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Li L, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Xu C, Xu Z, Pei H, Wang W, Yao R, Hao C. Cytarabine prevents neuronal damage by enhancing AMPK to stimulate PINK1 / Parkin-involved mitophagy in Parkinson's disease model. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176743. [PMID: 38880222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder, which may be largely due to the mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy. Thus, it is of great importance to seek novel therapeutic strategies for PD targeting mitochondrial function and mitophagy. Cytarabine is a marine-derived antimetabolite used in the treatment of acute leukemia, which is also used in the study of the nervous system. In this study, we found that cytarabine pretreatment significantly inhibited the apoptosis and necrosis in the ROT-induced SH-SY5Y cell PD model and reduced the oxidative stress, as evidenced by the reduced MDA levels and the increased levels of SOD, GSH, and total antioxidant capacity. Cytarabine can also enhance mitochondrial vitality, improve mitochondrial respiratory function, and preserve mitochondrial morphology. Cytarabine also enhanced the expression of the mitophagy-related proteins PINK1, Parkin, VDAC1, and DJ-1, and its actions can be reversed by treatment with AMPK inhibitor - Compound C (CC), suggesting that AMPK activation may be involved in cytarabine-enhanced mitophagy. Furthermore, cytarabine can also ameliorate the motor symptoms in the MPTP-induced PD-like mice model, and attenuate the neuropathy in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD mice, while Compound C antagonized cytarabine's beneficial effects. In summary, marine-derived compound cytarabine could resist neurological damage both in vitro and in vivo by activating AMPK to increase PINK1/Parkin-induced mitophagy, serving as a promising disease modulator for treating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Li
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhengqian Chen
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Can Xu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhongqiu Xu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haitao Pei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Cui Hao
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Li L, Chen Z, Hao C. Neuroprotective effects of polyphyllin VI against rotenone-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Brain Res 2024; 1830:148824. [PMID: 38417654 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial body of evidence is drawing connections between Parkinson's disease (PD) and the phenomena of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Polyphyllin VI (PPVI), an active compound found in Rhizoma Paridis-commonly known as Chonglou (CL) in China, has been identified for its various pharmacological properties, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE In the present study, an in vitro model of PD was established by treating SH-SY5Y cells with rotenone (ROT), to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of polyphyllin VI and its underlying mechanism. METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were treated with ROT to establish an in vitro model of PD. The effects of polyphyllin VI on cell viability were assessed using the resazurin assay. Cell morphology was examined using a microscope. The YO-PRO-1/PI was used to detect apoptosis. Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos, Mito-Tracker Green, and JC-1 were used to detect the effects of polyphyllin Ⅵ on mitochondrial viability, morphology, and function. Oxidative stress-related marker detection kits were used to identify the effects of polyphyllin VI on oxidative stress. Western blot analysis was employed to investigate the signaling pathways associated with neuroprotection. RESULTS PPVI increased ROT-induced SH-SY5Y cell viability and improved ROT-induced cellular morphological changes. PPVI ameliorated ROT-induced oxidative stress status, and attenuated mitochondrial function and morphological changes. PPVI may exert neuroprotective effects through FOXO3α/CREB1/DJ-1-related signaling pathways. CONCLUSION These preliminary findings suggested that PPVI possesses neuroprotective attributes in vitro, and it may be a potential candidate for PD treatment. However, extensive research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms of PPVI and its effectiveness both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Li
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhengqian Chen
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Cui Hao
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Subramani C, Sharma G, Chaira T, Barman TK. High content screening strategies for large-scale compound libraries with a focus on high-containment viruses. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105764. [PMID: 38008193 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
A majority of viral diseases do not have FDA-approved drugs. The recent outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2, monkeypox, and Sudan ebolavirus have exposed the critical need for rapid screening and identification of antiviral compounds against emerging/re-emerging viral pathogens. A high-content screening (HCS) platform is becoming an essential part of the drug discovery process, thanks to developments in image acquisition and analysis. While HCS has several advantages, its full potential has not been realized in antiviral drug discovery compared to conventional drug screening approaches, such as fluorescence or luminescence-based microplate assays. Therefore, this review aims to summarize HCS workflow, strategies, and developments in image-based drug screening, focusing on high-containment viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandru Subramani
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ghanshyam Sharma
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Tridib Chaira
- Department of Pharmacology, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Tarani Kanta Barman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Li L, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Yao R, Xu Z, Xu C, He F, Pei H, Hao C. SIRT1-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis supports therapeutic effects of vidarabine against rotenone-induced neural cell injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21695. [PMID: 38027872 PMCID: PMC10643267 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, which is distinguished by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of intraneuronal. Numerous studies showed that the damage and dysfunction of mitochondria may play key roles in DA neuronal loss. Thus, it is necessary to seek therapeutic measures for PD targeting mitochondrial function and biogenesis. In this study, through screening the purchased compound library, we found that marine derived vidarabine had significant neuroprotective effects against rotenone (ROT) induced SH-SY5Y cell injury. Further studies indicated that vidarabine pretreatment significantly protected ROT-treated SH-SY5Y cells from toxicity by preserving mitochondrial morphology, improving mitochondrial function, and reducing cell apoptosis. Vidarabine also reduced the oxidative stress and increased the expression levels of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM proteins, which was accompanied by the increased mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the neuroprotective effects of vidarabine were counteracted in the presence of SIRT1-specific inhibitor Ex-527. Besides, vidarabine treatment attenuated the weight loss, alleviated the motor deficits and inhibited the neuronal injury in the MPTP induced mouse model. Thus, vidarabine may exert neuroprotective effects via a mechanism involving specific connections between the SIRT1-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and its antioxidant capacity, suggesting that vidarabine has potential to be developed into a novel therapeutic agent for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Li
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhengqian Chen
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qingdao Chengyang Guzhen Orthopaedic Hospital, Qingdao, 266107, China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhongqiu Xu
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Can Xu
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fujie He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haitao Pei
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Cui Hao
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Rosidi B, Priyatno D, Putra TP, Yusuf I. Metformin Induces a Caspase 3-Unrelated Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines HCT116 and SW620. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:475-485. [PMID: 37312884 PMCID: PMC10259592 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s385278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the effects of metformin on the proliferation and growth of human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620. Materials and Methods The antiproliferative effect of metformin was assayed using an MTS reagent and its ability to inhibit colony formation was demonstrated using a clonogenic assay. Flow cytometry using YO-PRO-1/PI was performed to examine the effects of metformin on apoptosis and cell death of HCT116 and SW620. Caspase 3 activities were measured in caspase-3 activity tests using a caspase-3 activity kit. Furthermore, Western blots were performed with anti-PARP1, anti-caspase 3, and anti-cleaved caspase 3 to confirm whether caspase activation was present or not. Results Both MTS proliferation assays and clonogenic assays showed that metformin inhibited the proliferation and growth of HCT116 and SW620 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis identified early apoptosis and metformin-induced cell death in both cell lines. However, caspase 3 activity could not be detected. Cleavage of both PARP1 and pro-caspase 3 was not observed in the Western blot, confirming the absence of caspase 3 activations. Conclusion This present study suggests a caspase 3-unrelated apoptosis mechanism of metformin-induced cell death in human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bustanur Rosidi
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Diana Priyatno
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Pribadi Putra
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Yusuf
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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Truong VB, Davis OS, Gracey J, Neal MS, Khokhar JY, Favetta LA. Sperm capacitation and transcripts levels are altered by in vitro THC exposure. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:6. [PMID: 36823609 PMCID: PMC9951432 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-023-00468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary phytocannabinoid responsible for the psychoactive properties of cannabis and is known to interact with the endocannabinoid system, which is functionally present in the male reproductive system. Since cannabis consumption is the highest among reproductive aged males, the current study aimed to further investigate the effects of THC exposure to phenotypical, physiological, and molecular parameters in sperm. Bull sperm of known fertility were used as a translational model for human sperm and subjected to in vitro treatment with physiologically relevant experimental doses of THC. Sperm parameters, capacitation, apoptosis, and transcript levels were evaluated following treatment. RESULTS Motility, morphology, and viability of bovine sperm was unaltered from THC exposure. However, 0.32µM of THC caused an increased proportion of capacitating sperm (p < 0.05) compared to control and vehicle group sperm. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 39 genes were found to be differentially expressed by 0.032µM THC exposure, 196 genes were differentially expressed by 0.32µM THC exposure, and 33 genes were differentially expressed by 3.2µM THC. Secondary analysis reveals pathways involving development, nucleosomes, ribosomes and translation, and cellular metabolism to be significantly enriched. CONCLUSION Phytocannabinoid exposure to sperm may adversely affect sperm function by stimulating premature capacitation. These findings also show for the first time that spermatozoal transcripts may be altered by THC exposure. These results add to previous research demonstrating the molecular effects of cannabinoids on sperm and warrant further research into the effects of cannabis on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien B. Truong
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Ola S. Davis
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Jade Gracey
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON Canada
| | | | - Jibran Y. Khokhar
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Laura A. Favetta
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON Canada
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Immunopathological Inflammation in the Evolution of Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415797. [PMID: 36555457 PMCID: PMC9779511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide an immuno-mediated substantiation of the etiopathogenesis of mucositis and peri-implantitis based on the results of experimental, laboratory and clinical studies. The biopsy material was studied to identify impregnated nanoscale and microscale particles in the structure of pathological tissues by using X-ray microtomography and X-ray fluorescence analyses. Electron microscopy with energy-dispersive analysis identified the composition of supernatants containing nanoscale metal particles obtained from the surfaces of dental implants. The parameters of the nanoscale particles were determined by dynamic light scattering. Flow cytometry was used to study the effect of nanoscale particles on the ability to induce the activation and apoptosis of immunocompetent cells depending on the particles' concentrations during cultivation with the monocytic cell line THP-1 with the addition of inductors. An analysis of the laboratory results suggested the presence of dose-dependent activation, as well as early and late apoptosis of the immunocompetent cells. Activation and early and late apoptosis of a monocytic cell line when THP-1 was co-cultured with nanoscale metal particles in supernatants were shown for the first time. When human venous blood plasma was added, both activation and early and late apoptosis had a dose-dependent effect and differed from those of the control groups.
