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Marquez-Curtis LA, Elliott JAW. Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various tissues: Biological, clinical and cryopreservation aspects: Update from 2015 review. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104856. [PMID: 38340887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have become one of the most investigated and applied cells for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. In this update of our review published in 2015, we show that studies continue to abound regarding the characterization of MSCs to distinguish them from other similar cell types, the discovery of new tissue sources of MSCs, and the confirmation of their properties and functions that render them suitable as a therapeutic. Because cryopreservation is widely recognized as the only technology that would enable the on-demand availability of MSCs, here we show that although the traditional method of cryopreserving cells by slow cooling in the presence of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) continues to be used by many, several novel MSC cryopreservation approaches have emerged. As in our previous review, we conclude from these recent reports that viable and functional MSCs from diverse tissues can be recovered after cryopreservation using a variety of cryoprotectants, freezing protocols, storage temperatures, and periods of storage. We also show that for logistical reasons there are now more studies devoted to the cryopreservation of tissues from which MSCs are derived. A new topic included in this review covers the application in COVID-19 of MSCs arising from their immunomodulatory and antiviral properties. Due to the inherent heterogeneity in MSC populations from different sources there is still no standardized procedure for their isolation, identification, functional characterization, cryopreservation, and route of administration, and not likely to be a "one-size-fits-all" approach in their applications in cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Marquez-Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1H9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1C9
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1H9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1C9.
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2
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Liu Y, Zhang M, Wang C, Chen H, Su D, Yang C, Tao Y, Lv X, Zhou Z, Li J, Liao Y, You J, Wang Z, Cheng F, Yang R. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Fetal Wound Healing Features Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13696-13713. [PMID: 38751164 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hucMSC-EVs) in wound healing is promising, yet a comprehensive understanding of how fibroblasts and keratinocytes respond to this treatment remains limited. This study utilizes single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the impact of hucMSC-EVs on the cutaneous wound microenvironment in mice. Through rigorous single-cell analyses, we unveil the emergence of hucMSC-EV-induced hematopoietic fibroblasts and MMP13+ fibroblasts. Notably, MMP13+ fibroblasts exhibit fetal-like expressions of MMP13, MMP9, and HAS1, accompanied by heightened migrasome activity. Activation of MMP13+ fibroblasts is orchestrated by a distinctive PIEZO1-calcium-HIF1α-VEGF-MMP13 pathway, validated through murine models and dermal fibroblast assays. Organotypic culture assays further affirm that these activated fibroblasts induce keratinocyte migration via MMP13-LRP1 interactions. This study significantly contributes to our understanding of fibroblast heterogeneities as well as intercellular interactions in wound healing and identifies hucMSC-EV-induced hematopoietic fibroblasts as potential targets for reprogramming. The therapeutic targets presented by these fibroblasts offer exciting prospects for advancing wound healing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 100039 Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100010 Beijing, China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing 100063, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Shenzhen, China
| | - Dandan Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yuandong Tao
- Department of Pediatric Urology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100010 Beijing, China
| | - Xuexue Lv
- Department of Pediatric Urology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100010 Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing 100063, China
| | - Jiangbo Li
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing 100063, China
| | - Yong Liao
- Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100010 Beijing, China
| | - Jia You
- Biomedical Treatment Center, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100010 Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxu Wang
- Biomedical Treatment Center, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100010 Beijing, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100010 Beijing, China
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Horan A, Warreth S, Hervig T, Waters A. The expanding role of blood and tissue establishments in the development of advanced therapy medicinal products. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:524-530. [PMID: 38441513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The relationship between blood establishments and advanced cellular therapies is evident in several European countries, with some involved in research and development and/or in manufacturing. The aim of the present study was to understand the advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) infrastructural, regulatory and logistic requirements needed for the Irish Blood Transfusion Service to support advanced therapeutics in Ireland. METHODS An online survey consisting of 13 questions was distributed in a targeted manner to the identified ATMP stakeholders in Ireland, namely those working in industry, health care, regulatory agencies or education. Subject matter experts in the field were approached and interviewed to gain further insight into the relationship between blood and tissue establishments (BTEs) and ATMPs, to explore the advantages these institutions have in development and to highlight potential challenges for implementation. RESULTS In total, 84.9% of survey respondents stated that BTEs have a role in the development of advanced therapeutics. Key BTE services identified as applicable to the ATMP sector from both surveys and interviews include the provision of starting materials for research and manufacturing, donor management, use of existing quality and traceability frameworks, product logistic strategies and Good Manufacturing Practice. Challenges for BTE expansion into the sector currently include high costs associated with ATMPs, lack of expertise in these therapies, limited therapeutic populations and no national ATMP strategic plan for Ireland. CONCLUSIONS Blood establishments have services and expertise that can be extended into the advanced therapy sector. The existing knowledge and skill base of BTEs in Ireland should be leveraged to accelerate the development of ATMP strategies for industry and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Horan
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shada Warreth
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Co., Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tor Hervig
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Allison Waters
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, Dublin, Ireland; UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Social Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Strzelec A, Gawlik-Rzemieniewska N, Klima A, Panek K, Helbig G. The Impact of Cryopreservation on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment and Post-transplant Outcome During the COVID-19 Pandemic. In Vivo 2024; 38:1271-1277. [PMID: 38688614 PMCID: PMC11059856 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the current management of allotransplanted patients in whom fresh hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were replaced by cryopreserved ones. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy and safety of cryopreserved HSCs when compared with the fresh ones. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 254 allogeneic stem cell transplantations (HSCT) procedures performed between 2020-2021 included the following donors: matched related (MRD; n=68), matched unrelated (MUD; n=148) and haploidentical (HID; n=38). 50% of patients (non-cryo group) received fresh grafts, whereas the remaining patients (cryo group) were transplanted with cryopreserved cells. RESULTS No differences in terms of median days to neutrophil [MRD/MUD/HID cryo- and non-cryo groups: 17 vs. 16 (p=0.27), 19 vs. 18 (p=0.83), 22 vs. 22 (p=0.83) days, respectively] and platelet [MRD/MUD/HID cryo- and non-cryo groups: 14 vs. 14 (p=0.25), 17 vs. 17 (p=0.33), 21 vs. 19 (p=0.36) days, respectively] engraftments were demonstrated. Among MUD graft recipients, platelet engraftment rates were 81% in the cryo- and 96% in the non-cryo group (p=0.01). OS rates were comparable at 1 year after HSCT between MRD/MUD/HID cryo- and non-cryo groups: 53% vs. 60% (p=0.54), 60% vs. 66% (p=0.5), 50% vs. 41% (p=0.56), respectively. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, cryopreserved HSCs did not have a negative impact on median engraftment time and OS when compared to fresh HSCs. In the MUD group, platelet engraftment rate was lower in cryopreserved HSC recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Strzelec
- Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Gawlik-Rzemieniewska
- Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Klima
- Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Panek
- Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Helbig
- Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Katowice, Poland
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Hetta HF, Elsaghir A, Sijercic VC, Akhtar MS, Gad SA, Moses A, Zeleke MS, Alanazi FE, Ahmed AK, Ramadan YN. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in diabetic foot ulcer: An updated comprehensive review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2036. [PMID: 38650719 PMCID: PMC11033295 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes has evolved into a worldwide public health issue. One of the most serious complications of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), which frequently creates a significant financial strain on patients and lowers their quality of life. Up until now, there has been no curative therapy for DFU, only symptomatic relief or an interruption in the disease's progression. Recent studies have focused attention on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which provide innovative and potential treatment candidates for several illnesses as they can differentiate into various cell types. They are mostly extracted from the placenta, adipose tissue, umbilical cord (UC), and bone marrow (BM). Regardless of their origin, they show comparable features and small deviations. Our goal is to investigate MSCs' therapeutic effects, application obstacles, and patient benefit strategies for DFU therapy. Methodology A comprehensive search was conducted using specific keywords relating to DFU, MSCs, and connected topics in the databases of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The main focus of the selection criteria was on English-language literature that explored the relationship between DFU, MSCs, and related factors. Results and Discussion Numerous studies are being conducted and have demonstrated that MSCs can induce re-epithelialization and angiogenesis, decrease inflammation, contribute to immunological modulation, and subsequently promote DFU healing, making them a promising approach to treating DFU. This review article provides a general snapshot of DFU (including clinical presentation, risk factors and etiopathogenesis, and conventional treatment) and discusses the clinical progress of MSCs in the management of DFU, taking into consideration the side effects and challenges during the application of MSCs and how to overcome these challenges to achieve maximum benefits. Conclusion The incorporation of MSCs in the management of DFU highlights their potential as a feasible therapeutic strategy. Establishing a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between DFU pathophysiology, MSC therapies, and related obstacles is essential for optimizing therapy outcomes and maximizing patient benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal F. Hetta
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative MedicineFaculty of Pharmacy, University of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | - Alaa Elsaghir
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Pharmacy, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | | | | | - Sayed A. Gad
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | | | - Mahlet S. Zeleke
- Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Kotebe Metropolitan UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Fawaz E. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of Pharmacy, University of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Yasmin N. Ramadan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Pharmacy, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
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Gil-Chinchilla JI, Bueno C, Martínez CM, Ferrández-Múrtula A, García-Hernández AM, Blanquer M, Molina-Molina M, Zapata AG, Sackstein R, Moraleda JM, García-Bernal D. Optimizing cryopreservation conditions for use of fucosylated human mesenchymal stromal cells in anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385691. [PMID: 38605955 PMCID: PMC11007032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are being increasingly used in cell-based therapies due to their broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Intravascularly-administered MSCs do not efficiently migrate to sites of inflammation/immunopathology, but this shortfall has been overcome by cell surface enzymatic fucosylation to engender expression of the potent E-selectin ligand HCELL. In applications of cell-based therapies, cryopreservation enables stability in both storage and transport of the produced cells from the manufacturing facility to the point of care. However, it has been reported that cryopreservation and thawing dampens their immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory activity even after a reactivation/reconditioning step. To address this issue, we employed a variety of methods to cryopreserve and thaw fucosylated human MSCs derived from either bone marrow or adipose tissue sources. We then evaluated their immunosuppressive properties, cell viability, morphology, proliferation kinetics, immunophenotype, senescence, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Our studies provide new insights into the immunobiology of cryopreserved and thawed MSCs and offer a readily applicable approach to optimize the use of fucosylated human allogeneic MSCs as immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús I. Gil-Chinchilla
