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Anchordoquy T, Artzi N, Balyasnikova IV, Barenholz Y, La-Beck NM, Brenner JS, Chan WCW, Decuzzi P, Exner AA, Gabizon A, Godin B, Lai SK, Lammers T, Mitchell MJ, Moghimi SM, Muzykantov VR, Peer D, Nguyen J, Popovtzer R, Ricco M, Serkova NJ, Singh R, Schroeder A, Schwendeman AA, Straehla JP, Teesalu T, Tilden S, Simberg D. Mechanisms and Barriers in Nanomedicine: Progress in the Field and Future Directions. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38767983 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, steady progress has been made in synthesizing and characterizing engineered nanoparticles, resulting in several approved drugs and multiple promising candidates in clinical trials. Regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency released important guidance documents facilitating nanoparticle-based drug product development, particularly in the context of liposomes and lipid-based carriers. Even with the progress achieved, it is clear that many barriers must still be overcome to accelerate translation into the clinic. At the recent conference workshop "Mechanisms and Barriers in Nanomedicine" in May 2023 in Colorado, U.S.A., leading experts discussed the formulation, physiological, immunological, regulatory, clinical, and educational barriers. This position paper invites open, unrestricted, nonproprietary discussion among senior faculty, young investigators, and students to trigger ideas and concepts to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Anchordoquy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Membrane and Liposome Research Lab, IMRIC, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ninh M La-Beck
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas 79601, United States
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Rosebrugh Building, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Agata A Exner
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alberto Gabizon
- The Helmsley Cancer Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, 9103102, Israel
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine College (WCMC), New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M, College Station, Texas 7784,3 United States
| | - Samuel K Lai
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - S Moein Moghimi
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Madison Ricco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Anna A Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, United States
| | - Joelle P Straehla
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 United States
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Laboratory of Precision and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Scott Tilden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Yuan L, Cao Y, Zhang Q, Pan J, Wu C, Ye Y, Jiao Q, Zhu HL, Wang Z. Rational design of mitochondria-targeted fluorescent biosensors for in vivo elucidation of the interaction between breast cancer metastasis and mitochondrial autophagy. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116123. [PMID: 38359670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer lung metastases (BCLM) are a major cause of high mortality in patients. The shortage of therapeutic targets and rapid drug screening tools for BCLM is a major challenge at present. Mitochondrial autophagy, which involves the degradation of proteins associated with cancer cell aggressiveness, represents a possible therapeutic approach for the treatment of BCLM. Herein, four fluorescent biosensors with different alkyl chains were designed and synthesized to monitor mitochondrial autophagy. Among them, PMV-12 demonstrated the highest sensitivity to viscosity variance, the least impact on polarity, and the longest imaging time. The introduction of the C12-chain made PMV-12 anchored in the mitochondrial membrane without being disturbed by changes of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), thereby achieving the long-term monitor in situ for mitochondrial autophagy. Mitochondria stained with PMV-12 induced swelling and viscosity increase after treating with apigenin, which indicated that apigenin is a potential mitochondrial autophagy inducer. Apigenin was subsequently verified to inhibit cancer cell invasion by 92%. Furthermore, PMV-12 could monitor the process of BCLM in vivo and evaluate the therapeutic effects of apigenin. This work provides a fluorescent tool for elucidating the role of mitochondrial autophagy in the BCLM process and for anti-metastatic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuyao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jiancheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Changjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yaxi Ye
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, PR China.
| | - Qingcai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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3
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Hu Z, Yuan L, Yang X, Yi C, Lu J. The roles of long non-coding RNAs in ovarian cancer: from functions to therapeutic implications. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1332528. [PMID: 38725621 PMCID: PMC11079149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1332528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are multifunctional and participate in a variety of biological processes and gene regulatory networks. The deregulation of lncRNAs has been extensively implicated in diverse human diseases, especially in cancers. Overwhelming evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs are essential to the pathophysiological processes of ovarian cancer (OC), acting as regulators involved in metastasis, cell death, chemoresistance, and tumor immunity. In this review, we illustrate the expanded functions of lncRNAs in the initiation and progression of OC and elaborate on the signaling pathways in which they pitch. Additionally, the potential clinical applications of lncRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of OC were emphasized, cementing the bridge of communication between clinical practice and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lijin Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huangshi Puren Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Cunjian Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jinzhi Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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4
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Di Ceglie I, Carnevale S, Rigatelli A, Grieco G, Molisso P, Jaillon S. Immune cell networking in solid tumors: focus on macrophages and neutrophils. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341390. [PMID: 38426089 PMCID: PMC10903099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is composed of tumor cells, stromal cells and leukocytes, including innate and adaptive immune cells, and represents an ecological niche that regulates tumor development and progression. In general, inflammatory cells are considered to contribute to tumor progression through various mechanisms, including the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Macrophages and neutrophils are important components of the tumor microenvironment and can act as a double-edged sword, promoting or inhibiting the development of the tumor. Targeting of the immune system is emerging as an important therapeutic strategy for cancer patients. However, the efficacy of the various immunotherapies available is still limited. Given the crucial importance of the crosstalk between macrophages and neutrophils and other immune cells in the formation of the anti-tumor immune response, targeting these interactions may represent a promising therapeutic approach against cancer. Here we will review the current knowledge of the role played by macrophages and neutrophils in cancer, focusing on their interaction with other immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giovanna Grieco
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Piera Molisso
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastien Jaillon
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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5
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Jiang M, Mas-Rosario JA, Fedeli S, Cao-Milan R, Liu L, Winters KJ, Hirschbiegel CM, Nabawy A, Huang R, Farkas ME, Rotello VM. Polarization of macrophages to an anti-cancer phenotype through in situ uncaging of a TLR 7/8 agonist using bioorthogonal nanozymes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2486-2494. [PMID: 38362405 PMCID: PMC10866364 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06431j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are plastic cells of the immune system that can be broadly classified as having pro-inflammatory (M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes. M2-like macrophages are often associated with cancers and can promote cancer growth and create an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Repolarizing macrophages from M2-like to M1-like phenotype provides a crucial strategy for anticancer immunotherapy. Imiquimod is an FDA-approved small molecule that can polarize macrophages by activating toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR 7/8) located inside lysosomes. However, the non-specific inflammation that results from the drug has limited its systemic application. To overcome this issue, we report the use of gold nanoparticle-based bioorthogonal nanozymes for the conversion of an inactive, imiquimod-based prodrug to an active compound for macrophage re-education from anti- to pro-inflammatory phenotypes. The nanozymes were delivered to macrophages through endocytosis, where they uncaged pro-imiquimod in situ. The generation of imiquimod resulted in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The re-educated M1-like macrophages feature enhanced phagocytosis of cancer cells, leading to efficient macrophage-based tumor cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 N. Pleasant St. Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Yuanchang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 N. Pleasant St. Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Mingdi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 N. Pleasant St. Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Javier A Mas-Rosario
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 N. Pleasant St. Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst 230 Stockbridge Road Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 N. Pleasant St. Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Roberto Cao-Milan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 N. Pleasant St. Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 N. Pleasant St. Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Kyle J Winters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 N. Pleasant St. Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | | | - Ahmed Nabawy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 N. Pleasant St. Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 N. Pleasant St. Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Michelle E Farkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 N. Pleasant St. Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst 230 Stockbridge Road Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst 710 N. Pleasant St. Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst 230 Stockbridge Road Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
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6
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Cheng S, Wang H, Kang X, Zhang H. Immunotherapy Innovations in the Fight against Osteosarcoma: Emerging Strategies and Promising Progress. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:251. [PMID: 38399305 PMCID: PMC10892906 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive elements within the tumor microenvironment are the primary drivers of tumorigenesis and malignant advancement. The presence, as well as the crosstalk between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), osteosarcoma-associated macrophages (OS-Ms), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and endothelial cells (ECs) with osteosarcoma cells cause the poor prognosis of OS. In addition, the consequent immunosuppressive factors favor the loss of treatment potential. Nanoparticles offer a means to dynamically and locally manipulate immuno-nanoparticles, which present a promising strategy for transforming OS-TME. Additionally, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology is effective in combating OS. This review summarizes the essential mechanisms of immunosuppressive cells in the OS-TME and the current immune-associated strategies. The last part highlights the limitations of existing therapies and offers insights into future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigao Cheng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuejia Kang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Ahmed AU, Almasabi S, Firestein R, Williams BRG. Integrin-linked kinase expression in myeloid cells promotes colon tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270194. [PMID: 38077324 PMCID: PMC10710162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide and treatment options for advanced CRC, which has a low 5-year survival rate, remain limited. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a multifunctional, scaffolding, pseudo-kinase regulating many integrin-mediated cellular processes, is highly expressed in many cancers. However, the role of ILK in cancer progression is yet to be fully understood. We have previously uncovered a pro-inflammatory role for myeloid-specific ILK in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. To establish a correlation between chronic intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC), we investigated the role of myeloid-ILK in mouse models of CRC. When myeloid-ILK deficient mice along with the WT control mice were subjected to colitis-associated and APCmin/+-driven CRC, tumour burden was reduced by myeloid-ILK deficiency in both models. The tumour-promoting phenotype of macrophages, M2 polarization, in vitro was impaired by the ILK deficiency and the number of M2-specific marker CD206-expressing tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in vivo were significantly diminished in myeloid-ILK deficient mice. Myeloid-ILK deficient mice showed enhanced tumour infiltration of CD8+ T cells and reduced tumour infiltration of FOXP3+ T cells in colitis-associated and APCmin/+-driven CRC, respectively, with an overall elevated CD8+/FOXP3+ ratio suggesting an anti-tumour immune phenotypes. In patient CRC tissue microarrays we observed elevated ILK+ myeloid (ILK+ CD11b+) cells in tumour sections compared to adjacent normal tissues, suggesting a conserved role for myeloid-ILK in CRC development in both human and animal models. This study identifies myeloid-specific ILK expression as novel driver of CRC, which could be targeted as a potential therapeutic option for advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar U Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Saleh Almasabi
