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Breukers J, Ven K, Struyfs C, Ampofo L, Rutten I, Imbrechts M, Pollet F, Van Lent J, Kerstens W, Noppen S, Schols D, De Munter P, Thibaut HJ, Vanhoorelbeke K, Spasic D, Declerck P, Cammue BPA, Geukens N, Thevissen K, Lammertyn J. FLUIDOT: A Modular Microfluidic Platform for Single-Cell Study and Retrieval, with Applications in Drug Tolerance Screening and Antibody Mining. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201477. [PMID: 36642827 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in lab-on-a-chip technologies have revolutionized the single-cell analysis field. However, an accessible platform for in-depth screening and specific retrieval of single cells, which moreover enables studying diverse cell types and performing various downstream analyses, is still lacking. As a solution, FLUIDOT is introduced, a versatile microfluidic platform incorporating customizable microwells, optical tweezers and an interchangeable cell-retrieval system. Thanks to its smart microfluidic design, FLUIDOT is straightforward to fabricate and operate, rendering the technology widely accessible. The performance of FLUIDOT is validated and its versatility is subsequently demonstrated in two applications. First, drug tolerance in yeast cells is studied, resulting in the discovery of two treatment-tolerant populations. Second, B cells from convalescent COVID-19 patients are screened, leading to the discovery of highly affine, in vitro neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Owing to its performance, flexibility, and accessibility, it is foreseen that FLUIDOT will enable phenotypic and genotypic analysis of diverse cell samples and thus elucidate unexplored biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Breukers
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- LISCO, KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics, ON4 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Karen Ven
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- LISCO, KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics, ON4 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- MabMine: KU Leuven Single B Cell Mining Platform, KU Leuven, ON2 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Struyfs
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Louanne Ampofo
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- MabMine: KU Leuven Single B Cell Mining Platform, KU Leuven, ON2 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, ON 2 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, ON2 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Iene Rutten
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- LISCO, KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics, ON4 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Maya Imbrechts
- MabMine: KU Leuven Single B Cell Mining Platform, KU Leuven, ON2 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, ON 2 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, ON2 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Francesca Pollet
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Julie Van Lent
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Winnie Kerstens
- Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Rega - Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Sam Noppen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Rega - Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Rega - Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Paul De Munter
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, KU Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Rega - Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- MabMine: KU Leuven Single B Cell Mining Platform, KU Leuven, ON2 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, ON 2 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk, 8500, Belgium
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Paul Declerck
- MabMine: KU Leuven Single B Cell Mining Platform, KU Leuven, ON2 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, ON 2 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, ON2 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- MabMine: KU Leuven Single B Cell Mining Platform, KU Leuven, ON2 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, ON 2 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, ON2 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- LISCO, KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics, ON4 Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- MabMine: KU Leuven Single B Cell Mining Platform, KU Leuven, ON2 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- LIMNI, KU Leuven Institute for Micro- and Nanoscale Integration, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
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2
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Sadhu S, Jogam P, Gande K, Marapaka V, Penna S, Peddaboina V. Expression of radish defensin (RsAFP2) gene in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) confers resistance to Fusarium wilt disease. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:11-18. [PMID: 36282461 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a major nutritional source cultivated worldwide, is vulnerable to several abiotic and biotic stresses, including different types of soil-borne pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, which causes root rot disease and severely affects productivity. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, putative transgenic plants were obtained with the Radish defensin (Rs-AFP2) gene through Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation using the embryo axis explants. Transgenes were confirmed in 18 putative transgenic plants with PCR-specific primers for nptII and Rs-AFP2 genes. Twelve transgenic plants were established successfully under greenhouse conditions. The T0 plants were allowed for self-pollination to obtain T1 seeds. The T1 plants, selected for Fusarium wilt assay using Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cicero, showed different resistance levels, from moderate to high levels in comparison to control plants (wild-type) which exhibited severe wilt symptoms. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the application of Radish defensins (RsAFP1/RsAFP2 genes) for improving pathogen resistance in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- SumanKalyan Sadhu
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal, Telangana, 506 009, India
| | - Phanikanth Jogam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal, Telangana, 506 009, India
| | - Kranthikumar Gande
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal, Telangana, 506 009, India
| | - Vasudha Marapaka
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal, Telangana, 506 009, India
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India
| | - Venkataiah Peddaboina
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal, Telangana, 506 009, India.
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Slezina MP, Istomina EA, Korostyleva TV, Odintsova TI. The γ-Core Motif Peptides of Plant AMPs as Novel Antimicrobials for Medicine and Agriculture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010483. [PMID: 36613926 PMCID: PMC9820530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ-core motif is a structural element shared by most host antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which is supposed to contribute to their antimicrobial properties. In this review, we summarized the available data on the γ-core peptides of plant AMPs. We describe γ-core peptides that have been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against plant and human bacterial and fungal pathogens that make them attractive scaffolds for the development of novel anti-infective agents. Their advantages include origin from natural AMP sequences, broad-spectrum and potent inhibitory activity, and cost-effective production. In addition, some γ-core peptides combine antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions, thus broadening the spectrum of practical applications. Some act synergistically with antimycotics and fungicides, so combinations of peptides with conventionally used antifungal agents can be suggested as an effective strategy to reduce the doses of potentially harmful chemicals. The presented information will pave the way for the design of novel antimicrobials on the basis of γ-core motif peptides, which can find application in medicine and the protection of crops from diseases.
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Perez-Rodriguez A, Eraso E, Quindós G, Mateo E. Antimicrobial Peptides with Anti-Candida Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169264. [PMID: 36012523 PMCID: PMC9409312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoses are accountable for millions of infections yearly worldwide. Invasive candidiasis is the most usual, presenting a high morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans remains the prevalent etiologic agent, but the incidence of other species such as Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata and Candida auris keeps increasing. These pathogens frequently show a reduced susceptibility to commonly used antifungal drugs, including polyenes, triazoles and echinocandins, and the incidence of emerging multi-drug-resistant strains of these species continues to increase. Therefore, the need to search for new molecules that target these pathogenic species in a different manner is now more urgent than ever. Nature is an almost endless source of interesting new molecules that could meet this need. Among these molecules, antimicrobial peptides, present in different sources in nature, possess some advantages over conventional antifungal agents, even with their own drawbacks, and are considered as a promising pharmacological option against a wide range of microbial infections. In this review, we describe 20 antimicrobial peptides from different origins that possess an activity against Candida.
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5
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In pursuit of next-generation therapeutics: Antimicrobial peptides against superbugs, their sources, mechanism of action, nanotechnology-based delivery, and clinical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:135-156. [PMID: 35868409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) attracted attention as potential source of novel antimicrobials. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections have emerged as a global threat to public health in recent years. Furthermore, due to rapid emergence of new diseases, there is pressing need for development of efficient antimicrobials. AMPs are essential part of the innate immunity in most living organisms, acting as the primary line of defense against foreign invasions. AMPs kill a wide range of microorganisms by primarily targeting cell membranes or intracellular components through a variety of ways. AMPs can be broadly categorized based on their physico-chemical properties, structure, function, target and source of origin. The synthetic analogues produced either with suitable chemical modifications or with the use of suitable delivery systems are projected to eliminate the constraints of toxicity and poor stability commonly linked with natural AMPs. The concept of peptidomimetics is gaining ground around the world nowadays. Among the delivery systems, nanoparticles are emerging as potential delivery tools for AMPs, amplifying their utility against a variety of pathogens. In the present review, the broad classification of various AMPs, their mechanism of action (MOA), challenges associated with AMPs, current applications, and novel strategies to overcome the limitations have been discussed.
