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Kaur S, Prakash P, Bak DH, Hong SH, Cho C, Chung MS, Kim JH, Lee S, Bai HW, Lee SY, Chung BY, Lee SS. Regulation of Dual Activity of Ascorbate Peroxidase 1 From Arabidopsis thaliana by Conformational Changes and Posttranslational Modifications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678111. [PMID: 34194454 PMCID: PMC8236860 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is an important reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme, which catalyzes the removal of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to prevent oxidative damage. The peroxidase activity of APX is regulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as S-nitrosylation, tyrosine nitration, and S-sulfhydration. In addition, it has been recently reported that APX functions as a molecular chaperone, protecting rice against heat stress. In this study, we attempted to identify the various functions of APX in Arabidopsis and the effects of PTMs on these functions. Cytosol type APX1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtAPX1) exists in multimeric forms ranging from dimeric to high-molecular-weight (HMW) complexes. Similar to the rice APX2, AtAPX1 plays a dual role behaving both as a regular peroxidase and a chaperone molecule. The dual activity of AtAPX1 was strongly related to its structural status. The main dimeric form of the AtAPX1 protein showed the highest peroxidase activity, whereas the HMW form exhibited the highest chaperone activity. Moreover, in vivo studies indicated that the structure of AtAPX1 was regulated by heat and salt stresses, with both involved in the association and dissociation of complexes, respectively. Additionally, we investigated the effects of S-nitrosylation, S-sulfhydration, and tyrosine nitration on the protein structure and functions using gel analysis and enzymatic activity assays. S-nitrosylation and S-sulfhydration positively regulated the peroxidase activity, whereas tyrosine nitration had a negative impact. However, no effects were observed on the chaperone function and the oligomeric status of AtAPX1. Our results will facilitate the understanding of the role and regulation of APX under abiotic stress and posttranslational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhpreet Kaur
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Prapti Prakash
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Hong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Chuloh Cho
- Crop Foundation Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seung Sik Lee,
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2
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Cho C, Lee GW, Hong SH, Kaur S, Jung KW, Jung JH, Lim S, Chung BY, Lee SS. Novel functions of peroxiredoxin Q from Deinococcus radiodurans R1 as a peroxidase and a molecular chaperone. FEBS Lett 2018; 593:219-229. [PMID: 30488429 PMCID: PMC6590489 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is extremely resistant to ionizing radiation and oxidative stress. In this study, we characterized DR0846, a candidate peroxiredoxin in D. radiodurans. DR0846 is a peroxiredoxin Q containing two conserved cysteine residues. DR0846 exists mainly in monomeric form with an intramolecular disulfide bond between the two cysteine residues. We found that DR0846 functions as a molecular chaperone as well as a peroxidase. A mutational analysis indicates that the two cysteine residues are essential for enzymatic activity. A double‐deletion mutant lacking DR0846 and catalase DR1998 exhibits decreased oxidative and heat shock stress tolerance with respect to the single mutants or the wild‐type cells. These results suggest that DR0846 contributes to resistance against oxidative and heat stresses in D. radiodurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuloh Cho
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | | | - Sung H Hong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Shubhpreet Kaur
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Kwang-Woo Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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3
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Chen C, Chen K, Su T, Zhang B, Li G, Pan J, Si M. Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (Ino-1) functions as a protection mechanism in Corynebacterium glutamicum under oxidative stress. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00721. [PMID: 30270521 PMCID: PMC6528642 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in aerobic metabolism and oxidative stress lead to macromolecules damage, such as to proteins, lipids, and DNA, which can be eliminated by the redox buffer mycothiol (AcCys-GlcN-Ins, MSH). Myo-inositol-phosphate synthase (Ino-1) catalyzes the first committed step in the synthesis of MSH, thus playing a critical role in the growth of the organism. Although Ino-1s have been systematically studied in eukaryotes, their physiological and biochemical functions remain largely unknown in bacteria. In this study, we report that Ino-1 plays an important role in oxidative stress resistance in the gram-positive Actinobacteria Corynebacterium glutamicum. Deletion of the ino-1 gene resulted in a decrease in cell viability, an increase in ROS production, and the aggravation of protein carbonylation levels under various stress conditions. The physiological roles of Ino-1 in the resistance to oxidative stresses were corroborated by the absence of MSH in the Δino-1 mutant. In addition, we found that the homologous expression of Ino-1 in C. glutamicum yielded a functionally active protein, while when expressed in Escherichia coliBL21(DE3), it lacked measurable activity. An examination of the molecular mass (Mr) suggested that Ino-1 expressed in E. coliBL21(DE3) was not folded in a catalytically competent conformation. Together, the results unequivocally showed that Ino-1 was important for the mediation of oxidative resistance by C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China.,Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keqi Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Su