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Bueno
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Martínez
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Ferrández-Múrtula
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana M. García-Hernández
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mar Molina-Molina
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, and the Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jose M. Moraleda
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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7
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Stevens HY, Jimenez AC, Wang B, Li Y, Selvam S, Bowles-Welch AC. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Functional Analysis-Macrophage Activation and Polarization Assays. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4957. [PMID: 38841292 PMCID: PMC10958173 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies have evolved to become a key component of regenerative medicine approaches to human pathologies. Exogenous stem cell transplantation takes advantage of the potential of stem cells to self-renew, differentiate, home to sites of injury, and sufficiently evade the immune system to remain viable for the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Common to many pathologies is the exacerbation of inflammation at the injury site by proinflammatory macrophages. An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can influence the immunophenotype and function of myeloid lineage cells to promote therapeutic effects. Understanding the degree to which MSCs can modulate the phenotype of macrophages within an inflammatory environment is of interest when considering strategies for targeted cell therapies. There is a critical need for potency assays to elucidate these intercellular interactions in vitro and provide insight into potential mechanisms of action attributable to the immunomodulatory and polarizing capacities of MSCs, as well as other cells with immunomodulatory potential. However, the complexity of the responses, in terms of cell phenotypes and characteristics, timing of these interactions, and the degree to which cell contact is involved, have made the study of these interactions challenging. To provide a research tool to study the direct interactions between MSCs and macrophages, we developed a potency assay that directly co-cultures MSCs with naïve macrophages under proinflammatory conditions. Using this assay, we demonstrated changes in the macrophage secretome and phenotype, which can be used to evaluate the abilities of the cell samples to influence the cell microenvironment. These results suggest the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on macrophages while revealing key cytokines and phenotypic changes that may inform their efficacy as potential cellular therapies. Key features • The protocol uses monocytes differentiated into naïve macrophages, which are loosely adherent, have a relatively homogeneous genetic background, and resemble peripheral blood mononuclear cells-derived macrophages. • The protocol requires a plate reader and a flow cytometer with the ability to detect six fluorophores. • The protocol provides a quantitative measurement of co-culture conditions by the addition of a fixed number of freshly thawed or culture-rescued MSCs to macrophages. • This protocol uses assessment of the secretome and cell harvest to independently verify the nature of the interactions between macrophages and MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Y. Stevens
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization
and Manufacturing, Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Angela C. Jimenez
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization
and Manufacturing, Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering
Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bryan Wang
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization
and Manufacturing, Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering
Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization
and Manufacturing, Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shivaram Selvam
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization
and Manufacturing, Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering
Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Annie C. Bowles-Welch
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization
and Manufacturing, Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering
Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Yadegari F, Gabler Pizarro LA, Marquez-Curtis LA, Elliott JAW. Temperature Dependence of Membrane Permeability Parameters for Five Cell Types Using Nonideal Thermodynamic Assumptions to Mathematically Model Cryopreservation Protocols. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1139-1160. [PMID: 38291962 PMCID: PMC10860702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the process of preserving biological matter at subzero temperatures for long-term storage. During cryopreservation, cells are susceptible to various injuries that can be mitigated by controlling the cooling and warming profiles and cryoprotective agent (CPA) addition and removal procedures. Mathematical modeling of the changing cell volume at different temperatures can greatly reduce the experiments needed to optimize cryopreservation protocols. Such mathematical modeling requires as inputs the cell membrane permeabilities to water and CPA and the osmotically inactive fraction of the cell. Since the intra- and extracellular solutions are generally thermodynamically nonideal, our group has been incorporating the osmotic virial equation to model the solution thermodynamics that underlie the cell volume change equations, adding the second and third osmotic virial coefficients of the grouped intracellular solute to the cell osmotic parameters that must be measured. In our previous work, we reported methods to obtain cell osmotic parameters at room temperature by fitting experimental cell volume kinetic data with equations that incorporated nonideal solution thermodynamics assumptions. Since the relevant cell volume excursions occur at different temperatures, the temperature dependence of the osmotic parameters plays an important role. In this work, we present a new two-part fitting method to obtain five cell-type-specific parameters (water permeability, dimethyl sulfoxide permeability, osmotically inactive fraction, and the second and third osmotic virial coefficients of the intracellular solution) from experimental measurements of equilibrium cell volume and cell volume as a function of time at room temperature and 0 °C for five cell types, namely, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), H9c2 rat myoblasts, porcine corneal endothelial cells (PCECs), the Jurkat T-lymphocyte cell line, and human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs/D3 cell line). The fitting method in this work is based on both equilibrium and kinetic cell volume data, enabling us to solve some technical challenges and expand our previously reported measurement technique to 0 °C. Finally, we use the measured parameters to model the cell volume changes for a HUVEC cryopreservation protocol to demonstrate the impact of the nonideal thermodynamic assumptions on predicting the changing cell volume during freezing and thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Yadegari
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Laura A. Gabler Pizarro
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Leah A. Marquez-Curtis
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Janet A. W. Elliott
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
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9
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Cai Y, Prochazkova M, Kim YS, Jiang C, Ma J, Moses L, Martin K, Pham V, Zhang N, Highfill SL, Somerville RP, Stroncek DF, Jin P. Assessment and comparison of viability assays for cellular products. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:201-209. [PMID: 38085197 PMCID: PMC10872314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Accurate assessment of cell viability is crucial in cellular product manufacturing, yet selecting the appropriate viability assay presents challenges due to various factors. This study compares and evaluates different viability assays on fresh and cryopreserved cellular products, including peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) apheresis products, purified PBMCs and cultured chimeric antigen receptor and T-cell receptor-engineered T-cell products. METHODS Viability assays, including manual Trypan Blue exclusion, flow cytometry-based assays using 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) or propidium iodide (PI) direct staining or cell surface marker staining in conjunction with 7-AAD, Cellometer (Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA, USA) Acridine Orange/PI staining and Vi-CELL BLU Cell Viability Analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Inc, Brea, CA, USA), were evaluated. A viability standard was established using live and dead cell mixtures to assess the accuracy of these assays. Furthermore, precision assessment was conducted to determine the reproducibility of the viability assays. Additionally, the viability of individual cell populations from cryopreserved PBSC and PBMC apheresis products was examined. RESULTS All methods provided accurate viability measurements and generated consistent and reproducible viability data. The assessed viability assays were demonstrated to be reliable alternatives when evaluating the viability of fresh cellular products. However, cryopreserved products exhibited variability among the tested assays. Additionally, analyzing the viability of each subset of the cryopreserved PBSC and PBMC apheresis products revealed that T cells and granulocytes were more susceptible to the freeze-thaw process, showing decreased viability. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates the importance of careful assay selection, validation and standardization, particularly for assessing the viability of cryopreserved products. Given the complexity of cellular products, choosing a fit-for-purpose viability assay is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Cai
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michaela Prochazkova
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinxia Ma
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Larry Moses
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn Martin
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Pham
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven L Highfill
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert P Somerville
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ping Jin
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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10
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Jiang N, Tian X, Wang Q, Hao J, Jiang J, Wang H. Regulation Mechanisms and Maintenance Strategies of Stemness in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:455-483. [PMID: 38010581 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Stemness pertains to the intrinsic ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to undergo self-renewal and differentiate into multiple lineages, while simultaneously impeding their differentiation and preserving crucial differentiating genes in a state of quiescence and equilibrium. Owing to their favorable attributes, including uncomplicated isolation protocols, ethical compliance, and ease of procurement, MSCs have become a focal point of inquiry in the domains of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. As age increases or ex vivo cultivation is prolonged, the functionality of MSCs decreases and their stemness gradually diminishes, thereby limiting their potential therapeutic applications. Despite the existence of several uncertainties surrounding the comprehension of MSC stemness, considerable advancements have been achieved in the clarification of the potential mechanisms that lead to stemness loss, as well as the associated strategies for stemness maintenance. This comprehensive review provides a systematic overview of the factors influencing the preservation of MSC stemness, the molecular mechanisms governing it, the strategies for its maintenance, and the therapeutic potential associated with stemness. Finally, we underscore the obstacles and prospective avenues in present investigations, providing innovative perspectives and opportunities for the preservation and therapeutic utilization of MSC stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizhou Jiang
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiliang Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quanxiang Wang
- Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jiayu Hao
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology Department of Spine Surgery, Dalian, China.
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11
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Bruno A, Milillo C, Anaclerio F, Buccolini C, Dell’Elice A, Angilletta I, Gatta M, Ballerini P, Antonucci I. Perinatal Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Challenging Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:976. [PMID: 38256050 PMCID: PMC10815412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, stem cell therapy has been considered a promising option for treating numerous disorders, in particular, neurodegenerative disorders. Stem cells exert neuroprotective and neurodegenerative benefits through different mechanisms, such as the secretion of neurotrophic factors, cell replacement, the activation of endogenous stem cells, and decreased neuroinflammation. Several sources of stem cells have been proposed for transplantation and the restoration of damaged tissue. Over recent decades, intensive research has focused on gestational stem cells considered a novel resource for cell transplantation therapy. The present review provides an update on the recent preclinical/clinical applications of gestational stem cells for the treatment of protein-misfolding diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, further studies should be encouraged to translate this promising therapeutic approach into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bruno
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Milillo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Federico Anaclerio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlotta Buccolini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Anastasia Dell’Elice
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Angilletta
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Gatta
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.B.); (C.M.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (I.A.)