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6
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Lima AM, Azevedo MIG, Sousa LM, Oliveira NS, Andrade CR, Freitas CDT, Souza PFN. Plant antimicrobial peptides: An overview about classification, toxicity and clinical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:10-21. [PMID: 35700843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides, also known as AMPs, are cationic and amphipathic molecules found in all living organisms, composing part of the defense mechanisms against various pathogens, including fungi, viruses, bacteria, and nematodes. AMPs derived from plants are the focus of this review because they have gained attention as alternative molecules to overcome pathogen resistance as well as new drugs to combat cancer. Plant AMPs are generally classified based on their sequences and structures, as thionins, defensins, hevein-like peptides, knottins, stable-like peptides, lipid transfer proteins, snakins, and cyclotides. Although there are studies reporting the toxicity of plant AMPs to nontarget cells or limitations of oral administration, synthetic AMPs with reduced toxicity or allergenicity, or greater resistance to peptidases can be designed by using different bioinformatics tools. Thus, this review provides information about the classification of plant AMPs, their characteristics, mechanisms of action, hemolytic and cytotoxic potential, possible applications in the medical field, and finally, the use of bioinformatics to help design synthetic AMPs with improved features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne M Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mayara I G Azevedo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lyndefania M Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nayara S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Christus University Center, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Claudia R Andrade
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Christus University Center, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cleverson D T Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro F N Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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7
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Ashokbhai JK, Basaiawmoit B, Das S, Sakure A, Maurya R, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK, Padhi S, Rai AK, Liu Z, Hatia S. Antioxidative, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities and release of ultra-filtered antioxidative and antimicrobial peptides during fermentation of sheep milk: In-vitro, in-silico and molecular interaction studies. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Čelakovská J, Čermákova E, Vaňková R, Andrýs C, Krejsek J. Sensitisation to molecular components of fungi in atopic dermatitis patients, the relation to the occurrence of food hypersensitivity reactions. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2022.2074968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - E. Čermákova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech republic
| | - R. Vaňková
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - C. Andrýs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - J. Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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9
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Bukhteeva I, Hrunyk NI, Yusypovych YM, Shalovylo YI, Kovaleva V, Nesmelova IV. Structure, dynamics, and function of PsDef2 defensin from Pinus sylvestris. Structure 2022; 30:753-762.e5. [PMID: 35334207 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant defensins demonstrate high structural stability at extreme temperatures and pH values and, in general, are non-toxic to mammalian cells. These properties make them attractive candidates for use in biotechnology and biomedicine. Knowing the structure-function relationship is desirable to guide the design of plant defensin-based applications. Thus far, the broad range of biological activities was described only for one defensin from gymnosperms, the defensin PsDef1 from Scots pine. Here, we report that closely related defensin from the same taxonomy group, PsDef2, differing from PsDef1 by six amino acids, also possesses antimicrobial, antibacterial, and insect α-amylase inhibitory activities. We also report the solution structure and dynamics properties of PsDef2 assessed using a combination of experimental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Lastly, we perform a comparative analysis of PsDef2 and PsDef1 gaining a molecular-level insight into their structure-dynamics-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bukhteeva
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Natalia I Hrunyk
- The Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Markers in Plants, Ukrainian National Forestry University, Lviv 79057, Ukraine
| | - Yuri M Yusypovych
- The Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Markers in Plants, Ukrainian National Forestry University, Lviv 79057, Ukraine
| | - Yulia I Shalovylo
- The Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Markers in Plants, Ukrainian National Forestry University, Lviv 79057, Ukraine
| | - Valentina Kovaleva
- The Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Markers in Plants, Ukrainian National Forestry University, Lviv 79057, Ukraine
| | - Irina V Nesmelova
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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10
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Struyfs C, Breukers J, Spasic D, Lammertyn J, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. Multiplex Analysis to Unravel the Mode of Antifungal Activity of the Plant Defensin HsAFP1 in Single Yeast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031515. [PMID: 35163438 PMCID: PMC8836000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Single cell analyses have gained increasing interest over bulk approaches because of considerable cell-to-cell variability within isogenic populations. Herein, flow cytometry remains golden standard due to its high-throughput efficiency and versatility, although it does not allow to investigate the interdependency of cellular events over time. Starting from our microfluidic platform that enables to trap and retain individual cells on a fixed location over time, here, we focused on unraveling kinetic responses of single Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells upon treatment with the antifungal plant defensin HsAFP1. We monitored the time between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane permeabilization (MP) in single yeast cells for different HsAFP1 doses using two fluorescent dyes with non-overlapping spectra. Within a time frame of 2 min, only <0.3% cells displayed time between the induction of ROS and MP. Reducing the time frame to 30 s did not result in increased numbers of cells with time between these events, pointing to ROS and MP induction as highly dynamic and correlated processes. In conclusion, using an in-house developed continuous microfluidic platform, we investigated the mode of action of HsAFP1 at single cell level, thereby uncovering the close interdependency between ROS induction and MP in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Struyfs
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (C.S.); (B.P.A.C.)
| | - Jolien Breukers
- Biosensors Group, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (D.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Biosensors Group, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (D.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Biosensors Group, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (D.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Bruno P. A. Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (C.S.); (B.P.A.C.)
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (C.S.); (B.P.A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-32-96-88
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11
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Inhibition of Serine Protease, α-Amylase and Growth of Phytopathogenic Fungi by Antimicrobial Peptides from Capsicum chinense Fruits. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 15:502-515. [PMID: 34671924 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant fungal diseases cause major problems for the global economy. Antimicrobial peptides have aroused great interest in the control of phytopathogens, as they are natural molecules and have a broad spectrum of inhibitory activity. Herein, we have tried to identify and characterize antimicrobial peptides present in fruits of Capsicum chinense and to evaluate their enzymatic and antifungal activities. The retained fraction obtained in the anion exchange chromatography with strong antifungal activity was subjected to molecular exclusion chromatography and obtained four fractions named G1, G2, G3, and G4. The 6.0-kDa protein band of G2 showed similarity with protease inhibitors type II, and it was able to inhibit 100% of trypsin and α-amylase activities. The protein band with approximately 6.5 kDa of G3 showed similarity with sequences of protease inhibitors from genus Capsicum and showed growth inhibition of 48% for Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, 49% for Fusarium lateritium, and 51% for F. solani and F. oxysporum. Additionally, G3 causes morphological changes, membrane permeabilization, and ROS increase in F. oxysporum cells. The 9-kDa protein band of G4 fraction was similar to a nsLTP type 1, and a protein band of 6.5 kDa was similar to a nsLTP type 2. The G4 fraction was able to inhibit 100% of the activities of glycosidases tested and showed growth inhibition of 35 and 50% of F. oxysporum and C. lindemuthianum, respectively. C. chinense fruits have peptides with antifungal activity and enzyme inhibition with biotechnological potential.
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12
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Molecular targets for antifungals in amino acid and protein biosynthetic pathways. Amino Acids 2021; 53:961-991. [PMID: 34081205 PMCID: PMC8241756 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungi cause death of over 1.5 million people every year, while cutaneous mycoses are among the most common infections in the world. Mycoses vary greatly in severity, there are long-term skin (ringworm), nail or hair infections (tinea capitis), recurrent like vaginal candidiasis or severe, life-threatening systemic, multiorgan infections. In the last few years, increasing importance is attached to the health and economic problems caused by fungal pathogens. There is a growing need for improvement of the availability of antifungal drugs, decreasing their prices and reducing side effects. Searching for novel approaches in this respect, amino acid and protein biosynthesis pathways appear to be competitive. The route that leads from amino acid biosynthesis to protein folding and its activation is rich in enzymes that are descriptive of fungi. Blocking the action of those enzymes often leads to avirulence or growth inhibition. In this review, we want to trace the principal processes of fungi vitality. We present the data of genes encoding enzymes involved in amino acid and protein biosynthesis, potential molecular targets in antifungal chemotherapy, and describe the impact of inhibitors on fungal organisms.