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bryan R G Williams
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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8
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Neves CL, Barbosa CMV, Ranéia-Silva PA, Faquim-Mauro EL, Sampaio SC. Crotoxin Modulates Macrophage Phenotypic Reprogramming. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:616. [PMID: 37888647 PMCID: PMC10611389 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage plasticity is a fundamental feature of the immune response since it favors the rapid and adequate change of the functional phenotype in response to the pathogen or the microenvironment. Several studies have shown that Crotoxin (CTX), the major toxin of the Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom, has a long-lasting antitumor effect both in experimental models and in clinical trials. In this study, we show the CTX effect on the phenotypic reprogramming of macrophages in the mesenchymal tumor microenvironment or those obtained from the peritoneal cavity of healthy animals. CTX (0.9 or 5 μg/animal subcutaneously) administered concomitantly with intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor cells (1 × 107/0.5 mL, injected intraperitoneally) of Ehrlich Ascitic Tumor (EAT) modulated the macrophages phenotype (M1), accompanied by increased NO• production by cells from ascites, and was evaluated after 13 days. On the other hand, in healthy animals, the phenotypic profile of macrophages was modulated in a dose-dependent way at 0.9 μg/animal: M1 and at 5.0 μg/animal: M2; this was accompanied by increased NO• production by peritoneal macrophages only for the dose of 0.9 μg/animal of CTX. This study shows that a single administration of CTX interferes with the phenotypic reprogramming of macrophages, as well as with the secretory state of cells from ascites, influencing events involved with mesenchymal tumor progression. These findings may favor the selection of new therapeutic targets to correct compromised immunity in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lima Neves
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Eliana L. Faquim-Mauro
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
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9
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Novobrantseva T, Manfra D, Nguyen A, Feldman I. Macrophages - Controlling the Bifurcation Between Tumor Existence or Regression. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300047. [PMID: 37083213 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are multifunctional cells that are employed by the tumor to further its growth and adaptation. While tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have widely diverse phenotypes, tumors coevolve with the ones that can promote tumorigenesis. Functionally, TAMs/myeloid cells constitute the largest negative influence on the tumor microenvironment and need to be reprogrammed in order to enable successful anti-tumor response in most tumors. It is predicted that successful TAM repolarization has the potential to become a staple of immuno-oncology across most indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Manfra
- Research and Development, Verseau Therapeutics, Newton, MA, 02466, USA
| | - Ani Nguyen
- Research and Development, Verseau Therapeutics, Newton, MA, 02466, USA
| | - Igor Feldman
- Research and Development, Verseau Therapeutics, Newton, MA, 02466, USA
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10
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Tanaka T, Umemura S, Miyoshi T, Nakai T, Noritake O, Suzuki J, Tane K, Samejima J, Aokage K, Mimaki S, Tsuchihara K, Taki T, Miyazaki S, Watanabe R, Sakashita S, Sakamoto N, Kojima M, Goto K, Ikeda N, Tsuboi M, Ishii G. The prognostic impact of a high number of peritumoral alveolar macrophages in neuroendocrine carcinoma in the lung. Pathol Int 2023; 73:497-508. [PMID: 37589431 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are resident macrophages in the lungs; however, whether the number of AMs plays a role in the lung neuroendocrine tumor (NET) prognosis remains unclear. We counted the number of AMs located around the tumor (peritumoral alveolar macrophages [pAMs]) and the number of AMs located apart from the tumor (distant macrophages; dAMs). In 73 cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC: small cell lung carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma), the group that contained higher pAMs (≥86/μm2 ) revealed shorter recurrent-free survival (RFS) than those with lower pAMs (<86/μm2 ) (p = 0.005). Bivariate analysis showed that the number of pAMs was an independent predictor of a poor RFS. In contrast, in the carcinoid tumor cohort (n = 29), there was no statistically significant correlation between the two groups with high and low numbers of pAMs in RFS (p = 0.113). Furthermore, we examined the correlation between genomic alterations and the number of pAMs in NEC, but no significant correlation was observed. In conclusion, the number of pAMs is a prognostic factor for NEC in the lung and pAMs may contribute to tumor progression within the peritumoral microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeki Umemura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyoshi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nakai
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Noritake
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenta Tane
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Joji Samejima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiju Aokage
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mimaki
- Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Taki
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saori Miyazaki
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Reiko Watanabe
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Innovative Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Pérez-Aguilar B, Marquardt JU, Muñoz-Delgado E, López-Durán RM, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Gómez-Olivares JL. Changes in the Acetylcholinesterase Enzymatic Activity in Tumor Development and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4629. [PMID: 37760598 PMCID: PMC10526250 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is a well-known protein because of the relevance of its enzymatic activity in the hydrolysis of acetylcholine in nerve transmission. In addition to the catalytic action, it exerts non-catalytic functions; one is associated with apoptosis, in which acetylcholinesterase could significantly impact the survival and aggressiveness observed in cancer. The participation of AChE as part of the apoptosome could explain the role in tumors, since a lower AChE content would increase cell survival due to poor apoptosome assembly. Likewise, the high Ach content caused by the reduction in enzymatic activity could induce cell survival mediated by the overactivation of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) that activate anti-apoptotic pathways. On the other hand, in tumors in which high enzymatic activity has been observed, AChE could be playing a different role in the aggressiveness of cancer; in this review, we propose that AChE could have a pro-inflammatory role, since the high enzyme content would cause a decrease in ACh, which has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, as discussed in this review. In this review, we analyze the changes that the enzyme could display in different tumors and consider the different levels of regulation that the acetylcholinesterase undergoes in the control of epigenetic changes in the mRNA expression and changes in the enzymatic activity and its molecular forms. We focused on explaining the relationship between acetylcholinesterase expression and its activity in the biology of various tumors. We present up-to-date knowledge regarding this fascinating enzyme that is positioned as a remarkable target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Pérez-Aguilar
- Area de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico; (B.P.-A.); (M.C.G.-R.)
- Department of Medicine I, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Jens U. Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | | | - Rosa María López-Durán
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico;
| | - María Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Area de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico; (B.P.-A.); (M.C.G.-R.)
| | - Luis E. Gomez-Quiroz
- Area de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico; (B.P.-A.); (M.C.G.-R.)
| | - José Luis Gómez-Olivares
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico;
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Islam MR, Patel J, Back PI, Shmeeda H, Kallem RR, Shudde C, Markiewski M, Putnam WC, Gabizon AA, La-Beck NM. Pegylated Liposomal Alendronate Biodistribution, Immune Modulation, and Tumor Growth Inhibition in a Murine Melanoma Model. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1309. [PMID: 37759709 PMCID: PMC10527549 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have pro-tumoral activity, the ablation of macrophages in cancer may be undesirable since they also have anti-tumoral functions, including T cell priming and activation against tumor antigens. Alendronate is a potent amino-bisphosphonate that modulates the function of macrophages in vitro, with potential as an immunotherapy if its low systemic bioavailability can be addressed. We repurposed alendronate in a non-leaky and long-circulating liposomal carrier similar to that of the clinically approved pegylated liposomal doxorubicin to facilitate rapid clinical translation. Here, we tested liposomal alendronate (PLA) as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer in comparison with a standard of care immunotherapy, a PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. We showed that the PLA induced bone marrow-derived murine non-activated macrophages and M2-macrophages to polarize towards an M1-functionality, as evidenced by gene expression, cytokine secretion, and lipidomic profiles. Free alendronate had negligible effects, indicating that liposome encapsulation is necessary for the modulation of macrophage activity. In vivo, the PLA showed significant accumulation in tumor and tumor-draining lymph nodes, sites of tumor immunosuppression that are targets of immunotherapy. The PLA remodeled the tumor microenvironment towards a less immunosuppressive milieu, as indicated by a decrease in TAM and helper T cells, and inhibited the growth of established tumors in the B16-OVA melanoma model. The improved bioavailability and the beneficial effects of PLA on macrophages suggest its potential application as immunotherapy that could synergize with T-cell-targeted therapies and chemotherapies to induce immunogenic cell death. PLA warrants further clinical development, and these clinical trials should incorporate tumor and blood biomarkers or immunophenotyping studies to verify the anti-immunosuppressive effect of PLA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rakibul Islam
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (M.R.I.); (J.P.); (P.I.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Jalpa Patel
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (M.R.I.); (J.P.); (P.I.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Patricia Ines Back
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (M.R.I.); (J.P.); (P.I.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Hilary Shmeeda
- Nano-Oncology Research Center, Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel;
| | - Raja Reddy Kallem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (R.R.K.); (W.C.P.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Claire Shudde
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (M.R.I.); (J.P.); (P.I.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Maciej Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (M.R.I.); (J.P.); (P.I.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
| | - William C. Putnam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (R.R.K.); (W.C.P.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Center, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Alberto A. Gabizon
- Nano-Oncology Research Center, Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel;
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ninh M. La-Beck
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (M.R.I.); (J.P.); (P.I.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA; (R.R.K.); (W.C.P.)
