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Bangruwa N, Srivastava M, Mishra D. CISS-Based Label-Free Novel Electrochemical Impedimetric Detection of UVC-Induced DNA Damage. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37705-37713. [PMID: 36312421 PMCID: PMC9609074 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS)-based label-free electrochemical impedimetric detection of radiation-induced DNA damage using the electrons' spin as a novel tool of sensing. For this, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of short ds-DNA (of length 7.14 nm) are prepared on arrays of multilayer thin film devices comprising a gold overlay (500 μm diameter with 10 nm thickness) on a nickel thin film (100 nm) fabricated by the physical vapor deposition technique. Subsequently, the SAMs of ds-DNA are exposed to ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation for a prolonged period of 8 h to induce structural perturbations in DNA. The susceptibility of DNA to radiation-induced damage was probed by recording the spin-dependent electrochemical impedimetric spectra, wherein a continuous sinusoidal wave of the amplitude of 10 mV was superimposed on DC bias in the frequency range of 100-105 Hz, with simultaneous spin injection through the attached DNA. The inherent correlation between the charge-transfer resistance (R ct) and the spin selectivity of electrons through DNA was taken into account for the detection of DNA damage for the first time with a limit of detection achieved up to 10 picomolar concentrations of DNA. As the spin-polarized electrons directly probe the structural symmetry, it is robust against perturbation from electronic signals usually found in conventional electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Bangruwa
- Department
of Physics and Astrophysics, University
of Delhi, New Delhi110007, India
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, (BHU), Varanasi221005, India
| | - Debabrata Mishra
- Department
of Physics and Astrophysics, University
of Delhi, New Delhi110007, India
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2
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Weber D, Wadlinger KM, Heinlein MM, Franken T. Modifying Spinel Precursors for Highly Active and Stable Ni‐based CO2 Methanation Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Weber
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Technische Fakultat Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen GERMANY
| | - Katja Marion Wadlinger
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Technische Fakultat Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen GERMANY
| | - Maximilian Michael Heinlein
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering Egerlandstraße 3 91056 Erlangen GERMANY
| | - Tanja Franken
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Technische Fakultat Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen GERMANY
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3
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Wang L, Li Y, Liu Y. Invasive herbaceous respond more negatively to elevated ozone concentration than native species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy Sciences Changchun China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Ecology Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy Sciences Changchun China
- Ecology Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
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4
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Kataria S, Jain M, Rastogi A, Brestic M. Static magnetic field treatment enhanced photosynthetic performance in soybean under supplemental ultraviolet-B radiation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:263-278. [PMID: 34075565 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study was performed to analyze the impact of seed pretreatment by static magnetic field (SMF) of 200 mT for 1 h on photosynthetic performance of soybean (Glycine max) seedlings under ambient (aUV-B) and supplemental ultraviolet-B (a+sUV-B) stress. Ambient and supplemental UV-B were found to decrease the plant growth, chlorophyll concentration, PSII efficiency, selected JIP-test parameters such as Fv/Fm, φEo, ΔV(I-P), PIABS, PItotal, and rate of photosynthesis in the leaves of soybean seedlings emerged from untreated (UT) seeds. aUV-B and a+sUV-B were observed to increase the synthesis of UV-B-absorbing substances (UAS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide radical (O2·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidants like ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol and decrease the nitrate reductase (NR) activity; subsequently, it results in a decreased rate of photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, and yield. However, our results provided evidence that SMF pretreatment increased the tolerance of soybean seedlings to UV-B radiation by increased NO content and NR activity; higher efficiency of PSII, higher values of φEo, ΔV(I-P), PIABS, and PItotal, decreased intercellular CO2 concentration, lower amount of UAS, ROS, and antioxidants that consequently improve the yield of soybean plants under aUV-B as well as a+sUV-B stress. Thus, our results suggested that SMF pretreatment mitigates the adverse effects of UV-B stress by the enhancement in photosynthetic performance along with higher NO content which may be able to protect the plants from the deleterious effects of oxidative stress caused by UV-B irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Kataria
- School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Indore, M.P., 452001, India.
| | - Meeta Jain
- School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Indore, M.P., 452001, India
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Wang H, Ding K, Huang X, Wang W, Ding A. Insight into ozone profile climatology over northeast China from aircraft measurement and numerical simulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147308. [PMID: 33932671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is a major pollutant that can harm human health, animals and plants. With a rapid development in Northeast China, ozone pollution has become an increasingly serious environmental challenge. To study the ozone distribution and the potential sources of ozone precursors in Northeast China, we analyzed vertical ozone profiles from the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) in 2012-2014 and provided the climatological vertical structure of tropospheric ozone over Shenyang. The tropospheric ozone generally presents high in hot months, mainly due to the combined effects of the strong solar radiation and high volatile organic compounds emission in summer. While in cold months, the ozone is low because of weak solar radiation and high nitrogen oxides emission. Besides, a low-ozone center exists within lower troposphere in August, which is mainly caused by the East Asian summer monsoon prevailing in summer. To analyze the sources of ozone, typical ozone pollution episodes were studied and the results revealed the different pathways for the enhancement of ozone pollution in Shenyang: regional transport of anthropogenic emissions from North China Plain (NCP), long-range transport from Siberian biomass burning and local photochemical production. Modeling results show that the largest contribution to the surface ozone in Northeast China is local anthropogenic emissions (exceed 90%); the regional transport of NCP anthropogenic emissions contribute more to the pollutants around 2 km, and account for more than 50% pollutants during highly ozone polluted days; through long-range transport, Siberian biomass burning in the spring also have a nonnegligible effect on the near-ground ozone in Northeast China. Overall, this study provides tropospheric ozone climatology and its source attribution in Northeast China, and highlight the great importance of regional transport of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions in ozone pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
| | - Wuke Wang
- Department of atmospheric science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences (JirLATEST), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China.