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Struyfs C, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. Membrane-Interacting Antifungal Peptides. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649875. [PMID: 33912564 PMCID: PMC8074791 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of invasive fungal infections is increasing worldwide, resulting in more than 1.6 million deaths every year. Due to growing antifungal drug resistance and the limited number of currently used antimycotics, there is a clear need for novel antifungal strategies. In this context, great potential is attributed to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are part of the innate immune system of organisms. These peptides are known for their broad-spectrum activity that can be directed toward bacteria, fungi, viruses, and/or even cancer cells. Some AMPs act via rapid physical disruption of microbial cell membranes at high concentrations causing cell leakage and cell death. However, more complex mechanisms are also observed, such as interaction with specific lipids, production of reactive oxygen species, programmed cell death, and autophagy. This review summarizes the structure and mode of action of antifungal AMPs, thereby focusing on their interaction with fungal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Struyfs
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Fernández A, Colombo ML, Curto LM, Gómez GE, Delfino JM, Guzmán F, Bakás L, Malbrán I, Vairo-Cavalli SE. Peptides Derived From the α-Core and γ-Core Regions of a Putative Silybum marianum Flower Defensin Show Antifungal Activity Against Fusarium graminearum. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632008. [PMID: 33679660 PMCID: PMC7925638 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the etiological agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), a disease that produces a significant decrease in wheat crop yield and it is further aggravated by the presence of mycotoxins in the affected grains that may cause health problems to humans and animals. Plant defensins and defensin-like proteins are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs); they are small basic, cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) ubiquitously expressed in the plant kingdom and mostly involved in host defence. They present a highly variable sequence but a conserved structure. The γ-core located in the C-terminal region of plant defensins has a conserved β-hairpin structure and is a well-known determinant of the antimicrobial activity among disulphide-containing AMPs. Another conserved motif of plant defensins is the α-core located in the N-terminal region, not conserved among the disulphide-containing AMPs, it has not been yet extensively studied. In this report, we have cloned the putative antimicrobial protein DefSm2, expressed in flowers of the wild plant Silybum marianum. The cDNA encodes a protein with two fused basic domains of an N-terminal defensin domain (DefSm2-D) and a C-terminal Arg-rich and Lys-rich domain. To further characterize the DefSm2-D domain, we built a 3D template-based model that will serve to support the design of novel antifungal peptides. We have designed four potential antifungal peptides: two from the DefSm2-D α-core region (SmAPα1-21 and SmAPα10-21) and two from the γ-core region (SmAPγ27-44 and SmAPγ29-35). We have chemically synthesized and purified the peptides and further characterized them by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. SmAPα1-21, SmAPα10-21, and SmAPγ27-44 inhibited the growth of the phytopathogen F. graminearum at low micromolar concentrations. Conidia exposure to the fungicidal concentration of the peptides caused membrane permeabilization to the fluorescent probe propidium iodide (PI), suggesting that this is one of the main contributing factors in fungal cell killing. Furthermore, conidia treated for 0.5h showed cytoplasmic disorganization as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Remarkably, the peptides derived from the α-core induced morphological changes on the conidia cell wall, which is a promising target since its distinctive biochemical and structural organization is absent in plant and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Fernández
- CIPROVE-Centro Asociado CIC, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Colombo
- CIPROVE-Centro Asociado CIC, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia M Curto
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela E Gómez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Delfino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Laura Bakás
- CIPROVE-Centro Asociado CIC, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ismael Malbrán
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología (CIDEFI-UNLP-CIC), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sandra E Vairo-Cavalli
- CIPROVE-Centro Asociado CIC, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Serafini MR, Santos VV, Torres BGS, Johansson Azeredo F, Savi FM, Alves IA. A patent review of antibiofilm fungal drugs (2002-present). Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:229-248. [PMID: 33530749 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1874283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungal biofilms, such as Candida albicans biofilms, are capable of surviving in hostile environments owing to their remarkable ability to adhere to surfaces and their tolerance to chemical interventions. Currently, therapeutic treatment options are few, making these biofilm-based infections problematic particularly due to their great tolerance to conventional antimicrobial drugs, thus causing serious health and economic problems. Therefore, the development of new drugs and antibiofilm specific therapies for the prevention and treatment of antifungal to eradicate biofilms are needed. This study was aimed at carrying out a patent review analysis to identify the innovation trends, and to explore the latest antifungal drugs and the specific therapeutic strategies available for the treatment of fungal biofilms. The present patent review was carried out using the Espacenet database, using the key words "biofilm and antifungal," from 2002 to December 2019. Through this review, it was possible to identify that most of the patent contents refer to new synthetic drugs derived from natural products and associations thereof with existing antifungal drugs. Methods and biomaterials for the treatment and prevention of fungal biofilms, mainly for C. albicans biofilms, which is the most isolated and studied fungal species, were also disclosed. The lack of scientific and technical information on the biofilm eradication subject is remarkable and further confirmed by the small number of patents identified in this survey.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Flávia Medeiros Savi
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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16
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Shwaiki LN, Arendt EK, Lynch KM. Plant compounds for the potential reduction of food waste - a focus on antimicrobial peptides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4242-4265. [PMID: 33480260 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1873733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A large portion of global food waste is caused by microbial spoilage. The modern approach to preserve food is to apply different hurdles for microbial pathogens to overcome. These vary from thermal processes and chemical additives, to the application of irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging. Even though such preservative techniques exist, loss of food to spoilage still prevails. Plant compounds and peptides represent an untapped source of potential novel natural food preservatives. Of these, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are very promising for exploitation. AMPs are a significant component of a plant's innate defense system. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential application of these AMPs; however, more studies, particularly in the area of food preservation are warranted. This review examines the literature on the application of AMPs and other plant compounds for the purpose of reducing food losses and waste (including crop protection). A focus is placed on the plant defensins, their natural extraction and synthetic production, and their safety and application in food preservation. In addition, current challenges and impediments to their full exploitation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila N Shwaiki
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elke K Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran M Lynch
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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17
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Breukers J, Horta S, Struyfs C, Spasic D, Feys HB, Geukens N, Thevissen K, Cammue BPA, Vanhoorelbeke K, Lammertyn J. Tuning the Surface Interactions between Single Cells and an OSTE+ Microwell Array for Enhanced Single Cell Manipulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2316-2326. [PMID: 33411502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Retrieving single cells of interest from an array of microwells for further off-chip analysis is crucial in numerous biological applications. To this end, several single cell manipulation strategies have been developed, including optical tweezers (OT). OT represent a unique approach for contactless cell retrieval, but their performance is often suboptimal due to nonspecific cell adhesion to the microwell surface. In this study, we focused on improving the surface chemistry of microwell arrays to ensure efficient single cell manipulation using OT. For this purpose, the surface of an off-stoichiometry thiol-ene-epoxy (OSTE+) microwell array was grafted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules with different molecular weights: PEG 360, PEG 500, PEG 2000, and a PEG Mix (an equimolar ratio of PEG 500 and PEG 2000). Contact angle measurements showed that the PEG grafting process resulted in an increased surface energy, which was stable for at least 16 weeks. Next, cell adhesion of two cell types, baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and human B cells, to surfaces treated with different PEGs was evaluated by registering the presence of cellular motion inside microwells and the efficiency of optical lifting of cells that display motion. Optimal results were obtained for surfaces grafted with PEG 2000 and PEG Mix, reaching an average fraction of cells with motion of over 93% and an average lifting efficiency of over 96% for both cell types. Upon the integration of this microwell array with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel, PEG Mix resulted in proper washing of non-seeded cells. We further demonstrated the wide applicability of the platform by manipulating non-responding yeast cells to antifungal treatment and B cells expressing surface IgG antibodies. The combination of the optimized microwell surface with continuous microfluidics results in a powerful and versatile platform, allowing high-throughput single cell studies and retrieval of target cells for off-chip analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Breukers
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 42, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Sara Horta
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium
| | - Caroline Struyfs
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 42, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Hendrik B Feys
- Transfusion Research Center, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders Ottergemsesteenweg 413, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 42, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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18
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Plant Defensins from a Structural Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155307. [PMID: 32722628 PMCID: PMC7432377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant defensins form a family of proteins with a broad spectrum of protective activities against fungi, bacteria, and insects. Furthermore, some plant defensins have revealed anticancer activity. In general, plant defensins are non-toxic to plant and mammalian cells, and interest in using them for biotechnological and medicinal purposes is growing. Recent studies provided significant insights into the mechanisms of action of plant defensins. In this review, we focus on structural and dynamics aspects and discuss structure-dynamics-function relations of plant defensins.
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19
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Odintsova TI, Slezina MP, Istomina EA. Defensins of Grasses: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071029. [PMID: 32664422 PMCID: PMC7407236 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The grass family (Poaceae) is one of the largest families of flowering plants, growing in all climatic zones of all continents, which includes species of exceptional economic importance. The high adaptability of grasses to adverse environmental factors implies the existence of efficient resistance mechanisms that involve the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Of plant AMPs, defensins represent one of the largest and best-studied families. Although wheat and barley seed γ-thionins were the first defensins isolated from plants, the functional characterization of grass defensins is still in its infancy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the characterized defensins from cultivated and selected wild-growing grasses. For each species, isolation of defensins or production by heterologous expression, peptide structure, biological activity, and structure–function relationship are described, along with the gene expression data. We also provide our results on in silico mining of defensin-like sequences in the genomes of all described grass species and discuss their potential functions. The data presented will form the basis for elucidation of the mode of action of grass defensins and high adaptability of grasses to environmental stress and will provide novel potent molecules for practical use in medicine and agriculture.
