1
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Constant T, Dobson FS, Habold C, Giroud S. Evolutionary trade-offs in dormancy phenology. eLife 2024; 12:RP89644. [PMID: 38669069 PMCID: PMC11052570 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal animal dormancy is widely interpreted as a physiological response for surviving energetic challenges during the harshest times of the year (the physiological constraint hypothesis). However, there are other mutually non-exclusive hypotheses to explain the timing of animal dormancy, that is, entry into and emergence from hibernation (i.e. dormancy phenology). Survival advantages of dormancy that have been proposed are reduced risks of predation and competition (the 'life-history' hypothesis), but comparative tests across animal species are few. Using the phylogenetic comparative method applied to more than 20 hibernating mammalian species, we found support for both hypotheses as explanations for the phenology of dormancy. In accordance with the life-history hypotheses, sex differences in hibernation emergence and immergence were favored by the sex difference in reproductive effort. In addition, physiological constraint may influence the trade-off between survival and reproduction such that low temperatures and precipitation, as well as smaller body mass, influence sex differences in phenology. We also compiled initial evidence that ectotherm dormancy may be (1) less temperature dependent than previously thought and (2) associated with trade-offs consistent with the life-history hypothesis. Thus, dormancy during non-life-threatening periods that are unfavorable for reproduction may be more widespread than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Constant
- UMR 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert CURIEN, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - F Stephen Dobson
- UMR 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert CURIEN, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn UniversityAuburnUnited States
| | - Caroline Habold
- UMR 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert CURIEN, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
- Energetic Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan UniversityMarquetteUnited States
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2
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Naik D, Rao RSP, Kunte K, Mustak MS. Seasonal dynamics and polyphenism of butterfly communities in the coastal plains of central Western Ghats, India. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Hill GM, Kawahara AY, Daniels JC, Bateman CC, Scheffers BR. Climate change effects on animal ecology: butterflies and moths as a case study. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2113-2126. [PMID: 34056827 PMCID: PMC8518917 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the most studied, diverse, and widespread animal groups, making them an ideal model for climate change research. They are a particularly informative model for studying the effects of climate change on species ecology because they are ectotherms that thermoregulate with a suite of physiological, behavioural, and phenotypic traits. While some species have been negatively impacted by climatic disturbances, others have prospered, largely in accordance with their diversity in life-history traits. Here we take advantage of a large repertoire of studies on butterflies and moths to provide a review of the many ways in which climate change is impacting insects, animals, and ecosystems. By studying these climate-based impacts on ecological processes of Lepidoptera, we propose appropriate strategies for species conservation and habitat management broadly across animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geena M. Hill
- Florida Natural Areas InventoryFlorida State University1018 Thomasville Rd., #200‐CTallahasseeFL323303U.S.A.
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida3215 Hull RdGainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Florida876 Newell Dr.GainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
| | - Jaret C. Daniels
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida3215 Hull RdGainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of Florida1881 Natural Area Dr.GainesvilleFL32608U.S.A.
