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Folwarski M, Maciejewska-Cebulak M, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Sumlet M, Kupiec M, Jankowska B, Kwella B, Balul G, Szafrański W, Kłęk S. Quality of life of caregivers of patients on home enteral nutrition. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1983-1990. [PMID: 39053325 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home enteral nutrition (HEN) patients often rely heavily on caregivers (CGs), whose quality of life (QoL) is significantly impacted. This study aimed to identify potentially modifiable factors influencing the QoL of CGs of HEN patients. METHODS A multicentre, cross-sectional study was conducted in three home nutrition centers from Jan 2021 to Jan 2022. We enrolled 90 CGs of HEN patients, collecting data on QoL (WHOQOL-BREF), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), CG burden (Zarit Burden Interview), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), stress (Perceived Stress Scale), life satisfaction (Satisfaction With Life Scale) and financial status. RESULTS The mean age of CGs was 54.53 years, with 76% being female. 19% of CGs rated their QoL as poor, and 57% had depression. Multivariate regression analysis showed that financial satisfaction (β = 0.14, p < 0.01) and depression (β = -0.03, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of QoL (R2 = 0.6). Depression correlated with CG burden (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (r = 0.47, p < 0.001), stress (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), and financial satisfaction (r = -0.39, p = 0.001). The average monthly income per person was $663.3 and 51.2% of CGs were not satisfied with their financial situation. Lower income was correlated with stress (r = -0.298, p = 0.023). CG burden was associated with financial satisfaction (r = -0.373, p < 0.001), quality of sleep (r = 0.296, p = 0.005) depression (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), stress (r = 0.5, p < 0.001) and satisfaction with life (r = -0.389, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CGs of HEN patients face substantial challenges impacting their QoL, particularly financial stress and depression. Addressing these issues through comprehensive support systems is crucial to improve CG well-being and, subsequently, patient care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Folwarski
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Unit, General Surgery Department, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sumlet
- General Surgery Unit with Intestinal Failure Center, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland
| | - Monika Kupiec
- General Surgery Unit with Intestinal Failure Center, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland
| | - Barbara Jankowska
- Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Unit, General Surgery Department, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bogna Kwella
- Provincial Specialist Hospital, Department of Clinical Nutrition, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Gabriela Balul
- Provincial Specialist Hospital, Department of Clinical Nutrition, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Waldemar Szafrański
- Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Unit, General Surgery Department, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stanisław Kłęk
- General Surgery Unit with Intestinal Failure Center, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland; Surgical Oncology Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, General Surgery Unit with Intestinal Failure Center, Skawina, Poland
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Romano C, Lionetti P, Spagnuolo MI, Amarri S, Diamanti A, Verduci E, Lezo A, Simona G. Trends and challenges in home enteral feeding methods for children with gastrointestinal disorders: an expert review on bolus feeding delivery methods. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:193-202. [PMID: 38030649 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2289530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New evidence supports the benefits of bolus feeding for children receiving home enteral feeding (HEN). Current home methods of bolus feeding have certain limitations, particularly in mobile or restless patients. Therefore, innovative delivery methods have been introduced to provide more flexible methods of reducing feeding time and formula handling. AREAS COVERED This manuscript presents an expert review of the updates in HEN for children and the results of an online user experience questionnaire about an innovative new cap-based bolus feeding system. A literature bibliographic search was conducted on Medline via PubMed up to September 2023 to collect relevant studies. We presented recent evidence demonstrating a dramatic increase in HEN use among children requiring EN and its benefits on patients' nutritional status and quality of life. In addition, the article examined the clinical and social benefits of bolus feeding and current challenges in delivery methods. We described the benefits of the new system and its user experience. EXPERT OPINION The uses and indications for bolus feeding in HEN are increasing among children. However, there are still some unmet needs regarding traditional delivery methods. Innovative techniques can improve flexibility, reduce feeding time, and improve user experience and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Lionetti
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Department NEUROFARBA - University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Amarri
- Pediatric Palliative Care, Fondazione Hospice MT. C. Seràgnoli, BO, Bentivoglio, Italy
| | - Antonella Diamanti
- Artificial Nutrition Unit Bambino Gesù, Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Lezo
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Gatti Simona
- Department of Pediatrics,Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy
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Buhl ND, Bourry J, Seguy D, Lescut D. Epidemiology of home enteral and parenteral nutrition in adults: Comprehensive national data. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 60:79-85. [PMID: 38479943 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although HEN and HPN are important parts of home healthcare, lack of information about the number of patients concerned is surprising. This educational paper presents a review of literature concerning published national data on epidemiology of both HEN and HPN, for different countries. It compares these publications with an exhaustive retrospective observational study on our national adult population for the year 2019. METHODS Our presented retrospective observational national study was carried out on patients aged 20 and over, divided by sex and into three age groups: 20-39, 40-59, 60 years old and over. Open data from the National Health Insurance obtained the number of patients who started a HEN or HPN during 2019 (incidence), as well as those followed in HEN or HPN during this year (prevalence). Results are compared with a literature review compiling all available publications presenting national data on epidemiology of both HEN and HPN for a same country. RESULTS This work covered an entire national population of 50.881 948 adults. The incidence and prevalence of HEN were respectively 37.4/100 000 inhab/year and 74.0/100 000 inhab, with significant gender and age differences. The incidence and overall prevalence of HPN were respectively 22.0/100 000 inhab/year and 25.3/100 000 inhab. The prevalence of HPN during over 12 weeks was 6.2/100 000 inhab. The HEN/HPN ratio was 3:1. A total of 37 657 and 12 859 adults respectively required HEN and HPN among 50 881 948 people aged 20 and over. Published papers to compare, aggregating national data for both HEN and HPN, are only few. They do not have exhaustive data, they are often carried out on limited populations and often indiscriminately affect adults and children. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiology of HEN and HPN remains poorly described in the literature. We present here the first results to accurately assess the incidence and prevalence of HAN on a complete national adult population and for a same year. The completeness of our data may explain these results of incidence and prevalence significantly higher than almost all available information in the existing literature, but as close as possible to real data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Danel Buhl
- Unité de Nutrition Artificielle à Domicile, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | | | - David Seguy
- Nutrition, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1286, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Agréé de Nutrition Parentérale à Domicile, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Dominique Lescut
- Unité de Nutrition Artificielle à Domicile, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Endo R, Sugimoto S, Shirosaki K, Kato H, Wada M, Kanai T, Sato T. Clinical challenges of short bowel syndrome and the path forward for organoid-based regenerative medicine. Regen Ther 2023; 24:64-73. [PMID: 37868721 PMCID: PMC10584670 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare condition, the main symptom of which is malabsorption following extensive resection of the small intestine. Treatment for SBS is mainly supportive, consisting of supplementation, prevention and treatment of complications, and promotion of intestinal adaptation. While development of parenteral nutrition and drugs promoting intestinal adaptation has improved clinical outcomes, the prognosis of patients with SBS remains poor. Intestinal transplantation is the only curative therapy but its outcome is unsatisfactory. In the absence of definitive therapy, novel treatment is urgently needed. With the advent of intestinal organoids, research on the intestine has developed remarkably in recent years. Concepts such as the "tissue-engineered small intestine" and "small intestinalized colon," which create a functional small intestine by combining organoids with other technologies, are potentially novel regenerative therapeutic approaches for SBS. Although they are still under development and there are substantial issues to be resolved, the problems that have prevented establishment of the complex function and structure of the small intestine are gradually being overcome. This review discusses the current treatments for SBS, the fundamentals of the intestine and organoids, the current status of these new technologies, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Endo
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Shirosaki
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirochika Kato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Motoshi Wada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Madrid-Paredes A, Leyva-Martínez S, Ávila-Rubio V, Molina-Soria JB, Sorribes-Carrera P, Yeste-Doblas C, López-Medina JA, Luna-López VE, Fernández-Soto ML. Impact of nutritional and educational support on home enteral nutrition. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:45. [PMID: 37218015 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home Enteral Nutrition (HEN) is used to prevent or correct malnutrition in outpatients. Due to the complexity of this process, the indication, follow-up, and results of an educational program of HEN patients was evaluated. METHODS A prospective, observational, real-life, multicenter study was performed in 21 Spanish Hospital. Patients receiving HEN by nasogastric tube or ostomy were included. The following variables were collected: age, gender, HEN indication, type of formula, nutritional requirements, laboratory variables, complications, and quality standards of the educational program. To calculate the energy and protein requirements, the FAO/WHO/UNU formula was used considering the adjusted weight of the patients. All data were analyzed using SPSS.24. RESULTS 414 patients were included. Most conditions diagnosed were neurodegenerative diseases (64.8%). 100 (25.3%) were diabetic. The mean weight was 59.3 ± 10.4 kg and BMI 22.6 ± 3.2. Moderate protein-calorie malnutrition was predominant at baseline (46.4%). Improvement in nutritional status at six months was recorded in more than 75% of patients (p < 0.05). Tolerance problems, diarrhea and abdominal distension fell between the 3- and 6-month visits (p < 0.05). Patients who received intermittent EN had fewer tolerance-related effects (OR 0.042; 95% CI 0.006-0.279) and less diarrhoea (OR 0.042; 95% CI 0.006-0.279). At the baseline and 6-month visits, compliance with the educational measures proposed by the prescriber was ≥ 99%. CONCLUSION The nutritional assessment to prescribe individualized HEN to each patient, together with educational measures and training in the proper use of this treatment for both patients and trainers, improves nutritional status and reduces the onset of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Madrid-Paredes
