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Niederhäuser S, Zahno ML, Nenci C, Vogt HR, Zanoni R, Peterhans E, Bertoni G. A Gag peptide encompassing B- and T-cell epitopes of the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus functions as modular carrier peptide. J Immunol Methods 2009; 342:82-90. [PMID: 19118559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Short synthetic peptides are important tools in biomedical research permitting to generate hapten specific polyclonal sera for analytical purposes or functional studies. In this paper we provide proof of principle that a peptide located in a highly conserved portion of the Gag protein of the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and carrying an immunodominant T helper cell epitope functions as an efficient carrier peptide, mediating a strong antibody response to a peptidic hapten encompassing a well-characterized B cell epitope of Env. The carrier and hapten peptides were collinearly synthesized permutating their molecular arrangement. While the antibody response to the hapten was similar for both constructs, the antibody response to a B cell epitope overlapping the T helper cell epitope of the Gag carrier peptide was considerably different. This permits a modular use of the carrier peptide to generate antibody directed exclusively to the hapten peptide or a strong humoral response to both carrier- and hapten-peptide. Finally, we have mapped the epitopes involved in this polarized antibody response and discussed the potential immunological implications.
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Lu W, Wu XD, Shi MD, Yang RF, He YY, Bian C, Shi TL, Yang S, Zhu XL, Jiang WH, Li YX, Yan LC, Ji YY, Lin Y, Lin GM, Tian L, Wang J, Wang HX, Xie YH, Pei G, Wu JR, Sun B. Synthetic peptides derived from SARS coronavirus S protein with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:2130-6. [PMID: 15811330 PMCID: PMC7094314 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Revised: 02/12/2005] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is an important viral structural protein. Based on bioinformatics analysis, 10 antigenic peptides derived from the S protein sequence were selected and synthesized. The antigenicity and immunoreactivity of all the peptides were tested in vivo and in vitro. Four peptides (P6, P8, P9 and P10) which contain B cell epitopes of the S protein were identified, and P8 peptide was confirmed in vivo to have a potential in serological diagnosis. By using a syncytia formation model, we tested the neutralization ability of all 10 peptides and their corresponding antibodies. It is interesting to find that P8 and P9 peptides inhibited syncytia formation, suggesting that the P8 and P9 spanning regions may provide a good target for anti-SARS-CoV drug design. Our data suggest that we have identified peptides derived from the S protein of SARS-CoV, which are useful for SARS treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mu De Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rui Fu Yang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - You Yu He
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chao Bian
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tie Liu Shi
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Bioinformation Center, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xue-Liang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Yi Xue Li
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lin-Chen Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong Yong Ji
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guo-Mei Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong Xia Wang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - You Hua Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gang Pei
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia Rui Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- E-institutes of Shanghai Universities Immunology Division, China
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Laplagne DA, Zylberman V, Ainciart N, Steward MW, Sciutto E, Fossati CA, Goldbaum FA. Engineering of a polymeric bacterial protein as a scaffold for the multiple display of peptides. Proteins 2004; 57:820-8. [PMID: 15390265 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein assemblies with a high degree of repetitiveness and organization are known to induce strong immune responses. For that reason they have been postulated for the design of subunit vaccines by means of protein engineering. The enzyme lumazine synthase from Brucella spp. (BLS) is highly immunogenic, presumably owing to its homodecameric arrangement and remarkable thermodynamic stability. Structural analysis has shown that it is possible to insert foreign peptides at the ten amino terminus of BLS without disrupting its general folding. These peptides would be displayed to the immune system in a highly symmetric three-dimensional array. In the present work, BLS has been used as a protein carrier of foreign peptides. We have established a modular system to produce chimeric proteins decorated with ten copies of a desired peptide as long as 27 residues and have shown that their folding and stability is similar to that of the wild-type protein. The knowledge about the mechanisms of dissociation and unfolding of BLS allowed the engineering of polyvalent chimeras displaying different predefined peptides on the same molecular scaffold. Moreover, the reassembly of mixtures of chimeras at different steps of the unfolding process was used to control the stoichiometry and spatial arrangement for the simultaneous display of different peptides on BLS. This strategy would be useful for vaccine development and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Laplagne
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Huang JA, Wang L, Firth S, Phelps A, Reeves P, Holmes I. Rotavirus VP7 epitope mapping using fragments of VP7 displayed on phages. Vaccine 2000; 18:2257-65. [PMID: 10717346 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
