1
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Xie C, Chen K, Chen Z, Hu Y, Pan L. A Chemo-Mechanically Coupled DNA Origami Clamp Capable of Generating Robust Compression Forces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401396. [PMID: 38973093 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures have been utilized to study biological mechanical processes and construct artificial nanosystems. Many application scenarios necessitate nanodevices able to robustly generate large single molecular forces. However, most existing dynamic DNA nanostructures are triggered by probabilistic hybridization reactions between spatially separated DNA strands, which only non-deterministically generate relatively small compression forces (≈0.4 piconewtons (pN)). Here, an intercalator-triggered dynamic DNA origami nanostructure is developed, where large amounts of local binding reactions between intercalators and the nanostructure collectively lead to the robust generation of relatively large compression forces (≈11.2 pN). Biomolecular loads with different stiffnesses, 3, 4, and 6-helix DNA bundles are efficiently bent by the compression forces. This work provides a robust and powerful force-generation tool for building highly chemo-mechanically coupled molecular machines in synthetic nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xie
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Kuiting Chen
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zhekun Chen
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yingxin Hu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050043, China
| | - Linqiang Pan
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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2
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Nasrin SR, Yamashita T, Ikeguchi M, Torisawa T, Oiwa K, Sada K, Kakugo A. Tensile Stress on Microtubules Facilitates Dynein-Driven Cargo Transport. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38916205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical stress significantly affects the physiological functions of cells, including tissue homeostasis, cytoskeletal alterations, and intracellular transport. As a major cytoskeletal component, microtubules respond to mechanical stimulation by altering their alignment and polymerization dynamics. Previously, we reported that microtubules may modulate cargo transport by one of the microtubule-associated motor proteins, dynein, under compressive mechanical stress. Despite the critical role of tensile stress in many biological functions, how tensile stress on microtubules regulates cargo transport is yet to be unveiled. The present study demonstrates that the low-level tensile stress-induced microtubule deformation facilitates dynein-driven transport. We validate our experimental findings using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation. Our study may provide important implications for developing new therapies for diseases that involve impaired intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Rubaiya Nasrin
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8152, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yamashita
- Department of Physical University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ikeguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takayuki Torisawa
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Oiwa
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sada
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Akira Kakugo
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8152, Japan
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3
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Latypova AA, Yaremenko AV, Pechnikova NA, Minin AS, Zubarev IV. Magnetogenetics as a promising tool for controlling cellular signaling pathways. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:327. [PMID: 38858689 PMCID: PMC11163773 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetogenetics emerges as a transformative approach for modulating cellular signaling pathways through the strategic application of magnetic fields and nanoparticles. This technique leverages the unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to induce mechanical or thermal stimuli within cells, facilitating the activation of mechano- and thermosensitive proteins without the need for traditional ligand-receptor interactions. Unlike traditional modalities that often require invasive interventions and lack precision in targeting specific cellular functions, magnetogenetics offers a non-invasive alternative with the capacity for deep tissue penetration and the potential for targeting a broad spectrum of cellular processes. This review underscores magnetogenetics' broad applicability, from steering stem cell differentiation to manipulating neuronal activity and immune responses, highlighting its potential in regenerative medicine, neuroscience, and cancer therapy. Furthermore, the review explores the challenges and future directions of magnetogenetics, including the development of genetically programmed magnetic nanoparticles and the integration of magnetic field-sensitive cells for in vivo applications. Magnetogenetics stands at the forefront of cellular manipulation technologies, offering novel insights into cellular signaling and opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Latypova
- Institute of Future Biophysics, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - Alexey V Yaremenko
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda A Pechnikova
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Artem S Minin
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620108, Russia
| | - Ilya V Zubarev
- Institute of Future Biophysics, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia.