| | - Craig C. Bateman
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida3215 Hull RdGainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
| | - Brett R. Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of Florida110 Newins‐Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430GainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
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4
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Ramos RR, Francini RB, Habib MEEDM, Freitas AVL. Seasonal Patterns of Host Plant Use in an Assemblage of Heliconiini Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in a Neotropical forest. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:358-365. [PMID: 33683560 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insect-plant interactions involve physiological adaptations by insects to secondary metabolic compounds synthetized by host plants, which are considered essential for the determination of resources partitioning of these insects. Data on such phenomena are important to understand evolutionary and ecological processes. However, climatic factors also seem to play a key role in affecting these patterns. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of seasonal variation on patterns of host plant use (Passifloraceae) by Heliconiini butterflies (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) at a Neotropical site in Southeastern Brazil. A total of 12 species of Heliconiini were reported, with nine of them being resident and using five species of Passiflora (Passifloraceae) as larval host plants. Three host plant species accounted for 97% of the total use, and the use varied along the seasons highlighting the plasticity boundaries in Heliconiini and possible limiting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Rogner Ramos
- Depto de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ronaldo Bastos Francini
- Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Lab de Biologia da Conservação, Univ Católica de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | | | - André Victor Lucci Freitas
- Depto de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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5
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Patterson TA, Grundel R, Dzurisin JDK, Knutson RL, Hellmann JJ. Evidence of an extreme weather‐induced phenological mismatch and a local extirpation of the endangered Karner blue butterfly. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph Grundel
- Great Lakes Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey Chesterton Indiana
| | - Jason D. K. Dzurisin
- Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Randy L. Knutson
- National Park Service, Indiana Dunes National Park Porter Indiana
| | - Jessica J. Hellmann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota
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6
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Odell EH, Stork NE, Kitching RL. Lianas as a food resource for herbivorous insects: a comparison with trees. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1416-1429. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica H. Odell
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and School of Environment and ScienceGriffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Nigel E. Stork
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and School of Environment and ScienceGriffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Roger L. Kitching
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and School of Environment and ScienceGriffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
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7
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Park DS, Breckheimer I, Williams AC, Law E, Ellison AM, Davis CC. Herbarium specimens reveal substantial and unexpected variation in phenological sensitivity across the eastern United States. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:20170394. [PMID: 30455212 PMCID: PMC6282088 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenology is a key biological trait that can determine an organism's survival and provides one of the clearest indicators of the effects of recent climatic change. Long time-series observations of plant phenology collected at continental scales could clarify latitudinal and regional patterns of plant responses and illuminate drivers of that variation, but few such datasets exist. Here, we use the web tool CrowdCurio to crowdsource phenological data from over 7000 herbarium specimens representing 30 diverse flowering plant species distributed across the eastern United States. Our results, spanning 120 years and generated from over 2000 crowdsourcers, illustrate numerous aspects of continental-scale plant reproductive phenology. First, they support prior studies that found plant reproductive phenology significantly advances in response to warming, especially for early-flowering species. Second, they reveal that fruiting in populations from warmer, lower latitudes is significantly more phenologically sensitive to temperature than that for populations from colder, higher-latitude regions. Last, we found that variation in phenological sensitivities to climate within species between regions was of similar magnitude to variation between species. Overall, our results suggest that phenological responses to anthropogenic climate change will be heterogeneous within communities and across regions, with large amounts of regional variability driven by local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity and differences in species assemblages. As millions of imaged herbarium specimens become available online, they will play an increasingly critical role in revealing large-scale patterns within assemblages and across continents that ultimately can improve forecasts of the impacts of climatic change on the structure and function of ecosystems.This article is part of the theme issue 'Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Park
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ian Breckheimer
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alex C Williams
- David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Edith Law
- David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Aaron M Ellison
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA 01366, USA
| | - Charles C Davis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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8
