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Khakhum N, Bharaj P, Myers JN, Tapia D, Walker DH, Endsley JJ, Torres AG. Evaluation of Burkholderia mallei ΔtonB Δhcp1 (CLH001) as a live attenuated vaccine in murine models of glanders and melioidosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007578. [PMID: 31306423 PMCID: PMC6658008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei is a re-emerging zoonotic disease affecting solipeds and humans. Furthermore, B. mallei is genetically related to B. pseudomallei, which is the causative agent of melioidosis. Both facultative intracellular bacteria are classified as tier 1 select biothreat agents. Our previous study with a B. mallei ΔtonB Δhcp1 (CLH001) live-attenuated vaccine demonstrated that it is attenuated, safe and protective against B. mallei wild-type strains in the susceptible BALB/c mouse model. Methodology/Principal finding In our current work, we evaluated the protective efficacy of CLH001 against glanders and melioidosis in the more disease-resistant C57BL/6 mouse strain. The humoral as well as cellular immune responses were also examined. We found that CLH001-immunized mice showed 100% survival against intranasal and aerosol challenge with B. mallei ATCC 23344. Moreover, this vaccine also afforded significant cross-protection against B. pseudomallei K96243, with low level bacterial burden detected in organs. Immunization with a prime and boost regimen of CLH001 induced significantly greater levels of total and subclasses of IgG, and generated antigen-specific splenocyte production of IFN-γ and IL-17A. Interestingly, protection induced by CLH001 is primarily dependent on humoral immunity, while CD4+ and CD8+ T cells played a less critical protective role. Conclusions/Significance Our data indicate that CLH001 serves as an effective live attenuated vaccine to prevent glanders and melioidosis. The quantity and quality of antibody responses as well as improving cell-mediated immune responses following vaccination need to be further investigated prior to advancement to preclinical studies. Glanders (caused by Burkholderia. mallei) and melioidosis (caused by B. pseudomallei) are severe infectious diseases of concern worldwide because of the rising number of cases and mortality rate. The low infectious doses of these two pathogens along with their amenability for aerosolization are factors that could be exploited as potential biothreat agents. Once the diseases have developed in humans and animals, intrinsic resistance to broad classes of antibiotics becomes a challenge for treatment and increases the risk for relapse. The progress in vaccine development demonstrates that live attenuated vaccine strains are the most effective in protection and providing long-lasting immune responses against both diseases. Our data indicate that the B. mallei double mutant (ΔtonB Δhcp1) strain CLH001, is a feasible vaccine candidate to prevent glanders and melioidosis, especially for biodefense and public health purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Khakhum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Preeti Bharaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julia N. Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel Tapia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David H. Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Janice J. Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Elschner MC, Laroucau K, Singha H, Tripathi BN, Saqib M, Gardner I, Saini S, Kumar S, El-Adawy H, Melzer F, Khan I, Malik P, Sauter-Louis C, Neubauer H. Evaluation of the comparative accuracy of the complement fixation test, Western blot and five enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for serodiagnosis of glanders. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214963. [PMID: 30951554 PMCID: PMC6450644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glanders is a zoonotic contagious disease of equids caused by Burkholderia (B.) mallei. Serodiagnosis of the disease is challenging because of false-positive and false-negative test results. The accuracy of the complement fixation test (CFT) which is prescribed for international trade by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), five ELISAs and a Western blot (WB) were compared for serodiagnosis of glanders using sera from 3,000 glanders-free and 254 glanderous equids. Four ELISA tests are based on recombinant antigens (TssA, TssB, BimA and Hcp1), the IDVet ELISA is based on a semi-purified fraction of B. mallei and WB makes use of a purified LPS-containing B. mallei-antigen. Sensitivity and specificity of tests were estimated using cut-off values recommended by the test developers. The WB and all ELISAs, except BimA, were significantly more specific than the CFT. ELISAs based on TssA, TssB, and BimA antigens had significantly lower sensitivity compared to CFT while the sensitivities of the Hcp1-ELISA, the IDVet-ELISA and the WB did not differ significantly from that of the CFT. Given their comparable sensitivities and specificities, the CFT (98.0%, 96.4%), the WB (96.8%, 99.4%), the Hcp1-ELISA (95.3%, 99.6%) and the IDVet-ELISA (92.5%, 99.5%) should be further developed to meet OIE requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Carolina Elschner
