducted on Sham mice (Sham-veh) and Ovx mice treated with vehicle (Ovx-veh) or recombinant irisin (Ovx-irisn) showed bone volume fraction (BV/TV) decreases in femurs (Ovx-veh 1.39± 0.71 vs. Sham-veh 2.84 ± 1.23; p = 0.02) and tibia at both proximal condyles (Ovx-veh 1.97 ± 0.68 vs. Sham-veh 3.48 ± 1.26; p = 0.03) and the subchondral plate (Ovx-veh 6.33 ± 0.36 vs. Sham-veh 8.18 ± 0.41; p = 0.01), which were prevented by treatment with a weekly dose of irisin for 4 weeks. Moreover, histological analysis of trabecular bone showed that irisin increased the number of active osteoblasts per bone perimeter (Ovx-irisin 32.3 ± 3.9 vs. Ovx-veh 23.5 ± 3.6; p = 0.01), while decreasing osteoclasts (Ovx-irisin 7.6 ± 2.4 vs. Ovx-veh 12.9 ± 3.04; p = 0.05). The possible mechanism by which irisin enhances osteoblast activity in Ovx mice is upregulation of the transcription factor Atf4, one of the key markers of osteoblast differentiation, and osteoprotegerin, thereby inhibiting osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Storlino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Manuela Dicarlo
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zerlotin
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pignataro
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sanesi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Clelia Suriano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Oranger
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Passeri
- Unit of Clinica e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Martínez-Fernández L, Burgos M, Sáinz N, Laiglesia LM, Arbones-Mainar JM, González-Muniesa P, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Maresin 1 Exerts a Tissue-Specific Regulation of Adipo-Hepato-Myokines in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Modulates Adipokine Expression in Cultured Human Adipocytes in Basal and Inflammatory Conditions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:919. [PMID: 37371501 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyses the effects of Maresin 1 (MaR1), a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived specialized proresolving lipid mediator with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing actions, on the expression of adipokines, including adiponectin, leptin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), and irisin (FNDC5), both in vitro and in in vivo models of obesity. The in vivo effects of MaR1 (50 μg/kg, 10 days, oral gavage) were evaluated in epididymal adipose tissue (eWAT), liver and muscle of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Moreover, two models of human differentiated primary adipocytes were incubated with MaR1 (1 and 10 nM, 24 h) or with a combination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 100 ng/mL) and MaR1 (1-200 nM, 24 h) and the expression and secretion of adipokines were measured in both models. MaR1-treated DIO mice exhibited an increased expression of adiponectin and Ct-1 in eWAT, increased expression of Fndc5 and Ct-1 in muscle and a decreased expression of hepatic Dpp-4. In human differentiated adipocytes, MaR1 increased the expression of ADIPONECTIN, LEPTIN, DPP4, CT-1 and FNDC5. Moreover, MaR1 counteracted the downregulation of ADIPONECTIN and the upregulation of DPP-4 and LEPTIN observed in adipocytes treated with TNF-α. Differential effects for TNF-α and MaR1 on the expression of CT-1 and FNDC5 were observed between both models of human adipocytes. In conclusion, MaR1 reverses the expression of specific adipomyokines and hepatokines altered in obese mice in a tissue-dependent manner. Moreover, MaR1 regulates the basal expression of adipokines in human adipocytes and counteracts the alterations of adipokines expression induced by TNF-α in vitro. These actions could contribute to the metabolic benefits of this lipid mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Martínez-Fernández
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Burgos
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IDISNA-Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura M Laiglesia
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Miguel Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IDISNA-Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IDISNA-Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Demirel O, Berezin AE, Mirna M, Boxhammer E, Gharibeh SX, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M. Biomarkers of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence in Patients with Paroxysmal or Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Following External Direct Current Electrical Cardioversion. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1452. [PMID: 37239123 PMCID: PMC10216298 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with atrial remodeling, cardiac dysfunction, and poor clinical outcomes. External direct current electrical cardioversion is a well-developed urgent treatment strategy for patients presenting with recent-onset AF. However, there is a lack of accurate predictive serum biomarkers to identify the risks of AF relapse after electrical cardioversion. We reviewed the currently available data and interpreted the findings of several studies revealing biomarkers for crucial elements in the pathogenesis of AF and affecting cardiac remodeling, fibrosis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, adipose tissue dysfunction, myopathy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although there is ample strong evidence that elevated levels of numerous biomarkers (such as natriuretic peptides, C-reactive protein, galectin-3, soluble suppressor tumorigenicity-2, fibroblast growth factor-23, turn-over collagen biomarkers, growth differential factor-15) are associated with AF occurrence, the data obtained in clinical studies seem to be controversial in terms of their predictive ability for post-cardioversion outcomes. Novel circulating biomarkers are needed to elucidate the modality of this approach compared with conventional predictive tools. Conclusions: Biomarker-based strategies for predicting events after AF treatment require extensive investigation in the future, especially in the presence of different gender and variable comorbidity profiles. Perhaps, a multiple biomarker approach exerts more utilization for patients with different forms of AF than single biomarker use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Demirel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Alexander E. Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Zaporozhye State Medical University, 69035 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Moritz Mirna
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Elke Boxhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Sarah X. Gharibeh
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Uta C. Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (O.D.); (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
