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Wang Q, Ji C, Ali A, Ding I, Wang Y, McCulloch CA. TRPV4 mediates IL-1-induced Ca 2+ signaling, ERK activation and MMP expression. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23731. [PMID: 38855909 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400031r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Ca2+ permeation through TRPV4 in fibroblasts is associated with pathological matrix degradation. In human gingival fibroblasts, IL-1β binding to its signaling receptor (IL-1R1) induces activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and MMP1 expression, processes that require Ca2+ flux across the plasma membrane. It is not known how IL-1R1, which does not conduct Ca2+, generates Ca2+ signals in response to IL-1. We examined whether TRPV4 mediates the Ca2+ fluxes required for ERK signaling in IL-1 stimulated gingival fibroblasts. TRPV4 was immunostained in fibroblasts of human gingival connective tissue and in focal adhesions of cultured mouse gingival fibroblasts. Human gingival fibroblasts treated with IL-1β showed no change of TRPV4 expression but there was increased MMP1 expression. In mouse, gingival fibroblasts expressing TRPV4, IL-1 strongly increased [Ca2+]i. Pre-incubation of cells with IL-1 Receptor Antagonist blocked Ca2+ entry induced by IL-1 or the TRPV4 agonist GSK101. Knockout of TRPV4 or expression of a non-Ca2+-conducting TRPV4 pore-mutant or pre-incubation with the TRPV4 inhibitor RN1734, blocked IL-1-induced Ca2+ transients and expression of the mouse interstitial collagenase, MMP13. Treatment of mouse gingival fibroblasts with GSK101 phenocopied Ca2+ and ERK responses induced by IL-1; these responses were absent in TRPV4-null cells or cells expressing a non-conducting TRPV4 pore-mutant. Immunostained IL-1R1 localized with TRPV4 in adhesions within cell extensions. While TRPV4 immunoprecipitates analyzed by mass spectrometry showed no association with IL-1R1, TRPV4 associated with Src-related proteins and Src co-immunoprecipitated with TRPV4. Src inhibition reduced IL-1-induced Ca2+ responses. The functional linkage of TRPV4 with IL-1R1 expands its repertoire of innate immune signaling processes by mediating IL-1-driven Ca2+ responses that drive matrix remodeling in fibroblasts. Thus, inhibiting TRPV4 activity may provide a new pharmacological approach for blunting matrix degradation in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chenfan Ji
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aiman Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel Ding
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wang Q, Ji C, Smith P, McCulloch CA. Impact of TRP Channels on Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: Focus on TRPV4 and Collagen. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3566. [PMID: 38612378 PMCID: PMC11012046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Disturbed remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is frequently observed in several high-prevalence pathologies that include fibrotic diseases of organs such as the heart, lung, periodontium, liver, and the stiffening of the ECM surrounding invasive cancers. In many of these lesions, matrix remodeling mediated by fibroblasts is dysregulated, in part by alterations to the regulatory and effector systems that synthesize and degrade collagen, and by alterations to the functions of the integrin-based adhesions that normally mediate mechanical remodeling of collagen fibrils. Cell-matrix adhesions containing collagen-binding integrins are enriched with regulatory and effector systems that initiate localized remodeling of pericellular collagen fibrils to maintain ECM homeostasis. A large cadre of regulatory molecules is enriched in cell-matrix adhesions that affect ECM remodeling through synthesis, degradation, and contraction of collagen fibrils. One of these regulatory molecules is Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-type 4 (TRPV4), a mechanically sensitive, Ca2+-permeable plasma membrane channel that regulates collagen remodeling. The gating of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane by TRPV4 and the consequent generation of intracellular Ca2+ signals affect several processes that determine the structural and mechanical properties of collagen-rich ECM. These processes include the synthesis of new collagen fibrils, tractional remodeling by contractile forces, and collagenolysis. While the specific mechanisms by which TRPV4 contributes to matrix remodeling are not well-defined, it is known that TRPV4 is activated by mechanical forces transmitted through collagen adhesion receptors. Here, we consider how TRPV4 expression and function contribute to physiological and pathological collagen remodeling and are associated with collagen adhesions. Over the long-term, an improved understanding of how TRPV4 regulates collagen remodeling could pave the way for new approaches to manage fibrotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