- Servicio Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Av. del Conocimiento, s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Socorro Leyva-Martínez
- Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Av. del Conocimiento, s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Verónica Ávila-Rubio
- Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Av. del Conocimiento, s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Bautista Molina-Soria
- Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética, Hospital Universitario San Agustín, AGS Norte de Jaén en Linares (Jaén), Av. San Cristóbal, 2D, 23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain
| | - Patricia Sorribes-Carrera
- Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Avda. Dr. Clará 19 (704,29 km), 12002, Castellón de La Plana, Spain
| | - Carmen Yeste-Doblas
- Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Av. del Conocimiento, s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - José Antonio López-Medina
- Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos, s/n, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Victoria Eugenia Luna-López
- Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
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Winkler M, Tappenden K. Epidemiology, survival, costs, and quality of life in adults with short bowel syndrome. Nutr Clin Pract 2023; 38 Suppl 1:S17-S26. [PMID: 37115027 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare disorder with known physical, psychosocial, and economic burdens and significant morbidity and mortality. Many individuals with SBS require long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN). The incidence and prevalence of SBS is difficult to determine because it is often based on HPN usage and may not account for those who receive intravenous fluids or achieve enteral autonomy. The most common etiologies associated with SBS are Crohn's disease and mesenteric ischemia. Intestinal anatomy and remnant bowel length are prognostic for HPN dependency, and enteral autonomy confers a survival advantage. Health economic data confirm that PN-related costs are higher for hospitalizations than at home; yet significant healthcare resource utilization is necessary for successful HPN, and patients and families report substantial financial distress that impacts quality of life (QOL). An important advancement in QOL measurement is the validation of HPN- and SBS-specific QOL questionnaires. In addition to the known factors negatively impacting QOL, such as diarrhea, pain, nocturia, fatigue, depression, and narcotic dependency, research has shown that the volume and number of PN infusions per week is associated with QOL. Although traditional QOL measurements describe how underlying disease and therapy influence life, they do not assess how symptoms and functional limitations affect the QOL of patients and caregivers. Patient-centered measures and conversation focused on psychosocial issues helps patients with SBS and HPN dependency better cope with their disease and treatment. This article presents a brief overview of SBS, including epidemiology, survival, costs, and QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Winkler
- Department of Surgery/Nutrition Support, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kelly Tappenden
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Rathjen FG, Jüttner R. The IgSF Cell Adhesion Protein CLMP and Congenital Short Bowel Syndrome (CSBS). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5719. [PMID: 36982793 PMCID: PMC10056934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule CLMP is a member of the CAR family of cell adhesion proteins and is implicated in human congenital short-bowel syndrome (CSBS). CSBS is a rare but very severe disease for which no cure is currently available. In this review, we compare data from human CSBS patients and a mouse knockout model. These data indicate that CSBS is characterized by a defect in intestinal elongation during embryonic development and impaired peristalsis. The latter is driven by uncoordinated calcium signaling via gap junctions, which is linked to a reduction in connexin43 and 45 levels in the circumferential smooth muscle layer of the intestine. Furthermore, we discuss how mutations in the CLMP gene affect other organs and tissues, including the ureter. Here, the absence of CLMP produces a severe bilateral hydronephrosis-also caused by a reduced level of connexin43 and associated uncoordinated calcium signaling via gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz G. Rathjen
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany;
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8
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Palchaudhuri S, Mccreary B, Davis J, Mcginnis B, Nyberg S, Mundi MS, Pham A. Discharged on Enteral Nutrition: What Now? The Poor State of Outpatient Support for Patients on Enteral Nutrition Support. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2023; 25:61-68. [PMID: 36734991 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-023-00864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While the use of enteral nutrition (EN) has increased, and more medical centers have developed inpatient programs to address the unique needs of these patients, our collective experience at a few large institutions indicates that there is very little systemic support for patients after discharge. Here, we discuss what we have observed to be some of the barriers to providing outpatient follow up care, summarize the impact we have seen on patients, and propose some possible solutions. RECENT FINDINGS We have observed and identified some of the root causes to include financial barriers; uncoordinated care transitions; high complexity of care, including medication management; and diffuse leadership to a multidisciplinary problem. Systematic support for outpatient care for patients discharged on enteral nutrition is rare and limited, due to many root causes. There are a few tools and tips that we have summarized here for individual providers, and a few promising methods in development, but a systematic approach is in great need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Palchaudhuri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Brigid Mccreary
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Brenna Mcginnis
- Penn Medicine Center for Health Care Innovation, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan Nyberg
- Penn Medicine Center for Health Care Innovation, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manpreet S Mundi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Sforza E, Limongelli D, Giorgio V, Margiotta G, Proli F, Kuczynska EM, Leoni C, Rigante D, Contaldo I, Veredice C, Rinninella E, Gasbarrini A, Zampino G, Onesimo R. The Impact of Blenderized Tube Feeding on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, a Scoping Review. APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 13:2173. [DOI: 10.3390/app13042173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe gastrointestinal symptoms are one of the main reasons for switching from conventional artificial tube feeding to blenderized tube feeding (BTF). This study aimed to describe and quantify the impact of BTF on gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adults. We analyzed four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar). The review was performed following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. The methodological quality of articles was assessed following the NIH quality assessment tools. The initial search yielded 535 articles and, after removing duplicates and off-topic articles, 12 met the inclusion criteria. All included papers unanimously converged in defining an improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms during blenderized feeding: the eight studies involving pediatric cohorts report a decrease from 30 to over 50% in gagging and retching after commencing BTF. Similar rates are reported for constipation and diarrhea improvement in most critically ill adults. Experimental studies and particularly randomized controlled trials are needed to develop robust evidence on the effectiveness of BTF in gastrointestinal symptom improvement with prolonged follow-up and adequate medical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valentina Giorgio
- Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Proli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eliza Maria Kuczynska
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Contaldo
- Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Veredice
- Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Scienze, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, CEMAD, Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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10
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Mundi MS, Mohamed Elfadil O, Hurt RT, Bonnes S, Salonen BR. Management of long-term home parenteral nutrition: Historical perspective, common complications, and patient education and training. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2023; 47 Suppl 1:S24-S34. [PMID: 36468330 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal failure (IF) is a rare disease that requires ongoing intravenous supplementation to sustain growth and health. Advancements in parenteral nutrition (PN) and central venous access in the 1960s and 1970s transformed a life-limiting disease to a chronic one in which patients are able to administer hydration, electrolytes, micronutrients, and macronutrients in the comfort of their home. However, despite ongoing advancements in the field of home PN (HPN), complications-whether related to central venous catheters or PN itself-remain common and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Central venous access can be associated with thrombosis, central line-associated bloodstream infection, or damage and can result in loss of access over time. PN can be associated with IF-associated liver disease or hyperglycemia. The key to preserving central venous access and quality of life and maintaining health for patients with chronic IF (CIF) is education focused on prevention and prompt management of CIF complications as they arise. This education typically takes place at the time of initiation of HPN, either in the hospital setting or in the patient's home. The present manuscript describes the historical progression of HPN, prevalence and characteristics of CIF, and an in-depth discussion of the most common catheter-related and PN-related complications and their management, along with a discussion of our education and training process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet S Mundi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Osman Mohamed Elfadil
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan T Hurt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sara Bonnes
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bradley R Salonen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Palchaudhuri S, Mehta SJ, Snider CK, Hudson L, Wu GD, Pickett-Blakely O. Hospital Discharge on Enteral Nutrition is Associated with Increased Hospital Readmissions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:207-210. [PMID: 35512777 PMCID: PMC9590319 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.2022034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Enteral nutrition (EN) delivered via an enteric access device is employed to correct severe malnutrition and feed patients with pathology restricting oral intake, and is often initiated in the hospital. There are limited data on the clinical outcomes of patients discharged from the hospital on EN. We sought to assess whether discharge with enteral nutrition (DCEN) was independently associated with increased hospital readmissions and to assess the frequency of DCEN in our hospital.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all hospital discharges from a tertiary care hospital between 7/2017 and 12/2019. The primary and secondary outcomes were 30- and 90-day readmissions respectively. We evaluated demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, nutrition status, and readmissions as reported in the electronic health record per hospital encounter. Logistic regressions were performed for 30- and 90-day readmissions based on DCEN.Results: Of 80,080 hospital encounters, 2527 (3.2%) encounters resulted in discharge with EN. 30-day readmissions occurred in 22.8% of encounters with DCEN and 12.5% of encounters without (p < 0.001). 90-day readmissions occurred in 35.1% and 20.4% of encounters with and without DCEN respectively (p < 0.001). The unadjusted odds ratio for 30-day readmissions for encounters with DCEN was 2.07 (CI 1.88-2.28). When adjusted for age, race, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and malnutrition co-diagnosis, the odds ratio was 1.40 (CI 1.27-1.55).Conclusions: Patients with DCEN have a significantly higher likelihood of 30- and 90-day readmission. Targeted interventions and improved post-discharge care for this identified high-risk population may decrease hospital readmissions.[Box: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Palchaudhuri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Shivan J. Mehta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Medicine Center for Health Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher K Snider