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Carmona-Maurici J, Rosa A, Azcona-Granada N, Peña E, Ricart-Jané D, Viñas A, López-Tejero MD, Domingo JC, Miñarro A, Baena-Fustegueras JA, Peinado-Onsurbe J, Pardina E. Irisin as a Novel Biomarker of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Severe Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098171. [PMID: 37175880 PMCID: PMC10179106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe obesity (SO) can accelerate atherosclerosis and the onset of acute cardiovascular events. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis in the context of a high body mass index (BMI) can be challenging, making the identification of biomarkers clinically relevant. We aimed to assess the usefulness of irisin as a biomarker for subclinical atherosclerosis in participants with SO. This prospective observational study included 61 participants undergoing bariatric surgery for SO, defined as a BMI >40 kg/m2 or >35 kg/m2 with at least one comorbidity. Atherosclerotic plaques were detected by ultrasound. Plasma samples were obtained 1 month before and at 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery to measure irisin by ELISA. Additionally, subcutaneous samples of adipose tissue were taken and genotyped to identify irisin polymorphism rs3480. Irisin levels were positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.23, p = 0.0064), negatively correlated with atheroma-related parameters (e.g., carotid intima-media thickness), and lower in subjects with atheroma (p < 0.0002). Irisin also showed good overall accuracy for discriminating plaque presence (AUC, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.6956-0.9156). However, the rs3480 polymorphism correlated with neither the irisin levels nor the presence of atheromas. Iirisin could identify subclinical atherosclerosis in SO and might facilitate clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Carmona-Maurici
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Rosa
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Azcona-Granada
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elionora Peña
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Ricart-Jané
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Viñas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores López-Tejero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Miñarro
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Baena-Fustegueras
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Peinado-Onsurbe
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Pardina
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Liu W, Chen L, Wang W, Yue Z, Li J, Tan M, Gu Y, Zhu R, Zhang Y. A comprehensive review of novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Biomark Med 2023; 17:509-521. [PMID: 37650679 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a disease specific to pregnancy, featuring maternal itching and elevated serum bile acid levels. It leads to a series of adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as increased fetal mortality. Routine biochemical markers fail to fulfill the tremendous clinical requirements, thereby novel effective biomarkers are urgently desired. In our review, the potential novel biomarkers for ICP diagnosis are classified into four categories and elaborated in detail. The concrete diagnostic performances (sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve) of these biomarkers are demonstrated in tables. Moreover, the relationships between some biomarkers and ICP pathogenesis are briefly expounded. Nevertheless, only a few novel biomarkers are ideal, and their clinical applicability requires more evidence from larger multicenter trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weici Liu
- Wuxi Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Wuxi Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiran Yue
- Second Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Wuxi Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjing Tan
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Anqing Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246003, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Wuxi Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru Zhu
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Anqing Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246003, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Wuxi Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
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33
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Qin L, Wu J, Sun X, Huang X, Huang W, Weng C, Cai J. The regulatory role of metabolic organ-secreted factors in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1119005. [PMID: 37180779 PMCID: PMC10169694 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1119005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, which is becoming a major global health problem, affecting about a quarter of the population. In the past decade, mounting studies have found that 25%-40% of NAFLD patients have cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD is one of the leading causes of death in these subjects. However, it has not attracted enough awareness and emphasis from clinicians, and the underlying mechanisms of CVD in NAFLD patients remain unclear. Available research reveals that inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders play indispensable roles in the pathogenesis of CVD in NAFLD. Notably, emerging evidence indicates that metabolic organ-secreted factors, including hepatokines, adipokines, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and gut-derived factors, are also involved in the occurrence and development of metabolic disease and CVD. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the role of metabolic organ-secreted factors in NAFLD and CVD. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the relationship between metabolic organ-secreted factors and NAFLD as well as CVD, which is beneficial for clinicians to comprehensive and detailed understanding of the association between both diseases and strengthen management to improve adverse cardiovascular prognosis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chunyan Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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34
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Recombinant Irisin Protects Against Alveolar Bone Destruction During Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Inflammation 2023; 46:1106-1117. [PMID: 36918436 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Patients with periodontitis have higher risk of alveolar bone loss when seek for orthodontic therapy. Inflammation and osteogenesis are key factors in alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Here we evaluated the effects of irisin on alveolar bone destruction in rats with periodontitis and OTM. We isolated and cultured human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Irisin was administrated to PDLSCs. Cell proliferations, osteogenic differentiation, expression of RUNX2 and ALP, and the expression of OPG and RANKL were measured. We induced periodontitis and OTM in rats and treated rats with irisin. The alveolar bone loss, inflammatory cytokine levels, and expression of OPG and RANKL in gingival tissues were measured. Irisin promoted the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Irisin elevated the expression of RUNX2, ALP, and OPG while decreased the expression of RANKL in PDLSCs. Irisin ameliorated the alveolar bone loss, suppressed cytokine levels, and increased OPG/RANKL expression ratio in rat with periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement. Irisin prevented alveolar bone destruction during OTM in rats with periodontitis.