| | - Chenfan Ji
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Patricio Smith
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8320165, Chile;
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Rajshankar D, Wang Y, McCulloch CA. Osteogenesis requires FAK-dependent collagen synthesis by fibroblasts and osteoblasts. FASEB J 2016; 31:937-953. [PMID: 27881487 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600645r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is critical in adhesion-dependent signaling, but its role in osteogenesis in vivo is ill defined. We deleted Fak in fibroblasts and osteoblasts in Floxed-Fak mice bred with those expressing Cre-recombinase driven by 3.6-kb α1(I)-collagen promoter. Compared with wild-type (WT), conditional FAK-knockout (CFKO) mice were shorter (2-fold; P < 0.0001) and had crooked, shorter tails (50%; P < 0.0001). Microcomputed tomography analysis showed reduced bone volume (4-fold in tails; P < 0.0001; 2-fold in mandibles; P < 0.0001), whereas bone surface area/bone volume increased (3-fold in tails; P < 0.0001; 2.5-fold in mandibles; P < 0.001). Collagen density and fiber alignment in periodontal ligament were reduced by 4-fold (P < 0.0001) and 30% (P < 0.05), respectively, in CFKO mice. In cultured CFKO osteoblasts, mineralization at d 7 and mineralizing colony-forming units at d 21 were 30% (P < 0.0001) and >3-fold less than WT, respectively. Disruptions of FAK function in osteoblasts by conditional knockout, siRNA-knockdown, or FAK inhibitor reduced mRNA and protein expression of Runx2 (>30%), Osterix (>25%), and collagen-1 (2-fold). Collagen synthesis was abrogated in WT osteoblasts with Runx2 knockdown and in Fak-null fibroblasts transfected with an FAK kinase domain mutant or a kinase-impaired mutant (Y397F). These data indicate that FAK regulates osteogenesis through transcription factors that regulate collagen synthesis.-Rajshankar, D., Wang, Y., McCulloch, C. A. Osteogenesis requires FAK-dependent collagen synthesis by fibroblasts and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaarmini Rajshankar
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher A McCulloch
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Historical Perspective of Periodontal Progenitor Cells: Early Studies That Clarified Identity and Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-015-0061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cecchinato F, Karlsson J, Ferroni L, Gardin C, Galli S, Wennerberg A, Zavan B, Andersson M, Jimbo R. Osteogenic potential of human adipose-derived stromal cells on 3-dimensional mesoporous TiO2 coating with magnesium impregnation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 52:225-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Arora PD, Rajshankar D, McCulloch CA. Cell adhesion proteins: roles in periodontal physiology and discovery by proteomics. Periodontol 2000 2015; 63:48-58. [PMID: 23931053 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion molecules expressed by periodontal connective tissue cells are involved in cell migration, matrix remodeling and inflammatory responses to infection. Currently, the processes by which the biologic activity of these molecules are appropriately regulated in time and space to preserve tissue homeostasis, and to control inflammatory responses and tissue regeneration, are not defined. As cell adhesions are heterogeneous, dynamic, contain a complex group of interacting molecules and are strongly influenced by the type of substrate to which they adhere, we focus on how cell adhesions in periodontal connective tissues contribute to information generation and processing that regulate periodontal structure and function. We also consider how proteomic methods can be applied to discover novel cell-adhesion proteins that could potentially contribute to the form and function of periodontal tissues.