- Penn Medicine Center for Health Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lauren Hudson
- Penn Center for Nutritional Science and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gary D Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Center for Nutritional Science and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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12
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Mohamed Elfadil O, Keaveney E, Patel A, Abdelmagid MG, Patel I, Patel J, Hurt RT, Mundi MS. Usability of a Novel Enteral Feeding System: A Summative Study. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2022; 15:253-262. [PMID: 35958115 PMCID: PMC9362904 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s367100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Utilization of long-term home enteral nutrition (HEN) for nutrition therapy is increasing across the world. However, HEN can be a mobility-limiting experience affecting quality of life (QoL). Improvement of QoL for patients receiving HEN is a universal goal within the nutrition community. This study evaluated usability of Mobility+®, a novel enteral feeding system (EFS). Methods A summative study evaluating usability of the novel EFS was conducted with novices (NV), non-novices (NN), and healthcare professionals (HCP). Subjects in NV and NN groups received familiarization training where they were introduced to the novel EFS and walked through steps to fill pouch, simulate feeding, flush (rinse), and wear the system, using the Instructions for Use (IFU) booklet, followed by a testing session where they simulated system use on their own. HCP self-trained using the IFU and instructional videos. A fill from ready-to-hang (RTH) formula bag method was also tested in HCP. Participants’ ability to loosely coil the tubing and sit, stand, and move around wearing a filled feeding pouch inside a crossbody bag was also evaluated. Results Forty-five participants completed the study. All participants successfully and safely simulated use of the novel EFS, with 97.8% (44/45) doing so on first attempt. All participants could wear the novel EFS in crossbody bag and move around without any use errors or safety issues. Conclusion The examined novel EFS can be safely used in intended use population, with or without previous experience with enteral nutrition, on provision of basic familiarization training and written IFU. Additionally, HCP can successfully self-train on this system with instructional videos. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/WWR06dCUPts
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Mohamed Elfadil
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ankitaben Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marwa G Abdelmagid
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ishani Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jalpan Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan T Hurt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Manpreet S Mundi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Correspondence: Manpreet S Mundi, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA, Tel +1 507-284-0106, Fax +1 507-284-5745, Email
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Surgical Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome—The Past, the Present and the Future, a Descriptive Review of the Literature. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9071024. [PMID: 35884008 PMCID: PMC9322125 DOI: 10.3390/children9071024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a devastating disorder with both short- and long-term implications for patients. Unfortunately, the prevalence of SBS has doubled over the past 40 years. Broadly speaking, the etiology of SBS can be categorized as congenital or secondary, the latter typically due to extensive small bowel resection following diseases of the small intestine, e.g., necrotizing enterocolitis, Hirschsprung’s disease or intestinal atresia. As of yet, no cure exists, thus, conservative treatment, primarily parenteral nutrition (PN), is the first-line therapy. In some cases, weaning from PN is not possible and operative therapy is required. The invention of the longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring (LILT or Bianchi) procedure in 1980 was a major step forward in patient care and spawned further techniques that continue to improve lives for patients with severe SBS (e.g., double barrel enteroplasty, serial transverse enteroplasty, etc.). With this review, we aim to provide an overview of the clinical implications of SBS, common conservative therapies and the development of operative techniques over the past six decades. We also provide a short outlook on the future of operative techniques, specifically with respect to regenerative medicine.
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Folwarski M, Kłęk S, Zoubek-Wójcik A, Szafrański W, Bartoszewska L, Figuła K, Jakubczyk M, Jurczuk A, Kamocki Z, Kowalczyk T, Kwella B, Matras P, Sonsala-Wołczyk J, Szopiński J, Urbanowicz K, Zmarzły A. Foods for Special Medical Purposes in Home Enteral Nutrition-Clinical Practice Experience. Multicenter Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906186. [PMID: 35873447 PMCID: PMC9301075 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteral nutrition (EN) with foods for special medical purposes (FSMP) is recommended for most patients on home enteral nutrition (HEN). Although there are disease-specific guidelines for energy, protein, and micronutrient provision, only a few studies are showing real-life experience in the long-term use of FSMP. Methods In a multicenter study, the influence of the FSMP composition and administration technique (bolus vs. continuous) on protein and energy provision in HEN was analyzed. Provision of vitamins and minerals was compared to recommended daily allowance (RDA) and upper tolerable limit (UL). Results Approximately, 772 patients on HEN, mostly (88.6%) with oncological and neurological diseases, were enrolled. The patients on standard FSMP received less protein and energy than those on hypercaloric and protein enriched despite receiving higher volumes of EN (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in jejunal feeding with oligomeric vs. polymeric FSMP in terms of energy, protein, and volume. Continuous gastric feeding provided more protein, energy, and volume vs. bolus feeding (p < 0.05). Significant number of patients received less than 100% RDA of vitamin D (50.5%), vitamin B3 (49%), vitamin K (21.8%), vitamin B5 (64.3%), vitamin B9 (60%). Majority of the patients received less than 100% RDA of sodium (80.2%), potassium (99%), chloride (98%), calcium (67%), magnesium (87%), fluoride (99%), and iodine (43%). Approximately, 43.63% of cancer and 49.9% of neurological patients received less than 1 g/kg/day of protein and 51.7% of cancer and 55.5% of neurological patients received less than 25 kcal/kg/day. Conclusion Awareness of the available compositions of FSMP and advantageous profiles of specific diets may lead to the implementation of recommendations for EN. HEN professionals need to analyze all the patient's needs and requirements to provide more tailored matching of nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Folwarski
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Unit, Department of General Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stanisław Kłęk
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Cancer Institute, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Waldemar Szafrański
- Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Unit, Department of General Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lidia Bartoszewska
- First Department General and Transplant Surgery and Clinical Nutrition Medical University of Lublin, Home Enteral and Parental Nutrition Unit SPSK4, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Marlena Jakubczyk
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Nutritional Team, Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Clinic University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Jurczuk
- Outpatient Clinic of Nutritional Therapy Clinical Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kamocki
- 2nd Department of General, Gastroenterological and Oncological Surgery Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Bogna Kwella
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Provincial Specialist Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Przemysław Matras
- First Department General and Transplant Surgery and Clinical Nutrition Medical University of Lublin, Home Enteral and Parental Nutrition Unit SPSK4, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Szopiński
- Department of General Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- General Surgery and Clinical Nutrition Ward, Community Hospital Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Anna Zmarzły
- Gromkowski City Hospital Wrocław, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Wrocław, Poland
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Mundi MS, Mercer DF, Iyer K, Pfeffer D, Zimmermann LB, Berner-Hansen M, Bishop J, Seidner DL. Characteristics of Chronic Intestinal Failure in the USA Based on Analysis of Claims Data. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022; 46:1614-1622. [PMID: 35726729 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the prevalence, characteristics, and management of patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) in the USA in 2012-2020, based on parenteral support (PS) prescription claims and healthcare utilization. METHODS Patients with CIF were identified from the Integrated DataVerse® claims database if they had at least two PS prescriptions within six months and a relevant diagnosis. Analysis included prevalence and characteristics of patients with CIF, their travel distance to receive PS prescriptions, and the distribution of PS providers and their prescribing history. RESULTS Up to 24,048 patients with CIF were identified, equivalent to 75 patients per million. CIF affected people of all ages, being more prevalent in women than in men. Many providers signed PS orders for small patient groups over short time periods, whereas few providers signed PS orders for large patient groups long term, indicating a lack of centralization. The distribution of PS providers suggested a disparity in healthcare coverage in rural vs urban areas, leading to patients traveling considerable distances to receive PS prescriptions. This may be exacerbated by a decline of providers with expertise in CIF and nutrition. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare disparities for patients with CIF have likely been obscured by the lack of CIF-specific diagnostic and procedure codes, obliging providers to code for their patients under other codes. Effective policy changes, including centralized care, revision of reimbursement models, and expansion of nutrition-focused education in addition to the newly introduced International Classification of Diseases codes, are needed to provide the best care for patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCY STATEMENT CIF affects people of all ages and is more prevalent in women than in men. Healthcare coverage for patients with CIF is largely decentralized. Disparities are evident in rural compared to urban areas, leading to patients traveling considerable distances to receive PS prescriptions, which may be exacerbated by a decline of providers with expertise in CIF and nutrition. These healthcare inequalities necessitate effective policy changes, including introduction of CIF-specific diagnostic and procedure codes, such as the ongoing introduction of unique ICD codes for CIF and associated diseases, revision of reimbursement models and assurance of the continuity of providers with expertise in CIF and nutrition (eg, by expansion of nutrition-focused education in medical schools). Importantly, improvements in healthcare centralization are required to secure management of patients by highly experienced multidisciplinary teams throughout the USA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet S Mundi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David F Mercer
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kishore Iyer
