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Zhang L, Kuo HC, Duhon BH, Adunka OF, Dodson EE, Hardesty DA, Prevedello DM, Otero JJ, Ren Y. Identifying Tumor Microenvironment Biomarkers in Adherent and Cystic Vestibular Schwannomas. Otol Neurotol 2024; 45:e113-e122. [PMID: 38082472 PMCID: PMC10843289 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000004073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A subset of vestibular schwannomas (VSs), including cystic tumors, have higher postoperative morbidity because of the presence of adhesions between the tumor, facial nerve (FN), and brainstem. We identify tumor microenvironment (TME) biomarkers to better classify these tumors and predict the degree of tumor adherence. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Tertiary skull base referral center. METHODS Adult patients with cystic and solid VS matched in tumor size who underwent surgical resection were included. Expressions of seven biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodeling and tumor immune response were quantified via immunohistochemistry. The distribution of CD45+ immune cells was evaluated in intratumoral and perivascular compartments. The degree of tumor adherence was categorized as none, adherent to FN, or adherent to both FN and brainstem. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients were included. Cystic VSs were significantly more adherent than solid VSs ( p = 0.02). Patients with adherent VS had shorter duration of symptoms and were more likely to undergo subtotal resection. In solid tumors, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression ( p = 0.02) and CD163+ macrophage infiltration ( p = 0.007) were correlated with tumor size. Linear discriminant analyses (LDAs) demonstrated MMP-2, MMP-14, CD80, CD163, and perivascular CD45 to be individually predictive of the degree of tumor adherence (all p < 0.05), with perivascular CD45 being the best independent predictor ( p = 0.005). An LDA model including these biomarkers demonstrated 100% accurate discrimination of all three levels of tumor adherence ( p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Adherent VS have a distinct proinflammatory TME characterized by elevated MMP expression, enrichment of tumor-associated macrophages, and perivascular immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zhang
- Division of Otology, Neurotology and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hsuan-Chih Kuo
- Division of Otology, Neurotology and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bailey H. Duhon
- Division of Otology, Neurotology and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Oliver F. Adunka
- Division of Otology, Neurotology and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward E. Dodson
- Division of Otology, Neurotology and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Douglas A. Hardesty
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel M. Prevedello
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jose J. Otero
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yin Ren
- Division of Otology, Neurotology and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Wang Y, Li Z, Huang Z, Yu X, Zheng L, Xu J. Corrigendum: C-reactive protein is an indicator of the immunosuppressive microenvironment fostered by myeloid cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1280727. [PMID: 37941560 PMCID: PMC10628891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1280727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.774823.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingjuan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry Of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Liu J, Xu Y, Tang H, Liu X, Sun Y, Wu T, Gao M, Chen P, Hong H, Huang G, Zhou Y. miR‑137 is a diagnostic tumor‑suppressive miRNA that targets SPHK2 to promote M1‑type tumor‑associated macrophage polarization. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:397. [PMID: 37533491 PMCID: PMC10390856 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression level of microRNA (miR)-137 in glioma tissues and cell lines and explored its potential diagnostic significance as well as its function effects on glioma cells. miR-137 expression level was detected in glioma tissues using in situ hybridization, and in glioma cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The diagnostic significance of miR-137 in glioma was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Quantibody® Human Inflammation Array 1 was used to evaluate the impact of ectopic miR-137 expression on release of cytokines in glioma cell lines. IL-13, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were detected using ELISA. To confirm that sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) is a target of miR-137, RT-qPCR, western blot analysis and dual-luciferase assay were adopted. The results demonstrated that miR-137 expression was downregulated in both glioma tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of miR-137 was significantly associated with high grade gliomas. Additionally, it was found that overexpression of miR-137 reduced IL-13, but promoted TNFα and IFN-γ production. SPHK2 knockdown inhibited IL-13 release, promoted TNF-α and IFN-γ production. SPHK2 was a direct target of miR-137. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that miR-137 expression plays a tumor-suppressive role in glioma. It is downregulated in glioma and may promote M1-type TAMs polarization, and may be a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic strategy for glioma treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Translational Medicine Institute, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Han Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
| | - Huixia Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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Sprenkle NT, Serezani CH, Pua HH. MicroRNAs in Macrophages: Regulators of Activation and Function. J Immunol 2023; 210:359-368. [PMID: 36724439 PMCID: PMC10316964 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are sentinels of the innate immune system that maintain tissue homeostasis and contribute to inflammatory responses. Their broad scope of action depends on both functional heterogeneity and plasticity. Small noncoding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to macrophage function as post-transcriptional inhibitors of target gene networks. Genetic and pharmacologic studies have uncovered genes regulated by miRNAs that control macrophage cellular programming and macrophage-driven pathology. miRNAs control proinflammatory M1-like activation, immunoregulatory M2-like macrophage activation, and emerging macrophage functions in metabolic disease and innate immune memory. Understanding the gene networks regulated by individual miRNAs enhances our understanding of the spectrum of macrophage function at steady state and during responses to injury or pathogen invasion, with the potential to develop miRNA-based therapies. This review aims to consolidate past and current studies investigating the complexity of the miRNA interactome to provide the reader with a mechanistic view of how miRNAs shape macrophage behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Vandebilt Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Heather H Pua
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Vandebilt Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Reid T, Oronsky B, Caroen S, Quinn M, Williams J, Cabrales P, Abrouk N. Phase 1 pilot study of RRx-001 + nivolumab in patients with advanced metastatic cancer (PRIMETIME). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104753. [PMID: 36960054 PMCID: PMC10028591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bromonitrozidine (RRx-001) is a minimally toxic, NLRP3 inhibitor that has been observed, in experimental systems, to also downregulate CD47, repolarize tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and normalize aberrant tumor perfusion. This phase 1 pilot study was undertaken to determine the safety and feasibility of RRx-001 and nivolumab in patients with advanced cancer and no standard options. Methods This single arm, single site, open-label pilot study (NCT02518958) called PRIMETIME was designed to evaluate the safety profile of RRx-001 and nivolumab in patients with advanced malignancies and no other standard therapeutic options. A 3 + 3 trial design was used to establish safety of the combination at each dose level and guide the decision to escalate dose. RRx-001 is infused once weekly while nivolumab is given at 3mg/kg once every 2 weeks. The RRx-001 starting dose was 2 mg IV weekly with 4 dose level escalations up to 16 mg IV weekly. From January 2015 to November 2015, twelve patients received treatment for only 4 cycles (total 12 weeks) with the combination due to unavailability of nivolumab, which was not supplied to the Sponsor. Treatment-emergent (all cause, TEAEs) and treatment-related (TRAEs) adverse events that occurred within 16 weeks of the first dose of RRx-001 and nivolumab were characterized according to CTCAE v4.03. Results Twelve patients received ≥1 dose of RRx-001 and nivolumab. One discontinuation occurred due to pneumonitis and one to voluntary withdrawal after a post-procedural infection. There were no DLTs. The main adverse event related to RRx-001 was infusion reaction (33.3%). The main adverse event related to the combination was pseudoprogression manifested by larger tumors in patients that were symptomatically improved (25%). The most common immune-related treatment-emergent AEs were pneumonitis (8.3%), and hypothyroidism (8.3%). The objective response rate at 12 weeks was 25% and the disease control rate (DCR) consisting of ≥SD was 67% by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. 