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Yashiro Y, Nomura Y, Kanazashi M, Noda K, Hanada N, Nakamura Y. Function of chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12 in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95676. [PMID: 24806431 PMCID: PMC4012992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is one of the connective tissues located between the tooth and bone. It is characterized by rapid turnover. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) play major roles in the rapid turnover of the PDL. Microarray analysis of human PDLFs (HPDLFs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) demonstrated markedly high expression of chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) in the HPDLFs. CXCL12 plays an important role in the migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The function of CXCL12 in the periodontal ligament was investigated in HPDLFs. Expression of CXCL12 in HPDLFs and HDFs was examined by RT-PCR, qRT-PCR and ELISA. Chemotactic ability of CXCL12 was evaluated in both PDLFs and HDFs by migration assay of MSCs. CXCL12 was also immunohistochemically examined in the PDL in vivo. Expression of CXCL12 in the HPDLFs was much higher than that in HDFs in vitro. Migration assay demonstrated that the number of migrated MSCs by HPDLFs was significantly higher than that by HDFs. In addition, the migrated MSCs also expressed CXCL12 and several genes that are familiar to fibroblasts. CXCL12 was immunohistochemically localized in the fibroblasts in the PDL of rat molars. The results suggest that PDLFs synthesize and secrete CXCL12 protein and that CXCL12 induces migration of MSCs in the PDL in order to maintain rapid turnover of the PDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yashiro
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nomura
- Department of Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikimoto Kanazashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Noda
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hanada
- Department of Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Rios H, Koushik SV, Wang H, Wang J, Zhou HM, Lindsley A, Rogers R, Chen Z, Maeda M, Kruzynska-Frejtag A, Feng JQ, Conway SJ. periostin null mice exhibit dwarfism, incisor enamel defects, and an early-onset periodontal disease-like phenotype. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 25:11131-44. [PMID: 16314533 PMCID: PMC1316984 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.24.11131-11144.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin was originally identified as an osteoblast-specific factor and is highly expressed in the embryonic periosteum, cardiac valves, placenta, and periodontal ligament as well as in many adult cancerous tissues. To investigate its role during development, we generated mice that lack the periostin gene and replaced the translation start site and first exon with a lacZ reporter gene. Surprisingly, although periostin is widely expressed in many developing organs, periostin-deficient (peri(lacZ)) embryos are grossly normal. Postnatally, however, approximately 14% of the nulls die before weaning and all of the remaining peri(lacZ) nulls are severely growth retarded. Skeletal analysis revealed that trabecular bone in adult homozygous skeletons was sparse, but overall bone growth was unaffected. Furthermore, by 3 months, the nulls develop an early-onset periodontal disease-like phenotype. Unexpectedly, these mice also show a severe incisor enamel defect, although there is no apparent change in ameloblast differentiation. Significantly, placing the peri(lacZ) nulls on a soft diet that alleviated mechanical strain on the periodontal ligament resulted in a partial rescue of both the enamel and periodontal disease-like phenotypes. Combined, these data suggest that a healthy periodontal ligament is required for normal amelogenesis and that periostin is critically required for maintenance of the integrity of the periodontal ligament in response to mechanical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Rios
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