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Smirnov VV, Beeraka NM, Butko DY, Nikolenko VN, Bondarev SA, Achkasov EE, Sinelnikov MY, Vikram PRH. Updates on Molecular Targets and Epigenetic-Based Therapies for PCOS. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:772-786. [PMID: 35764857 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) can cause infertility in females due to hyperandrogenism and neuroendocrine abnormalities. The aim of this study is to decipher the impact of endocrine variables, hyperandogenism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and dietary conditions in PCOS conditions, subsequently to depict the role of epigenetic factors relative to phenotypic manifestations in PCOS conditions. We have reviewed several metabolic milieus pertinent to PCOS conditions. Comparative efficacies of various PCOS therapies, and recent clinical recommendations for the effective management of PCOS and role of metabolic/endocrine variables in PCOS conditions were described. Comparative therapeutic effects were vividly delineated according to the variable pathophysiology and internal variables during PCOS syndrome on the female body through the formation of cascade of endocrine pathology, which affects working capacity and fosters redox stress-induced cardiovascular, neural, and liver abnormalities. GLP-1 agonists, insulin sensitizers (metformin), and diet and exercise regimens efficacy were explained in enhancing the fertility outcomes among the overweight or obese females with PCOS. Comprehensive appraisal of DNA methylation as epigenetic changes and the manifestations of methylated genes in PCOS conditions were discussed particularly to screen novel molecular targets for developing efficient diagnostic indicators for predicting PCOS risk or its progression. Due to the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, it is possible to screen the "druggable" regions to target or to correct abnormalities in the gene expression subsequently to develop chromatin-modifying therapies against PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V Smirnov
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya str, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR; A DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Mysuru, India.
| | - Dmitry Yu Butko
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya str, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Bondarev
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya str, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeniy E Achkasov
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya str, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya str, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - P R Hemanth Vikram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Yang Y, Lang P, Zhang X, Wu X, Cao S, Zhao C, Shen R, Ling X, Yang Y, Zhang J. Molecular characterization of extracellular vesicles derived from follicular fluid of women with and without PCOS: integrating analysis of differential miRNAs and proteins reveals vital molecules involving in PCOS. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:537-552. [PMID: 36695944 PMCID: PMC10033803 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the follicular fluid-derived extracellular vesicles (FF-EVs) and discover critical molecules and signaling pathways associating with the etiology and pathobiology of PCOS, the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and differentially expressed proteins profiles (DEPs) were initially explored and combinedly analyzed. METHODS First, the miRNA and protein expression profiles of FF-EVs in PCOS patients and control patients were compared by RNA-sequencing and tandem mass tagging (TMT) proteomic methods. Subsequently, Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to analyze the biological function of target genes of DEmiRNAs and DEPs. Finally, to discover the functional miRNA-target gene-protein interaction pairs involved in PCOS, DEmiRs target gene datasets and DEPs datasets were used integratedly. RESULTS A total of 6 DEmiRNAs and 32 DEPs were identified in FF-EVs in patients with PCOS. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that DEmiRNAs target genes are mainly involved in thiamine metabolism, insulin secretion, GnRH, and Apelin signaling pathway, which are closely related to the occurrence of PCOS. DEPs also closely related to hormone metabolism processes such as steroid hormone biosynthesis. In the analysis integrating DEmiRNAs target genes and DEPs, two molecules, GRAMD1B and STPLC2, attracted our attention that are closely associated with cholesterol transport and ceramide biosynthesis, respectively. CONCLUSION Dysregulated miRNAs and proteins in FF-EVs, mainly involving in hormone metabolism, insulin secretion, neurotransmitters regulation, adipokine expression, and secretion, may be closely related to PCOS. The effects of GRAMD1B and STPLC2 on PCOS deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Lang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanren Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Shen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufeng Ling