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6
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Zu K, Wang Z, Zhu X, Lenoir J, Shrestha N, Lyu T, Luo A, Li Y, Ji C, Peng S, Meng J, Zhou J. Upward shift and elevational range contractions of subtropical mountain plants in response to climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146896. [PMID: 33866165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevational range shifts of mountain species in response to climate change have profound impact on mountain biodiversity. However, current evidence indicates great controversies in the direction and magnitude of elevational range shifts across species and regions. Here, using historical and recent occurrence records of 83 plant species in a subtropical mountain, Mt. Gongga (Sichuan, China), we evaluated changes in species elevation centroids and limits (upper and lower) along elevational gradients, and explored the determinants of elevational changes. We found that 63.9% of the species shifted their elevation centroids upward, while 22.9% shifted downward. The changes in centroid elevations and range size were more strongly correlated with changes in lower than upper limits of species elevational ranges. The magnitude of centroid elevation shifts was larger than predicted by climate warming and precipitation changes. Our results show complex changes in species elevational distributions and range sizes in Mt. Gongga, and that climate change, species traits and climate adaptation of species all influenced their elevational movement. As Mt. Gongga is one of the global biodiversity hotspots, and contains many threatened plant species, these findings provide support to future conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiling Zu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiangyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Nawal Shrestha
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystem, Institute of Innovation Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tong Lyu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ao Luo
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaoqi Li
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shijia Peng
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiahui Meng
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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Kim Y, Seo CW, Khan AL, Mun BG, Shahzad R, Ko JW, Yun BW, Park SK, Lee IJ. Exo-ethylene application mitigates waterlogging stress in soybean (Glycine max L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:254. [PMID: 30348086 PMCID: PMC6198449 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterlogging (WL) is a key factor hindering soybean crop productivity worldwide. Plants utilize various hormones to avoid various stress conditions, including WL stress; however, the physiological mechanisms are still not fully understood. RESULTS To identify physiological mechanisms during WL stress, different phytohormones, such as ethephon (ETP; donor source of ethylene), abscisic acid, gibberellins, indole-3-acetic acid, kinetin, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid were exogenously applied to soybean plants. Through this experiment, we confirmed the beneficial effects of ETP treatment. Thus, we selected ETP as a candidate hormone to mitigate WL. Further mechanistic investigation of the role of ETP in waterlogging tolerance was carried out. Results showed that ETP application mitigated WL stress, significantly improved the photosynthesis pigment, and increased the contents of endogenous GAs compared to those in untreated plants. The amino acid contents during WL stress were significantly activated by EPT treatments. The amino acid contents were significantly higher in the 100 μM ETP-treated soybean plants than in the control. ETP application induced adventitious root initiation, increased root surface area, and significantly increased the expressions of glutathione transferases and relative glutathione activity compared to those of non-ETP-treated plants. ETP-treated soybeans produced a higher up-regulation of protein content and glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) than did soybeans under the WL only treatment. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the current results suggest that ETP application enabled various biochemical and transcriptional modulations. In particular, ETP application could stimulate the higher expression of GST3 and GST8. Thus, increased GST3 and GST8 induced 1) increased GSH activity, 2) decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), 3) mitigation of cell damage in photosynthetic apparatus, and 4) improved phenotype consecutively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonha Kim
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 South Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Seo
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 South Korea
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman’s Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, 616 Nizwa, Oman
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 South Korea
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 South Korea
| | - Jeung-Woo Ko
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 South Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 South Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Park
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 South Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 South Korea
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8
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Aksakal O, Tabay D, Esringu A, Icoglu Aksakal F, Esim N. Effect of proline on biochemical and molecular mechanisms in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) exposed to UV-B radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:246-254. [PMID: 28070585 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00412a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of proline (Pro) in relieving UV-B radiation-induced oxidative stress in lettuce. Lettuce seedlings were exposed to 3.3 W m-2 UV-B radiation for 12 h after pre-treatment sprayed with 20 mM Pro. The data for malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), endogenous Pro level, the activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD)], total phenolic concentration, antioxidant capacity, expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) and proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) genes, phytohormone levels such as abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), indole acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA), soluble sugars and organic acids were recorded. It was found that Pro alleviated the oxidative damage in the seedlings of lettuce as demonstrated by lower lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content, increasing the endogenous Pro level, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, total phenolic concentration and the antioxidant capacity. Additionally, it was revealed that exogenous application of Pro enhanced the levels of GA, IAA, the concentrations of soluble sugars and organic acids and expressions of PAL, γ-TMT and ProDH genes as compared to the control. The results obtained in this study suggest that pre-treatment with exogenous Pro provides important contributions to the increase in the UV-B tolerance of lettuce by regulating the biochemical mechanisms of UV-B response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Aksakal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Dilruba Tabay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Aslıhan Esringu
- Narman Vocational Training School, Atatürk University, Narman, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Feyza Icoglu Aksakal
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Esim
- Vocational Training School, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
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9
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Patel M, Kim HS, Park HH, Kim J. Active Adoption of Void Formation in Metal-Oxide for All Transparent Super-Performing Photodetectors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25461. [PMID: 27151288 PMCID: PMC4858702 DOI: 10.1038/srep25461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Could ‘defect-considered’ void formation in metal-oxide be actively used? Is it possible to realize stable void formation in a metal-oxide layer, beyond unexpected observations, for functional utilization? Herein we demonstrate the effective tailoring of void formation of NiO for ultra-sensitive UV photodetection. NiO was formed onto pre-sputtered ZnO for a large size and spontaneously formed abrupt p-NiO/n-ZnO heterojunction device. To form voids at an interface, rapid thermal process was performed, resulting in highly visible light transparency (85–95%). This heterojunction provides extremely low saturation current (<0.1 nA) with an extraordinary rectifying ratio value of over 3000 and works well without any additional metal electrodes. Under UV illumination, we can observe the fast photoresponse time (10 ms) along with the highest possible responsivity (1.8 A W−1) and excellent detectivity (2 × 1013 Jones) due to the existence of an intrinsic-void layer at the interface. We consider this as the first report on metal-oxide-based void formation (Kirkendall effect) for effective photoelectric device applications. We propose that the active adoption of ‘defect-considered’ Kirkendall-voids will open up a new era for metal-oxide based photoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkeshkumar Patel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 406772, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Sik Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 406772, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Ho Park
- Applied Device and Material Lab., Device Technology Division, Korea Advanced Nanofab Center (KANC), Suwon 443270, Korea
| | - Joondong Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 406772, Republic of Korea
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10
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Wang B, Shugart HH, Shuman JK, Lerdau MT. Forests and ozone: productivity, carbon storage, and feedbacks. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22133. [PMID: 26899381 PMCID: PMC4762018 DOI: 10.1038/srep22133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is a serious air-pollutant, with large impacts on plant function. This study demonstrates that tropospheric ozone, although it damages plant metabolism, does not necessarily reduce ecosystem processes such as productivity or carbon sequestration because of diversity change and compensatory processes at the community scale ameliorate negative impacts at the individual level. This study assesses the impact of ozone on forest composition and ecosystem dynamics with an individual-based gap model that includes basic physiology as well as species-specific metabolic properties. Elevated tropospheric ozone leads to no reduction of forest productivity and carbon stock and to increased isoprene emissions, which result from enhanced dominance by isoprene-emitting species (which tolerate ozone stress better than non-emitters). This study suggests that tropospheric ozone may not diminish forest carbon sequestration capacity. This study also suggests that, because of the often positive relationship between isoprene emission and ozone formation, there is a positive feedback loop between forest communities and ozone, which further aggravates ozone pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, PO Box 400123, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, USA
