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Bibila TA, Flickinger MC. Use of a structured kinetic model of antibody synthesis and secretion for optimization of antibody production systems: II. Transient analysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 1992; 39:262-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260390303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wallach M, Laskov R. A high production rate of translatable IgG mRNA accounts for the amplified synthesis of IgG in myeloma cells. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 110:545-54. [PMID: 7439173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to determine whether the accumulation of Ig mRNA in myeloma cells is due to a high rate of production or to a high stability of these molecules. Specific mRNAs for the light and heavy polypeptide chains of IgG were isolated from the murine MPC-11 myeloma tumor cells by immune precipitation of polysomes which synthesize these chains. It was found that the immune-precipitated polysomes were enriched 10--30-fold in the gamma and chi mRNA sequences respectively. In the wheat germ cell-free system the chi mRNA preparation was translated mainly into three polypeptides of Mr 25 000, 18 000, and 15 000. The method of immune precipitation of polysomes was also used to characterize three variant clones of MPC-11 myeloma. It was found that little if any gamma-chain polysomes are present in the L-chain producer and non-producer clones, while a substantial amount of chi-chain polysomes was present in the non-producer clone. This may be due to the presence in the non-producer cells of the constant region chi-chain fragment. In order to determine the relative synthesis rate of chi and gamma mRNAs, pulse-labelled polysomes were immune precipitated using antibodies to chi and gamma chains. It was found that chi and gamma mRNA molecules are produced at a very high relative rate each accounting for 10--15% of the total labeled mRNA after 1 h of labeling. These values are higher than the steady-state pool size of chi and gamma mRNA, which was 5--6%, and indicates that the half-life of these molecules is not unusually high. It is concluded that the amplified synthesis of immunoglobulin chains in myeloma cells is mainly due to a high rate of production of translatable chi and gamma mRNAs.
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Bahramian MB, Hartley BS. A switch from translational control to transcriptional control of protein synthesis in mid-exponential growth phase of bacterial cultures. Specific radioimmune labelling of ribitol-dehydrogenase-synthesising polysomes from Klebsiella aerogenes in the presence of heparin. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 110:507-19. [PMID: 7002553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
1. We present evidence suggesting a sudden switch from translational control to transcriptional control of protein synthesis in mid-exponential growth of bacterial batch cultures. At a critical cell density a switch from large to small polysomes occurs during a short period of exponential growth. The profile of specific polysomes engaged in synthesis of a constitutive enzyme, ribitol dehydrogenase, changes at the same point but in an opposite way: a linear profile peaking at monosomes changes to a dome-shaped profile peaking at about 15 ribosomes/mRNA, which persists into late exponential phase despite a gradual reduction in the total polysome population. The switch in the pattern of protein synthesis is exhibited dramatically by changes in the specific activity or ribitol dehydrogenase in cell extracts at different stages of batch culture. In early exponential phase the specific activity of the enzyme is constant, but it begins to rise suddenly, at the same point at which the polysome profiles change, and continues to increase up to the end of exponential phase. This effect is exhibited by the strains of Klebsiella aerogenes that are inducible for (in the presence of the inducer), consitutive for, or superproducers of ribitol dehydrogenase, and it appears to be unrelated to catabolite repression. 2. The above results depend on improved techniques for production of large amounts of bacterial polysomes and the ability to label nascent peptides attached to polysomes very specifically with radioactive antibody to ribitol dehydrogenase. Our success was due to the observation that sodium heparin completely abolishes non-specific interactions of the antibody with the polysomes.