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Junqiang Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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Demir C, Dursun AD, Sarıyıldız GT, Arslan Aİ. Serum irisin levels and osteoporosis in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and renal transplant recipients. Int Urol Nephrol 2023:10.1007/s11255-023-03475-7. [PMID: 36773217 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the association of serum irisin levels with bone mineral density (BMD) and calcium-phosphorus metabolism parameters in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and renal transplant recipients (RTRs). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving CKD patients and RTRs. Healthy volunteers served as controls. Age, gender, and dialysis vintage were recorded. Serum irisin, creatinine, glucose, calcium, albumin, 25(OH) vitamin D, ferritin, C-reactive protein, A1C, and lipid profile were studied in all participants. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), corrected calcium, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. RESULTS Overall, 49 patients (23 hemodialysis, 26 RTRs) and 25 control subjects were included. In hemodialysis (HD) group, 8 patients (34.8%) had osteoporosis, and 12 patients (52.2%) had osteopenia. In RTR group, 3 patients (11.5%) had osteoporosis, while 15 patients (57.7%) had osteopenia. Among controls, one had osteoporosis, and 7 had osteopenia. There was no significant difference between HD and RTRs; however, osteoporosis rate was significantly lower in control subjects. BMD measurements (femur and lumbar T- and Z-scores) were comparable between HD and RTR groups. Control group DEXA values were similar to RTRs; however, they were significantly higher compared to HD group. 25(OH) vitamin D levels were comparable between the HD and RTR groups, and these were significantly lower compared to values of the control group. Mean serum irisin level was 426.6 ± 191.2 pg/mL in hemodialysis group, 342.6 ± 174.8 in the RTR group, and 208.0 ± 186.1 in controls. Serum irisin levels were similar in RTR and HD groups, but their values were significantly higher compared to controls. When we compared serum irisin levels between patients with and without osteoporosis in the whole cohort and hemodialysis and RTR groups, there was no difference. Serum irisin was positively correlated with lumbar T-score both in hemodialysis and RTR groups. CONCLUSION Our study is the first in the literature revealing the positive correlation of serum irisin level with femur T-score in RTRs. Serum irisin level was also positively correlated with femur T-scores in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Demir
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Atılım Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kızılcaşarİncek Gölbaşı, 06830, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ali Doğan Dursun
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Atilim University, and Vocational School of Health Services, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Türkmen Sarıyıldız
- Department of General Surgery, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, and Operating Room Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut İlker Arslan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Services, Atılım University, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Salivary irisin level is higher and related with interleukin-6 in generalized periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04903-9. [PMID: 36763144 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Irisin plays an important role in energy homeostasis, inflammation, glucose, and lipid metabolism, and it is shown to have relations with many inflammatory diseases. The aim of the study was to determine saliva and serum irisin and IL-6 levels in patients with stage III/grade B periodontitis compared with individuals with healthy periodontium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with stage III grade B periodontitis (P) and 20 periodontally healthy subjects (control; C) were included in this study. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. Saliva and serum levels of irisin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Salivary irisin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, serum IL-6 levels were found significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared with controls (p = 0.011). There was no significant difference between the periodontitis and control for serum irisin levels (p > 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between all periodontal parameters and salivary irisin and IL-6 (p < 0.05) and also between BMI and saliva and serum IL-6 (respectively; r = 0.530, r = 0.329, p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between salivary irisin and IL-6 (r = 0.369, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of salivary irisin and IL-6 might be potential biomarker for predicting the susceptibility to periodontitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Scientific rationale for the study: Irisin is a novel adipomyokine that has played an important role in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, immunity, and inflammation. Irisin is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases affecting many body systems. IL-6, another adipomyokine, is a major inflammatory mediator and homeostatic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism and is associated with periodontitis. No studies investigated the relationship between advanced periodontal disease, irisin, and IL-6 together. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The salivary irisin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher and positively correlated in patients with periodontitis relative to healthy controls. Furthermore, serum IL-6 levels were significantly increased in patients with periodontitis. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The study shows that irisin and IL-6 can be candidate salivary biomarkers for periodontitis and predict to periodontal status.