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Karine Laroucau
- Paris Est University, Animal Health Laboratory, EU-Reference Laboratory for Glanders, Maisons Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Harisankar Singha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research—National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | | | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ian Gardner
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, UPEI, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Sheetal Saini
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research—National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Microbiology Division, Gwalior, India
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Praveen Malik
- Chaudhary Charan Singh, National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Baghpat, India
| | - Carola Sauter-Louis
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
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Watkins PE. From glanders to globulins: A study in comparative medicine. J Med Biogr 2017; 25:98-105. [PMID: 26307410 DOI: 10.1177/0967772015601567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The anti-globulin test was described in 1945, and ever since has been synonymous with the lead author, Robin Coombs, a young veterinary surgeon, at that time embarking on a career in immunological research. This was marked by a number of important contributions in the field, including the description and categorisation of hypersensitivity reactions, co-authored with Philip Gell. Together they wrote the classical text, Clinical Aspects of Immunology, which has been updated and republished over the ensuing 50 years. Although Robin Coombs is best remembered for his contributions to medical immunology, he made a number of significant early advances in the field of veterinary immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Watkins
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of History, Philosophy and Religion, Centre for Health, Medicine and Society, Oxford Brookes University, UK
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Moustafa DA, Scarff JM, Garcia PP, Cassidy SKB, DiGiandomenico A, Waag DM, Inzana TJ, Goldberg JB. Recombinant Salmonella Expressing Burkholderia mallei LPS O Antigen Provides Protection in a Murine Model of Melioidosis and Glanders. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132032. [PMID: 26148026 PMCID: PMC4492786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are the etiologic agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. These bacteria are highly infectious via the respiratory route and can cause severe and often fatal diseases in humans and animals. Both species are considered potential agents of biological warfare; they are classified as category B priority pathogens. Currently there are no human or veterinary vaccines available against these pathogens. Consequently efforts are directed towards the development of an efficacious and safe vaccine. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an immunodominant antigen and potent stimulator of host immune responses. B. mallei express LPS that is structurally similar to that expressed by B. pseudomallei, suggesting the possibility of constructing a single protective vaccine against melioidosis and glanders. Previous studies of others have shown that antibodies against B. mallei or B. pseudomallei LPS partially protect mice against subsequent lethal virulent Burkholderia challenge. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of recombinant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL3261 expressing B. mallei O antigen against lethal intranasal infection with Burkholderia thailandensis, a surrogate for biothreat Burkholderia spp. in a murine model that mimics melioidosis and glanders. All vaccine-immunized mice developed a specific antibody response to B. mallei and B. pseudomallei O antigen and to B. thailandensis and were significantly protected against challenge with a lethal dose of B. thailandensis. These results suggest that live-attenuated SL3261 expressing B. mallei O antigen is a promising platform for developing a safe and effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A. Moustafa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital of Atlanta, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Scarff
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Preston P. Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sara K. B. Cassidy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Antonio DiGiandomenico
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David M. Waag
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Inzana