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Attiq A, Afzal S. Trinity of inflammation, innate immune cells and cross-talk of signalling pathways in tumour microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1255727. [PMID: 37680708 PMCID: PMC10482416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1255727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Unresolved inflammation is a pathological consequence of persistent inflammatory stimulus and perturbation in regulatory mechanisms. It increases the risk of tumour development and orchestrates all stages of tumorigenesis in selected organs. In certain cancers, inflammatory processes create the appropriate conditions for neoplastic transformation. While in other types, oncogenic changes pave the way for an inflammatory microenvironment that leads to tumour development. Of interest, hallmarks of tumour-promoting and cancer-associated inflammation are striking similar, sharing a complex network of stromal (fibroblasts and vascular cells) and inflammatory immune cells that collectively form the tumour microenvironment (TME). The cross-talks of signalling pathways initially developed to support homeostasis, change their role, and promote atypical proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and subversion of adaptive immunity in TME. These transcriptional and regulatory pathways invariably contribute to cancer-promoting inflammation in chronic inflammatory disorders and foster "smouldering" inflammation in the microenvironment of various tumour types. Besides identifying common target sites of numerous cancer types, signalling programs and their cross-talks governing immune cells' plasticity and functional diversity can be used to develop new fate-mapping and lineage-tracing mechanisms. Here, we review the vital molecular mechanisms and pathways that establish the connection between inflammation and tumour development, progression, and metastasis. We also discussed the cross-talks between signalling pathways and devised strategies focusing on these interaction mechanisms to harness synthetic lethal drug combinations for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Fang X, Lan H, Jin K, Qian J. Pancreatic cancer and exosomes: role in progression, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1149551. [PMID: 37287924 PMCID: PMC10242099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1149551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most dangerous diseases that threaten human life, and investigating the details affecting its progression or regression is particularly important. Exosomes are one of the derivatives produced from different cells, including tumor cells and other cells such as Tregs, M2 macrophages, and MDSCs, and can help tumor growth. These exosomes perform their actions by affecting the cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) that produce extracellular matrix (ECM) components and immune cells that are responsible for killing tumor cells. It has also been shown that pancreatic cancer cell (PCC)-derived exosomes at different stages carry molecules. Checking the presence of these molecules in the blood and other body fluids can help us in the early stage diagnosis and monitoring of PC. However, immune system cell-derived exosomes (IEXs) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes can contribute to PC treatment. Immune cells produce exosomes as part of the mechanisms involved in the immune surveillance and tumor cell-killing phenomenon. Exosomes can be modified in such a way that their antitumor properties are enhanced. One of these methods is drug loading in exosomes, which can significantly increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. In general, exosomes form a complex intercellular communication network that plays a role in developing, progressing, diagnosing, monitoring, and treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanrong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinchang People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xinchang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Xinchang, Zhejiang, China
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Yesupatham ST, Dayanand CD, Azeem Mohiyuddin SM, Harendra Kumar ML. An Insight into Survivin in Relevance to Hematological, Biochemical and Genetic Characteristics in Tobacco Chewers with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:1444. [PMID: 37408277 PMCID: PMC10217417 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP), encoded by the Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 5 (BIRC5) gene located on q arm (25.3) on chromosome 17. It is expressed in various human cancers and involved in tumor resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. The genetic analysis of the BIRC5 gene and its protein survivin levels in buccal tissue related to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in South Indian tobacco chewers has not been studied. Hence, the study was designed to quantify survivin in buccal tissue and its association with pretreatment hematological parameters and to analyze the BIRC5 gene sequence. METHOD In a single centric case control study, buccal tissue survivin levels were measured by ELISA. A total of 189 study subjects were categorized into Group 1 (n = 63) habitual tobacco chewers with OSCC, Group 2 (n = 63) habitual tobacco chewers without OSCC, and Group 3 (n = 63) healthy subjects as control. Retrospective hematological data were collected from Group 1 subjects and statistically analyzed. The BIRC5 gene was sequenced and data were analyzed using a bioinformatics tool. RESULTS Survivin protein mean ± SD in Group 1 was (1670.9 ± 796.21 pg/mL), in Group 2 it was (1096.02 ± 346.17 pg/mL), and in Group 3 it was (397.5 ± 96.1 pg/mL) with significance (p < 0.001). Survivin levels showed significance with cut-off levels of absolute monocyte count (AMC), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) at (p = 0.001). The unique variants found only in OSCC patients were T → G in the promoter region, G → C in exon 3, C → A, A → G, G → T, T → G, A → C, G → A in exon 4, C → A, G → T, G → C in the exon 5 region. CONCLUSIONS The tissue survivin level increased in OSCC patients compared to controls; pretreatment AMC, LMR, and NLR may serve as add-on markers along with survivin to measure the progression of OSCC. Unique mutations in the promoter and exons 3-5 were observed in sequence analysis and were associated with survivin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Theophilus Yesupatham
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Tamaka, Kolar 563103, Karnataka, India;
| | - C. D. Dayanand
- Allied Health and Basic Sciences, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Tamaka, Kolar 563103, Karnataka, India
| | - S. M. Azeem Mohiyuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Tamaka, Kolar 563103, Karnataka, India
| | - M. L. Harendra Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital, Sira Road, Tumakuru 572106, Karnataka, India
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Yoshimura T, Li C, Wang Y, Matsukawa A. The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 is a promoter of breast cancer metastasis. Cell Mol Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41423-023-01013-0. [PMID: 37208442 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) was isolated from the culture supernatants of not only mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes but also malignant glioma cells based on its in vitro chemotactic activity toward human monocytes. MCP-1 was subsequently found to be identical to a previously described tumor cell-derived chemotactic factor thought to be responsible for the accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and it became a candidate target of clinical intervention; however, the role of TAMs in cancer development was still controversial at the time of the discovery of MCP-1. The in vivo role of MCP-1 in cancer progression was first evaluated by examining human cancer tissues, including breast cancers. Positive correlations between the level of MCP-1 production in tumors and the degree of TAM infiltration and cancer progression were established. The contribution of MCP-1 to the growth of primary tumors and metastasis to the lung, bone, and brain was examined in mouse breast cancer models. The results of these studies strongly suggested that MCP-1 is a promoter of breast cancer metastasis to the lung and brain but not bone. Potential mechanisms of MCP-1 production in the breast cancer microenvironment have also been reported. In the present manuscript, we review studies in which the role of MCP-1 in breast cancer development and progression and the mechanisms of its production were examined and attempt to draw a consensus and discuss the potential use of MCP-1 as a biomarker for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Chunning Li
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuze Wang
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Duong LK, Corbali HI, Riad TS, Ganjoo S, Nanez S, Voss T, Barsoumian HB, Welsh J, Cortez MA. Lipid metabolism in tumor immunology and immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1187279. [PMID: 37205182 PMCID: PMC10185832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1187279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a diverse class of biomolecules that have been implicated in cancer pathophysiology and in an array of immune responses, making them potential targets for improving immune responsiveness. Lipid and lipid oxidation also can affect tumor progression and response to treatment. Although their importance in cellular functions and their potential as cancer biomarkers have been explored, lipids have yet to be extensively investigated as a possible form of cancer therapy. This review explores the role of lipids in cancer pathophysiology and describes how further understanding of these macromolecules could prompt novel treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. Duong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Halil Ibrahim Corbali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Thomas S. Riad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shonik Ganjoo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Selene Nanez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tiffany Voss
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hampartsoum B. Barsoumian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Angelica Cortez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Varela VA, da Silva Heinen LB, Marti LC, Caraciolo VB, Datoguia TS, Amano MT, Pereira WO. In vitro differentiation of myeloid suppressor cells (MDSC-like) from an immature myelomonocytic precursor THP-1. J Immunol Methods 2023; 515:113441. [PMID: 36848984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population with a potent suppressor profile that regulates immune responses. These cells are one of the main components of the microenvironment of several diseases, including solid and hematologic tumors, autoimmunities, and chronic inflammation. However, their wide use in studies is limited due to they comprehend a rare population, which is difficult to isolate, expand, differentiate, and maintain in culture. Additionally, this population has a complex phenotypic and functional characterization. OBJECTIVE To develop a protocol for the in vitro production of MDSC-like population from the differentiation of the immature myeloid cell line THP-1. METHODS We stimulated THP-1 with G-CSF (100 ng/mL) and IL-4 (20 ng/mL) for seven days to differentiate into the MDSC-like profile. At the end of the protocol, we characterized these cells phenotypically and functionally by immunophenotyping, gene expression analysis, cytokine release dosage, lymphocyte proliferation, and NK-mediated killing essays. RESULTS We differentiate THP-1 cells in an MDSC-like population, named THP1-MDSC-like, which presented immunophenotyping and gene expression profiles compatible with that described in the literature. Furthermore, we verified that this phenotypic and functional differentiation did not deviate to a macrophage profile of M1 or M2. These THP1-MDSC-like cells secreted several immunoregulatory cytokines into the microenvironment, consistent with the suppressor profile related to MDSC. In addition, the supernatant of these cells decreased the proliferation of activated lymphocytes and impaired the apoptosis of leukemic cells induced by NK cells. CONCLUSIONS We developed an effective protocol for MDSC in vitro production from the differentiation of the immature myeloid cell line THP-1 induced by G-CSF and IL-4. Furthermore, we demonstrated that THP1-MDSC-like suppressor cells contribute to the immune escape of AML cells. Potentially, these THP1-MDSC-like cells can be applied on a large-scale platform, thus being able to impact the course of several studies and models such as cancer, immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Araújo Varela