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20
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Shwaiki LN, Arendt EK, Lynch KM. Anti-yeast activity and characterisation of synthetic radish peptides Rs-AFP1 and Rs-AFP2 against food spoilage yeast. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Struyfs C, Cools TL, De Cremer K, Sampaio-Marques B, Ludovico P, Wasko BM, Kaeberlein M, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. The antifungal plant defensin HsAFP1 induces autophagy, vacuolar dysfunction and cell cycle impairment in yeast. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183255. [PMID: 32145284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The plant defensin HsAFP1 is characterized by broad-spectrum antifungal activity and induces apoptosis in Candida albicans. In this study, we performed a transcriptome analysis on C. albicans cultures treated with HsAFP1 to gain further insight in the antifungal mode of action of HsAFP1. Various genes coding for cell surface proteins, like glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, and proteins involved in cation homeostasis, autophagy and in cell cycle were differentially expressed upon HsAFP1 treatment. The biological validation of these findings was performed in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To discriminate between events linked to HsAFP1's antifungal activity and those that are not, we additionally used an inactive HsAFP1 mutant. We demonstrated that (i) HsAFP1-resistent S. cerevisiae mutants that are characterized by a defect in processing GPI-anchors are unable to internalize HsAFP1, and (ii) moderate doses (FC50, fungicidal concentration resulting in 50% killing) of HsAFP1 induce autophagy in S. cerevisiae, while high HsAFP1 doses result in vacuolar dysfunction. Vacuolar function is an important determinant of replicative lifespan (RLS) under dietary restriction (DR). In line, HsAFP1 specifically reduces RLS under DR. Lastly, (iii) HsAFP1 affects S. cerevisiae cell cycle in the G2/M phase. However, the latter HsAFP1-induced event is not linked to its antifungal activity, as the inactive HsAFP1 mutant also impairs the G2/M phase. In conclusion, we demonstrated that GPI-anchored proteins are involved in HsAFP1's internalization, and that HsAFP1 induces autophagy, vacuolar dysfunction and impairment of the cell cycle. Collectively, all these data provide novel insights in the mode of action of HsAFP1 as well as in S. cerevisiae tolerance mechanisms against this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Struyfs
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tanne L Cools
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat De Cremer
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4700 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4700 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Brian M Wasko
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 98195 Seattle, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 98195 Seattle, USA
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Aumer T, Voisin SN, Knobloch T, Landon C, Bulet P. Impact of an Antifungal Insect Defensin on the Proteome of the Phytopathogenic Fungus Botrytis cinerea. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1131-1146. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Aumer
- CR Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Sébastien N. Voisin
- Plateforme BioPark d’Archamps, Archamps Technopole, 74166 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Thomas Knobloch
- Bayer SAS, Bayer CropScience, Centre de Recherche de la Dargoire, 69263 Lyon, France
| | - Céline Landon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Philippe Bulet
- CR Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France
- Plateforme BioPark d’Archamps, Archamps Technopole, 74166 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
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23
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Ecotopic Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide DmAMP1W Improves Resistance of Transgenic Wheat to Two Diseases: Sharp Eyespot and Common Root Rot. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020647. [PMID: 31963767 PMCID: PMC7014311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple crop. Sharp eyespot and common root rot are destructive diseases of wheat. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, we synthesized the DmAMP1W gene, encoding Dahlia merckii DmAMP1, and investigated the antifungal role of DmAMP1W in vitro and in transgenic wheat. Protein electrophoresis analysis and in vitro inhibition results demonstrated that the synthesized DmAMP1W correctly translated to the expected peptide DmAMP1W, and the purified peptide inhibited growths of the fungi Rhizoctonia cerealis and Bipolaris sorokiniana, the pathogenic causes of wheat sharp eyespot and common root rot. DmAMP1W was introduced into a wheat variety Zhoumai18 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The molecular characteristics indicated that DmAMP1W could be heritable and expressed in five transgenic wheat lines in T1–T2 generations. Average sharp eyespot infection types of these five DmAMP1W transgenic wheat lines in T1–T2 generations decreased 0.69–1.54 and 0.40–0.82 compared with non-transformed Zhoumai18, respectively. Average common root rot infection types of these transgenic lines and non-transformed Zhoumai18 were 1.23–1.48 and 2.27, respectively. These results indicated that DmAMP1W-expressing transgenic wheat lines displayed enhanced-resistance to both sharp eyespot and common root rot. This study provides new broad-spectrum antifungal resources for wheat breeding.
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24
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Barashkova AS, Rogozhin EA. Isolation of antimicrobial peptides from different plant sources: Does a general extraction method exist? PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:143. [PMID: 33110440 PMCID: PMC7585225 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants are good sources of biologically active compounds with antimicrobial activity, including polypeptides. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent one of the main barriers of plant innate immunity to environmental stress factors and are attracting much research interest. There are some extraction methods for isolation of AMPs from plant organs based on the type of extractant and initial fractionation stages. But most methods are directed to obtain some specific structural types of AMPs and do not allow to understand the molecular diversity of AMP inside a whole plant. In this mini-review, we suggest an optimized scheme of AMP isolation from plants followed by obtaining a set of peptides belonging to various structural families. This approach can be performed for large-scale screening of plants to identify some novel or homologous AMPs for fundamental and applied studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Barashkova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow, Russia 117997
| | - Eugene A. Rogozhin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow, Russia 117997
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, Moscow, Russia 119021
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25
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Orrapin S, Intorasoot A, Roytrakul S, Dechsupa N, Kantapan J, Onphat Y, Srimek C, Sitthidet Tharinjaroen C, Anukool U, Butr-Indr B, Phunpae P, Intorasoot S. A novel recombinant javanicin with dual antifungal and anti-proliferative activities. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18417. [PMID: 31804594 PMCID: PMC6895105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to common drugs by microorganisms and cancers has become a major issue in modern healthcare, increasing the number of deaths worldwide. Novel therapeutic agents with a higher efficiency and less side effects for the treatment of certain diseases are urgently needed. Plant defensins have an integral role in a hosts' immune system and are attractive candidates for combatting drug-resistant microorganisms. Interestingly, some of these defensins also showed great potential due to their cytotoxic activity toward cancer cells. In this study, a defensin encoding gene was isolated from five legume seeds using 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3' RACE) with degenerate primers and cDNA cloning strategies. Bioinformatic tools were used for in silico identification and the characterization of new sequences. To study the functional characteristics of these unique defensins, the gene encoded for Sesbania javanica defensin, designated as javanicin, was cloned into pTXB-1 plasmid and expressed in the Escherichia coli Origami 2 (DE3) strain. Under optimized conditions, a 34-kDa javanicin-intein fusion protein was expressed and approximately 2.5-3.5 mg/L of soluble recombinant javanicin was successfully extracted with over 90% purity. Recombinant javanicin displayed antifungal properties against human pathogenic fungi, including resistant strains, as well as cytotoxic activities toward the human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231. Recombinant javanicin holds great promise as a novel therapeutic agent for further medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhasiri Orrapin
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Intorasoot
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Kantapan
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Yanika Onphat
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chutima Srimek
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayada Sitthidet Tharinjaroen
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Usanee Anukool
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Bordin Butr-Indr
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ponrut Phunpae
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sorasak Intorasoot
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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26
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Das K, Datta K, Karmakar S, Datta SK. Antimicrobial Peptides - Small but Mighty Weapons for Plants to Fight Phytopathogens. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:720-742. [PMID: 31215363 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190619112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) have diverse structures, varied modes of actions, and can inhibit the growth of a wide range of pathogens at low concentrations. Plants are constantly under attack by a wide range of phytopathogens causing massive yield losses worldwide. To combat these pathogens, nature has armed plants with a battery of defense responses including Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). These peptides form a vital component of the two-tier plant defense system. They are constitutively expressed as part of the pre-existing first line of defense against pathogen entry. When a pathogen overcomes this barrier, it faces the inducible defense system, which responds to specific molecular or effector patterns by launching an arsenal of defense responses including the production of AMPs. This review emphasizes the structural and functional aspects of different plant-derived AMPs, their homology with AMPs from other organisms, and how their biotechnological potential could generate durable resistance in a wide range of crops against different classes of phytopathogens in an environmentally friendly way without phenotypic cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Karabi Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Karmakar