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Zeuthen J, Vuust J, Karlsson T, Bennich H. IgE production in vitro by two rat myeloma tumor lines (IR2 and IR162). CELL DIFFERENTIATION 1980; 9:137-51. [PMID: 7388950 DOI: 10.1016/0045-6039(80)90038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two IgE-synthesizing rat myeloma tumor lines (IR2 and IR162) were maintained in growing cultures that were viable for prolonged periods of up to three months in the presence of primary fibroblasts. The production of IgE by explanted tumor cells was studied in short-term and long-term cultures. The IR 162 tumor line retained expression of both IgE heavy (H) and light (L) chain synthesis for up to three months under in vitro conditions, while the IR2 tumor line initially lost H chain expression after approximately one month in culture, followed by subsequent loss of L chain about one month later. Total polysomal RNA extracted from IR2 cells, before and after loss of IgE-expression, was separated by sucrose gradient centrifugation, and gradient fractions were analysed for poly(A)-containing mRNA by a [3H]poly(U)binding assay. The results for the long-term IR2 cultures showed a disappearance of mRNA sedimenting at 18-20 S and 15 S, found to represent H and L chain mRNAs, respectively. Furthermore, no IgE L chain mRNA sequences could be detected in long-term IR2 cultures when analysed by hybridization assays, using as a probe a 3H-labelled DNA complementary to IgE L chain mRNA, L chain mRNA sequences were also absent from the nuclear RNA in long-term IR2 cultures. The loss of IgE synthesis in long-term cultures of IR2 cells therefore appears to be correlated with a concomitant loss of IgE mRNA sequences indicating a dedifferentiation in vitro modulated at the transcriptional level.
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Abstract
Light- and heavy-chain synthesis was studied in six previously isolated S194-2 mouse myeloma variant lines and in the parent from which they were derived. Serological data and comparative analysis of the cyanogen bromide fragments obtained from variant and parent intracellular immunoglobulin showed that five variants which failed to secrete detectable amounts of IgA synthesized both heavy- and light-chain subunits. Whereas at least two heavy-chain populations were resolved in the parent line, one containing carbohydrate and one devoid of carbohydrate, only the heavy-chain fraction devoid of carbohydrate was detected in the variant lines. The correlation between carbohydrate deficiencies on the heavy chains and lack of immunoglobulin secretion in five independent subclones is discussed in terms of possible primary lesions and the role of carbohydrate in secretion.
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Green M, McInnes J, Graves PN, Jilka R, Yaffe L, Bailey LK, Pestka S. Cell-free translation of immunoglobulin messenger RNA from MOPC-315 plasmacytoma and MOPC-315 NP-1, a variant synthesizing only heavy chain. Arch Biochem Biophys 1977; 184:87-94. [PMID: 411424 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(77)90329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Cooke A, Feinstein A. Evidence that intracellular and secreted light chains of a mouse IgG2a plasmacytoma are monomers carrying a free thiol group. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1977; 14:627-31. [PMID: 413790 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(77)90160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Boomhour R, Baumal R. Effect of reduced temperature on cellular processing and secretion of immunoglobulin (Ig) by mouse myeloma cells. Exp Cell Res 1976; 101:383-95. [PMID: 823037 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(76)90390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Weitzman S, Scharff MD. Mouse myeloma mutants blocked in the assembly, glycosylation and secretion of immunoglobulin. J Mol Biol 1976; 102:237-52. [PMID: 818392 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(76)80051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Spontaneous variants of the IgA immunoglobulin secreting mouse myeloma, S194-2, were isolated by cloning the line on soft agar and screening for the loss of secreted S194 immunoglobulin. Because S194 IgA possesses DNP binding activity, the screening method was designed to test for clonal secretion of antibody which specifically precipitated DNP-ferritin conjugates. Precipitates formed over IgA secreting S194 clones, whereas none were evident over nonsecreting XCl clones nor IgG secreting MOPC 21 clones (MOPC 21 IgG does not bind DNP). In addition the method was sensitive to the amount of immunoglobulin secreted. By continual selection of exceptionally reactive clones with this assay, a S194 culture was obtained which secreted five to six times as much IgA as the original mass culture. Spontaneous variants were isolated from six independent subclones of this parent line with an overall frequency estimated at 2.7 X 10(-5) per cell per generation. Biochemical analysis of these variants showed that all of them secreted reduced or undetectable amounts of IgA. No variants were obtained which secreted IgA molecules altered at the DNP binding site, or which secreted immunoglobulin subunits alone. Variants of the latter class have, however, been obtained in high frequency in other myeloma strains by other investigators.