- Recanati Miller Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Berner-Hansen
- Zealand Pharma A/S, Søborg, Denmark
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joan Bishop
- The Oley Foundation, Albany Medical Center, Delmar, New York, USA
| | - Douglas L Seidner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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16
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Fuglsang KA, Brandt CF, Jeppesen PB. Survival In Patients Initiating Home Parenteral Support Due To Nonmalignant Short Bowel Syndrome Compared With Background Population. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:170-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Naghibi M, Skinner C, Burden S, Bozzetti F, Cuerda C, Joly F, Jeppesen P, Lamprecht G, Mundi M, Szczepanek K, Van Gossum A, Wanten G, Pironi L, Lal S. A multi-national survey of experience and attitudes towards commencing home parenteral nutrition for patients with advanced cancer. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:246-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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18
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Palchaudhuri S, Mehta SJ, Snider CK, Parsikia A, Hudson L, Compher C, Lewis JD, Wu GD, Pickett-Blakely O. Causes of readmissions for patients discharged on enteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022; 46:1672-1676. [PMID: 35040141 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients discharged with enteral nutrition through an enteral access device (DCEN) are noted to have increased hospital readmissions but data on the causes for readmissions are limited. We assessed the proportion of these readmissions attributed to enteral nutrition (EN) and determined the contributing factors to readmissions. METHODS Using electronic health record data, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of all hospital encounters in an academic, urban hospital from 7/2017 - 12/2019 with DCEN to find all unplanned readmissions at the same hospital within 90-days. For each readmission, we conducted chart review to evaluate whether discharge documentation identified the primary cause of readmission to be EN-related and evaluated for EN-related plan adjustments upon discharge. RESULTS Over the 30-month period, there were 224 and 442 readmissions occurring within 30 and 90 days of DCEN respectively. EN-related readmissions accounted for 20.5% of 30-day readmissions and 16.7% of 90-day readmissions. Among EN-related readmissions, 44.6 % (33/74) documented enteral access device (EAD) issues, 40.5% (30/74) cited gastrointestinal symptoms the team attributed to EN, and 14.9% (11/74) attributed sodium imbalance. The EN plan was changed in 97.3% (72/74) of EN-related readmissions and 32.3% (119/368) of EN-unrelated admissions. 52.0% of 90-day readmissions were within 90 days of initiating EN. CONCLUSION More than 20% of patients discharged with EN have readmissions related to EN, many within 90 days of initiating EN. Quality improvement interventions targeting post-discharge care to address these causes may decrease hospital readmissions in this high-risk and medically complex population of patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. CLINICAL RELEVANCY STATEMENT A recent study confirmed that patients discharged with enteral nutrition are noted to have increased hospital readmissions. In this study evaluating for the causes of readmission, we found that more than 20% of 30-day readmissions were related to enteral nutrition, and the three most common causes, accounting for nearly 95% of those readmissions, were GI symptoms of intolerance, issues with the EAD, and sodium imbalance attributed address these causes may decrease hospital readmissions in this high-risk and medically complex population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivan J Mehta
- Penn Medicine Center for Health Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher K Snider
- Penn Medicine Center for Health Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Afshin Parsikia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lauren Hudson
- Penn Center for Nutritional Science and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Clinical Nutrition Support Service, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charlene Compher
- Penn Center for Nutritional Science and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Clinical Nutrition Support Service, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James D Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gary D Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Penn Center for Nutritional Science and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Siddiqui MT, Al-Yaman W, Singh A, Kirby DF. Short-Bowel Syndrome: Epidemiology, Hospitalization Trends, In-Hospital Mortality, and Healthcare Utilization. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 45:1441-1455. [PMID: 33233017 PMCID: PMC9254738 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Short-bowel syndrome (SBS) is a common cause of chronic intestinal failure and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, poor quality of life, and an increased burden on healthcare costs. METHODS We used the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2005 to 2014. We identified adult SBS hospitalizations by using a combination of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. We studied the demographics of the patients with SBS and analyzed the trends in the number of hospitalizations, in-hospital mortality, and healthcare costs. We also identified the risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. RESULTS A total of 53,040 SBS hospitalizations were identified. We found that SBS-related hospitalizations increased by 55% between 2005 (N = 4037) and 2014 (N = 6265). During this period, the in-hospital mortality decreased from 40 per 1000 to 29 per 1000 hospitalizations, resulting in an overall reduction of 27%. Higher mortality was noted in SBS patients with sepsis (6.7%), liver dysfunction (6.2%), severe malnutrition (6.0%), and metastatic cancer (5.4%). The overall mean length of stay (LOS) for SBS-related hospitalizations was 14.7 days, with a mean hospital cost of $34,130. We noted a steady decrease in the LOS, whereas the cost of care remained relatively stable. CONCLUSIONS The national burden of SBS-related hospitalizations continues to rise, and the mortality associated with SBS has substantially decreased. Older SBS patients with sepsis, liver dysfunction, severe malnutrition, and metastatic cancer had the highest risk of mortality. Healthcare utilization in SBS remains high. healthcare utilization; hospitalization trend; mortality; research and diseases; short-bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tausif Siddiqui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Center for Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wael Al-Yaman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Center for Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Center for Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Donald F Kirby
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Center for Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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State-of-the-art colorectal disease: conservative surgical management of intestinal failure in adults. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:1597-1607. [PMID: 33629118 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-03863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal failure (IF) is defined by the reduction of gut function under the minimum necessary for adequate absorption of macronutrients and/or electrolytes, requiring home parenteral nutrition (HPN) to maintain health and/or growth. Among the different causes of IF, short bowel syndrome (SBS) is one of the main causes of IF in adults. Management of IF and SBS is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. The aim of this study was to review the place and the modalities of conservative surgical procedures performed for IF in adults. RESULTS-CONCLUSION HPN has drastically modified the poor prognosis of these patients, leading to an overall survival around 70-75% at 5 years in patients without cancer. However, HPN is associated with life-threatening long-term complications, including liver failure and catheter-related complications, main causes of deaths for these patients. Surgery can be proposed, in order to try to reduce SBS consequences with either conservative or non-conservative procedures. Simple bowel continuity restoration should be performed as often as possible in order to wean or at least to reduce HPN. Lengthening procedures are proposed to increase the absorption surface of the remnant bowel. These procedures can be only performed on a dilated small bowel. The slowing transit time procedure is represented by segmental reversal of the small bowel. Intestinal transplantation is the last surgical option for patients with IF but is still today associated with high mortality and failure rates. Thus, conservative procedures have a major role in the surgical armentarium for patients with IF.
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Cost-effectiveness of Intestinal Transplantation Compared to Parenteral Nutrition in Adults. Transplantation 2021; 105:897-904. [PMID: 32453254 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal transplantation (ITx) is the most expensive abdominal organ transplant. Detailed studies about exact costs and cost-effectiveness compared to home parenteral nutrition (HPN) therapy in chronic intestinal failure are lacking. The aim is to provide an in-depth analysis of ITx costs and evaluate cost-effectiveness compared to HPN. METHODS To calculate costs before and after ITx, costs were analyzed in 12 adult patients. To calculate the costs of patients with uncomplicated chronic intestinal failure, 28 adults, stable HPN patients were studied. Total costs including surgery, admissions, diagnostics, HPN therapy, medication, and ambulatory care were included. Median (range) costs are given. RESULTS Costs before ITx were €69 160 (€60 682-90 891) in year 2, and €104 146 (€83 854-186 412) in year 1. After ITx, costs were €172 133 (€122 483-351 407) in the 1st year, €40 619 (€3905-113 154) in the 2nd year, and dropped to €15 743 (€4408-138 906) in the 3rd year. In stable HPN patients, the costs were €83 402 (€35 364-169 146) in the 1st year, €70 945 (€31 955-117 913) in the 2nd year, and stabilized to €60 242 (€29 161-238 136) in the 3rd year. CONCLUSIONS ITx, although initially very expensive, is cost-effective compared to HPN in adults by year 4, and cost-saving by year 5.
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22
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The effect of pre-resection obesity on post-resection body composition after 75% small bowel resection in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13009. [PMID: 34155300 PMCID: PMC8217239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with short bowel syndrome, an elevated pre-resection Body Mass Index may be protective of post-resection body composition. We hypothesized that rats with diet-induced obesity would lose less lean body mass after undergoing massive small bowel resection compared to non-obese rats. Rats (CD IGS; age = 2 mo; N = 80) were randomly assigned to either a high-fat (obese rats) or a low-fat diet (non-obese rats), and fed ad lib for six months. Each diet group then was randomized to either underwent a 75% distal small bowel resection (massive resection) or small bowel transection with re-anastomosis (sham resection). All rats then were fed ad lib with an intermediate-fat diet (25% of total calories) for two months. Body weight and quantitative magnetic resonance-determined body composition were monitored. Preoperative body weight was 884 ± 95 versus 741 ± 75 g, and preoperative percent body fat was 35.8 ± 3.9 versus 24.9 ± 4.6%; high-fat vs. low fat diet, respectively (p < 0.0001); preoperative diet type had no effect on lean mass. Regarding total body weight, massive resection produced an 18% versus 5% decrease in high-fat versus low-fat rats respectively, while sham resection produced a 2% decrease vs. a 7% increase, respectively (p < 0.0001, preoperative vs. necropsy data). Sham resection had no effect on lean mass; after massive resection, both high-fat and low-fat rats lost lean mass, but these changes were not different between the latter two rat groups. The high-fat diet and low-fat diet induced obesity and marginal obesity, respectively. The massive resection produced greater weight loss in high-fat rats compared to low-fat rats. The type of dietary preconditioning had no effect on lean mass loss after massive resection. A protective effect of pre-existing obesity on lean mass after massive intestinal resection was not demonstrated.