25% of the patients progressed on the combination. Conclusions The combination of RRx-001 and nivolumab was safe and well-tolerated with preliminary evidence of anti-cancer activity. Further clinical trials with RRx-001 and nivolumab are warranted. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02518958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Reid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Bryan Oronsky
- EpicentRx, Torrey Pines, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bryan Oronsky,
| | | | - Mary Quinn
- EpicentRx, Torrey Pines, CA, United States
| | | | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nacer Abrouk
- Clinical Trial Innovations, Mountain View, CA, United States
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Zhang W, Jiang X, Zou Y, Yuan L, Wang X. Pexidartinib synergize PD-1 antibody through inhibiting treg infiltration by reducing TAM-derived CCL22 in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1092767. [PMID: 36969873 PMCID: PMC10030616 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1092767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a crosstalk between Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and tumor-infiltrating T cells in tumor environment. TAM could inhibit the activity of cytotoxic T cells; TAM could also regulate the composition of T cells in tumor immune environment. The combination therapy for TAM and tumor infiltrated T cells has been widely noticed, but the crosstalk between TAM and tumor infiltrated T cells remains unclear in the process of combination therapy. We treated lung adenocarcinoma tumor models with pexidartinib, which targets macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR) and c-kit tyrosine kinase, to inhibited TAM. Pexidartinib inhibited the ratio of macrophages in the tumor and also altered macrophage polarization. In addition to reprogram TAM, pexidartinib also changed the composition of tumor-invasive T cells. After pexidartinib treatment, the total number of T cells, CD8+ T cells and Treg cells were all decreased, the ratio of CD8+T/Treg increased significantly. According to the analysis of cytokines and chemokines during the treatment of pexidartinib, CCL22, as a chemokine for Treg recruitment, significantly decreased after the treatment of pexidartinib. Base on the above observation, the combination of pexidartinib and PD-1 antibody were used in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma subcutaneous tumor model, the combination therapy has significantly improved the efficacy of tumor treatment compared with the monotherapy. Meanwhile, compared with pexidartinib monotherapy, the combination treatment further switches the polarization status of tumor-associated macrophages. In summary, our results showed that the combination of pexidartinib and PD-1 antibody showed a synergy and significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy, through pexidartinib increasing CD8T/Treg ratio by reducing TAM-derived CCL22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Emergency and Disaster Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youcheng Zou
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lihua Yuan, ; Xiaobo Wang,
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lihua Yuan, ; Xiaobo Wang,
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Wu H, Li Y, Shi G, Du S, Wang X, Ye W, Zhang Z, Chu Y, Ma S, Wang D, Li Y, Chen Z, Birnbaumer L, Wang Z, Yang Y. Hepatic interferon regulatory factor 8 expression suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression and enhances the response to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 therapy. Hepatology 2022; 76:1602-1616. [PMID: 34989013 PMCID: PMC9256853 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Therapeutic blockade of the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint pathways has resulted in significant reactivation of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity and is a promising clinical anticancer treatment modality in several tumor types, but the durable response rate remains relatively low (15%-20%) in most patients with HCC for unknown reasons. Evidence reveals that the interferon signaling pathway plays a critical role in modulating the efficacy and sensitivity of anti-PD-1 therapy against multiple tumor types, but the mechanisms are unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis based on HCC databases, we found that deceased expression of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 8 in HCC, among all the nine IRF members that regulate interferon signals, was associated with poor prognosis of patients with HCC. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis identified the interferon-gamma and PD-1 signaling signatures as the top suppressed pathways in patients with IRF8-low HCC. Contrarily, overexpression of IRF8 in HCC cells significantly enhanced antitumor effects in immune-competent mice, modulating infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T cell exhaustion in tumor microenvironment. We further demonstrated that IRF8 regulated recruitment of TAMs by inhibiting the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20). Mechanically, IRF8-mediated repression of c-fos transcription resulted in decreased expression of CCL20, rather than directly bound to CCL20 promoter region. Importantly, adeno-associated virus 8-mediated hepatic IRF8 rescue significantly suppressed HCC progression and enhanced the response to anti-PD-1 therapy. CONCLUSIONS This work identified IRF8 as an important prognostic biomarker in patients with HCC that predicted the response and sensitivity to anti-PD-1 therapy and uncovered it as a therapeutic target for enhancing the efficacy of immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Guangjiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Shijia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Wanli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Ya Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Shuqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Dajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107AFF, Argentina, and Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
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Wang Y, Li Z, Huang Z, Yu X, Zheng L, Xu J. C-Reactive Protein Is an Indicator of the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment Fostered by Myeloid Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:774823. [PMID: 35070979 PMCID: PMC8770831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.774823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used marker of systemic inflammation and predicts poor clinical outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its significance in the local immune response at the tumor site is not clear. METHODS Serum CRP levels of 329 HCC patients were detected before resection. Paired paraffin-embedded tumor samples were used to quantify immune cell populations, such as CD11b+ myeloid cells, CD68+ macrophages (Mφs), CD15+ neutrophils, CD8+ T cells, and CD206+, CD204+, CD163+ and CD169+ Mφs, by immunohistochemistry. Enrichment scores for 34 types of immune cells based on transcriptome data from 24 HCC samples were calculated by xCell. Overall survival of patients was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Serum CRP levels were correlated with liver functions and tumor stages in patients with HCC. The densities of CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD15+ tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) were significantly higher in patients with elevated serum CRP levels than in those with low CRP levels (both p < 0.0001). Further analysis of TAM subtypes revealed that serum CRP levels were associated with CD204+ and CD163+ Mφ densities (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0003, respectively). Moreover, transcriptome data showed that CRP expression was associated with the expression of myeloid cell infiltration-related genes in HCC tumors. The combination of serum CRP with TAMs or TANs in both the nontumor and intratumor regions could represent a powerful criterion for predicting patient prognoses. CONCLUSION Serum CRP could serve as an indicator of an immunosuppressive TME in HCC, which could be of potential clinical application for treatment strategies targeting the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingjuan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry Of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Wei C, Chen M, Deng W, Bie L, Ma Y, Zhang C, Liu K, Shen W, Wang S, Yang C, Luo S, Li N. Characterization of gastric cancer stem-like molecular features, immune and pharmacogenomic landscapes. Brief Bioinform 2021; 23:6375060. [PMID: 34571533 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) actively reprogram their tumor microenvironment (TME) to sustain a supportive niche, which may have a dramatic impact on prognosis and immunotherapy. However, our knowledge of the landscape of the gastric cancer stem-like cell (GCSC) microenvironment needs to be further improved. A multi-step process of machine learning approaches was performed to develop and validate the prognostic and predictive potential of the GCSC-related score (GCScore). The high GCScore subgroup was not only associated with stem cell characteristics, but also with a potential immune escape mechanism. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrated the upregulated infiltration of CD206+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the invasive margin region, which in turn maintained the stem cell properties of tumor cells. Finally, we proposed that the GCScore showed a robust capacity for prediction for immunotherapy, and investigated potential therapeutic targets and compounds for patients with a high GCScore. The results indicate that the proposed GCScore can be a promising predictor of prognosis and responses to immunotherapy, which provides new strategies for the precision treatment of GCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Department of Digestion Internal Medicine, Zhengzhou Yihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Wenying Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Liangyu Bie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yijie Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Chaogang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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Lai F, Zhang H, Xu B, Xie Y, Yu H. Long non-coding RNA NBR2 suppresses the progress of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo by regulating the polarization of TAM. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5462-5475. [PMID: 34506209 PMCID: PMC8806745 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1958558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) threatens the health of patients with high mortality, which lacks sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis to improve total survival. The lncRNA NBR2 is reported to be downregulated in CRC and suppresses the proliferation of CRC cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory function of the lncRNA NBR2 on tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization and its consequent anti-tumor effect. Two CRC cell lines were used in this study. We found that the lncRNA NBR2, TNF-α, and HLA-DR were downregulated, and Arg-1, CD163, CD206, and IL-4 were upregulated in CRC tumors. M1 polarization was activated and M2 polarization was suppressed in NBR2-overexpressed macrophages, accompanied by increased production of inflammatory factors, decreased proliferation, and inhibited migration ability in the co-culture system of HCT-116 cells (SW480 cells) and NBR2-overexpressed macrophages. The promoted proliferation and migration were observed in the co-culture system of HCT-116 cells (SW480 cells) and NBR2-knockdown macrophages. The tumor growth of both HCT-116 cells and SW480 cells in the xenograft model was suppressed by co-planting NBR2-overexpressed macrophages and was facilitated by the co-planting of NBR2-knockdown macrophages. The release of inflammatory factors was induced, M1 polarization was facilitated, and M2 polarization was suppressed in tumor tissues in the NBR2-overexpressed group, which were all reversed in the NBR2-knockdown group. Therefore, the lncRNA NBR2 suppressed the progression of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo by regulating TAM polarization.
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11
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Ren X, Ju Y, Wang C, Wei R, Sun H, Zhang Q. MARCKS on Tumor-Associated Macrophages is Correlated with Immune Infiltrates and Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:756-768. [PMID: 34279157 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1950757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death. However, the cross-talk between tumor immune microenvironment and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the expression of miR-143-3p in exosomes from different HCC cell lines. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) co-cultured with HCC cell lines were overlapped with miR-143-3p target genes. We used the Oncomine, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases to assess Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) expression in various types of cancers. The relationship between patient clinicopathological characteristics and MARCKS expression level was identified using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Last, we analyzed how MARCKS expression correlated with immune infiltration makers using the TCGA database, Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER), and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). RESULTS Exosomal miR-143-3p was elevated after IL-6 treatment in the HCC cell line. MARCKS, a target gene of miR-143-3p, was up-regulated in Tumor-associated macrophages co-cultured with high-metastatic-potential HCC cell line. MARCKS expression was identified as significantly correlated with outcome in multiple types of cancer, especially in HCC. High MARCKS expression level was associated with poorer overall survival (OS), Progress-free survival (PFS), and also with patient gender, race, hepatitis virus background, stage, grade, AJCC_T, and vascular invasion. MARCKS was positively associated with levels of T follicular helper cells (TFH) (R = .48, p < .001), T helper type 2 (Th2) cells (R = .47, p < .001), macrophages (R = .41, p ≤ .001), T helper cells (R = .40, p < .001), T helper type 1 (Th1) cells (R = .38, p < .001), T cells (R = .34, p < .001), NK CD56bright cells (R = .34, p < .001) and immature DC (iDC) (R = .33, p < .001), and negatively associated with levels of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Also, MARCKS may influence the M2 polarization and immune escape. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that MARCKS on TAMs is associated with poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Ju
- Department of Stomotology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoting Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanbao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Qu Y, Wen J, Thomas G, Yang W, Prior W, He W, Sundar P, Wang X, Potluri S, Salek-Ardakani S. Baseline Frequency of Inflammatory Cxcl9-Expressing Tumor-Associated Macrophages Predicts Response to Avelumab Treatment. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107873. [PMID: 32640238 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is rich with immune-suppressive macrophages that are associated with cancer progression and resistance to immune checkpoint therapy. Using pre-treatment tumor biopsies complemented with single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we characterize intratumoral immune heterogeneity to unveil potential mechanisms of resistance to avelumab (anti-PD-L1). We identify a proinflammatory F480+MHCII+Ly6Clo macrophage population that is associated with response rather than resistance to avelumab. These macrophages are the primary source of the interferon-inducible chemokine Cxcl9, which facilitates the recruitment of protective Cxcr3+ T cells. Consequently, the efficacy of avelumab in mouse tumor models is dependent on Cxcr3 and Cxcl9, and baseline levels of Cxcl9 in patients treated with avelumab are associated with clinical response and overall survival. These data suggest that, within the broadly immune-suppressive macrophage compartment, a pro-inflammatory population exists that promotes responsiveness to PD-L1 blockade.