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine and Virginia Tech-Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Joanna B. Goldberg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital of Atlanta, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lafontaine ER, Zimmerman SM, Shaffer TL, Michel F, Gao X, Hogan RJ. Use of a safe, reproducible, and rapid aerosol delivery method to study infection by Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76804. [PMID: 24098563 PMCID: PMC3788738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is a saprophytic bacterium readily isolated from wet soils of countries bordering the equator. Burkholderia mallei is a host-adapted clone of B. pseudomallei that does not persist outside of its equine reservoir and causes the zoonosis glanders, which is endemic in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and South America. Infection by these organisms typically occurs via percutaneous inoculation or inhalation of aerosols, and the most common manifestation is severe pneumonia leading to fatal bacteremia. Glanders and melioidosis are difficult to diagnose and require prolonged antibiotic therapy with low success rates. There are no vaccines available to protect against either Burkholderia species, and there is concern regarding their use as biological warfare agents given that B. mallei has previously been utilized in this manner. Hence, experiments were performed to establish a mouse model of aerosol infection to study the organisms and develop countermeasures. Using a hand-held aerosolizer, BALB/c mice were inoculated intratracheally with strains B. pseudomallei 1026b and B. mallei ATCC23344 and growth of the agents in the lungs, as well as dissemination to the spleen, were examined. Mice infected with 102, 103 and 104 organisms were unable to control growth of B. mallei in the lungs and bacteria rapidly disseminated to the spleen. Though similar results were observed in mice inoculated with 103 and 104B. pseudomallei cells, animals infected with 102 organisms controlled bacterial replication in the lungs, dissemination to the spleen, and the extent of bacteremia. Analysis of sera from mice surviving acute infection revealed that animals produced antibodies against antigens known to be targets of the immune response in humans. Taken together, these data show that small volume aerosol inoculation of mice results in acute disease, dose-dependent chronic infection, and immune responses that correlate with those seen in human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Lafontaine
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shawn M. Zimmerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Teresa L. Shaffer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Frank Michel
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiudan Gao
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Hogan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Budchenko AA, Mazurova II, Iliukhin VI. [Study of extracellular antigens by immunodiffusion methods in differentiation of pathogenic burkholderiae]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2012:54-60. [PMID: 22442972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM Isolation and composition comparison of extracellular antigens (ECA) of pathogenic burkholderiae in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and their use for differentiation of these microorganisms by immunodiffusion methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 Burkholderia pseudomallei strains, 14 B. mallei strains, 5 B. thailandensis strains, 4 B. cepacia strains were studied. ECA was obtained by Liu technique on F-agar covered with cellophane. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was performed in 10% gel by Laemmli, immunodiffusion reaction (IDR) in 1% agarose gel, IDR with live cultures, immunoelectrophoresis (IEPH) was performed by the standard techniques. Sera was obtained by immunizing rabbits with a mixture of ECA and incomplete Freund adjuvant. RESULTS ECA spectra of typical strains of the studied burkholderiae strains after the electrophoresis in SDS-PAGE stained by silver have 8 - 9 major fractions. ECA electrophoregrams of B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis had a high similarity. ECA analysis by IDR with antisera against ECA revealed maximum number of cross-reactive ECA (3) between B. pseudomallei B. thailandensis. These strains had only a single crossreactive ECA to B. mallei strain. IDR with live culture and antisera to B. thailandensis ECA revealed ECA in all the B. pseudomallei, B. thailandensis strains and did not reveal those in B. mallei strains. Analysis of electrophoregram obtained with IEPH method of pathogenic burkholderiae ECA with antisera to ECA revealed differences of the composition sufficient for their differentiation. CONCLUSION The differences of ECA composition revealed by immunodiffusion methods allowed to develop additional approaches of differentiation ofglanders and melioidosis pathogenic agents.