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Weintraub BD, Krauth G, Rosen SW, Babson AS. Differences between purified ectopic and normal alpha subnits of human glycoprotein hormones. J Clin Invest 1975; 56:1043-52. [PMID: 1159086 PMCID: PMC301960 DOI: 10.1172/jci108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
"Ectopic" proteins, not distinguished immunologically from the common alpha subunit of the human glycoprotein hormones, were purified approximately 10,000-fold from a gastric carcinoid tumor (A.L.-alpha) and from tissue culture medium of bronchogenic carcinoma cell lines (ChaGo-alpha). The purified A.L.-alpha was homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis while the purified ChaGo-alpha showed multiple components, some of which represented aggregated species. In SDS gel electrophoresis, the apparent molecular weights of A.L.-alpha (15,000) and dithioerythritol-reduced ChaGo-alpha (13,000) were significantly lower than those of the alpha subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-alpha), luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (22,000-23,000). Binding experiments with [35S]-SDS suggested that these apparent differences in molecular weight resulted, at least in part, from diminished binding of the SDS by the normal compared to the ectopic alpha subunits. In gel chromatography, the apparent molecular weights of A.L.-alpha (27,000) and ChaGo-alpha (30,000) were slightly higher than those of normal alpha subunits (23,000-24,000). Both A.L.-alpha and ChaGo-alpha were not distinguished from hCG-alpha in ion-exchange chromatography. The composition of A.L.-alpha was similar to that of hCG-alpha in 13 amino acids but showed decreased phenylalanine and increased valine; glucosamine was identified in both A.L.-alpha and hCG-alpha. Under conditions in which hCG-alpha combined with the hCG beta subunit (hCG-beta) to produce 95% of the expected gonadotropin-binding activity in a rat testis radioreceptor-assay, A.L.-alpha incubation with hCG-beta resulted in only 2% of the expected activity, and ChaGo-alpha incubation with hCG-beta produced no detectable activity. These characteristics of ectopic alpha subunits may reflect abnormalities of neoplastic protein synthesis or carbohydrate attachment which result in polypeptides with chemical and immunologic similarity to normal subunits but with differences in physical and combining properties; alternatively, the ectopic subunits may represent as yet unrecognized alpha precursor forms.
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Whicher JT, Davies JD, Grayburn JA. Intact and fragmented intracellular immunoglobulin in a case of non-secretory myeloma. J Clin Pathol 1975; 28:54-9. [PMID: 1123437 PMCID: PMC475594 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.28.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A patient is described with myeloma without paraproteinaemia or Bence Jones proteinuria in whom the tumour cells have been shown to contain monoclonal immunoglobulin. The use of immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has established, apparently for the first time, that the immunoglobulin components are present in the form of intact molecules and free light chains.
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Green M, Graves PN, Zehavi-Willner T, McInnes J, Pestka S. Cell-free translation of immunoglobulin messenger RNA from MOPC-315 plasmacytoma and MOPC-315 NR, a variant synthesizing only light chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:224-8. [PMID: 804169 PMCID: PMC432275 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.1.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Total poly(A)-containing mRNA was isolated from the MOPC-315 and MOPC-315 NR plasmacytomas. The RNA was further fractionated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-sucrose gradients. The MOPC-315 mRNA fractions directed the synthesis of both the heavy chain and light chain precursor of the MOPC-315 IgA protein in a cell-free extract of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. None of the MOPC-315 NR mRNA fractions tested programmed the synthesis of the heavy chain in this system. Analysis of cell-free products by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by immunoprecipitation demonstrated that no translatable heavy chain mRNA could be extracted from the MOPC-315 NR variant plasmacytoma.
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15
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Yamada KM, Weston JA. Isolation of a major cell surface glycoprotein from fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:3492-6. [PMID: 4530317 PMCID: PMC433800 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.9.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell surface component has been isolated in partially purified form from cultured chick embryo and chick heart fibroblasts. This glycoprotein is similar to a protein recently reported to be present at the surface of normal cells, and missing after neoplastic transformation. It is a major cell surface glycoprotein that is synthesized by cultured fibroblasts, but is not collagen. It is shown to be markedly trypsin-sensitive, and its recovery from the cell surface is dependent on cell density. It is excluded from Sephadex G-200, but is not rapidly sedimented by ultracentrifugation, and has an apparent molecular weight of 220,000. The isolation of this cell surface glycoprotein may now provide a means of determining its function.
