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Britez JD, Rodriguez AE, Di Ciaccio L, Marugán-Hernandez V, Tomazic ML. What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites Eimeria? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1295. [PMID: 37374079 DOI: 10.3390/life13061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry is the first source of animal protein for human consumption. In a changing world, this sector is facing new challenges, such as a projected increase in demand, higher standards of food quality and safety, and reduction of environmental impact. Chicken coccidiosis is a highly widespread enteric disease caused by Eimeria spp. which causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide; however, the impact on family poultry holders or backyard production-which plays a key role in food security in small communities and involves mainly rural women-has been little explored. Coccidiosis disease is controlled by good husbandry measures, chemoprophylaxis, and/or live vaccination. The first live vaccines against chicken coccidiosis were developed in the 1950s; however, after more than seven decades, none has reached the market. Current limitations on their use have led to research in next-generation vaccines based on recombinant or live-vectored vaccines. Next-generation vaccines are required to control this complex parasitic disease, and for this purpose, protective antigens need to be identified. In this review, we have scrutinised surface proteins identified so far in Eimeria spp. affecting chickens. Most of these surface proteins are anchored to the parasite membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule. The biosynthesis of GPIs, as well as the role of currently identified surface proteins and interest as vaccine candidates has been summarised. The potential role of surface proteins in drug resistance and immune escape and how these could limit the efficacy of control strategies was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica Daiana Britez
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, IPVET, INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686, Argentina
| | - Anabel Elisa Rodriguez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, IPVET, INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686, Argentina
| | - Lucía Di Ciaccio
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, IPVET, INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686, Argentina
| | | | - Mariela Luján Tomazic
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, IPVET, INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
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Abstract
Apicomplexans are important pathogens that cause severe infections in humans and animals. The biology and pathogeneses of these parasites have shown that proteins are intrinsically modulated during developmental transitions, physiological processes and disease progression. Also, proteins are integral components of parasite structural elements and organelles. Among apicomplexan parasites, Eimeria species are an important disease aetiology for economically important animals wherein identification and characterisation of proteins have been long-winded. Nonetheless, this review seeks to give a comprehensive overview of constitutively expressed Eimeria proteins. These molecules are discussed across developmental stages, organelles and sub-cellular components vis-à-vis their biological functions. In addition, hindsight and suggestions are offered with intention to summarise the existing trend of eimerian protein characterisation and to provide a baseline for future studies.
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3
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Liu L, Huang X, Liu J, Li W, Ji Y, Tian D, Tian L, Yang X, Xu L, Yan R, Li X, Song X. Identification of common immunodominant antigens of Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima by immunoproteomic analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34935-34945. [PMID: 28432276 PMCID: PMC5471023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical chicken coccidiosis is mostly caused by simultaneous infection of several Eimeria species, and host immunity against Eimeria is species-specific. It is urgent to identify common immunodominant antigen of Eimeria for developing multivalent anticoccidial vaccines. In this study, sporozoite proteins of Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). Western bot analysis was performed on the yielded 2DE gel using antisera of E. tenella E. acervulina and E. maxima respectively. Next, the detected immunodominant spots were identified by comparing the data from MALDI-TOF-MS/MS with available databases. Finally, Eimeria common antigens were identified by comparing amino acid sequence between the three Eimeria species. The results showed that analysis by 2DE of sporozoite proteins detected 629, 626 and 632 protein spots from E. tenella, E. acervulina and E. maxima respectively. Western bot analysis revealed 50 (E. tenella), 64 (E. acervulina) and 57 (E. maxima) immunodominant spots from the sporozoite 2DE gels of the three Eimeria species. The immunodominant spots were identified as 33, 27 and 25 