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Toftegaard T, Posledovich D, Navarro‐Cano JA, Wiklund C, Gotthard K, Ehrlén J. Butterfly–host plant synchrony determines patterns of host use across years and regions. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tenna Toftegaard
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm Univ. SE106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Diana Posledovich
- Dept of Zoology Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
- Bolin Centre of Climate Research Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
| | - José A. Navarro‐Cano
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm Univ. SE106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- Desertification Research Centre (CSIC‐UV‐GV) Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | | | - Karl Gotthard
- Dept of Zoology Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
- Bolin Centre of Climate Research Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Bolin Centre of Climate Research Stockholm Univ. Stockholm Sweden
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9
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Klockmann M, Wallmeyer L, Fischer K. Variation in adult stress resistance does not explain vulnerability to climate change in copper butterflies. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:894-904. [PMID: 28294575 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. However, although many species clearly suffer from ongoing climate change, others benefit from it, for example, by showing range expansions. However, which specific features determine a species' vulnerability to climate change? Phenotypic plasticity, which has been described as the first line of defence against environmental change, may be of utmost importance here. Against this background, we here compare plasticity in stress tolerance in 3 copper butterfly species, which differ arguably in their vulnerability to climate change. Specifically, we investigated heat, cold and desiccation resistance after acclimatization to different temperatures in the adult stage. We demonstrate that acclimation at a higher temperature increased heat but decreased cold tolerance and desiccation resistance. Contrary to our predictions, species did not show pronounced variation in stress resistance, though plastic capacities in temperature stress resistance did vary across species. Overall, our results seemed to reflect population-rather than species-specific patterns. We conclude that the geographical origin of the populations used should be considered even in comparative studies. However, our results suggest that, in the 3 species studied here, vulnerability to climate change is not in the first place determined by stress resistance in the adult stage. As entomological studies focus all too often on adults only, we argue that more research effort should be dedicated to other developmental stages when trying to understand insect responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klockmann
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leonard Wallmeyer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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10
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Posledovich D, Toftegaard T, Wiklund C, Ehrlén J, Gotthard K. Phenological synchrony between a butterfly and its host plants: Experimental test of effects of spring temperature. J Anim Ecol 2017; 87:150-161. [PMID: 29048758 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Climate-driven changes in the relative phenologies of interacting species may potentially alter the outcome of species interactions. Phenotypic plasticity is expected to be important for short-term response to new climate conditions, and differences between species in plasticity are likely to influence their temporal overlap and interaction patterns. As reaction norms of interacting species may be locally adapted, any such climate-induced change in interaction patterns may vary among localities. However, consequences of spatial variation in plastic responses for species interactions are understudied. We experimentally explored how temperature affected synchrony between spring emergence of a butterfly, Anthocharis cardamines, and onset of flowering of five of its host plant species across a latitudinal gradient. We also studied potential effects on synchrony if climate-driven northward expansions would be faster in the butterflies than in host plants. Lastly, to assess how changes in synchrony influence host use we carried out an experiment to examine the importance of the developmental stage of plant reproductive structures for butterfly oviposition preference. In southern locations, the butterflies were well-synchronized with the majority of their local host plant species across temperatures, suggesting that thermal plasticity in butterfly development matches oviposition to host plant development and that thermal reaction norms of insects and plants result in similar advancement of spring phenology in response to warming. In the most northern region, however, relative phenology between the butterfly and two of its host plant species changed with increased temperature. We also show that the developmental stage of plants was important for egg-laying, and conclude that temperature-induced changes in synchrony in the northernmost region are likely to lead to shifts in host use in A. cardamines if spring temperatures become warmer. Northern expansion of butterfly populations might possibly have a positive effect on keeping up with host plant phenology with more northern host plant populations. Considering that the majority of insect herbivores exploit multiple plant species differing in their phenological response to spring temperatures, temperature-induced changes in synchrony might lead to shifts in host use and changes in species interactions in many temperate communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tenna Toftegaard
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Gotthard
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Salis L, van den Hoorn E, Beersma DGM, Hut RA, Visser ME. Photoperiodic cues regulate phenological carry‐over effects in an herbivorous insect. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Salis
- Department of Animal EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Chronobiology UnitGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Erik van den Hoorn
- Department of Animal EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Domien G. M. Beersma
- Chronobiology UnitGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Roelof A. Hut