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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12
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Huang C, Zhao Y, Ye Q, Gleason J, Rousseva V, Stout B, Lin S, Hariri R, Zhang X, He S. Characterization of CRISPR/Cas9-edited human placental allogenic stromal cells with low tissue factor expression and reduced thrombotic effects. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1265-1270.e2. [PMID: 37256239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The tissue factor (TF/CD142) expressed by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been regarded as a safety concern in clinical applications as it may trigger thrombosis when MSCs administered intravenously. Human placental allogenic stromal cells (ASCs) are culture-expanded, undifferentiated MSC-like cells derived from full-term postpartum placenta and possess immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic activities, however, express TF. Here we performed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TF gene knock out (TFKO) in ASCs, leading to significantly lower TF expression, activity and thrombotic effects. ASCs' characteristics including expansion, expression of phenotypic markers and secretory profile remained unchanged in edited cells, and their immunomodulatory activities, which are functionally relevant to therapeutic applications, were not affected upon TFKO. Taken together, this study provides a feasible strategy which could improve the clinical safety features of MSC-based cell therapy by CRISRP/Cas9-mediated TF gene knock out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qian Ye
- Celularity Inc., Florham Park, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuyang He
- Celularity Inc., Florham Park, New Jersey, USA
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13
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Strojan P, Plavc G, Kokalj M, Mitrovic G, Blatnik O, Lezaic L, Socan A, Bavec A, Tesic N, Hartman K, Svajger U. Post-radiation xerostomia therapy with allogeneic mesenchymal stromal stem cells in patients with head and neck cancer: study protocol for phase I clinical trial. Radiol Oncol 2023; 57:538-549. [PMID: 38038413 PMCID: PMC10690747 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2023-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xerostomia is a common side effect of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck tumors that negatively affects quality of life. There is no known effective standard treatment for xerostomia. Here, we present the study protocol used to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) derived from umbilical cord tissue. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten oropharyngeal cancer patients with post-radiation xerostomia and no evidence of disease recurrence 2 or more years after (chemo)irradiation (intervention group) and 10 healthy volunteers (control group) will be enrolled in this nonrandomized, open-label, phase I exploratory study. MSCs from umbilical cord tissue will be inserted under ultrasound guidance into both parotid glands and both submandibular glands of the patients. Toxicity of the procedure will be assessed according to CTCAE v5.0 criteria at days 0, 1, 5, 28, and 120. Efficacy will be assessed by measuring salivary flow and analyzing its composition, scintigraphic evaluation of MSC grafting, retention, and migration, and questionnaires measuring subjective xerostomia and quality of life. In addition, the radiological, functional, and morphological characteristics of the salivary tissue will be assessed before, at 4 weeks, and at 4 months after the procedure. In the control group subjects, only salivary flow rate and salivary composition will be determined. DISCUSSION The use of allogeneic MSCs from umbilical cord tissue represents an innovative approach for the treatment of xerostomia after radiation. Due to the noninvasive collection procedure, flexibility of cryobanking, and biological advantages, xerostomia therapy using allogeneic MSCs from umbilical cord tissue may have an advantage over other similar therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primoz Strojan
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gaber Plavc
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kokalj
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Olga Blatnik
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Lezaic
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aljaz Socan
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aljosa Bavec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Tesic
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Urban Svajger
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Wada T, Takenawa T, Komori N, Nishimura M, Fujita Y, Sawamoto O. Ascorbic acid enhances the cold preservation period of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Regen Ther 2023; 24:154-160. [PMID: 37868720 PMCID: PMC10584694 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We previously developed 3% trehalose-added lactated Ringer's solution (LR-3T) and 3% trehalose- and 5% dextran-40-added lactated Ringer's solution (LR-3T-5D), which can be used to preserve adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) for 24 h at 5 and 25 °C. However, it is necessary to further extend the storage duration of cells to expand transportation zones and ensure time for quality control testing of final cell products. Therefore, we attempted to prolong the preservation duration of hADSCs by adding supplements to LR-3T-5D. We focused on ascorbic acid as an antioxidant because it is widely clinically as a nutrient. Methods We added the antioxidant ascorbic acid to LR-3T-5D and evaluated the viability, colony formation rate, proliferative capacity, and surface markers of hADSCs before and after preservation at 5 °C. Results Analysis of the concentration of ascorbic acid added to LR-3T-5D indicated that 1000 mg/L was the optimal concentration for maintaining the viability of hADSCs after 72 h of cold preservation. No changes were observed in the expression of specific cell surface markers or in the potential of hADSCs to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondrocytes before and after cold preservation. Discussion These results suggest that cold preservation of hADSCs in LR-3T-5D supplemented with ascorbic acid helps maintain the quality of cells for use in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Wada
- Corresponding author. Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601, Japan
| | | | - Natsuki Komori
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masuhiro Nishimura
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fujita
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Tokushima, Japan
| | - Osamu Sawamoto
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. Tokushima, Japan
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15
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Park JJ, Lee OH, Park JE, Cho J. Comparison of Cryopreservation Media for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids. Biopreserv Biobank 2023. [PMID: 38011543 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) spheroids generated in three-dimensional culture are of considerable interest as a novel therapeutic tool for regenerative medicine. However, the lack of reliable methods for storing MSC spheroids represents a significant roadblock to their successful use in the clinic. An ideal storage medium for MSC spheroids should function as both a vehicle for delivery and a cryoprotectant during storage of spheroids for use at a later time. In this study, we compared the outcomes after subjecting MSC spheroids to a freeze/thaw cycle in three Good Manufacturing Practices-grade cryopreservation media, CryoStor10 (CS10), Stem-Cellbanker (SCB), and Recovery Cell Culture Freezing Media (RFM) or conventional freezing medium (CM) (CM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide) as a control for 2 months. The endpoints tested were viability, morphology, and expression of stem cell markers and other relevant genes. The results of LIVE/DEAD™ assays and annexin V/propidium iodide staining suggested that viability was relatively higher after one freeze/thaw cycle in CS10 or SCB than after freeze/thaw in CM or RFM. Furthermore, the relative "stemness" and expression of MSC markers were similar with or without freeze/thaw in CS10. Scanning electron microscopy also indicated that the surface morphology of MSC spheroids was well preserved after cryopreservation in CS10. Thus, even though it was tested for a short-term period, we suggest that CS10, which has been approved for clinical use by the U.S. Food and Drug Association, is a promising cryopreservation medium that would facilitate the development of MSC spheroids for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju Park
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Lee
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie-Eun Park
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejin Cho
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Alasmar S, Huang J, Chopra K, Baumann E, Aylsworth A, Hewitt M, Sandhu JK, Tauskela JS, Ben RN, Jezierski A. Improved Cryopreservation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) and iPSC-derived Neurons Using Ice-Recrystallization Inhibitors. Stem Cells 2023; 41:1006-1021. [PMID: 37622655 PMCID: PMC10631806 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived neurons (iPSC-Ns) represent a differentiated modality toward developing novel cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine. However, the successful application of iPSC-Ns in cell-replacement therapies relies on effective cryopreservation. In this study, we investigated the role of ice recrystallization inhibitors (IRIs) as novel cryoprotectants for iPSCs and terminally differentiated iPSC-Ns. We found that one class of IRIs, N-aryl-D-aldonamides (specifically 2FA), increased iPSC post-thaw viability and recovery with no adverse effect on iPSC pluripotency. While 2FA supplementation did not significantly improve iPSC-N cell post-thaw viability, we observed that 2FA cryopreserved iPSC-Ns re-established robust neuronal network activity and synaptic function much earlier compared to CS10 cryopreserved controls. The 2FA cryopreserved iPSC-Ns retained expression of key neuronal specific and terminally differentiated markers and displayed functional electrophysiological and neuropharmacological responses following treatment with neuroactive agonists and antagonists. We demonstrate how optimizing cryopreservation media formulations with IRIs represents a promising strategy to improve functional cryopreservation of iPSCs and post-mitotic iPSC-Ns, the latter of which have been challenging to achieve. Developing IRI enabling technologies to support an effective cryopreservation and an efficiently managed cryo-chain is fundamental to support the delivery of successful iPSC-derived therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Alasmar
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Science, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jez Huang
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karishma Chopra
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Science, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ewa Baumann
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Aylsworth
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Hewitt
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jagdeep K Sandhu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, , Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph S Tauskela
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert N Ben
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Science, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Jezierski
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, , Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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17
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Dreyer GJ, Drabbels JJM, de Fijter JW, van Kooten C, Reinders MEJ, Heidt S. Cell-free DNA measurement of three genomes after allogeneic MSC therapy in kidney transplant recipients indicates early cell death of infused MSC. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240347. [PMID: 38022634 PMCID: PMC10652747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy is a promising treatment that allows for drug minimization in clinical kidney transplantation. While it is thought that MSCs rapidly go into apoptosis after infusion, clinical evidence for this is scarce since methods to detect cell death of infused cells in vivo are lacking. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has recently gained attention as a biomarker for cell death. Methods In this study, we longitudinally measured cfDNA in plasma samples of the recipient, kidney donor, and allogeneic third-party MSC in the context of the Neptune study. cfDNA levels were measured at several time points before and after allogeneic MSC infusion in the 10 recipients who participated in the Neptune study. cfDNA ratios between the recipient, kidney graft, and MSC were determined. Results We observed a peak in MSC-derived cfDNA 4 h after the first and second infusions, after which MSC-derived cfDNA became undetectable. Generally, kidney graft-derived cfDNA remained in the baseline-level range. Discussion Our results support preclinical data that MSC are short-lived after infusion, also in a clinical in vivo setting, and are relevant for further research into the mechanism of action of MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geertje J. Dreyer
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jos JM. Drabbels
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan W. de Fijter