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13
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Ross JL, Vega JV, Plant A, MacDonald TJ, Becher OJ, Hambardzumyan D. Tumor immune landscape of paediatric high-grade gliomas. Brain 2021; 144:2594-2609. [PMID: 33856022 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made towards elucidating the origin and genomic landscape of childhood high-grade brain tumors. It has become evident that pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) differ from adult HGGs with respect to multiple defining aspects including: DNA copy number, gene expression profiles, tumor locations within the central nervous system, and genetic alterations such as somatic histone mutations. Despite these advances, clinical trials for children with glioma have historically been based on ineffective adult regimens that fail to take into consideration the fundamental biological differences between the two. Additionally, although our knowledge of the intrinsic cellular mechanisms driving tumor progression has considerably expanded, little is known concerning the dynamic tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in pHGGs. In this review, we explore the genetic and epigenetic landscape of pHGGs and how this drives the creation of specific tumor sub-groups with meaningful survival outcomes. Further, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the pHGG TIME and discuss emerging therapeutic efforts aimed at exploiting the immune functions of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jose Velazquez Vega
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashley Plant
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tobey J MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Oren J Becher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Tokuda K, Morine Y, Miyazaki K, Yamada S, Saito Y, Nishi M, Tokunaga T, Ikemoto T, Imura S, Shimada M. The interaction between cancer associated fibroblasts and tumor associated macrophages via the osteopontin pathway in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:333-343. [PMID: 33659044 PMCID: PMC7899554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-tumor associated macrophage (TAM)-cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) interactions are an important factor in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were cultured with cancer cell-conditioned medium (Ca.-CM), TAM-CM and CAF-CM, and the expression of CAF markers were evaluated by RT-PCR. Whether HSCs cultured with Ca.-CM, TAM-CM and CAF-CM contributed to the enhanced malignancy of cancer cells was examined using proliferation, invasion and migration assays. Furthermore, the differences between these three types of CM were evaluated using cytokine arrays. RESULTS HSCs cultured with Ca.-CM, TAM-CM and CAF-CM showed significantly increased mRNA expression of αSMA, FAP and IL-6. All HSCs cultured with each CM exhibited significantly increased proliferation, invasion and migration of cancer cells. The osteopontin concentration was significantly higher in HSCs cultured with TAM-CM than the other CAF-CMs. Osteopontin inhibition significantly reduced osteopontin secretion from HSCs cultured with TAM-CM and suppressed the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells enhanced by HSCs cultured with TAM-CM. CONCLUSIONS We observed enhanced osteopontin secretion from TAMs, and this increased osteopontin further promoted osteopontin secretion from HSCs cultured with TAM-CM, leading to increased malignancy. For the first time, we demonstrated the importance of cancer-TAM-CAF interactions via osteopontin in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Tokuda
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Katsuki Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Tokunaga
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Satoru Imura
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Foxall R, Narang P, Glaysher B, Hub E, Teal E, Coles MC, Ashton-Key M, Beers SA, Cragg MS. Developing a 3D B Cell Lymphoma Culture System to Model Antibody Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:605231. [PMID: 33628205 PMCID: PMC7897703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large cell B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for approximately 30%-40% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases. Current first line DLBCL treatment results in long-term remission in more than 60% of cases. However, those patients with primary refractory disease or early relapse exhibit poor prognosis, highlighting a requirement for alternative therapies. Our aim was to develop a novel model of DLBCL that facilitates in vitro testing of current and novel therapies by replicating key components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system that would enable primary DLBCL cell survival and study ex vivo. The TME is a complex ecosystem, comprising malignant and non-malignant cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) whose reciprocal crosstalk drives tumor initiation and growth while fostering an immunosuppressive milieu enabling its persistence. The requirement to recapitulate, at least to some degree, this complex, interactive network is exemplified by the rapid cell death of primary DLBCL cells removed from their TME and cultured alone in vitro. Building on previously described methodologies to generate lymphoid-like fibroblasts from adipocyte derived stem cells (ADSC), we confirmed lymphocytes, specifically B cells, interacted with this ADSC-derived stroma, in the presence or absence of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), in both two-dimensional (2D) cultures and a 3D collagen-based spheroid system. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DLBCL cells cultured in this system interact with its constituent components, resulting in their improved viability as compared to ex-vivo 2D monocultures. We then assessed the utility of this system as a platform to study therapeutics in the context of antibody-directed phagocytosis, using rituximab as a model immunotherapeutic antibody. Overall, we describe a novel 3D spheroid co-culture system comprising key components of the DLBCL TME with the potential to serve as a testbed for novel therapeutics, targeting key cellular constituents of the TME, such as CAF and/or TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Foxall
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Narang
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget Glaysher
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elin Hub
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Teal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C Coles
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Ashton-Key
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Department of Cellular Pathology, Southampton University Hospital Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Han S, Wang W, Wang S, Yang T, Zhang G, Wang D, Ju R, Lu Y, Wang H, Wang L. Tumor microenvironment remodeling and tumor therapy based on M2-like tumor associated macrophage-targeting nano-complexes. Theranostics 2021; 11:2892-2916. [PMID: 33456579 PMCID: PMC7806477 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Among the many immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated-macrophages (TAMs) are well known to contribute to tumor development. TAMs can be conditioned (polarized) to transition between classical M1-like macrophages, or alternatively to M2-like macrophages. Both are regulated by signaling molecules in the microenvironment. M1-like TAMs can secrete classic inflammatory cytokines that kill tumors by promoting tumor cell necrosis and immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. In contrast, M2-like TAMs exhibit powerful tumor-promoting functions, including degradation of tumor extracellular matrix, destruction of basement membrane, promotion of angiogenesis, and recruitment of immunosuppressor cells, all of which further promote tumor progression and distal metastasis. Therefore, remodeling the tumor microenvironment by reversing the TAM phenotype will be favorable for tumor therapy, especially immunotherapy. Methods: PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating baicalin and melanoma antigen Hgp peptide fragment 25-33 were fabricated using the ultrasonic double-emulsion technique. The nanoparticles were further loaded with CpG fragments and used conjugated M2pep and α-pep peptides on their surfaces to produce novel nano-complexes. The capability to target M2-like TAMs and anti-tumor immunotherapy effects of nano-complexes were evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy in vitro. We also investigated the survival and histopathology of murine melanoma models administrated with different nanocomplexes. Improvements in the tumor microenvironment for immune attack of melanoma-bearing mice were also assessed. Results: The nano-complexes were effectively ingested by M2-like TAMs in vitro and in vivo, and the acidic lysosomal environment triggered the disintegration of polydopamine from the nanoparticle surface, which resulted in the release of the payloads. The released CpG played an important role in transforming the M2-like TAMs into the M1-like phenotype that further secreted inflammatory cytokines. The reversal of TAM released cytokines and gradually suppressed tumor angiogenesis, permitting the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the activated TAMs also presented antigen to T cells, which further stimulated the antitumor immune response that inhibited tumor metastasis. Activated T cells released cytokines, which stimulated NK cell infiltration and directly resulted in killing tumor cells. The baicalin released by M1-like TAMs also killed tumor cells. Conclusion: The nano-complexes facilitated baicalin, antigen, and immunostimulant delivery to M2-like TAMs, which polarized and reversed the M2-like TAM phenotype and remodeled the tumor microenvironment to allow killing of tumor cells.