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Jaunberzins A, Gutmann JL, Witherspoon DE, Harper RP. Effects of calcium hydroxide and transforming [correction of tumor] growth factor-beta on collagen synthesis in subcultures I and V of osteoblasts. J Endod 2000; 26:494-9. [PMID: 11199786 DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200009000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Collagen protein synthesis by osteoblasts is influenced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) and is essential to bone formation. The effectiveness of TGF-beta 1 depends on efficient delivery of the growth factor to target cells, adequate binding to cell surface receptors, and an optimum environment for promotion of collagen synthesis. The effects of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), TGF-beta 1, and Ca(OH)2/TGF-beta 1 co-administration on total protein, collagen protein, and noncollagen protein synthesis by early (subculture I) and late (subculture V) osteoblast cultures were tested. TGF-beta 1 significantly increased all protein synthesis in subculture I osteoblasts (p = 0.001; p < 0.001; p = 0.019). Ca(OH)2/TGF-beta 1 co-administration significantly increased total protein and collagen protein levels in subculture I osteoblasts as well (p = 0.048; p = 0.012). TGF-beta 1 increased total protein and collagen protein synthesis significantly in subculture V cells (p = 0.025; p = 0.01). These data indicate that co-administration of Ca(OH)2 and TGF-beta 1 enhances collagen synthesis by osteoblasts and may have implications for the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jaunberzins
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate Endodontics, TAMUS, Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Matsumura K, Hyon SH, Nakajima N, Peng C, Tsutsumi S. Surface modification of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVA). Part I. Introduction of carboxyl groups and immobilization of collagen. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2000; 50:512-7. [PMID: 10756309 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(20000615)50:4<512::aid-jbm6>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the surface biocompatibility of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVA) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), carboxyl groups were introduced by ozone exposure. Type I collagen was immobilized onto the surface through polyion complexing. The carboxyl groups on the EVA were characterized by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and neutralization. The amounts of the carboxylic group and collagen increased with increases in time and temperature of exposure. Water-soluble fragments were produced by ozone exposure to EVA, and they acted as collagen crosslinkers. The differences in charge distribution of carboxyl groups affected the amount of collagen immobilization. Graft polymerization of acrylic acid was also carried out onto EVA and HDPE surfaces. The amount of collagen immobilized by graft polymerization was much higher than that by ozone exposure despite the introduction of almost the same amounts of carboxylic groups. It was suggested that the negative charge distribution influences the amount of collagen immobilized onto films.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsumura
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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11
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Lekic PC, Pender N, McCulloch CA. Is fibroblast heterogeneity relevant to the health, diseases, and treatments of periodontal tissues? CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1997; 8:253-68. [PMID: 9260043 DOI: 10.1177/10454411970080030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There are wide variations of gene expression and strikingly different responses to extracellular signals among different fibroblast populations. This has prompted a large number of in vitro studies which suggest that fibroblasts are not homogeneous but instead comprise multiple subpopulations with extensive site-to-site and intra-site variations. Conceivably, either fibroblasts are not all created equal, or, alternatively, discrete subpopulations may emerge in development, inflammatory lesions, or wound healing. While the heterogeneous nature of cultured fibroblasts has been known for some time, are these variations relevant to our understanding of the biology of oral tissues, their involvement in disease, and their response to therapy? Since fibroblasts are the predominant cell type in soft connective tissue matrices, the regulation of their proliferative, synthetic, and degradative behavior is likely to be important in tissue physiology and pathology. In this review, we use the current literature to assess whether fibroblast subpopulations really make a difference in the health and disease of periodontal tissues. We address the following questions: (1) Is fibroblast heterogeneity a real in vivo phenomenon? (2) How can we advance our knowledge of phenotypic variations and the regulation of fibroblast differentiation? (3) Could a knowledge of fibroblast heterogeneity have an impact on the development of new approaches to pathogenesis and the treatment of periodontal tissues?