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Schechter I. Use of antibodies for the isolation of biologically pure messenger ribonucleic acid from fully functional eukaryotic cells. Biochemistry 1974; 13:1875-85. [PMID: 4840832 DOI: 10.1021/bi00706a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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18
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Weintraub BD, Rosen SW. Ectopic production of the isolated beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. J Clin Invest 1973; 52:3135-42. [PMID: 4750453 PMCID: PMC302589 DOI: 10.1172/jci107513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A material similar to the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-beta) was detected in serum (300 ng/ml) and tumor extract from a 75-yr-old man with pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma. This material was indistinguishable from hCG-beta in three different types of radioimmunoassay that displayed widely varying reactions with glycoprotein trophic hormones and their subunits. In gel chromatography there appeared to be heterogeneity of the serum beta-like immunoactivity, including one component that coeluted with standard hCG-beta tracer and another immunologically indistinguishable component that displayed a slightly lower elution volume. Neither complete human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) nor its alpha subunit was detected in radioimmunoassays of serum, before or after fractionation, or in tumor extract. The absence of complete hCG was confirmed in a gonadotropin bioassay sensitive to 15 ng of hCG, which showed no bioactivity in serum or tumor extract containing 450 and 90 ng of hCG-beta, respectively. This case probably represents the first demonstration of isolated polypeptide subunit production of ectopic origin and suggests that hCG-beta, as well as other subunits, may prove useful as cancer markers.
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19
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Morkin E, Yazaki Y, Katagiri T, Laraia PJ. Comparison of the synthesis of the light and heavy chains of adult skeletal myosin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 324:420-9. [PMID: 4762419 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Delovitch TL, Boyd SL, Tsay HM, Holme G, Sehon AH. The specific immunoprecipitation of polyribosomes synthesizing an immunoglobulin light chain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 299:621-33. [PMID: 4196580 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Hajdu I, Holub M, Trebichavský I. The sequence of appearance of antibodies in mouse omentum plasma cells. Exp Cell Res 1972; 75:219-30. [PMID: 4635881 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(72)90539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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Bevan MJ, Parkhouse RM, Williamson AR, Askonas BA. Biosynthesis of immunoglobulins. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1972; 25:133-62. [PMID: 4126130 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(72)90018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Barnes MJ, Kodicek E. Biological hydroxylations and ascorbic acid with special regard to collagen metabolism. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 1972; 30:1-43. [PMID: 4344947 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Baumal R, Potter M, Scharff MD. Synthesis, assembly, and secretion of gamma globulin by mouse myeloma cells. 3. Assembly of the three subclasses of IgG. J Exp Med 1971; 134:1316-34. [PMID: 5112205 PMCID: PMC2139014 DOI: 10.1084/jem.134.5.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, assembly, and secretion of the three major subclasses of mouse IgG has been examined in 14 myeloma tumors and two cultured cell lines as well as in the cells from the popliteal lymph nodes of immunized mice. The total amount of IgG synthesized was between 15 and 43% of the cytoplasmic proteins made during a 15 min period. H(2) and H(2)L were the major precursors of IgG(2a) and IgG(1) but, in all of the tumors, HL was also an intermediate. In contrast, HL was a major precursor of IgG(2b). Most of the noncovalent and covalent assembly of IgG occurred after release of the newly synthesized H and L chains from the polyribosomes and assembly was not completed until 10 min or more after the synthesis of the polypeptide chains.
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29
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Holme G, Delovitch TL, Boyd SL, Sehon AH. The immunochemical precipitation of polyribosomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 247:104-8. [PMID: 4110619 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Roodman ST, Greenberg GR. Conditions Allowing Synthesis of Thymidylate Synthetase at the Nonpermissive Temperature in a Temperature-sensitive thy Mutant Normally Blocked in Its Translation. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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31
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Parkhouse RM. Immunoglobulin M biosynthesis. Production of intermediates and excess of light-chain in mouse myeloma MOPC 104E. Biochem J 1971; 123:635-41. [PMID: 5126913 PMCID: PMC1177005 DOI: 10.1042/bj1230635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) biosynthesis was studied with mouse plasma-cell tumour MOPC 104E as a model system. Cell suspensions prepared from solid tumours were incubated in vitro with [(3)H]leucine; the radioactivity incorporated into intracellular and secreted proteins was analysed by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The tumour secretes IgM and light chains. ;Pulse-chase' experiments indicated average secretion times of 1.5h for light chain and 2.5h for IgM. The order of disulphide-bond assembly within the cell was shown to be heavy chain+light chain --> heavy chain-light chain intermediate --> IgMs. The 7S subunit (IgMs) was polymerized into IgM just before or at the time of secretion. Measurements of heavy-chain/light-chain radioactivity ratios in intracellular HL and IgMs and secreted IgM demonstrated the existence of a light-chain pool participating in IgM biosynthesis. The size of the light-chain pool, together with analysis of clones isolated in vivo, suggested that the tumour contains cells in which light-chain synthesis is in excess of heavy-chain production.