cDNA copies of the complete porcine rotavirus CRW-8 VP7 gene were randomly digested to fragments of about 30-60 or 30-500 base pairs by DNase1 in the presence of Mn(2+). The fragments were cloned and expressed in a filamentous phage fd-tet-derived vector to create specific-gene-related peptide libraries. Polyclonal antibodies were then used to pan the SGRP libraries for antibody-binding phages. Analysis of the phage isolates revealed that the majority (86%) of them only had a single insert. However, phages displaying composite inserts containing the VP7 antigenic regions A, B, and C, originally defined by neutralising monoclonal antibody escape mutants, were also isolated. Inserts containing A or C region peptide were found to contain extra sequences from the C region, while the B region epitope was linear and had additional sequence from either upstream or downstream. In addition a dominant and possibly non-neutralising VP7 epitope was identified around amino acids 263-270. One of the recreated antigenic epitopes has also been fused to the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of Escherichia coli and shown to maintain its antigenicity. The results in this study may have significant implication for recreation of conformational epitopes and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Al-Yousif Y, Al-Majhdi F, Chard-Bergstrom C, Anderson J, Kapil S. Development, characterization, and diagnostic applications of monoclonal antibodies against bovine rotavirus. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2000; 7:288-92. [PMID: 10702506 PMCID: PMC95862 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.7.2.288-292.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/1999] [Accepted: 01/14/2000] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the Nebraska calf diarrhea strain of bovine rotavirus (BRV) were characterized. Indirect fluorescent-antibody assay, immunodot assay, and immunoprecipitation were used to select hybridomas that produced anti-BRV MAbs. Seven of the MAbs were shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot assay to be reactive with the BRV outer capsid protein, VP7, which has a molecular mass of 37.5 kDa. None of the seven MAbs were reactive with canine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, or uninfected Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. Two clones, 8B4 (immunoglobulin G2a [IgG2a]) and 2B11 (IgG1), were found suitable for use in an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting BRV in bovine fecal samples. Both were subtype A specific (G6 subtype) but did not react with all isolates of BRV group A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Al-Yousif
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine-Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Ulrich R, Nassal M, Meisel H, Krüger DH. Core particles of hepatitis B virus as carrier for foreign epitopes. Adv Virus Res 1998; 50:141-82. [PMID: 9520999 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To be effective as vaccines, most monomeric proteins and peptides either require chemical coupling to high molecular weight carriers or application together with adjuvants. More recently, recombinant DNA techniques have been used to insert foreign epitopes into proteins with inherent multimerization capacity, such as particle-forming viral capsid or envelope proteins. The core protein of hepatitis B virus (HBcAg), because of its unique structural and immunological properties, has gained widespread interest as a potential antigen carrier. Foreign sequences of up to approximately 40 amino acid residues at the N terminus, 50 or 100 amino acids in the central immunodominant c/e 1 epitope region of HBcAg, and up to 100 or even more residues at the C terminus, did not interfere with particle formation. The humoral immunogenicity of inserted epitopes is determined by the immunogenicity of the peptide itself and its surface exposure, and is influenced by the route of application. The probably flexible and surface-exposed c/e1 region emerged as the most promising insertion site. When applied together with adjuvants approved for human and veterinary use, or even without adjuvants, such chimeric particles induced B and T cell immune responses against the inserted epitopes. In some cases neutralizing antibodies, cytotoxic T cells and protection against challenge with the intact pathogen were demonstrated. Major factors for the potentiated immune response against the foreign epitopes are the multimeric structure of chimeric HBcAg that results in a high epitope density per particle, and the provision of T cell help by the carrier moiety. Beyond its use as subunit vaccine, chimeric HBcAg produced in attenuated Salmonella strains may be applicable as live vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ulrich
- Charité Medical School, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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del Guercio MF, Alexander J, Kubo RT, Arrhenius T, Maewal A, Appella E, Hoffman SL, Jones T, Valmori D, Sakaguchi K, Grey HM, Sette A. Potent immunogenic short linear peptide constructs composed of B cell epitopes and Pan DR T helper epitopes (PADRE) for antibody responses in vivo. Vaccine 1997; 15:441-8. [PMID: 9141216 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Induction of humoral immune responses against protein antigen requires that two independent signals be delivered to B cells. It is currently assumed that simple monovalent synthetic peptides would not be effective immunogens for antibody responses because they would not be anticipated to effectively generate the necessary signals unless conjugated to a complex carrier system. In this study, the immunogenicity of short linear peptide constructs comprising Plasmodium vivax B cell epitopes (PVB) and non-natural Pan-DR T helper cell epitopes (PADRE) was assessed in mice and compared to other types of antigen constructs. The 33-residue PADRE-PVB linear constructs were highly immunogenic and induced responses comparable to those obtained with the multiple antigen peptides (MAP) constructs, both in terms of absolute titers and quality of antibody responses. The anti-PVB antibody responses were of long duration, composed mostly of IgG and reactive with intact sporozoites. The PADRE-PVB constructs were immunogenic when formulated in adjuvants such as Alum and Montanide ISA 51 underlining the relevance of these findings for vaccine development.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Aluminum Hydroxide/immunology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- HLA-DR Antigens/chemistry
- HLA-DR Antigens/immunology
- Malaria Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Peptides/immunology
- Plasmodium vivax/growth & development
- Plasmodium vivax/immunology
- Protein Conformation
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
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