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marlies EJ. Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Blitzer GC, Glazer T, Burr A, Gustafson S, Ganz O, Meyers R, McDowell KA, Nickel KP, Mattison RJ, Weiss M, Chappell R, Rogus-Pulia NM, Galipeau J, Kimple RJ. Marrow-Derived Autologous Stromal Cells for the Restoration of Salivary Hypofunction (MARSH): A pilot, first-in-human study of interferon gamma-stimulated marrow mesenchymal stromal cells for treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1139-1144. [PMID: 37589639 PMCID: PMC10615723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Xerostomia, or the feeling of dry mouth, is a significant side effect of radiation therapy for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Preliminary data suggest that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can improve salivary function. We performed a first-in-human pilot study of interferon gamma (IFNγ)-stimulated autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs, or MSC(M), for the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia (RIX). Here we present the primary safety and secondary efficacy endpoints. METHODS A single-center pilot clinical trial was conducted investigating the safety and tolerability of autologous IFNγ-stimulated MSC(M). The study was conducted under an approved Food and Drug Administration Investigational New Drug application using an institutional review board-approved protocol (NCT04489732). Patients underwent iliac crest bone marrow aspirate and MSC(M) were isolated, cultured, stimulated with IFNγ and cryopreserved for later use. Banked cells were thawed and allowed to recover in culture before patients received a single injection of 10 × 106 MSC(M) into the right submandibular gland under ultrasound guidance. The primary objective was determination of safety and tolerability by evaluating dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). A DLT was defined as submandibular pain >5 on a standard 10-point pain scale or any serious adverse event (SAE) within 1 month after injection. Secondary objectives included analysis of efficacy as measured by salivary quantification and using three validated quality of life instruments. Quantitative results are reported as mean and standard deviation. RESULTS Six patients with radiation-induced xerostomia who had completed radiation at least 2 years previously (average 7.8 years previously) were enrolled in the pilot study. The median age was 71 (61-74) years. Five (83%) patients were male. Five patients (83%) were treated with chemoradiation and one patient (17%) with radiation alone. Grade 1 pain was seen in 50% of patients after submandibular gland injection; all pain resolved within 4 days. No patients reported pain 1 month after injection, with no SAE or other DLTs reported 1 month after injection. The analysis of secondary endpoints demonstrated a trend of increased salivary production. Three patients (50%) had an increase in unstimulated saliva at 1 and 3 months after MSC(M) injection. Quality of life surveys also showed a trend toward improvement. CONCLUSIONS Injection of autologous IFNγ-stimulated MSC(M) into a singular submandibular gland of patients with RIX is safe and well tolerated in this pilot study. A trend toward an improvement in secondary endpoints of salivary quantity and quality of life was observed. This first-in-human study provides support for further investigation into IFNγ-stimulated MSC(M) injected in both submandibular glands as an innovative approach to treat RIX and improve quality of life for patients with HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Blitzer
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Tiffany Glazer
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adam Burr
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sara Gustafson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Olga Ganz
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ross Meyers
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kimberly A McDowell
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kwangok P Nickel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan J Mattison
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marissa Weiss
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard Chappell
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicole M Rogus-Pulia
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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19
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Chen X, Liu B, Li C, Wang Y, Geng S, Du X, Weng J, Lai P. Stem cell-based therapy for COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110890. [PMID: 37688914 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
While The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that COVID-19 is no longer a public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC), the risk of reinfection and new emerging variants still makes it crucial to study and work towards the prevention of COVID-19. Stem cell and stem cell-like derivatives have shown some promising results in clinical trials and preclinical studies as an alternative treatment option for the pulmonary illnesses caused by the COVID-19 and can be used as a potential vaccine. In this review, we will systematically summarize the pathophysiological process and potential mechanisms underlying stem cell-based therapy in COVID-19, and the registered COVID-19 clinical trials, and engineered extracellular vesicle as a potential vaccine for preventing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Yulian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Suxia Geng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Jianyu Weng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.
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20
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Wang Y, Liang Q, Chen F, Zheng J, Chen Y, Chen Z, Li R, Li X. Immune-Cell-Based Therapy for COVID-19: Current Status. Viruses 2023; 15:2148. [PMID: 38005826 PMCID: PMC10674523 DOI: 10.3390/v15112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. The interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses plays a crucial role in managing COVID-19. Cell therapy has recently emerged as a promising strategy to modulate the immune system, offering immense potential for the treatment of COVID-19 due to its customizability and regenerative capabilities. This review provides an overview of the various subsets of immune cell subsets implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and a comprehensive summary of the current status of immune cell therapy in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qinghe Liang
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fengsheng Chen
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiehuang Zheng
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ziye Chen
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruopeng Li
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, Innovation Program of Drug Research on Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (F.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.C.); (R.L.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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21
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Torrents S, del Moral AE, Codinach M, Rodríguez L, Querol S, Vives J. Optimized reagents for immunopotency assays on mesenchymal stromal cells for clinical use. Immunol Res 2023; 71:725-734. [PMID: 37120479 PMCID: PMC10148700 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) offer new therapeutic opportunities based on their ability to modulate an imbalanced immune system. Immunomodulatory potency is typically demonstrated in vitro by measuring the presence of surrogate markers (i.e., indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, IDO; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1, TNFR1) and/or functional assays in co-cultures (i.e., inhibition of lymphoproliferation, polarization of macrophages). However, the biological variability of reagents used in the latter type of assays leads to unreliable and difficult to reproduce data therefore making cross-comparison between batches difficult, both at the intra- and inter-laboratory levels. Herein, we describe a set of experiments aiming at the definition and validation of reliable biological reagents as a first step towards standardization of a potency assay. This approach is based on the co-culture of Wharton's jelly (WJ)-derived MSC and cryopreserved pooled peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Altogether, we successfully defined a robust and reproducible immunopotency assay based on previously described methods incorporating substantial improvements such as cryopreservation of multiple vials of pooled peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 5 individual donors that enable a number of tests with same reagents, also reducing waste of PBMC from individual donors and therefore contributing to a more efficient and ethical method to use substances of human origin (SoHO). The new methodology was successfully validated using 11 batches of clinical grade MSC,WJ. Methods described here contribute to minimize PBMC donor variability while reducing costs, streamlining assay setup and convenience and laying the foundations for harmonization of biological reagents usage in standardized immunopotency assays for MSC. HIGHLIGHTS: • The use of pools of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in potency assays contributes to robust and reproducible results, which is key in the assessment of mesenchymal stroma cells (MSC) potency for batch release. • Cryopreservation of PBMCs does not impact negatively on their activation and proliferation abilities. • Cryopreserved pools of PBMC constitutes convenient off-the-shelf reagents for potency assays. • Cryopreservation of pooled PBMCs from multiple donors is a way to reduce waste of donated PBMC and its associated costs, as well as reducing the impact of individual donor variability of substances of human origin (SoHO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Torrents
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusion Medicine Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d’Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Escudero del Moral
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Codinach
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusion Medicine Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d’Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Rodríguez
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusion Medicine Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d’Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Querol
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusion Medicine Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d’Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Vives
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat, 116, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d’Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d’Hebron 129-139, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Herzig MC, Christy BA, Montgomery RK, Cantu-Garza C, Barrera GD, Lee JH, Mucha N, Talackine JR, Abaasah IA, Bynum JA, Cap AP. Short-term assays for mesenchymal stromal cell immunosuppression of T-lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225047. [PMID: 37822938 PMCID: PMC10562633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trauma patients are susceptible to coagulopathy and dysfunctional immune responses. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are at the forefront of the cellular therapy revolution with profound immunomodulatory, regenerative, and therapeutic potential. Routine assays to assess immunomodulation activity examine MSC effects on proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and take 3-7 days. Assays that could be done in a shorter period of time would be beneficial to allow more rapid comparison of different MSC donors. The studies presented here focused on assays for MSC suppression of mitogen-stimulated PBMC activation in time frames of 24 h or less. Methods Three potential assays were examined-assays of apoptosis focusing on caspase activation, assays of phosphatidyl serine externalization (PS+) on PBMCs, and measurement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) levels using rapid ELISA methods. All assays used the same initial experimental conditions: cryopreserved PBMCs from 8 to 10 pooled donors, co-culture with and without MSCs in 96-well plates, and PBMC stimulation with mitogen for 2-72 h. Results Suppression of caspase activity in activated PBMCs by incubation with MSCs was not robust and was only significant at times after 24 h. Monitoring PS+ of live CD3+ or live CD4+/CD3+ mitogen-activated PBMCs was dose dependent, reproducible, robust, and evident at the earliest time point taken, 2 h, although no increase in the percentage of PS+ cells was seen with time. The ability of MSC in co-culture to suppress PBMC PS+ externalization compared favorably to two concomitant assays for MSC co-culture suppression of PBMC proliferation, at 72 h by ATP assay, or at 96 h by fluorescently labeled protein signal dilution. TNFα release by mitogen-activated PBMCs was dose dependent, reproducible, robust, and evident at the earliest time point taken, with accumulating signal over time. However, suppression levels with MSC co-culture was reliably seen only after 24 h. Discussion Takeaways from these studies are as follows: (1) while early measures of PBMC activation is evident at 2-6 h, immunosuppression was only reliably detected at 24 h; (2) PS externalization at 24 h is a surrogate assay for MSC immunomodulation; and (3) rapid ELISA assay detection of TNFα release by PBMCs is a robust and sensitive assay for MSC immunomodulation at 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne C. Herzig
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Barbara A. Christy
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robbie K. Montgomery
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carolina Cantu-Garza
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gema D. Barrera