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Lekic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Ohshima M, Otsuka K, Suzuki K. Interleukin-1 beta stimulates collagenase production by cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 1994; 29:421-9. [PMID: 7877078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1994.tb01244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effects of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on collagenase production by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF) and gingival fibroblasts (GF) in culture, collagenase activity in conditioned media was determined using a novel procedure that circumvented interference by enzyme inhibitors. Fibroblasts obtained from five paired periodontal ligament and gingival tissues were cultured for two weeks, and then incubated for a further 72 h in alpha-MEM supplemented with various concentrations of IL-1 beta (0 to 1250 pg/ml). The conditioned media from individual cultures were harvested and treated with dithiothreitol to inactivate TIMPs, and then with APMA, to activate the latent collagenase. Collagenase activity was measured fluorometrically using FITC-collagen as a substrate. IL-1 beta induced a approximately 2.4 to 5.2-fold increase in collagenase activity in PLF compared to a approximately 1.4 to 2.2-fold increase in GF. These results are in contrast to previous studies in which collagenase activity was measured in the presence of TIMPs, and indicate that PLF are more sensitive to IL-1 beta than GF. Since both PLF and GF are present in periodontal lesions, it is possible that collagenase secretion stimulated by exposure to inflammatory cell products such as IL-1 beta may participate in the destruction of collagen fibers involved in periodontal attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mariotti
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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14
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Huang YH, Ohsaki Y, Kurisu K. Distribution of type I and type III collagen in the developing periodontal ligament of mice. MATRIX (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 1991; 11:25-35. [PMID: 2027328 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8832(11)80224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to localize type I and type III collagen in developing periodontal ligament, immunofluorescent and immunoelectron microscopic examinations were undertaken. The materials used were the maxillary molars of CF1 mice, 13 days to 6 months old. The antibodies used were monospecific polyclonal antibodies against type I or type III collagen raised in rabbits or guinea pigs, respectively. Single- and double-staining methods were employed in immunofluorescent as well as immunoelectron microscopic examinations. In immunofluorescent examinations, during the development of the periodontal ligament, periodontal fibers showed intense and homogenous staining for both type I and type III collagen; while Sharpey's fibers in the alveolar bone showed a heterogenous staining in cross and longitudinal sections for both types of collagen. In immunoelectron microscopic examinations, fibrils of periodontal fibers showed positive staining for type I and type III collagen simultaneously and had characteristic cross-banding and had a large diameter (ranging 40 approximately 80 nm) which remained constant during development. Sharpey's fibers in the alveolar bone or in the cementum showed the same staining pattern as the periodontal fibers, except for an afibrillar area which showed negative staining for both type I and type III collagen. The results obtained suggest that periodontal fibers and Sharpey's fibers consist of cofibrils of at least type I and type III collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Oikarinen K. Tooth splinting: a review of the literature and consideration of the versatility of a wire-composite splint. ENDODONTICS & DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY 1990; 6:237-50. [PMID: 2094598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1990.tb00426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The principles of tooth luxation splinting have been changed since the animal and human tests conducted in the early 1970s showed that masticatory stimulus promotes healing of luxated teeth and normally exerted occlusal forces are able to prevent and eliminate small resorption cavities on the root surface. It has also been shown that fixation of only one week is enough to achieve the clinical healing of repositioned teeth. Apart from esthetic and hygienic components, present-day demands on tooth fixation techniques also include ease of construction and removal and the use of devices which allow slight movement of the fixed teeth. This paper presents the history of tooth splinting, our present-day knowledge of the subject, and introduces various splinting techniques. The wide range of indications for a flexible wire-composite splint are analyzed more thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oikarinen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland