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Amemiya K, Meyers JL, Deshazer D, Riggins RN, Halasohoris S, England M, Ribot W, Norris SL, Waag DM. Detection of the host immune response to Burkholderia mallei heat-shock proteins GroEL and DnaK in a glanders patient and infected mice. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 59:137-47. [PMID: 17908615 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis, the host immune response to 2 heat-shock proteins (hsps) in a patient and mice previously infected with Burkholderia mallei. The patient was the first reported human glanders case in 50 years in the United States. The expression of the groEL and dnaK operons appeared to be dependent upon a sigma(32) RNA polymerase as suggested by conserved heat-shock promoter sequences, and the groESL operon may be negatively regulated by a controlling invert repeat of chaperone expression (CIRCE) site. In the antisera, the GroEL protein was found to be more immunoreactive than the DnaK protein in both a human patient and mice previously infected with B. mallei. Examination of the supernatant of a growing culture of B. mallei showed that more GroEL protein than DnaK protein was released from the cell. This may occur similarly within an infected host causing an elevated host immune response to the B. mallei hsps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Amemiya
- Bacteriology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Piven' NN, Avrorova IV, Zhukova SI, Drefs NM, Lomova LV, Proshina OB, Alekseev VV, Kapliev VI. [Phagocytosis of Burkholderia mallei as a criterion for immunogenicity evaluation of its capsular antigens]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2007:86-9. [PMID: 17672140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Test-system using index of phagocytosis of noncapsulated mutant loaded by one of the several capsular antigenic complexes was developed and used for screening for both immunogenic and protective capsular antigens of B. mallei. Direct correlation between index of phagocytosis, level of delayed-type hypersensivity, and protective effect of capsular antigens has been shown on the model of experimental melioidosis in susceptible white mice, guinea pigs and white rats. Obtained results let to use the developed test-system for initial selection of B. mallei protective capsular antigens and their further study as potential components of preparations for specific prophylaxis of glanders and melioidosis.
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Fernandes PJ, Guo Q, Waag DM, Donnenberg MS. The type IV pilin of Burkholderia mallei is highly immunogenic but fails to protect against lethal aerosol challenge in a murine model. Infect Immun 2007; 75:3027-32. [PMID: 17403869 PMCID: PMC1932848 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00150-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei is the cause of glanders and a proven biological weapon. We identified and purified the type IV pilin protein of this organism to study its potential as a subunit vaccine. We found that purified pilin was highly immunogenic. Furthermore, mice infected via sublethal aerosol challenge developed significant increases in titers of antibody against the pilin, suggesting that it is expressed in vivo. Nevertheless, we found no evidence that high-titer antipilin antisera provided passive protection against a sublethal or lethal aerosol challenge and no evidence of protection afforded by active immunization with purified pilin. These results contrast with the utility of type IV pilin subunit vaccines against other infectious diseases and highlight the need for further efforts to identify protective responses against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Fernandes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Zou N, Newsome T, Li B, Tsai S, Lo SC. Human single-chain Fv antibodies against Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2007; 232:550-6. [PMID: 17392491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Much effort has been devoted to the development of mouse monoclonal antibodies that react specifically with Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. Our present study focused on the screening of a phage-displayed nonimmune human single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody library against heat-killed B. mallei and B. pseudomallei for the generation of human scFv antibodies specific to the two pathogenic species of bacteria. Using two different panning procedures, we obtained seven different scFv phage antibodies that interacted with the heat-killed whole bacterial cells of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei. Our results demonstrate that panning of a human scFv antibody library against heat-killed whole bacterial cells may provide a valuable strategy for developing human monoclonal antibodies against the highly pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianxiang Zou
- Department of Environmental and Infectious Diseases, American Registry of Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306, USA