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4
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Quiroga X, Walani N, Disanza A, Chavero A, Mittens A, Tebar F, Trepat X, Parton RG, Geli MI, Scita G, Arroyo M, Le Roux AL, Roca-Cusachs P. A mechanosensing mechanism controls plasma membrane shape homeostasis at the nanoscale. eLife 2023; 12:e72316. [PMID: 37747150 PMCID: PMC10569792 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As cells migrate and experience forces from their surroundings, they constantly undergo mechanical deformations which reshape their plasma membrane (PM). To maintain homeostasis, cells need to detect and restore such changes, not only in terms of overall PM area and tension as previously described, but also in terms of local, nanoscale topography. Here, we describe a novel phenomenon, by which cells sense and restore mechanically induced PM nanoscale deformations. We show that cell stretch and subsequent compression reshape the PM in a way that generates local membrane evaginations in the 100 nm scale. These evaginations are recognized by I-BAR proteins, which triggers a burst of actin polymerization mediated by Rac1 and Arp2/3. The actin polymerization burst subsequently re-flattens the evagination, completing the mechanochemical feedback loop. Our results demonstrate a new mechanosensing mechanism for PM shape homeostasis, with potential applicability in different physiological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xarxa Quiroga
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nikhil Walani
- Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | - Andrea Disanza
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Albert Chavero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alexandra Mittens
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular OncologyMilanItaly
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Campus Nord, Carrer de Jordi GironaBarcelonaSpain
- Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anabel-Lise Le Roux
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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5
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Zhang Y, Kitagawa T, Furutani-Seiki M, Yoshimura SH. Yes-associated protein regulates cortical actin architecture and dynamics through intracellular translocation of Rho GTPase-activating protein 18. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23161. [PMID: 37638562 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201992r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co-activator that controls the transcription of target genes and modulates the structures of various cytoskeletal architecture as mechanical responses. Although it has been known that YAP regulates actin-regulatory proteins, the detailed molecular mechanism of how they control and coordinate intracellular actin architecture remains elusive. Herein, we aimed to examine the structure and dynamics of intracellular actin architecture from molecular to cellular scales in normal and YAP-knockout (YAP-KO) cells utilizing high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) for live-cell imaging and other microscope-based mechanical manipulation and measurement techniques. YAP-KO Madin-Darby canine kidney cells had a higher density and turnover of actin filaments in the cell cortex and a higher elastic modulus. Laser aberration assay demonstrated that YAP-KO cells were more resistant to damage than normal cells. We also found that Rho GTPase-activating protein 18 (ARHGAP18), a downstream factor of YAP, translocated from the cortex to the edge of sparsely cultured YAP-KO cells. It resulted in high RhoA activity and promotion of actin polymerization in the cell cortex and their reductions at the edge. HS-AFM imaging of live cell edge and a cell-migration assay demonstrated lower membrane dynamics and motility of YAP-KO cells than those of normal cells, suggesting lower actin dynamics at the edge. Together, these results demonstrate that a YAP-dependent pathway changes the intracellular distribution of RhoGAP and modulates actin dynamics in different parts of the cell, providing a mechanistic insight into how a mechano-sensitive transcription cofactor regulates multiple intracellular actin architecture and coordinates mechano-responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Zhang
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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6
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Jeong S, Shin W, Park M, Lee JU, Lim Y, Noh K, Lee JH, Jun YW, Kwak M, Cheon J. Hydrogel Magnetomechanical Actuator Nanoparticles for Wireless Remote Control of Mechanosignaling In Vivo. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:5227-5235. [PMID: 37192537 PMCID: PMC10614426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As a new enabling nanotechnology tool for wireless, target-specific, and long-distance stimulation of mechanoreceptors in vivo, here we present a hydrogel magnetomechanical actuator (h-MMA) nanoparticle. To allow both deep-tissue penetration of input signals and efficient force generation, h-MMA integrates a two-step transduction mechanism that converts magnetic anisotropic energy to thermal energy within its magnetic core (i.e., Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 nanoparticle cluster) and then to mechanical energy to induce the surrounding polymer (i.e., pNiPMAm) shell contraction, finally delivering forces to activate targeted mechanoreceptors. We show that h-MMAs enable on-demand modulation of Notch signaling in both fluorescence reporter cell lines and a xenograft mouse model, demonstrating its utility as a powerful in vivo perturbation approach for mechanobiology interrogation in a minimally invasive and untethered manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Jeong
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookjin Shin
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mansoo Park
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), A dvanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-uk Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Lim
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunwoo Noh
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), A dvanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), A dvanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-wook Jun
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), A dvanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Cancer Comprehensive Center (HDFCCC), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Minsuk Kwak
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), A dvanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), A dvanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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7