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Foad AM, Hafez A, Youssef W, Ahmed AE, Altaher AM. Irisin expression and FNDC5 (rs3480) gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetic patients with and without CAD. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-6. [PMID: 36732920 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2173785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin was found to correlate with coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients. This study investigated the association of irisin and FNDC5 (SNP rs3480) with the presence and severity of CAD in T2DM. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with T2DM divided into two groups, DM group (n = 50), including patients without CAD and CAD group (n = 50), including those confirmed to have CAD by coronary angiography. Irisin was measured. SNP rs3480 genotyping of FNDC5 was done. RESULTS Irisin levels were significantly lower in the CAD group (p < 0.001). The CAD group had significantly higher HbA1c and lower HDL (p < 0.001). Patients with controlled DM had significantly higher irisin levels (p < 0.001). single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3480 was not associated with irisin levels, and the FNDC5 rs3480 AA reference allele was significantly associated with significant CAD. CONCLUSION Irisin appears to be protective against developing CAD in diabetic patients. Irisin level was an independent predictor of significant CAD in diabetic patients combined with the FNDC5 rs3480 genotype. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04957823.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amera Morad Foad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Alshimaa Hafez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Wael Youssef
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsharawy Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ali Mohamad Altaher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Ercan Z, Dogru MS, Ertugrul NU, Yardimci A, Canpolat S. The Effect of Irisin on Thyroid Hormone Levels in Chronic Paroxetine-Treated Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:810-815. [PMID: 35322355 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is known that serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are widely used in mood disorders, affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of paroxetine, an SSRI, on thyroid hormone levels in rats. We also examined the role of irisin, a newly discovered potential regulatory hormone for metabolism, on paroxetine-induced changes. A total of 64 Sprague-Dawley female and male rats were randomly divided into four subgroups for each gender and treated as follows: sham-operated control (vehicle), paroxetine (treated with 20 mg/kg paroxetine by oral gavage), irisin (100 ng/kg/day for 28 days with mini-osmotic pumps), and paroxetine + irisin group (n = 8). Serum fasting free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels were measured by automated chemiluminescence method. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA). Compared to the sham control group (p < 0.05), the significantly reduced fT4 and TSH serum levels in paroxetine-treated male animals were markedly increased by subcutaneous irisin perfusion. fT3 levels significantly increased in both irisin (4.35 ± 0.17 pq/mL) and paroxetine + irisin groups (4.51 ± 0.19 pq/mL) compared to sham control (3.60 ± 0.23 pq/mL) and paroxetine groups (3.57 ± 0.12 pq/mL) (p < 0.05). It was observed that serum fT3, fT4, and TSH levels decreased in female animals receiving paroxetine compared to the sham control group. Subcutaneous administration of irisin increased these hormone levels. However, these changes were not statistically significant. These results suggested that irisin may play a role in the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of exercise in preventing SSRI-related side effects by increasing thyroid hormone levels, which were decreased by paroxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubeyde Ercan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Meryem Sedef Dogru
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Yardimci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Effect of Exercise Interventions on Irisin and Interleukin-6 Concentrations and Indicators of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Males with Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010369. [PMID: 36615169 PMCID: PMC9820823 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin (IR) is a biomarker that is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the available evidence on the association of IR, physical activity, and MetS status are contradictory. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise intervention on IR and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in males with MetS. The study included 62 males with MetS (age 36.6 ± 6.9 years, BMI 33.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2) randomly assigned to: examined group 1 (EG1, n = 21) with aerobic exercise intervention, examined group 2 (EG2, n = 21) with combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention, both for 12 weeks, and the control group (CG, n = 20) without intervention. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (body fat [BF], fat free mass [FFM]) as well as a biochemical blood analysis (irisin [IR], interleukin-6 [IL-6], insulin [INS] and glucose [GL]) were performed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks of intervention, and 4 weeks after ending the intervention (follow-up). Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were performed. In EG1, an increase in IR level was observed as well as decreases in IL-6, BF, and GL levels in relation to the initial measurement. In EG2, decreases in IL-6, BF, and INS levels were observed as well as an increase in FFM level. In CG, no changes were found. Aerobic-resistance exercise led to a greater reduction in the concentrations of IL-6 and INS and more favorable changes in body composition (BF and FFM) than the use of aerobic training alone in males with MetS.