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ji H. Lee
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicholas Mucha
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Talackine
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Isaac A. Abaasah
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - James A. Bynum
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Andrew P. Cap
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
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23
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Laroye C, Gauthier M, Morello J, Charif N, Cannard VL, Bonnet C, Lozniewski A, Tchirkov A, De Isla N, Decot V, Reppel L, Bensoussan D. Scale-Up of Academic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Production. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4414. [PMID: 37445448 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many clinical trials have reported the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) following the indication of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, in the COVID19 pandemic context, academic laboratories had to adapt a production process to obtain MSCs in a very short time. Production processes, especially freezing/thawing cycles, or culture medium have impacts on MSC properties. We evaluated the impact of an intermediate cryopreservation state during MSC culture to increase production yields. METHODS Seven Wharton's jelly (WJ)-MSC batches generated from seven different umbilical cords with only one cryopreservation step and 13 WJ-MSC batches produced with intermediate freezing were formed according to good manufacturing practices. The identity (phenotype and clonogenic capacities), safety (karyotype, telomerase activity, sterility, and donor qualification), and functionality (viability, mixed lymphocyte reaction) were analyzed. RESULTS No significant differences between MSC production processes were observed, except for the clonogenic capacity, which was decreased, although it always remained above our specifications. CONCLUSIONS Intermediate cryopreservation allows an increase in the production yield and has little impact on the basic characteristics of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Laroye
- CHRU Nancy, Cell Therapy and Tissue Bank Unit, MTInov Bioproduction and Biotherapy Integrator, F-54000 Nancy, France
- CNRS, IMoPA, Lorraine University, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Mélanie Gauthier
- CHRU Nancy, Cell Therapy and Tissue Bank Unit, MTInov Bioproduction and Biotherapy Integrator, F-54000 Nancy, France
- CNRS, IMoPA, Lorraine University, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jessica Morello
- CHRU Nancy, Cell Therapy and Tissue Bank Unit, MTInov Bioproduction and Biotherapy Integrator, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Naceur Charif
- CNRS, IMoPA, Lorraine University, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Céline Bonnet
- CHRU Nancy, Genetics Laboratory, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Andrei Tchirkov
- CHRU Clermont-Ferrand, Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Véronique Decot
- CHRU Nancy, Cell Therapy and Tissue Bank Unit, MTInov Bioproduction and Biotherapy Integrator, F-54000 Nancy, France
- CNRS, IMoPA, Lorraine University, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Loïc Reppel
- CHRU Nancy, Cell Therapy and Tissue Bank Unit, MTInov Bioproduction and Biotherapy Integrator, F-54000 Nancy, France
- CNRS, IMoPA, Lorraine University, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Danièle Bensoussan
- CHRU Nancy, Cell Therapy and Tissue Bank Unit, MTInov Bioproduction and Biotherapy Integrator, F-54000 Nancy, France
- CNRS, IMoPA, Lorraine University, F-54000 Nancy, France
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24
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Wu SCM, Zhu M, Chik SCC, Kwok M, Javed A, Law L, Chan S, Boheler KR, Liu YP, Chan GCF, Poon ENY. Adipose tissue-derived human mesenchymal stromal cells can better suppress complement lysis, engraft and inhibit acute graft-versus-host disease in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:167. [PMID: 37357314 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Transplantation of immunosuppressive human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) can protect against aGvHD post-HSCT; however, their efficacy is limited by poor engraftment and survival. Moreover, infused MSCs can be damaged by activated complement, yet strategies to minimise complement injury of hMSCs and improve their survival are limited. METHODS Human MSCs were derived from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT) and umbilical cord (UC). In vitro immunomodulatory potential was determined by co-culture experiments between hMSCs and immune cells implicated in aGvHD disease progression. BM-, AT- and UC-hMSCs were tested for their abilities to protect aGvHD in a mouse model of this disease. Survival and clinical symptoms were monitored, and target tissues of aGvHD were examined by histopathology and qPCR. Transplanted cell survival was evaluated by cell tracing and by qPCR. The transcriptome of BM-, AT- and UC-hMSCs was profiled by RNA-sequencing. Focused experiments were performed to compare the expression of complement inhibitors and the abilities of hMSCs to resist complement lysis. RESULTS Human MSCs derived from three tissues divergently protected against aGvHD in vivo. AT-hMSCs preferentially suppressed complement in vitro and in vivo, resisted complement lysis and survived better after transplantation when compared to BM- and UC-hMSCs. AT-hMSCs also prolonged survival and improved the symptoms and pathological features of aGvHD. We found that complement-decay accelerating factor (CD55), an inhibitor of complement, is elevated in AT-hMSCs and contributed to reduced complement activation. We further report that atorvastatin and erlotinib could upregulate CD55 and suppress complement in all three types of hMSCs. CONCLUSION CD55, by suppressing complement, contributes to the improved protection of AT-hMSCs against aGvHD. The use of AT-hMSCs or the upregulation of CD55 by small molecules thus represents promising new strategies to promote hMSC survival to improve the efficacy of transplantation therapy. As complement injury is a barrier to all types of hMSC therapy, our findings are of broad significance to enhance the use of hMSCs for the treatment of a wide range of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Chun Ming Wu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Manyu Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stanley C C Chik
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maxwell Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Asif Javed
- School of Biomedical Science, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Laalaa Law
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shing Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yin Ping Liu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Godfrey Chi Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- , Doctors' Office, 9/F, Tower B, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ellen Ngar-Yun Poon
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Rm 226A, 2/F, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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25
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Couto PS, Al-Arawe N, Filgueiras IS, Fonseca DLM, Hinterseher I, Catar RA, Chinnadurai R, Bersenev A, Cabral-Marques O, Moll G, Verter F. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cell therapy for COVID-19: global clinical trial landscape, published safety/efficacy outcomes, cell product manufacturing and clinical delivery. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200180. [PMID: 37415976 PMCID: PMC10321603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the pandemic of severe respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), many novel therapeutic modalities to treat Coronavirus 2019 induced disease (COVID-19) were explored. This study summarizes 195 clinical trials of advanced cell therapies targeting COVID-19 that were registered over the two years between January 2020 to December 2021. In addition, this work also analyzed the cell manufacturing and clinical delivery experience of 26 trials that published their outcomes by July 2022. Our demographic analysis found the highest number of cell therapy trials for COVID-19 was in United States, China, and Iran (N=53, 43, and 19, respectively), with the highest number per capita in Israel, Spain, Iran, Australia, and Sweden (N=0.641, 0.232, 0,223, 0.194, and 0.192 trials per million inhabitants). The leading cell types were multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and mononuclear cells (MNCs), accounting for 72%, 9%, and 6% of the studies, respectively. There were 24 published clinical trials that reported on infusions of MSCs. A pooled analysis of these MSC studies found that MSCs provide a relative risk reduction for all-cause COVID-19 mortality of RR=0.63 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.85). This result corroborates previously published smaller meta-analyses, which suggested that MSC therapy demonstrated a clinical benefit for COVID-19 patients. The sources of the MSCs used in these studies and their manufacturing and clinical delivery methods were remarkably heterogeneous, with some predominance of perinatal tissue-derived products. Our results highlight the important role that cell therapy products may play as an adjunct therapy in the management of COVID-19 and its related complications, as well as the importance of controlling key manufacturing parameters to ensure comparability between studies. Thus, we support ongoing calls for a global registry of clinical studies with MSC products that could better link cell product manufacturing and delivery methods to clinical outcomes. Although advanced cell therapies may provide an important adjunct treatment for patients affected by COVID-19 in the near future, preventing pathology through vaccination still remains the best protection to date. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of advanced cell therapy clinical trials as potential novel treatment for COVID-19 (resulting from SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection), including analysis of the global clinical trial landscape, published safety/efficacy outcomes (RR/OR), and details on cell product manufacturing and clinical delivery. This study had a 2-year observation interval from start of January 2020 to end of December 2021, including a follow-up period until end of July to identify published outcomes, which covers the most vivid period of clinical trial activity, and is also the longest observation period studied until today. In total, we identified 195 registered advanced cell therapy studies for COVID-19, employing 204 individual cell products. Leading registered trial activity was attributed to the USA, China, and Iran. Through the end of July 2022, 26 clinical trials were published, with 24 out of 26 articles employing intravenous infusions (IV) of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) products. Most of the published trials were attributed to China and Iran. The cumulative results from the 24 published studies employing infusions of MSCs indicated an improved survival (RR=0.63 with 95% Confidence Interval 0.46 to 0.85). Our study is the most comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on cell therapy trials for COVID-19 conducted to date, clearly identifying the USA, China, and Iran as leading advanced cell therapy trial countries for COVID-19, with further strong contributions from Israel, Spain, Australia and Sweden. Although advanced cell therapies may provide an important adjunct treatment for patients affected by COVID-19 in the future, preventing pathology through vaccination remains the best protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S. Couto
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- CellTrials.org and Parent’s Guide to Cord Blood Foundation, a non-profit organization headquartered in Brookeville, Brookeville, MD, United States
| | - Nada Al-Arawe
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Vascular Surgery Clinic, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor S. Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennyson L. M. Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Irene Hinterseher
- Vascular Surgery Clinic, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Ruppin-Brandenburg, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Fakultät der Gesundheitswissenschaften Brandenburg, Gemeinsame Fakultät der Universität Potsdam, der Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, und der Brandenburg Technischen Universität (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rusan A. Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Alexey Bersenev
- Advanced Cell Therapy (ACT) Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Otávio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Postgraduate Program of Health and Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frances Verter
- CellTrials.org and Parent’s Guide to Cord Blood Foundation, a non-profit organization headquartered in Brookeville, Brookeville, MD, United States