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Du R, Li L, Ji J, Fan Y. Receptor-Ligand Binding: Effect of Mechanical Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109062. [PMID: 37240408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaining insight into the in situ receptor-ligand binding is pivotal for revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological and pathological processes and will contribute to drug discovery and biomedical application. An important issue involved is how the receptor-ligand binding responds to mechanical stimuli. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the effect of several representative mechanical factors, such as tension, shear stress, stretch, compression, and substrate stiffness on receptor-ligand binding, wherein the biomedical implications are focused. In addition, we highlight the importance of synergistic development of experimental and computational methods for fully understanding the in situ receptor-ligand binding, and further studies should focus on the coupling effects of these mechanical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotian Du
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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8
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Wang Y, Jin J, Wang HJ, Ju LA. Acoustic Force-Based Cell-Matrix Avidity Measurement in High Throughput. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:95. [PMID: 36671930 PMCID: PMC9855465 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells interacting with the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment is pivotal for tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Cell-ECM adhesion has been intensively studied in cancer biology in the past decades to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the adhesion events and extracellular mechanosensing, as well as develop therapeutic strategies targeting the cell adhesion molecules. Many methods have been established to measure the cell-ECM adhesion strength and correlate it with the metastatic potential of certain cancer types. However, those approaches are either low throughput, not quantitative, or with poor sensitivity and reproducibility. Herein, we developed a novel acoustic force spectroscopy based method to quantify the cell-ECM adhesion strength during adhesion maturation process using the emerging z-Movi® technology. This can be served as a fast, simple, and high-throughput platform for functional assessment of cell adhesion molecules in a highly predictive and reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Jasmine Jin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Haoqing Jerry Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2008, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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9
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Malmi-Kakkada AN, Sinha S, Li X, Thirumalai D. Adhesion strength between cells regulate nonmonotonic growth by a biomechanical feedback mechanism. Biophys J 2022; 121:3719-3729. [PMID: 35505608 PMCID: PMC9617137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We determine how intercellular interactions and mechanical pressure experienced by single cells regulate cell proliferation using a minimal computational model for three-dimensional multicellular spheroid (MCS) growth. We discover that emergent spatial variations in the cell division rate, depending on the location of the cells either at the core or periphery within the MCS, is regulated by intercellular adhesion strength (fad). Varying fad results in nonmonotonic proliferation of cells in the MCS. A biomechanical feedback mechanism coupling the fad and microenvironment-dependent pressure fluctuations relative to a threshold value (pc) determines the onset of a dormant phase, and explains the nonmonotonic proliferation response. Increasing fad from low values enhances cell proliferation because pressure on individual cells is smaller compared with pc. However, at high fad, cells readily become dormant and cannot rearrange effectively in spacetime, leading to arrested cell proliferation. Utilizing our theoretical predictions, we explain experimental data on the impact of adhesion strength on cell proliferation and find good agreement. Our work, which shows that proliferation is regulated by pressure-adhesion feedback mechanism, may be a general feature of multicellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumit Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - D Thirumalai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
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10
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From organ-on-chip to body-on-chip: The next generation of microfluidics platforms for in vitro drug efficacy and toxicity testing. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:41-91. [PMID: 35094781 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The high failure rate in drug development is often attributed to the lack of accurate pre-clinical models that may lead to false discoveries and inconclusive data when the compounds are eventually tested in clinical phase. With the evolution of cell culture technologies, drug testing systems have widely improved, and today, with the emergence of microfluidics devices, drug screening seems to be at the dawn of an important revolution. An organ-on-chip allows the culture of living cells in continuously perfused microchambers to reproduce physiological functions of a particular tissue or organ. The advantages of such systems are not only their ability to recapitulate the complex biochemical interactions between different human cell types but also to incorporate physical forces, including shear stress and mechanical stretching or compression. To improve this model, and to reproduce the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination process of an exogenous compound, organ-on-chips can even be linked fluidically to mimic physiological interactions between different organs, leading to the development of body-on-chips. Although these technologies are still at a young age and need to address a certain number of limitations, they already demonstrated their relevance to study the effect of drugs or toxins on organs, displaying a similar response to what is observed in vivo. The purpose of this review is to present the evolution from organ-on-chip to body-on-chip, examine their current use for drug testing and discuss their advantages and future challenges they will face in order to become an essential pillar of pharmaceutical research.
