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ICHIKAWA Y, IINUMA Y, OKAGAWA T, SHIMBO R, ENKHTUUL B, KHURTSBAATAR O, KINOSHITA Y, NIWA H, AOSHIMA K, KOBAYASHI A, BATBAATAR V, OHASHI K, KIMURA T. Comparison of immunogenicity of 17 Burkholderia mallei antigens and whole cell lysate using indirect ELISA. J Vet Med Sci 2025; 87:394-401. [PMID: 40044168 PMCID: PMC11964862 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.25-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2025] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Glanders is a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)-notifiable equine disease caused by the infection of Burkholderia mallei, and is endemic in Mongolia, South Asia, Africa, and South America. While the complement fixation test (CFT) has been widely used for serodiagnosis of glanders and is considered a standard serological test, it has several limitations. These limitations include poor specificity, labor intensive techniques, variability in antigen and protocol. Consequently, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (iELISAs) based on recombinant proteins have been developed as alternative serodiagnostic assays to address some of the challenges associated with the CFT. The accuracy of iELISA relies on the B. mallei proteins used as an antigen. Hence, to determine the best diagnostic candidate in iELISA, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, a comparison of 17 immunogenic B. mallei proteins and detergent-based whole cell lysate (WCL) was performed. According to the sensitivity and specificity on the sera from glanderous and non-glanderous Mongolian native horses, iELISA using Hcp1, GroEL, and detergent-based WCL represented the highest diagnostic accuracy. These three candidates did not have cross-reactivity to horse sera with several other equine diseases. WCL, Hcp1, and GroEL showed considerable potential as antigens for iELISA in the serodiagnosis of glanders in Mongolia. Detergent-based WCL extraction offers a consistent approach for the preparation of reliable B. mallei antigen. WCL-iELISA should be further validated in a large-scale study to meet WOAH demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki ICHIKAWA
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical
Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yukiko IINUMA
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohiro OKAGAWA
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryo SHIMBO
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical
Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Batchuluun ENKHTUUL
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Institute
of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ochirbat KHURTSBAATAR
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Institute
of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Yuta KINOSHITA
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association,
Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu NIWA
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association,
Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keisuke AOSHIMA
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical
Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsushi KOBAYASHI
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical
Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Vanaabaatar BATBAATAR
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Institute
of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Kazuhiko OHASHI
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Affairs Office, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi KIMURA
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical
Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Gasqué M, Guernier-Cambert V, Manuel G, Aaziz R, Terret J, Deshayes T, Baudrimont X, Breurec S, Rochelle-Newall E, Laroucau K. Reassessing the distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei outside known endemic areas using animal serological screening combined with environmental surveys: The case of Les Saintes (Guadeloupe) and French Guiana. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011977. [PMID: 39325817 PMCID: PMC11515966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melioidosis, an emerging infectious disease that affects both humans and animals, is caused by the soil-dwelling bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is endemic in South and Southeast Asia, and northern Australia, causing an estimated 165,000 human cases annually worldwide. Human cases have been reported in the French West Indies (Martinique and Guadeloupe) since the 1990s. Conversely, no human cases have been reported in French Guiana, a French territory in South America. Our study aimed to investigate whether B. pseudomallei is locally established in Guadeloupe and French Guiana using animals as a proxy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Blood samples were collected from different animals from 56 farms in French Guiana (n = 670) and from two goat farms in Les Saintes (n = 31), part of the Guadeloupe archipelago and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In Les Saintes, a serological follow-up was performed, and soil, water and goat rectal swabs were collected and analyzed by culture and PCR. The highest seroprevalence rates (39%) were observed in goats in Les Saintes, followed by horses (24%) and cattle (16%) in French Guiana. In the two goat farms, supplementary analyses detected B. pseudomallei from one goat rectal swab, and a B. pseudomallei strain was isolated from the soil. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our animal serological data suggest the presence of B. pseudomallei in Les Saintes and French Guiana. In Les Saintes, environmental surveys confirmed the endemicity of the bacteria, which is consistent with documented human cases of melioidosis on the island. We did not conduct an environmental survey in French Guiana. Nevertheless, our serological results call for local environmental surveys and a retrospective reassessment of human infections with melioidosis-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Gasqué