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Karim AC. The effect of adriamycin on dentinogenesis and 3H-thymidine incorporation into the enamel organ of the rat incisor. EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 1990; 40:1-18. [PMID: 2279533 DOI: 10.1016/s0232-1513(11)80280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of adriamycin (5 mg/kg) on 3H-thymidine incorporation and on dentin formation was studied in rat incisors. Male Sprague Dawley rats received an intravenous injection of adriamycin. Some of these also received a subcutaneous injection of 3H-thymidine at a dose of 2 mCi/kg one day later. One group of control animals received an intravenous injection of a volume of physiological saline equal to that of the adriamycin dose. Another group received physiological saline, and one hour later was given an additional injection of 3H-thymidine at a similar dose as above. All the animals were killed by perfusion with 2.5% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde 1 h, 1 d, 4 d, 8 d, 16 d, 28 d, and 32 d after 3H-thymidine treatment. Light microscopy revealed irregular dentin deposits between the mantle and circumpulpal layer of the labial dentin at 16 d. Within these deposits were trapped cells. The latter, through radioautographic labelling, appeared to be cells from the odontoblast layer. Also, the labelling pattern of the enamel organ in both the control and experimental groups indicated that the eruption rate of the tooth was not affected. Serial sectioning and examination of the lingual portion of the incisors at 28 d revealed a lack of dentin formation and a failure in the closure of the apical foramen. Electron microscopic observations showed an irregular and random arrangement of collagen fibers within the deposits of irregular dentin, and the presence of twisted odontoblastic processes. Examination of the lingual surface showed the presence of fibroblasts and collagen fibers bridging the gap that resulted from the failure in dentin formation. These cells, which were similar to periodontal ligament cells, appeared to have arisen from that area. These results indicate that adriamycin has no effect on tooth eruption, but has a reversible effect on the function of secretory odontoblasts, which manifested itself as a periodic deposition of irregular dentin on the labial surface, and on dentin formation on the lingual surface which manifested itself as a failure in dentin formation, and consequently, the closure of the apical foramen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Karim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Abstract
The distribution of 35S-sulfate-labeled macromolecules was examined within three regions of the transseptal ligament: the 1) mesial, 2) middle and 3) distal thirds. Swiss mice, 6 weeks of age, were injected with 35S-sulfate and killed after 1, 6, and 12 hours and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 days. Silver grains and cell nuclei were counted on autoradiographs which had been counterstained by the Van Gieson method, and mean counts were analyzed statistically. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in mean number of cell nuclei between regions throughout the course of the experiment. 35S-sulfate was rapidly incorporated into the transseptal ligament macromolecules. Grain counts were highest 6 hours after injections: counts were highest over the middle and lowest over the mesial thirds of the ligament. The rate of grain removal was significantly higher in the middle third compared to the mesial or distal thirds (P less than 0.001) and was significantly lower in the mesial third compared to the middle or distal thirds (P less than 0.001). The half-life of labeled macromolecules was significantly greater in the mesial and distal thirds than in the middle third (P less than 0.005). The data demonstrate significantly higher rates of turnover of 35S-sulfate-labeled macromolecules in the middle region of the transseptal ligament. Since cellular density was similar throughout the transseptal ligament, higher turnover rates of 35S-sulfate-labeled macromolecules probably indicate higher rates of cellular activity in this region, possibly a result of tissue remodeling coincident to stresses generated by occlusal forces and physiologic drift of the adjacent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Johnson
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Kunz J, Plascke C, Duncker M. Cell proliferation and 3H-proline incorporation in periodontal ligament exposed to mechanical stress. EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 1988; 34:51-8. [PMID: 3224682 DOI: 10.1016/s0232-1513(88)80023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the metabolic processes induced in the periodontal ligament by mechanical influences, a tension spring was implanted in rats between the incisor and the first maxillary molar on the right-hand side, while the left maxilla of these animals as well as non-operated rats served as controls. Under such mechanical stress, there occurred at 3, 10 and 21 days after implantation a significant increase in the 3H-thymidine labeling index, which was demonstrable histoautoradiographically. A change in cell density was not discovered. Therefore, the increase in S-phase fraction as equally recorded in both pressure and tension zones is regarded as an expression of an enhanced cell turnover. Cell renewal in the periodontal ligament can be modified by inflammatory processes within the gingival region. There is a slight enlargement of the periodontal space in the tension zone. Under our experimental conditions, no change occurs in the silver grain number per cell after 3H-proline administration. The results indicate that, following the impact of orthodontic forces, the reactivity of periodontal cell proliferation as compared to collagen synthesis is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kunz