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guizhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Junfeng Pan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meiru Si
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
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Hampton MB, Vick KA, Skoko JJ, Neumann CA. Peroxiredoxin Involvement in the Initiation and Progression of Human Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:591-608. [PMID: 29237274 PMCID: PMC9836708 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE It has been proposed that cancer cells are heavily dependent on their antioxidant defenses for survival and growth. Peroxiredoxins are a family of abundant thiol-dependent peroxidases that break down hydrogen peroxide, and they have a central role in the maintenance and response of cells to alterations in redox homeostasis. As such, they are potential targets for disrupting tumor growth. Recent Advances: Genetic disruption of peroxiredoxin expression in mice leads to an increased incidence of neoplastic disease, consistent with a role for peroxiredoxins in protecting genomic integrity. In contrast, many human tumors display increased levels of peroxiredoxin expression, suggesting that strengthened antioxidant defenses provide a survival advantage for tumor progression. Peroxiredoxin inhibitors are being developed and explored as therapeutic agents in different cancer models. CRITICAL ISSUES It is important to complement peroxiredoxin knockout and expression studies with an improved understanding of the biological function of the peroxiredoxins. Although current results can be interpreted within the context that peroxiredoxins scavenge hydroperoxides, some peroxiredoxin family members appear to have more complex roles in regulating the response of cells to oxidative stress through protein interactions with constituents of other signaling pathways. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further mechanistic information is required for understanding the role of oxidative stress in cancer, the function of peroxiredoxins in normal versus cancer cells, and for the design and testing of specific peroxiredoxin inhibitors that display selectivity to malignant cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 591-608.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Hampton
- 1 Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago , Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kate A Vick
- 1 Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago , Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John J Skoko
- 2 Womens Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carola A Neumann
- 2 Womens Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Hong SH, Lee SS, Chung JM, Jung HS, Singh S, Mondal S, Jang HH, Cho JY, Bae HJ, Chung BY. Site-specific mutagenesis of yeast 2-Cys peroxiredoxin improves heat or oxidative stress tolerance by enhancing its chaperone or peroxidase function. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:327-334. [PMID: 26843371 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Yeast peroxiredoxin II (yPrxII) is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a protective role against the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This enzyme consists of 196 amino acids containing 2-Cys Prx with highly conserved two active cysteine residues at positions 48 and 171. The yPrxII has dual enzymatic functions as a peroxidase and molecular chaperone. To understand the effect of additional cysteine residues on dual functions of yPrxII, S79C-yPrxII and S109C-yPrxII, the substitution of Ser with Cys residue at 79 and 109 positions, respectively, was generated. S109C-yPrxII and S79C-yPrxII showed 3.7- and 2.7-fold higher chaperone and peroxidase activity, respectively, than the wild type (WT). The improvement in enzyme activity was found to be closely associated with structural changes in proteins. S109C-yPrxII had increased β-sheet in its secondary structure and formed high-molecular-weight (HMW) as well as low-molecular-weight (LMW) complexes, but S79C-yPrxII formed only LMW complexes. HMW complexes predominantly exhibited a chaperone function, and LMW complexes showed a peroxidase function. In addition, transgenic yeast cells over-expressing Cys-substituted yPrxII showed greater tolerance against heat and oxidative stress compared to WT-yPrxII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Hong
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Korea
| | - Sudhir Singh
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Suvendu Mondal
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea
| | - Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Cho
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
| | - Hyeun-Jong Bae
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea.