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Zorzetti N, D'Andrea V, Lauro A. Proteomic biomarkers in short bowel syndrome : are we ready to use them in clinical activity? Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:285-293. [PMID: 33910424 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1924063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a clinical condition that can affect childhood and adult patients. Biomarker research is expected to be a new frontier in the clinical application, helpful for patients and health-care systems.Areas covered: SBS is usually a consequence of a massive intestinal resection that leads to an intestinal failure because of the reduction of absorptive surface, bacterial overgrowth, and faster intestinal transit. This new condition requires a multidisciplinary expertise to achieve again digestive autonomy. Parental nutrition (PN) supports nutritional status in SBS patients while the new guidelines on intestinal transplantation confirm its strict indication only for patients at actual risk of death on PN. A PubMed literature review from the 1980s up to date was performed, highlighting proteomic biomarkers and growth factor therapies that have shown so far promising results in SBS patients.Expert opinion: Apart from a few specific biomarkers and growth factors, the discovery of specific molecular events is currently under investigation of the proteomic analysis and could potentially represent fundamental, future changes in prevention, diagnosis, therapeutic management, and experimental practices in SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Zorzetti
- Department of General Surgery, "Ospedale Civile Umberto I", Lugo, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Vito D'Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Lauro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Daoud DC, Cartagena EMS, Schwenger KJP, Somlaw N, Gramlich L, Whittaker S, Armstrong D, Jurewitsch B, Raman M, Duerksen DR, McHattie JD, Allard JP. Home parenteral nutrition in older vs younger patients: Clinical characteristics and outcomes. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 46:348-356. [PMID: 33811677 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a demographic shift toward older patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN), but data on clinical outcomes are limited. The objective of this study was to determine differences between older and younger HPN patients in regard to HPN indications, prescriptions, and outcomes over the first 2 years receiving HPN. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from HPN adult patients entered in the Canadian HPN Registry. New HPN patients enrolled between 2003 and 2017 and receiving HPN for at least 2 years were selected. Data included demographics, PN prescriptions, catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) over the past year, survival, and quality of life based on Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS). RESULTS Four hundred two patients were included: 184 patients were ≥60 years old, and 219 patients were between 18 and 59 years old. There were no differences in the main indications for HPN, body mass index (BMI), and PN prescriptions at baseline. At 2 years, younger patients received more energy from PN than older patients (27.9 vs 19.6 kcal/kg; P < .001), but BMI remained comparable. There were fewer CRBSIs in the older group (20% vs 36%, P = .0023), but 78% of younger patients remained alive vs 69% in the older group (P = .0401). In those alive, the proportion of patients continuing to receive HPN was comparable and the proportion of patients with a KPS ≥60. CONCLUSIONS Older HPN patients have similar clinical characteristics as younger patients but have fewer CRBSIs and higher 2-year mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Christina Daoud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena M S Cartagena
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine J P Schwenger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicha Somlaw
- Department of Medicine, The Thai Red Cross Society, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Leah Gramlich
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott Whittaker
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Armstrong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Jurewitsch
- Department of Pharmacy, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matreyi Raman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Donald R Duerksen
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Johane P Allard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mundi MS, Klek S, Martindale RG. Use of Lipids in Adult Patients Requiring Parenteral Nutrition in the Home Setting. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 44 Suppl 1:S39-S44. [PMID: 32049397 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that over 25,000 Americans receive home parenteral nutrition (HPN), mostly because of intestinal failure (IF). Although there is significant variability in the fluid and energy needs of patients receiving HPN, intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) are an essential part of the macronutrient composition, serving as an excellent source of non-protein energy, as well as supplying essential fatty acids. However, the long-term use of ILEs in particular may be associated with some detrimental health effects, such as intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD). Although there is lack of unifying diagnosis, IFALD can present as cholestasis, steatosis, or fibrosis, with a prevalence that ranges between 5% and 43%. The development of IFALD tends to be multifactorial. Risk factors of IFALD can include those related to IF, inflammation/infection, and long-term parenteral nutrition. Some studies have shown a link between development of IFALD and ILE dose, especially if the dose is >1 g/kg/d, with high ω-6:ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio and phytosterol content being theorized as some contributing factors. Thus, efforts have been made to use alternative oils (olive oil, medium-chain triglycerides, and fish oil) to reduce the soybean-oil content of ILE, which tends to be high in ω-6 PUFA and phytosterols. Although additional long-term clinical data are emerging, this strategy, as reviewed in the current manuscript, has shown to provide some benefit in both prevention and treatment of IFALD and other sequelae of HPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet S Mundi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stanislaw Klek
- Department of General and Oncology Surgery with Intestinal Failure Unit, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland
| | - Robert G Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Diamanti A, Calvitti G, Martinelli D, Santariga E, Capriati T, Bolasco G, Iughetti L, Pujia A, Knafelz D, Maggiore G. Etiology and Management of Pediatric Intestinal Failure: Focus on the Non-Digestive Causes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030786. [PMID: 33673586 PMCID: PMC7997222 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intestinal failure (IF) is defined as reduction in functioning gut mass below the minimal amount necessary for adequate digestion and absorption. In most cases, IF results from intrinsic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (digestive IF) (DIF); few cases arise from digestive vascular components, gut annexed (liver and pancreas) and extra-digestive organs or from systemic diseases (non-digestive IF) (NDIF). The present review revised etiology and treatments of DIF and NDIF, with special focus on the pathophysiological mechanisms, whereby NDIF develops. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of published literature from January 2010 to the present by selecting the following search strings: “intestinal failure” OR “home parenteral nutrition” OR “short bowel syndrome” OR “chronic pseudo-obstruction” OR “chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction” OR “autoimmune enteropathy” OR “long-term parenteral nutrition”. Results: We collected overall 1656 patients with well-documented etiology of IF: 1419 with DIF (86%) and 237 with NDIF (14%), 55% males and 45% females. Among DIF cases, 66% had SBS and among NDIF cases 90% had malabsorption/maldigestion. Conclusions: The improved availability of diagnostic and therapeutic tools has increased prevalence and life expectancy of rare and severe diseases responsible for IF. The present review greatly expands the spectrum of knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms through which the diseases not strictly affecting the intestine can cause IF. In view of the rarity of the majority of pediatric IF diseases, the development of IF Registries is strongly required; in fact, through information flow within the network, the Registries could improve IF knowledge and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Diamanti
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, “Bambino Gesù” Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (T.C.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0668592189
| | - Giacomo Calvitti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (G.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, “Bambino Gesù” Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emma Santariga
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Teresa Capriati
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, “Bambino Gesù” Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (T.C.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (G.M.)
| | - Giulia Bolasco
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, “Bambino Gesù” Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (T.C.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (G.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (G.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Knafelz
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, “Bambino Gesù” Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (T.C.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Maggiore
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, “Bambino Gesù” Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (T.C.); (G.B.); (D.K.); (G.M.)