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11
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Sutlive J, Xiu H, Chen Y, Gou K, Xiong F, Guo M, Chen Z. Generation, Transmission, and Regulation of Mechanical Forces in Embryonic Morphogenesis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103466. [PMID: 34837328 PMCID: PMC8831476 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic morphogenesis is a biological process which depicts shape forming of tissues and organs during development. Unveiling the roles of mechanical forces generated, transmitted, and regulated in cells and tissues through these processes is key to understanding the biophysical mechanisms governing morphogenesis. To this end, it is imperative to measure, simulate, and predict the regulation and control of these mechanical forces during morphogenesis. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances on mechanical properties of cells and tissues, generation of mechanical forces in cells and tissues, the transmission processes of these generated forces during cells and tissues, the tools and methods used to measure and predict these mechanical forces in vivo, in vitro, or in silico, and to better understand the corresponding regulation and control of generated forces. Understanding the biomechanics and mechanobiology of morphogenesis will not only shed light on the fundamental physical mechanisms underlying these concerted biological processes during normal development, but also uncover new information that will benefit biomedical research in preventing and treating congenital defects or tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sutlive
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Haning Xiu
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Kun Gou
- Department of Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224
| | - Fengzhu Xiong
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Zi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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12
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Boghdady CM, Kalashnikov N, Mok S, McCaffrey L, Moraes C. Revisiting tissue tensegrity: Biomaterial-based approaches to measure forces across length scales. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041501. [PMID: 34632250 PMCID: PMC8487350 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-generated forces play a foundational role in tissue dynamics and homeostasis and are critically important in several biological processes, including cell migration, wound healing, morphogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Quantifying such forces in vivo is technically challenging and requires novel strategies that capture mechanical information across molecular, cellular, and tissue length scales, while allowing these studies to be performed in physiologically realistic biological models. Advanced biomaterials can be designed to non-destructively measure these stresses in vitro, and here, we review mechanical characterizations and force-sensing biomaterial-based technologies to provide insight into the mechanical nature of tissue processes. We specifically and uniquely focus on the use of these techniques to identify characteristics of cell and tissue "tensegrity:" the hierarchical and modular interplay between tension and compression that provide biological tissues with remarkable mechanical properties and behaviors. Based on these observed patterns, we highlight and discuss the emerging role of tensegrity at multiple length scales in tissue dynamics from homeostasis, to morphogenesis, to pathological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita Kalashnikov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Stephanie Mok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
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Yang Y, Huang Y, Liu H, Zheng Y, Jia L, Li W. Compressive force regulates cementoblast migration via downregulation of autophagy. J Periodontol 2021; 92:128-138. [PMID: 34231875 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration of cementoblasts to resorption lacunae is the foundation for repairing root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. Previous studies reported that autophagy was activated by compression in periodontal ligament cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the migration of cementoblasts and determine whether autophagy is involved in the regulation of cementoblast migration under compressive force. METHODS Flow cytometry was employed to examine the apoptosis of murine cementoblasts (OCCM-30) at different compression times (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours) and magnitudes (0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/cm2 ). Cell proliferation was examined using the CCK-8 method. Wound healing migration assays and transwell migration assays were performed to compare the migration of cementoblasts. Chloroquine (CQ) and rapamycin were used to inhibit and activate autophagy, respectively. The level of autophagy was determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Cell apoptosis and proliferation did not significantly change in OCCM-30 cells under mechanical compression at magnitude of 1.5 g/cm2 for 12 hours. However, the migration of cementoblasts was significantly inhibited after the application of compressive force. MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13 mRNA expression was decreased, and MMP9 and MMP13 protein expression and secretion level were also decreased. Further, autophagic activity was inhibited in cementoblasts under compressive force. Treatment with chloroquine reduced the cellular migration, and rapamycin partially relieved the inhibition of cementoblast migration induced by the compressive force. MMP9 and MMP13 mRNA expression, protein expression, and secretion levels showed a similar trend. CONCLUSION Migration of OCCM-30 cells was inhibited under compressive force partially dependent on the inhibition of MMPs, which was mediated by downregulation of autophagy. The findings provide new insights into the role of autophagy in biological behaviors of cementoblasts under compressive force and a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing external root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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2019-A year in Biophysical Reviews. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:833-839. [PMID: 31741173 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Battle AR, Norton RS, Böcking T, Noji H, Kim KK, Nagayama K. Editorial: Special issue of Biophysical Reviews dedicated to the joint 10th Asian Biophysics Association Symposium and 42nd Australian Society for Biophysics Meeting, Melbourne, Australia, December 2-6, 2018. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:245-247. [PMID: 31115863 PMCID: PMC6557946 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Battle
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute and Institute for Biomedical Innovation (QUT), 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia.
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Till Böcking
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hiroyuki Noji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Kuniaki Nagayama
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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