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Tan YQ, Li YT, Yan TF, Xu Y, Liu BH, Yang JA, Yang X, Chen QX, Zhang HB. Six Immune Associated Genes Construct Prognostic Model Evaluate Low-Grade Glioma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606164. [PMID: 33408717 PMCID: PMC7779629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immunotherapy of Glioma has always been a research hotspot. Although tumor associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) proves to be important in glioma progression and drug resistance, our knowledge about how TAMs influence glioma remains unclear. The relationship between glioma and TAMs still needs further study. Methods We collected the data of TAMs in glioma from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) that included 20 glioma samples and 15 control samples from four datasets. Six genes were screened from the Differential Expression Gene through Gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and single-cell sequencing analysis. A risk score was then constructed based on the six genes and patients' overall survival rates of 669 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The efficacy of the risk score in prognosis and prediction was verified in Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Results Six genes, including CD163, FPR3, LPAR5, P2ry12, PLAUR, SIGLEC1, that participate in signal transduction and plasma membrane were selected. Half of them, like CD163, FPR3, SIGLEC1, were mainly expression in M2 macrophages. FPR3 and SIGLEC1 were high expression genes in glioma associated with grades and IDH status. The overall survival rates of the high risk score group was significantly lower than that of the low risk score group, especially in LGG. Conclusion Joint usage of the 6 candidate genes may be an effective method to diagnose and evaluate the prognosis of glioma, especially in Low-grade glioma (LGG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Qiu Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji An Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Xue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
IL-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family has been shown to play a dual role within the body. First IL-33, similar to other IL-1 family members, is a secreted cytokine that binds to the cell surface receptor ST2 to induce a number of cell signaling pathways. Second, IL-33 enters the nucleus where it binds chromatin and directs transcriptional control of an array of growth factors and cytokines. Consistent with its complex cellular regulation, IL-33 mediates an array of biological functions by acting on a wide range of innate and adaptive immune cells. Recently, we found that IL-33 is expressed in a large number of human glioma patient specimens where its expression within the tumor correlates with the increased presence of Iba+ cells that include both resident microglia and recruited monocyte and macrophages. Strikingly, glioma derived expression of IL-33 correlates with a dramatic decrease in overall survival of tumor-bearing animals and thus supports its role as an influential factor in gliomagenesis. Notably however, when the nuclear localization function of IL-33 is crippled, the tumor microenvironment is programmed to be anti-tumorigenic and results in prolonged overall survival suggesting that when educated appropriately this could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for glioma (De Boeck et al. (2020), Nat Commun, doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18569-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Robbins
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB. T2N 4N1
| | - Donna L Senger
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB. T2N 4N1
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial pediatric tumor and often presents with metastatic disease, and patients with high-risk neuroblastoma have survival rates of ~50%. Neuroblastoma tumorigenesis is associated with the infiltration of various types of immune cells, including myeloid derived suppressor cells, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), and regulatory T cells, which foster tumor growth and harbor immunosuppressive functions. In particular, TAMs predict poor clinical outcomes in neuroblastoma, and among these immune cells, TAMs with an M2 phenotype comprise an immune cell population that promotes tumor metastasis, contributes to immunosuppression, and leads to failure of radiation or checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This review article summarizes the role of macrophages in tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and immunosuppression in neuroblastoma and discusses the recent advances in "macrophage-targeting strategies" in neuroblastoma with a focus on three aspects: (1) inhibition of macrophage recruitment, (2) targeting macrophage survival, and (3) reprogramming of macrophages into an immunostimulatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin X. Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shweta Joshi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Fuchs N, Meta M, Schuppan D, Nuhn L, Schirmeister T. Novel Opportunities for Cathepsin S Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy by Nanocarrier-Mediated Delivery. Cells 2020; 9:E2021. [PMID: 32887380 PMCID: PMC7565055 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin S (CatS) is a secreted cysteine protease that cleaves certain extracellular matrix proteins, regulates antigen presentation in antigen-presenting cells (APC), and promotes M2-type macrophage and dendritic cell polarization. CatS is overexpressed in many solid cancers, and overall, it appears to promote an immune-suppressive and tumor-promoting microenvironment. While most data suggest that CatS inhibition or knockdown promotes anti-cancer immunity, cell-specific inhibition, especially in myeloid cells, appears to be important for therapeutic efficacy. This makes the design of CatS selective inhibitors and their targeting to tumor-associated M2-type macrophages (TAM) and DC an attractive therapeutic strategy compared to the use of non-selective immunosuppressive compounds or untargeted approaches. The selective inhibition of CatS can be achieved through optimized small molecule inhibitors that show good pharmacokinetic profiles and are orally bioavailable. The targeting of these inhibitors to TAM is now more feasible using nanocarriers that are functionalized for a directed delivery. This review discusses the role of CatS in the immunological tumor microenvironment and upcoming possibilities for a nanocarrier-mediated delivery of potent and selective CatS inhibitors to TAM and related APC to promote anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Fuchs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (N.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Mergim Meta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (N.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 63, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (N.F.); (M.M.)
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Chen J, Shin VY, Ho JCW, Siu MT, Cheuk IWY, Kwong A. Functional Implications of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Protein in Breast Cancer and Tumor-Associated Macrophage Microenvironment. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050688. [PMID: 32365569 PMCID: PMC7277779 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in breast cancer development. Accumulating evidence suggested that human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (CAMP), which is mainly expressed in host defense cells such as macrophages, is crucial not only in combating microorganisms but also promoting tumor growth. Here we report the interaction of CAMP with TAMs in breast cancer. CAMP expression was upregulated in cancer tissues and in the circulation of breast cancer patients. Surgical removal of tumor decreased CAMP peptide serum level. Knockdown of CAMP decreased cell proliferation and migration/invasion ability in breast cancer cells. CAMP expression was altered during macrophage M1/M2 polarization and was expressed predominantly in M2 phenotype. In addition, breast cancer cells co-cultured with macrophages upregulated CAMP expression and also increased cancer cell viability. Xenograft tumors reduced significantly upon CAMP receptor antagonist treatment. Our data implicated that CAMP confers an oncogenic role in breast cancer and plays an important role in the tumor microenvironment between TAMs and breast cancer cells, and blocking the interaction between them would provide a novel therapeutic option for this malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong; (J.C.); (V.Y.S.); (J.C.-W.H.); (M.-T.S.); (I.W.-Y.C.)
| | - Vivian Yvonne Shin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong; (J.C.); (V.Y.S.); (J.C.-W.H.); (M.-T.S.); (I.W.-Y.C.)
| | - John Chi-Wang Ho
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong; (J.C.); (V.Y.S.); (J.C.-W.H.); (M.-T.S.); (I.W.-Y.C.)
| | - Man-Ting Siu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong; (J.C.); (V.Y.S.); (J.C.-W.H.); (M.-T.S.); (I.W.-Y.C.)
| | - Isabella Wai-Yin Cheuk
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong; (J.C.); (V.Y.S.); (J.C.-W.H.); (M.-T.S.); (I.W.-Y.C.)
| | - Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong; (J.C.); (V.Y.S.); (J.C.-W.H.); (M.-T.S.); (I.W.-Y.C.)