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Antitumor Effect of Guatteria olivacea R. E. Fr. (Annonaceae) Leaf Essential Oil in Liver Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144407. [PMID: 35889279 PMCID: PMC9319081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Guatteria olivacea R. E. Fries (synonym Guatteria punctata (Aubl.) R.A. Howard) is a tree of 10–27 m tall popularly known as “envira-bobó”, “envira-fofa”, “envireira”, “embira”, “embira-branca”, “embira-preta”, envira-branca”, and “envira-preta”, which can be found in the Brazilian Amazon biome. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic and antitumor effects of the essential oil (EO) obtained from the leaves of G. olivacea against liver cancer using HepG2 cells as a model. EO was obtained using a hydrodistillation Clevenger-type apparatus and was qualitatively and quantitatively characterized using GC–MS and GC–FID, respectively. The alamar blue assay was used to assess the cytotoxic potential of EO in a panel of human cancer cell lines and human non-cancerous cells. In HepG2 cells treated with EO, YO-PRO-1/propidium iodide staining, cell cycle distribution, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. In C.B-17 SCID mice with HepG2 cell xenografts, the efficacy of the EO (20 and 40 mg/kg) was tested in vivo. GC–MS and GC–FID analyses showed germacrene D (17.65%), 1-epi-cubenol (13.21%), caryophyllene oxide (12.03%), spathulenol (11.26%), (E)-caryophyllene (7.26%), bicyclogermacrene (5.87%), and δ-elemene (4.95%) as the major constituents of G. olivacea leaf EO. In vitro cytotoxicity of EO was observed, including anti-liver cancer action with an IC50 value of 30.82 μg/mL for HepG2 cells. In HepG2 cells, EO treatment increased apoptotic cells and DNA fragmentation, without changes in ROS levels. Furthermore, the EO inhibited tumor mass in vivo by 32.8–57.9%. These findings suggest that G. olivacea leaf EO has anti-liver cancer potential.
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Elhage A, Turner RJ, Cuthbertson P, Watson D, Sluyter R. Preparation of the Murine Anti-Human P2X7 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody (Clone L4). METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2510:77-98. [PMID: 35776321 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2384-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The murine anti-human P2X7 receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone L4) has been used to study the expression and function of the P2X7 receptor on primary leukocytes, keratinocytes, osteoblasts and neuronal cells, as well as various cell lines. This antibody has also been used to characterize polymorphic variants and isoforms of the P2RX7 gene and P2X7 site-directed mutations, and to identify molecules coassociated with P2X7 in the plasma membrane. This chapter describes the maintenance and cryopreservation of the L4 hybridoma cell line, as well as the generation of tissue culture supernatant containing the anti-human P2X7 mAb, and its subsequent purification by Protein A chromatography and conjugation to DyLight™ 488. Moreover, this chapter describes flow cytometric assays to assess the blocking activity and binding of the anti-human P2X7 mAb against P2X7 on human RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Elhage
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ross J Turner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Cuthbertson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Debbie Watson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Santos SACS, Persechini PM, Henriques-Santos BM, Bello-Santos VG, Castro NG, Costa de Sousa J, Genta FA, Santiago MF, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB, Kurtenbach E. P2X7 Receptor Triggers Lysosomal Leakage Through Calcium Mobilization in a Mechanism Dependent on Pannexin-1 Hemichannels. Front Immunol 2022; 13:752105. [PMID: 35222364 PMCID: PMC8863609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.752105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a critical purinergic receptor in immune cells. Its activation was associated with cathepsin release into macrophage cytosol, suggesting its involvement in lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and leakage. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which P2X7 receptor activation induces LMP and leakage are unclear. This study investigated cellular mechanisms associated with endosomal and lysosomal leakage triggered by P2X7 receptor activation. We found that ATP at 500 μM and 5 mM (but not 50 μM) induced LMP in non-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. This effect was not observed in P2X7-deficient or A740003-pretreated macrophages. We found that the P2X7 receptor and pannexin-1 channels mediate calcium influx that might be important for activating specific ion channels (TRPM2 and two-pore channels) on the membranes of late endosomes and lysosomes leading to LMP leakage and consequent cathepsin release. These findings suggest the critical role of the P2X7 receptor in inflammatory and infectious diseases via lysosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Alexia Cristina Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Proteins, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Muanis Persechini
- Laboratory of Immuno-Biophysics, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Monteiro Henriques-Santos
- Laboratory of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IOC-FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victória Gabriela Bello-Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Newton G Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Júlia Costa de Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Proteins, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ariel Genta
- Laboratory of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IOC-FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Felippe Santiago
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Proteins, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Kurtenbach
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Proteins, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Perišić Nanut M, Žurga S, Konjar Š, Prunk M, Kos J, Sabotič J. The fungal Clitocybe nebularis lectin binds distinct cell surface glycoprotein receptors to induce cell death selectively in Jurkat cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22215. [PMID: 35224765 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101056rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clitocybe nebularis lectin (CNL) is a GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-binding lectin that exhibits an antiproliferative effect exclusively on the Jurkat leukemic T cell line by provoking homotypic aggregation and dose-dependent cell death. Cell death of Jurkat cells exhibited typical features of early apoptosis, but lacked the activation of initiating and executing caspases. None of the features of CNL-induced cell death were effectively blocked with the pan-caspase inhibitor or different cysteine peptidase inhibitors. Furthermore, CNL binding induced Jurkat cells to release the endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern molecule high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). A plant lectin with similar glycan-binding specificity, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) showed less selective toxicity and induced cell death in Jurkat, Tall-104, and Hut-87 cell lines. HMGB1 release was also detected when Jurkat cells were treated with WFA. We identified the CD45 and CD43 cell surface glycoproteins on Jurkat cells as the main targets for CNL binding. However, the blockade of CD45 phosphatase activity failed to block either CNL-induced homotypic agglutination or cell death. Overall, our results indicate that CNL triggers atypical cell death selectively on Jurkat cells, suggesting the potential applicability of CNL in novel strategies for treating and/or detecting acute T cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Žurga
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Konjar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Prunk
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hoogstraten CA, Smeitink JAM, Russel FGM, Schirris TJJ. Dissecting Drug-Induced Cytotoxicity and Metabolic Dysfunction in Conditionally Immortalized Human Proximal Tubule Cells. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:842396. [PMID: 35295229 PMCID: PMC8915871 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.842396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen to 26 percent of all hospitalized cases of acute kidney injury are explained by drug-induced toxicity, emphasizing the importance of proper strategies to pre-clinically assess renal toxicity. The MTT assay is widely used as a measure of cell viability, but largely depends on cellular metabolic activity. Consequently, MTT as a single assay may not be the best way to assess cytotoxicity of compounds that reduce mitochondrial function and cellular metabolic activity without directly affecting cell viability. Accordingly, we aim to highlight the limitations of MTT alone in assessing renal toxicity of compounds that interfere with metabolic activity. Therefore, we compared toxic effects observed by MTT with a fluorescent assay that determines compromised plasma membrane permeability. Exposure of proximal tubule epithelial cells to nephrotoxic compounds reduced cellular metabolic activity concentration- and time-dependently. We show that compared to our fluorescence-based approach, assessment of cellular metabolic activity by means of MTT provides a composite readout of cell death and metabolic impairment. An approach independent of cellular metabolism is thus preferable when assessing cytotoxicity of compounds that induce metabolic dysfunction. Moreover, combining both assays during drug development enables a first discrimination between compounds having a direct or indirect mitochondrial toxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A. Hoogstraten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jan A. M. Smeitink
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Khondrion BV, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frans G. M. Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Frans G. M. Russel, ; Tom J. J. Schirris,
| | - Tom J. J. Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Frans G. M. Russel, ; Tom J. J. Schirris,
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Ekelund O, Klokkhammer Hetland MA, Høyland Löhr I, Schön T, Somajo S. Rapid high-resolution detection of colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria using flow cytometry: a comparison with broth microdilution, a commercial screening test and WGS. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:3183-3191. [PMID: 34477846 PMCID: PMC8598304 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though both EUCAST and CLSI consider broth microdilution (BMD) as the reference method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of colistin, the method exhibits potential flaws related to properties of the colistin molecule. OBJECTIVES To develop a flow cytometry method (FCM) for colistin AST and to validate it against BMD, a commercial screening test and WGS. METHODS Colistin-mediated loss of membrane integrity in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. was detected with the fluorescent probe YoPro-1 by FCM. An international collection of 65 resistant and 109 susceptible isolates were analysed and the colistin concentration required to reach the EC50 was compared with the BMD MIC and the presence of genotypic resistance markers. RESULTS The overall FCM sensitivity and specificity for colistin resistance was 89% and 94%, with E. coli > K. pneumoniae > P. aeruginosa, whereas the performance for Acinetobacter spp. was poor. All tested E. coli were correctly categorized. Three K. pneumoniae isolates with genotypic findings consistent with colistin resistance were detected by FCM but not BMD. Compared with BMD, FCM delivered AST results with a 75% reduction of time. CONCLUSIONS Here, we present a rapid FCM-based AST assay for qualitative and quantitative testing of colistin resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The assay revealed probable chromosomal colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae that was not detected by BMD. If confirmed, these results question the reliability of BMD for colistin testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Ekelund