| | - Herman H. Shugart
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, PO Box 400123, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, USA
| | - Jacquelyn K. Shuman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, PO Box 400123, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, USA
| | - Manuel T. Lerdau
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, PO Box 400123, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, USA
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11
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Effect of Nearby Forest Fires on Ground Level Ozone Concentrations in Santiago, Chile. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Lindner M, Fitzgerald JB, Zimmermann NE, Reyer C, Delzon S, van der Maaten E, Schelhaas MJ, Lasch P, Eggers J, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, Suckow F, Psomas A, Poulter B, Hanewinkel M. Climate change and European forests: what do we know, what are the uncertainties, and what are the implications for forest management? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 146:69-83. [PMID: 25156267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about potential climate change impacts on forests is continuously expanding and some changes in growth, drought induced mortality and species distribution have been observed. However despite a significant body of research, a knowledge and communication gap exists between scientists and non-scientists as to how climate change impact scenarios can be interpreted and what they imply for European forests. It is still challenging to advise forest decision makers on how best to plan for climate change as many uncertainties and unknowns remain and it is difficult to communicate these to practitioners and other decision makers while retaining emphasis on the importance of planning for adaptation. In this paper, recent developments in climate change observations and projections, observed and projected impacts on European forests and the associated uncertainties are reviewed and synthesised with a view to understanding the implications for forest management. Current impact assessments with simulation models contain several simplifications, which explain the discrepancy between results of many simulation studies and the rapidly increasing body of evidence about already observed changes in forest productivity and species distribution. In simulation models uncertainties tend to cascade onto one another; from estimating what future societies will be like and general circulation models (GCMs) at the global level, down to forest models and forest management at the local level. Individual climate change impact studies should not be uncritically used for decision-making without reflection on possible shortcomings in system understanding, model accuracy and other assumptions made. It is important for decision makers in forest management to realise that they have to take long-lasting management decisions while uncertainty about climate change impacts are still large. We discuss how to communicate about uncertainty - which is imperative for decision making - without diluting the overall message. Considering the range of possible trends and uncertainties in adaptive forest management requires expert knowledge and enhanced efforts for providing science-based decision support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lindner
- European Forest Institute, Yliopistokatu 6, 80100 Joensuu, Finland.
| | | | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Reyer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg, P.O. Box 601203, 14412 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Geography, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, Cestas F-33610, France; Université de Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, Talence F-33400, France
| | - Ernst van der Maaten
- Chair of Forest Growth, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mart-Jan Schelhaas
- Team Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Alterra, Wageningen UR, Netherlands
| | - Petra Lasch
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg, P.O. Box 601203, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jeannette Eggers
- European Forest Institute, Yliopistokatu 6, 80100 Joensuu, Finland; Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen
- Chair of Forest Growth, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felicitas Suckow
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg, P.O. Box 601203, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Achilleas Psomas
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Marc Hanewinkel
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Forest Research Institute of Baden, Württemberg, Germany
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13
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Mitani-Sano M, Tezuka T. Near-UV radiation acts as a beneficial factor for physiological responses in cucumber plants. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 128:64-9. [PMID: 24013482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Effects of near-UV radiation on the growth and physiological activity of cucumber plants were investigated morphologically, physiologically and biochemically using 3-week-old seedlings grown under polyvinyl chloride films featuring transmission either above 290 nm or above 400 nm in growth chambers. The hypocotyl length and leaf area of cucumber seedlings were reduced but the thickness of leaves was enhanced by near-UV radiation, due to increased upper/lower epidermis thickness, palisade parenchyma thickness and volume of palisade parenchyma cells. Photosynthetic and respiratory activities were also promoted by near-UV radiation, associated with general enhancement of physiological/biochemical responses. Particularly, metabolic activities in the photosynthetic system of chloroplasts and the respiratory system of mitochondria were analyzed under the conditions of visible light with and without near-UV radiation. For example, the activities of NAD(P)-dependent enzymes such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) in chloroplasts and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) in mitochondria were elevated, along with levels of pyridine nucleotides (nicotinamide coenzymes) [NAD(H) and NADP(H)] and activity of NAD kinase (NADP forming enzyme). Taken together, these data suggest that promotion of cucumber plant growth by near-UV radiation involves activation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plants. The findings of this research showed that near-UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface is a beneficial factor for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Mitani-Sano
- Division of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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14
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Hoepflinger MC, Pieslinger AM, Tenhaken R. Investigations on N-rich protein (NRP) of Arabidopsis thaliana under different stress conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:293-302. [PMID: 21277785 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Stress response and adaptation are important physiological mechanisms in plants. As plants are not able to avoid stressful environments by moving away, as animals, they have developed diverse mechanisms to respond to stressful situations. One of the genes involved in these mechanisms is NRP (Asparagine-rich protein or N-rich protein). In this study, NRP expression, protein localization and nrp knockout plants were investigated for further understanding of NRP function. NaCl-induced salt stress, oxidative stress (ozone exposure) and mechanical perturbation (touch treatment) were used to induce abiotic stress. NRP expression was up-regulated in the early phase of stress response to all three elicitors. Stressed nrp knockout seedlings revealed a more pronounced growth inhibition compared to wildtype (salt and osmotic stress). Seedlings showed NRP-GFP expression in the apical meristem, leaf veins, central cylinder, root hair zone and root tip. Analyses of NRP-GFP localization in root cells and protoplasts revealed cytosolic distribution under non-stress conditions and translocation of NRP-GFP to mitochondria due to stress response. Summarizing, our findings point to a contribution of NRP in signal transduction of the initial phase of general stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Christine Hoepflinger
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Plant Physiology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg, Austria
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15
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16
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17
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Iriti M, Faoro F. Ozone-Induced Changes in Plant Secondary Metabolism. CLIMATE CHANGE AND CROPS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-88246-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Augustaitis A, Bytnerowicz A. Contribution of ambient ozone to Scots pine defoliation and reduced growth in the Central European forests: a Lithuanian case study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 155:436-445. [PMID: 18378053 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore if changes in crown defoliation and stem growth of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) could be related to changes in ambient ozone (O(3)) concentration in central Europe. To meet this objective the study was performed in 3 Lithuanian national parks, close to the ICP integrated monitoring stations from which data on meteorology and pollution were provided. Contribution of peak O(3) concentrations to the integrated impact of acidifying compounds and meteorological parameters on pine stem growth was found to be more significant than its contribution to the integrated impact of acidifying compounds and meteorological parameters on pine defoliation. Findings of the study provide statistical evidence that peak concentrations of ambient O(3) can have a negative impact on pine tree crown defoliation and stem growth reduction under field conditions in central and northeastern Europe where the AOT40 values for forests are commonly below their phytotoxic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algirdas Augustaitis
- Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Forest Monitoring Laboratory, Kaunas dstr., Lithuania.