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Rowland CA, Lertmemongkolchai G, Bancroft A, Haque A, Lever MS, Griffin KF, Jackson MC, Nelson M, O'Garra A, Grencis R, Bancroft GJ, Lukaszewski RA. Critical role of type 1 cytokines in controlling initial infection with Burkholderia mallei. Infect Immun 2006; 74:5333-40. [PMID: 16926428 PMCID: PMC1594859 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02046-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei is a gram-negative bacterium which causes the potentially fatal disease glanders in humans; however, there is little information concerning cell-mediated immunity to this pathogen. The role of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) during B. mallei infection was investigated using a disease model in which infected BALB/c mice normally die between 40 and 60 days postinfection. IFN-gamma knockout mice infected with B. mallei died within 2 to 3 days after infection, and there was uncontrolled bacterial replication in several organs, demonstrating the essential role of IFN-gamma in the innate immune response to this pathogen. Increased levels of IFN-gamma, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were detected in the sera of immunocompetent mice in response to infection, and splenic mRNA expression of IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-12p35, and IL-27 was elevated 24 h postinfection. The effects of IL-18, IL-27, and IL-12 on stimulation of the rapid IFN-gamma production were investigated in vitro by analyzing IFN-gamma production in the presence of heat-killed B. mallei. IL-12 was essential for IFN-gamma production in vitro; IL-18 was also involved in induction of IFN-gamma, but IL-27 was not required for IFN-gamma production in response to heat-killed B. mallei. The main cellular sources of IFN-gamma were identified in vitro as NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and TCRgammadelta T cells. Our data show that B. mallei is susceptible to cell-mediated immune responses which promote expression of type 1 cytokines. This suggests that development of effective vaccines against glanders should target the production of IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Rowland
- Biomedical Sciences, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Treatment with an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) containing CPG motifs (CpG ODN 7909) was found to protect BALB/c mice from lung infection or death after aerosol challenge with Burkholderia mallei. Protection was associated with enhanced levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-inducible protein 10, interleukin-12 (IL-12), IFN-gamma, and IL-6. Preexposure therapy with CpG ODNs may protect victims of a biological attack from glanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Waag
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
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Treviño SR, Permenter AR, England MJ, Parthasarathy N, Gibbs PH, Waag DM, Chanh TC. Monoclonal antibodies passively protect BALB/c mice against Burkholderia mallei aerosol challenge. Infect Immun 2006; 74:1958-61. [PMID: 16495574 PMCID: PMC1418687 DOI: 10.1128/iai.74.3.1958-1961.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glanders is a debilitating disease with no vaccine available. Murine monoclonal antibodies were produced against Burkholderia mallei, the etiologic agent of glanders, and were shown to be effective in passively protecting mice against a lethal aerosol challenge. The antibodies appeared to target lipopolysaccharide. Humoral antibodies may be important for immune protection against B. mallei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia R Treviño
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5001, USA
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Ulrich RL, Amemiya K, Waag DM, Roy CJ, DeShazer D. Aerogenic vaccination with a Burkholderia mallei auxotroph protects against aerosol-initiated glanders in mice. Vaccine 2005; 23:1986-92. [PMID: 15734072 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2004] [Revised: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 10/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei is an obligate mammalian pathogen that causes the zoonotic disease glanders. Two live attenuated B. mallei strains, a capsule mutant and a branched-chain amino acid auxotroph, were evaluated for use as vaccines against aerosol-initiated glanders in mice. Animals were aerogenically vaccinated and serum samples were obtained before aerosol challenge with a high-dose (>300 times the LD50) of B. mallei ATCC 23344. Mice vaccinated with the capsule mutant developed a Th2-like Ig subclass antibody response and none survived beyond 5 days. In comparison, the auxotrophic mutant elicited a Th1-like Ig subclass antibody response and 25% of the animals survived for 1 month postchallenge. After a low-dose (5 times the LD50) aerosol challenge, the survival rates of auxotroph-vaccinated and unvaccinated animals were 50 and 0%, respectively. Thus, live attenuated strains that promote a Th1-like Ig response may serve as promising vaccine candidates against aerosol infection with B. mallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky L Ulrich
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