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32
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Björk I, Tanford C. Recovery of native conformation of rabbit immunoglobulin G upon recombination of separately renatured heavy and light chains at near-neutral pH. Biochemistry 1971; 10:1289-95. [PMID: 4996348 DOI: 10.1021/bi00784a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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33
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Sherr CJ, Uhr JW. Immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion. VI. Synthesis and intracellular transport of immunoglobulin in nonsecretory lymphoma cells. J Exp Med 1971; 133:901-20. [PMID: 5547061 PMCID: PMC2138957 DOI: 10.1084/jem.133.4.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells from an established line of Burkitt's lymphoma (Daudi) and a mouse myeloma (P(3)K) were pulse-labeled in vitro with (3)H-leucine, and immunoglobulin was immunologically precipitated from cell lysates and secretions. In contrast to P(3)K cells, Daudi cells synthesize a small amount of Ig which is not secreted. Subcellular fractionation experiments indicated that Ig of Daudi cells is synthesized on membrane-bound polyribosomes and enters the cisternae of the microsomes. Ig in the microsomes could be labeled with either (3)H-galactose or (3)H-fucose suggesting that transport proceeds to the Golgi complex. Additional evidence indicates that Ig molecules are transported to the plasma membrane but are not cleaved from the cell surface. These results together with other studies of Burkitt lymphoma cells suggest that the Daudi line may represent a clone of neoplastic cells derived from normal lymphocytes which synthesize but do not secrete Ig. Similarities between lymphoma cells and antigen-binding cells are discussed.
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34
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Laskov R, Lanzerotti R, Scharff MD. Synthesis, assembly and secretion of gamma globulin by mouse myeloma cells. II. Assembly of IgG2b immunoglobulin by MPC 11 tumor and culture cells. J Mol Biol 1971; 56:327-39. [PMID: 5102530 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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35
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Vassalli P, Lisowska-Bernstein B, Lamm ME. Cell-free synthesis of rat immunoglobulin. 3. Analysis of the cell-free made chains and of their mode of assembly. J Mol Biol 1971; 56:1-19. [PMID: 4102338 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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37
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Paraf A, Moyne MA, Duplan JF, Scherrer R, Stanislawski M, Bettane M, Lelievre L, Rouze P, Dubert JM. Differentiation of mouse plasmocytomas in vitro: two phenotypically stabilized variants of the same cell. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 67:983-90. [PMID: 5289035 PMCID: PMC283302 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.67.2.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse myelomas from Balb/c and C3H mice were established in tissue culture for more than 200 passages. When allowed to attach to a surface, they differentiated into two stabilized forms, one of which was fibroblast-shaped, grew without contact inhibition, and could be transplanted back to mice. The other had the morphology of epithelial cells, showed contact inhibition, and was not transplantable back to mice. For one strain (MOPC 173) it was demonstrated that both types of cells synthesize molecules with idiotypic determinants of the original myeloma protein. The relationship between the host cells and a leukemia-type virus present in the original tumor cells has been studied during different stages of cellular differentiation.
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38
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Buxbaum J, Franklin EC, Scharff MD. Immunoglobulin M heavy chain disease: intracellular origin of the mu chain fragment. Science 1970; 169:770-3. [PMID: 5464612 DOI: 10.1126/science.169.3947.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cells obtained from a patient with mu heavy chain disease synthesize a mu heavy chain fragment with a molecular weight of 55,000. The fragment is detected intracellularly after short labeling times and then is assembled inside the cell and secreted as a disulfide-linked polymer.