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Växjö Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Blekinge County Hospital, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Marit Andrea Klokkhammer Hetland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iren Høyland Löhr
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Thomas Schön
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, Linköping University, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, Sweden and Linköping University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Sofia Somajo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Blekinge County Hospital, Karlskrona, Sweden
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14
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Anti- Staphylococcus aureus Single-Chain Fragment Variables Play a Protective Anti-Inflammatory Role In Vitro and In Vivo. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111300. [PMID: 34835231 PMCID: PMC8618225 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a causative agent of bovine mastitis, capable of causing significant economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. This study focuses on obtaining single-chain fragment variables (scFvs) against the virulence factors of S. aureus and evaluates the protective effect of scFvs on bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells and mice mammary gland tissues infected by S. aureus. After five rounds of bio-panning, four scFvs targeting four virulence factors of S. aureus were obtained. The complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of these scFvs exhibited significant diversities, especially CDR3 of the VH domain. In vitro, each of scFvs was capable of inhibiting S. aureus growth and reducing the damage of MAC-T cells infected by S. aureus. Preincubation of MAC-T cells with scFvs could significantly attenuate the effect of apoptosis and necrosis compared with the negative control group. In vivo, the qPCR and ELISA results demonstrated that scFvs reduced the transcription and expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18. Histopathology and myeloperoxidase (MPO) results showed that scFvs ameliorated the histopathological damages and reduced the inflammatory cells infiltration. The overall results demonstrated the positive anti-inflammatory effect of scFvs, revealing the potential role of scFvs in the prevention and treatment of S. aureus infections.
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15
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Adil N, Ali H, Siddiqui AJ, Ali A, Ahmed A, El-Seedi HR, Musharraf SG. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of areca nut and its commercial products on normal human gingival fibroblast and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123872. [PMID: 33264944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of areca nut products is the most common cause of oral cancers, particularly in South Asian countries. This study evaluates the cytotoxic and necrotizing effects of areca nut and its formulations on normal human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, CAL-27) cell lines. Identification of various carcinogens and adulterants using LC-HR-ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed in the extracts of areca nut and its products. Apart from alkaloids and flavonoids, a major adulterant, saccharin was found in all the samples of chalia (one of the most common chewing products of areca nut) in the ranges between 1.697-7.170 mg/g of the sample. Cytotoxic studies showed that most of the areca nut products were found cytotoxic to HGF-1 cells while being relatively non-cytotoxic against CAL-27 cells, rather they promote the growth of cancer cells. Our findings revealed that the components of areca nut and its products were injurious to HGF-1 cells and caused necrosis, which may attenuate HGF-1 protection toward oral epithelial cells. Moreover, the non-cytotoxic effect of these products on cancer cell lines suggests further predisposal of the habitual chewers for developing oral carcinomas. This study will give a better understanding of the hazardous effects of areca nut products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurmeen Adil
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hamad Ali
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ali
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 591, Uppsala, SE-75 124, Sweden; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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16
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Dutot M, Olivier E, Fouyet S, Magny R, Hammad K, Roulland E, Rat P, Fagon R. In Vitro Chemopreventive Potential of Phlorotannins-Rich Extract from Brown Algae by Inhibition of Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced P2X7 Activation and Toxic Effects. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:34. [PMID: 33466689 PMCID: PMC7828825 DOI: 10.3390/md19010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are polyphenols occurring exclusively in some species of brown algae, known for numerous biological activities, e.g., antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and antiallergic properties. Their effects on the response of human lung cells to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) has not been characterized. Our objective was to in vitro evaluate the effects of a phlorotannin-rich extract obtained from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus on B[a]P cytotoxic effects. The A549 cell line was incubated with B[a]P for 48 and 72 h in the presence or absence of the brown algae extract. Cytochrome P450 activity, activation of P2X7 receptor, F-actin disorganization, and loss of E-cadherin expression were assessed using microplate cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Relative to control, incubation with the brown algae extract was associated with lower B[a]P-induced CYP1 activity, lower P2X7 receptor activation, and lower reactive oxygen species production. The brown algae extract inhibited the alterations of F-actin arrangement and the downregulation of E-cadherin expression. We identified a phlorotannins-rich extract that could be deeper investigated as a cancer chemopreventive agent to block B[a]P-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélody Dutot
- Recherche & Développement, Yslab, 29000 Quimper, France;
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Elodie Olivier
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Sophie Fouyet
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Romain Magny
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Karim Hammad
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Roulland
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Patrice Rat
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8038, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (E.O.); (S.F.); (R.M.); (K.H.); (E.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Roxane Fagon
- Recherche & Développement, Yslab, 29000 Quimper, France;
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Abstract
Ram spermatozoa are very sensitive to any cold shock or oxidative damage, therefore making them unsuitable for prolonged storage or distant transport to specialized laboratories for flow-cytometric analysis. The aim of this study was to stain ram semen samples with several fluorescent markers and analyse their stability during formaldehyde fixation. Briefly, freshly collected semen samples were stained for apoptosis (annexin V-FITC, YO-PRO™-1 and FLICA), acrosomal damage (PNA-AF488 and FITC-conjugated antibody against GAPDHS), mitochondrial activity (Mitotracker probes), oxidative damage [dihydroethidium (DHE) and CellROX™ Green] and cell viability (live/dead fixable viability dyes). Next, samples were fixed in buffer containing formaldehyde and then washed. Stained sample were analyzed using flow cytometer before fixation, immediately after fixation, and at 5 h and 20 h post-fixation. Fluorescent signals and the proportion of positively stained spermatozoa were compared statistically in fresh and post-fixed samples. All examined markers, except YO-PRO-1 (decreased significantly, P < 0.05), retained their fluorescence intensities after fixation. In conclusion, several tested markers were able to withstand formaldehyde fixation of ram semen samples as follows: annexin V and FLICA for apoptosis; PNA for acrosomal status; MitoTracker Red CMXRos for mitochondrial activity; and CellROX Green for oxidative status in combination with a suitable live/dead fixable viability dye. This optimized methodology could help to comprehensively analyse the quality of ram semen from local farms countrywide.
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18
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Bibič L, Stokes L. Revisiting the Idea That Amyloid-β Peptide Acts as an Agonist for P2X7. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:166. [PMID: 33071753 PMCID: PMC7530339 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7) is a cell surface ligand-gated ion channel, activated by its physiological nucleotide agonist ATP and a synthetic analog (BzATP). However, it has also been suggested that there may be structurally unrelated, non-nucleotide agonists such as the amyloidogenic β peptide. Here we aimed to reassess the effect of amyloid β peptides in various in vitro cell models, namely HEK293 overexpressing human P2X7, the microglial BV-2 cell line, and BV-2 cells lacking P2X7. We measured YO-PRO-1 dye uptake in response to full-length amyloid β peptide (1-42) or the shorter amyloid β peptide (25-35) and there was a concentration-dependent increase in YO-PRO-1 dye uptake in HEK-hP2X7 cells. However, these amyloid β peptide-induced increases in YO-PRO-1 dye uptake were also identical in non-transfected HEK-293 cells. We could observe small transient increases in [Ca2+] i induced by amyloid β peptides in BV-2 cells, however these were identical in BV-2 cells lacking P2X7. Furthermore, our metabolic viability and LDH release experiments suggest no significant change in viability or cell membrane damage in HEK-hP2X7 cells. In the BV-2 cells we found that high concentrations of amyloid β peptides (1-42) and (25-35) could reduce cell viability by up to 35% but this was also seen in BV-2 cells lacking P2X7. We found no evidence of LDH release by amyloid β peptides. In summary, we found no evidence that amyloid β peptides act as agonists of P2X7 in our in vitro models. Our study raises the possibility that amyloid β peptides simply mimic features of P2X7 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lučka Bibič
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Stokes
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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19
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Assessment of Cell Adhesion After Purinoceptor Activation. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2041:351-358. [PMID: 31646503 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9717-6_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is a characteristic feature of phagocytic myeloid cells, which is important for several inflammatory processes, such as migration, invasion, and proliferation. Purinergic signaling in macrophages plays an important role in cell adhesion of this cell type to different extracellular substrates. This protocol describes the use of two different detection methods to quantify cell adhesion upon P2X7 receptor activation by extracellular ATP.