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Wu L, Cao R, Peng X, Fu L. An Association Between FNDC5, PGC-1α Genetic Variants and Obesity in Chinese Children: A Case-Control Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:47-59. [PMID: 36760581 PMCID: PMC9843619 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s391219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5) gene encodes irisin that regulates adipose tissue metabolism. Peroxide-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a powerful promoter of mitochondrial biosynthesis and oxidative metabolism, which plays an important role in inducing heat production and energy consumption of brown fat. PGC1-α expression stimulated an increase in expression of FNDC5. PURPOSE The aims of this study were to analyze the association between FNDC5, PGC-1α genetic variants and overweight or obesity in Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS A total of 198 children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and 198 children and adolescents with normal weight were screened according to gender and age 1:1. The healthy eating behaviors, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time were surveyed using food frequency questionnaire and CLASS questionnaire, respectively. Genotypes of FNDC5 and PGC-1α gene were detected using SNaPshot method. RESULTS GT genotype of FNDC5 (rs16835198) increased the risk of overweight or obesity in boys (OR (95% CI): 1.68 (1.00, 2.93)) based on overdominant model; GG genotype of FNDC5 (rs16835198) decreased the risk of overweight or obesity in girls and boys (OR (95% CI): 0.45 (0.21,0.97), 0.45 (0.24, 0.83), respectively) based on dominant model; TT genotype of FNDC5 (rs16835198) increased the risk of overweight or obesity in girls based on recessive model (OR (95% CI): 2.46 (1.19, 5.05)), and based on the additive model (OR (95% CI): 3.82 (1.49, 9.80)). There was significant interaction between FNDC5 (rs16835198) and PGC-1α (rs3755863, rs8192678), healthy eating behaviors, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time, interaction between PGC-1α (rs8192678) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time in the occurrence of overweight or obesity in Chinese children and adolescents. CONCLUSION FNDC5 (rs16835198) played an independent or interactive role with PGC-1α (rs3755863, rs8192678), healthy eating behaviors, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time in the occurrence of overweight or obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wu
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyao Cao
- Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Peng
- Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianguo Fu
- Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lianguo Fu, Department of Children and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613195529639, Fax +86-5523175215, Email
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Liang H, Qi W, Jiajue R, Chi Y, Liu W, Wang O, Li M, Xing X, Yu W, Jiang Y, Xia W. Serum Irisin level is associated with fall risk, muscle strength, and cortical porosity in postmenopausal women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1096950. [PMID: 36926035 PMCID: PMC10013910 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1096950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin plays a role in bone-muscle crosstalk, but the relationship between the serum irisin level and bone microarchitecture remains unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationships between serum irisin level and fall risk, muscle strength, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone microarchitecture among Chinese postmenopausal women. METHODS In all 138 postmenopausal women, handgrip strength, short physical performance battery (SPPB), and the timed up-and-go test were performed to evaluate muscle strength, physical performance, and fall risk, respectively. The serum irisin was measured. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) was performed to acquire volumetric BMD and bone microarchitecture. Bivariate analysis was used to explore relationships between serum irisin level and muscle strength and HR-pQCT parameters. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine associations between serum irisin level and vBMD and cortical porosity (Ct.Po). RESULTS All participants had a median serum irisin level of 3.91 μg/ml. Participants with high fall risk had significantly lower serum irisin levels than those with low fall risk (2.22 μg/ml vs. 4.16 μg/ml, p=0.024). Irisin level was positively related to handgrip strength (rs=0.185, p=0.030) and SPPB performance. In univariate linear regression, serum irisin level was positively associated with cortical volumetric BMD (Ct.vBMD, radius: standardized β=0.184, p=0.031; tibia: standardized β=0.242, p=0.004), but it had no significant associations with Ct.vBMD after multivariate adjustment. After adjusting by age, height, serum sclerostin level, and body fat ratio, only Ct.Po at the distal radius had a significantly negative association with serum irisin level (standardized β=-0.276, p=0.003). CONCLUSION Postmenopausal women with lower serum irisin levels have a higher fall risk, weaker muscle strength, and higher cortical porosity. Moreover, serum irisin level has a positive association with Ct.vBMD, but it is affected by factors such as age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanting Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizhi Jiajue
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Chi
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Jiang, ; Weibo Xia,
| | - Weibo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Jiang, ; Weibo Xia,
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Rani S, Chandna P. Multiomics Analysis-Based Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1-27. [PMID: 35084716 PMCID: PMC10010205 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an utmost communal endocrine, psychological, reproductive, and metabolic disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age with extensive range of clinical manifestations. This may even lead to long-term multiple morbidities including obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, infertility, cerebrovascular diseases, and ovarian and endometrial cancer. Women affliction from PCOS in midst assemblage of manifestations allied with menstrual dysfunction and androgen exorbitance, which considerably affects eminence of life. PCOS is recognized as a multifactorial disorder and systemic syndrome in first-degree family members; therefore, the etiology of PCOS syndrome has not been copiously interpreted. The disorder of PCOS comprehends numerous allied health conditions and has influenced various metabolic processes. Due to multifaceted pathophysiology engaging several pathways and proteins, single genetic diagnostic tests cannot be supportive to determine in straight way. Clarification of cellular and biochemical pathways and various genetic players underlying PCOS could upsurge our consideration of pathophysiology of this syndrome. It is requisite to know pathophysiological relationship between biomarker and their reflection towards PCOS disease. Biomarkers deliver vibrantly and potent ways to apprehend the spectrum of PCOS with applications in screening, diagnosis, characterization, and monitoring. This paper relies on the endeavor to point out many candidates as potential biomarkers based on omics technologies, thus highlighting correlation between PCOS disease with innovative technologies. Therefore, the objective of existing review is to encapsulate more findings towards cutting-edge advances in prospective use of biomarkers for PCOS disease. Discussed biomarkers may be fruitful in guiding therapies, addressing disease risk, and predicting clinical outcomes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Rani
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi , 110021, India.