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Cavalheiro Marti
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victória Bulcão Caraciolo
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tarcila Santos Datoguia
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariane Tami Amano
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Welbert Oliveira Pereira
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
Tumour progression is modulated by the local microenvironment. This environment is populated by many immune cells, of which macrophages are among the most abundant. Clinical correlative data and a plethora of preclinical studies in mouse models of cancers have shown that tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a cancer-promoting role. Within the primary tumour, TAMs promote tumour cell invasion and intravasation and tumour stem cell viability and induce angiogenesis. At the metastatic site, metastasis-associated macrophages promote extravasation, tumour cell survival and persistent growth, as well as maintain tumour cell dormancy in some contexts. In both the primary and metastatic sites, TAMs are suppressive to the activities of cytotoxic T and natural killer cells that have the potential to eradicate tumours. Such activities suggest that TAMs will be a major target for therapeutic intervention. In this Perspective article, we chronologically explore the evolution of our understanding of TAM biology put into the context of major enabling advances in macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC-Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Fausti V, De Vita A, Vanni S, Ghini V, Gurrieri L, Riva N, Casadei R, Maraldi M, Ercolani G, Cavaliere D, Pacilio CA, Pieri F, Foca F, Bongiovanni A, Ranallo N, Calpona S, Frassineti GL, Ibrahim T, Mercatali L. Systemic Inflammatory Indices in Second-Line Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients: Focus on Lymphocyte/Monocyte Ratio and Trabectedin. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041080. [PMID: 36831421 PMCID: PMC9954182 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A second-line standard of treatment has not yet been identified in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS), so identifying predictive markers could be a valuable tool. Recent studies have shown that the intratumoral and inflammatory systems significantly influence tumor aggressiveness. We aimed to investigate prognostic values of pre-therapy neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic inflammatory index (SII), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of STS patients receiving second-line treatment. In this single-center retrospective analysis, ninety-nine patients with STS were enrolled. All patients received second-line treatment after progressing to anthracycline. PFS and OS curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method of RNA sequencing, and CIBERSORT analysis was performed on six surgical specimens of liposarcoma patients. A high NLR, PLR, and SII were significantly associated with worse PFS (p = 0.019; p = 0.004; p = 0.006). Low LMR was significantly associated with worse OS (p = 0.006). Patients treated with Trabectedin showed a better PFS when the LMR was low, while patients treated with other regimens showed a worse PFS when the LMR was low (p = 0.0154). The intratumoral immune infiltrates analysis seems to show a correlation between intratumoral macrophages and LMR. PS ECOG. The metastatic onset and tumor burden showed prognostic significance for PFS (p = 0.004; p = 0.041; p = 0.0086). According to the histologies, PFS was: 5.7 mo in liposarcoma patients vs. 3.8 mo in leiomyosarcoma patients vs. 3.1 months in patients with other histologies (p = 0.053). Our results confirm the prognostic role of systemic inflammatory markers in patients with STS. Moreover, we demonstrated that LMR is a specific predictor of Trabectedin efficacy and could be useful in daily clinical practice. We also highlighted a possible correlation between LMR levels and the percentage of intratumoral macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fausti
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0543-739239; Fax: +39-0543-739221
| | - Silvia Vanni
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Virginia Ghini
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Lorena Gurrieri
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Nada Riva
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Roberto Casadei
- Orthopedic Unit, “Morgagni-Pierantoni” Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Marco Maraldi
- Orthopedic Unit, “Morgagni-Pierantoni” Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ercolani
- General and Oncologic Surgery, “Morgagni-Pierantoni” Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Davide Cavaliere
- General and Oncologic Surgery, “Morgagni-Pierantoni” Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | | | - Federica Pieri
- Pathology Unit, “Morgagni-Pierantoni” Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Flavia Foca
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ranallo
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Calpona
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy, Rare Cancers and Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Frassineti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncologia, Sarcomi dell’osso e dei tessuti molli, e Terapie Innovative, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
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21
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Schoeppe R, Babl N, Decking SM, Schönhammer G, Siegmund A, Bruss C, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, Frick L, Weigert A, Jantsch J, Herr W, Rehli M, Renner K, Kreutz M. Glutamine synthetase expression rescues human dendritic cell survival in a glutamine-deprived environment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1120194. [PMID: 36741028 PMCID: PMC9894315 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1120194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glutamine deficiency is a well-known feature of the tumor environment. Here we analyzed the impact of glutamine deprivation on human myeloid cell survival and function. Methods Different types of myeloid cells were cultured in the absence or presence of glutamine and/or with L-methionine-S-sulfoximine (MSO), an irreversible glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitor. GS expression was analyzed on mRNA and protein level. GS activity and the conversion of glutamate to glutamine by myeloid cells was followed by 13C tracing analyses. Results The absence of extracellular glutamine only slightly affected postmitotic human monocyte to dendritic cell (DC) differentiation, function and survival. Similar results were obtained for monocyte-derived macrophages. In contrast, proliferation of the monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 was significantly suppressed. While macrophages exhibited high constitutive GS expression, glutamine deprivation induced GS in DC and THP-1. Accordingly, proliferation of THP-1 was rescued by addition of the GS substrate glutamate and 13C tracing analyses revealed conversion of glutamate to glutamine. Supplementation with the GS inhibitor MSO reduced the survival of DC and macrophages and counteracted the proliferation rescue of THP-1 by glutamate. Discussion Our results show that GS supports myeloid cell survival in a glutamine poor environment. Notably, in addition to suppressing proliferation and survival of tumor cells, the blockade of GS also targets immune cells such as DCs and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schoeppe
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Babl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sonja-Maria Decking
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Department for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schönhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Siegmund
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Bruss
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Linus Frick
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Weigert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rehli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Department for Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Marina Kreutz,
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22
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Macrophages: From Simple Phagocyte to an Integrative Regulatory Cell for Inflammation and Tissue Regeneration-A Review of the Literature. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020276. [PMID: 36672212 PMCID: PMC9856654 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of macrophages and their pathophysiological role has dramatically changed within the last decades. Macrophages represent a very interesting cell type with regard to biomaterial-based tissue engineering and regeneration. In this context, macrophages play a crucial role in the biocompatibility and degradation of implanted biomaterials. Furthermore, a better understanding of the functionality of macrophages opens perspectives for potential guidance and modulation to turn inflammation into regeneration. Such knowledge may help to improve not only the biocompatibility of scaffold materials but also the integration, maturation, and preservation of scaffold-cell constructs or induce regeneration. Nowadays, macrophages are classified into two subpopulations, the classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages) with pro-inflammatory properties and the alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) with anti-inflammatory properties. The present narrative review gives an overview of the different functions of macrophages and summarizes the recent state of knowledge regarding different types of macrophages and their functions, with special emphasis on tissue engineering and tissue regeneration.
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23
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Mohamed HT, Kamel G, El-Husseiny N, El-Sharkawy AA, El-Sherif AA, El-Shinawi M, Mohamed MM. Synchrotron Fourier-Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy: Characterization of in vitro polarized tumor-associated macrophages stimulated by the secretome of inflammatory and non-inflammatory breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119367. [PMID: 36202317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggested that the pathogenesis of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is related to inflammatory manifestations accompanied by specific cellular and molecular mechanisms in the IBC tumor microenvironment (TME). IBC is characterized by significantly higher infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that contribute to its metastatic process via secreting many cytokines such as TNF, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 that enhance invasion and angiogenesis. Thus, there is a need to first understand how IBC-TME modulates the polarization of TAMs to better understand the role of TAMs in IBC. Herein, we used gene expression signature and Synchrotron Fourier-Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (SR-μFTIR) to study the molecular and biochemical changes, respectively of in vitro polarized TAMs stimulated by the secretome of IBC and non-IBC cells. The gene expression signature showed significant differences in the macrophage's polarization-related genes between stimulated TAMs. FTIR spectra showed absorption bands in the region of 1700-1500 cm-1 attributed to the amide I ν(C=O), & νAS (CN), δ (NH), and amide II ν(CN), δ (NH) proteins bands. Moreover, three peaks of different intensities and areas were detected in the lipid region of the νCH2 and νCH3 stretching modes positioned within the 3000-2800 cm-1 range. The PCA analysis for the second derivative spectra of the amide regions discriminates between stimulated IBC and non-IBC TAMs. This study showed that IBC and non-IBC TMEs differentially modulate the polarization of TAMs and SR-μFTIR can determine these biochemical changes which will help to better understand the potential role of TAMs in IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Taha Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 12451, Egypt.