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20
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Dynamics of Cell Death After Conventional IRE and H-FIRE Treatments. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:1451-1462. [PMID: 32026232 PMCID: PMC7154019 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) has emerged as an alternative to conventional irreversible electroporation (IRE) to overcome the issues associated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation that appear in IRE treatments. In H-FIRE, the monopolar pulses typically used in IRE are replaced with bursts of short bipolar pulses. Currently, very little is known regarding how the use of a different waveform affects the cell death dynamics and mechanisms. In this study, human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells were treated with a typical IRE protocol and various H-FIRE schemes with the same energized time. Cell viability, membrane integrity and Caspase 3/7 activity were assessed at different times after the treatment. In both treatments, we identified two different death dynamics (immediate and delayed) and we quantified the electric field ranges that lead to each of them. While in the typical IRE protocol, the electric field range leading to a delayed cell death is very narrow, this range is wider in H-FIRE and can be increased by reducing the pulse length. Membrane integrity in cells suffering a delayed cell death shows a similar time evolution in all treatments, however, Caspase 3/7 expression was only observed in cells treated with H-FIRE.
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21
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Cáceres-Del-Carpio J, Moustafa MT, Toledo-Corral J, Hamid MA, Atilano SR, Schneider K, Fukuhara PS, Costa RD, Norman JL, Malik D, Chwa M, Boyer DS, Limb GA, Kenney MC, Kuppermann BD. In vitro response and gene expression of human retinal Müller cells treated with different anti-VEGF drugs. Exp Eye Res 2020; 191:107903. [PMID: 31904361 PMCID: PMC7058176 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Tarek Moustafa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Mohamed A Hamid
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shari R Atilano
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Schneider
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paula S Fukuhara
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - J Lucas Norman
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Deepika Malik
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David S Boyer
- Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G Astrid Limb
- Division of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Baruch D Kuppermann
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
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22
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Dalinova A, Chisty L, Kochura D, Garnyuk V, Petrova M, Prokofieva D, Yurchenko A, Dubovik V, Ivanov A, Smirnov S, Zolotarev A, Berestetskiy A. Isolation and Bioactivity of Secondary Metabolites from Solid Culture of the Fungus, Alternaria sonchi. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E81. [PMID: 31947939 PMCID: PMC7022477 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungus, Alternaria sonchi is considered to be a potential agent for the biocontrol of perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis). A new chlorinated xanthone, methyl 8-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-chloro-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylate (1) and a new benzophenone derivative, 5-chloromoniliphenone (2), were isolated together with eleven structurally related compounds (3-13) from the solid culture of the fungus, which is used for the production of bioherbicidal inoculum of A. sonchi. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic (mostly by NMR and MS) methods. Alternethanoxins A and B, which were reported in A. sonchi earlier, were re-identified as moniliphenone and pinselin, respectively. The isolated compounds were tested for phytotoxic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic and esterase-inhibition activities. They did not demonstrate high phytotoxicity (lesions up to 2.5 mm in diameter/length at a concentration of 2 mg/mL) when tested on leaf disks/segments of perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) and couch grass (Elytrigia repens). They did not possess acute toxicity to Paramecium caudatum, and showed moderate to low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 25 µg/mL) for U937 and K562 tumor cell lines. However, chloromonilicin and methyl 3,8-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-chloro-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylate (4) were shown to have antimicrobial properties with MIC 0.5-5 µg/disc. Compound 4 and chloromonilinic acid B were found to have contact insecticidal activity to wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum) at 1 mg/mL. Compounds 2 and methyl 3,8-dihydroxy-6-methyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylate displayed selective carboxylesterase inhibition activity at concentration of 100 µg/mL. Therefore, the waste solid substrate for production of A. sonchi spores can be re-utilized for the isolation of a number of valuable natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dalinova
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.D.); (M.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Leonid Chisty
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, p/o Kuz’molovsky, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (L.C.); (D.K.); (V.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Dmitry Kochura
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, p/o Kuz’molovsky, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (L.C.); (D.K.); (V.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Varvara Garnyuk
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, p/o Kuz’molovsky, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (L.C.); (D.K.); (V.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Maria Petrova
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.D.); (M.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Darya Prokofieva
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, p/o Kuz’molovsky, 188663 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (L.C.); (D.K.); (V.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Anton Yurchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Vsevolod Dubovik
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.D.); (M.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Alexander Ivanov
- St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Av. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.I.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Sergey Smirnov
- St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Av. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.I.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrey Zolotarev
- St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Av. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.I.); (S.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alexander Berestetskiy
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.D.); (M.P.); (V.D.)
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Kwiatkowska M, Michałowicz J, Jarosiewicz P, Pingot D, Sicińska P, Huras B, Zakrzewski J, Jarosiewicz M, Bukowska B. Evaluation of apoptotic potential of glyphosate metabolites and impurities in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in vitro study). Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110888. [PMID: 31629789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate is used for cereal, vegetable and fruit crops for reducing or inhibiting the growth of weeds as well as a desiccant for various grain crops. That is why, glyphosate has been shown to be accumulated in humans and animals through ingestion of food of both plant and animal origin. The study aimed to assessed the effect of glyphosate, its metabolites: aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), methylphosphonic acid and its impurities: PMIDA, N-methylglyphosate, hydroxymethylphosphonic acid and bis(phosphonomethyl)amine on apoptosis induction in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs were exposed to the compounds studied at the concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 5 mM for 4 h. We have observed an increase in reactive oxygen species (including hydroxyl radical) and cytosolic calcium ions levels as well as reduction of transmembrane mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm) in PBMCs exposed to the compounds examined. All substances studied changed PBMCs membrane permeability, activated caspase-8, -9, -3 and caused chromatin condensation, which showed that they were capable of inducing apoptosis both via extrinsic and particularly intrinsic pathway. Generally the study demonstrated that there were no differences between apoptotic changes induced by glyphosate, its metabolites or impurities, and observed changes were provoked by high concentrations of investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kwiatkowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jaromir Michałowicz
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Jarosiewicz
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Daria Pingot
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Sicińska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Huras
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol 6 Str., 03-236, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Zakrzewski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol 6 Str., 03-236, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Jarosiewicz
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska 141/143 Str., 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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Al-Gubory KH. Shedding light on fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy: Applications in biomedical imaging and therapies. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900146. [PMID: 31343844 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Discoveries of major importance in life sciences and preclinical research are linked to the invention of microscopes that enable imaging of cells and their microstructures. Imaging technologies involving in vivo procedures using fluorescent dyes that permit labelling of cells have been developed over the last two decades. Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM) is an imaging technology equipped with fiber-optic probes to deliver light to organs and tissues of live animals. This enables not only in vivo detection of fluorescent signals and visualization of cells, but also the study of dynamic processes, such cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis, under physiological and pathological conditions. This will allow the diagnosis of diseased organs and tissues and the evaluation of the efficacy of new therapies in animal models of human diseases. The aim of this report is to shed light on FCFM and its potential medical applications and discusses some factors that compromise the reliability and reproducibility of monitoring biological processes by FCFM. This report also highlights the issues concerning animal experimentation and welfare, and the contributions of FCFM to the 3Rs principals, replacement, reduction and refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs H Al-Gubory