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Charité Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, DDR
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Luder HS, Zimmerli I, Schroeder HE. Do collagen fibrils of the periodontal ligament shrink with age? J Periodontal Res 1988; 23:46-52. [PMID: 2963903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1988.tb01026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Oikarinen KS, Seppa ST. Effect of preservation media on proliferation and collagen biosynthesis of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. ENDODONTICS & DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY 1987; 3:95-9. [PMID: 3476304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1987.tb00609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Morris ML, Harper E. The presence of an inhibitor of human skin collagenase in the roots of healthy and periodontally diseased teeth. J Periodontal Res 1987; 22:78-80. [PMID: 3029365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1987.tb01543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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Roberts WE, Morey ER. Proliferation and differentiation sequence of osteoblast histogenesis under physiological conditions in rat periodontal ligament. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1985; 174:105-18. [PMID: 4061337 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001740202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To define the mechanism of osteoblast histogenesis, nuclear morphometry was utilized as a marker for precursor cell differentiation. One hour after 3H-thymidine injection, groups of 7-week-old rats were killed at hourly intervals over one complete 24-hr photoperiod (LD 12:12). S-phase and mitosis were assessed in autoradiographs of 3-micron sections of molar periodontal ligament (PDL) adjacent to a physiological bone-forming surface. Labeled nuclei were divided into four categories according to morphometry of nuclear size: A (40-79 micron3), B (80-119 micron3), C (120-169 micron3), and D (greater than or equal to 170 micron3) cells. C and D cells synthesize DNA during the light and divide in the following dark phase; the rhythm for A cells is the opposite. B cells demonstrated no preference and were subsequently determined to be nonosteogenic. Compared to A cells the S-phase photoperiod of C and D cells (combined) is approximately a one-to-one reciprocal relationship, suggesting two proliferating progenitors in series. Based on arrest points in the histogenesis sequence, five compartments are defined: 1) A cells, less differentiated, self-perpetuating precursors; 2) A' cells, committed osteoprogenitors; 3) C cells, G1 stage preosteoblasts; 4) D cells, G2 stage preosteoblasts; and 5) Ob cells, morphologically distinct osteoblasts. Minimal elapsed time for the A----A'----C----D----Ob sequence is about 60 hr (five alternating dark/light cycles). A stress/strain-mediated increase in nuclear volume (A'----C) is an important, rate-limiting step in osteoblast differentiation.
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23
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Marchi F, Leblond CP. Radioautographic characterization of successive compartments along the rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi pathway of collagen precursors in foot pad fibroblasts of [3H]proline-injected rats. J Cell Biol 1984; 98:1705-9. [PMID: 6725395 PMCID: PMC2113191 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.98.5.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Young rats given an intravenous injection of [3H]proline were killed at successive times from 4 to 80 min later. Fibroblasts from the front foot pad were radioautographed ; silver grains were counted over several of the organelles and the results were expressed as percent radiolabel per unit volume. These percentages reached a peak over rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae at 4 min, intermediate vesicles and tubules at 10 min, spherical distensions of cis-side Golgi saccules at 20 min, cylindrical distensions of trans-side saccules between 40 and 60 min, and secretory granules at 60 min. It is proposed that the succession of peaks corresponds to the migration pathway of collagen precursor proteins within fibroblasts; that is, the proteins synthesized in rough endoplasmic reticulum are delivered by intermediate vesicles and/or tubules to the spherical distensions of cis-side saccules, somehow pass from there to the cylindrical distensions of trans-side saccules and, finally, are carried by secretory granules to the extracellular space.