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Parihar A, Kumar A, Panda U, Khan R, Parihar DS, Khan R. Cryopreservation: A Comprehensive Overview, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200285. [PMID: 36755194 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the most prevalent method of long-term cell preservation. Effective cell cryopreservation depends on freezing, adequate storage, and correct thawing techniques. Recent advances in cryopreservation techniques minimize the cellular damage which occurs while processing samples. This article focuses on the fundamentals of cryopreservation techniques and how they can be implemented in a variety of clinical settings. The article presents a brief description of each of the standard cryopreservation procedures, such as slow freezing and vitrification. Alongside that, the membrane permeating and nonpermeating cryoprotectants are briefly discussed, along with current advancements in the field of cryopreservation and variables influencing the cryopreservation process. The diminution of cryoinjury incurred by the cell via the resuscitation process will also be highlighted. In the end application of cryopreservation techniques in many fields, with a special emphasis on stem cell preservation techniques and current advancements presented. Furthermore, the challenges while implementing cryopreservation and the futuristic scope of the fields are illustrated herein. The content of this review sheds light on various ways to enhance the output of the cell preservation process and minimize cryoinjury while improving cell revival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing (IIITD&M), Kancheepuram, 600127, India
| | - Udwesh Panda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing (IIITD&M), Kancheepuram, 600127, India
| | - Rukhsar Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | | | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
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Copp G, Robb KP, Viswanathan S. Culture-expanded mesenchymal stromal cell therapy: does it work in knee osteoarthritis? A pathway to clinical success. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:626-650. [PMID: 37095295 PMCID: PMC10229578 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative multifactorial disease with concomitant structural, inflammatory, and metabolic changes that fluctuate in a temporal and patient-specific manner. This complexity has contributed to refractory responses to various treatments. MSCs have shown promise as multimodal therapeutics in mitigating OA symptoms and disease progression. Here, we evaluated 15 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and 11 nonrandomized RCTs using culture-expanded MSCs in the treatment of knee OA, and we found net positive effects of MSCs on mitigating pain and symptoms (improving function in 12/15 RCTs relative to baseline and in 11/15 RCTs relative to control groups at study endpoints) and on cartilage protection and/or repair (18/21 clinical studies). We examined MSC dose, tissue of origin, and autologous vs. allogeneic origins as well as patient clinical phenotype, endotype, age, sex and level of OA severity as key parameters in parsing MSC clinical effectiveness. The relatively small sample size of 610 patients limited the drawing of definitive conclusions. Nonetheless, we noted trends toward moderate to higher doses of MSCs in select OA patient clinical phenotypes mitigating pain and leading to structural improvements or cartilage preservation. Evidence from preclinical studies is supportive of MSC anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, but additional investigations on immunomodulatory, chondroprotective and other clinical mechanisms of action are needed. We hypothesize that MSC basal immunomodulatory "fitness" correlates with OA treatment efficacy, but this hypothesis needs to be validated in future studies. We conclude with a roadmap articulating the need to match an OA patient subset defined by molecular endotype and clinical phenotype with basally immunomodulatory "fit" or engineered-to-be-fit-for-OA MSCs in well-designed, data-intensive clinical trials to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Copp
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin P Robb
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sowmya Viswanathan
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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28
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Oh SJ, Jo CH, Kim TS, Hong CY, Lee SL, Kang YH, Rho GJ. Sphingosine-1-phosphate Treatment Improves Cryopreservation Efficiency in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1286. [PMID: 37374070 DOI: 10.3390/life13061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role not only in maintaining cell shape and viability but also in homing/engraftment properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a valuable source of cell therapy. Therefore, during the cryopreservation process of MSCs, protecting the actin cytoskeleton from the freezing/thawing stress is critical in maintaining their functionality and therapeutic potential. In this study, the safety and cryoprotective potential of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which has a stabilizing effect on actin cytoskeleton, on dental pulp-derived MSCs (DP-MSCs) was investigated. Our results demonstrated that S1P treatment did not adversely affect viability and stemness of DP-MSCs. Furthermore, S1P pretreatment enhanced cell viability and proliferation properties of post-freeze/thaw DP-MSCs, protecting them against damage to the actin cytoskeleton and adhesion ability as well. These findings suggest that a new cryopreservation method using S1P pretreatment can enhance the overall quality of cryopreserved MSCs by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton and making them more suitable for various applications in regenerative medicine and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Jo
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Seok Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yeon Hong
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Department of Dentistry, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dentistry, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Kao CY, Mills JA, Burke CJ, Morse B, Marques BF. Role of Cytokines and Growth Factors in the Manufacturing of iPSC-Derived Allogeneic Cell Therapy Products. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050677. [PMID: 37237491 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines and other growth factors are essential for cell expansion, health, function, and immune stimulation. Stem cells have the additional reliance on these factors to direct differentiation to the appropriate terminal cell type. Successful manufacturing of allogeneic cell therapies from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) requires close attention to the selection and control of cytokines and factors used throughout the manufacturing process, as well as after administration to the patient. This paper employs iPSC-derived natural killer cell/T cell therapeutics to illustrate the use of cytokines, growth factors, and transcription factors at different stages of the manufacturing process, ranging from the generation of iPSCs to controlling of iPSC differentiation into immune-effector cells through the support of cell therapy after patient administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Kao
- Process and Product Development, Century Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A Mills
- Process and Product Development, Century Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carl J Burke
- Process and Product Development, Century Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Barry Morse
- Research and Development, Century Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruno F Marques
- Process and Product Development, Century Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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30
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Chen W, Lv L, Chen N, Cui E. Immunogenicity of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Scand J Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 313000 Zhejiang No. 1558, Third Ring North Road, Huzhou China
| | - Lu Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 313000 Zhejiang No. 1558, Third Ring North Road, Huzhou China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 313000 Zhejiang No. 1558, Third Ring North Road, Huzhou China
| | - Enhai Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine 313000 Zhejiang No. 1558, Third Ring North Road, Huzhou China
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Validation of an ICH Q2 Compliant Flow Cytometry-Based Assay for the Assessment of the Inhibitory Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on T Cell Proliferation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060850. [PMID: 36980191 PMCID: PMC10047294 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential to suppress pathological activation of immune cells and have therefore been considered for the treatment of Graft-versus-Host-Disease. The clinical application of MSCs requires a process validation to ensure consistent quality. A flow cytometry-based mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was developed to analyse the inhibitory effect of MSCs on T cell proliferation. Monoclonal antibodies were used to stimulate T cell expansion and determine the effect of MSCs after four days of co-culture based on proliferation tracking with the violet proliferation dye VPD450. Following the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R1), the performance of n = 30 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) donor pairs was assessed. The specific inhibition of T cells by viable MSCs was determined and precision values of <10% variation for repeatability and <15% for intermediate precision were found. Compared to a non-compendial reference method, a linear correlation of r = 0.9021 was shown. Serial dilution experiments demonstrated a linear range for PBMC:MSC ratios from 1:1 to 1:0.01. The assay was unaffected by PBMC inter-donor variability. In conclusion, the presented MLR can be used as part of quality control tests for the validation of MSCs as a clinical product.
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Cryoprotection in Human Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: Synergistic Impact of Urea and Glucose. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1681-1686. [PMID: 36754231 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Standard freezing protocols of clinically relevant cell lines commonly employ agents such as fetal bovine serum and dimethyl sulfoxide, which are a potential concern from both a regulatory and a patient safety perspective. The aim of this work was to develop formulations with safe and well tolerated excipients for the (cryo-) preservation of cell therapy products. We evaluated the cryoprotective capabilities of urea and glucose through measurements of cell metabolic activity. Freezing of clinically relevant human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and human dermal fibroblasts at ≤ - 65°C at equimolar ratios of urea and glucose resulted in comparable viabilities to established dimethyl sulfoxide. Pre-incubation of human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in trehalose and addition of mannitol and sucrose to the formulation further enhanced cell viability after freeze-thaw stress. Other cell types assessed (A549 and SK-N-AS) could not satisfactorily be preserved with urea and glucose, highlighting the need for tailored formulations to sustain acceptable cryopreservation.
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33
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Srisuma P, Pandit A, Zhang Q, Hong MS, Gamekkanda J, Fachin F, Moore N, Djordjevic D, Schwaerzler M, Oyetunde T, Tang W, Myerson AS, Barbastathis G, Braatz RD. Thermal imaging-based state estimation of a Stefan problem with application to cell thawing. Comput Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2023.108179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Ureña-Bailén G, Block M, Grandi T, Aivazidou F, Quednau J, Krenz D, Daniel-Moreno A, Lamsfus-Calle A, Epting T, Handgretinger R, Wild S, Mezger M. Automated Good Manufacturing Practice-Compatible CRISPR-Cas9 Editing of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells for Clinical Treatment of β-Hemoglobinopathies. CRISPR J 2023; 6:5-16. [PMID: 36662546 PMCID: PMC9986018 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapies hold enormous potential for the cure of severe hematological and oncological disorders. The forefront of innovative gene therapy approaches including therapeutic gene editing and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation needs to be processed by good manufacturing practice to ensure safe application in patients. In the present study, an effective transfection protocol for automated clinical-scale production of genetically modified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) using the CliniMACS Prodigy® system including the CliniMACS Electroporator (Miltenyi Biotec) was established. As a proof-of-concept, the enhancer of the BCL11A gene, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) target in ongoing clinical trials for β-thalassemia and sickle-cell disease treatment, was disrupted by the CRISPR-Cas9 system simulating a large-scale clinical scenario, yielding 100 million HSPCs with high editing efficiency. In vitro erythroid differentiation and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses corroborated fetal hemoglobin resurgence in edited samples, supporting the feasibility of running the complete process of HSPC gene editing in an automated closed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Ureña-Bailén
- Department of General Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Milena Block
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Tommaso Grandi
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | - Jona Quednau
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Dariusz Krenz
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Alberto Daniel-Moreno
- Department of General Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrés Lamsfus-Calle
- Department of General Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Epting
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of General Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany.,Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Wild