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19
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Yamamoto A, Tanbir N, Hirouchi T, Teranishi M, Hidema J, Morioka H, Yamamoto K. Temperature-sensitive photoreactivation of cyclobutane thymine dimer in soybean. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2008; 49:189-96. [PMID: 18270478 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
UV radiation induces the formation of two classes of photoproducts in DNA, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) and the pyrimidine 6-4 pyrimidone photoproduct. CPDs in plants are repaired by class II CPD photolyase via a UV-A/blue light-dependent mechanism. The genes for the class II CPD photolyase have been cloned from higher plants such as Arabidopsis, Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Oryza sativa (rice) and Spinacia oleracea (spinach). Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) has been identified as a cofactor. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the CPD photolyase cDNA from soybean (Glycin max). The sequence of amino acids predicted from the cDNA sequence was highly homologous to sequences of higher plant class II CPD photolyases. When the cDNA was expressed in a photolyase-deficient Escherichia coli, photoreactivation activity was partially restored by illumination with a fluorescent light. The purified enzyme showed CPD binding and light-dependent photoreactivation activities in vitro. When soybean CPD photolyase was heat-treated in vitro from 25 degrees C to 45 degrees C for 3 min, thymine dimer-binding activity and photoreactivation activity were decreased, and FAD was released from the enzyme. On the other hand, when the enzyme-CPD complex was heat-treated, photoreactivation activity was stable. We argue that FAD in the soybean CPD photolyase is labile for temperature, but once the enzyme-CPD complex has formed, FAD becomes tightly bound to the enzyme or complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan
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20
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Rai LC, Tyagi B, Mallick N. Alternation in Photosynthetic Characteristics of
Anabaena doliolum
Following Exposure to UVB and Pb. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb03120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. C. Rai
- Laboratory of Algal Biology, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Bipul Tyagi
- Laboratory of Algal Biology, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nirupama Mallick
- Laboratory of Algal Biology, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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21
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Campbell PKE, Middleton EM, McMurtrey JE, Corp LA, Chappelle EW. Assessment of vegetation stress using reflectance or fluorescence measurements. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2007; 36:832-45. [PMID: 17485715 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2005.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for large-scale vegetation monitoring rely on multispectral remote sensing, which has serious limitation for the detection of vegetation stress. To contribute to the establishment of a generalized spectral approach for vegetation stress detection, this study compares the ability of high-spectral-resolution reflectance (R) and fluorescence (F) foliar measurements to detect vegetation changes associated with common environmental factors affecting plant growth and productivity. To obtain a spectral dataset from a broad range of species and stress conditions, plant material from three experiments was examined, including (i) corn, nitrogen (N) deficiency/excess; (ii) soybean, elevated carbon dioxide, and ozone levels; and (iii) red maple, augmented ultraviolet irradiation. Fluorescence and R spectra (400-800 nm) were measured on the same foliar samples in conjunction with photosynthetic pigments, carbon, and N content. For separation of a wide range of treatment levels, hyperspectral (5-10 nm) R indices were superior compared with F or broadband R indices, with the derivative parameters providing optimal results. For the detection of changes in vegetation physiology, hyperspectral indices can provide a significant improvement over broadband indices. The relationship of treatment levels to R was linear, whereas that to F was curvilinear. Using reflectance measurements, it was not possible to identify the unstressed vegetation condition, which was accomplished in all three experiments using F indices. Large-scale monitoring of vegetation condition and the detection of vegetation stress could be improved by using hyperspectral R and F information, a possible strategy for future remote sensing missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K E Campbell
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 20771, USA.
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22
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Krupa SV. Joint Effects of Elevated Levels of Ultraviolet-B Radiation, Carbon Dioxide and Ozone on Plants¶†. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0780535jeoelo2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Gao W, Zheng Y, Slusser JR, Heisler GM, Grant RH, Xu J, He D. Effects of Suplementary Ultraviolet-B Irradiance on Maize Yield and Qualities: A Field Experiment¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lütz C, Navakoudis E, Seidlitz HK, Kotzabasis K. Simulated solar irradiation with enhanced UV-B adjust plastid- and thylakoid-associated polyamine changes for UV-B protection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2005; 1710:24-33. [PMID: 16246296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Revised: 08/26/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines have been described to protect against numerous oxidative stresses in plants. Increasing UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) in the biosphere may also induce an increase in radical formation in tissues. This study employed the tobacco cultivars Bel B and Bel W3 to describe possible protective functions of polyamines against UV-B radiation in sun light simulators (GSF/Munich) with natural diurnal fluctuations of simulated UV-B. Polyamine measurements on a whole leaf basis in isolated chloroplasts and thylakoids were paralleled to photosynthetic and respiration rates, photosynthetic efficiency, leaf thickness and photosynthetic pigment compositions. The study revealed that an increase of polyamines, and especially of putrescine level in thylakoid membranes upon elevated UV-B exposure comprises one of the primary protective mechanisms in the photosynthetic apparatus of the tobacco variety Bel B against UV-B radiation. The tobacco cultivar Bel W3, sensitive to ozone, was also proved to be sensitive to UV-B. This sensitivity is attributed to its incapability to enhance putrescine level in thylakoid membranes. After prolongation of UV-B exposure, when endogenous plant balances are being gradually restored, due to secondary responses, (e.g., biosynthesis of carotenoids and of additional flavonoids) and the plant is adapting to the altered environmental conditions, then the polyamine level is being reduced. Thus, we can discriminate the UV-B induced stress period from a UV-B acclimation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lütz
- Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Yoshihara R, Imaki T, Hori M, Watanabe C, Yamamoto K, Takimoto K. CPD photolyase gene from Spinacia oleracea: repair of UV-damaged DNA and expression in plant organs. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2005; 46:157-64. [PMID: 15988133 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.46.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The UV-B radiation contained in solar radiation has deleterious effects on plant growth, development and physiology. Specific damage to DNA caused by UV radiation involves the cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and the pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts. CPDs are repaired by CPD photolyase via a UV-A/blue light-dependent mechanism. The gene for the class II CPD photolyase has been cloned from higher plants such as Arabidopsis, cucumbers and rice. We isolated and characterized the cDNA and a genomic clone encoding the spinach class II CPD photolyase. The gene consisted of 3777 bases and 9 exons. The sequence of amino acids predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA of the gene was highly homologous to that of the higher plants listed above. When a photolyase-deficient Escherichia coli strain was transformed with the cDNA, photoreactivation activity was partially restored, by the illumination with photoreactivating light, resulting in an increased survival and decreased content of CPDs in the Escherichia coli genome. In both the male and female plants, the gene was highly expressed in leaves and flowers under the condition of 14-h light and 10-h dark cycle. The expression in the roots was quite low compared with the other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouhei Yoshihara
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Japan
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26