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24
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Shuttleworth CA, Smalley JW. Periodontal ligament. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESEARCH 1983; 10:211-47. [PMID: 6358097 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-363710-9.50010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Ohkawa S. Effects of orthodontic forces and anti-inflammatory drugs on the mechanical strength of the periodontium in the rat mandibular first molar. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS 1982; 81:498-502. [PMID: 6960735 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(82)90429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical strength of the periodontium was examined by extracting the rat mandibular first molar from its socket in the dissected jaw following application of orthodontic forces. Rubber elastic bands of increasing sizes were inserted between the first and the second molars and following injections of anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrocortisone and indomethacin for 7 days. Marked decreases of the mean ultimate loads to extract the teeth were found following application of the orthodontic forces. Increases of the ultimate loads were found following injections of hydrocortisone and indomethacin. The distances pulled to reach the ultimate loads which seem to represent the extensibility and elasticity of the periodontium correlated closely with the ultimate loads. The orthodontic forces applied were estimated to be about 0.7 kilograms at the end of the experimental period. It was suggested that the mechanical strength of the periodontium is maintained by the organization and constitution of the periodontal collagen fibers, and by the attachment of fibers to the bone, which could be affected by orthodontic forces and by anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Proye MP, Polson AM. Repair in different zones of the periodontium after tooth reimplantation. J Periodontol 1982; 53:379-89. [PMID: 6955500 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1982.53.6.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kinoshita Y, Tonooka K, Chiba M. The effect of hypofunction on the mechanical properties of the periodontium in the rat mandibular first molar. Arch Oral Biol 1982; 27:881-5. [PMID: 6961902 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(82)90045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The right maxillary molars of male rats were removed under ether anaesthesia to eliminate occlusal contact with the mandibular molars. Groups of rats were killed at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 days after the experimental procedure. The dissected mandibles were radiographed and length of erupted portion of the tooth, height of alveolar crest and length of tooth were measured. The tensile strength of the periodontal ligament was measured by extracting the first molar from its socket. A marked and progressive decrease of the load required to extract the tooth was found in the first few days after the removal of the opposing teeth. No significant difference in extracting loads was found between the 8- and 16-day groups. Radiography showed that the teeth had erupted, that the height of alveolar crest had decreased and that the length of the root had increased during the experimental period. These changes were detectable only on the 8th or 16th day following the experimental procedure. It is suggested that the reduction in the mechanical strength of the hypofunctional rat molar periodontal ligament is closely associated with the progressive atrophy of the periodontal ligament and that normal functional activity of the teeth is important not only for maintenance of the structural integrity of the periodontal ligament but also to maintain the mechanical strength of the supporting tissues.
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28
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Wills DJ, Picton DC. Changes in the force--intrusion relationship of the tooth with its resting position in macaque monkeys. Arch Oral Biol 1981; 26:827-9. [PMID: 6949525 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(81)90180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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29
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Kanoza RJ, Kelleher L, Sodek J, Melcher AH. A biochemical analysis of the effect of hypofunction on collagen metabolism in the rat molar periodontal ligament. Arch Oral Biol 1980; 25:663-8. [PMID: 6940523 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(80)90098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Shuttleworth CA, Berry L, Wilson N. Collagen synthesis in rabbit dental pulp fibroblast cultures. Arch Oral Biol 1980; 25:201-5. [PMID: 6930958 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(80)90021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Berkovitz BK, Shore RC, Sloan P. Histology of the periodontal ligament of rat mandibular incisor following root resection, with special reference to the zone of shear. Arch Oral Biol 1980; 25:235-44. [PMID: 6934720 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(80)90028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Svoboda EL, Melcher AH, Brunette DM. Stereological study of collagen phagocytosis by cultured periodontal ligament fibroblasts: time course and effect of deficient culture medium. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1979; 68:195-208. [PMID: 113555 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(79)90154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Shore RC, Berkovitz BK. Model to explain apparent occlusal movement of extracellular protein of periodontal ligament of the rat incisor. Arch Oral Biol 1979; 24:861-2. [PMID: 295610 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(79)90051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Minkoff R, Engstrom TG. A long-term comparison of protein turnover in subcrestal vs supracrestal fibre tracts in the mouse periodontium. Arch Oral Biol 1979; 24:817-24. [PMID: 295605 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(79)90044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sodek J. A comparison of collagen and non-collagenous protein metabolism in rat molar and incisor periodontal ligaments. Arch Oral Biol 1978; 23:977-82. [PMID: 285652 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(78)90252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Pettigrew DW, Ho GH, Sodek J, Brunette DM, Wang HM. Effect of oxygen tension and indomethacin on production of collagenase and neutral proteinase enzymes and their latent forms by porcine gingival explants in culture. Arch Oral Biol 1978; 23:767-77. [PMID: 233464 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(78)90154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Sodek J. A comparison of the rates of synthesis and turnover of collagen and non-collagen proteins in adult rat periodontal tissues and skin using a microassay. Arch Oral Biol 1977; 22:655-65. [PMID: 272138 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(77)90095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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