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6
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Si M, Wang T, Pan J, Lin J, Chen C, Wei Y, Lu Z, Wei G, Shen X. Graded Response of the Multifunctional 2-Cysteine Peroxiredoxin, CgPrx, to Increasing Levels of Hydrogen Peroxide in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:1-14. [PMID: 27324811 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Eukaryotic typical 2-cysteine (Cys) peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are multifunctional proteins subjected to complex regulation and play important roles in oxidative stress resistance, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling modulation, aging, and cancer, but the information on the biochemical functions and regulation mechanisms of prokaryotic atypical 2-Cys Prxs is largely lacking. RESULTS In this study, we show that at low peroxide concentrations, the atypical 2-Cys Prx in Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgPrx) mainly exists as monomers and displays thioredoxin (Trx)-dependent peroxidase activity. Moderate oxidative stress causes reversible S-mycothiolation of the H2O2-sensing Cys63 residue, which keeps CgPrx exclusively in dimer form with neither peroxidase nor chaperone activity. Then, the increased levels of H2O2 could act as a messenger to oxidize the redox-sensitive regulator hydrogen peroxide-inducible gene activator, leading to activation of expression of the more efficient mycothiol peroxidase and catalase to eliminate excessive peroxide. If oxidative stress is too severe, the H2O2-sensing Cys63 becomes hyperoxidized to sulfonic acid, which irreversibly inactivates the peroxidase activity, and most of CgPrx will be converted to multimeric chaperones for salvage of damaged proteins. INNOVATION We demonstrate for the first time that atypical 2-Cys CgPrx acts as both a Trx-dependent peroxidase and a molecular chaperone and plays a regulatory role in modulating the peroxide-mediated signaling cascades. CONCLUSION These results reveal that CgPrx functions as a multifunctional protein crucial for adapting appropriate responses to different levels of oxidative challenge in C. glutamicum. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 1-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiru Si
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China .,2 College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Tietao Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Junfeng Pan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Jinshui Lin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Can Chen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Yahong Wei
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- 2 College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Gehong Wei
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
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Lee JT, Lee SS, Mondal S, Tripathi BN, Kim S, Lee KW, Hong SH, Bai HW, Cho JY, Chung BY. Enhancement of the Chaperone Activity of Alkyl Hydroperoxide Reductase C from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Resulting from a Point-Specific Mutation Confers Heat Tolerance in Escherichia coli. Mol Cells 2016; 39:594-602. [PMID: 27457208 PMCID: PMC4990751 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (PaAhpC) is a member of the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin family. Here, we examined the peroxidase and molecular chaperone functions of PaAhpC using a site-directed mutagenesis approach by substitution of Ser and Thr residues with Cys at positions 78 and 105 located between two catalytic cysteines. Substitution of Ser with Cys at position 78 enhanced the chaperone activity of the mutant (S78C-PaAhpC) by approximately 9-fold compared with that of the wild-type protein (WT-PaAhpC). This increased activity may have been associated with the proportionate increase in the high-molecular-weight (HMW) fraction and enhanced hydrophobicity of S78C-PaAhpC. Homology modeling revealed that mutation of Ser(78) to Cys(78) resulted in a more compact decameric structure than that observed in WT-PaAhpC and decreased the atomic distance between the two neighboring sulfur atoms of Cys(78) in the dimer-dimer interface of S78C-PaAhpC, which could be responsible for the enhanced hydrophobic interaction at the dimer-dimer interface. Furthermore, complementation assays showed that S78C-PaAhpC exhibited greatly improved the heat tolerance, resulting in enhanced survival under thermal stress. Thus, addition of Cys at position 78 in PaAhpC modulated the functional shifting of this protein from a peroxidase to a chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Taek Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212,
Korea
- Fruit Vegetables Research Institute, Jellabuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gunsan 54062,
Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212,
Korea
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Suvendu Mondal
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212,
Korea
| | - Bhumi Nath Tripathi
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212,
Korea