| | - Gihan Kamel
- Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME), Allan, Jordan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Noura El-Husseiny
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed A El-Sherif
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez 43511, Egypt
| | - Mona Mostafa Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suez 43511, Egypt
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24
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Fu W, Hou X, Dong L, Hou W. Roles of STAT3 in the pathogenesis and treatment of glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1098482. [PMID: 36923251 PMCID: PMC10009693 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1098482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant of astrocytomas mainly involving the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebral cortex. It is one of the fatal and refractory solid tumors, with a 5-year survival rate of merely 5% among the adults. IL6/JAK/STAT3 is an important signaling pathway involved in the pathogenesis and progression of GBM. The expression of STAT3 in GBM tissues is substantially higher than that of normal brain cells. The abnormal activation of STAT3 renders the tumor microenvironment of GBM immunosuppression. Besides, blocking the STAT3 pathway can effectively inhibit the growth and metastasis of GBM. On this basis, inhibition of STAT3 may be a new therapeutic approach for GBM, and the combination of STAT3 targeted therapy and conventional therapies may improve the current status of GBM treatment. This review summarized the roles of STAT3 in the pathogenesis of GBM and the feasibility of STAT3 for GBM target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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25
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Khan SU, Khan MU, Azhar Ud Din M, Khan IM, Khan MI, Bungau S, Hassan SSU. Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages as a unique approach to target tumor immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166487. [PMID: 37138860 PMCID: PMC10149956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last ten years, it has become increasingly clear that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells drive not just carcinogenesis via cancer-related inflammatory processes, but also tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in particular are the most common kind of leucocyte in many malignancies and play a crucial role in establishing a favorable microenvironment for tumor cells. Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) is vital as the primary immune cell subset in the tumor microenvironment (TME).In order to proliferate and spread to new locations, tumors need to be able to hide from the immune system by creating an immune-suppressive environment. Because of the existence of pro-tumoral TAMs, conventional therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy often fail to restrain cancer growth. These cells are also to blame for the failure of innovative immunotherapies premised on immune-checkpoint suppression. Understanding the series of metabolic changes and functional plasticity experienced by TAMs in the complex TME will help to use TAMs as a target for tumor immunotherapy and develop more effective tumor treatment strategies. This review summarizes the latest research on the TAMs functional status, metabolic changes and focuses on the targeted therapy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Ud Din
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan KPK, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Simona Bungau, ; Syed Shams ul Hassan,
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Simona Bungau, ; Syed Shams ul Hassan,
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26
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Pal S, Saini AK, Kaushal A, Gupta S, Gaur NA, Chhillar AK, Sharma AK, Gupta VK, Saini RV. The Colloquy between Microbiota and the Immune System in Colon Cancer: Repercussions on the Cancer Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3478-3485. [PMID: 36415093 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221122115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and has engrossed researchers' attention toward its detection and prevention at early stages. Primarily associated with genetic and environmental risk factors, the disease has also shown its emergence due to dysbiosis in microbiota. The microbiota not only plays a role in modulating the metabolisms of metastatic tissue but also has a keen role in cancer therapy. The immune cells are responsible for secreting various chemokines and cytokines, and activating pattern recognition receptors by different microbes can lead to the trail by which these cells regulate cancer. Furthermore, mixed immune reactions involving NK cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and lymphocytes have shown their connection with the microbial counterpart of the disease. The microbes like Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Enterococcus faecalis and their metabolites have engendered inflammatory reactions in the tumor microenvironment. Hence the interplay between immune cells and various microbes is utilized to study the changing metastasis stage. Targeting either immune cells or microbiota could not serve as a key to tackling this deadly disorder. However, harnessing their complementation towards the disease can be a powerful weapon for developing therapy and diagnostic/prognostic markers. In this review, we have discussed various immune reactions and microbiome interplay in CRC, intending to evaluate the effectiveness of chemotherapy and immunotherapy and their parallel relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India.,Central Research Cell, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Shagun Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Naseem A Gaur
- Department of Yeast Biofuel, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K Chhillar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak, India
| | - Anil K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Reena V Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India.,Central Research Cell, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
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27
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Small Tweaks, Major Changes: Post-Translational Modifications That Occur within M2 Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225532. [PMID: 36428622 PMCID: PMC9688270 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of proteins are subjected to post-translational modifications (PTMs), regardless of whether they occur in or after biosynthesis of the protein. Capable of altering the physical and chemical properties and functions of proteins, PTMs are thus crucial. By fostering the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells with which they communicate in the tumor microenvironment (TME), M2 macrophages have emerged as key cellular players in the TME. Furthermore, growing evidence illustrates that PTMs can occur in M2 macrophages as well, possibly participating in molding the multifaceted characteristics and physiological behaviors in the TME. Hence, there is a need to review the PTMs that have been reported to occur within M2 macrophages. Although there are several reviews available regarding the roles of M2 macrophages, the majority of these reviews overlooked PTMs occurring within M2 macrophages. Considering this, in this review, we provide a review focusing on the advancement of PTMs that have been reported to take place within M2 macrophages, mainly in the TME, to better understand the performance of M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Incidentally, we also briefly cover the advances in developing inhibitors that target PTMs and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the prediction and analysis of PTMs at the end of the review.
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28
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Faiad OJ, Francisco AMSDC, Brigatte P, Curi R, Sampaio SC. Crotoxin modulates metabolism and secretory activity of peritoneal macrophages from Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. Toxicon 2022; 217:46-55. [PMID: 35981665 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Crotoxin (CTX), the major toxin of Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom, induces an inhibitory effect on tumor development and modulates the functions of macrophages (MØs), which play a key role as a defense mechanism against tumor growth. In early tumor progression stage, MØs are avidly phagocytic (inflammatory cell), releasing reactive nitrogen intermediates-RNI/ROI and cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. However, when the tumor has been developed, tumor-associated MØ (angiogenic cell) presents a decrease in the mentioned activities. We reported that CTX stimulates H2O2 release, NO production and secretion of cytokines by peritoneal MØs obtained from non-tumor-bearing rats. Considering that the mentioned mediators control tumor growth, it is mandatory to investigate whether CTX stimulates the production of these mediators by MØs obtained from tumor-bearing animals. The aim of this work was then to evaluate the CTX effect on metabolism and functions of peritoneal MØs obtained from Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were subcutaneously inoculated in the right flank with 1 mL sterile suspension of 2 × 107 Walker 256 tumor cells. CTX (18 μg per animal) was subcutaneously administered in two protocols: a) on the 1st day of tumor cell injection and b) on the 4th day of tumor cell inoculation. In both protocols, MØs were obtaining on the 14th day of tumor cell inoculation to evaluate the release of H2O2, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6); maximal activity of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and 14CO2 production from [U-14C]-glucose and [U-14C]-glutamine. The treatment with CTX stimulated the release of NO, H2O2, and cytokines, and glucose and glutamine metabolism. Metabolic and functional changes induced by CTX were accompanied by a decrease of tumor growth as indicated by tumor fresh weight and diameter. These results indicate CTX not only as a scientific tool to investigate changes in metabolism and functions of peritoneal MØs but also for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odair Jorge Faiad
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Brigatte
- Faculty of Medicine, University City of São Paulo-UNICID, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro Do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Bioindustrial Center, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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29
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Autophagy-Associated Immunogenic Modulation and Its Applications in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152324. [PMID: 35954167 PMCID: PMC9367255 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a lysosome-mediated cellular degradation pathway, recycles intracellular components to maintain metabolic balance and survival. Autophagy plays an important role in tumor immunotherapy as a “double-edged sword” that can both promote and inhibit tumor progression. Autophagy acts on innate and adaptive immunity and interacts with immune cells to modulate tumor immunotherapy. The discovery of autophagy inducers and autophagy inhibitors also provides new insights for clinical anti-tumor therapy. However, there are also difficulties in the application of autophagy-related regulators, such as low bioavailability and the lack of efficient selectivity. This review focuses on autophagy-related immunogenic regulation and its application in cancer therapy.
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Wang G, Zhong K, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Tang X, Tong A, Zhou L. Tumor-associated microglia and macrophages in glioblastoma: From basic insights to therapeutic opportunities. Front Immunol 2022; 13:964898. [PMID: 35967394 PMCID: PMC9363573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.964898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Currently, the standard treatment of glioblastoma includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite aggressive treatment, the median survival is only 15 months. GBM progression and therapeutic resistance are the results of the complex interactions between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME). TME consists of several different cell types, such as stromal cells, endothelial cells and immune cells. Although GBM has the immunologically “cold” characteristic with very little lymphocyte infiltration, the TME of GBM can contain more than 30% of tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs). TAMs can release cytokines and growth factors to promote tumor proliferation, survival and metastasis progression as well as inhibit the function of immune cells. Thus, TAMs are logical therapeutic targets for GBM. In this review, we discussed the characteristics and functions of the TAMs and evaluated the state of the art of TAMs-targeting strategies in GBM. This review helps to understand how TAMs promote GBM progression and summarizes the present therapeutic interventions to target TAMs. It will possibly pave the way for new immune therapeutic avenues for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Aiping Tong, ; Liangxue Zhou,
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Aiping Tong, ; Liangxue Zhou,
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Alternative CAR Therapies: Recent Approaches in Engineering Chimeric Antigen Receptor Immune Cells to Combat Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071493. [PMID: 35884798 PMCID: PMC9313317 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For nearly three decades, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have captivated the interest of researchers seeking to find novel immunotherapies to treat cancer. CARs were first designed to work with T cells, and the first CAR T cell therapy was approved to treat B cell lymphoma in 2017. Recent advancements in CAR technology have led to the development of modified CARs, including multi-specific CARs and logic gated CARs. Other immune cell types, including natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, have also been engineered to express CARs to treat cancer. Additionally, CAR technology has been adapted in novel approaches to treating autoimmune disease and other conditions and diseases. In this article, we review these recent advancements in alternative CAR therapies and design, as well as their mechanisms of action, challenges in application, and potential future directions.