- National Institute for Agricultural Research, Department of Animal Physiology, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Svoradová A, Makarevich A, Vašíček J, Olexiková L, Dragin S, Chrenek P. Microscopic Assessment of Dead Cell Ratio in Cryopreserved Chicken Primordial Germ Cells. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:1257-1262. [PMID: 31530326 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619014934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare three methods of cell death assessment [trypan blue exclusion (TBE), propidium iodide viability assay (PIVA), and transmission electron microscopy] to evaluate fresh and frozen-thawed chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). For this study, chicken PGCs were collected from ROSS 908 and Oravka breed hens, cryopreserved-thawed according to the protocol, and submitted for different cell death assessments. We observed significant differences between TBE and PIVA techniques in the detectable proportion of dead cells in fresh (14.14 ± 1.27 versus 7.16 ± 1.02%, respectively) and frozen-thawed (44.00 ± 2.11 versus 33.33 ± 1.67%, respectively) samples of the Oravka breed. Moreover, significant differences (p < 0.05) between TBE and PIVA techniques in the detectable proportion of dead cells in fresh (9.20 ± 0.60 versus 5.37 ± 0.51%) samples of ROSS 908 breed were recorded. Differences may be due to methodological, sensitivity, and toxicity features of each technique tested, where TB stains cell cytoplasm of dead cells and PI penetrates and intercalates into DNA of dead cells. Therefore, we suggest using a more precise and sensitive PIVA for viability evaluation of PGCs. Further research is needed to apply various fluorochromes for more detailed cell viability evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Svoradová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, Trieda A. Hlinku 1, 949 79 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Makarevich
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia
| | - Jaromír Vašíček
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Olexiková
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia
| | - Sasa Dragin
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Peter Chrenek
- Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Bonaterra GA, Schwarzbach H, Kelber O, Weiser D, Kinscherf R. Anti-inflammatory effects of Phytodolor® (STW 1) and components (poplar, ash and goldenrod) on human monocytes/macrophages. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152868. [PMID: 30831466 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populus tremula L. (Poplar), Fraxinus excelsior L. (ash) and Solidago virgaurea L. (goldenrod) have been used for medicinal purposes through centuries, to treat pain, fever and inflammation, but their mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. The present study was performed to investigate, whether the herbal medicinal product Phytodolor® (STW 1) and its components have anti-inflammatory effects on activated human monocytes and differentiated human macrophages to elucidate their modes of action in comparison with well-known analgesic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) as diclofenac. METHODS Adherent human monocytes obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in serum-free medium and pre-treated with 50-100 µg/ml of diclofenac, STW 1, their components, poplar, ash or goldenrod or its combination (0.05% to 2%). Thereafter, monocytes were activated with 0.1 or 1 µg/ml LPS for 24 h. The intracellular expressions of TNF-α or PTGS2 were determined by cell-based ELISA. Apoptotic cells were identified by YO-PRO-1 staining. Protein or total RNA were isolated to perform SDS-PAGE/Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses. PMA-differentiated human THP-1 macrophages were pre-treated with diclofenac (50 µg/ml) or STW1 (0.1%) and afterwards with LPS (1 µg/ml) and the translocation of the intracellular p62 NF-κB subunit was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS STW 1 inhibited the intracellular content of TNF-α and PTGS2 protein, as well as of TNF-α and PTGS2 gene expression and induced apoptosis in LPS-activated human monocytes under serum free conditions. Furthermore, STW 1 inhibited the translocation of the p65 subunit of the redox-regulated NF-κB into the nucleus in LPS-activated human macrophages. CONCLUSION The present in vitro investigations suggest a significant anti-inflammatory activity of STW 1 and its components by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine as TNF-α and the key enzyme PTGS2 in LPS-activated human monocytes, which is, at least partly mediated through the suppression of NF-κB activation. Our results provide evidence for distinctive anti-inflammatory effects of STW 1 and its components on LPS-activated human monocytes/macrophages and, thus, for the therapeutic use of STW 1 in inflammation and pain related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Bonaterra
- Anatomy und Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Hans Schwarzbach
- Anatomy und Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Kelber
- Innovation and Development, Phytomedicine Supply and Development Centre, Bayer Consumer Health Care, Steigerwald Arzneimittel GmbH, Havelstraße 5, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dieter Weiser
- Innovation and Development, Phytomedicine Supply and Development Centre, Bayer Consumer Health Care, Steigerwald Arzneimittel GmbH, Havelstraße 5, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Anatomy und Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
Fluorogenic probes efficiently reduce non-specific background signals, which often results in highly improved signal-to-noise ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kozma
- Chemical Biology Research Group
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- 1117 Budapest
| | - Péter Kele
- Chemical Biology Research Group
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- 1117 Budapest
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Removal of seminal plasma prior to liquid storage of boar spermatozoa: A practice that can improve their fertilizing ability. Theriogenology 2018; 125:79-86. [PMID: 30390482 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Seminal plasma (SP) plays a vital role in the maintenance of sperm function and integrity along with being involved in their communication with the female reproductive tract. Under in vitro conditions, although it is generally accepted that boar semen is better preserved when SP is diluted (extended) or removed (cryopreserved), its role during storage is not completely elucidated. In this context, the current study sought to determine the role of SP during storage of boar spermatozoa at 17 °C for 72 h. Thus, two treatments were prepared with semen from the sperm-rich fraction (SRF) of boar ejaculate previous to storage in liquid state: 1) PSP: semen directly extended in Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS), and 2) ASP: semen first centrifuged with subsequent removal of supernatant (containing SP) followed by suspension of sperm in BTS. From this, two experiments were conducted separately in this work: 1) in vitro and 2) in vivo assays. The former aimed to evaluate how sperm capacity responds to in vitro capacitation (IVC) and whether their quality is affected by previous exposure to SP. In the latter, the objective was to understand how important these previous conditions can be for reproductive performance after artificial insemination (AI). According to our results, the previous removal of SP does not affect sperm quality and the response of these cells to IVC (P > 0.05) along with resulting in a lower percentage of acrosome damage in them [12.87 ± 0.76 (ASP) vs. 16.38 ± 0.73 (PSP)] (P < 0.05). This improved preservation of acrosome integrity in the absence of SP can explain the higher fertility rate (%) [63.27 ± 23.47 (ASP) vs. 38.57 ± 16.30 (PSP)] and number of implanted embryos at 28 days after AI (13.71 ± 4.88 (ASP) vs. 7.16 ± 4.02 (PSP)] (P < 0.05) presented by gilts inseminated with seminal doses of ASP. In conclusion, removal of SP prior to liquid storage of boar sperm for 72 h can be beneficial for their fertilizing ability.
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Alkarakooly Z, Al-Anbaky QA, Kannan K, Ali N. Metabolic reprogramming by Dichloroacetic acid potentiates photodynamic therapy of human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206182. [PMID: 30352078 PMCID: PMC6198976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycolytic metabolism is one of the hallmarks of carcinogenesis and therefore reversal of metabolic transformation is a promising drug target in cancer treatment strategies. Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is known to target the glycolytic pathway in cancer cells and facilitates reversal of metabolic transformation from aerobic cytosolic accumulation of pyruvic acid, "the Warburg effect", to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Recently, combination therapy particularly involving photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received considerable attention in oncology. We hypothesized that if DCA and PDT are combined, they might potentiate mitochondrial dysfunction and induce apoptosis by a reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent pathway. We used MCF-7 cells as our in vitro model and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) dependent PDT therapy to test our hypothesis. We found that combinatorial treatment of MCF-7 cells with PDT and DCA not only increased cell growth inhibition, but also affected mitochondrial membrane integrity perhaps via production of ROS, and enhanced apoptosis. Further, our results on ATP release during the combined treatment demonstrate that immunogenic cell death (ICD) is likely to be a potential mechanism by which PDT and DCA induce cancer cell death. Taken together, our study suggests a novel way of sensitizing MCF-7 cells for accelerated induction of apoptosis and ICD in these cells. The findings included in this study might have direct relevance in breast cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeiyad Alkarakooly
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
- Department of Biology, College of Arts, Letters and Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Qudes A. Al-Anbaky
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
- Department of Biology, College of Arts, Letters and Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Krishnaswamy Kannan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts, Letters and Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Arts, Letters and Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
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Boyce B, Samsonova N. Novel millimeter-wave-based method for in situ cell isolation and other applications. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14755. [PMID: 30282995 PMCID: PMC6170430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to laser-based methods, we developed a novel in situ cell isolation method and instrument based on local water absorption of millimeter wave (MMW) radiation that occurs in cellular material and nearby culture medium while the cultureware materials (plastic and glass) are transparent to MMW frequencies. Unwanted cells within cell population are targeted with MMWs in order to kill them by overheating. The instrument rapidly (within 2-3 seconds) heats a cell culture area of about 500 µm in diameter to 50 °C using a low-power W-band (94 GHz) MMW source. Heated cells in the area detach from the substrate and can be removed by a media change leaving a bare spot. Hence we named the instrument "CellEraser". Quick, local and non-contact heating with sharp boundaries of the heated area allows elimination of the unwanted cells without affecting the neighboring cells. The instrument is implemented as a compact microscope attachment and the selective hyperthermic treatment can be done manually or in an automated mode. Mammalian cells heated even momentarily above 50 °C will not survive. This "temperature of no return" does not compromise cellular membranes nor does it denature proteins. Using the CellEraser instrument we found that the key event that determines the fate of a cell at elevated temperatures is whether or not the selectivity of its nucleus is compromised. If a cell nucleus becomes "leaky" allowing normally excluded (cytoplasmic) proteins in and normally nuclear-localized proteins out, that cell is destined to die. Quick heating by MMWs to higher temperatures (70 °C) denatures cellular proteins but the cells are not able to detach from the substrate - instead they undergo a phenomenon we called "thermofixation": such cells look similar to cells fixed with common chemical fixatives. They remain flat and are not washable from the substrate. Interestingly, their membranes become permeable to DNA dyes and even to antibodies. Thermofixation allows the use of western blot antibodies for immunofluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barney Boyce
- In Vivo Scientific, LLC 5 Gybe Ho Ct, Salem, SC, 26976, USA
| | - Natalia Samsonova
- CellEraser, LLC 15649 Century Lake Dr., Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA.