- Department of Surgery, The Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Wan Chai District 999077, Hong Kong
- The Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-39179603
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22
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Oronsky B, Carter CA, Caroen S, Scribner C, Oronsky A, Reid TR. RRx-001, a first-in-class small molecule inhibitor of MYC and a downregulator of CD47, is an "erythrophagoimmunotherapeutic". Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1746172. [PMID: 33457091 PMCID: PMC7790525 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1746172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The main mechanism of action of RRx-001, a pharmaceutically unprecedented sui generis Phase 3 small molecule that is derived from the aerospace industry, is clarified. RRx-001 has demonstrated anticancer activity through antiangiogenic, immune, epigenetic, antioxidant, apoptotic and nitric oxide (NO) pathways, resulting in its pleiomorphic description as an antiangiogenic/vascular normalizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Oronsky
- Clinical and Scientific Department, EpicentRx, Inc, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Corey A Carter
- Clinical and Scientific Department, EpicentRx, Inc, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott Caroen
- Clinical and Scientific Department, EpicentRx, Inc, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Curtis Scribner
- Clinical and Scientific Department, EpicentRx, Inc, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arnold Oronsky
- Clinical and Scientific Department, InterWest Partners, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Tony R Reid
- Clinical and Scientific Department, EpicentRx, Inc, La Jolla, CA, USA
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23
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Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the expression of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in gastric cancer and its clinicopathological relationship. In addition, we also aimed to analyze the relationship between helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and TAMs in gastric cancer.The protein expression of CD16 and CD163 in 90 gastric cancer tissues and 30 margin tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. HP infection was detected in 90 gastric cancer tissues and 30 margin tissues by gram staining and immunohistochemistry.There was no clear correlation between CD16 macrophages and gastric cancer. The density of CD163 macrophages was not correlated with the general condition of tumor patients, but with tumor size, tumor differentiation, lymphatic metastasis, depth of invasion and TNM stage. Additionally, the infection rate of HP in gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher.In summary, TAMs are associated with tumor size, degree of differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage, suggesting their critical role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College
| | - Xia Wu
- Class 2018, Clinical Pathology, The Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College
| | - Mingyang Tang
- Class 2016, School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Ligao Wu
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College
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24
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Zhang Y, Lazarus J, Steele NG, Yan W, Lee HJ, Nwosu ZC, Halbrook CJ, Menjivar RE, Kemp SB, Sirihorachai VR, Velez-Delgado A, Donahue K, Carpenter ES, Brown KL, Irizarry-Negron V, Nevison AC, Vinta A, Anderson MA, Crawford HC, Lyssiotis CA, Frankel TL, Bednar F, Pasca di Magliano M. Regulatory T-cell Depletion Alters the Tumor Microenvironment and Accelerates Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:422-439. [PMID: 31911451 PMCID: PMC7224338 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are abundant in human and mouse pancreatic cancer. To understand the contribution to the immunosuppressive microenvironment, we depleted Tregs in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Contrary to our expectations, Treg depletion failed to relieve immunosuppression and led to accelerated tumor progression. We show that Tregs are a key source of TGFβ ligands and, accordingly, their depletion reprogramed the fibroblast population, with loss of tumor-restraining, smooth muscle actin-expressing fibroblasts. Conversely, we observed an increase in chemokines Ccl3, Ccl6, and Ccl8 leading to increased myeloid cell recruitment, restoration of immune suppression, and promotion of carcinogenesis, an effect that was inhibited by blockade of the common CCL3/6/8 receptor CCR1. Further, Treg depletion unleashed pathologic CD4+ T-cell responses. Our data point to new mechanisms regulating fibroblast differentiation in pancreatic cancer and support the notion that fibroblasts are a heterogeneous population with different and opposing functions in pancreatic carcinogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: Here, we describe an unexpected cross-talk between Tregs and fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer. Treg depletion resulted in differentiation of inflammatory fibroblast subsets, in turn driving infiltration of myeloid cells through CCR1, thus uncovering a potentially new therapeutic approach to relieve immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer.See related commentary by Aykut et al., p. 345.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jenny Lazarus
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nina G Steele
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zeribe C Nwosu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rosa E Menjivar
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samantha B Kemp
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Ashley Velez-Delgado
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Katelyn Donahue
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eileen S Carpenter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kristee L Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Anna C Nevison
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alekya Vinta
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michelle A Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Filip Bednar
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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25
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Li R, Attari A, Prytyskach M, Garlin MA, Weissleder R, Miller MA. Single-Cell Intravital Microscopy of Trastuzumab Quantifies Heterogeneous in vivo Kinetics. Cytometry A 2019; 97:528-539. [PMID: 31423731 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell heterogeneity can substantially impact drug response, especially for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies that may exhibit variability in both delivery (pharmacokinetics) and action (pharmacodynamics) within solid tumors. However, it has traditionally been difficult to examine the kinetics of mAb delivery at a single-cell level and in a manner that enables controlled dissection of target-dependent and -independent behaviors. To address this issue, here we developed an in vivo confocal (intravital) microscopy approach to study single-cell mAb pharmacology in a mosaic xenograft comprising a mixture of cancer cells with variable expression of the receptor HER2. As a proof-of-principle, we applied this model to trastuzumab therapy, a HER2-targeted mAb widely used for treating breast and gastric cancer patients. Trastuzumab accumulated to a higher degree in HER2-over expressing tumor cells compared to HER2-low tumor cells (~5:1 ratio at 24 h after administration) but importantly, the majority actually accumulated in tumor-associated phagocytes. For example, 24 h after IV administration over 50% of tumoral trastuzumab was found in phagocytes whereas at 48 h it was >80%. Altogether, these results reveal the dynamics of how phagocytes influence mAb behavior in vivo, and demonstrate an application of intravital microscopy for quantitative single-cell measurement of mAb distribution and retention in tumors with heterogeneous target expression. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adel Attari
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Prytyskach
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle A Garlin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Moyes KW, Davis A, Hoglund V, Haberthur K, Lieberman NA, Kreuser SA, Deutsch GH, Franco S, Locke D, Carleton MO, Gilbertson DG, Simmons R, Winter C, Silber J, Gonzalez-Cuyar LF, Ellenbogen RG, Crane CA. Effects of tumor grade and dexamethasone on myeloid cells in patients with glioma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1507668. [PMID: 30377570 PMCID: PMC6204983 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1507668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to reduce immunosuppression in the solid tumor microenvironment by blocking the recruitment or polarization of tumor associated macrophages (TAM), or myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), have gained momentum in recent years. Expanding our knowledge of the immune cell types, cytokines, or recruitment factors that are associated with high-grade disease, both within the tumor and in circulation, is critical to identifying novel targets for immunotherapy. Furthermore, a better understanding of how therapeutic regimens, such as Dexamethasone (Dex), chemotherapy, and radiation, impact these factors will facilitate the design of therapies that can be targeted to the appropriate populations and retain efficacy when administered in combination with standard of care regimens. Here we perform quantitative analysis of tissue microarrays made of samples taken from grades I-III astrocytoma and glioblastoma (GBM, grade IV astrocytoma) to evaluate infiltration of myeloid markers CD163, CD68, CD33, and S100A9. Serum, flow cytometric, and Nanostring analysis allowed us to further elucidate the impact of Dex treatment on systemic biomarkers, circulating cells, and functional markers within tumor tissue. We found that common myeloid markers were elevated in Dex-treated grade I astrocytoma and GBM compared to non-neoplastic brain tissue and grade II-III astrocytomas. Cell frequencies in these samples differed significantly from those in Dex-naïve patients in a pattern that depended on tumor grade. In contrast, observed changes in serum chemokines or circulating monocytes were independent of disease state and were due to Dex treatment alone. Furthermore, these changes seen in blood were often not reflected within the tumor tissue. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of considering perioperative treatment as well as disease grade when assessing novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara W Moyes
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amira Davis
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Virginia Hoglund
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen Haberthur
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole Ap Lieberman