- Medical Sciences Department Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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You Q, Li X, Ma Y, Shi L, Hu W. A retrospective analysis on epidemiological characteristics of home enteral nutrition: results from a Chinese tertiary hospital in 2018. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:473-479. [PMID: 32939039 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of home enteral nutrition (HEN) has increased enormously. HEN has been shown to decrease length of stays, improve clinical outcomes, and increase quality of life. Literature on HEN epidemiology has also sprouted recently. Nevertheless, studies on Chinese HEN users are hardly seen. The objective of this study was thus to describe the epidemiological characteristics of HEN users from a Chinese tertiary hospital in 2018. METHODS Data were retrospectively analyzed using the personal patient profiles we created upon each HEN initiation. In the year of 2018, 2007 patients and a cumulative total of 3375 episodes were recorded. RESULTS The median age was 61 (IQR 46-75) years, and 63 (IQR 49-75) for males and 55 (IQR 43-72) for females. The most frequent indication for HEN implementation was oncological diseases (35.8%), followed by digestive diseases (13.4%), and neurological diseases (9.0%). Overall, 90.0% of the episodes were prescribed for oral nutrition supplement (ONS) and 9.5% for tube feeding (TF). Majority (70.8%) of the episodes comprised standard commercial formula. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed some fundamental epidemiological characteristics of Chinese HEN patients. This preliminary single-center study has multiple limitations but still possesses revelatory and referential significance for other Chinese practitioners in the field of HEN. In future, multicenter studies and qualified HEN registries are widely needed in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian You
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Ma
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zain M, Abdelkader M, Azab A, Kotb M. Congenital short bowel syndrome: a rare cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520954726. [PMID: 32951488 PMCID: PMC7509730 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520954726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital short bowel syndrome (CSBS) is an uncommon gastrointestinal disorder in which an unclear aetiology causes considerable intrauterine reduction in small bowel length. As a result of reduced absorptive intestinal length, chronic diarrhoea, vomiting, and consequently, failure to thrive are likely. We report a case of CSBS in a 26-day-old girl who had malrotation and a short bowel with a length of bowel from the pylorus to the ileocecal junction of approximately 40 cm. The patient underwent Ladd's procedure, but she is still dependent on parenteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Zain
- Pediatric Surgery, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Azab
- Pediatric Surgery, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Kotb
- Pediatric Surgery, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
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29
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Folwarski M, Kłęk S, Zoubek-Wójcik A, Szafrański W, Bartoszewska L, Figuła K, Jakubczyk M, Jurczuk A, Kamocki Z, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Kowalczyk T, Kwella B, Matras P, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Sonsala-Wołczyk J, Szopiński J, Urbanowicz K, Zmarzły A. Home Enteral Nutrition in Adults-Nationwide Multicenter Survey. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072087. [PMID: 32674453 PMCID: PMC7400937 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Home enteral nutrition (HEN) is an important part of the health care system, with a growing population of patients around the world. The aim of our study was to analyze one of the largest cohorts of HEN patients to provide the most recent data available in European literature. A multicenter, nation-wide survey in the period of 1 January 2018–1 January 2019 was performed in Poland. Data concerning adult patients on HEN in 2018 during 1 year of observation time were analyzed: demographic characteristics, primary disease, technique of enteral feeding, diet formulation and amount of energy provided. A total of 4586 HEN patients (F: 46.7%, M: 53.3%) were included in the study. The primary diseases were: 54.5% neurological (17.4%—neurovascular, 13.7%—neurodegenerative), 33.9% cancer (20.2%—head and neck, 11.7%—gastrointestinal cancer), 2.5%—gastroenterology, 1.5%—inherited diseases. Of new registrations in 2018—cancer patients 46.3%, neurological patients 45.1%. The median age overall was: 64 yr., BMI-20.2 kg/m2, NRS 2002 score—4.28. A total of 65% of patients were treated with PEG, 11.6% with surgical gastrostomy, 14.3% with naso-gastric tube and 7% with jejunostomy. Boluses were the most common method of feeding (74.4%). Gravity flow was used in 17.6% and peristaltic pump was used in 8% patients. The median energy provision was 1278 kcal/day and 24 kcal/kg/day. The most commonly used diets were: isocaloric (28.1%), protein-enriched isocaloric (20%) and protein-enriched hypercaloric (12%). The median overall duration of HEN was 354 days, 615 days for neurological and 209 days for cancer patients. A number of new registrations of cancer patients was significant and long duration of HEN in this group is encouraging. A developing spectrum of enteral formulas available enables more specified nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Folwarski
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0048-58-349-27-23
| | - Stanisław Kłęk
- General Surgery Unit with Intestinal Failure Center, Stanley Dudrick’s Memorial Hospital, 32-050 Skawina, Poland;
| | | | - Waldemar Szafrański
- Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Unit, General Surgery Department, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, 80-803 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Lidia Bartoszewska
- First Department General and Transplant Surgery and Clinical Nutrition Medical University of Lublin, Home Enteral and Parental Nutrition Unit SPSK4, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (L.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Krzysztof Figuła
- Nutricare Clinical Nutrition Center, 31-559 Krakow, Poland; (K.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Marlena Jakubczyk
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Torun, Poland;
| | - Anna Jurczuk
- Outpatient Clinic of Nutritional Therapy Clinical Hospital, 15-001 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Kamocki
- 2nd Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery Medical University, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | | | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Nutricare Clinical Nutrition Center, 31-559 Krakow, Poland; (K.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Bogna Kwella
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Provincial Specialist Hospital, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (K.U.)
| | - Przemysław Matras
- First Department General and Transplant Surgery and Clinical Nutrition Medical University of Lublin, Home Enteral and Parental Nutrition Unit SPSK4, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (L.B.); (P.M.)
| | | | - Joanna Sonsala-Wołczyk
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Gromkowski Citi Hospital, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.-W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Jacek Szopiński
- Department of General Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Urbanowicz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Provincial Specialist Hospital, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (K.U.)
| | - Anna Zmarzły
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Gromkowski Citi Hospital, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.-W.); (A.Z.)
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Zittan E, Gralnek IM, Hatoum OA, Sakran N, Kolonimos N. Preoperative Exclusive Total Parental Nutrition is Associated with Clinical and Laboratory Remission in Severe Active Crohn's Disease-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051244. [PMID: 32353942 PMCID: PMC7281989 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of 1-3 months of preoperative exclusive total parental nutrition (TPN) in active Crohn's disease (CD) patients is not well established. We investigated the efficacy of exclusive TPN in active CD patients. METHODS In a retrospective multi-visit study with data according to our standard care therapy, we assessed clinical and laboratory remission to refractory CD with exclusive preoperative TPN. Inclusion required exclusive preoperative home TPN without additional oral intake for 1-3 months prior to planning surgery. RESULTS Twenty preoperative CD patients (65% male; 35% female) were on exclusive TPN. The mean age of the cohort was 30.8 ± 11.6 years. Mean duration of preoperative TPN treatment was 73 days (range: 24-142 days). Most patients had terminal ileal (35%) or ileocolonic CD (30%), and with stricturing (B2) phenotype. All 20 patients had significant clinical improvement in all disease activity indices at the end of preoperative TPN (baseline vs. post TPN): HBI 14.5 vs. 4.0 (p = 0.001); BMI 19.2 vs. 19.7 kg/m2 (p = 0.017); CRP 57.2 vs. 10.3 mg/L (p = 0.001); Fecal calprotectin (FC) 672 vs. 200 (μg/g); albumin 2.7 vs. 3.6 g/dL (p = 0.001). Two patients (10%) no longer required surgery after completion of exclusive TPN. CONCLUSION Exclusive preoperative TPN was found to provide significant improvement in nutritional status, and clinical and laboratory remission in severe active Crohn's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Zittan
- Ellen and Pinchas Mamber Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases and the Center for IBD, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (I.M.G.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ian M. Gralnek
- Ellen and Pinchas Mamber Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases and the Center for IBD, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (I.M.G.); (N.K.)
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (O.A.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Ossama A. Hatoum
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (O.A.H.); (N.S.)
- Department of Surgery B, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel
| | - Nasser Sakran
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (O.A.H.); (N.S.)
- Department of Surgery A, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel
| | - Nitzan Kolonimos
- Ellen and Pinchas Mamber Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases and the Center for IBD, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel; (I.M.G.); (N.K.)