- Chronobiology UnitGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marcel E. Visser
- Department of Animal EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Chronobiology UnitGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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12
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Appelqvist C, Havenhand JN. A phenological shift in the time of recruitment of the shipworm, Teredo navalis L., mirrors marine climate change. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3862-70. [PMID: 27516852 PMCID: PMC4972216 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
For many species, seasonal changes in key environmental variables such as food availability, light, and temperature drive the timing ("phenology") of major life-history events. Extensive evidence from terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats shows that global warming is changing the timings of many biological events; however, few of these studies have investigated the effects of climate change on the phenology of larval recruitment in marine invertebrates. Here, we studied temperature-related phenological shifts in the breeding season of the shipworm Teredo navalis (Mollusca, Bivalvia). We compared data for the recruitment period of T. navalis along the Swedish west coast during 2004-2006 with similar data from 1971-1973, and related differences in recruitment timing to changes in sea surface temperature over the same period. We found no significant shift in the timing of onset of recruitment over this ~30-year time span, but the end of recruitment was an average of 26 days later in recent years, leading to significantly longer recruitment periods. These changes correlated strongly with increased sea surface temperatures and coincided with published thermal tolerances for reproduction in T. navalis. Our findings are broadly comparable with other reports of phenological shifts in marine species, and suggest that warmer sea surface temperatures are increasing the likelihood of successful subannual reproduction and intensifying recruitment of T. navalis in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Appelqvist
- Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Infrastructure- Tjärnö University of Gothenburg SE-452 96 Strömstad Sweden
| | - Jonathan N Havenhand
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö University of Gothenburg SE-452 96 Strömstad Sweden
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13
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Stålhandske S, Olofsson M, Gotthard K, Ehrlén J, Wiklund C, Leimar O. Phenological matching rather than genetic variation in host preference underlies geographical variation in host plants used by orange tip butterflies. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Olofsson
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Karl Gotthard
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Christer Wiklund
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Olof Leimar
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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14
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König MAE, Wiklund C, Ehrlén J. Butterfly oviposition preference is not related to larval performance on a polyploid herb. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:2781-9. [PMID: 27217940 PMCID: PMC4863005 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The preference–performance hypothesis predicts that female insects maximize their fitness by utilizing host plants which are associated with high larval performance. Still, studies with several insect species have failed to find a positive correlation between oviposition preference and larval performance. In the present study, we experimentally investigated the relationship between oviposition preferences and larval performance in the butterfly Anthocharis cardamines. Preferences were assessed using both cage experiments and field data on the proportion of host plant individuals utilized in natural populations. Larval performance was experimentally investigated using larvae descending from 419 oviposition events by 21 females on plants from 51 populations of two ploidy types of the perennial herb Cardamine pratensis. Neither ploidy type nor population identity influenced egg survival or larval development, but increased plant inflorescence size resulted in a larger final larval size. There was no correlation between female oviposition preference and egg survival or larval development under controlled conditions. Moreover, variation in larval performance among populations under controlled conditions was not correlated with the proportion of host plants utilized in the field. Lastly, first instar larvae added to plants rejected for oviposition by butterfly females during the preference experiment performed equally well as larvae growing on plants chosen for oviposition. The lack of a correlation between larval performance and oviposition preference for A. cardamines under both experimental and natural settings suggests that female host choice does not maximize the fitness of the individual offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin A E König
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University SE106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Christer Wiklund
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University SE106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University SE106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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15
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Toftegaard T, Posledovich D, Navarro-Cano JA, Wiklund C, Gotthard K, Ehrlén J. Variation in plant thermal reaction norms along a latitudinal gradient - more than adaptation to season length. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tenna Toftegaard
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm Univ.; SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - José A. Navarro-Cano
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm Univ.; SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- Desertification Research Centre (CSIC-UV-GV); ES-46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
| | | | - Karl Gotthard
- Dept of Zoology; Stockholm Univ.; SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm Univ.; SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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16