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Gorudko IV, Grigorieva DV, Sokolov AV, Shamova EV, Kostevich VA, Kudryavtsev IV, Syromiatnikova ED, Vasilyev VB, Cherenkevich SN, Panasenko OM. Neutrophil activation in response to monomeric myeloperoxidase. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:592-601. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an oxidant-producing enzyme that can also regulate cellular functions via its nonenzymatic effects. Mature active MPO isolated from normal human neutrophils is a 145 kDa homodimer, which consists of 2 identical protomers, connected by a single disulfide bond. By binding to CD11b/CD18 integrin, dimeric MPO induces neutrophil activation and adhesion augmenting leukocyte accumulation at sites of inflammation. This study was performed to compare the potency of dimeric and monomeric MPO to elicit selected neutrophil responses. Monomeric MPO (hemi-MPO) was obtained by treating the dimeric MPO by reductive alkylation. Analysis of the crucial signal transducer, intracellular Ca2+, showed that dimeric MPO induces Ca2+ mobilization from the intracellular calcium stores of neutrophils and influx of extracellular Ca2+ whereas the effect of monomeric MPO on Ca2+ increase in neutrophils was less. It was also shown that monomeric MPO was less efficient than dimeric MPO at inducing actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell survival, and neutrophil degranulation. Furthermore, we have detected monomeric MPO in the blood plasma of patients with acute inflammation. Our data suggest that the decomposition of dimeric MPO into monomers can serve as a regulatory mechanism that controls MPO-dependent activation of neutrophils and reduces the proinflammatory effects of MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexey V. Sokolov
- FSBSI “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Centre of Preclinical Translational Research, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | | | - Valeria A. Kostevich
- FSBSI “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Igor V. Kudryavtsev
- FSBSI “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690090, Russia
| | | | - Vadim B. Vasilyev
- FSBSI “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | - Oleg M. Panasenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia
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Yu KW, Yao CC, Jeng JH, Shieh HY, Chen YJ. Periostin inhibits mechanical stretch-induced apoptosis in osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:292-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Batista Napotnik T, Miklavčič D. In vitro electroporation detection methods – An overview. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 120:166-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
We aimed to compare the effect of three different permeating cryoprotectants on the post-thaw spermatozoa quality. Pooled semen from Oravka cock line (n = 6) was diluted in Kobidil+ extender and frozen in cryoprotectant solutions containing 8% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 8% ethylene glycol (EG) or 8% glycerol (GL) in liquid nitrogen vapours before being plunged into the liquid nitrogen. Spermatozoa motility parameters were assessed in vitro after freezing-thawing by a computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system and viability status was examined using fluorescent probes. The lower percentage (P < 0.05) of motile and progressively moving spermatozoa immediately after thawing were obtained in all experimental groups (DMSO, EG, GL) compared with the control. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in total motility and progressive movement between GL and DMSO, EG groups were observed. However, the higher number (P < 0.05) of acrosome damaged spermatozoa was found in the DMSO and EG groups and no significant differences were observed in the GL group compared with the control. Differences (P < 0.05) between experimental groups and the control in the results of spermatozoa necrosis were observed. No significant differences in the percentage of apoptotic spermatozoa were found between control and experimental groups. However, significant differences (P < 0.05) in number of live and necrotic spermatozoa between GL and DMSO, EG groups were examined. The findings of the present study indicate that glycerol seems to be suitable for semen cryopreservation in the gene banks. In addition, fertility evaluation in vivo is needed in order to evaluate the possible contribution for the bank of animal genetic resources.
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Pyle JR, Chen J. Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:2296-2306. [PMID: 29181286 PMCID: PMC5687005 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution imaging of single DNA molecules via point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT) has great potential to visualize fine DNA structures with nanometer resolution. In a typical PAINT video acquisition, dye molecules (YOYO-1) in solution sparsely bind to the target surfaces (DNA) whose locations can be mathematically determined by fitting their fluorescent point spread function. Many YOYO-1 molecules intercalate into DNA and remain there during imaging, and most of them have to be temporarily or permanently fluorescently bleached, often stochastically, to allow for the visualization of a few fluorescent events per DNA per frame of the video. Thus, controlling the fluorescence on-off rate is important in PAINT. In this paper, we study the photobleaching of YOYO-1 and its correlation with the quality of the PAINT images. At a low excitation laser power density, the photobleaching of YOYO-1 is too slow and a minimum required power density was identified, which can be theoretically predicted with the proposed method in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Pyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Jixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
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Zakošek Pipan M, Mrkun J, Nemec Svete A, Zrimšek P. Improvement of liquid stored boar semen quality by removing low molecular weight proteins and supplementation with α-tocopherol. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 186:52-61. [PMID: 28951025 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Seminal plasma contains low-molecular weight components that can exert a harmful effect on sperm function. We have evaluated the effects of removing low-molecular weight components from seminal plasma and adding α-tocopherol on boar semen quality after 72h of liquid storage. Semen was evaluated on the basis of motility, morphology, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane modifications, mitochondrial activity, DNA fragmentation and lipid peroxidation. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 8-isoprostane, and antioxidant status (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD)) were measured in seminal plasma. Removal of low-molecular weight components from seminal plasma, together with the addition of α-tocopherol, kept the lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial activity and DNA fragmentation at the same level as in native semen samples. Dialysing semen and adding 200μM of α-tocopherol led to higher progressive motility, a higher proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa and a significantly lower level of acrosomal reacted spermatozoa compared to non-dialyzed semen samples after 72h of storage. In conclusion, liquid stored boar semen was better preserved, and oxidative stress in the semen was reduced when semen was dialyzed and α-tocopherol was added prior to storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zakošek Pipan
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - J Mrkun
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Nemec Svete
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Zrimšek
- Institute for Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Gagné F, Bruneau A, Turcotte P, Gagnon C, Lacaze E. An investigation of the immunotoxicity of oil sands processed water and leachates in trout leukocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 141:43-51. [PMID: 28314140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased oil sands (OS) mining activity has raised concerns about impacts on aquatic organisms. This study sought to examine the effects of single representative compounds from OS (benzo(a)pyrene, naphthalene), a mixture of naphthenic acids (NAs), OS-processed water (OSPW) and OS leachate (OSL) extracts on rainbow trout leukocytes. Primary cultures of trout leukocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene, naphthalene, NAs, OSPW and OSL for 48h at 18°C. Immunocompetence was followed by measuring changes in lymphocyte and macrophage viability and phagocytosis. Changes in the expression of 10 transcripts were also followed: interleukin 1, 2 and 6 (Il-1, Il-2 and Il-6), calreticulin (CRT), caspase 9 (Cas9), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and p53 tumor suppressor. The results revealed that exposure to OSPW extracts decreased the capacity of macrophages to engulf three beads or more, while the other compounds generally increased phagocytosis activity. Lymphocyte apoptosis was increased by all compounds and mixtures except naphthalene. Both OSPW and OSL induced apoptosis in macrophages. At the gene expression level, Cas9, CRT, Il-1 (inhibition) and Il-2 were specifically influenced by OSPW, while CAT, p53, COX2 and Il-1 (induction) transcripts were specifically expressed by OSL. Leukocyte exposure to OSPW produced characteristic changes in immunocompetence and genes involved in proinflammatory, apoptosis and protein damage (CRT) pathways which could not be explained by OSL, benzo(a)pyrene, naphthalene and NA mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - A Bruneau
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - P Turcotte
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - C Gagnon
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - E Lacaze
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
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Megf10 Is a Receptor for C1Q That Mediates Clearance of Apoptotic Cells by Astrocytes. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5185-92. [PMID: 27170117 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3850-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple EGF-like domains 10 (Megf10) is a class F scavenger receptor (SR-F3) expressed on astrocytes and myosatellite cells, and recessive mutations in humans result in early-onset myopathy, areflexia, respiratory distress, and dysphagia (EMARDD). Here we report that Megf10-deficient mice have increased apoptotic cells in the developing cerebellum and have impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by astrocytes ex vivo We also report that cells transfected with Megf10 gain the ability to phagocytose apoptotic neurons and that Megf10 binds with high affinity to C1q, an eat-me signal for apoptotic cells. In contrast, cells expressing Megf10 with EMARDD mutations have impaired apoptotic cell clearance and impaired binding to C1q. Our studies reveal that Megf10 is a receptor for C1q and identify a novel role for Megf10 in clearance of apoptotic cells in the mammalian developing brain with potential relevance to EMARDD patients and other CNS disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Apoptosis is a universal homeostatic process and occurs in many disease conditions. Multiple EGF-like domains 10 (Megf10) is emerging as an essential receptor for synaptic pruning, clearance of neuronal debris, and for muscle differentiation. Here we define a novel Megf10-dependent pathway for apoptotic cell clearance and show that Megf10 is a receptor for C1q, an eat-me signal, that binds phosphatidylserine expressed on the surface of apoptotic cells. Understanding the pathways by which apoptotic cells are cleared in the CNS is relevant to many physiological and pathological conditions of the CNS.