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39
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Schubert D. Immunoglobulin biosynthesis. IV. Carbohydrate attachment to immunoglobulin subunits. J Mol Biol 1970; 51:287-301. [PMID: 5530394 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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40
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Zolla S, Buxbaum J, Franklin EC, Scharff MD. Synthesis and assembly of immunoglobulins by malignant human plasmacytes. I. Myelomas producing gamma-chains and light chains. J Exp Med 1970; 132:148-62. [PMID: 5508244 PMCID: PMC2138755 DOI: 10.1084/jem.132.1.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Three basic patterns of gamma-globulin synthesis are described in malignant human plasmacytes: extreme unbalanced synthesis where only L chains are synthesized; unbalanced synthesis in which intact gammaG globulin and an excess of free L chains are synthesized and secreted; and balanced synthesis where H and L chains appear to be synthesized in equimolar amounts. Studies of the cellular products appear to reflect the biosynthetic processes of the cells in a more reliable fashion than does analysis of serum or urinary proteins. The absence of Bence Jones proteins from the urine does not necessarily indicate that free L chains are not being synthesized and secreted at the cellular level. Similarly, the completed globulin molecule secreted by malignant plasma cells may not be demonstrable by examination of serum. Patterns of globulin synthesis in human myelomatous tissues vary as do patterns of globulin synthesis in mouse plasmacytomas. Pulse-chase studies of the cells from one patient showed that a gammaG myeloma protein was assembled via an HL (half molecule) intermediate.
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Watson J, Ralph P, Sarkar S, Cohn M. Leukemia viruses associated with mouse myeloma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 66:344-51. [PMID: 4317914 PMCID: PMC283050 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.66.2.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloma cells derived from BALB/c and C3H mice show evidence of infection by a murine leumemia virus. The immunoglobulin-producing myelomas secrete an RNA-containing virus with a density of 1.20 to 1.22 gm/cm(3). RNA with a sedimentation coefficient of 74 S in 0.1 M sodium sodium chloride has been isolated from secreted virus particles and has a base composition similar to that found for other murine leukemia virus RNA. An intracellular virus particle has been partially purified and has a density of 1.29 to 1.32 gm/cm(3). Both extracellular and intracellular virus particles contain the leukemia virus group-specific antigen.
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Suzuki I, Takahashi M, Itoh S. Ultrastructural study of human myeloma cells in relation to its function. J Clin Pathol 1970; 23:339-50. [PMID: 4193897 PMCID: PMC476755 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.23.4.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of neoplastic plasma cells from a patient with prolonged multiple myeloma was studied in relation to its function, that is, the secretion of immunoglobulin light chain. Peroxidase-labelled antibodies, each monospecific to its immunoglobulin component chain, were used to localize intracellular immunoglobulin within myeloma cells under the electron microscope. By this method, only the kappa type light chain was detected within myeloma cells in bone marrow tissue of this patient, indicating that the occurrence of free kappa type light chains in serum and urine was due to the cessation of heavy chain synthesis within the myeloma cells. The kappa chain was demonstrated as conspicuous electron-dense precipitates in ergastoplasm, its cisternal space, external layer of nuclear membrane, and ribosomes associated with ergastoplasm and nuclear membrane. No immunoglobulin was demonstrated in an atypical Golgi complex, an organelle which is ordinarily engaged in protein synthesis. Numerous crystalline structures and similar inclusion bodies found in myeloma cells appeared to have arisen from the Golgi area, but they did not ever react with the peroxidase label. Discharge of the kappa chain from the cell seems to be carried out through cell fragmentation, possibly caused by progressive distension of the ergastoplasmic cavity.