immunodominant antigens of E. tenella, E. acervulina and E. maxima respectively. Fifty-four immunodominant proteins were identified as 18 ortholog proteins among the three Eimeria species. Finally, 5 of the 18 ortholog proteins were identified as common immunodominant antigens including elongation factor 2 (EF-2), 14-3-3 protein, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme domain-containing protein (UCE) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). In conclusion, our results not only provide Eimeria sporozoite immunodominant antigen map and additional immunodominant antigens, but also common immunodominant antigens for developing multivalent anticoccidial vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianrui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yihong Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Di Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lu Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinchao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Bussière FI, Brossier F, Le Vern Y, Niepceron A, Silvestre A, de Sablet T, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Laurent F. Reduced parasite motility and micronemal protein secretion by a p38 MAPK inhibitor leads to a severe impairment of cell invasion by the apicomplexan parasite Eimeria tenella. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116509. [PMID: 25689363 PMCID: PMC4331428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
E. tenella infection is associated with a severe intestinal disease leading to high economic losses in poultry industry. Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are implicated in early response to infection and are divided in three pathways: p38, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Our objective was to determine the importance of these kinases on cell invasion by E. tenella. We evaluated the effect of specific inhibitors (ERK: PD98059, JNKII: SP600125, p38 MAPK: SB203580) on the invasion of epithelial cells. Incubation of SP600125 and SB203580 with epithelial cells and parasites significantly inhibited cell invasion with the highest degree of inhibition (90%) for SB203580. Silencing of the host p38α MAPK expression by siRNA led to only 20% decrease in cell invasion. In addition, when mammalian epithelial cells were pre-treated with SB203580, and washed prior infection, a 30% decrease in cell invasion was observed. This decrease was overcome when a p38 MAPK activator, anisomycin was added during infection. This suggests an active but limited role of the host p38 MAPK in this process. We next determined whether SB203580 has a direct effect on the parasite. Indeed, parasite motility and secretion of micronemal proteins (EtMIC1, 2, 3 and 5) that are involved in cell invasion were both decreased in the presence of the inhibitor. After chasing the inhibitor, parasite motility and secretion of micronemal proteins were restored and subsequently cell invasion. SB203580 inhibits cell invasion by acting partly on the host cell and mainly on the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise I. Bussière
- Apicomplexes et Immunité Mucosale, INRA, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabien Brossier
- Apicomplexes et Immunité Mucosale, INRA, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Yves Le Vern
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France
- Plate-forme d’Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules, Laboratoire de Cytométrie et Fluorimétrie, INRA, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Alisson Niepceron
- Apicomplexes et Immunité Mucosale, INRA, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Anne Silvestre
- Apicomplexes et Immunité Mucosale, INRA, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Thibaut de Sablet
- Apicomplexes et Immunité Mucosale, INRA, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé
- Apicomplexes et Immunité Mucosale, INRA, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Laurent
- Apicomplexes et Immunité Mucosale, INRA, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37000 Tours, France
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Dalloul RA, Lillehoj HS. Poultry coccidiosis: recent advancements in control measures and vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 5:143-63. [PMID: 16451116 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.5.1.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is recognized as the major parasitic disease of poultry and is caused by the apicomplexan protozoan Eimeria. Coccidiosis seriously impairs the growth and feed utilization of infected animals resulting in loss of productivity. Conventional disease control strategies rely heavily on chemoprophylaxis and, to a certain extent, live vaccines. Combined, these factors inflict tremendous economic losses to the world poultry industry in excess of USD 3 billion annually. Increasing regulations and bans on the use of anticoccidial drugs coupled with the associated costs in developing new drugs and live vaccines increases the need for the development of novel approaches and alternative control strategies for coccidiosis. This paper aims to review the current progress in understanding the host immune response to Eimeria and discuss current and potential strategies being developed for coccidiosis control in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami A Dalloul
