1
|
Ma Z, Qiao WT, Xuan CH, Xie JH, Chen QM, Geng YQ. Detection and analysis of bovine foamy virus infection by an indicator cell line. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:994-1000. [PMID: 17588335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the infectivity and replication strategy of bovine foamy virus (BFV) in different cultured cells using the BFV indicator cell line (BICL) system. METHODS BFV infection was induced by the co-culture method or the transient transfection of the infectious BFV plasmid [pCMV (cytomegalovirus) - BFV] clone. The infectivity of BFV was monitored by the percentage of green fluorescent protein-positive cells in the BICL. The effect of reverse transcriptase inhibitor zidovudine (AZT) on BFV replication was also evaluated in the BICL. RESULTS The titer of BFV in fetal bovine lung cells was 4-5-folds more than that in either 293T or HeLa (Cells from Henrietta lacks) cells using the co-culture method, and in the meantime was significantly higher than that produced by the infectious clone pCMV-BFV in the same cells. AZT had only a minor effect on viral titers when added to cells prior to the virus infection. In contrast, viral titers reduced sharply to the level of the negative control when the virus was produced from cells in the presence of AZT. CONCLUSIONS BICL can be used for the titration of the BFV viral infection in non-cytopathic condition. In addition, we provide important evidence to show that reverse transcription is essential for BFV replication at a late step of viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Phung HTT, Tohya Y, Shimojima M, Kato K, Miyazawa T, Akashi H. Establishment of a GFP-based indicator cell line to quantitate feline foamy virus. J Virol Methods 2003; 109:125-31. [PMID: 12711054 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(03)00062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To quantitate infectious feline foamy virus (FeFV), Crandell feline kidney (CRFK) cells were transfected with the gfp gene under the control of the FeFV long terminal repeat (LTR) for establishing an indicator cell line named FFG cells. The FeFV activates promoter activity of the LTR to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) upon infection. The titers determined by GFP-positive FFG cells (GFP-based assay) were higher than those determined by the cytopathic effects-positive CRFK cells (CPE-based assay). The titers determined by the GFP-based assay reached a plateau at 3-4 days post infection (d.p.i.), while those by the CPE-based assay reached 6-8 d.p.i. When stock viruses of various FeFV strains were titrated by both assays, titers determined by both assays correlated well with each other. The results show that the GFP-based assay is simpler and more rapid and sensitive than the CPE-based assay. Using the GFP-based assay, we examined the in vitro host range of FeFV. It was found that FeFV can productively infect various cell lines derived from cats, dogs, chickens, a human and a bat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang T T Phung
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Human foamy virus (HFV) is a retrovirus of the spumavirus family. We have constructed vectors based on HFV that encode neomycin phosphotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. These vectors are able to transduce a wide variety of vertebrate cells by integration of the vector genome. Unlike vectors based on murine leukemia virus, HFV vectors are not inactivated by human serum, and they transduce stationary-phase cultures more efficiently than murine leukemia virus vectors. These properties, as well as their large packaging capacity, make HFV vectors promising gene transfer vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D W Russell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu SF, Linial ML. Analysis of the role of the bel and bet open reading frames of human foamy virus by using a new quantitative assay. J Virol 1993; 67:6618-24. [PMID: 8411364 PMCID: PMC238099 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.11.6618-6624.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have constructed a BHK-21-derived indicator cell line containing a single integrated copy of the beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) gene under control of the human foamy virus (HFV) long terminal repeat promoter (from -533 to +20). These foamy virus-activated beta-Gal expression (FAB) cells can be used in a quantitative assay to measure the infectious titer of HFV. Our results show that the FAB assay is 50 times more sensitive than determination of the virus titer by the end-point dilution method. Using the FAB assay, we have found that HFV can productively replicate in several erythroblastoid cell lines as well as in the Jurkat T-cell line. We have also examined the roles of bel2, bet, and bel3 in viral replication by constructing proviral HFV clones in which the reading frame of Bel2, Bet, or Bel3 is disrupted by placement of translation stop codons. Analysis of these mutants reveals that while the bel3 gene is not required for viral replication in vitro, mutations in the bel2 or bet gene decrease cell-free viral transmission approximately 10-fold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S F Yu
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104-2092