- Animal health laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Laboratory, Anses, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences-Paris (iEES-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Vanina Guernier-Cambert
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences-Paris (iEES-Paris), Paris, France
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gil Manuel
- Veterinary clinic of Carmel, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Rachid Aaziz
- Animal health laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Laboratory, Anses, Paris, France
| | - Jules Terret
- Animal health laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Laboratory, Anses, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Deshayes
- Animal health laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Laboratory, Anses, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Baudrimont
- Unit for Animal and Plant Health and Protection Environment (SPAVE), Directorate for Environment, Agriculture, Food and Forestry (DEAAF), Veterinary and Phytosanitary Inspection Service (SIVEP), French Guiana, France
| | - Sébastien Breurec
- Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Emma Rochelle-Newall
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences-Paris (iEES-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Karine Laroucau
- Animal health laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Laboratory, Anses, Paris, France
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Ichikawa Y, Borjigin L, Enkhtuul B, Khurtsbaatar O, Aoshima K, Kobayashi A, Batbaatar V, Kimura T. First molecular characterization of Burkholderia mallei strains isolated from horses in Mongolia. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105616. [PMID: 38852916 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Glanders, a highly contagious and often fatal disease affecting equids, is caused by Burkholderia mallei. Although sporadic cases of equine glanders have recently been documented in Mongolia, genome sequencing and molecular studies of the bacteria within this region are lacking. This study provided the first molecular characterization of B. mallei isolated from four native Mongolian horses from two different provinces in 2019 and 2022 by applying whole-genome sequencing with two SNP types (previously developed genotyping with 15 SNP markers that provide global coverage of the B. mallei population and the core genome coding SNP typing developed in this study). The Mongolian isolates were located within the L3B1 cluster, which was previously associated with the V-120 strain from Russia. Within the L3B1 cluster shared by neighboring countries, they were in a unique subbranch. In this study, specific SNP markers unique to the Mongolian strains were identified to track these strains using a high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA). This study revealed the unique phylogenetic background of Mongolian strains isolated from the eastern part of Mongolia. HRMA specific to the Mongolian subbranch may contribute to the molecular epidemiological monitoring of glanders in Mongolia and surrounding countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Liushiqi Borjigin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Batchuluun Enkhtuul
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Khan-Uul district, Zaisan, 17024 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ochirbat Khurtsbaatar
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Khan-Uul district, Zaisan, 17024 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Keisuke Aoshima
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Models, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Vanaabaatar Batbaatar
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Khan-Uul district, Zaisan, 17024 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Moura RDC, de Oliveira FA, Bezerra DDO, Pinheiro REE, Sfaciotte RAP, Fonteque JH, Ferraz SM, de Oliveira RP, Scheeren VFDC, Schwarz DGG. Spread analysis of glanders in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 105:102122. [PMID: 38219337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Brazil is strategic in controlling neglected zoonoses, such as glanders, in its territory. Among the Brazilian states, Piauí is a strategic state for the spread of the disease in the country. The present study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of official cases of glanders in Piauí between 2015 and 2022. The glanders cases were located in the municipalities of the north and central-north mesoregions, mainly in Campo Maior, Teresina and Altos. The highest incidence risk (IR) occurred in of Altos (IR = 257.9), Sussuapara (IR = 158.4), and Teresina (IR = 157.7). A primary cluster was formed with a relative risk of 14.88 between 2019 and 2022, encompassing 34 municipalities in the north and central-north regions. In Piauí, glanders is well localized, with the potential for spread across borders. This is the first study demonstrating the distribution of reported cases of glanders in the state of Piauí.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselma de Carvalho Moura
- Graduate Program in Technologies Applied to Animals of Regional Interest (PPGTAIR), Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francisco Alyson de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Technologies Applied to Animals of Regional Interest (PPGTAIR), Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Dayseanny de Oliveira Bezerra
- Graduate Program in Technologies Applied to Animals of Regional Interest (PPGTAIR), Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Raizza Eveline Escórcio Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Technologies Applied to Animals of Regional Interest (PPGTAIR), Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antônio Pilegi Sfaciotte
- Veterinary Department, Agroveterinary Science Center, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Joandes Henrique Fonteque