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Posledovich D, Toftegaard T, Wiklund C, Ehrlén J, Gotthard K. The developmental race between maturing host plants and their butterfly herbivore - the influence of phenological matching and temperature. J Anim Ecol 2015; 84:1690-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tenna Toftegaard
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Karl Gotthard
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
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17
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Cousins SAO, Auffret AG, Lindgren J, Tränk L. Regional-scale land-cover change during the 20th century and its consequences for biodiversity. AMBIO 2015; 44 Suppl 1:S17-27. [PMID: 25576277 PMCID: PMC4288995 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Extensive changes in land cover during the 20th century are known to have had detrimental effects on biodiversity in rural landscapes, but the magnitude of change and their ecological effects are not well known on regional scales. We digitized historical maps from the beginning of the 20th century over a 1652 km(2) study area in southeastern Sweden, comparing it to modern-day land cover with a focus on valuable habitat types. Semi-natural grassland cover decreased by over 96 % in the study area, being largely lost to afforestation and silviculture. Grasslands on finer soils were more likely to be converted into modern grassland or arable fields. However, in addition to remaining semi-natural grassland, today's valuable deciduous forest and wetland habitats were mostly grazed grassland in 1900. An analysis of the landscape-level biodiversity revealed that plant species richness was generally more related to the modern landscape, with grazing management being a positive influence on species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. O. Cousins
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alistair G. Auffret
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Lindgren
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louise Tränk
- County Administrative Board of Södermanland, Stora torget 13, 611 32 Nyköping, Sweden
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18
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Elmhagen B, Eriksson O, Lindborg R. Implications of climate and land-use change for landscape processes, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and governance. AMBIO 2015; 44 Suppl 1:S1-S5. [PMID: 25576275 PMCID: PMC4288998 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This introduction to the Special Issue summarizes the results of 14 scientific articles from the interdisciplinary research program Ekoklim at Stockholm University, Sweden. In this program, we investigate effects of changing climate and land use on landscape processes, biodiversity, and ecosystem services, and analyze issues related to adaptive governance in the face of climate and land-use change. We not only have a research focus on the 22 650 km(2) Norrström catchment surrounding lake Mälaren in south-central Sweden, but we also conduct research in other Swedish regions. The articles presented here show complex interactions between multiple drivers of change, as well as feedback processes at different spatiotemporal scales. Thus, the Ekoklim program highlights and deals with issues relevant for the future challenges society will face when land-use change interacts with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Elmhagen
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Regina Lindborg
- Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Microrefugia are sites that support populations of species when their ranges contract during unfavorable climate episodes. Here, we review and discuss two aspects relevant for microrefugia. First, distributions of different species are influenced by different climatic variables. Second, climatic variables differ in the degree of local decoupling from the regional climate. Based on this, we suggest that only species limited by climatic conditions decoupled from the regional climate can benefit from microrefugia. We argue that this restriction has received little attention in spite of its importance for microrefugia as a mechanism for species resilience (the survival of unfavorable episodes and subsequent range expansion). Presence of microrefugia will depend on both the responses of individual species to local climatic variation and how climate-forcing factors shape the correlation between local and regional climate across space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eric Meineri
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Latitudinal variation in diapause duration and post-winter development in two pierid butterflies in relation to phenological specialization. Oecologia 2014; 177:181-90. [PMID: 25362581 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Diapause plays a central role in insect life cycles by allowing survival during adverse seasonal conditions as well as synchronizing life cycles with the period of mate and food availability. Seasonal timing is expected to be particularly important for species that are dependent on resources available during a short time window-so-called phenological specialists-and latitudinal clines in seasonality are expected to favor local adaptation in phenological timing. However, to what degree latitudinal variation in diapause dynamics and post-winter development due to such local adaptation is influenced by the degree of phenological specialization is not well known. We experimentally studied two pierid butterfly species and found that the phenological specialist Anthocharis cardamines had shorter diapause duration than the phenological generalist Pieris napi along a latitudinal gradient in Sweden. Moreover, diapause duration increased with latitude in P. napi but not in A. cardamines. Sensitivity of the two species to winter thermal conditions also differed; additional cold temperature during the winter period shortened diapause duration for P. napi pupae but not for A. cardamines pupae. In both species, post-winter pupal development was faster after longer periods of cold conditions, and more southern populations developed faster than northern populations. Post-winter development was also invariably faster at higher temperatures in both species. We argue that the observed differences in diapause dynamics between the two species might be explained by the difference in phenological specialization that influences the costs of breaking diapause too early in the season.
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