| | - Siu Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Program), Gyeong-sang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 Program), Gyeong-sang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Hong
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212,
Korea
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212,
Korea
| | - Jae-Young Cho
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup 56212,
Korea
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Insights into the Function of a Second, Nonclassical Ahp Peroxidase, AhpA, in Oxidative Stress Resistance in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2016; 198:1044-57. [PMID: 26787766 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00679-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Organisms growing aerobically generate reactive oxygen-containing molecules, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These reactive oxygen molecules damage enzymes and DNA and may even cause cell death. In response, Bacillus subtilis produces at least nine potential peroxide-scavenging enzymes, two of which appear to be the primary enzymes responsible for detoxifying peroxides during vegetative growth: a catalase (encoded by katA) and an alkylhydroperoxide reductase (Ahp, encoded by ahpC). AhpC uses two redox-active cysteine residues to reduce peroxides to nontoxic molecules. A specialized thioredoxin-like protein, AhpF, is then required to restore oxidized AhpC back to its reduced state. Curiously, B. subtilis has two genes encoding Ahp: ahpC and ahpA. Although AhpC is well characterized, very little is known about AhpA. In fact, numerous bacterial species have multiple ahp genes; however, these additional Ahp proteins are generally uncharacterized. We seek to understand the role of AhpA in the bacterium's defense against toxic peroxide molecules in relation to the roles previously assigned to AhpC and catalase. Our results demonstrate that AhpA has catalytic activity similar to that of the primary enzyme, AhpC. Furthermore, our results suggest that a unique thioredoxin redox protein, AhpT, may reduce AhpA upon its oxidation by peroxides. However, unlike AhpC, which is expressed well during vegetative growth, our results suggest that AhpA is expressed primarily during postexponential growth. IMPORTANCE B. subtilis appears to produce nine enzymes designed to protect cells against peroxides; two belong to the Ahp class of peroxidases. These studies provide an initial characterization of one of these Ahp homologs and demonstrate that the two Ahp enzymes are not simply replicates of each other, suggesting that they instead are expressed at different times during growth of the cells. These results highlight the need to further study the Ahp homologs to better understand how they differ from one another and to identify their function, if any, in protection against oxidative stress. Through these studies, we may better understand why bacteria have multiple enzymes designed to scavenge peroxides and thus have a more accurate understanding of oxidative stress resistance.
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9
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Lee EM, Lee SS, Tripathi BN, Jung HS, Cao GP, Lee Y, Singh S, Hong SH, Lee KW, Lee SY, Cho JY, Chung BY. Site-directed mutagenesis substituting cysteine for serine in 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx A) of Arabidopsis thaliana effectively improves its peroxidase and chaperone functions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:713-25. [PMID: 26141131 PMCID: PMC4577999 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (Prx) A protein of Arabidopsis thaliana performs the dual functions of a peroxidase and a molecular chaperone depending on its conformation and the metabolic conditions. However, the precise mechanism responsible for the functional switching of 2-Cys Prx A is poorly known. This study examines various serine-to-cysteine substitutions on α-helix regions of 2-Cys Prx A in Arabidopsis mutants and the effects they have on the dual function of the protein. METHODS Various mutants of 2-Cys Prx A were generated by replacing serine (Ser) with cysteine (Cys) at different locations by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutants were then over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified protein was further analysed by size exclusion chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and image analysis. Peroxidase activity, molecular chaperone activity and hydrophobicity of the proteins were also determined. Molecular modelling analysis was performed in order to demonstrate the relationship between mutation positions and switching of 2-Cys Prx A activity. KEY RESULTS Replacement of Ser(150) with Cys(150) led to a marked increase in holdase chaperone and peroxidase activities of 2-Cys Prx A, which was associated with a change in the structure of an important domain of the protein. Molecular modelling demonstrated the relationship between mutation positions and the switching of 2-Cys Prx A activity. Examination of the α2 helix, dimer-dimer interface and C-term loop indicated that the peroxidase function is associated with a fully folded α2 helix and easy formation of a stable reduced decamer, while a more flexible C-term loop makes the chaperone function less likely. CONCLUSIONS Substitution of Cys for Ser at amino acid location 150 of the α-helix of 2-Cys Prx A regulates/enhances the dual enzymatic functions of the 2-Cys Prx A protein. If confirmed in planta, this leads to the potential for it to be used to maximize the functional utility of 2-Cys Prx A protein for improved metabolic functions and stress resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhumi Nath Tripathi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang Ping Cao