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shannon A Kreuser
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Franco
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Conrad Winter
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Silber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | | | | | - Courtney A Crane
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
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27
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Low HB, Png CW, Li C, Wang DY, Wong SBJ, Zhang Y. Monocyte-derived factors including PLA2G7 induced by macrophage-nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell interaction promote tumor cell invasiveness. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55473-55490. [PMID: 27487154 PMCID: PMC5342430 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-keratinizing undifferentiated subtype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy characterized by an intimate relationship between neoplastic cells and a non-neoplastic lymphoid component. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) foster tumor progression through production of soluble mediators that support proliferation, angiogenesis, survival and invasion of malignant cells. However, the role of macrophages in the progression of NPC remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the functional and phenotypic changes that occur to macrophages in macrophage-NPC cell co-culture systems, and how these changes influence tumor cells. We found that monocytes, including THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes, co-cultured with C666-1 NPC cells upregulate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the early stages, followed by the induction of metastasis-related genes and interferon-stimulated genes at the later stage of coculture, indicating that TAMs are “educated” by NPC cells for cancer progression. Importantly, the induction of these factors from the TAMs was also found to enhance the migratory capabilities of the NPC cells. We have also identified one of these macrophage-derived factor, phospholipase A2 Group 7 (PLA2G7), to be important in regulating tumor cell migration and a novel tumor-promoting factor in NPC. Further studies to characterize the role of PLA2G7 in tumor metastasis may help determine its potential as a therapeutic target in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Boon Low
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, The Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, The Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Soon Boon Justin Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, The Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, The Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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28
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Ma S, Liu M, Xu Z, Li Y, Guo H, Ge Y, Liu Y, Zheng D, Shi J. A double feedback loop mediated by microRNA-23a/27a/24-2 regulates M1 versus M2 macrophage polarization and thus regulates cancer progression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:13502-19. [PMID: 26540574 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to microenvironmental signals, macrophages undergo different types of activation, including the “classic” pro-inflammatory phenotype (also called M1) and the “alternative” anti-inflammatory phenotype (also called M2). Macrophage polarized activation has profound effects on immune and inflammatory responses, but mechanisms underlying the various types of macrophage is still in its infancy. In this study, we reported that M1-type stimulation could down-regulate miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster transcription through the binding of NF-κB to this cluster's promoter and that miR-23a in turn activated the NF-κB pathway by targeting A20 and thus promoted the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, STAT6 occupied the miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster promoter and activated their transcription in IL-4-stimulated macrophages. In addition, miR-23a in turn suppressed the JAK1/STAT-6 pathway and reduced the production of M2 type cytokines by targeting JAK1 and STAT-6 directly, while miR-27a showed the same phenotype by targeting IRF4 and PPAR-γ. The miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster was shown to be significantly decreased in TAMs of breast cancer patients, and macrophages overexpressing the miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, these data integrated microRNA expression and function into macrophage polarization networks and identified a double feedback loop consisting of the miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster and the key regulators of the M1 and M2 macrophage polarization pathway. Moreover, miR-23a/27a/24-2 regulates the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and thus promotes cancer progression.
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29
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Shen J, Putt KS, Visscher DW, Murphy L, Cohen C, Singhal S, Sandusky G, Feng Y, Dimitrov DS, Low PS. Assessment of folate receptor-β expression in human neoplastic tissues. Oncotarget 2015; 6:14700-9. [PMID: 25909292 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-expression of folate receptor alpha on cancer cells has been frequently exploited for delivery of folate-targeted imaging and therapeutic agents to tumors. Because limited information exists on expression of the beta isoform of the folate receptor in human cancers (FR-β), we have evaluated the immunohistochemical staining pattern of FR-β in 992 tumor sections from 20 different human cancer types using a new anti-human FR-β monoclonal antibody. FR-β expression was shown to be more pronounced in cells within the stroma, primarily macrophages and macrophage-like cells than cancer cells in every cancer type studied. Moreover, FR-β expression in both cancer and stromal cells was found to be statistically more prominent in females than males. A significant positive correlation was also observed between FR-β expression on stromal cells and both the stage of the cancer and the presence of lymph node metastases. Based on these data we conclude FR-β may constitute a good target for specific delivery of therapeutic agents to activated macrophages and that accumulation of FR-β positive macrophages in the stroma could serve as a useful indicator of a tumor's metastatic potential.
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30
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Abstract
HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) are anticancer agents being developed in preclinical and clinical settings due to their capacity to modulate gene expression involved in cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, through modification of both chromatin histone and nonhistone proteins. Most HDACIs in clinical development have cytotoxic or cytostatic properties and their direct inhibitory effects on tumor cells are well documented. Numerous studies have revealed that HDACIs have potent immunomodulatory activity in tumor-bearing animals and cancer patients, providing guidance to apply these agents in cancer immunotherapies. Here, we summarize recent reports addressing the effects of HDACIs on tumor cell immunogenicity, and on different components of the host immune system. In addition, we discuss the complexity of the immunomodulatory activity of these agents, which depends on the class specificity of the HDACIs, different experimental settings and the target immune cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Ashley Orillion
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.,Genitourinary Program, Indiana University Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.,Genitourinary Program, Indiana University Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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31
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Hu W, Qian Y, Yu F, Liu W, Wu Y, Fang X, Hao W. Alternatively activated macrophages are associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in prostate adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1390-1396. [PMID: 26622679 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) are involved in tumor progression. However, the effect of AAMs on the metastasis of prostate cancer is poorly understood. In the present study, the prostate tissues of 42 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) were used in the analysis of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and AAMs by immunofluorescence. The patients were followed up for 5 years. The associations of TAMs and AAMs with the clinicopathological features and outcome in these cases were evaluated. Immunofluorescent analysis indicated that the mean number of TAMs (CD68-positive cells) in the prostate tissues of PCa patients with metastasis [45.29±7.25 cells/high-power field (HPF)] was significantly higher compared with that of PCa patients without metastasis (33.57±5.25 cells/HPF; P<0.01). The mean numbers of AAMs (CD68- and CD206-positive cells) in the tissues of PCa patients with and without metastasis were 29.43±5.68 and 9.14±5.29 cells/HPF, respectively. In addition, the percentage of AAMs (number of AAMs/number of TAMs) was 65.11±9.68 and 27.32±7.85% in patients with and without metastasis, respectively. The differences in the number and percentage of AAMs between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.01). The number and percentage of AAMs was positively correlated with tumor grade and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Univariate analysis indicated that the level of PSA, Gleason score, metastatic status, T grade, number of TAMs, number of AAMs and percentage of AAMs were predictors of the overall survival. Furthermore, multivariate analyses revealed that Gleason score, level of PSA and number of TAMs were predictors for overall survival rate. These results indicate that TAMs and AAMs may be important in the metastasis of PCa, and that TAMs and AAMs may be used as potential biomarkers of poor prognosis in late-stage PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Hu
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yunjuan Qian
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowu Fang
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wenke Hao
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Evans EE, Paris M, Smith ES, Zauderer M. Immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment by neutralization of Semaphorin 4D. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1054599. [PMID: 26587332 PMCID: PMC4635900 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1054599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 4D is highly expressed at the invasive tumor margin and acts as a guidance molecule, restricting movement of tumoricidal immune cells into the tumor microenvironment. We recently showed that antibody neutralization of SEMA4D augmented activated monocyte and anticancer T-cell tumor penetration and that anti-SEMA4D antibody potentiated other immunomodulatory therapies in murine tumor models.