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Odintsova NA, Boroda AV, Maiorova MA, Yakovlev KV. The death pathways in mussel larval cells after a freeze-thaw cycle. Cryobiology 2017; 77:41-49. [PMID: 28564580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed cell viability, caspase activity, plasma membrane alterations and cell ultrastructure morphology to estimate the morphological and biochemical alterations that occur in bivalve molluscan cell cultures during cryopreservation. The use of 5% dymethyl sulfoxide as a cryoprotectant resulted in greater cell survival and a scarcity of destroyed cells lacking cytosol among dead cells. In this case, almost all cells died through necrosis or apoptosis, which appeared to increase in mussel cell cultures after a freeze-thaw cycle. Apoptosis was not a main death pathway in mussel cells, but it was induced in a significant part of these cells (up to 24%) immediately after thawing and depended mostly on the cryoprotectant used. Regardless of the type of the used cryoprotectant, we observed some nuclear aberrations in cells after freezing-thawing, such as few multipolar mitoses or the absence of a division spindle in mitotic cells. After analyzing different methods for assessing cell damage, the best results were obtained from optimal approaches that could provide information regarding the cell disruption level after freezing-thawing and could be considered for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly A Odintsova
- Laboratory of Cytotechnology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Boroda
- Laboratory of Cytotechnology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Mariia A Maiorova
- Laboratory of Cytotechnology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Yakovlev
- Laboratory of Cytotechnology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
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Novickij V, Dermol J, Grainys A, Kranjc M, Miklavčič D. Membrane permeabilization of mammalian cells using bursts of high magnetic field pulses. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3267. [PMID: 28462057 PMCID: PMC5408723 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell membrane permeabilization by pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) is a novel contactless method which results in effects similar to conventional electroporation. The non-invasiveness of the methodology, independence from the biological object homogeneity and electrical conductance introduce high flexibility and potential applicability of the PEMF in biomedicine, food processing, and biotechnology. The inferior effectiveness of the PEMF permeabilization compared to standard electroporation and the lack of clear description of the induced transmembrane transport are currently of major concern. METHODS The PEMF permeabilization experiments have been performed using a 5.5 T, 1.2 J pulse generator with a multilayer inductor as an applicator. We investigated the feasibility to increase membrane permeability of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells using short microsecond (15 µs) pulse bursts (100 or 200 pulses) at low frequency (1 Hz) and high dB/dt (>106 T/s). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using two different fluorescent dyes: propidium iodide (PI) and YO-PRO®-1 (YP). The results were compared to conventional electroporation (single pulse, 1.2 kV/cm, 100 µs), i.e., positive control. RESULTS The proposed PEMF protocols (both for 100 and 200 pulses) resulted in increased number of permeable cells (70 ± 11% for PI and 67 ± 9% for YP). Both cell permeabilization assays also showed a significant (8 ± 2% for PI and 35 ± 14% for YP) increase in fluorescence intensity indicating membrane permeabilization. The survival was not affected. DISCUSSION The obtained results demonstrate the potential of PEMF as a contactless treatment for achieving reversible permeabilization of biological cells. Similar to electroporation, the PEMF permeabilization efficacy is influenced by pulse parameters in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janja Dermol
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Audrius Grainys
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Matej Kranjc
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Pipan MZ, Mrkun J, Strajn BJ, Vrtač KP, Kos J, Pišlar A, Zrimšek P. The influence of macro- and microelements in seminal plasma on diluted boar sperm quality. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:11. [PMID: 28187743 PMCID: PMC5301396 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence indicates that macro- and microelements in the seminal plasma of humans and various domestic animals are of great importance due to their roles in sperm metabolism, function, survival and oxidative stress. In the present study, we therefore determined the concentrations of macro- and microelements in fresh boar seminal plasma and their relation to sperm quality parameters after 3 days of liquid storage was assessed. Twenty ejaculates from eight boars were collected, and semen volume, concentration, sperm motility, morphology, tail membrane integrity, plasma membrane permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation were determined on the day of collection (day 0) and day 3 (72 h) of storage at 15–17 °C. Seminal plasma was separated and the concentrations of macroelements (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and microelements (Cu, Fe, Zn and Se) were determined. Results After 3 days of storage Se levels correlated significantly with sperm motility, progressive motility and morphology, all of which are routinely used for semen evaluation. On day 3, Se levels also correlated with tail membrane integrity, viability and intact DNA (P < 0.05). The correlation coefficients showed that mitochondrial function was better preserved at higher levels of Zn, while higher levels of Cu decreased mitochondrial function, but led to the better preservation of DNA. It was also evident that higher levels of Fe were associated with higher proportions of live spermatozoa and of spermatozoa with normal morphology after 3 days of storage (P < 0.05), while higher levels of Ca and Mg in fresh seminal plasma were associated with lower percentages of progressive motile spermatozoa and with a decreased proportion of spermatozoa with intact DNA (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis including microelements showed that Se significantly affected sperm quality parameters, mentioned above, after 3 days of storage. Conclusions Macro- and microelements were associated with boar sperm quality and may be important biomarkers of boar sperm quality after liquid storage. Our results demonstrate that the evaluation of Se in fresh boar seminal plasma can serve as an additional tool in predicting sperm quality after storage.
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Rat P, Olivier E, Tanter C, Wakx A, Dutot M. A fast and reproducible cell- and 96-well plate-based method for the evaluation of P2X7 receptor activation using YO-PRO-1 fluorescent dye. J Biol Methods 2017; 4:e64. [PMID: 31453224 PMCID: PMC6708926 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The YO-PRO-1 assay provides a quantitative estimation of P2X7 receptor activation. P2X7 receptor is associated to pathological conditions including infectious, inflammatory, neurological, musculoskeletal disorders, pain and cancer. Most primary cells and cell lines from diverse origin may be used thanks to the ubiquitous distribution of P2X7 receptor. To study the activation of P2X7 receptor by chemicals or biological agents, we established a microplate-based cytometry protocol to accurately and rapidly quantify the activation of P2X7 receptor that leads to the formation of large pores in cell membranes. The YO-PRO-1 assay is based on the ability of cells to incorporate and bind YO-PRO-1 dye to DNA after activation of P2X7 receptor through pore formation. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates and incubated with the compound being tested for the appropriate time. The microplate is then incubated for 10 min with YO-PRO-1 staining solution. After the 10 min staining time, fluorescence signal is read using a microplate reader in 1 min. This procedure is easier and requires less handling steps than flow cytometry. 96-well plate based YO-PRO-1 assay is a reproducible and fast method to study both P2X7 receptor activation by toxic agents at subnecrotic concentrations and P2X7 receptor inhibition by antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Rat
- UMR 8638 CNRS COMETE, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Elodie Olivier
- UMR 8638 CNRS COMETE, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.,Soliance-Givaudan, Route de Bazancourt, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Caroline Tanter
- Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire d'Evaluation Physiologique, Yslab, 2 rue Félix Le Dantec, 29000 Quimper, France
| | - Anaïs Wakx
- UMR 8638 CNRS COMETE, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mélody Dutot
- UMR 8638 CNRS COMETE, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.,Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire d'Evaluation Physiologique, Yslab, 2 rue Félix Le Dantec, 29000 Quimper, France
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Alkaloids of fascaplysin are effective conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, inhibiting the proliferation of C6 glioma cells and causing their death in vitro. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:738-746. [PMID: 28356953 PMCID: PMC5351310 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is an invasive malignant glial brain tumor with a poor prognosis for patients. The primary reasons that lead to the development of treatment resistance are associated with tumor cells infiltrating the brain parenchyma and the specific properties of tumor stem cells. A crucial research area in medical science is the search for effective agents that are able to act on these targets. Fascaplysin alkaloids possess potent antitumor activity. Modern methods for the targeted delivery of drugs reveal extensive possibilities in terms of the clinical use of these compounds. The aim of the present study was to establish effective concentrations of fascaplysin that inhibit the growth and kill the cells of glial tumors, as well as to perform a comparative analysis of fascaplysin's effectiveness in relation to other chemotherapy drugs. C6 glioma cells were utilized as an optimal model of glioblastoma. It was established that fascaplysin at 0.5 µM has a strong cytotoxic effect, which is subsequently replaced by tumor cell death via apoptosis as the length of drug exposure time is increased. Fascaplysin kills glioma cells at a dose higher than 0.5 µM. The efficiency of fascaplysin was observed to significantly exceed that of temozolomide. Therefore, a significant feature of fascaplysin is its ability to inhibit the growth of and kill multipotent tumor cells.