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Swapan K Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
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27
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Li H, Velivelli SLS, Shah DM. Antifungal Potency and Modes of Action of a Novel Olive Tree Defensin Against Closely Related Ascomycete Fungal Pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1649-1664. [PMID: 31425003 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-19-0224-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides play a pivotal role in the innate immunity of plants. Defensins are cysteine-rich antifungal peptides with multiple modes of action. A novel Oleaceae-specific defensin gene family has been discovered in the genome sequences of wild and cultivated species of a perennial olive tree, Olea europaea. OefDef1.1, a member of this defensin family, potently inhibits the in-vitro growth of ascomycete fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and three Fusarium spp. OefDef1.1 rapidly permeabilizes the plasma membrane of the conidial and germling cells of B. cinerea. Interestingly, it induces reactive oxygen species and translocates to the cytoplasm only in the germlings but not in the conidia. In medium containing a high concentration of Na1+, antifungal activity of OefDef1.1 is significantly reduced. Surprisingly, a chimeric OefDef1.1 peptide containing the γ-core motif of a Medicago truncatula defensin, MtDef4, displays Na1+-tolerant antifungal activity. In a phospholipid-protein overlay assay, the chimeric peptide exhibits stronger binding to its phosphoinositide partners than OefDef1.1 and is also more potent in inhibiting gray mold disease on the surface of Nicotiana benthamiana and lettuce leaves than OefDef1.1. Significant differences are observed among the four ascomycete pathogens in their responses to OefDef1.1 in growth medium with or without the elevated concentration of Na1+. The varied responses of closely related ascomycete pathogens to this defensin have implications for engineering disease resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, U.S.A
| | | | - Dilip M Shah
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, U.S.A
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28
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Rodríguez-Decuadro S, Dans PD, Borba MA, Benko-Iseppon AM, Cecchetto G. Gene isolation and structural characterization of a legume tree defensin with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. PLANTA 2019; 250:1757-1772. [PMID: 31428874 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recombinant EcgDf1 defensin has an antimicrobial effect against both plant and human pathogens. In silico analyses predict that EcgDf1 is prone to form dimers capable of interacting with the membranes of microorganisms. Plant defensins comprise a large family of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) with a wide range of biological functions. They are cysteine-rich molecules, highly sequence diverse but with a conserved and stable structure. In this work, a defensin gene (EcgDf1) was isolated from Erythrina crista-galli, a legume tree native from South America. The predicted peptide presents eight cysteines, with a γ-core motif GXCX3-9C and six cysteines distributed like the typical defensin αβ motif. The mature EcgDf1 coding sequence was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli strains and purified by affinity chromatography. Possible dimer and oligomers of EcgDf1 were visible in SDS electrophoresis. Moreover, its 3D structure, determined by homology modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, was found to be compatible with the formation of homodimers between the β3 and β1-loop-α1, leaving the β2-loop-β3 free to interact with lipid membranes. The purified recombinant peptide inhibited the growth of several critical plant and human pathogens, like the opportunistic fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger and the plant pathogens Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis, Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria alternata. EcgDf1 is a promising candidate for the development of antimicrobial products for use in agriculture and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez-Decuadro
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 780, 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo D Dans
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Alejandra Borba
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, CEP 50.670-420, Brazil
| | - Gianna Cecchetto
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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29
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Tyagi A, Pankaj V, Singh S, Roy S, Semwal M, Shasany AK, Sharma A. PlantAFP: a curated database of plant-origin antifungal peptides. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1561-1568. [PMID: 31612325 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a severe problem caused by fungi in human and plant species across the world. They pose a worldwide threat to food security as well as human health. Fungal infections are increasing now day by day worldwide, and the current antimycotic drugs are not effective due to the emergence of resistant strains. Therefore, it is an urgent need for the finding of new plant-origin antifungal peptides (PhytoAFPs). Huge numbers of peptides were extracted from different plant species which play a protective role against fungal infection. Hundreds of plant-origin peptides with antifungal activity have already been reported. So there is a requirement of a dedicated platform which systematically catalogs plant-origin peptides along with their antifungal properties. PlantAFP database is a resource of experimentally verified plant-origin antifungal peptides, collected from research articles, patents, and public databases. The current release of PlantAFP database contains 2585 peptide entries among which 510 are unique peptides. Each entry provides comprehensive information of a peptide that includes its peptide sequence, peptide name, peptide class, length of the peptide, molecular mass, antifungal activity, and origin of peptides. Besides this primary information, PlantAFP stores peptide sequences in SMILES format. In order to facilitate the user, many tools have been integrated into this database that includes BLAST search, peptide search, SMILES search, and peptide-mapping is also included in the database. PlantAFP database is accessible at http://bioinformatics.cimap.res.in/sharma/PlantAFP/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Tyagi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 015, India.
| | - Vaishali Pankaj
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 015, India
| | - Sudeep Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and communication, Brno University of Technology-Techicka-10, 61600, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Manoj Semwal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 015, India
| | - Ajit K Shasany
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 015, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 015, India.
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30
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Oshiro KGN, Rodrigues G, Monges BED, Cardoso MH, Franco OL. Bioactive Peptides Against Fungal Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2169. [PMID: 31681179 PMCID: PMC6797862 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by invasive fungal biofilms have been widely associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly due to the advent of antibiotic resistance. Moreover, fungal biofilms impose an additional challenge, leading to multidrug resistance. This fact, along with the contamination of medical devices and the limited number of effective antifungal agents available on the market, demonstrates the importance of finding novel drug candidates targeting pathogenic fungal cells and biofilms. In this context, an alternative strategy is the use of antifungal peptides (AFPs) against fungal biofilms. AFPs are considered a group of bioactive molecules with broad-spectrum activities and multiple mechanisms of action that have been widely used as template molecules for drug design strategies aiming at greater specificity and biological efficacy. Among the AFP classes most studied in the context of fungal biofilms, defensins, cathelicidins and histatins have been described. AFPs can also act by preventing the formation of fungal biofilms and eradicating preformed biofilms through mechanisms associated with cell wall perturbation, inhibition of planktonic fungal cells’ adhesion onto surfaces, gene regulation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, considering the critical scenario imposed by fungal biofilms and associated infections and the application of AFPs as a possible treatment, this review will focus on the most effective AFPs described to date, with a core focus on antibiofilm peptides, as well as their efficacy in vivo, application on surfaces and proposed mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G N Oshiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Gisele Rodrigues
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bruna Estéfani D Monges
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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31
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Mirakhorli N, Norolah Z, Foruzandeh S, Shafizade F, Nikookhah F, Saffar B, Ansari O. Multi-functionPlantDefensin,AntimicrobialandHeavyMetal Adsorbent Peptide. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 17:e1562. [PMID: 32195280 PMCID: PMC7080970 DOI: 10.29252/ijb.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Defensin peptide isolated from plants are often heterogeneous in length, sequence and structure, but they are mostly small, cationic and amphipathic.
Plant defensins exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and etc.
Plant defensins also play an important role in innate immunity, such as heavy metal and some abiotic stresses tolerance. Objectives: In this paper, in vitro broad-spectrum activities, antimicrobial and heavy metal absorption, of a recombinant plant defensin were studied. Material and Methods: SDmod gene, a modified plant defensin gene, was cloned in pBISN1-IN (EU886197) plasmid, recombinant protein was produced by transient expression
via Agroinfiltration method in common bean. The recombinant protein was tested for antibacterial activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria
and Fusarium sp. the effects of different treatments on heavy metal zinc absorption by this peptide were tested. Results: We confirmed the antibacterial activities of this peptide against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive
(Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) bacteria, and antifungal activities of this peptide against Fusarium spp.
(Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani).
High metal absorption coefficient for this peptide was also observed.
Results: Out of six actinobacterial isolates, VITVAMB 1 possessed the most efficient RO-16 decolorization property.