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Department of General Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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Laurent A, Scaletta C, Abdel-Sayed P, Raffoul W, Hirt-Burri N, Applegate LA. Industrial Biotechnology Conservation Processes: Similarities with Natural Long-Term Preservation of Biological Organisms. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12010015. [PMID: 36810442 PMCID: PMC9944097 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation and lyophilization processes are widely used for conservation purposes in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and food industries or in medical transplantation. Such processes deal with extremely low temperatures (e.g., -196 °C) and multiple physical states of water, a universal and essential molecule for many biological lifeforms. This study firstly considers the controlled laboratory/industrial artificial conditions used to favor specific water phase transitions during cellular material cryopreservation and lyophilization under the Swiss progenitor cell transplantation program. Both biotechnological tools are successfully used for the long-term storage of biological samples and products, with reversible quasi-arrest of metabolic activities (e.g., cryogenic storage in liquid nitrogen). Secondly, similarities are outlined between such artificial localized environment modifications and some natural ecological niches known to favor metabolic rate modifications (e.g., cryptobiosis) in biological organisms. Specifically, examples of survival to extreme physical parameters by small multi-cellular animals (e.g., tardigrades) are discussed, opening further considerations about the possibility to reversibly slow or temporarily arrest the metabolic activity rates of defined complex organisms in controlled conditions. Key examples of biological organism adaptation capabilities to extreme environmental parameters finally enabled a discussion about the emergence of early primordial biological lifeforms, from natural biotechnology and evolutionary points of view. Overall, the provided examples/similarities confirm the interest in further transposing natural processes and phenomena to controlled laboratory settings with the ultimate goal of gaining better control and modulation capacities over the metabolic activities of complex biological organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Laurent
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Applied Research Department, LAM Biotechnologies SA, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Manufacturing Department, TEC-PHARMA SA, CH-1038 Bercher, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Abdel-Sayed
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- DLL Bioengineering, STI School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Burn Center, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-314-35-10
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Baliña-Sánchez C, Aguilera Y, Adán N, Sierra-Párraga JM, Olmedo-Moreno L, Panadero-Morón C, Cabello-Laureano R, Márquez-Vega C, Martín-Montalvo A, Capilla-González V. Generation of mesenchymal stromal cells from urine-derived iPSCs of pediatric brain tumor patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1022676. [PMID: 36776860 PMCID: PMC9910217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1022676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a virtually inexhaustible source of starting material for next generation cell therapies, offering new opportunities for regenerative medicine. Among different cell sources for the generation of iPSCs, urine cells are clinically relevant since these cells can be repeatedly obtained by non-invasive methods from patients of any age and health condition. These attributes encourage patients to participate in preclinical and clinical research. In particular, the use of urine-derived iPSC products is a convenient strategy for children with brain tumors, which are medically fragile patients. Here, we investigate the feasibility of using urine samples as a source of somatic cells to generate iPSC lines from pediatric patients with brain tumors (BT-iPSC). Urinary epithelial cells were isolated and reprogrammed using non-integrative Sendai virus vectors harboring the Yamanaka factors KLF4, OCT3/4, SOX2 and C-MYC. After reprogramming, BT-iPSC lines were subject to quality assessment and were compared to iPSCs obtained from urine samples of non-tumor pediatric patients (nonT-iPSC). We demonstrated that iPSCs can be successfully derived from a small volume of urine obtained from pediatric patients. Importantly, we showed that BT-iPSCs are equivalent to nonT-iPSCs in terms of morphology, pluripotency, and differentiation capacity into the three germ layers. In addition, both BT-iPSCs and nonT-iPSCs efficiently differentiated into functional mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (iMSC) with immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, this study provides an attractive approach to non-invasively generate personalized iMSC products intended for the treatment of children with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Baliña-Sánchez
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Yolanda Aguilera
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Norma Adán
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús María Sierra-Párraga
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Olmedo-Moreno
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Concepción Panadero-Morón
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Martín-Montalvo
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, Seville, Spain,*Correspondence: Vivian Capilla-González,
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Burns JS. The Evolving Landscape of Potency Assays. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:165-189. [PMID: 37258790 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a "goldilocks" aspect to potency assays. On the one hand, a comprehensive evaluation of the cell product with detailed quantitative measurement of the critical quality attribute/s of the desired biological activity is required. On the other hand, the potency assay benefits from simplification and lean approaches that avoid unnecessary complication and enhance robustness, to provide a reproducible and scalable product. There is a need to balance insightful knowledge of complex biological healing processes with straightforward manufacture of an advanced therapeutic medicinal product (ATMP) that can be administered in a trustworthy cost-effective manner. While earlier chapters within this book have highlighted numerous challenges facing the potency assay conundrum, this chapter offers a forward-looking perspective regarding the many recent advances concerning acellular products, cryopreservation, induced MSC, cell priming, nanotechnology, 3D culture, regulatory guidelines and evolving institutional roles, that are likely to facilitate potency assay development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Burns
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Chinnadurai R, Viswanathan S, Moll G. Editorial: Next generation MSC therapy manufacturing, potency and mechanism of action analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192636. [PMID: 37153609 PMCID: PMC10161792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Raghavan Chinnadurai, ; Sowmya Viswanathan, ; Guido Moll,
| | - Sowmya Viswanathan
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Raghavan Chinnadurai, ; Sowmya Viswanathan, ; Guido Moll,
| | - Guido Moll
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, all Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Raghavan Chinnadurai, ; Sowmya Viswanathan, ; Guido Moll,
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Hackel A, Vollmer S, Bruderek K, Lang S, Brandau S. Immunological priming of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their extracellular vesicles augments their therapeutic benefits in experimental graft-versus-host disease via engagement of PD-1 ligands. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1078551. [PMID: 36875112 PMCID: PMC9978482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1078551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) exert profound anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects in inflammation and tissue damage, which makes them an attractive tool for cellular therapies. In this study we have assessed the inducible immunoregulatory properties of MSCs and their EVs upon stimulation with different combinations of cytokines. First, we found that MSCs primed with IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β, upregulate the expression of PD-1 ligands, as crucial mediators of their immunomodulatory activity. Further, primed MSCs and MSC-EVs, compared to unstimulated MSCs and MSC-EVs, had increased immunosuppressive effects on activated T cells and mediated an enhanced induction of regulatory T cells, in a PD-1 dependent manner. Importantly, EVs derived from primed MSCs reduced the clinical score and prolonged the survival of mice in a model of graft-versus-host disease. These effects could be reversed in vitro and in vivo by adding neutralizing antibodies directed against PD-L1 and PD-L2 to both, MSCs and their EVs. In conclusion, our data reveal a priming strategy that potentiates the immunoregulatory function of MSCs and their EVs. This concept also provides new opportunities to improve the clinical applicability and efficiency of cellular or EV-based therapeutic MSC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hackel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Vollmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bruderek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Hypothermic Preservation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Viable Solution for the Storage and Distribution of Cell Therapy Products. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120805. [PMID: 36551011 PMCID: PMC9774331 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell and gene therapies (CGT) have reached new therapeutic targets but have noticeably high prices. Solutions to reduce production costs might be found in CGT storage and transportation since they typically involve cryopreservation, which is a heavily burdened process. Encapsulation at hypothermic temperatures (e.g., 2-8 °C) could be a feasible alternative. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC(AT)) expanded using fetal bovine serum (FBS)- (MSC-FBS) or human platelet lysate (HPL)-supplemented mediums (MSC-HPL) were encapsulated in alginate beads for 30 min, 5 days, and 12 days. After bead release, cell recovery and viability were determined to assess encapsulation performance. MSC identity was verified by flow cytometry, and a set of assays was performed to evaluate functionality. MSC(AT) were able to survive encapsulated for a standard transportation period of 5 days, with recovery values of 56 ± 5% for MSC-FBS and 77 ± 6% for MSC-HPL (which is a negligible drop compared to earlier timepoints). Importantly, MSC function did not suffer from encapsulation, with recovered cells showing robust differentiation potential, expression of immunomodulatory molecules, and hematopoietic support capacity. MSC(AT) encapsulation was proven possible for a remarkable 12 day period. There is currently no solution to completely replace cryopreservation in CGT logistics and supply chain, although encapsulation has shown potential to act as a serious competitor.
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Ho YK, Loke KM, Woo JY, Lee YL, Too HP. Cryopreservation does not change the performance and characteristics of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells highly over-expressing a cytoplasmic therapeutic transgene for cancer treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:519. [PMID: 36376945 PMCID: PMC9663191 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) driven gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy is a promising approach to deliver therapeutic agents to target heterogenous solid tumours. To democratize such a therapy, cryopreservation along with cold chain transportation is an essential part of the logistical process and supply chain. Previously, we have successfully engineered MSCs by a non-viral DNA transfection approach for prolonged and exceptionally high expression of the fused transgene cytosine deaminase, uracil phosphoribosyl transferase and green fluorescent protein (CD::UPRT::GFP). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cryopreservation of MSCs engineered to highly overexpress this cytoplasmic therapeutic transgene. Methods Modified MSCs were preserved in a commercially available, GMP-grade cryopreservative—CryoStor10 (CS10) for up to 11 months. Performance of frozen-modified MSCs was compared to freshly modified equivalents in vitro. Cancer killing potency was evaluated using four different cancer cell lines. Migratory potential was assessed using matrigel invasion assay and flow cytometric analysis for CXCR4 expression. Frozen-modified MSC was used to treat canine patients via intra-tumoral injections, or by intravenous infusion followed by a daily dose of 5-flucytosine (5FC). Results We found that cryopreservation did not affect the transgene expression, cell viability, adhesion, phenotypic profile, and migration of gene modified canine adipose tissue derived MSCs. In the presence of 5FC, the thawed and freshly modified MSCs showed comparable cytotoxicity towards one canine and three human cancer cell lines in vitro. These cryopreserved cells were stored for about a year and then used to treat no-option-left canine patients with two different types of cancers and notably, the patients showed progression-free interval of more than 20 months, evidence of the effectiveness in treating spontaneously occurring cancers. Conclusion This study supports the use of cryopreserved, off-the-shelf transiently transfected MSCs for cancer treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03198-z.