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Zheng J, Almendros I, Wang Y, Zhang SX, Carreras A, Qiao Z, Gozal D. Reduced NADPH oxidase type 2 activity mediates sleep fragmentation-induced effects on TC1 tumors in mice. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e976057. [PMID: 25949873 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.976057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying how sleep fragmentation (SF) influences cancer growth and progression remain largely elusive. Here, we present evidence that SF reduced ROS production by downregulating gp91phox expression and activity in TC1 cell tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), while genetic ablation of phagocytic Nox2 activity increased tumor cell proliferation, motility, invasion, and extravasation in vitro. Importantly, the in vivo studies using immunocompetent syngeneic murine tumor models suggested that Nox2 deficiency mimics SF-induced TAMs infiltration and subsequent tumor growth and invasion. Taken together, these studies reveal that perturbed sleep could adversely affect innate immunity within the tumor by altering Nox2 expression and activity, and indicate that selective potentiation of Nox2 activity may present a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- MFI, median fluorescence intensities
- NADPH oxidase
- Nox2, NADPH Oxidase Type 2
- PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SE, standard error
- SF, sleep fragmentation
- TAMs, tumor associated macrophages
- TLR-4, toll like receptor 4
- WT, wild type
- cancer
- reactive oxygen species
- rpm, revolutions per minute
- sleep apnea
- tumor associated macrophage
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamao Zheng
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Pritzker School of Medicine; Biological Sciences Division; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Pritzker School of Medicine; Biological Sciences Division; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Pritzker School of Medicine; Biological Sciences Division; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shelley X Zhang
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Pritzker School of Medicine; Biological Sciences Division; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alba Carreras
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Pritzker School of Medicine; Biological Sciences Division; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhuanhong Qiao
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Pritzker School of Medicine; Biological Sciences Division; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine; Department of Pediatrics; Pritzker School of Medicine; Biological Sciences Division; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
Immune escape mechanisms of cancers include some of the mechanisms normally used for immune homeostasis, particular those preventing autoimmunity; one of these is the polarisation of myeloid cells. Thereby, tumors, i.e. the cancerous and stromal cells, also condition distant sites like spleen and bone marrow via soluble factors and membrane vesicles such as exosomes in order to create a tumor-educated macroenvironment. Albeit these mechanisms are currently in the focus of (tumor-)immunologic research, the first evidence had been published almost 40 years ago. One of these early reports will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen C Becker
- General Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Abstract
Malignancy is considered as a pathological imbalance of tissue-cell societies, a state that emerges from tumor-host microenvironment in which host participates in induction, selection and expansion of the neoplastic cells. Invasion of these malignancies can be viewed as a derangement in the proper sorting of cell populations, causing a violation of normal tissue boundaries. This violation is carried out by certain stromal cells like carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor associated macrophage (TAMs), endothelial cells (ECs) leucocytes, bone marrow derived cells, etc. Tumor cells may alter the surrounding stroma and in turn, stromal cells may promote cancer progression and invasion. Thus, this review compares the role of CAFs, TAMs and ECs in tumor microenvironment towards tumor progression. This compilation aims to collate existing literature on stromal cell with particular emphasis on their role in tumor invasiveness and summarize experimental studies, trials and literature of last 10 years collected from pubmed central indexed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Astekar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan State, India
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Rodríguez D, Silvera R, Carrio R, Nadji M, Caso R, Rodríguez G, Iragavarapu-Charyulu V, Torroella-Kouri M. Tumor microenvironment profoundly modifies functional status of macrophages: peritoneal and tumor-associated macrophages are two very different subpopulations. Cell Immunol 2013; 283:51-60. [PMID: 23850963 PMCID: PMC3771500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are key players in the inflammatory response. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that although all macrophage subpopulations in tumor hosts are affected by the disease, it is the close proximity to the tumor that induces major alterations in these cells. We compared tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with peritoneal macrophages from mice bearing D1-DMBA-3 mammary tumors (T-PEMs). Our results show that TAMs downregulate IL-12p70 but upregulate IL-12p40, IL-23, IL-6 and IL-10. Some NFκB and C/EBP transcription factors family members are decreased in TAMs; however NFκBp50 homodimers, STAT1/pSTAT1 and STAT3/pSTAT3 are overexpressed. Furthermore, while TAMs block T-cell proliferation and are more prone to apoptosis compared to T-PEMs, both types of macrophages have an impaired phagocytic capacity. Moreover, TAMs constitutively express iNOS and produce nitric oxide but do not express arginase and are Gr-1(high) and CD11b(low). Collectively, our analysis of two spatially distinct macrophage subpopulations in tumor-bearing mice revealed that the tumor modulates them differently into two molecularly and functionally dissimilar macrophage subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Risset Silvera
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Roberto Carrio
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mehrdad Nadji
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Raul Caso
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gracielena Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vijaya Iragavarapu-Charyulu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Marta Torroella-Kouri
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Abstract
Monocytes are recruited from the circulation into solid tumors where they differentiate into macrophages with unique phenotypes. While macrophages utilize oxygen in a broad range of immune effector functions, the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen oxide species is less clear in the setting of hypoxia, which can be a prominent feature of solid tumors. The relationships among innate immunity, redox systems, and the plasticity of phenotypic changes tumor-associated macrophages undergo in conjunction with tumor hypoxia will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Graham Espey
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10/B3-B69, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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