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rhodes-Feuillette A, Lasneret J, Paulien S, Ogunkolade W, Periés J, Canivet M. Effects of human recombinant alpha and gamma and of highly purified natural beta interferons on simian Spumavirinae prototype (simian foamy virus 1) multiplication in human cells. RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY 1990; 141:31-43. [PMID: 1691523 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2516(90)90054-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the inhibitory effect of human recombinant interferons (r-Hu-IFN) alpha and gamma, and that of highly purified natural human interferon beta on the replication of simian foamy virus type 1 (SFV1) in human AV3-cell cultures. All IFN led to strong inhibition of the SFV1 cytopathic effect. Electron microscopy showed a 70 to 95% decrease in viral particles. Significant inhibition of virus-associated reverse transcriptase activity was found in supernatant fluids of infected IFN-treated cultures. Metabolic labelling of the virus confirmed the inhibition of extracellular release of SFV1. PAGE analysis of immunoprecipitates indicated a reduction in viral-specific protein bands. Altogether, these results indicate that the mechanism of inhibition of Spumavirinae infection by interferon differs from that described for the other Retroviridae, and particularly for types B, C and D viruses. Our data is of therapeutic interest since Spumavirinae have been linked to pathological processes such as de Quervain thyroiditis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Garry RF, Gottlieb AA, Zuckerman KP, Pace JR, Frank TW, Bostick DA. Cell surface effects of human immunodeficiency virus. Biosci Rep 1988; 8:35-48. [PMID: 3293665 PMCID: PMC7088091 DOI: 10.1007/bf01128970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/1988] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell killing by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is thought to contribute to many of the defects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two types of cytopathology are observed in HIV-infected cultured cells: cell-cell fusion and killing of single cells. Both killing processes appear to involve cell surface effects of HIV. A model is proposed for the HIV-mediated cell surface processes which could result in cell-cell fusion and single cell killing. The purpose of this model is to define the potential roles of individual viral envelope and cell surface molecules in cell killing processes and to identify alternative routes to the establishment of persistently-infected cells. Elucidation of HIV-induced cell surface effects may provide the basis for a rational approach to the design of antiviral agents which are selective for HIV-infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R F Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ellis TM, Wilcox GE, Robinson WF. Characteristics of cell fusion induced by a caprine retrovirus. Arch Virol 1985; 86:263-73. [PMID: 2998302 DOI: 10.1007/bf01309830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of cell-fusion induced by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) was investigated. Following infection with concentrated CAEV, cell fusion occurred prior to the production of infectious progeny virus. The time of initial detection of cell fusion was dependent on the multiplicity of infection and was not detected until 5 hours after infection. The virus-induced cell fusion was only partially inhibited by ultraviolet irradiation of the virus and was not inhibited by cytosine arabinoside. The results indicated that fusion by CAEV was a slow response to direct interaction of input virus with cells (fusion from without) and that virus replication was not required.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chatterjee S, Bradac J, Hunter E. Effect of tunicamycin on cell fusion induced by Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. J Virol 1981; 38:770-6. [PMID: 7241666 PMCID: PMC171207 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.38.2.770-776.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, a D-type retrovirus, has been shown to induce multinucleate cell (syncytium) formation or cell fusion in several normal primate cells. A series of experiments has been carried out to examine whether a glycosylated "fusion-inducing" product is responsible for this biological property of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. Treatment of rhesus monkey fetal lung cells with different concentrations of tunicamycin, a potent inhibitor of glycosylation, during infection with Mason-Pfizer monkey virus had no effect on cell fusion even though up to 5 micrograms of the drug per ml was tested. Furthermore, no significant effect on the extent of syncytium formation in rhesus monkey fetal lung cells was observed when the time of addition or duration of treatment with this inhibitor was varied. Nevertheless, tunicamycin was very effective in blocking glycosylation in rhesus cells since virions produced in the presence of this drug completely lacked gp70 and gp20, the two structural glycoproteins of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. These non-glycosylated virus particles produced in the presence of tunicamycin were noninfectious as determined by a protein A binding assay and were unable to induce syncytium formation when assayed on rhesus cells. These results indicate that glycosylation of the fusion-inducing product is not required for multinucleate cell formation induced by Mason Pfizer monkey virus.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Successful cultivation and titration of Borna disease virus in cell cultures enabled detailed studies of the virus properties. Borna virus is labile towards treatment with heat, pH 3.0 and lipid solvents. It is relatively stable at low temperatures and in frozen state. It is easily inactivated by ultraviolet light as e.g. vesicular stomatitis virus. After ultrafiltration studies, the size of the infectious virus unit is between 80 and 100 nm. Its buoyant density in cesium chloride is 1.165 g per ml. The one step multiplication curve shows that Borna virus has a replication cycle of about 2 days in BSC 1 cells. In growth experiments using antimetabilites it behaves like certain RNA containing viruses. As its multiplication is not inhibited by bromo- and iododeoxyuridine and actinomycin D, no DNA step seems to be involved in virus synthesis. Regarding these properties and the intracellular antigen distribution as shown by fluorescent antibodies, it is not possible to attribute Borna virus to any of the established virus groups.