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32
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Home parenteral nutrition provision modalities for chronic intestinal failure in adult patients: An international survey. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:585-591. [PMID: 30992207 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pellino G, Keller DS, Sampietro GM, Annese V, Carvello M, Celentano V, Coco C, Colombo F, Cracco N, Di Candido F, Franceschi M, Laureti S, Mattioli G, Pio L, Sciaudone G, Sica G, Villanacci V, Zinicola R, Leone S, Danese S, Spinelli A, Delaini G, Selvaggi F. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) position statement of the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR): general principles of IBD management. Tech Coloproctol 2020; 24:105-126. [PMID: 31983044 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-019-02145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR) promoted the project reported here, which consists of a Position Statement of Italian colorectal surgeons to address the surgical aspects of inflammatory bowel disease management. Members of the society were invited to express their opinions on several items proposed by the writing committee, based on evidence available in the literature. The results are presented, focusing on relevant points. The present paper is not an alternative to available guidelines; rather, it offers a snapshot of the attitudes of SICCR surgeons about the general principles of surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The committee was able to identify some points of major disagreement and suggested strategies to improve quality of available data and acceptance of guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pellino
- Colorectal Surgery, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Policlinico CS, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - D S Keller
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | | | - V Annese
- Gastroenterology Unit, DEA-Medicina E Chirurgia Generale E D'Urgenza, University Hospital Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - M Carvello
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - V Celentano
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - C Coco
- UOC Chirurgia Generale 2, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F Colombo
- L. Sacco University Hospital Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - N Cracco
- Department of General Surgery, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - F Di Candido
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Franceschi
- IBD Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Laureti
- Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Mattioli
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, and Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Pio
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hôpital Robert-Debré and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - G Sciaudone
- Colorectal Surgery, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Policlinico CS, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - G Sica
- Minimally Invasive and Gastro-Intestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - V Villanacci
- Institute of Pathology, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Zinicola
- Department of Emergency Surgery, University Hospital Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Leone
- CEO, Associazione Nazionale Per Le Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Dell'Intestino "A.M.I.C.I. Onlus", Milan, Italy
| | - S Danese
- Division of Gastroenterology, IBD Center, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Spinelli
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Delaini
- Department of Surgery, "Pederzoli" Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - F Selvaggi
- Colorectal Surgery, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Policlinico CS, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
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Fuglsang KA, Brandt CF, Scheike T, Jeppesen PB. Differences in methodology impact estimates of survival and dependence on home parenteral support of patients with nonmalignant short bowel syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:161-169. [PMID: 31562502 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with intestinal failure (IF), who are receiving home parenteral support (HPS), variations between centers in estimates of survival and HPS dependency often reflect differences in population characteristics. However, variations in methodology and adherence to model assumptions may further contribute. OBJECTIVES We investigated how differences in methodology affect estimates of outcomes in IF patients. METHODS We applied different model assumptions and statistical methods to real-life outcome data from a well-characterized cohort of nonmalignant short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients. This retrospective study was based on extracts from the Copenhagen IF database and from the Danish death registry. RESULTS Estimates of mortality varied substantially, depending on the study design and statistical method. The 5-y mortality rate obtained with the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method was estimated to be 10.1% higher if patients were only followed during HPS treatment, compared with follow-up regardless of HPS treatment. The 5-y cumulative incidence of weaning off HPS was overestimated by 4.4% when inappropriately using the KM method, instead of the cumulative incidence function. The 5-y survival rates in nonmalignant SBS-IF patients who initiated HPS were 89.1% for those aged younger than 40 y, 74.8% for patients aged 40-60 y, and 52.1% for those older than 60 y. A Cox regression analysis identified age and diagnoses other than inflammatory bowel disease as significant risk factors for mortality. For HPS dependency, bowel anatomy was significantly associated with the ability to wean off, and no patients without a colon and less than 100 cm remnant of the small bowel remained continuously weaned off and alive for one year. CONCLUSIONS The large variations in outcomes illustrated in this study emphasize the importance of the appropriate selection of statistical methods. A comparison between studies is problematic, due to differences in the methods employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Asp Fuglsang
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Scheike
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle Bekker Jeppesen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mundi M, Narasimhan R, Patel J, Velapati S, Elfadil O, Hurt R. The use of calorically dense enteral formulas in adult home enteral nutrition population in a tertiary care center: A retrospective analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ijam.ijam_92_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Andolina JM, Metzger LC, Bishop J. The Oley Foundation and Consumer Support Groups. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2019; 48:625-635. [PMID: 31668187 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Patients with intestinal failure (IF) often require home parenteral and/or enteral nutrition (HPEN). There are many complications associated with both IF and the use of HPEN, including infection and intolerance. Psychosocial effects, such as depression, isolation, fatigue, anxiety, financial stress, are also associated with IF and HPEN and can be difficult to address. Support groups offer patients and caregivers the opportunity to talk to and learn from others who have had similar experiences. The Oley Foundation, a nonprofit organization for HPEN consumers, caregivers, and clinicians, fulfills the role of a traditional support group while offering many other resources and programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Andolina
- The Oley Foundation, Albany Medical Center, MC 28, 99 Delaware Avenue, Delmar, NY 12054, USA
| | - Lisa Crosby Metzger
- The Oley Foundation, Albany Medical Center, MC 28, 99 Delaware Avenue, Delmar, NY 12054, USA
| | - Joan Bishop
- The Oley Foundation, Albany Medical Center, MC 28, 99 Delaware Avenue, Delmar, NY 12054, USA.
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Lescut D, Bouteloup C, Danel N, Dauchet L, De Luca A, Delarue J, Hasselmann M, Jesus P, Fayemendy P, Pham S, Piton G, Raynard B, Turquet A, Gower C, Hennequin V. Épidémiologie de la nutrition entérale à domicile chez l’adulte en France. NUTR CLIN METAB 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Home Enteral Nutrition in Singapore's Long-Term Care Homes-Incidence, Prevalence, Cost, and Staffing. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102492. [PMID: 31627289 PMCID: PMC6835490 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Data on home enteral nutrition (HEN) in long-term care facilities (LTCF) in Singapore is scarce. This study aims to determine the prevalence and incidence of chewing/swallowing impairment and HEN, and the manpower and costs related. Methods: A validated cross-sectional survey was sent to all 69 LTCFs in Singapore in May 2019. Local costs (S$) for manpower and feeds were used to tabulate the cost of HEN. Results: Nine LTCFs (13.0%) responded, with a combined 1879 beds and 240 residents on HEN. An incidence rate (IR) of 15.7 per 1000 people-years (PY) and a point prevalence (PP) of 136.6 per 1000 residents were determined for HEN, and an IR of 433.0 per 1000 PY, with PP of 385.6 per 1000 residents for chewing/swallowing impairment. Only 2.5% of residents had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). The mean length of residence in LTCF was 45.9 ± 12.3 months. More than half of the residents received nasogastric tube feeding (NGT) for ≥36 months. Median monthly HEN cost per resident was S$799.47 (interquartile range (IQR): 692.11, 940.30). Nursing costs for feeding contributed to 63% of total HEN costs. Conclusions: The high usage and length of time on NGT feeding warrants exploration and education of PEG usage. A national HEN database may improve the care of LTCF residents.
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Abstract
The ability to provide parenteral support represents a revolutionary change in medical therapy for patients with temporary and inadequate intestinal absorptive capacity or for patients with chronic intestinal failure due to digestive diseases. Nevertheless, due to the rarity of intestinal failure, a de facto policy of "discrimination by organ failure treatment" exists in many countries whereby this problem is under-recognized and under-treated. With the increasing recognition of the pathophysiological consequences of intestinal resection and the occurrence of new pro-adaptive treatments for patients suffering from short bowel syndrome, this review reflects on the history of developments in this area and discusses current practice and future directions of the field.
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40
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Jiang W, Zhang J, Lv X, Geng Q, Xu X, Tang W. Home enteral nutrition for infants after gastrointestinal surgery. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 32:29-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Canovai E, Ceulemans LJ, Peers G, De Pourcq L, Pijpops M, De Hertogh G, Hiele M, Pirenne J, Vanuytsel T. Cost analysis of chronic intestinal failure. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:1729-1736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pohju A, Pakarinen MP, Sipponen T. Fragmented management of long-term parenteral support for adult intestinal failure in Finland. Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:414-418. [PMID: 30915863 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1588370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Parenteral support (PS) is the first-line therapy for intestinal failure (IF). Optimal patient outcomes require experienced multidisciplinary teams adhering to structured protocols. As practices to provide long-term PS for adult IF patients in Finland are unknown, this cross-sectional nationwide study aimed to evaluate current management of PS for adult IF across the country. Materials and methods: An internet-based survey was emailed to all Finnish hospitals and hospital-at-home services with the potential to provide PS for adult IF. The survey included 20 items addressing the provision of long-term PS for adult IF patients (aged ≥18 years). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Overall, 52 (47%) of the 111 identified units responded. Of responding units, 38 (73%) had at some point provided long-term (≥120 days) PS for adult IF, and 23 (44%) had done so during the preceding year. Only three units currently managed ≥3 adult patients. Most (65%) of the respondents worked in a hospital and were either physicians (38%) or dietitians (39%). Only 65% of respondents reported that their unit had an assigned physician responsible for PS provision, and 28% reported that a team was responsible for long-term PS. Only 26% of respondents reported having a written protocol to guide PS management. Conclusions: Health care providers with very limited experience and a fragmented approach manage most Finnish adult IF patients. Evidence-based protocols and multidisciplinary teams are scarce. The care for adult IF patients on long-term PS needs to be improved in Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pohju
- a Clinical Nutrition Unit, Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Mikko P Pakarinen
- b Section of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group , Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Taina Sipponen
- c Department of Gastroenterology , Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
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Epp LM, Salonen BR, Hurt RT, Mundi MS. Cross‐sectional Evaluation of Home Enteral Nutrition Practice in the United States in the Context of the New Enteral Connectors. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 43:1020-1027. [DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Epp
- Division of Endocrinology, DiabetesMetabolism and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Bradley R. Salonen
- Division of General Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Ryan T. Hurt
- Division of Endocrinology, DiabetesMetabolism and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionUniversity of Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Manpreet S. Mundi
- Division of Endocrinology, DiabetesMetabolism and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