It decolorized 85.6% of RO-16 (250 mg L-1) within 24hrs. Isolate VITVAMB 1 was identified to be Nocardiopsis sp.
Maximum dye decolorization occurred at pH 8, temperature 35oC, 3% salt concentration and a dye concentration of 50 mg L-1. Conclusions: Results suggesting that modified defensin peptide facilitates a broader range of defense activities. dedefensins are an important part of the
innate immune system in eukaryotes. These molecules have multidimensional properties that making them promising agents for therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mirakhorli
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Norolah
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samira Foruzandeh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fateme Shafizade
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Nikookhah
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Behnaz Saffar
- Department of Genetic, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Omid Ansari
- Ecofibre Industries Operations and Ananda Hemp, Brisbane, Australia
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32
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Liu H, Li S, Brennan CS, Wang Q. Antimicrobial activity of Arg–Ser–Ser against the food‐borne pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifan Liu
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou Guangdong510225China
| | - Sufen Li
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou Guangdong510225China
| | - Charles Stephen Brennan
- Food Science Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University Lincoln Canterbury7647New Zealand
| | - Qin Wang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou Guangdong510225China
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33
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El-Shehawi AM, Ahmed MM, Elseehy MM, Hassan MM. Isolation of Antimicrobials from Native Plants of Taif Governorate. CYTOL GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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The interaction with fungal cell wall polysaccharides determines the salt tolerance of antifungal plant defensins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:100026. [PMID: 32743142 PMCID: PMC7389181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2019.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The fungal cell wall is the first point of contact between fungal pathogens and host organisms. It serves as a protective barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses and as a signal to the host that a fungal pathogen is present. The fungal cell wall is made predominantly of carbohydrates and glycoproteins, many of which serve as binding receptors for host defence molecules or activate host immune responses through interactions with membrane-bound receptors. Plant defensins are a large family of cationic antifungal peptides that protect plants against fungal disease. Binding of the plant defensin NaD1 to the fungal cell wall has been described but the specific component of the cell wall with which this interaction occurred was unknown. The effect of binding was also unclear, that is whether the plant defensin used fungal cell wall components as a recognition motif for the plant to identify potential pathogens or if the cell wall acted to protect the fungus against the defensin. Here we describe the interaction between the fungal cell wall polysaccharides chitin and β-glucan with NaD1 and other plant defensins. We discovered that the β-glucan layer protects the fungus against plant defensins and the loss of activity experienced by many cationic antifungal peptides at elevated salt concentrations is due to sequestration by fungal cell wall polysaccharides. This has limited the development of cationic antifungal peptides for the treatment of systemic fungal diseases in humans as the level of salt in serum is enough to inactivate most cationic peptides.
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35
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Sathoff AE, Samac DA. Antibacterial Activity of Plant Defensins. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:507-514. [PMID: 30501455 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-18-0229-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant defensins are antimicrobial host defense peptides expressed in all higher plants. Performing a significant role in plant innate immunity, plant defensins display potent activity against a wide range of pathogens. Vertebrate and invertebrate defensins have well-characterized antibacterial activity, but plant defensins are commonly considered to display antimicrobial activity against only fungi. In this review, we highlight the often-overlooked antibacterial activity of plant defensins. Also, we illustrate methods to evaluate defensins for antibacterial activity and describe the current advances in uncovering their antibacterial modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Sathoff
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A.; and
| | - Deborah A Samac
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A.; and
- 2 USDA-ARS, Plant Science Research Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
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36
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Sher Khan R, Iqbal A, Malak R, Shehryar K, Attia S, Ahmed T, Ali Khan M, Arif M, Mii M. Plant defensins: types, mechanism of action and prospects of genetic engineering for enhanced disease resistance in plants. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:192. [PMID: 31065492 PMCID: PMC6488698 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antimicrobial peptides have been shown as one of the important tools to combat certain pathogens and play important role as a part of innate immune system in plants and, also adaptive immunity in animals. Defensin is one of the antimicrobial peptides with a diverse nature of mechanism against different pathogens like viruses, bacteria and fungi. They have a broad function in humans, vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, and plants. Plant defensins primarily interact with membrane lipids for their biological activity. Several antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been overexpressed in plants for enhanced disease protection. The plants defensin peptides have been efficiently employed as an effective strategy for control of diseases in plants. They can be successfully integrated in plants genome along with some other peptide genes in order to produce transgenic crops for enhanced disease resistance. This review summarizes plant defensins, their expression in plants and enhanced disease resistance potential against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raham Sher Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Radia Malak
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Kashmala Shehryar
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Attia
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Talaat Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mubarak Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Masahiro Mii
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University Japan, Chiba, Japan
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37
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Amaral VSG, Fernandes CM, Felício MR, Valle AS, Quintana PG, Almeida CC, Barreto-Bergter E, Gonçalves S, Santos NC, Kurtenbach E. Psd2 pea defensin shows a preference for mimetic membrane rafts enriched with glucosylceramide and ergosterol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:713-728. [PMID: 30639288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Psd2 is a pea defensin with 47 amino acid residues that inhibits the growth of fungal species by an uncharacterized mechanism. In this work, Psd2 interactions with model membranes mimicking the lipid compositions of different organisms were evaluated. Protein-lipid overlay assays indicated that Psd2 recognizes Fusarium solani glucosylceramide (GlcCerF.solani) and ergosterol (Erg) in addition to phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and some phosphatidylinositol species, such as PtdIns (3)P, (5)P and (3,5)P2, suggesting that these lipids may play important roles as Psd2 targets. Assays using lipid vesicles were also performed to study the behaviour and dynamics that occur after peptide-membrane interactions. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that Psd2 has a higher affinity for pure POPC and POPC-based vesicles containing GlcCer and Erg at a 70:30 proportion than for vesicles containing cholesterol (Chol). Partition experiments by fluorescence spectroscopy showed a decrease in Trp42 quantum yield of Psd2 in the presence of GlcCerF.solani and Erg, individually or in simultaneously enriched membranes. The partition coefficient (Kp) obtained indicated a Psd2 partition preference for this vesicles, confirmed by quenching assays using acrylamide and 5/16-doxyl-stearic acid. Furthermore, we showed that the presence of C8C9 double bonds and a methyl group at position C9 of the sphingoid base backbone of GlcCer was relevant to Psd2 activity against Aspergillus nidulans. These results are consistent with the selectivity of Psd2 against fungi and its lack of toxicity in human erythrocytes. Psd2 represents a promising natural compound for the treatment of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Sara Grancieri Amaral
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mário R Felício
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aline Sol Valle
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula G Quintana
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Correa Almeida
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliana Barreto-Bergter
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eleonora Kurtenbach
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Sathoff AE, Velivelli S, Shah DM, Samac DA. Plant Defensin Peptides have Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity Against Human and Plant Pathogens. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:402-408. [PMID: 30252607 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-18-0331-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant defensins are small, cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides. These peptides have previously been shown to primarily inhibit the growth of fungal plant pathogens. Plant defensins have a γ-core motif, defined as GXCX3-9C, which is required for their antifungal activity. To evaluate plant defensins as a potential control for a problematic agricultural disease (alfalfa crown rot), short, chemically synthesized peptides containing γ-core motif sequences were screened for activity against numerous crown rot pathogens. These peptides showed both antifungal and, surprisingly, antibacterial activity. Core motif peptides from Medicago truncatula defensins (MtDef4 and MtDef5) displayed high activity against both plant and human bacterial pathogens in vitro. Full-length defensins had higher antimicrobial activity compared with the peptides containing their predictive γ-core motifs. These results show the future promise for controlling a wide array of economically important fungal and bacterial plant pathogens through the transgenic expression of a plant defensin. They also suggest that plant defensins may be an untapped reservoir for development of therapeutic compounds for combating human and animal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Sathoff
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Siva Velivelli
- 2 Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132; and
| | - Dilip M Shah
- 2 Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132; and
| | - Deborah A Samac
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
- 3 United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108
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39