- Veterinary Department, Agroveterinary Science Center, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Ferraz
- Veterinary Department, Agroveterinary Science Center, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Raylson Pereira de Oliveira
- Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Verônica Flores da Cunha Scheeren
- Veterinary Department, Agroveterinary Science Center, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - David Germano Gonçalves Schwarz
- Graduate Program in Technologies Applied to Animals of Regional Interest (PPGTAIR), Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Veterinary Department, Agroveterinary Science Center, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Gaspar EB, dos Santos LR, do Egito AA, dos Santos MG, Mantovani C, Rieger JDSG, Abrantes GADS, Suniga PAP, Favacho JDM, Pinto IB, Nassar AFDC, dos Santos FL, de Araújo FR. Assessment of the Virulence of the Burkholderia mallei Strain BAC 86/19 in BALB/c Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2597. [PMID: 37894255 PMCID: PMC10609534 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei is an aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile bacillus. As an obligate mammalian pathogen, it primarily affects solipeds. Although rarely transmitted to humans, the disease it causes, glanders, is classified as a zoonosis. The bacterium was officially eradicated in Brazil in 1969; however, it reemerged after three decades. This study aims to assess the virulence of a specific B. mallei strain, isolated in Brazil, in BALB/c mice through intranasal infection. The strain, B. mallei BAC 86/19, was obtained from the tracheal secretion of a young mare displaying positive serology but no clinical signs of glanders. Post-mortem examinations revealed macroscopic lesions consistent with the disease, however. In mice, the LD50 was determined to be approximately 1.59 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/animal. Mice exposed to either 0.1 × LD50 or 1 × LD50 displayed transient weight loss, which resolved after three or five days, respectively. B. mallei persisted within the liver and lung for five days post-infection and in the spleen for seven days. These findings underscore the detectable virulence of the Brazilian B. mallei BAC 86/19 strain in mice, which are relatively resilient hosts. This research points to the importance of the continued investigation of the virulence mechanisms and potential countermeasures associated with B. mallei infections, including their Brazilian isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Baldo Gaspar
- Embrapa South Livestock, BR-153, Km 632, 9 Vila Industrial, Rural Area, Mailbox 242, Bagé 96401-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Lenita Ramires dos Santos
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (L.R.d.S.); (A.A.d.E.); (M.G.d.S.); (F.R.d.A.)
| | - Andréa Alves do Egito
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (L.R.d.S.); (A.A.d.E.); (M.G.d.S.); (F.R.d.A.)
| | - Maria Goretti dos Santos
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (L.R.d.S.); (A.A.d.E.); (M.G.d.S.); (F.R.d.A.)
| | - Cynthia Mantovani
- Embrapa Beef Cattle/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (C.M.); (J.d.S.G.R.); (G.A.d.S.A.); (I.B.P.)
| | - Juliana da Silva Gomes Rieger
- Embrapa Beef Cattle/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (C.M.); (J.d.S.G.R.); (G.A.d.S.A.); (I.B.P.)
| | - Guilherme Augusto de Sousa Abrantes
- Embrapa Beef Cattle/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (C.M.); (J.d.S.G.R.); (G.A.d.S.A.); (I.B.P.)
| | - Paula Adas Pereira Suniga
- MAI/DAI Scholarship, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Costa e Silva Ave., Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science-FAMEZ/UFMS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Senador Filinto Muller Ave., 2443, Campo Grande 79074-460, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid Batista Pinto
- Embrapa Beef Cattle/Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply Scholarship, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (C.M.); (J.d.S.G.R.); (G.A.d.S.A.); (I.B.P.)
| | | | - Fernando Leandro dos Santos
- UFPE Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil;
| | - Flábio Ribeiro de Araújo
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Rádio Maia Ave., 830, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (L.R.d.S.); (A.A.d.E.); (M.G.d.S.); (F.R.d.A.)
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Epidemiological Situation of Glanders in the State of Pará, Brazil. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020218. [PMID: 36839490 PMCID: PMC9960513 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glanders is an anthropozoonosis caused by the bacteria Burkholderia mallei, affecting mainly equids. It has been eradicated in North America, Australia, and Western Europe, but continues to occur sporadically in countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and South America. Its notification is mandatory by the World Organization for Animal Health. After 30 years, the disease reappeared in Brazil in 1999 and, thereafter, 1,413 outbreaks have been reported. However, the epidemiological situation of the disease in the country is not adequately known. Thus, 2718 animals from 654 properties in the state of Pará were randomly selected by sampling and examined using a serial protocol with Complement Fixation and Western Blot serological tests. The prevalence of properties infected with glanders in the state was estimated at 1.68% [0.84; 3.33] and of seropositive animals at 0.50% [0.27; 0.94]. The introduction of animals was individualized as a risk factor for disease introduction in the properties (OR = 5.9 [1.4; 25.5]). Despite the low prevalence of infected properties and seropositive animals, the state must review actions to fight the disease, considering that the strategies implemented have not affected the endemic balance of the disease. This process must involve all public and private agents interested in the topic.
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