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Gao W, Zheng Y, Slusser JR, Heisler GM, Grant RH, Xu J, He D. Effects of Supplementary Ultraviolet-B Irradiance on Maize Yield and Qualities: A Field Experiment¶. Photochem Photobiol 2004; 80:127-31. [PMID: 15339220 DOI: 10.1562/2004-05-03-ra-156.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stratospheric ozone depletion has caused an increase in the amount of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the earth's surface. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that the effect of UV-B enhancements on plants includes reduction in grain yield, alteration in species competition, susceptibility to disease and changes in plant structure and pigmentation. Many experiments examining UV-B radiation effects on plants have been conducted in growth chambers or greenhouses. It has been questioned whether the effect of UV-B radiation on plants can be extrapolated to field responses from indoor studies because of the unnaturally high ratios of UV-B/ultraviolet-A radiation (320-400 nm) and UV-B/photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in many indoor studies. Field studies on UV-B radiation effect on plants have been recommended to use the UV and PAR irradiance provided by natural light. This study reports the growth and yield responses of a maize crop exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation and the UV-B effects on maize seed qualities under field conditions. Enhanced UV-B radiation caused a significant reduction in the dry matter accumulation and the maize yield in turn was affected. With increased UV-B radiation the flavonoid accumulation in maize leaves increased and the contents of chlorophyll a, b and (a + b) of maize leaves were reduced. The levels of protein, sugar and starch of maize seed decreased with enhanced UV-B radiation, whereas the level of lysine increased with enhanced UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, 419 Canyon Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
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Agrawal M, Singh B, Rajput M, Marshall F, Bell JNB. Effect of air pollution on peri-urban agriculture: a case study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2003; 126:323-329. [PMID: 12963293 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(03)00245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Peri-urban agriculture is vital for the urban populations of many developing countries. Increases in both industrialization and urbanization, and associated air pollution threaten urban food production and its quality. Six hour mean concentrations were monitored for SO(2), NO(2) and O(3) and plant responses were measured in terms of physiological characteristics, pigment, biomass and yield. Parameter reductions in mung bean (Vigna radiata), palak (Beta vulgaris), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and mustard (Brassica compestris) grown within the urban fringes of Varanasi, India correlated directly with the gaseous pollutants levels. The magnitude of response involved all three gaseous pollutants at peri-urban sites; O(3) had more influence at a rural site. The study concluded that air pollution in Varanasi could negatively influence crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agrawal
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India .
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Krupa S. Atmosphere and agriculture in the new millennium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2003; 126:293-300. [PMID: 12963290 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(03)00242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Effects of changing climate (CO(2), O(3), aerosols, UV-B radiation, temperature and precipitation) on crops are predominantly based on univariate studies. Limited bivariate studies suggest rising CO(2) levels would be beneficial to crops but may be offset by adverse O(3) effects. Elevated UV-B and ambient crop yields are difficult to project due also to limited research. Climate warming concerns, using average daily temperatures may be less important than the effects of rising nocturnal temperatures on crop growth. Traditional approaches of examining air pollutant-induced visible foliar injury or the effects of single air pollutants on crop productivity need to be redirected to the analysis of integrated holistic systems. In that context, present and future agriculture in India and the USA are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Krupa
- Department of Plant Pathology, 495 Borlaug Hall, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Abstract
There is growing interest regarding the joint effects of elevated levels of surface ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation, carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) on plants. Our current knowledge of this subject is too limited to draw any specific conclusions, although one might state that such effects are likely to be highly species dependent and may be more than additive, additive or less than additive. There are a number of uncertainties associated with the experimental protocols used and the conclusions reached in many studies. Nevertheless, in North America, there appear to be genotypes of three monocot crop species (Avena sativa L., Oryza sativa L. and Sorghum vulgare L.); six dicot crops (Cucumis sativus L., Lactuca sativa L., Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L. and Solanum tuberosum L.) and two conifer species (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. and Pinus taeda L.) that may be considered sensitive to the joint effects of elevated levels of UV-B, CO2 and O3. However, to provide a more reliable assessment or validation of the predictions, future research must consider the concept of plant response surfaces and describe them more fully in numerical terms. Achieving that objective will require close cooperation among a number of scientists representing geographic locations with known spatial and temporal differences in UV-B, CO2 and O3 to conduct experiments under their site-specific conditions, using common plant materials and experimental protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar V Krupa
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Conner JK, Neumeier R. The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation and intraspecific competition on growth, pollination success, and lifetime female fitness in Phacelia campanularia and P. purshii (Hydrophyllaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2002; 89:103-110. [PMID: 21669717 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.89.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
While a considerable amount of attention has been devoted to the effects that increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has on vegetative plant growth and physiological function, the impact that UV-B may have on plant fitness has been the focus of fewer studies, with attention given primarily to a few crop species. Further, the possible interactions between UV-B and additional potential stresses found in natural environments have rarely been studied experimentally. Because the reported effects of increased UV-B on plant growth and fitness have been highly variable, studies that focus on factors that may lead to these differences in results are important for the formulation of accurate predictions about future plant success under varying UV-B levels. We examined the effects of UV-B dose and intraspecific competition on growth, phenology, pollen production, pollination success, fruit and seed production, and offspring quality in two species of Phacelia. Increased UV-B was neutral or beneficial for all traits, while competition was neutral or detrimental. There were no significant interactions between UV-B and competition in the parental generation. Phacelia campanularia offspring were unaffected by parental competition, but derived indirect beneficial effects on germination, growth, and fitness traits from parental enhanced UV-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Conner
- Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, 3700 E. Gull Lake Dr., Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060 USA; and
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Olszyk DM, Johnson MG, Phillips DL, Seidler RJ, Tingey DT, Watrud LS. Interactive effects of CO2 and O3 on a ponderosa pine plant/litter/soil mesocosm. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2001; 115:447-462. [PMID: 11789925 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To study individual and combined impacts of two important atmospheric trace gases, CO2 and O3, on C and N cycling in forest ecosystems; a multi-year experiment using a small-scale ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) seedling/soil/litter system was initiated in April 1998. The experiment was conducted in outdoor, sun-lit chambers where aboveground and belowground ecological processes could be studied in detail. This paper describes the approach and methodology used, and presents preliminary data for the first two growing seasons. CO2 treatments were ambient and elevated (ambient + 280 ppm). O3 treatments were elevated (hourly averages to 159 ppb, cumulative exposure > 60 ppb O3, SUM 06 approximately 10.37 ppm h), and a low control level (nearly all hourly averages <40 ppb. SUM 06 approximately 0.07 ppm h). Significant (P < 0.05) individual and interactive effects occurred with elevated CO2 and elevated O3. Elevated CO2 increased needle-level net photosynthetic rates over both seasons. Following the first season, the highest photosynthetic rates were for trees which had previously received elevated O3 in addition to elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 increased seedling stem diameters, with the greatest increase at low O3. Elevated CO2 decreased current year needle % N in the summer. For 1-year-old needles measured in the fall there was a decrease in % N with elevated CO2 at low O3, but an increase in % N with elevated CO2 at elevated O3. Nitrogen fixation (measured by acetylene reduction) was low in ponderosa pine litter and there were no significant CO2 or O3 effects. Neither elevated CO2 nor elevated O3 affected standing root biomass or root length density. Elevated O3 decreased the % N in coarse-fine (1-2 mm diameter) but not in fine (< 1 mm diameter) roots. Both elevated CO2 and elevated O3 tended to increase the number of fungal colony forming units (CFUs) in the AC soil horizon, and elevated O3 tended to decrease bacterial CFUs in the C soil horizon. Thus, after two growing seasons we showed interactive effects of O3 and CO2 in combination, in addition to responses to CO2 or O3 alone for a ponderosa pine plant/litter/soil system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Olszyk
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.