- Animal & Natural Resources Institute, BARC-East, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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6
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Ma D, Gao M, Li J, Ma C, Li G. Construction of novel cytokine by fusion of chicken IL-2 signal peptide to mature chicken IL-15 and comparison of the adjuvant effects by DNA immunization against Eimeria challenge. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:114-20. [PMID: 24139475 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel fusion cytokine was constructed by replacing signal peptide (SP) of chicken IL-15 (ChIL-15) with SP of chicken IL-2 (ChIL-2). The fusion cytokine (NChIL-15) was cloned into the expression vector pcDNA3.1(+) to generate pcDNA-NChIL-15. An animal experiment was carried out to evaluate the adjuvant effects of NChIL-15 on DNA vaccine pcDNA-3-1E against Eimeria acervulina challenge. The mRNA profiles of ChIL-2 and ChIFN-γ in spleen were characterized by means of real-time PCR. The recombinant positive eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA-NChIL-15 were constructed successfully. The protective effects provided by co-immunization with 100 μg pcDNA-3-1E and 50 μg pcDNA-NChIL-15, measured by relative body weight gain (BWG), average lesion score in duodenum and oocyst decrease ratio, showed no significant difference with 50 μg pcDNA-ChIL-15 as an adjuvant on day 6 post infection (PI). However, chickens co-immunized with pcDNA-3-1E and pcDNA-NChIL-15 exhibited significant upregulated level of ChIL-2 and ChIFN-γ transcripts in spleen. Our original data suggests the constructed novel cytokine NChIL-15 could be a potential adjuvant used to enhance the immune protective effects, although the optimized dosage need to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexing Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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7
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Protective effects of oral immunization with live Lactococcus lactis expressing Eimeria tenella 3-1E protein. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:4161-7. [PMID: 24037539 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The codon-optimized Eimeria tenella 3-1E gene was introduced into the lactic acid bacterial vector pTX8048 to construct plasmid pTX8048-3-1E. The plasmid pTX8048-3-1E was transformed into Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 by electroporation to create the strain of L. lactis pTX8048-3-1E. The expression of objective protein was verified by Western blot. The live bacteria L. lactis pTX8048-3-1E were administered orally, and an animal challenge experiment was carried out to evaluate the protective efficacy. The results indicated the strain of L. lactis pTX8048-3-1E was constructed successfully. Oral immunization to specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with L. lactis pTX8048-3-1E provided partial protection against homologous challenge including significant increased oocyst decrease ratio, reduced average lesion score in cecum, and improved body weight gain compared to control bacteria L. lactis pTX8048. These results demonstrate the use of Lactococcus as live vector for delivery of Eimeria antigen is feasible and promising method to control coccidiosis in poultry.
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8
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Induction of Cellular Immune Response by DNA Vaccine Coexpressing E. acervulina 3-1E Gene and Mature CHIl-15 Gene. J Parasitol Res 2012; 2012:654279. [PMID: 22754694 PMCID: PMC3382946 DOI: 10.1155/2012/654279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the chimeric DNA vaccine pcDNA-3-1E-linker-mChIL-15, fused through linking Eimeria acervulina 3-1E encoding gene and mature chicken IL-15 (mChIL-15) gene with four flexible amino acid SPGS, could significantly offer protection against homologous challenge. In the present study, the induction of cellular immune response induced by the chimeric DNA vaccine pcDNA-3-1E-linker-mChIL-15 was investigated. Spleen lymphocyte subpopulations were characterized by flow cytometric analysis. The spleen lymphocyte proliferation assays were measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The mRNA profiles of ChIL-2 and ChIFN-γ in spleen were characterized by means of real-time PCR. Chickens immunized with pcDNA-3-1E-linker-mChIL-15 exhibited significant upregulated level of ChIL-2 and ChIFN-γ transcripts in spleen following two immunizations compared with chickens in other groups (P < 0.01). In comparison with pcDNA3.1-immunized and control groups, lymphocyte proliferation, percentage of CD8α(+) cell, and levels of ChIL-2 and ChIFN-γ transcripts in the group immunized with pcDNA-3-1E-linker-mChIL-15 were significantly increased on day 6 following challenge (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, resp.). Our data suggested that the fusion antigen 3-1E-linker-mChIL-15 could be a potential candidate for E. acervulina vaccine development.