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Schoeler M, Klag T, Wendler J, Bernhard S, Adolph M, Kirschniak A, Goetz M, Malek N, Wehkamp J. GLP-2 analog teduglutide significantly reduces need for parenteral nutrition and stool frequency in a real-life setting. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018; 11:1756284818793343. [PMID: 30364471 PMCID: PMC6196620 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818793343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the benefits of teduglutide in a real-life setting, we analyzed the data of 14 patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide. Additionally, we studied glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) receptor expression in samples of small intestinal and colonic tissue to provide explanations for clinical observations. METHODS Stool frequency and consistency, sensation of thirst, parental calorie or fluid uptake and the number of days on parenteral support per week were collected for up to 2 years. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of the GLP-2 receptor in healthy controls was performed to better understand clinical response in different patient subgroups. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in parenteral support after 24 and 48 weeks (by 11.0 and 36.6%, respectively; p < 0.05). Further major improvements were made in several patients after over 1 year (reduction by 79.3%, p < 0.05). The proportion of patients who reduced parenteral support by at least 20% was 33.3%, 54.5% and 71.3% after 24 weeks, 48 weeks and beyond 1 year, respectively. Patients on daily parenteral support showed late but strong amelioration. The reduction of thirst was the earliest marker for response. While stool consistency increased (p < 0.01), stool frequency decreased (p < 0.05) significantly after 12 weeks. This reduction was even more pronounced in patients with colon in continuity. Supporting these clinical observations, we found a stronger physiological expression of the GLP-2 receptor in the colon than in the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS Patients benefit from teduglutide in a real-life setting, but in contrast to randomized, controlled studies reduction of parenteral support took longer. We identified early clinical markers of response, such as stool consistency and frequency as well as sensation of thirst. Clinical and molecular observations support the role of the colon as an important target organ of teduglutide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Schoeler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klag
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Judith Wendler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Bernhard
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Adolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Goetz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nisar Malek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Sowerbutts AM, Lal S, Sremanakova J, Clamp A, Todd C, Jayson GC, Teubner A, Raftery A, Sutton EJ, Hardy L, Burden S. Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 8:CD012812. [PMID: 30095168 PMCID: PMC6513201 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012812.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with advanced ovarian or gastrointestinal cancer may develop malignant bowel obstruction (MBO). They are able to tolerate limited, if any, oral or enteral (via a tube directly into the gut) nutrition. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the provision of macronutrients, micronutrients, electrolytes and fluid infused as an intravenous solution and provides a method for these people to receive nutrients. There are clinical and ethical arguments for and against the administration of PN to people receiving palliative care. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in improving survival and quality of life in people with inoperable MBO. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following electronic databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2018, Issue 1), MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), BNI, CINAHL, Web of Science and NHS Economic Evaluation and Health Technology Assessment up to January 2018, ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov/) and in the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal (http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/). In addition, we handsearched included studies and used the 'Similar articles' feature on PubMed for included articles. SELECTION CRITERIA We included any studies with more than five participants investigating HPN in people over 16 years of age with inoperable MBO. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We extracted the data and assessed risk of bias for each study. We entered data into Review Manager 5 and used GRADEpro to assess the quality of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included 13 studies with a total of 721 participants in the review. The studies were observational, 12 studies had only one relevant treatment arm and no control and for the one study with a control arm, very few details were given. The risk of bias was high and the certainty of evidence was graded as very low for all outcomes. Due to heterogeneity of data, meta-analysis was not performed and therefore the data were synthesised via a narrative summary.The evidence for benefit derived from PN was very low for survival and quality of life. All the studies measured overall survival and 636 (88%) of participants were deceased at the end of the study. However there were varying definitions of overall survival that yielded median survival intervals between 15 to 155 days (range three to 1278 days). Three studies used validated measures of quality of life. The results from assessment of quality of life were equivocal; one study reported improvements up until three months and two studies reported approximately similar numbers of participants with improvements and deterioration. Different quality of life scales were used in each of the studies and quality of life was measured at different time points. Due to the very low certainty of the evidence, we are very uncertain about the adverse events related to PN use. Adverse events were measured by nine studies and data for individual participants could be extracted from eight studies. This revealed that 32 of 260 (12%) patients developed a central venous catheter infection or were hospitalised because of complications related to PN. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We are very uncertain whether HPN improves survival or quality of life in people with MBO as the certainty of evidence was very low for both outcomes. As the evidence base is limited and at high risk of bias, further higher-quality prospective studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Sowerbutts
- The University of Manchester, and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreSchool of Health SciencesOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Simon Lal
- Salford Royal Foundation TrustIntestinal Failure UnitSalfordUKM6 8HD
| | - Jana Sremanakova
- The University of Manchester, and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreSchool of Health SciencesOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Andrew Clamp
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and University of ManchesterDivision of Cancer ServicesWilmslow RoadManchesterUKM20 4BX
| | - Chris Todd
- The University of Manchester, and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreSchool of Health SciencesOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Gordon C Jayson
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and University of ManchesterDivision of Cancer ServicesWilmslow RoadManchesterUKM20 4BX
| | - Antje Teubner
- Salford Royal Foundation TrustIntestinal Failure UnitSalfordUKM6 8HD
| | - Anne‐Marie Raftery
- The Christie NHS Foundation TrustSupportive/Palliative Care TeamWilmslow RoadManchesterUK
| | - Eileen J Sutton
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Lisa Hardy
- Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustDepartment of Nutrition & DieteticsWythenshawe HospitalManchesterUK
| | - Sorrel Burden
- The University of Manchester, and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreSchool of Health SciencesOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
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Home Enteral Nutrition: Towards a Standard of Care. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081020. [PMID: 30081546 PMCID: PMC6116140 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this overview is to make the case for the establishment and publication of standards for home enteral nutrition (HEN) therapy in adult patients who require a long-term alternative to oral feeding. Overviews can provide a broad and often comprehensive summation of a topic area and, as such, have value for those coming to a subject for the first time. It will provide a broad summation, background and rationale, review specific considerations unique to HEN (tubes, products and supplies) and we describe a recent audit of seven HEN programs which highlights tube and process related challenges. Based on the overview of the literature and our experience with the audit we propose a way forward for best home enteral nutrition care.
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Five-year survival and causes of death in patients on home parenteral nutrition for severe chronic and benign intestinal failure. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:1415-1422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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A Quality Improvement Initiative to Decrease Time to Antibiotics for Children with Intestinal Failure, Fever, and a Central Line. Pediatr Qual Saf 2018; 3:e090. [PMID: 30229201 PMCID: PMC6135554 DOI: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pediatric intestinal failure (IF) patients experience significant morbidity, including sepsis related to central line–associated bloodstream infections. Adult studies of sepsis demonstrate an association between time to antibiotic administration (TTA) and mortality. To overcome challenges in treating pediatric IF patients in an emergency department (ED), we appropriated an existing, reliable system for febrile immunocompromised oncology/bone marrow transplant children. We describe the translation of this process to febrile IF patients in the ED and steps toward sustained improvement. Methods: We formed a multidisciplinary team and used the Model for Improvement to define aims and identify key drivers. The goal was to use an existing improvement process to increase the percentage of patients with IF who receive antibiotics within 60 minutes of arrival to the ED from 46% to 90%. Key drivers included pre- and postarrival processes, staff and family engagement, and a preoccupation with failure. We performed Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles targeting family engagement, prearrival efficiency, and postarrival consistency. Results: Two hundred seventy-six encounters involving febrile IF patients between November 2012 and March 2017 were evaluated. There was a sustained reduction in the median time from arrival to antibiotic administration (71–45 minutes). We decreased TTA to less than 60 minutes for 77% of febrile IF patients. Conclusions: The basic tenets of process improvement for 1 high-risk population can be translated to another high-risk population but must be adjusted for variability in characteristics.
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Hawksworth JS, Desai CS, Khan KM, Kaufman SS, Yazigi N, Girlanda R, Kroemer A, Fishbein TM, Matsumoto CS. Visceral transplantation in patients with intestinal-failure associated liver disease: Evolving indications, graft selection, and outcomes. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:1312-1320. [PMID: 29498797 PMCID: PMC5992069 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal failure (IF)-associated liver disease (IFALD) is widely recognized as a lethal complication of long-term parenteral nutrition. The pathophysiology of IFALD is poorly understood but appears to be multifactorial and related to the inflammatory state in the patient with IF. Visceral transplant for IFALD includes variants of intestine, liver, or combined liver-intestine allografts. Graft selection for an individual patient depends on the etiology of IF, abdominal and vascular anatomy, severity of IFALD, and potential for intestinal rehabilitation. The past decade has witnessed dramatic improvement in the management of IFALD, principally due to improved lipid emulsion formulations and the multidisciplinary care of the patient with IF. As the recognition and treatment of IFALD continue to improve, the requirement of liver-inclusive visceral grafts appears to be decreasing, representing a paradigm shift in the care of the patient with IF. This review highlights the current indications, graft selection, and outcomes of visceral transplantation for IFALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Hawksworth
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC USA,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Organ Transplant Service, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Chirag S. Desai
- University of North Carolina, Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplant, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Khalid M. Khan
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Stuart S. Kaufman
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Nada Yazigi
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Raffaele Girlanda
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Alexander Kroemer
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Thomas M. Fishbein
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Cal S. Matsumoto
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Washington, DC USA
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50
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Tzvetanov IG, Tulla KA, D'Amico G, Benedetti E. Living Donor Intestinal Transplantation. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2018; 47:369-380. [PMID: 29735030 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Living donor intestinal transplantation (LDIT) has been improved leading to results comparable to those obtained with deceased donors. LDIT should be limited to specific indications and patient selection. The best indication is combined living donor intestinal/liver transplantation in pediatric recipients with intestinal and hepatic failure; the virtual elimination of waiting time may avoid the high mortality experienced by candidates on the deceased waiting list. Potentially, LDIT could be used in highly sensitized recipients to allow the application of de-sensitization protocols. In the case of available identical twins or HLA-identical sibling, LDIT has a significant immunologic advantage and should be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo G Tzvetanov
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Suite 402, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Kiara A Tulla
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Suite 402, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Giuseppe D'Amico
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Suite 402, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Enrico Benedetti
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Suite 402, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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