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Lawson T, Craigon J, Black CR, Colls JJ, Tulloch AM, Landon G. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on the growth and yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) grown in open-top chambers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2001; 111:479-91. [PMID: 11202753 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(00)00080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Bintje) was grown in open-top chambers under three carbon dioxide (ambient and seasonal mean concentrations of 550 and 680 mumol mol-1 CO2) and two ozone concentrations (ambient and an 8 h day-1 seasonal mean of 50 nmol mol-1 O3) between emergence and final harvest. Periodic non-destructive measurements were made and destructive harvests were carried out at three key developmental stages (24, 49 and 101 days after emergence) to establish effects on growth and tuber yield. Season-long exposure to elevated O3 reduced above-ground dry weight at final harvest by 8.4% (P < 0.05), but did not affect tuber yields. There was no significant interaction between CO2 and O3 for any of the growth and yield variables examined. Non-destructive analyses revealed no significant effect of elevated CO2 on plant height, leaf number or green leaf area ratio. However, destructive harvests at tuber initiation and 500 degrees Cd after emergence showed that above-ground dry weight (8 and 7% respectively) and tuber yield (88 and 44%) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the 550 mumol mol-1 CO2 treatment. Responses to 550 and 680 mumol mol-1 CO2 were not significantly different for most parameters examined, suggesting the existence of an upper limit to the beneficial influence of CO2 enrichment. Significant effects on above-ground dry weight and tuber yield were no longer apparent at final harvest, although tuber numbers were increased (P < 0.05) under elevated CO2, particularly in the smaller size categories. The results show that the O3 treatment imposed was insufficient to reduce tuber yields and that, although elevated CO2 enhanced crop growth during the early stages of the season, this beneficial effect was not sustained to maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lawson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
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Hao X, Hale BA, Ormrod DP, Papadopoulos AP. Effects of pre-exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation on responses of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. New Yorker) to ozone in ambient and elevated carbon dioxide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2000; 110:217-224. [PMID: 15092836 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/1999] [Accepted: 11/03/1999] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of environmental change in the biosphere include concurrent and sequential combinations of increasing ultraviolet (UV-B) and ozone (O(3)) at increasing carbon dioxide (CO(2)) levels; long-term changes are resulting mainly from stratospheric O(3) depletion, greater tropospheric O(3) photochemical synthesis, and increasing CO(2) emissions. Effects of selected combinations were evaluated in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. New Yorker) seedlings using sequential exposures to enhanced UV-B radiation and O(3) in differential CO(2) concentrations. Ambient (7.2 kJ m(-2 )day(-1)) or enhanced (13.1 kJ m(-2) day(-1)) UV-B fluences and ambient (380 microl l(-1)) or elevated (600 microl l(-1)) CO(2) were imposed for 19 days before exposure to 3-day simulated O(3) episodes with peak concentrations of 0.00, 0.08, 0.16 or 0.24 microl l(-1) O(3) in ambient or elevated CO(2). CO(2) enrichment increased dry mass, leaf area, specific leaf weight, chlorophyll concentration and UV-absorbing compounds per unit leaf area. Exposure to enhanced UV-B increased leaf chlorophyll and UV-absorbing compounds but decreased leaf area and root/shoot ratio. O(3) exposure generally inhibited growth and leaf photosynthesis and did not affect UV-absorbing compounds. The highest dose of O(3) eliminated the stimulating effect of CO(2) enrichment after ambient UV-B pre-exposure on leaf photosynthesis. Pre-exposure to enhanced UV-B mitigated O(3) damage to leaf photosynthesis at elevated CO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hao
- Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Ontario, Canada N0R 1G0
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35
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Loats KV, Rebbeck J. Interactive effects of ozone and elevated carbon dioxide on the growth and physiology of black cherry, green ash, and yellow-poplar seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1999; 106:237-248. [PMID: 15093051 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/1998] [Accepted: 03/04/1999] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Potted seedlings of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) (BC), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) (GA), and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) (YP) were exposed to one of the four treatments: (1) charcoal-filtered air (CF) at ambient CO(2) (control); (2) twice ambient O(3) (2 x O(3)); (3) twice ambient CO(2) (650 microl l(-1)) plus CF air (2 x CO(2)); or (4) twice ambient CO(2) (650 microl l(-1)) plus twice ambient O(3) (2 x CO(2) + 2 x O(3)). The treatments were duplicated in eight continuously stirred tank reactors for 10 weeks. Gas exchange was measured during the last 3 weeks of treatment and all seedlings were destructively harvested after 10 weeks. Significant interactive effects of O(3) and CO(2) on the gas exchange of all three species were limited. The effects of elevated CO(2) and O(3), singly and combined, on light-saturated net photosynthesis (A(max)) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) were inconsistent across species. In all three species, elevated O(3) had no effect on g(s). Elevated CO(2) significantly increased A(max) in GA and YP foliage, and decreased g(s) in YP foliage. Maximum carbon exchange rates and quantum efficiencies derived from light-response curves increased, while compensation irradiance and dark respiration decreased in all three species when exposed to 2 x CO(2). Elevated O(3) affected few of these parameters but any change that was observed was opposite to that from exposure to 2 x CO(2)-air. Interactive effects of CO(2) and O(3) on light-response parameters were limited. Carboxylation efficiencies, derived from CO(2)-response curves (A/C(i) curves) decreased only in YP foliage exposed to 2 x CO(2)-air. In general, growth was significantly stimulated by 2 x CO(2) in all three species; though there were few significant growth responses following exposure to 2 x O(3) or the combination of 2 x CO(2) plus 2 x O(3). Results indicate that responses to interacting stressors such as O(3) and CO(2) are species specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Loats
- Biology Department, Denison University, Granville, OH 43023, USA
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36