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Ding J, Qian W, Liu Q, Liu Q. Multi-epitope recombinant vaccine induces immunoprotection against mixed infection of Eimeria spp. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:2297-306. [PMID: 22200955 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunity to Eimeria is species-specific, and chickens with immunity to one species of Eimeria remain susceptible to other Eimeria species. This presents a major challenge in the development of effective vaccines against multiple Eimeria species. In this study, we cloned the antigenic epitope of a tachyzoite surface protein gene of Eimeria tenella, a tachyzoite surface protein gene of Eimeria acervulina and the gametocyte protein gene of Eimeria maxima, and constructed prokaryotic and eukaryotic plasmids carrying the multi-epitope antigenic gene. Immunization of chickens with the multivalent DNA and protein conferred partial protection against infection by the three Eimeria species, as shown by increased CD4+ T lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa, decreased oocyst excretion and intestinal lesions, and increased body weight gain compared with non-immunized controls. The DNA prime-protein boost immunization schedule induced greater cellular immunity and protection from Eimeria infection than immunization with DNA or protein alone. Our findings demonstrated that DNA prime-protein boost immunization with a multivalent vaccine could stimulate protective immunity against challenge infection of multiple Eimeria species. This work provides a promising step towards DNA-protein vaccination against multiple species of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and National animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Seregin SS, Aldhamen YA, Appledorn DM, Aylsworth CF, Godbehere S, Liu CJJ, Quiroga D, Amalfitano A. TRIF is a critical negative regulator of TLR agonist mediated activation of dendritic cells in vivo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22064. [PMID: 21760953 PMCID: PMC3132756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in developing and licensing adjuvants, there is a great need for more potent formulations to enhance immunogenicity of vaccines. An Eimeria tenella derived antigen (rEA) augments immune responses against several pathogens in animal models and recently was confirmed to be safe for human use. In this study, we have analyzed the molecular mechanisms underlying rEA activity in mice, and confirmed that rEA activates multiple immune cell types, including DCs, macrophages, NK, B, and T cells. The rEA adjuvant also elicits the induction of pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokines, responses that completely depend upon the presence of the TLR adaptor protein MyD88. Surprisingly, we also found that the TRIF adaptor protein acts as a potent negative regulator of TLR agonist-triggered immune responses. For example, IL12 production and the induction of co-stimulatory molecule expression by DCs and IFNγ production by NK cells in vivo were significantly increased in rEA-treated TRIF-KO mice. Importantly, however, TRIF suppressive effects were not restricted to rEA-mediated responses, but were apparent in LPS- or ODN2006-activated DCs as well. Taken together, our findings confirm that rEA is a potent adjuvant, triggering robust activation of the innate immune system, in a manner that is augmented by MyD88 and inhibited by TRIF; thereby unveiling the potential complexities of modulating TLR activity to augment vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S. Seregin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yasser A. Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Appledorn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Charles F. Aylsworth
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sarah Godbehere
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Chyong-Jy Joyce Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dionisia Quiroga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhao Y, Wang C, Lu Y, Amer S, Xu P, Wang J, Lu J, Bao Y, Deng B, He H, Qin J. Prokaryotic expression and identification of 3-1E gene of merozoite surface antigen of Eimeria acervulina. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1361-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Construction of DNA vaccines encoding Eimeria acervulina cSZ-2 with chicken IL-2 and IFN-γ and their efficacy against poultry coccidiosis. Res Vet Sci 2011; 90:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Vaccination of chickens with DNA vaccine encoding Eimeria acervulina 3-1E and chicken IL-15 offers protection against homologous challenge. Exp Parasitol 2011; 127:208-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Shah MAA, Song X, Xu L, Yan R, Song H, Ruirui Z, Chengyu L, Li X. The DNA-induced protective immunity with chicken interferon gamma against poultry coccidiosis. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:747-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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A recombinant DNA vaccine encoding Eimeria acervulina cSZ-2 induces immunity against experimental E. tenella infection. Vet Parasitol 2010; 169:185-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Shah MAA, Xu L, Yan R, Song X, Li X. Cross immunity of DNA vaccine pVAX1-cSZ2-IL-2 to Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix and E. maxima. Exp Parasitol 2009; 124:330-3. [PMID: 19944687 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study describes cross protection experiments with chimeric DNA vaccine pVAX1-cSZ2-IL-2 to determine its efficacy against four important Eimeria species. Seven-day-old chickens were randomly divided into nine groups; group 1 negative control, groups 2, 3, 4, 5 positive controls; and groups 6, 7, 8 and 9 experimental groups. On days 7 and 14, groups 1-5 were injected with TE buffer, and groups 6-9 with the vaccine. At 21 days of age, all chickens were inoculated with 5 x 10(4) sporulated oocysts except for the negative control. Groups 2 and 6 were inoculated with Eimeria tenella, groups 3 and 7 with Eimerianecatrix, groups 4 and 8 with Eimeria acervulina and groups 5 and 9 with Eimeria maxima. Seven days later, all chickens were weighed and slaughtered to obtain intestinal samples. Efficacy of immunization was evaluated on the basis of oocyst decrease ratio, lesion score, body-weight gain and anti-coccidial index. The results indicated that the recombinant plasmid can induce host immune responses by alleviating intestinal lesions, body weight loss and oocyst ratio and imparting good protection against E. tenella and E.acervulina, medium protection against E. necatrix but little effect against E. maxima. It is concluded that the conserved antigen can provide cross protection and should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali A Shah