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Mir Drikvand R, Sohrabi SM, Samiei K. Molecular cloning and characterization of six defensin genes from lentil plant ( Lens culinaris L.). 3 Biotech 2019; 9:104. [PMID: 30800615 PMCID: PMC6387662 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Six full-length gene and cDNA sequences of defensin were identified from Lens culinaris L. plant. The identified genes and cDNAs were different in length and their coding sequences contained Knot1 functional domain. Phylogenetic analysis classified the identified defensins into two subfamilies. All defensin genes contained only one intron and had extracellular signal peptides. Secondary structures of identified defensins were completely composed of alpha helix and beta strand. Presence of conserved Cys amino acids and disulfide bridges, interaction with defense and signaling proteins and antimicrobial activity were other common features of these peptides. The identified defensins displayed differential expression pattern in the various tissues. The highest expression level of defensins was observed in seed, pod, and root tissues. Defensin 4 was significantly expressed in all examined tissues, whereas the other defensins were only expressed in some tissues. Also, in the fungal and wounding treatments, lentil defensins showed different expression pattern. Defensin 1 was up-regulated in both fungal and wounding treatments. Defensin 4 showed decreased expression level in both fungal and wounding treatments. Defensins 2 and 6 were up-regulated in wounding and fungal treatments, respectively. In this study, for the first time, six defensin genes were isolated and characterized from lentil. Our results highlighted the role of defensins in lentil plant that can be used for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mir Drikvand
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohsen Sohrabi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kamran Samiei
- Department of Agriculture, Kangavar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kangavar, Iran
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40
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Kumar M, Yusuf MA, Yadav P, Narayan S, Kumar M. Overexpression of Chickpea Defensin Gene Confers Tolerance to Water-Deficit Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:290. [PMID: 30915095 PMCID: PMC6423178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant defensins are mainly known for their antifungal activity. However, limited information is available regarding their function in abiotic stresses. In this study, a defensin gene, Ca-AFP, from Cicer arietinum, commonly known as chickpea, was cloned and transformed in Arabidopsis thaliana for its functional characterization under simulated water-deficit conditions. Under simulated water-deficit conditions (mannitol and polyethylene glycol-6000 induced), the transgenic A. thaliana plants had higher accumulation of the Ca-AFP transcript compared to that under non-stress condition and showed higher germination rate, root length, and biomass than the wild-type (WT) plants. To get further insights into the role of Ca-AFP in conferring tolerance to water-deficit stress, we determined various physiological parameters and found significant reduction in the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance whereas the net photosynthesis and water use efficiency was increased in the transgenic plants compared to that in the WT plants under water deficit conditions. The transgenic plants showed enhanced superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase activities, had higher proline, chlorophyll, and relative water content, and exhibited reduced ion leakage and malondialdehyde content under water-deficit conditions. Overall, our results indicate that overexpression of Ca-AFP could be an efficient approach for conferring tolerance to water-deficit stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Yusuf
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shiv Narayan
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Manoj Kumar,
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41
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Rogozhin E, Ryazantsev D, Smirnov A, Zavriev S. Primary Structure Analysis of Antifungal Peptides from Cultivated and Wild Cereals. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7030074. [PMID: 30213105 PMCID: PMC6160967 DOI: 10.3390/plants7030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cereal-derived bioactive peptides with antimicrobial activity have been poorly explored compared to those from dicotyledonous plants. Furthermore, there are a few reports addressing the structural differences between antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from cultivated and wild cereals, which may shed light on significant varieties in the range and level of their antimicrobial activity. We performed a primary structure analysis of some antimicrobial peptides from wild and cultivated cereals to find out the features that are associated with the much higher antimicrobial resistance characteristic of wild plants. In this review, we identified and analyzed the main parameters determining significant antifungal activity. They relate to a high variability level in the sequences of C-terminal fragments and a high content of hydrophobic amino acid residues in the biologically active defensins in wild cereals, in contrast to AMPs from cultivated forms that usually exhibit weak, if any, activity. We analyzed the similarity of various physicochemical parameters between thionins and defensins. The presence of a high divergence on a fixed part of any polypeptide that is close to defensins could be a determining factor. For all of the currently known hevein-like peptides of cereals, we can say that the determining factor in this regard is the structure of the chitin-binding domain, and in particular, amino acid residues that are not directly involved in intermolecular interaction with chitin. The analysis of amino acid sequences of alpha-hairpinins (hairpin-like peptides) demonstrated much higher antifungal activity and more specificity of the peptides from wild cereals compared with those from wheat and corn, which may be associated with the presence of a mini cluster of positively charged amino acid residues. In addition, at least one hydrophobic residue may be responsible for binding to the components of fungal cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Rogozhin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey Smirnov
- Department of Plant Protection Timiryazev Russian Agricultural University, ul. Timiryazevskaya 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey Zavriev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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Čelakovská J, Bukač J, Ettler K, Vaneckova J, Ettlerova K, Krejsek J. Sensitisation to outdoor and indoor fungi in atopic dermatitis patients and the relation to the occurrence of food allergy to peanuts and walnuts. Mycoses 2018; 61:698-703. [PMID: 29772091 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is the evaluation of the relation between the sensitisation to outdoor and indoor fungi and allergy to peanuts and walnuts in atopic dermatitis patients aged 14 years and older. The complete dermatological and allergological examinations were performed in all included patients; the occurrence of food allergy to peanuts and walnuts was recorded (specific IgE, skin prick test, history of allergic reaction) and the sensitisation to mixture of outdoor fungi and indoor fungi was also examined (skin prick test, specific IgE). The statistical evaluation of the relation between the sensitisation to outdoor and indoor fungi and the occurrence of food allergy to peanuts and walnuts was performed; 329 patients were included in the study, 110 men and 219 women, the average age 26.8 years. The sensitisation to outdoor fungi was recorded in 91 patients (28%), the sensitisation to indoor fungi was recorded in 61 patients (18.5%), the occurrence of food allergy to peanuts was confirmed in 90 (27%) patients and to walnuts in 121 (36.7%) patients. We confirmed, that patients suffering from sensitisation to outdoor fungi suffer significantly more from food allergy to peanuts and walnuts. The significant relation between the sensitisation to indoor fungi and food allergy to peanuts and walnuts was not confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Bukač
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ettler
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Vaneckova
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kvetuse Ettlerova
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Outpatient Clinic, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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43
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Finkina EI, Ovchinnikova TV. Plant Defensins: Structure, Functions, Biosynthesis, and the Role in the Immune Response. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Velivelli SLS, Islam KT, Hobson E, Shah DM. Modes of Action of a Bi-domain Plant Defensin MtDef5 Against a Bacterial Pathogen Xanthomonas campestris. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:934. [PMID: 29867843 PMCID: PMC5964164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defensins are small cysteine-rich endogenous host defense peptides expressed in all higher plants. They are thought to be important players in the defense arsenal of plants against fungal and oomycete pathogens. However, little is known regarding the antibacterial activity of these peptides. The genome of the model legume Medicago truncatula contains 63 genes each encoding a defensin with a tetradisulfide array. A unique bi-domain defensin, designated MtDef5, was recently characterized for its potent broad-spectrum antifungal activity. This 107-amino acid defensin contains two domains, 50 amino acids each, linked by a short peptide APKKVEP. Here, we characterize antibacterial activity of this defensin and its two domains, MtDef5A and MtDef5B, against two economically important plant bacterial pathogens, Gram-negative Xanthomonas campestris and Gram-positive Clavibacter michiganensis. MtDef5 inhibits the growth of X. campestris, but not C. michiganensis, at micromolar concentrations. MtDef5B, but not MtDef5A, exhibits more potent antibacterial activity than its parent MtDef5. MtDef5 and each of its two domains induce distinct morphological changes and cell death in X. campestris. They permeabilize the bacterial plasma membrane and translocate across membranes to the cytoplasm. They bind to negatively charged DNA indicating these peptides may kill bacterial cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis and/or transcription. The cationic amino acids present in the two γ-core motifs of MtDef5 that were previously shown to be important for its antifungal activity are also important for its antibacterial activity. MtDef5 and its more potent single domain MtDef5B have the potential to be deployed as antibacterial agents for control of a Xanthomonas wilt disease in transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazi T Islam
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Eric Hobson
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Dilip M Shah
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
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45