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Yang J, Hu Y, Zhang B, Liang X, Li X. The JMJD Family Histone Demethylases in Crosstalk Between Inflammation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881396. [PMID: 35558079 PMCID: PMC9090529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has emerged as a key player in regulating cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutics, acting as a double edged sword either facilitating cancer progression and therapeutic resistance or inducing anti-tumor immune responses. Accumulating evidence has linked the epigenetic modifications of histones to inflammation and cancer, and histone modifications-based strategies have shown promising therapeutic potentials against cancer. The jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) family histone demethylases have exhibited multiple regulator functions in inflammatory processes and cancer development, and a number of therapeutic strategies targeting JMJD histone demethylases to modulate inflammatory cells and their products have been successfully evaluated in clinical or preclinical tumor models. This review summarizes current understanding of the functional roles and mechanisms of JMJD histone demethylases in crosstalk between inflammation and cancer, and highlights recent clinical and preclinical progress on harnessing the JMJD histone demethylases to regulate cancer-related inflammation for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Russo M, Nastasi C. Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: A Close Up of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Neutrophils. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871513. [PMID: 35664746 PMCID: PMC9160747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in dynamically regulating cancer progression and influencing the therapeutic outcome is widely accepted and appreciated. Several therapeutic strategies to modify or modulate the TME, like angiogenesis or immune checkpoint inhibitors, showed clinical efficacy and received approval from regulatory authorities. Within recent decades, new promising strategies targeting myeloid cells have been implemented in preclinical cancer models. The predominance of specific cell phenotypes in the TME has been attributed to pro- or anti-tumoral. Hence, their modulation can, in turn, alter the responses to standard-of-care treatments, making them more or less effective. Here, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge and the correlated challenges about the tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils targeting strategies, current treatments, and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Russo
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Pharmacological Research Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Pharmacological Research Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
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Li Q, Chen L, Jin H, Zhao Y, Hao Z, Ma X. Pretreatment Inflammatory Markers Predict Outcomes and Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Patients With Synchronous Liver Metastasis. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2022; 16:11795549221084851. [PMID: 35355514 PMCID: PMC8958682 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221084851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pretreatment inflammatory markers were applied to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer. However, the role of these markers in predicting survival in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) is rarely reported. Notably, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) was mainly reported in hematologic malignancies and is worth to be further explored to predict the survival of synchronous CLM. Methods Totally, 196 patients who were diagnosed with synchronous CLM were enrolled. Their clinical and laboratory data before treatment were collected, retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the inflammatory biomarkers. Results LMR (P = .002) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P = .017) were significantly related to the progression-free survival (PFS). More factors such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P = .011), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) (P = .001), number of metastatic foci (P = .006), and adjuvant chemotherapy (P = .027) were correlated with overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis, LMR remained statistically associated with PFS (P = .003). Regarding OS, LMR (P = .016) and LDH (P = .013) were significantly independent predictive factors. Conclusions The higher LMR and lower LDH were strongly correlated with better survival in synchronous CLM patients. In addition, the result also indicated that enhanced LMR was related to better PFS. The LMR and LDH can be used to predict prognosis of the synchronous CLM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuelei Ma
- Xuelei Ma, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Baradaran A, Asadzadeh Z, Hemmat N, Baghbanzadeh A, Shadbad MA, Khosravi N, Derakhshani A, Alemohammad H, Afrashteh Nour M, Safarpour H, Silvestris N, Brunetti O, Baradaran B. The cross-talk between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor endothelium: Recent advances in macrophage-based cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112588. [PMID: 35062062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the abundant cell populations of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which have pivotal roles in tumor development, chemoresistance, immune evasion, and metastasis. Growing evidence indicates that TAMs and the cross-talk between TAMs and tumoral endothelial cells can substantially contribute to tumor angiogenesis, which is considered a vital process for cancer development. Besides, tumoral endothelial cells can regulate the leukocyte infiltration to the TME in solid cancers and contribute to immune evasion. Therefore, targeting the immunosuppressive TAMs and the cross-talk between them can be a promising strategy for improving anti-tumoral immune responses. This review aims to summarize the biology of TAMs, their recently identified roles in tumor development/angiogenesis, and recent advances in macrophage-based cancer immunotherapy approaches for treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Baradaran
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Research & Development, BSD Robotics, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Khosravi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Hajar Alemohammad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Afrashteh Nour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit-IRCCS IstitutoTumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology DIMO-University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit-IRCCS IstitutoTumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Zhu S, Yi M, Wu Y, Dong B, Wu K. Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression: implications on therapeutic strategies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:60. [PMID: 34965886 PMCID: PMC8715617 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that present as different functional phenotypes due to their plasticity. They can be classified into two categories, namely M1- and M2-like macrophages, which are involved in processes as diverse as anti-tumor activity and immunosuppressive tumor promotion. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are defined as being of an M2-type and are considered as the active component in tumor microenvironment. TAMs are involved in multiple processes of tumor progression through the expression of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, protein hydrolases and more, which lead to enhance tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression, which in turn supports invasion and metastasis. It is assumed that the abundance of TAMs in major solid tumors is correlated to a negative patient prognosis. Because of the currently available data of the TAMs’ role in tumor development, these cells have emerged as a promising target for novel cancer treatment strategies. In this paper, we will briefly describe the origins and types of TAMs and will try to comprehensively show how TAMs contribute to tumorigenesis and disease progression. Finally, we will present the main TAM-based therapeutic strategies currently available.
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Pimenta DB, Varela VA, Datoguia TS, Caraciolo VB, Lopes GH, Pereira WO. The Bone Marrow Microenvironment Mechanisms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764698. [PMID: 34869355 PMCID: PMC8639599 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a highly complex tissue that provides important regulatory signals to orchestrate hematopoiesis. Resident and transient cells occupy and interact with some well characterized niches to produce molecular and cellular mechanisms that interfere with differentiation, migration, survival, and proliferation in this microenvironment. The acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common and severe hematological neoplasm in adults, arises and develop in the BM. The osteoblastic, vascular, and reticular niches provide surface co-receptors, soluble factors, cytokines, and chemokines that mediate important functions on hematopoietic cells and leukemic blasts. There are some evidences of how AML modify the architecture and function of these three BM niches, but it has been still unclear how essential those modifications are to maintain AML development. Basic studies and clinical trials have been suggesting that disturbing specific cells and molecules into the BM niches might be able to impair leukemia competencies. Either through niche-specific molecule inhibition alone or in combination with more traditional drugs, the bone marrow microenvironment is currently considered the potential target for new strategies to treat AML patients. This review describes the cellular and molecular constitution of the BM niches under healthy and AML conditions, presenting this anatomical compartment by a new perspective: as a prospective target for current and next generation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Bifano Pimenta
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Araujo Varela
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarcila Santos Datoguia
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victória Bulcão Caraciolo
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Herculano Lopes
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Welbert Oliveira Pereira
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen T, Wang Y, Nan Z, Wu J, Li A, Zhang T, Qu X, Li C. Interaction Between Macrophage Extracellular Traps and Colon Cancer Cells Promotes Colon Cancer Invasion and Correlates With Unfavorable Prognosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:779325. [PMID: 34925357 PMCID: PMC8671452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMacrophage extracellular traps (METs) and tumor-infiltrating macrophages contribute to the progression of several diseases. But the role of METs and tumor-infiltrating macrophages in colon cancer (CC) has not been illuminated. In this study, we aimed to clarify the prognostic value of METs for CC patients and to explore the interaction between CC cells and METs in vitro and in vivo.MethodsA training cohort consisting of 116 patients and a validation cohort of 94 patients were enrolled in this study. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was conducted to determine METs formation in CC patients. Cox regression was used to perform prognostic analysis and screen out the best prognostic model. A nomogram was established to predict 5-year overall survival (OS). The correlation between METs with clinicopathological features and inflammatory markers was analyzed. The formation of METs in vitro was detected by SYTOX® green and IF staining, and the effect of METs on CC cells was detected by transwell assays. PAD2-IN-1, a selective inhibitor of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2), was introduced to destroy the crosstalk between CC cells and METs in vitro and in vivo.ResultsMETs levels were higher in CC tissues and were an independent prognostic factor for CC patients. The prognostic model consisting of age, tumors local invasion, lymph node metastasis and METs were confirmed to be consistent and accurate for predicting the 5-year OS of CC patients. Besides, METs were correlated with distant metastasis and inflammation. Through in vitro experiments, we confirmed that there was a positive feedback loop between CC cells and METs, in that METs promoted the invasion of CC cells and CC cells enhanced the production of METs, in turn. This interaction could be blocked by PAD2-IN-1 inhibitors. More importantly, animal experiments revealed that PAD2-IN-1 inhibited METs formation and CC liver metastasis in vivo.ConclusionsMETs were the potential biomarker of CC patient prognosis. PAD2-IN-1 inhibited the crosstalk between CC cells and METs in vitro and in vivo, which should be emphasized in CC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaodi Nan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ailu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Tingguo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xun Qu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Li,
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Prognostic Matrisomal Gene Panel and Its Association with Immune Cell Infiltration in Head and Neck Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225761. [PMID: 34830910 PMCID: PMC8616409 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from squamous cells lining different anatomic sites. This type of malignancy has been mainly investigated by focusing primarily on tumor cells, but recent evidence highlighted the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer growth, progression and metastasis. Hence, we hypothesized that dysregulated matrisomal components could have a common association with patient survival, irrespective of the subsite of origin of the SCCHN. Using bioinformatic methods and public datasets, we successfully identified a gene panel with prognostic value in HPV-negative and non-metastatic node-negative tumors and demonstrated its association with immune cell infiltration. Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is common worldwide and related to several risk factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, poor dentition and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Different etiological factors may influence the tumor microenvironment and play a role in dictating response to therapeutics. Here, we sought to investigate whether an early-stage SCCHN-specific prognostic matrisome-derived gene signature could be identified for HPV-negative SCCHN patients (n = 168), by applying a bioinformatics pipeline to the publicly available SCCHN-TCGA dataset. We identified six matrisome-derived genes with high association with prognostic outcomes in SCCHN. A six-gene risk score, the SCCHN TMI (SCCHN-tumor matrisome index: composed of MASP1, EGFL6, SFRP5, SPP1, MMP8 and P4HA1) was constructed and used to stratify patients into risk groups. Using machine learning-based deconvolution methods, we found that the risk groups were characterized by a differing abundance of infiltrating immune cells. This work highlights the key role of immune infiltration cells in the overall survival of patients affected by HPV-negative SCCHN. The identified SCCHN TMI represents a genomic tool that could potentially aid patient stratification and selection for therapy in these patients.