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Ellis TM, MacKenzie JS, Wilcox GE, Cook RD. Isolation of feline syncytia-forming virus from oropharyngeal swabs of cats. Aust Vet J 1979; 55:202-3. [PMID: 464946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1979.tb15288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
12
|
Gould EA, Hartley J. Factors affecting the growth and titration by immunofluorescence of simian foamy virus. Arch Virol 1979; 62:63-70. [PMID: 231947 DOI: 10.1007/bf01314904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents some observations concerned with the growth of simian foamy virus and some modifications which should be introduced to the fluorescence assay of foamy virus. The modified procedure is the most sensitive method described for the titration of foamy virus. Examination of the optimal conditions for the growth and titration by fluorescence assay of simian foamy virus showed that the virus was particularly sensitive to changes in virus and cell concentration. At the low cell concentrations employed previously a "saturation-type" response was obtained with high titre virus and virus adsorption efficiency was decreased as input virus was diluted. Maximum virus production was obtained with high cell concentrations at input multiplicities of 5 and 10. At high multiplicities of infection more than 90 per cent of the cells adsorbed virus but only 45 per cent became infected, this appeared to be related to cell DNA synthesis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chiswell DJ, Pringle CR. Feline syncytium-forming virus proviral DNA. Time of synthesis and relationship to the host cell genome. Virology 1978; 90:344-50. [PMID: 569393 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
14
|
Manning JS, Griesemer RA. Viruses detected in cells explanted into tissue culture from naturally occurring malignant lymphoma in rhesus monkeys. Curr Microbiol 1978; 1:157-62. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02601669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
15
|
Liu WT, Natori T, Chang KS, Wu AM. Reverse transcriptase of foamy virus. Purification of the enzymes and immunological identification. Arch Virol 1977; 55:187-200. [PMID: 74244 DOI: 10.1007/bf01319905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase from foamy virus, strain H4188 was estimated and purified. The enzyme has the following characteristics: 1. The reaction utilized preferentially oligo (dT) poly (rA) as a primer-template; however, the synthetic primer-template oligo (dT) poly (dA) could also be used to some extent. 2. The reaction utilized oligo (dG) poly (rC) as a primer-template with very low efficiency. 3. The crude virus preparation had a detectable endogenous reaction using the four deoxyribonucleotides for DNA polymerization. 4. The cation requirement for the enzyme reaction was much more biased for Mn++ than for Mg++ ions. 5. The molecular weight of the partially-purified enzyme was estimated to be about 80,000. Aggregates of 240,000 daltons were also seen. The activity of this enzyme was not inhibited by antisera against the reverse transcriptases of various type C RNA viruses, namely, feline endogenous leukemia virus, RD 114, Woolly simian sarcoma virus (SSV-1) and avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). Antiserum against Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) enzyme was marginally active against foamy virus enzyme, perhaps indicating a slight cross-reaction. The biochemical characteristics of foamy virus reverse transcriptase seemed to be very close to those of the type C RNA viruses, but the immunological reaction proved that the foamy virus reverse transcriptase was distinct from the others.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Members of four different groups of animal viruses are known to cause cancer in animals. (Only two of them, the leukoviruses and herpesviruses, cause cancer in nonlaboratory situations.) All the members of these groups of viruses form integrated viral DNA in infected cells. However, the efficiencies with which they cause cancer vary by over a dozen orders of magnitude. These differences in efficiency are a result of differences in efficiency of formation and expression of the genes for neoplastic transformation. Four models of mechanisms for formation of the genes for neoplastic transformation are presented. Two involve the formation of new DNA sequences. No efficient human cancer‐causing viruses are known. Therefore, it is proposed that human cancer is a result of formation of the genes for neoplastic transformation by misevolution of a normal cellular information transferring process. This misevolution is caused by chemicals, physical agents, or viruses.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhdanov VM, Parfanovich MI. Integration of measles virus nucleic acid into the cell genome. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1974; 45:225-34. [PMID: 4138477 DOI: 10.1007/bf01249685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