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
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Hedhli D, Dimier-Poisson I, Judge JW, Rosenberg B, Mévélec MN. Protective immunity against Toxoplasma challenge in mice by coadministration of T. gondii antigens and Eimeria profilin-like protein as an adjuvant. Vaccine 2009; 27:2274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Phase I Study and Preliminary Pharmacology of the Novel Innate Immune Modulator rBBX-01 in Gynecologic Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:3089-97. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Gowen BB, Smee DF, Wong MH, Judge JW, Jung KH, Bailey KW, Pace AM, Rosenberg B, Sidwell RW. Recombinant Eimeria protozoan protein elicits resistance to acute phlebovirus infection in mice but not hamsters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:2023-9. [PMID: 16723561 PMCID: PMC1479126 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01473-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A protein antigen from an Eimeria protozoan has recently been reported to induce antitumor activity in mice. This activity most likely results from the strong induction of interkeukin-12 (IL-12) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which are also essential factors in the establishment of protective immunity against viral infection. We evaluated recombinant Eimeria antigen (rEA) as a potential immunotherapeutic agent in mouse and hamster models of acute phleboviral disease. Punta Toro virus (PTV) was highly sensitive to a single dose of nanogram quantities of rEA in the mouse infection model. Intraperitoneal treatment with rEA also reduced virus load and liver damage associated with PTV infection. IL-12 was elicited following exposure of uninfected mice to quantities of rEA of 10 ng or greater, and the levels peaked at between 3 and 8 h postexposure. IFN-gamma release was induced more slowly and required less rEA (1 ng) to produce a significant rise in systemic levels. The induction of IL-12 and IFN-gamma involved in the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses to microbial pathogens required myeloid differentiation factor 88, a signaling adaptor shared by most members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. Despite encouraging results in the murine system, rEA failed to protect hamsters challenged with PTV. Our findings suggest that hamsters may lack functional TLR11, which has recently been shown to recognize a profilin-like protein homologous to rEA from the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Further investigation into the immunostimulatory capacity of rEA in other mammalian systems is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Gowen
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, 84322, USA.
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Heintzelman MB. Cellular and Molecular Mechanics of Gliding Locomotion in Eukaryotes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2006; 251:79-129. [PMID: 16939778 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(06)51003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliding is a form of substrate-dependent cell locomotion exploited by a variety of disparate cell types. Cells may glide at rates well in excess of 1 microm/sec and do so without the gross distortion of cellular form typical of amoeboid crawling. In the absence of a discrete locomotory organelle, gliding depends upon an assemblage of molecules that links cytoplasmic motor proteins to the cell membrane and thence to the appropriate substrate. Gliding has been most thoroughly studied in the apicomplexan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, which employ a unique assortment of proteins dubbed the glideosome, at the heart of which is a class XIV myosin motor. Actin and myosin also drive the gliding locomotion of raphid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) as well as the intriguing form of gliding displayed by the spindle-shaped cells of the primitive colonial protist Labyrinthula. Chlamydomonas and other flagellated protists are also able to abandon their more familiar swimming locomotion for gliding, during which time they recruit a motility apparatus independent of that driving flagellar beating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Heintzelman
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
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Fetterer RH, Miska KB, Jenkins MC, Barfield RC. A conserved 19-kDa Eimeria tenella antigen is a profilin-like protein. J Parasitol 2005; 90:1321-8. [PMID: 15715222 DOI: 10.1645/ge-307r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of recombinant proteins from Eimeria species have been reported to offer some degree of protection against infection and disease, but the specific biological function of these proteins is largely unknown. Previous studies have demonstrated a 19-kDa protein of unknown function designated SZ-1 in sporozoites and merozoites of Eimeria acervulina that can be used to confer partial protection against coccidiosis. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction indicated that the gene for SZ-1 is expressed by all the asexual stages of Eimeria tenella. Rabbit antisera to recombinant SZ-1 recognized an approximately 19-kDa protein from extracts of E. tenella sporozoites, merozoites, sporulated oocysts, and oocysts in various stages of sporulation. Immunofluorescence antibody staining indicated specific staining of E. tenella sporozoites and merozoites. Staining was most intense in the cytoplasm of the posterior end of the parasite. The primary amino acid sequence of the gene for E. tenella SZ-1 deduced from the E. tenella genome indicated a conserved domain for the actin-regulatory protein profilin. A conserved binding site for poly-L-proline (PLP), characteristic of profilin was also observed. SZ-1 was separated from soluble extract of E. tenella proteins by affinity chromatography using a PLP ligand, confirming the ability of SZ-1 to bind PLP. SZ-1 also partially inhibited the polymerization of actin. The current results are consistent with the classification of SZ-1 as a profilin-related protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Fetterer