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Moving towards the Future of Radio-Immunotherapy: Could We “Tailor” the Abscopal Effect on Head and Neck Cancer Patients? IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The abscopal effect (AbE) is defined as radiation-induced shrinkage of distant, non-treated, neoplastic lesions and it is considered the best clinical picture of the efficient immune stimulation by irradiation. The first report about abscopal tumor regression upon radiotherapy dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. The growing preclinical and clinical synergism between radiation and immunotherapy gave birth the purpose to more easily reproduce the abscopal effect, nevertheless, it is still rare in clinical practice. In this review we summarize immunological modulation of radiotherapy, focusing on the well-balanced equilibrium of tumor microenvironment and how radio-immunotherapy combinations can perturb it, with particular attention on head and neck squamous cell cancer. Finally, we investigate future perspectives, with the aim to “tailor” the abscopal effect to the patient.
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Huang X, Pan T, Yan L, Jin T, Zhang R, Chen B, Feng J, Duan T, Xiang Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Yang Z, Zhang W, Ding X, Xie T, Sui X. The inflammatory microenvironment and the urinary microbiome in the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. Genes Dis 2021; 8:781-797. [PMID: 34522708 PMCID: PMC8427242 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may play a critical role in various malignancies, including bladder cancer. This hypothesis stems in part from inflammatory cells observed in the urethral microenvironment. Chronic inflammation may drive neoplastic transformation and the progression of bladder cancer by activating a series of inflammatory molecules and signals. Recently, it has been shown that the microbiome also plays an important role in the development and progression of bladder cancer, which can be mediated through the stimulation of chronic inflammation. In effect, the urinary microbiome can play a role in establishing the inflammatory urethral microenvironment that may facilitate the development and progression of bladder cancer. In other words, chronic inflammation caused by the urinary microbiome may promote the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. Here, we provide a detailed and comprehensive account of the link between chronic inflammation, the microbiome and bladder cancer. Finally, we highlight that targeting the urinary microbiome might enable the development of strategies for bladder cancer prevention and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Lili Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Ting Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Bi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Ting Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Zuyi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Xia Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
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Calì B, Agnellini AHR, Cioccarelli C, Sanchez-Rodriguez R, Predonzani A, Toffolo GI, Viola A, Bronte V, Arrigoni G, Zonta F, Albertoni L, Mescoli C, Marigo I, Molon B. GM-CSF Nitration Is a New Driver of Myeloid Suppressor Cell Activity in Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718098. [PMID: 34675917 PMCID: PMC8523982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, including RNS, contribute to the control of multiple immune cell functions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) represent the archetype of tolerogenic cells that actively contribute to dismantle effective immunity against cancer. TIMs inhibit T cell functions and promote tumor progression by several mechanisms including the amplification of the oxidative/nitrosative stress within the TME. In tumors, TIM expansion and differentiation is regulated by the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which is produced by cancer and immune cells. Nevertheless, the role of GM-CSF in tumors has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that GM-CSF activity is significantly affected by RNS-triggered post-translational modifications. The nitration of a single tryptophan residue in the sequence of GM-CSF nourishes the expansion of highly immunosuppressive myeloid subsets in tumor-bearing hosts. Importantly, tumors from colorectal cancer patients express higher levels of nitrated tryptophan compared to non-neoplastic tissues. Collectively, our data identify a novel and selective target that can be exploited to remodel the TME and foster protective immunity against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Calì
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrielly H R Agnellini
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Oncology and Immunology Section, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cioccarelli
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Ricardo Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Verona University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Zonta
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Laura Albertoni
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Mescoli
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Molon
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
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43
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The Microenvironment's Role in Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome: From Progression to Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102780. [PMID: 34685762 PMCID: PMC8534987 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome (SS) are the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. It has been hypothesized that the interaction between the immune system, cutaneous cells, and neoplastic elements may play a role in MF/SS pathogenesis and progression. METHODS This paper aims to revise in a narrative way our current knowledge of the microenvironment's role in MF/SS. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Literature data support a possible implication of microenvironment cells in MF/SS pathogenesis and progression, opening up new therapeutic avenues.
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Xu Z, Zhang J, Zhong Y, Mai Y, Huang D, Wei W, Huang J, Zhao P, Lin F, Jin J. Predictive value of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27244. [PMID: 34559125 PMCID: PMC8462614 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that inflammation and immune system are related to prostate cancer. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), as well as the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), have already been proposed as new indices to help diagnose prostate cancer (PCa). However, the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) with regard to PCa has rarely been mentioned.To investigate the capability of the MLR to predict PCa.Patients who were pathologically diagnosed with PCa in our hospital and healthy control subjects who conformed to the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Patient data were recorded, including age, complete blood counts, blood biochemistry, and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The differences in these data between the groups were analyzed and the diagnostic value of the MLR was compared with PSA.Our study included a total of 100 patients with PCa and 103 healthy control subjects. Patients with PCa presented with a significantly higher NLR, MLR, and PLR compared to control subjects. However, the hemoglobin and lymphocyte levels were lower (P < .05) in PCa patients. The area under the curve (AUC) of PSA and ratio of free/total serum prostate-specific antigen were 0.899 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.857-0.942) and 0.872 (95% CI: 0.818-0.926), respectively, while the AUC of the MLR was 0.852 (95% CI: 0.798-0.906), which was higher than that of the NLR, PLR, and any other blood parameters. Additionally, the optimal cut-off value of the MLR for PCa was 0.264, with a specificity of 87.4% and a sensitivity of 72.0%. An evaluation of the diagnostic value of MLR + PSA gave an AUC of 0.936 (95% CI: 0.902-0.970). However, the AUC of MLR + PSA + f/tPSA was 0.996 (95% CI: 0.991-1.000). The diagnostic value of MLR + NLR + PSA gave an AUC of 0.945 (95% CI: 0.913-0.977), and the specificity is 0.971.PSA remains the most important diagnostic indicator. MLR combined with PSA and f/tPSA has the higher predictive value than PSA. It suggests that MLR may be another good predictive indicator of PCa. It can help reduce the clinical false positive rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Xu
- Department of Urology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Zhong
- Department of Urology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuan Mai
- Department of Urology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Danxuan Huang
- Health Management Center, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Urology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Urology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Pengpeng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fuxiang Lin
- Department of Urology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jingmiao Jin
- Department of Urology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, PR China
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45
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Conlon C, Pupa L, Reece EM, Chu CK, Yu JZ, Vorstenbosch J, Winocour S. When Benign Becomes Cancer: Malignant Degeneration of Chronic Inflammation. Semin Plast Surg 2021; 35:159-163. [PMID: 34526863 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, long implicated in the genesis of malignancy, is now understood to underlie an estimated 25% of all cancers. The most pertinent malignancies, to the plastic surgeon, associated with the degeneration of chronic inflammation include Marjolin's ulcer, breast implant-associated large cell lymphoma, radiation-induced sarcoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma. The cellular and genetic damage incurred by a prolonged inflammatory reaction is controlled by an increasingly understood cytokinetic system. Advances in understanding the chronic inflammatory cascade have yielded new therapeutics and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Conlon
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren Pupa
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Edward M Reece
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Carrie K Chu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Jessie Z Yu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Sebastian Winocour
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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46
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Lai F, Zhang H, Xu B, Xie Y, Yu H. Long non-coding RNA NBR2 suppresses the progress of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo by regulating the polarization of TAM. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5462-5475. [PMID: 34506209 PMCID: PMC8806745 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1958558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) threatens the health of patients with high mortality, which lacks sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis to improve total survival. The lncRNA NBR2 is reported to be downregulated in CRC and suppresses the proliferation of CRC cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory function of the lncRNA NBR2 on tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization and its consequent anti-tumor effect. Two CRC cell lines were used in this study. We found that the lncRNA NBR2, TNF-α, and HLA-DR were downregulated, and Arg-1, CD163, CD206, and IL-4 were upregulated in CRC tumors. M1 polarization was activated and M2 polarization was suppressed in NBR2-overexpressed macrophages, accompanied by increased production of inflammatory factors, decreased proliferation, and inhibited migration ability in the co-culture system of HCT-116 cells (SW480 cells) and NBR2-overexpressed macrophages. The promoted proliferation and migration were observed in the co-culture system of HCT-116 cells (SW480 cells) and NBR2-knockdown macrophages. The tumor growth of both HCT-116 cells and SW480 cells in the xenograft model was suppressed by co-planting NBR2-overexpressed macrophages and was facilitated by the co-planting of NBR2-knockdown macrophages. The release of inflammatory factors was induced, M1 polarization was facilitated, and M2 polarization was suppressed in tumor tissues in the NBR2-overexpressed group, which were all reversed in the NBR2-knockdown group. Therefore, the lncRNA NBR2 suppressed the progression of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo by regulating TAM polarization.