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Pillon NJ, Chan KL, Zhang S, Mejdani M, Jacobson MR, Ducos A, Bilan PJ, Niu W, Klip A. Saturated fatty acids activate caspase-4/5 in human monocytes, triggering IL-1β and IL-18 release. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E825-E835. [PMID: 27624102 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00296.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic tissue infiltration by monocyte-derived macrophages. Saturated fatty acids contribute to proinflammatory gene induction in tissue-embedded immune cells. However, it is unknown how circulating monocytes, the macrophage precursors, react to high-fat environments. In macrophages, saturated fatty acids activate inflammatory pathways and, notably, prime caspase-associated inflammasomes. Inflammasome-activated IL-1β contributes to type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that 1) human monocytes from obese patients show caspase activation, and 2) fatty acids trigger this response and consequent release of IL-1β/IL-18. Human peripheral blood monocytes were sorted by flow cytometry, and caspase activity was measured with a FLICA dye-based assay. Blood monocytes from obese individuals exhibited elevated caspase activity. To explore the nature and consequence of this activity, human THP1 monocytes were exposed to saturated or unsaturated fatty acids. Caspase activity was revealed by isoform-specific cleavage and enzymatic activity; cytokine expression/release was measured by qPCR and ELISA. Palmitate, but not palmitoleate, increased caspase activity in parallel to the release of IL-1β and IL-18. Palmitate induced eventual monocyte cell death with features of pyroptosis (an inflammation-linked cell death program involving caspase-4/5), scored through LDH release, vital dye influx, cell volume changes, and nuclear morphology. Notably, selective gene silencing or inhibition of caspase-4/5 reduced palmitate-induced release of IL-1β and IL-18. In summary, monocytes from obese individuals present elevated caspase activity. Mechanistically, palmitate activates a pyroptotic program in monocytes through caspase-4/5, causing inflammatory cytokine release, additional to inflammasomes. These caspases represent potential, novel, therapeutic targets to taper obesity-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Pillon
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenny L Chan
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shitian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Marios Mejdani
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maya R Jacobson
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Ducos
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenyan Niu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Amira Klip
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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Subcompartmentalization by cross-membranes during early growth of Streptomyces hyphae. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12467. [PMID: 27514833 PMCID: PMC4990651 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Streptomyces are a model system for bacterial multicellularity. Their mycelial life style involves the formation of long multinucleated hyphae during vegetative growth, with occasional cross-walls separating long compartments. Reproduction occurs by specialized aerial hyphae, which differentiate into chains of uninucleoid spores. While the tubulin-like FtsZ protein is required for the formation of all peptidoglycan-based septa in Streptomyces, canonical divisome-dependent cell division only occurs during sporulation. Here we report extensive subcompartmentalization in young vegetative hyphae of Streptomyces coelicolor, whereby 1 μm compartments are formed by nucleic acid stain-impermeable barriers. These barriers possess the permeability properties of membranes and at least some of them are cross-membranes without detectable peptidoglycan. Z-ladders form during the early growth, but cross-membrane formation does not depend on FtsZ. Thus, a new level of hyphal organization is presented involving unprecedented high-frequency compartmentalization, which changes the old dogma that Streptomyces vegetative hyphae have scarce compartmentalization. Bacteria of the genus Streptomyces form cellular filaments (hyphae) in which sporadic peptidoglycan cell walls separate multinucleate compartments. Here, Yagüe et al. show that young hyphae are further compartmentalized by cross-membranes lacking detectable peptidoglycan.
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Kilaparty SP, Agarwal R, Singh P, Kannan K, Ali N. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis accompanies enhanced expression of multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase 1 (Minpp1): a possible role for Minpp1 in cellular stress response. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:593-608. [PMID: 27038811 PMCID: PMC4907990 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphates represent a group of differentially phosphorylated inositol metabolites, many of which are implicated to regulate diverse cellular processes such as calcium mobilization, vesicular trafficking, differentiation, apoptosis, etc. The metabolic network of these compounds is complex and tightly regulated by various kinases and phosphatases present predominantly in the cytosol. Multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase 1 (Minpp1) is the only known endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal enzyme that hydrolyzes various inositol polyphosphates in vitro as well as in vivo conditions. However, access of the Minpp1 to cytosolic substrates has not yet been demonstrated clearly and hence its physiological function. In this study, we examined a potential role for Minpp1 in ER stress-induced apoptosis. We generated a custom antibody and characterized its specificity to study the expression of Minpp1 protein in multiple mammalian cells under experimentally induced cellular stress conditions. Our results demonstrate a significant increase in the expression of Minpp1 in response to a variety of cellular stress conditions. The protein expression was corroborated with the expression of its mRNA and enzymatic activity. Further, in an attempt to link the role of Minpp1 to apoptotic stress, we studied the effect of Minpp1 expression on apoptosis following silencing of the Minpp1 gene by its specific siRNA. Our results suggest an attenuation of apoptotic parameters following knockdown of Minpp1. Thus, in addition to its known role in inositol polyphosphate metabolism, we have identified a novel role for Minpp1 as a stress-responsive protein. In summary, our results provide, for the first time, a probable link between ER stress-induced apoptosis and Minpp1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya P Kilaparty
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Rakhee Agarwal
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cheshire, CT, 06410, USA
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Krishnaswamy Kannan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA.
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P2X7-pannexin-1 and amyloid β-induced oxysterol input in human retinal cell: Role in age-related macular degeneration? Biochimie 2016; 127:70-8. [PMID: 27109381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of severe vision loss worldwide. Amyloid β involvement in degenerative diseases such as AMD is well known and its toxicity has been related to P2X7 receptor-pannexin-1. Recently, oxysterols (oxidized derivatives of cholesterol) have been implicated in AMD pathogenesis. The aim of our study was to highlight amyloid β/oxysterols relationship and to describe P2X7 receptor-pannexin-1 role in oxysterols toxicity. Using retinal epithelial cells, we first quantified sterols levels after amyloid β incubation and second we investigated the cytotoxic effects induced by oxysterols. For the first time, our results showed that amyloid β induced oxysterols formation in human retinal pigmented epithelial cells. We showed that oxysterol toxicity is mediated by P2X7 receptor activation. This activation was dependent on pannexin-1 with 25-hydroxycholesterol whereas P2X7 receptor signaling pathway was pannexin-1-independent for 7-ketocholesterol. Taken together our data suggest a pivotal role of P2X7 receptor-pannexin-1 in oxysterols toxicity in retinal cells which could be an important target to develop new treatments for AMD.
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New in vitro biomarkers to detect toxicity in human placental cells: The example of benzo[A]pyrene. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 32:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Knels L, Valtink M, Piazena H, de la Vega Marin J, Gommel K, Lupp A, Roehlecke C, Mehner M, Funk RHW. Effects of Narrow-band IR-A and of Water-Filtered Infrared A on Fibroblasts. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:475-87. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Knels
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Monika Valtink
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Helmut Piazena
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Medical Photobiology Group; Berlin Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Gommel
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Jena University Hospital; Jena Germany
| | - Cora Roehlecke
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Mirko Mehner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine; Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring; Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
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Chen J, Riazifar H, Guan MX, Huang T. Modeling autosomal dominant optic atrophy using induced pluripotent stem cells and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:2. [PMID: 26738566 PMCID: PMC4704249 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many retinal degenerative diseases are caused by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Autosomal dominant optic atrophy is the most common hereditary optic atrophy disease and is characterized by central vision loss and degeneration of RGCs. Currently, there is no effective treatment for this group of diseases. However, stem cell therapy holds great potential for replacing lost RGCs of patients. Compared with embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be derived from adult somatic cells, and they are associated with fewer ethical concerns and are less prone to immune rejection. In addition, patient-derived iPSCs may provide us with a cellular model for studying the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic agents for optic atrophy. Methods In this study, iPSCs were obtained from patients carrying an OPA1 mutation (OPA1+/−-iPSC) that were diagnosed with optic atrophy. These iPSCs were differentiated into putative RGCs, which were subsequently characterized by using RGC-specific expression markers BRN3a and ISLET-1. Results Mutant OPA1+/−-iPSCs exhibited significantly more apoptosis and were unable to efficiently differentiate into RGCs. However, with the addition of neural induction medium, Noggin, or estrogen, OPA1+/−-iPSC differentiation into RGCs was promoted. Conclusions Our results suggest that apoptosis mediated by OPA1 mutations plays an important role in the pathogenesis of optic atrophy, and both noggin and β-estrogen may represent potential therapeutic agents for OPA1-related optic atrophy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0264-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Hamidreza Riazifar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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