| | - Piyush Chandna
- Natdynamics Biosciences Confederation, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122001, India
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Abstract
Ageing is characterised by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage through time, leading to a decline in physical and mental abilities. Currently, society has experienced a rapid increase in life expectancy, which has led to an increase in age-associated diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to study the process of ageing to guarantee the best conditions in the final stages of life. In recent years, interest has increased in a myokine known as irisin, which is secreted during physical exercise. This polypeptide hormone is produced by various organs, mainly muscle, and once it is released into the blood, it performs a wide variety of functions that are involved in metabolic control and may be relevant during some of the diseases associated with ageing. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent studies of irisin, such as its mechanism of expression, blood release, distribution, tissue target and participation in various cellular metabolic reactions and the relationship with key anti-ageing pathways such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, silent information regulator T 1, autophagy and telomerase. In conclusion, irisin is a key player during the ageing process and it could be a novel target molecule for the therapeutic approach to boost longevity pathways. However, more research will be necessary to use this promising hormone for this gain.
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Torregrosa C, Chorin F, Beltran EEM, Neuzillet C, Cardot-Ruffino V. Physical Activity as the Best Supportive Care in Cancer: The Clinician's and the Researcher's Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5402. [PMID: 36358820 PMCID: PMC9655932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidisciplinary supportive care, integrating the dimensions of exercise alongside oncological treatments, is now regarded as a new paradigm to improve patient survival and quality of life. Its impact is important on the factors that control tumor development, such as the immune system, inflammation, tissue perfusion, hypoxia, insulin resistance, metabolism, glucocorticoid levels, and cachexia. An increasing amount of research has been published in the last years on the effects of physical activity within the framework of oncology, marking the appearance of a new medical field, commonly known as "exercise oncology". This emerging research field is trying to determine the biological mechanisms by which, aerobic exercise affects the incidence of cancer, the progression and/or the appearance of metastases. We propose an overview of the current state of the art physical exercise interventions in the management of cancer patients, including a pragmatic perspective with tips for routine practice. We then develop the emerging mechanistic views about physical exercise and their potential clinical applications. Moving toward a more personalized, integrated, patient-centered, and multidisciplinary management, by trying to understand the different interactions between the cancer and the host, as well as the impact of the disease and the treatments on the different organs, this seems to be the most promising method to improve the care of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Torregrosa
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- Département de Chirurgie Digestive et Oncologique, Hôpital Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Frédéric Chorin
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine, Expertise, Sport, Santé (LAMHESS), HEALTHY Graduate School, Université Côte d’Azur, 06205 Nice, France
- Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06205 Nice, France
| | - Eva Ester Molina Beltran
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- GERCOR, 151 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75011 Paris, France
| | - Victoire Cardot-Ruffino
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Gheit REAE, Younis RL, El-Saka MH, Emam MN, Soliman NA, El-Sayed RM, Hafez YM, AbuoHashish NA, Radwan DA, Khaled HE, Kamel S, Zaitone SA, Badawi GA. Irisin improves adiposity and exercise tolerance in a rat model of postmenopausal obesity through enhancing adipo-myocyte thermogenesis. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:897-913. [PMID: 35996069 PMCID: PMC9684260 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, along with their healthcare costs, is rising exponentially. Irisin, an adipomyokine, may serve as a critical cross-organ messenger, linking skeletal muscle with adipose tissue and the liver to integrate the energy homeostasis under diet-induced obesity. We aimed to explore the putative role of irisin in the protection against obesity in a postmenopausal rat model by modulating energy expenditure (EE). Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed. After 3 weeks of recovery, the OVX rats were classified according to their dietary protocol into rats maintained on normal diets (ND) (OVX) or high-fat diet (HFD) groups. The HFD-fed animals were equally divided into OVX/HFD, or irisin-treated OVX/HFD groups. Sham rats, maintained on ND, were selected as the control group. We evaluated anthropometric, EE, and molecular biomarkers of browning and thermogenesis in inguinal white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and the activity of the proteins related to mitochondrial long chain fatty acid transport, oxidation, and glycolysis. HFD of OVX further deteriorated the disturbed glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and the reduced irisin, thermogenic parameters in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and EE. Irisin treatment improved the lipid profile and insulin resistance. That was associated with reduced hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme activities and restored hepatic glycogen content. Irisin reduced ectopic lipid infiltration. Irisin augmented EE by activating non-shivering thermogenesis in muscle and adipose tissues and decreasing metabolic efficiency. Our experimental evidence suggests irisin's use as a potential thermogenic agent, therapeutically targeting obesity in postmenopausal patients. Irisin modulates the non-shivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in postmenopausal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab E Abo El Gheit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Reham L Younis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mervat H El-Saka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Marwa N Emam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nema A Soliman