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Yuno Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Sudhir Singh
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Hong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Jae-Young Cho
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea,
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An BC, Lee SS, Jung HS, Kim JY, Lee Y, Lee KW, Lee SY, Tripathi BN, Chung BY. An additional cysteine in a typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin ofPseudomonaspromotes functional switching between peroxidase and molecular chaperone. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2831-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Sevilla F, Camejo D, Ortiz-Espín A, Calderón A, Lázaro JJ, Jiménez A. The thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin/sulfiredoxin system: current overview on its redox function in plants and regulation by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2945-55. [PMID: 25873657 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the presence of thioredoxin (Trx), peroxiredoxin (Prx), and sulfiredoxin (Srx) has been reported as a component of a redox system involved in the control of dithiol-disulfide exchanges of target proteins, which modulate redox signalling during development and stress adaptation. Plant thiols, and specifically redox state and regulation of thiol groups of cysteinyl residues in proteins and transcription factors, are emerging as key components in the plant response to almost all stress conditions. They function in both redox sensing and signal transduction pathways. Scarce information exists on the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding Trx/Prx and on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional control exercised by these proteins on their putative targets. As another point of control, post-translational regulation of the proteins, such as S-nitrosylation and S-oxidation, is of increasing interest for its effect on protein structure and function. Special attention is given to the involvement of the Trx/Prx/Srx system and its redox state in plant signalling under stress, more specifically under abiotic stress conditions, as an important cue that influences plant yield and growth. This review focuses on the regulation of Trx and Prx through cysteine S-oxidation and/or S-nitrosylation, which affects their functionality. Some examples of redox regulation of transcription factors and Trx- and Prx-related genes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - D Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Ortiz-Espín
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Calderón
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Lázaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, EEZ, CSIC, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - A Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Functional characterization of a mycothiol peroxidase in Corynebacterium glutamicum that uses both mycoredoxin and thioredoxin reducing systems in the response to oxidative stress. Biochem J 2015; 469:45-57. [PMID: 25891483 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified a putative mycothiol peroxidase (MPx) in Corynebacterium glutamicum that shared high sequence similarity to sulfur-containing Gpx (glutathione peroxidase; CysGPx). In the present study, we investigated the MPx function by examining its potential peroxidase activity using different proton donors. The MPx degrades hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides in the presence of either the thioredoxin/Trx reductase (Trx/TrxR) or the mycoredoxin 1/mycothione reductase/mycothiol (Mrx1/Mtr/MSH) regeneration system. Mrx1 and Trx employ different mechanisms in reducing MPx. For the Mrx1 system, the catalytic cycle of MPx involves mycothiolation/demycothiolation on the Cys(36) sulfenic acid via the monothiol reaction mechanism. For the Trx system, the catalytic cycle of MPx involves formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys(36) and Cys(79) that is pivotal to the interaction with Trx. Both the Mrx1 pathway and the Trx pathway are operative in reducing MPx under stress conditions. Expression of mpx markedly enhanced the resistance to various peroxides and decreased protein carbonylation and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The expression of mpx was directly activated by the stress-responsive extracytoplasmic function-σ (ECF-σ) factor [SigH]. Based on these findings, we propose that the C. glutamicum MPx represents a new type of GPx that uses both mycoredoxin and Trx systems for oxidative stress response.