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Baranovskii DS, Klabukov ID, Arguchinskaya NV, Yakimova AO, Kisel AA, Yatsenko EM, Ivanov SA, Shegay PV, Kaprin AD. Adverse events, side effects and complications in mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies. Stem Cell Investig 2022; 9:7. [PMID: 36393919 PMCID: PMC9659480 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2022-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous clinical studies have shown a wide clinical potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) application. However, recent experience has accumulated numerous reports of adverse events and side effects associated with MSCs therapy. Furthermore, the strategies and methods of MSCs therapy did not change significantly in recent decades despite the clinical impact and awareness of potential complications. An extended understanding of limitations could lead to a wider clinical implementation of safe cell therapies and avoid harmful approaches. Therefore, our objective was to summarize the possible negative effects observed during MSCs-based therapies. We were also aimed to discuss the risks caused by weaknesses in cell processing, including isolation, culturing, and storage. Cell processing and cell culture could dramatically influence cell population profile, change protein expression and cell differentiation paving the way for future negative effects. Long-term cell culture led to accumulation of chromosomal abnormalities. Overdosed antibiotics in culture media enhanced the risk of mycoplasma contamination. Clinical trials reported thromboembolism and fibrosis as the most common adverse events of MSCs therapy. Their delayed manifestation generally depends on the patient's individual phenotype and requires specific awareness during the clinical trials with obligatory inclusion in the patient' informed consents. Finally we prepared the safety checklist, recommended for clinical specialists before administration or planning of MSCs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S. Baranovskii
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya D. Klabukov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Arguchinskaya
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Anna O. Yakimova
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Anastas A. Kisel
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Elena M. Yatsenko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Ivanov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Peter V. Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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Wang Y, Fang J, Liu B, Shao C, Shi Y. Reciprocal regulation of mesenchymal stem cells and immune responses. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1515-1530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Yan F. Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Pulmonary Fibrosis. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:951-965. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihou Guo
- Stem Cell Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Furong Yan
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Stenger E, Giver CR, Langston A, Kota D, Das PK, Chinnadurai R, Galipeau J, Waller EK, Qayed M. Safety of autologous freshly expanded mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959658. [PMID: 36189324 PMCID: PMC9515357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the curative potential of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for hematologic malignancies, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly if treatment is refractory. Treatment with additional immunosuppression including steroids often leads to opportunistic infections and organ dysfunction. Novel therapies are greatly needed, specifically ones that lead to responses in treatment-refractory patients and are better tolerated. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic tolerogenic cells present in normal bone marrow (BM), which can be expanded ex vivo to therapeutic doses. Their safety and efficacy have been assessed in inflammatory disorders including GVHD, but heterogeneity in clinical responses has led some to examine MSC manufacturing and administration procedures, which may impact in vivo efficacy. We hypothesized that autologous, early-passage, and culture-recovered (after freeze and thaw) MSCs would be safe and may have superior efficacy. In this phase I single-center trial, we assessed MSC safety and early efficacy of an escalating number of doses (2 × 106/kg doses; dose level 1, single dose; dose level 2, two weekly doses; dose level 3, four weekly doses) in patients aged ≥12 years with treatment-refractory acute or chronic GVHD. Eleven enrolled patients received some or all planned MSC infusions, with a median age at enrollment of 37 years. The most common primary HCT indication was leukemia, and the median time from HCT to first MSC infusion was 2.6 years. MSC infusion was well tolerated, with all severe adverse events expected and determined to be unlikely or definitely not related to the study. Thus, no dose-limiting toxicities occurred in the three dose levels. Three of four patients with acute GVHD (or overlap with acute features) had responses seen at any timepoint, ranging from partial to complete. In those with a chronic GVHD indication (n = 7), an overall response at 3 months was partial in five, stable in one, and progressive in one. No appreciable differences were seen between dose levels in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. In conclusion, autologous and culture-recovered MSCs were safe in the setting of refractory GVHD following HCT for hematologic malignancy, and clinical responses were most notable in patients with acute GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Stenger
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cynthia R. Giver
- Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplant Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amelia Langston
- Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplant Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daniel Kota
- Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplant Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pankoj Kumar Das
- Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplant Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplant Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Muna Qayed
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Muna Qayed,
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Guillamat-Prats R. Role of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Coagulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810393. [PMID: 36142297 PMCID: PMC9499599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in disease models in order to control several phases in the response to injuries, immune reaction, wound healing, and regeneration. MSCs can act upon both the innate and adaptive immune systems and target a broad number of functions, such as the secretion of cytokines, proteolytic enzymes, angiogenic factors, and the regulating of cell proliferation and survival. The role of MSCs in coagulation has been less studied. This review evaluates the properties and main functions of MSCs in coagulation. MSCs can regulate coagulation in a wide range of pathways. MSCs express and release tissue factors (TF), one of the key regulators of the extrinsic coagulation pathways; MSCs can trigger platelet production and contribute to platelet activation. Altogether, MSCs seem to have a pro-thrombotic role and their superior characterization prior to their administration is necessary in order to prevent adverse coagulation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- Lung Immunity Translational Research Group in Respiratory Diseases, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08914 Badalona, Spain
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Ekpo MD, Xie J, Liu X, Onuku R, Boafo GF, Tan S. Incorporating Cryopreservation Evaluations Into the Design of Cell-Based Drug Delivery Systems: An Opinion Paper. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967731. [PMID: 35911753 PMCID: PMC9334677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Davis Ekpo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingxian Xie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjian Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Raphael Onuku
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - George Frimpong Boafo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Songwen Tan,
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Grégoire C, Layios N, Lambermont B, Lechanteur C, Briquet A, Bettonville V, Baudoux E, Thys M, Dardenne N, Misset B, Beguin Y. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Severe COVID-19: Preliminary Results of a Phase I/II Clinical Trial. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932360. [PMID: 35860245 PMCID: PMC9291273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTreatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with COronaVIrus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) currently relies on dexamethasone and supportive mechanical ventilation, and remains associated with high mortality. Given their ability to limit inflammation, induce immune cells into a regulatory phenotype and stimulate tissue repair, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising therapy for severe and critical COVID-19 disease, which is associated with an uncontrolled immune-mediated inflammatory response.MethodsIn this phase I-II trial, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 3 intravenous infusions of bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs at 3-day intervals in patients with severe COVID-19. All patients also received dexamethasone and standard supportive therapy. Between June 2020 and September 2021, 8 intensive care unit patients requiring supplemental oxygen (high-flow nasal oxygen in 7 patients, invasive mechanical ventilation in 1 patient) were treated with BM-MSCs. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of these MSC-treated patients with those of 24 matched control patients. Groups were compared by paired statistical tests.ResultsMSC infusions were well tolerated, and no adverse effect related to MSC infusions were reported (one patient had an ischemic stroke related to aortic endocarditis). Overall, 3 patients required invasive mechanical ventilation, including one who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, but all patients ultimately had a favorable outcome. Survival was significantly higher in the MSC group, both at 28 and 60 days (100% vs 79.2%, p = 0.025 and 100% vs 70.8%, p = 0.0082, respectively), while no significant difference was observed in the need for mechanical ventilation nor in the number of invasive ventilation-free days, high flow nasal oxygenation-free days, oxygen support-free days and ICU-free days. MSC-treated patients also had a significantly lower day-7 D-dimer value compared to control patients (median 821.0 µg/L [IQR 362.0-1305.0] vs 3553 µg/L [IQR 1155.0-6433.5], p = 0.0085).ConclusionsBM-MSC therapy is safe and shows very promising efficacy in severe COVID-19, with a higher survival in our MSC cohort compared to matched control patients. These observations need to be confirmed in a randomized controlled trial designed to demonstrate the efficacy of BM-MSCs in COVID-19 ARDS.Clinical Trial Registration(www.ClinicalTrials.gov), identifier NCT04445454
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Grégoire
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Center of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée - Infection, Immunité & Inflammation (GIGA-I3), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA) Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Céline Grégoire, ; Yves Beguin,
| | - Nathalie Layios
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Center of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cardiology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA) Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Lambermont
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Center of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-In silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Chantal Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, University Hospital Center of Liège and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Briquet
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, University Hospital Center of Liège and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Virginie Bettonville
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, University Hospital Center of Liège and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Baudoux
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, University Hospital Center of Liège and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Thys
- Department of Medico-Economic Information, University Hospital Center of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadia Dardenne
- University Hospital Center of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoît Misset
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Center of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Center of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée - Infection, Immunité & Inflammation (GIGA-I3), Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA) Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, University Hospital Center of Liège and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Céline Grégoire, ; Yves Beguin,
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Zheng D, Bhuvan T, Payne NL, Heng TSP. Secondary Lymphoid Organs in Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy: More Than Just a Filter. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892443. [PMID: 35784291 PMCID: PMC9243307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated therapeutic potential in inflammatory models of human disease. However, clinical translation has fallen short of expectations, with many trials failing to meet primary endpoints. Failure to fully understand their mechanisms of action is a key factor contributing to the lack of successful commercialisation. Indeed, it remains unclear how the long-ranging immunomodulatory effects of MSCs can be attributed to their secretome, when MSCs undergo apoptosis in the lung shortly after intravenous infusion. Their apoptotic fate suggests that efficacy is not based solely on their viable properties, but also on the immune response to dying MSCs. The secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) orchestrate immune responses and play a key role in immune regulation. In this review, we will discuss how apoptotic cells can modify immune responses and highlight the importance of MSC-immune cell interactions in SLOs for therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zheng
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tejasvini Bhuvan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie L. Payne
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracy S. P. Heng
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Tracy S. P. Heng,
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Hort S, Herbst L, Bäckel N, Erkens F, Niessing B, Frye M, König N, Papantoniou I, Hudecek M, Jacobs JJL, Schmitt RH. Toward Rapid, Widely Available Autologous CAR-T Cell Therapy – Artificial Intelligence and Automation Enabling the Smart Manufacturing Hospital. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:913287. [PMID: 35733863 PMCID: PMC9207622 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.913287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy is a promising treatment for acute leukemia and lymphoma. CAR-T cell therapies take a pioneering role in autologous gene therapy with three EMA-approved products. However, the chance of clinical success remains relatively low as the applicability of CAR-T cell therapy suffers from long, labor-intensive manufacturing and a lack of comprehensive insight into the bioprocess. This leads to high manufacturing costs and limited clinical success, preventing the widespread use of CAR-T cell therapies. New manufacturing approaches are needed to lower costs to improve manufacturing capacity and shorten provision times. Semi-automated devices such as the Miltenyi Prodigy® were developed to reduce hands-on production time. However, these devices are not equipped with the process analytical technology necessary to fully characterize and control the process. An automated AI-driven CAR-T cell manufacturing platform in smart manufacturing hospitals (SMH) is being developed to address these challenges. Automation will increase the cost-effectiveness and robustness of manufacturing. Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to interpret the data collected on the platform will provide valuable process insights and drive decisions for process optimization. The smart integration of automated CAR-T cell manufacturing platforms into hospitals enables the independent manufacture of autologous CAR-T cell products. In this perspective, we will be discussing current challenges and opportunities of the patient-specific but highly automated, AI-enabled CAR-T cell manufacturing. A first automation concept will be shown, including a system architecture based on current Industry 4.0 approaches for AI integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hort
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Simon Hort
| | - Laura Herbst
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Niklas Bäckel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frederik Erkens
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bastian Niessing
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maik Frye
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Niels König
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Greece (FORTH), Patras, Greece
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus the Leuven R&D Translational Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Robert H. Schmitt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Aachen, Germany
- Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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