18
|
Todaro GJ, Benveniste RE, Lieber MM, Sherr CJ. Characterization of a type C virus released from the porcine cell line PK(15). Virology 1974; 58:65-74. [PMID: 4132403 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
19
|
Bykovsky AF, Irlin IS, Zhdanov VM. A new group of oncornaviruses. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1974; 45:144-8. [PMID: 4137507 DOI: 10.1007/bf01240553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
20
|
RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase—Properties and Functions in Oncogenic RNA Viruses and Cells1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
21
|
Temin HM. The cellular and molecular biology of RNA tumor viruses, especially avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses, and their relatives. Adv Cancer Res 1974; 19:47-104. [PMID: 4137243 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
22
|
Boothe AD, Van der Maaten AJ. Ultrastructural studies of a visna-like syncytia-producing virus from cattle with lymphocytosis. J Virol 1974; 13:197-204. [PMID: 4129840 PMCID: PMC355275 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.13.1.197-204.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A virus structurally similar to viruses associated with maedi, progressive pneumonia, and visna of sheep has been isolated from buffy coat cells of cattle with chronic lymphocytosis. Electron microscope studies revealed three variants of the virion: (i) an intracytoplasmic form 98 to 116 nm in diameter when occurring in a nonlaminated form, (ii) a budding form 120 to 130 nm in diameter, and (iii) an extracellular form 80 to 130 nm in diameter and containing a 30 to 43 nm eccentrically located electron-dense core.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sabine M, Love DN. Feline "foamy" viruses: incidence in Australia. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1973; 43:397-400. [PMID: 4362935 DOI: 10.1007/bf01556158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
24
|
Hooks JJ, Gibbs CJ, Chou S, Howk R, Lewis M, Gajdusek DC. Isolation of a new simian foamy virus from a spider monkey brain culture. Infect Immun 1973; 8:804-13. [PMID: 4201323 PMCID: PMC422931 DOI: 10.1128/iai.8.5.804-813.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A syncytium-forming (foamy) virus was isolated from a spider monkey brain cell culture. Cytopathic effect was observed both in the brain culture and in human embryonic kidney cells. Neutralizing antibody was present in the sera of the spider monkey from whom the isolation was made. The virus was inhibited by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (20 mug/ml), contained a ribonucleic acid-dependent deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase, and had an infectivity peak at 1.15 g/cm(3) in a sucrose density gradient. The virus passed through a 220-nm but not a 100-nm membrane filter, was chloroform sensitive, and was inactivated at 56 C in 30 min. Hemagglutinating and hemadsorption activity was not noted with a variety of erythrocytes. The virion was spherical, formed in the cytoplasm, and was 105 to 115 nm in diameter. Ring-shaped nucleoids, 45 to 50 nm in diameter, were associated with tubular profiles. The virus was not neutralized by sera prepared against known viruses, including simian foamy virus types 1 through 7, Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, and bovine syncytial and measles viruses. Sera from a rabbit hyperimmunized with the isolate and sera from 19 spider monkeys had neutralizing antibody to the isolate; however, these sera did not cross-react with simian foamy virus types 1 through 7. Neutralizing antibody to the isolate was not detected in sera from 16 humans, 9 rhesus monkeys, and 10 chimpanzees.
Collapse
|
25
|
Young D, Samuels J, Clarke JK. A foamy virus of possible human origin isolated in BHK-21 cells. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1973; 42:228-34. [PMID: 4127785 DOI: 10.1007/bf01265647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
26
|
Scher W, Preisler HD, Friend C. Hemoglobin synthesis in murine virus-induced leukemic cells in vitro. 3. Effects of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. J Cell Physiol 1973; 81:63-70. [PMID: 4734417 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040810108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
27
|
Abstract
Antibodies were prepared against the DNA polymerases (reverse transcriptases) of three potentially oncogenic RNA viruses of primates. Two type C viruses, isolated from a woolly monkey fibrosarcoma and from a gibbon ape lymphosarcoma, have polymerases that are immunologically related to each other and are distinct from the type C viruses isolated from other mammals.
Collapse
|