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Souza GS, de Carvalho LP, de Melo EJT, Gomes VM, Carvalho ADO. The toxic effect of Vu-Defr, a defensin from Vigna unguiculata seeds, on Leishmania amazonensis is associated with reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and plasma membrane perturbation. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:455-464. [PMID: 29586486 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant defensins are plant antimicrobial peptides that present diverse biological activities in vitro, including the elimination of Leishmania amazonensis. Plant defensins are considered promising candidates for the development of new drugs. This protozoan genus has great epidemiological importance and the mechanism behind the protozoan death by defensins is unknown, thus, we chose L. amazonensis for this study. The aim of the work was to analyze the possible toxic mechanisms of Vu-Defr against L. amazonensis. For analyses, the antimicrobial assay was repeated as previously described, and after 24 h, an aliquot of the culture was tested for viability, membrane perturbation, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) inductions. The results of these analyses indicated that after interaction with L. amazonensis, the Vu-Defr causes elimination of promastigotes from culture, membrane perturbation, mitochondrial membrane collapse, and ROS induction. Our analysis demonstrated that NO is not produced after Vu-Defr and L. amazonensis interaction. In conclusion, our work strives to help to fill the gap relating to effects caused by plant defensins on protozoan and thus better understand the mechanism of action of this peptide against L. amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssika Silva Souza
- a Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Micro-organismos, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lais Pessanha de Carvalho
- b Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edésio José Tenório de Melo
- b Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valdirene Moreira Gomes
- a Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Micro-organismos, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André de Oliveira Carvalho
- a Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Micro-organismos, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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46
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Parisi K, Shafee TMA, Quimbar P, van der Weerden NL, Bleackley MR, Anderson MA. The evolution, function and mechanisms of action for plant defensins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 88:107-118. [PMID: 29432955 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant defensins are an extensive family of small cysteine rich proteins characterised by a conserved cysteine stabilised alpha beta protein fold which resembles the structure of insect and vertebrate defensins. However, secondary structure and disulphide topology indicates two independent superfamilies of defensins with similar structures that have arisen via an extreme case of convergent evolution. Defensins from plants and insects belong to the cis-defensin superfamily whereas mammalian defensins belong to the trans-defensin superfamily. Plant defensins are produced by all species of plants and although the structure is highly conserved, the amino acid sequences are highly variable with the exception of the cysteine residues that form the stabilising disulphide bonds and a few other conserved residues. The majority of plant defensins are components of the plant innate immune system but others have evolved additional functions ranging from roles in sexual reproduction and development to metal tolerance. This review focuses on the antifungal mechanisms of plant defensins. The activity of plant defensins is not limited to plant pathogens and many of the described mechanisms have been elucidated using yeast models. These mechanisms are more complex than simple membrane permeabilisation induced by many small antimicrobial peptides. Common themes that run through the characterised mechanisms are interactions with specific lipids, production of reactive oxygen species and induction of cell wall stress. Links between sequence motifs and functions are highlighted where appropriate. The complexity of the interactions between plant defensins and fungi helps explain why this protein superfamily is ubiquitous in plant innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Parisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas M A Shafee
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pedro Quimbar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole L van der Weerden
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark R Bleackley
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marilyn A Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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47
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Van Nierop SNE, Rautenbach M, Axcell BC, Cantrell IC. The Impact of Microorganisms on Barley and Malt Quality—A Review. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-64-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Rautenbach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - B. C. Axcell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
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48
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A novel bi-domain plant defensin MtDef5 with potent broad-spectrum antifungal activity binds to multiple phospholipids and forms oligomers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16157. [PMID: 29170445 PMCID: PMC5700942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptides contributing to the innate immunity in plants. A unique gene encoding a highly cationic bi-domain defensin MtDef5 has been identified in a model legume Medicago truncatula. MtDef5 consists of two defensin domains of 50 amino acids each linked by a 7-amino acid peptide. It exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity against filamentous fungi at submicromolar concentrations. It rapidly permeabilizes the plasma membrane of the ascomycete fungi Fusarium graminearum and Neurospora crassa and induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species. It is internalized by these fungi, but uses spatially distinct modes of entry into these fungi. It co-localizes with cellular membranes, travels to nucleus and becomes dispersed in other subcellular locations. It binds to several membrane-resident phospholipids with preference for phosphatidylinositol monophosphates and forms oligomers. Mutations of the cationic amino acids present in the two γ-core motifs of this defensin that eliminate oligomerization also knockout its ability to induce membrane permeabilization and fungal growth arrest. MtDef5 is the first bi-domain plant defensin that exhibits potent broad-spectrum antifungal activity, recruits multiple membrane phospholipids and forms oligomers in their presence. These findings raise the possibility that MtDef5 might be useful as a novel antifungal agent in transgenic crops.
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49
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Cools TL, Vriens K, Struyfs C, Verbandt S, Ramada MHS, Brand GD, Bloch C, Koch B, Traven A, Drijfhout JW, Demuyser L, Kucharíková S, Van Dijck P, Spasic D, Lammertyn J, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. The Antifungal Plant Defensin HsAFP1 Is a Phosphatidic Acid-Interacting Peptide Inducing Membrane Permeabilization. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2295. [PMID: 29209301 PMCID: PMC5702387 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HsAFP1, a plant defensin isolated from coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea), is characterized by broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Previous studies indicated that HsAFP1 binds to specific fungal membrane components, which had hitherto not been identified, and induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cell membrane permeabilization. In this study, we show that HsAFP1 reversibly interacts with the membrane phospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA), which is a precursor for the biosynthesis of other phospholipids, and to a lesser extent with various phosphatidyl inositol phosphates (PtdInsP's). Moreover, via reverse ELISA assays we identified two basic amino acids in HsAFP1, namely histidine at position 32 and arginine at position 52, as well as the phosphate group in PA as important features enabling this interaction. Using a HsAFP1 variant, lacking both amino acids (HsAFP1[H32A][R52A]), we showed that, as compared to the native peptide, the ability of this variant to bind to PA and PtdInsP's is reduced (≥74%) and the antifungal activity of the variant is reduced (≥2-fold), highlighting the link between PA/PtdInsP binding and antifungal activity. Using fluorescently labelled HsAFP1 in confocal microscopy and flow cytometry assays, we showed that HsAFP1 accumulates at the cell surface of yeast cells with intact membranes, most notably at the buds and septa. The resulting HsAFP1-induced membrane permeabilization is likely to occur after HsAFP1's internalization. These data provide novel mechanistic insights in the mode of action of the HsAFP1 plant defensin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanne L Cools
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim Vriens
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Struyfs
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Verbandt
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcelo H S Ramada
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme D Brand
- Chemistry Institute, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Bloch
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Barbara Koch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ana Traven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan W Drijfhout
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Demuyser
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Soňa Kucharíková
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Kumari M, Rai AK, Devanna BN, Singh PK, Kapoor R, Rajashekara H, Prakash G, Sharma V, Sharma TR. Co-transformation mediated stacking of blast resistance genes Pi54 and Pi54rh in rice provides broad spectrum resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1747-1755. [PMID: 28905253 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report of stacking two major blast resistance genes in blast susceptible rice variety using co-transformation method to widen the resistance spectrum against different isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae. Single resistance (R-) gene mediated approach for the management of rice blast disease has met with frequent breakdown in resistance response. Besides providing the durable resistance, gene pyramiding or stacking also imparts broad spectrum resistance against plant pathogens, including rice blast. In the present study, we stacked two R-genes; Pi54 and Pi54rh having broad spectrum resistance against multiple isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae). Both Pi54 and Pi54rh expressed under independent promoters were transferred into the blast susceptible japonica rice Taipei 309 (TP309) using particle gun bombardment method. Functional complementation analysis of stacked transgenic rice lines showed higher level of resistance to a set of highly virulent M. oryzae isolates collected from different rice growing regions. qRT-PCR analysis has shown M. oryzae induced expression of both the R-genes in stacked transgenic lines. The present study also demonstrated the effectiveness of the strategy for rapid single step gene stacking using co-transformation approach to engineer durable resistance against rice blast disease and also this is the first report in which two blast R-genes are stacked together using co-transformation approach. The two-gene-stacked transgenic line developed in this study can be used further to understand the molecular aspects of defense-related pathways vis-a-vis single R-gene containing transgenic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kumari
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - B N Devanna
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Kapoor
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - H Rajashekara
- Crop Protection Section, Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora, 263 601, Uttarakhand, India
| | - G Prakash
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.
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