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Sampson BJ, Cane JH. Impact of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on flower, pollen, and nectar production. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 1999; 86:108-114. [PMID: 21680350 DOI: 10.2307/2656959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intensified ultraviolet-B radiation or UV-B (wavelengths between 280 and 320 nm) can delay flowering and diminish lifetime flower production in a few plants. Here we studied the effects of enhanced UV-B on floral traits crucial to pollination and pollinator reproduction. We observed simultaneous flowering responses of a new crop plant, Limnanthes alba (Limnathaceae), and a wildflower, Phacelia campanularia (Hydrophyllaceae), to five lifetime UV-B dosages ranging between 2.74 and 15.93 kJ·m·d. Floral traits known to link plant pollination with bee host preference, host fidelity and larval development were measured. Intensified UV-B had no overall effect on nectar and pollen production of L. alba and P. campanularia flowers. A quadratic relationship between UV-B and nectar sugar production occurred in P. campanularia and showed that even subambient UV-B dosages can be deleterious for a floral trait. Other floral responses to UV-B were more dramatic and idiosyncratic. As UV-B dosage increased, L. alba plants were less likely to flower, but suffered no delays in flowering or reductions to lifetime flower production for those that did flower. Conversely, an equal proportion of P. campanularia plants flowered under all UV-B treatments, but these same plants experienced delayed onset to bloom and produced fewer flowers at greater UV-B intensities. Therefore, intensified UV-B elicits idiosyncratic responses in flowering phenology and flower production from these two annual plants. Diurnal patterns in nectar and pollen production strongly coincided with fluctuating humidity and only weakly with UV-B dosage. Overall, our results indicated that intensified UV-B can alter some flowering traits that impinge upon plant competition for pollinator services, as well as plant and pollinator reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Sampson
- Department of Entomology and Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Alabama 36849-5413;and
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37
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Kley D, Kleinmann M, Sanderman H, Krupa S. Photochemical oxidants: state of the science. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1999; 100:19-42. [PMID: 15093111 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/1998] [Accepted: 03/22/1999] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric photochemical processes resulting in the production of tropospheric ozone (O(3)) and other oxidants are described. The spatial and temporal variabilities in the occurrence of surface level oxidants and their relationships to air pollution meteorology are discussed. Models of photooxidant formation are reviewed in the context of control strategies and comparisons are provided of the air concentrations of O(3) at select geographic locations around the world. This overall oxidant (O(3)) climatology is coupled to human health and ecological effects. The discussion of the effects includes both acute and chronic responses, mechanisms of action, human epidemiological and plant population studies and briefly, efforts to establish cause-effect relationships through numerical modeling. A short synopsis is provided of the interactive effects of O(3) with other abiotic and biotic factors. The overall emphasis of the paper is on identifying the current uncertainties and gaps in our understanding of the state of the science and some suggestions as to how they may be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kley
- Institut für Chemie der Belasteten Atmosphäre, Abteilung für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Juelich, Germany
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38
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Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on terrestrial ecosystems. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Laakso K, Huttunen S. Effects of the ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) on conifers: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1998; 99:319-328. [PMID: 15093296 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(98)00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/1997] [Accepted: 12/22/1997] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The current knowledge on conifer responses to enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is mainly based on greenhouse or growth chamber experiments of one growing season in duration. However, the biomass losses observed in greenhouses do not occur in field-grown trees in their natural habitats. Moreover, the majority of the 20 conifer species studied have been 1-year-old seedlings, and no studies have been undertaken on mature trees. Fully grown needles, with their glaucous waxy surfaces and thick epidermal cells with both soluble and wall-bound UV-B screening metabolites, are well protected against UV-B radiation. However, it is not known whether these are sufficient protectants in young emerging needles or during the early spring period of high UV-B levels reflected from snow. In order to understand all the mechanisms that result in the protection of conifer needles against UV-B radiation, future research should focus on the epidermal layer, separating the waxes, cuticle and epidermal and hypodermal cells. Parallel studies should consist of wall-bound and soluble secondary metabolite analysis, antioxidant measurements and microscopic observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Laakso
- University of Oulu, Department of Biology/Botany, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland
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40
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Lavola A, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Roininen H, Aphalo P. Host-plant preference of an insect herbivore mediated by UV-B and CO2 in relation to plant secondary metabolites. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-1978(97)00104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Influence of Drought Stress on the Response of Shortleaf Pine to Ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2178-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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42
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43
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Hao X, Hale BA, Ormrod DP. The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation and carbon dioxide on growth and photosynthesis of tomato. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1139/b97-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were exposed, in controlled environments with 2.7 kJ/(m2 ∙ day) background ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from fluorescent and incandescent lamps, to ambient (380 μL ∙ L−1) or elevated (600 μL−1) CO2 combined with a total of 7.2 or 13.1 kJ/(m2 ∙ day) UV-B radiation to determine effects on growth and photosynthesis. Ten consecutive days of exposure to the higher level of UV-B significantly reduced total and stem dry weight, leaf area, and plant height compared with the lower level. Only leaf area and plant height were significantly reduced after 19 consecutive days of exposure. To investigate whether plants recover from UV-B damage, the UV-B exposures were halted for 3 days after 19 days of UV-B exposure and then restarted for a further 2 days. The largest reduction in plant growth was found after 3 days with no UV-B followed by 2 days of the higher level of UV-B. Plants did not recover from UV-B damage during the 3 days with background UV-B. Significant CO2xUV-B interactions were detected on stem dry weight after 10 consecutive days of the higher level of UV-B and on total dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, and plant height after 3 days with no UV-B followed by 2 days of the higher level of UV-B. The higher dose of enhanced UV-B resulted in more severe damage at 600 μL ∙ L−1 CO2, than at ambient CO2. The higher level of UV-B did not affect the leaf net photosynthesis rate on a leaf area basis, although this UV-B level may have inhibited tomato growth through reducing the photosynthetic area. UV-absorbing compounds in leaves in the highest UV-B radiation level for 19 days were greater than for leaves with the lower dose. These UV-absorbing compounds in the higher UV-B dose diminished more than in the lower dose plants during the 3 days without UV-B. The UV-absorbing compounds maintained by plants exposed to the highest level of UV-B radiation may have protected plants from UV-B damage, particularly between 10 and 19 consecutive days of exposure. Key words: CO2, growth, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., photosynthesis, tomato, ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B), UV-absorbing compounds.