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47
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Stary V, Wolf B, Unterleuthner D, List J, Talic M, Laengle J, Beer A, Strobl J, Stary G, Dolznig H, Bergmann M. Short-course radiotherapy promotes pro-inflammatory macrophages via extracellular vesicles in human rectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000667. [PMID: 32817359 PMCID: PMC7437887 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) constitute the most abundant immune cells in the tumor stroma initiating pro-inflammatory (M1) or immunosuppressive (M2) responses depending on their polarization status. Advances in tumor immunotherapy call for a detailed understanding of potential immunogenic mechanisms of irradiation routinely applied in rectal cancer patients. METHODS To test the effects of radiotherapy on TAM, we ex vivo irradiated tissue samples of human rectal cancer and assessed the phenotype by flow cytometry. We furthermore evaluated the distribution of leucocyte subsets in tissue sections of patients after short-course radiotherapy and compared findings to non-pretreated rectal cancer using an immunostaining approach. Organotypic assays (OTA) consisting of macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblast and cancer cell lines were used to dissect the immunological consequences of irradiation in macrophages. RESULTS We demonstrate that short-course neoadjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients is associated with a shift in the polarization of TAM towards an M1-like pro-inflammatory phenotype. In addition, ex vivo irradiation caused an increase in the phagocytic activity and enhanced expression of markers associated with stimulatory signals necessary for T-cell activation. In OTA we observed that this alteration in macrophage polarization could be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from irradiated tumor cells. We identified high mobility group box 1 in EV from irradiated tumor cells as a potential effector signal in that crosstalk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight macrophages as potential effector cells upon irradiation in rectal cancer by diminishing their immunosuppressive phenotype and activate pro-inflammation. Our data indicate that clinically applied short-term radiotherapy for rectal cancer may be exploited to stimulate immunogenic macrophages and suggest to target the polarization status of macrophages to enhance future immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stary
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Wolf
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Unterleuthner
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia List
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Merjem Talic
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Laengle
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Beer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Strobl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bergmann
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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48
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Chamseddine AN, Assi T, Mir O, Chouaib S. Modulating tumor-associated macrophages to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A TAM-pting approach. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107986. [PMID: 34481812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) plasticity and diversity are both essential hallmarks of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and the tumor-derived inflammation. TAM exemplify the perfect adaptable cell with dynamic phenotypic modifications that reflect changes in their functional polarization status. Under several tumor microenvironment (TME)-related cues, TAM shift their polarization, hence promoting or halting cancer progression. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) displayed unprecedented clinical responses in various refractory cancers; but only approximately a third of patients experienced durable responses. It is, therefore, crucial to enhance the response rate of immunotherapy. Several mechanisms of resistance to ICI have been elucidated including TAM role with its essential immunosuppressive functions that reduce both anti-tumor immunity and the subsequent ICI efficacy. In the past few years, thorough research has led to a better understanding of TAM biology and innovative approaches can now be adapted through targeting macrophages' recruitment axis as well as TAM activation and polarization status within the TME. Some of these therapeutic strategies are currently being evaluated in several clinical trials in association with ICI agents. This combination between TAM modulation and ICI allows targeting TAM intrinsic immunosuppressive functions and tumor-promoting factors as well as overcoming ICI resistance. Hence, such strategies, with a better understanding of the mechanisms driving TAM modulation, may have the potential to optimize ICI efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali N Chamseddine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, CESP INSERM U1018, OncoStat, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Tarek Assi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Mir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Department of Pharmacology, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Department of Ambulatory Care, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
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Zhukova OV, Arkhipova EV, Kovaleva TF, Ryabov SA, Ivanova IP, Golovacheva AA, Zykova DA, Zaitsev SD. Immunopharmacological Properties of Methacrylic Acid Polymers as Potential Polymeric Carrier Constituents of Anticancer Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:4855. [PMID: 34443443 PMCID: PMC8402103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytostatic chemotherapeutics provide a classical means to treat cancer, but conventional treatments have not increased in efficacy in the past years, warranting a search for new approaches to therapy. The aim of the study was, therefore, to obtain methacrylic acid (MAA) (co)polymers and to study their immunopharmacological properties. 4-Cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl] pentanoic acid (CDSPA) and 2-cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate (CPDT) were used as reversible chain transfer agents. Experiments were carried out in Wistar rats. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the polymeric systems on peritoneal macrophages. An experimental tumor model was obtained by grafting RMK-1 breast cancer cells. Serum cytokine levels of tumor-bearing rats were analyzed. The chain transfer agents employed in classical radical polymerization substantially reduced the molecular weight of the resulting polymers, but a narrow molecular weight distribution was achieved only with CDSPA and high CPDT concentrations. Toxicity was not observed when incubating peritoneal macrophages with polymeric systems. In tumor-bearing rats, the IL-10 concentration was 1.7 times higher and the IL-17 concentration was less than half that of intact rats. Polymeric systems decreased the IL-10 concentration and normalized the IL-17 concentration in tumor-bearing rats. The maximum effect was observed for a MAA homopolymer with a high molecular weight. The anion-active polymers proposed as carrier constituents are promising for further studies and designs of carrier constituents of drug derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Zhukova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.A.); (T.F.K.); (D.A.Z.)
| | - Evgenia V. Arkhipova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.A.); (T.F.K.); (D.A.Z.)
| | - Tatyana F. Kovaleva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.A.); (T.F.K.); (D.A.Z.)
| | - Sergey A. Ryabov
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.P.I.); (A.A.G.); (S.D.Z.)
| | - Irina. P. Ivanova
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.P.I.); (A.A.G.); (S.D.Z.)
| | - Anna A. Golovacheva
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.P.I.); (A.A.G.); (S.D.Z.)
| | - Daria A. Zykova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.A.); (T.F.K.); (D.A.Z.)
| | - Sergey D. Zaitsev
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.R.); (I.P.I.); (A.A.G.); (S.D.Z.)
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50
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Tumor Necrosis with Adjunction of Preoperative Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a New Risk Stratification Marker Can Independently Predict Poor Outcomes in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132983. [PMID: 34279467 PMCID: PMC8267944 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed at investigating the prognostic impact of tumor necrosis and preoperative monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). METHODS A total of 521 patients with UTUC treated with RNU from January 2008 to June 2019 at our institution were enrolled. Histological tumor necrosis was defined as the presence of microscopic coagulative necrosis. The optimal value of MLR was determined as 0.4 by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on cancer-specific mortality. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to evaluate the impact of tumor necrosis and MLR on overall (OS), cancer-specific (CSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Furthermore, ROC analysis was used to estimate the predictive ability of potential prognostic factors for oncological outcomes. RESULTS Tumor necrosis was present in 106 patients (20%), which was significantly associated with tumor location, high pathological tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, tumor size, and increased monocyte counts. On multivariate analysis, the combination of tumor necrosis and preoperative MLR was an independent prognosticator of OS, CSS, and RFS (all p < 0.05). Moreover, ROC analyses revealed the predictive accuracy of a combination of tumor necrosis and preoperative MLR for OS, CSS, and RFS with the area under the ROC curve of 0.745, 0.810, and 0.782, respectively (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The combination of tumor necrosis and preoperative MLR can be used as an independent prognosticator in patients with UTUC after RNU. The identification of this combination could help physicians to recognize high-risk patients with unfavorable outcomes and devise more appropriate postoperative treatment plans.
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