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Popov SF, Tikhonov NG, Piven' NN, Avrorova IV, Viktorov DV, Kurilov VI. [Immunobiological properties of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular substances]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2002:60-4. [PMID: 12506631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The biopolymer composition, immunotropic and immunogenic properties of the fractions of B. pseudomallei and B. mallei were under study. The first two capsular fractions of these agents were found to be similar in their biopolymer composition that was indicative of their close relations. At the same time the causative agents of glanders proved to have decreased content of high molecular glycoproteids and LPS fragments. In the causative agents of melioidosis, capsular fractions K3 and K4 were characterized by the domination of proteins with a molecular weight of 42-25 kD. Fraction K4 in B. pseudomallei and fraction K1 in B. mallei had pronounced immunosuppressing properties ensuring the protection of encapsulated microbial cells in the body. The biopolymers forming fractions K1, K2, K3 in B. pseudomallei and fraction K2 in B. mallei were characterized by immunomodulating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Popov
- Research Institute for Plague Control, Volgograd, Russia
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Abstract
Research on melioidosis and its pathogen has been ongoing in China for more than two decades. It has been demonstrated that the natural foci are located predominantly in Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi province, where there is a good correlation between soil isolation and the serum prevalence of antibodies to Burkholderia pseudomallei. The cases of melioidosis reported up to now are concentrated in the Hainan and Zhanjiang peninsula. Investigations on serotype, virulence, ecology, antibiotic susceptibility, whole cell analysis by gas chromatography, and genetics have led to a new understanding of the pathology of the disease. Immunological cross reactions between Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei and the difference between melioidosis and glanders in horses is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yang
- Medical Research Institute, Yan-Ling (510507), Dongguanzhuang Road 91, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. [corrected]
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Katz J, Dewald R, Nicholson J. Procedurally similar competitive immunoassay systems for the serodiagnosis of Babesia equi, Babesia caballi, Trypanosoma equiperdum, and Burkholderia mallei infection in horses. J Vet Diagn Invest 2000; 12:46-50. [PMID: 10690775 DOI: 10.1177/104063870001200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Procedurally similar competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (cELISA) methods were developed for the serodiagnosis of Babesia equi and Babesia caballi (piroplasmosis), Trypanosoma equiperdum (dourine), and Burkholderia mallei (glanders) infections in horses. Apparent test specificities for the B. equi, B. caballi, T. equiperdum, and B. mallei cELISAs were 99.2%, 99.5%, 98.9%, and 98.9%, respectively. Concordances and kappa values between the complement fixation (CF) and the cELISA procedures for the serodiagnosis of B. equi, B. caballi, T. equiperdum, and B. mallei infections in experimentally exposed horses were 76% and 0.55, 89% and 0.78, 97% and 0.95, and 70% and 0.44, respectively. The cELISA method may be a technically more reproducible, objective, and convenient approach for piroplasmosis, dourine, and glanders serodiagnosis in qualifying animals for international movement and disease eradication programs than the CF systems currently in use. Use of the cELISA method also obviated the problems associated with testing hemolyzed or anticomplementary sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Katz
- Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Health Inspection Services, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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Manzeniuk IN, Galina EA, Dorokhin VV, Kalachev II, Borzenkov VN, Svetoch EA. [Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Study of immuno- and pathogenesis of glanders and melioidosis. Heterologous vaccines]. Antibiot Khimioter 1999; 44:21-6. [PMID: 10422574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Parameters of the infectious activity of B.mallei and B.pseudomallei for animals of various species were determined. Pathomorphological characteristics of the process of malleus and melioidosis were studied on golden hamsters, mice, guinea pigs, rats and monkeys. Tularemia, plague and salmonellosis vaccines were shown to have protective effects in experimental malleus and melioidosis. An insignificant cross immune response between the malleus and melioidosis pathogens was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Manzeniuk
- State Research Centre of Applied Microbiology, Obolensk, Moscow Region
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Katz JB, Chieves LP, Hennager SG, Nicholson JM, Fisher TA, Byers PE. Serodiagnosis of equine piroplasmosis, dourine, and glanders using an arrayed immunoblotting method. J Vet Diagn Invest 1999; 11:292-4. [PMID: 10353365 DOI: 10.1177/104063879901100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J B Katz
- Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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Khomiakov IN, Manzeniuk IN, Naumov DV, Svetoch EA. [The principles of the therapy of glanders in monkeys]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1998:70-4. [PMID: 9532692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pathogenetic therapy in the normalization of homeostasis disturbances in monkeys has been shown under experimental conditions. Data on the possibility of using hemosorption in the treatment of severe forms of glanders are presented. The conclusion on the necessity of using complex treatment for the effective therapy of glanders in humans has been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iu N Khomiakov
- State Science Centre of Applied Microbiology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
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Diadishchev NR, Vorob'eva AA, Zakharov SB. [The transfer of antibacterial resistance to recipients highly sensitive to glanders]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1997:81-4. [PMID: 9304339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In multiple experiments on golden hamsters, highly sensitive to glanders, the method of the transfer of antibacterial resistance was worked out. The most positive effect was obtained after the subcutaneous injection of saline-suspended marrow cells, obtained from white rats, infected with Burkholderia mallei C5 in a single inoculation and passaged through noninfected white rats 5 times. Out of 60 golden hamsters, treated with such material and subsequently (on day 21) injected with 1.0 x 10(2) B. mallei cells, 42 animals survived (70%).
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Diadishchev NR, Vorob'ev AA, Zakharov SB. [The pathomorphology and pathogenesis of glanders in laboratory animals]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1997:60-4. [PMID: 9245146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pathomorphology and cell-mediated response of the body to Burkholderia mallei in laboratory animals, highly sensitive and resistant to these bacteria. In the comparative study of the pathomorphology and pathogenesis of glanders in golden hamsters and white rats quantitative and qualitative differences in the histogenesis of response reaction and the morphology of immunocompetent organs were established. Cell-mediated reactions play a greater role in the limitation of the early spread of B. mallei in the host body than antigen-mediated mechanisms.
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Kalachev II, Baídus' AN, Ivanova OA, Ganina EA, Boldyrev IA, Svetoch EA. [Immunogenic potential of glanders and melioidosis agents]. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 1997:32-7. [PMID: 9289277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the glanders agent, the superficial structures of the melioidosis agent were demonstrated to be responsible for marked was immunosuppressive activity. Some antigenic fractions suppressing the blast transformation of lymphocytes, reducing the count of T helpers and profoundly potentiating the infection in vivo were isolated from P. pseudomallei cells. The immunogenic and immunosuppressive activities of both agents' superficial structures were studied by high performance chromatography. Antigenic complexes that were able to protect immunized laboratory animals against fatal infections and to prevent bacterial carriage due to the activation of T cells and to the bacterial activity of macrophages were identified. A composition comprising several immunogens was found to provide an additive protective action against both causative agents. Therefore, the composition may be considered to be a prototype of a molecular antipseudomonadic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Kalachev
- State Scientific Center of Applied Microbiology, Obolensk
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Dunaev GS, Larionov GM, Lobanov AN, Britanova AL, Sheredekina AI, Meshkova LI. [Specific immune complexes and neutrophil injury test in the diagnosis of experimental glanders and melioidosis]. Klin Lab Diagn 1994:46-8. [PMID: 7894914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The authors have demonstrated the possibility of using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to detect specific circulating immune complexes without their preliminary separation in guinea pigs infected with Pseudomonas mallei and Pseudomonas pseudomallei. They have examined the prospects of using neutrophil injury test and solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the detection of specific immune complexes as additional tests used to predict the outcome of an infectious process in glanders and melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hagebock
- US Department of Agriculture, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA 50010
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Fournier J, Dodin A. [Antigenic similarities of Whitman bacillus and glanders bacillus. Trial analysis by immunofluorescence]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 1971; 64:832-6. [PMID: 4117005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhekov S, Stankushev K. [Nonspecific reaction in horses after ophthalmomalleinization]. Veterinariia 1969; 46:120. [PMID: 5393580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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