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44
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van de Staaij JW, Tonneijck AE, Rozema J. The effect of reciprocal treatments with ozone and ultraviolet-B radiation on photosynthesis and growth of perennial grass Elymus athericus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1997; 97:281-286. [PMID: 15093366 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(97)00085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/1997] [Accepted: 06/05/1997] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The impact on plant growth of the simultaneously changing factors of the global climate, rising tropospheric O3 concentrations and increasing UV-B radiation fluxes, has been tested in a combined glasshouse and growth chamber experiment. The saltmarsh grass species Elymus athericus was sequentially fumigated for two weeks with O3 and for another two weeks irradiated with UV-B (vv). Exposure to elevated UV-B did not negatively affect photosynthesis or plant growth. Fumigation with O3 had a depressing effect on net photosynthesis, the number and biomass of flowers, the number of leaves and the number of shoots. O3-induced damage only was observed in plants which had been fumigated during the last two weeks of the experiment. Since interactive responses were not observed, results suggest different primary target sites for O3 and UV-B within the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W van de Staaij
- Department of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Potter L, Foot JP, Caporn SJM, Lee JA. The effects of long-term elevated ozone concentrations on the growth and photosynthesis of Sphagnum recurvum and Polytrichum commune. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 1996; 134:649-656. [PMID: 33863197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although ozone is generally accepted to be an important phytotoxic air pollutant, little is known of its effects on natural and semi-natural vegetation. In this study two bryophyte species, Sphagnum recurvum P. Beauv. and Polytrichum commune Hedw., were exposed to long-term chronic ozone concentrations, i.e. 70-80 ppb (nl 1-1 ), for 6-9 wk in summer conditions (mean 15°C) and in winter conditions (mean 6.4°C) in open-top chambers (OTC), in the field, and at 15°C and 5°C in controlled-environment chambers, under laboratory conditions. Fumigation with ozone caused a significant reduction in the growth of treated plants in comparison with that of control plants. However, there were differences between species. S. recurvum was more affected than P. commune. In the controlled-environment chambers growth of S. recurvum was reduced under both winter and summer conditions by 21 and 15%, respectively. In the OTCs, S. recurvum growth was reduced (by 17%) only under summer conditions. P. commune growth was only significantly reduced following ozone exposure in the OTCs under winter conditions. Here the growth reduction was by 22%. Net CO2 assimilation of the two species was also significantly reduced by ozone exposure but only in the OTCs under winter conditions. Net CO2 assimilation of S. recurvum and P. commune was reduced by 60 and 80%, respectively. The ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence (Fv /Fm ratio) was the least affected of the parameters measured. Only for P. commune fumigated in the OTCs under winter conditions was the Fv /Fm ratio significantly reduced (by 4.4%). Bryophytes, by the very nature of their morphology and physiology are, perhaps, more likely to be susceptible to ozone pollution than higher plants; these results are discussed in relation to their possible ecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Potter
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - J P Foot
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - S J M Caporn
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe and Alsager Faculty, Crewe, Cheshire CW1 1DU, UK
| | - J A Lee
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Feldheim K, Conner JK. The effects of increased UV-B radiation on growth, pollination success, and lifetime female fitness in two Brassica species. Oecologia 1996; 106:284-297. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00334556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/1995] [Accepted: 10/26/1995] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Singh A. Growth, physiological, and biochemical responses of three tropical legumes to enhanced UV-B radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1139/b96-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted under field conditions to assess selected growth, physiological, and biochemical responses of three leguminous plants (Vigna radiata L. (Wilczek) cv. PS-16, Phaseolus mungo L. (Hepper) cv. Mash-48, and Glycine max L. (Merr.) cv. Punjab 1) to enhanced UV-B radiation equivalent to 15% ozone depletion at 25°N latitude. Enhanced UV-B radiation adversely affected growth characteristics, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic rate, ascorbic acid content, and catalase activity, whereas a reverse trend was found for phenol content and peroxidase activity in all three species. However, the magnitudes of increases or decreases were different among species, and there was no direct relationship between growth and biochemical responses across species. Keywords: chlorophyll, Glycine max, net photosynthesis, Phaseolus mungo, plant growth, Vigna radiata.
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49
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Løvaas E. Antioxidative and metal-chelating effects of polyamines. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1996; 38:119-49. [PMID: 8895807 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Løvaas
- Norweigian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Norway
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50
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Rudorff BF, Mulchi CL, Lee EH, Rowland R, Pausch R. Effects of enhanced O3 and CO2 enrichment on plant characteristics in wheat and corn. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1996; 94:53-60. [PMID: 15093517 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(96)00050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/1995] [Accepted: 04/22/1996] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of CO(2) enrichment and O(3) induced stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) were studied in field experiments using open-top chambers to simulate the atmospheric concentrations of these two gases that are predicted to occur during the coming century. The experiments were conducted at Beltsville, MD, during 1991 (wheat and corn) and 1992 (wheat). Crops were grown under charcoal filtered (CF) air or ambient air + 40 nl liter(-1) O(3) (7 h per day, 5 days per week) having ambient CO(2) concentration (350 microl liter(-1) CO(2)) or + 150 microl liter(-1) CO(2) (12 h per day.). Averaged over O(3) treatments, the CO(2)-enriched environment had a positive effect on wheat grain yield (26% in 1991 and 15% in 1992) and dry biomass (15% in 1991 and 9% in 1992). Averaged over CO(2) treatments, high O(3) exposure had a negative impact on wheat grain yield (-15% in 1991 and -11% in 1992) and dry biomass (-11% in 1991 and -9% in 1992). Averaged over CO(2) treatments, high O(3) exposure decreased corn grain yield by 9%. No significant interactive effects were observed for either crop. The results indicated that CO(2) enrichment had a beneficial effect in wheat (C(3) crop) but not in corn (C(4) crop). It is likely that the O(3)-induced stress will be diminished under increased atmospheric CO(2) concentrations; however, maximal benefits in crop production in wheat in response to CO(2) enrichment will not be materialized under concomitant increases in tropospheric O(3) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Rudorff
- National Institute for Space Research, Remote Sensing Division, C. P. 515, 12201 S. J., Campos, SP, Brazil
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