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Laskov R, Scharff MD. Synthesis, assembly, and secretion of gamma globulin by mouse myeloma cells. I. Adaptation of the Merwin plasma cell tumor-11 to culture, cloning, and characterization of gamma globulin subunits. J Exp Med 1970; 131:515-41. [PMID: 4189836 PMCID: PMC2138817 DOI: 10.1084/jem.131.3.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MPC-11 myeloma tumor cells were adapted to growth in continuous culture. The cultured cells resembled the parent tumor in that they produced the fully assembled gamma globulin molecules as well as six unassembled molecules. Although cultured and tumor cells synthesized excess light chains, the molar ratio of light (L) to heavy (H) chains was approximately 1.7:1 in the culture, and 3.5:1 in the tumor. The cultured cells also produced fewer half molecules and free light chains than the parent tumor. Peptide column analysis did not reveal differences in the primary structure of the H chains derived from the parent tumor and the culture. The L chains may have differed by a minor peptide. As much as 20% of the newly labeled cytoplasmic proteins and almost 100% of the proteins secreted by the cultured myeloma cells could be precipitated by specific antiserum. The immune precipitates contained seven different gamma globulin molecules, six of which were characterized according to their molecular size and H and L chain content as fully assembled molecules (H(2)L(2)), heavy chain dimers (H(2)), half molecules (HL), H, light chain dimers (L(2)), and L chains. All gamma globulin subunits as well as the complete H(2)L(2) molecule were produced and secreted by splenic clones of the parent MPC-11 tumor, and agar clones of the cultured cells. This indicates that the various gamma globulin subunits were produced by the same cell and did not reflect cellular heterogeneity with respect to gamma globulin synthesis.
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Coffino P, Laskov R, Scharff MD. Immunoglobulin production: method for quantitatively detecting variant myeloma cells. Science 1970; 167:186-8. [PMID: 4188146 DOI: 10.1126/science.167.3915.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mouse myeloma cells in continuous culture were cloned in soft agar. The clones were assayed for their ability to synthesize heavy and light chains of gamma globulin by immunoprecipitation directly in the agar. A minor population secreting only light chains was identified. The two cell types were recloned and a low incidence of conversion of 7S to light-chain production was demonstrated. This technique can be used to isolate rare variants of cells secreting specific macromolecules.
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Milstein C, Pink JR. Structure and evolution of immunoglobulins. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1970; 21:209-63. [PMID: 4194548 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(70)90026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Seligmann M, Mihaesco E, Hurez D, Mihaesco C, Preud'homme JL, Rambaud JC. Immunochemical studies in four cases of alpha chain disease. J Clin Invest 1969; 48:2374-89. [PMID: 4982231 PMCID: PMC297495 DOI: 10.1172/jci106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of a number of properties of the pathological gammaA-proteins in the first four cases of the recently recognized alpha-chain disease demonstrate that, as in gamma-heavy-chain disease, the abnormal protein is devoid of light chains and represents a portion of the alpha-heavy chain related to the Fc-fragment. In two patients, serum electrophoresis showed a broad abnormal band, whereas in the two others the pathological protein was not noticeable on the electrophoretic pattern. The diagnosis of alpha-chain disease can be established without purification of the protein by immuno-electrophoresis and gel diffusion experiments using selected antisera to gammaA and a reference alpha-chain disease protein. All four proteins belonged to the alpha1-subclass, displayed electrophoretic heterogeneity, and showed a strong tendency to polymerize. The polymers occurred in vivo and were held together both by disulfide bonds and by strong noncovalent forces. Two of the three purified proteins had a very high carbohydrate content. The abnormal protein was always found in concentrated urines in variable but generally low amounts. It was not detected in parotid saliva but was present in significant amounts in jejunal fluid of all four patients. The alpha-chain disease protein was shown to be associated with the secretory piece in external secretions of two patients. The clinicopathological features were strikingly similar in the four patients. All patients were affected with a neoplastic and mostly plasmacytic proliferation involving primarily the whole length of the small intestine and the mesenteric nodes and all exhibited a severe malabsorption syndrome. While Israeli authors have emphasized the frequency of this type of abdominal lymphoma in young Arabs and non-Ashkenazi Jews, two of our patients were Kabyles, one a Syrian Arab, and one an Eurasian. Cellular studies showed that the pathological protein was synthesized by the proliferating cells in the lymphoid tissue of the digestive tract and in the mesenteric nodes, and that there was no detectable light-chain synthesis at the intracellular level.
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Vigliani EC. Yant Memorial Lecture. The biopathology of cadmium. AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1969; 30:329-40. [PMID: 4183938 DOI: 10.1080/00028896909343132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Schubert D, Horibata K. Immunoglobulin biosynthesis. II. Four independently isolated myeloma variants. J Mol Biol 1968; 38:263-71. [PMID: 4180612 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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