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, United States Department of Agriculture, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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22
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Rosenberg B, Juckett DA, Aylsworth CF, Dimitrov NV, Ho SC, Judge JW, Kessel S, Quensen J, Wong KPH, Zlatkin I, Zlatkin T. Protein from intestinal Eimeria protozoan stimulates IL-12 release from dendritic cells, exhibits antitumor properties in vivo and is correlated with low intestinal tumorigenicity. Int J Cancer 2004; 114:756-65. [PMID: 15609305 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine (SI) of vertebrates exhibits low tumorigenesis and rarely supports metastatic growth from distant tumors. Many theories have been proposed to address this phenomenon, but none has been consistently supported. One candidate mechanism is that the vast immunologic compartment of the SI provides a heightened level of tumor immunosurveillance. Consistent with this, we have identified a molecule of low abundance from bovine SI that has the hallmarks of a potent immunostimulant and may be associated with the natural suppression of cancer in the intestinal tract. The protein originates from an endemic gut protozoan, Eimeria spp., and is homologous to the antigen 3-1E previously isolated from the avian apicomplexan E. acervulina. We show here that it is a very potent stimulator of IL-12 release from dendritic cells, upregulates inflammatory modulators in vivo (IL-12, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha and INF-gamma) and has antitumor properties in mice. In addition, it is synergistic in vitro with anti-CD40 antibody, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and GM-CSF; is active across species barriers in vivo; and has no observable toxicity. Based on these activities, we speculate that it is an inducer of protozoan-targeted innate immunity, which may explain its potential benefit to the intestinal tract and potency as an agent in cancer immunotherapy.
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Abstract
The past 10 years of research aimed at developing subunit vaccines against a number of apicomplexans, including Eimeria, Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, have, if anything, revealed the complex nature of parasite-host interactions. The Knowledge gained from this research has shown why developing a subunit vaccine based on a single recombinant antigen from one developmental stage of the parasite was an overly optimistic approach. Many apicomplexan parasites have acquired unique strategies to evade host immunity. The variable expression of genes encoding erythrocyte membrane protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum [1] (Berendt et al. Parasitology 1994;108:S19-S28) exemplifies one such strategy. The particular mechanism for evading immune destruction depends on a number of interrelated factors, not least of which is the parasite life-cycle and the availability of susceptible hosts. The goal of any vaccine, be it an attenuated organism or a recombinant antigen, is to break the cycle of infection. The development of a recombinant vaccine against apicomplexan parasites will depend on identifying those antigens and intracellular processes that are vital to the parasite survival and those which exist merely as a way of evading immunity. The information that follows is a review of both molecular biology/biochemistry of eimerian parasites and factors that influence host immune responses to coccidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Jenkins
- Immunology and Disease Resistance Laboratory, USDA, BARC-EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Wan KL, Blackwell JM, Ajioka JW. Toxoplasma gondii expressed sequence tags: insight into tachyzoite gene expression. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1996; 75:179-86. [PMID: 8992316 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(95)02524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of DNA sequences from the 5' end of 239 directionally cloned Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoite-derived cDNAs revealed significant similarity to several classes of genes/proteins including 24 ribosomal proteins, five metabolic enzymes, four cell-cycle regulators and 15 previously cloned T. gondii genes. The remaining sequences with no significant match include several which were recovered more than once. The variety and redundancy of expressed sequence tags (ESTs GenBank accession numbers T62239-T62475) in this sample suggest that the tachyzoite cDNA library reflects tachyzoite gene expression. A large scale EST effort should uncover many new genes and provide a wealth of information about genes involved with the growth and proliferation of tachyzoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Wan
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
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Laurent F, Bourdieu C, Yvoré P, Péry P. Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding an Eimeria acervulina 70 kDa sporozoite protein which is related to the 70 kDa heat-shock protein family. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1994; 66:349-52. [PMID: 7808484 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(94)90161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Laurent
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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