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rehab M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, North Sinai, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Yasser Mostafa Hafez
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa A Radwan
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Howayda E Khaled
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Samar Kamel
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada A Badawi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, North Sinai, El-Arish, Egypt
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Molecular and Physiological Effects of Browning Agents on White Adipocytes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012151. [PMID: 36293005 PMCID: PMC9603155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different types of adipose depots can be observed in mammals: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). The primary role of WAT is to deposit surplus energy in the form of triglycerides, along with many metabolic and hormonal activities; as thermogenic tissue, BAT has the distinct characteristic of using energy and glucose consumption as a strategy to maintain the core body temperature. Under specific stimuli—such as exercise, cold exposure, and drug treatment—white adipocytes can utilize their extraordinary flexibility to transdifferentiate into brown-like cells, called beige adipocytes, thereby acquiring new morphological and physiological characteristics. For this reason, the process is identified as the ‘browning of WAT’. We evaluated the ability of some drugs, including GW501516, sildenafil, and rosiglitazone, to induce the browning process of adult white adipocytes obtained from differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In addition, we broadened our investigation by evaluating the potential browning capacity of IRISIN, a myokine that is stimulated by muscular exercises. Our data indicate that IRISIN was effective in promoting the browning of white adipocytes, which acquire increased expression of UCP1, increased mitochondrial mass, and modification in metabolism, as suggested by an increase of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, primarily in presence of glucose as a nutrient. These promising browning agents represent an appealing focus in the therapeutic approaches to counteracting metabolic diseases and their associated obesity.
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Irisin Is Related to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092253. [PMID: 36140354 PMCID: PMC9496390 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a cytokine involved in many metabolic pathways occurring, among others, in muscles, adipose tissue and liver. Thus, fluctuations in irisin levels are suggested to be related to metabolic diseases. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate whether irisin may be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 138 patients (70/68 male/female, mean age 65.61 ± 10.44 years) were enrolled in the study. The patients were assigned to the NAFLD group (n = 72, including 46 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM]) and the group without NAFLD (n = 66, 31 patients with T2DM). NAFLD was diagnosed based on ultrasound examination, Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and Fatty Liver Index. Baseline anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were collected. The serum irisin level was determined using an ELISA test. We observed that NAFLD was associated with an increased concentration of irisin. Moreover, Spearman correlations and linear regression analysis revealed that irisin level correlates with some anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, aspartic aminotransferase, creatinine and urea. Logistic regression analysis depicted that odds for NAFLD increase 1.17 times for each 1 μg/mL rise of irisin concentration. Finally, ROC analysis showed that the concentration of irisin possesses a discriminate capacity for NAFLD and optimal cut points concentration could be designed. The risk of NAFLD in the subgroup with irisin concentration above 3.235 μg/mL was 4.57 times higher than in patients with the lower concentration of irisin. To conclude, the obtained results suggest that irisin concentration is associated with some anthropometric and biochemical parameters and should be further investigated toward its usage as a diagnostic biomarker of NAFLD.
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Vachliotis ID, Anastasilakis AD, Goulas A, Goulis DG, Polyzos SA. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and osteoporosis: A potential association with therapeutic implications. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1702-1720. [PMID: 35589613 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and osteoporosis are two highly prevalent metabolic diseases. Increasing experimental evidence supports a pathophysiological link between NAFLD and osteoporosis. A key feature could be chronic, low-grade inflammation, which characterizes NAFLD and possibly affects bone metabolism. In this context, several factors, including but not limited to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and osteocalcin, may serve as mediators. In the clinical setting, most but not all epidemiological evidence indicates that NAFLD is associated with lower bone mineral density or osteoporosis in adults. Although an association between NAFLD and osteoporosis has not yet been established, and thus remains speculative, pharmacological considerations already exist. Some of the current and emerging pharmacological options for NAFLD have shown possible anti-osteoporotic properties (eg, vitamin E, obeticholic acid, semaglutide), while others (eg, pioglitazone, canagliflozin) have been associated with increased risk of fractures and may be avoided in patients with NAFLD and concomitant osteoporosis, especially those at high fracture risk. Conversely, some anti-osteoporotic medications (denosumab) might benefit NAFLD, while others (raloxifene) might adversely affect it and, consequently, may be avoided in patients with osteoporosis and NAFLD. If an association between NAFLD and osteoporosis is established, a medication that could target both diseases would be a great advancement. This review summarizes the main experimental and clinical evidence on the potential association between NAFLD and osteoporosis and focuses on treatment considerations derived from this potential association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias D Vachliotis
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Endocrinology, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Antonis Goulas
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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