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Kim J, Park W. Oxidative stress response in Pseudomonas putida. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6933-46. [PMID: 24957251 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida is widely distributed in nature and is capable of degrading various organic compounds due to its high metabolic versatility. The survival capacity of P. putida stems from its frequent exposure to various endogenous and exogenous oxidative stresses. Oxidative stress is an unavoidable consequence of interactions with various reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing agents existing in various niches. ROS could facilitate the evolution of bacteria by mutating genomes. Aerobic bacteria maintain defense mechanisms against oxidative stress throughout their evolution. To overcome the detrimental effects of oxidative stress, P. putida has developed defensive cellular systems involving induction of stress-sensing proteins and detoxification enzymes as well as regulation of oxidative stress response networks. Genetic responses to oxidative stress in P. putida differ markedly from those observed in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Two major redox-sensing transcriptional regulators, SoxR and OxyR, are present and functional in the genome of P. putida. However, the novel regulators FinR and HexR control many genes belonging to the E. coli SoxR regulon. Oxidative stress can be generated by exposure to antibiotics, and iron homeostasis in P. putida is crucial for bacterial cell survival during treatment with antibiotics. This review highlights and summarizes current knowledge of oxidative stress in P. putida, as a model soil bacterium, together with recent studies from molecular genetics perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong 5Ga, Seungbuk-Ku, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Chaudhary N, Bhatnagar S, Malik S, Katare DP, Jain SK. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in lung cancer in Wistar rats using NNK as an inducer. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 204:125-34. [PMID: 23692979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the commonest cancers detected worldwide with a high mortality rate. The responsible factors affecting survival include delayed prognosis, and lack of effective treatments. To help improve the disease management, there is a need for better screening and development of specific markers that help in the early diagnosis. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in cancer cells in comparison to their normal counterparts using proteome profiling revealed identification of new biomarkers as therapeutic targets. Therefore, an animal model for lung cancer was developed and monitored by histopathological evaluation. Lung tissue proteins were isolated, solubilized and resolved on 2D gel electrophoresis using broad pH range IPG strips (pH 3-10). Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed 66 proteins to be differentially expressed in cancer tissue as compared to normal. The study identified and characterized three of these proteins, namely peroxiredoxin-6, β-actin and collagen α-1 (VI) as potentially prospective biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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16
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An BC, Lee SS, Lee JT, Park CH, Lee SY, Chung BY. Change in the enzymatic dual function of the peroxiredoxin protein by gamma irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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An BC, Lee SS, Lee JT, Hong SH, Wi SG, Chung BY. Engineering of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin for enhanced stress-tolerance. Mol Cells 2011; 32:257-64. [PMID: 21773675 PMCID: PMC3887637 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-1047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A typical 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx)-like protein (PpPrx) that alternatively acts as a peroxidase or a molecular chaperone in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was previously characterized. The dual functions of PpPrx are regulated by the existence of an additional Cys(112) between the active Cys(51) and Cys(171) residues. In the present study, additional Cys residues (Cys(31), Cys(112), and Cys(192)) were added to PpPrx variants to improve their enzymatic function. The optimal position of the additional Cys residues for the dual functionality was assessed. The peroxidase activities of the S31C and Y192C mutants were increased 3- to 4-fold compared to the wild-type, while the chaperone activity was maintained at > 66% of PpPrx. To investigate whether optimization of the dual functions could enhance stress-tolerance in vivo, a complementation study was performed. The S31C and Y192C mutants showed a much greater tolerance than other variants under a complex condition of heat and oxidative stresses. The optimized dual functions of PpPrx could be adapted for use in bioengineering systems and industries, such as to develop organisms that are more resistant to extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Seung Gon Wi
- Bio-Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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