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Bauer A, Gebauer N, Knief J, Tharun L, Arnold N, Riecke A, Steinestel K, Witte HM. The expression of the adenosine pathway markers CD39 and CD73 in salivary gland carcinomas harbors the potential for novel immune checkpoint inhibition. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04211-x. [PMID: 35902382 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In salivary gland carcinomas (SGC), there is only a small fraction of entities that appears to profit from immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). Recent findings connected the activation of adenosine-signaling with a tolerogenic microenvironment. Therefore, the inhibition of adenosine pathway markers (CD39 and/or CD73) can augment ICI and/or display a novel immunotherapeutic strategy beyond ICI. Here, we assessed the immuno-histochemical expression of CD39 and CD73 across a wide spectrum of SGCs. METHODS In total, 114 patients with SGCs consecutively diagnosed between 2001 and 2021 were assessed for clinicopathological baseline characteristics and underwent confirmatory histopathological review. Immunohistochemical expression levels of CD39 and CD73 were assessed by applying the tumor proportion score (TPS) and the immune proportional score (IPS) comparable to PD-L1 expression analysis in routine clinical practice. Additionally, findings were correlated with PD-L1 expression levels. RESULTS The median age was 60.6 and 51.8% patients were female. The cohort covered a spectrum of eight distinct entities. Advanced-stage disease (UICC/AJCC III/IVA-IVC) at initial diagnosis was present in the majority of patients (64/114). Immunohistochemical staining revealed positivity for CD39 and CD73 in 48.2% and 21.1% on tumor cells (TPS ≥ 1%) as well as 46.4% and 42.9% within the immune cell infiltrate (IPS ≥ 1%), respectively. Further comparative analyses revealed immune-cold entities such adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), immune-hot tumors such as adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (AC (NOS)) and entities with intermediate immunologic features such as acinic cell carcinoma (ACC). CONCLUSION Current results indicate entity-specific adenosine signaling signatures. These findings suggest that the adenosine pathway plays a decisive role in tumor immunity among the major spectrum of SGCs. Targeting the adenosine pathway might pose a promising therapeutic option for selected entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Bauer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Niklas Gebauer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Juliana Knief
- Institute of Pathology, Marienkrankenhaus Hamburg, Alfredstraße 9, 22087, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Tharun
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nele Arnold
- Department of ENT, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Hamburg, Lesserstraße 180, 22049, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Armin Riecke
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konrad Steinestel
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hanno M Witte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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Chen MM, Meng LH. The double faced role of xanthine oxidoreductase in cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1623-1632. [PMID: 34811515 PMCID: PMC9253144 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a critical, rate-limiting enzyme that controls the last two steps of purine catabolism by converting hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. It also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the catalytic process. The enzyme is generally recognized as a drug target for the therapy of gout and hyperuricemia. The catalytic products uric acid and ROS act as antioxidants or oxidants, respectively, and are involved in pro/anti-inflammatory actions, which are associated with various disease manifestations, including metabolic syndrome, ischemia reperfusion injury, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Recently, extensive efforts have been devoted to understanding the paradoxical roles of XOR in tumor promotion. Here, we summarize the expression of XOR in different types of cancer and decipher the dual roles of XOR in cancer by its enzymatic or nonenzymatic activity to provide an updated understanding of the mechanistic function of XOR in cancer. We also discuss the potential to modulate XOR in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-man Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ling-hua Meng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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KAÇMAZ F, OZCAN O, ARPACI A, AYAZ E, BAYRAKTAR HS, GÖRÜR S. Investigation of the Effects of Lipoic Acid and Dihydrolipoate on Experimental Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Model. MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNIVERSITESI TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.17944/mkutfd.1012649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Cancer immunotherapy resistance: The impact of microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids and other emerging metabolites. Life Sci 2022; 300:120573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Adenosine-Metabolizing Enzymes, Adenosine Kinase and Adenosine Deaminase, in Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030418. [PMID: 35327609 PMCID: PMC8946555 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive effect of adenosine in the microenvironment of a tumor is well established. Presently, researchers are developing approaches in immune therapy that target inhibition of adenosine or its signaling such as CD39 or CD73 inhibiting antibodies or adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. However, numerous enzymatic pathways that control ATP-adenosine balance, as well as understudied intracellular adenosine regulation, can prevent successful immunotherapy. This review contains the latest data on two adenosine-lowering enzymes: adenosine kinase (ADK) and adenosine deaminase (ADA). ADK deletes adenosine by its phosphorylation into 5′-adenosine monophosphate. Recent studies have revealed an association between a long nuclear ADK isoform and an increase in global DNA methylation, which explains epigenetic receptor-independent role of adenosine. ADA regulates the level of adenosine by converting it to inosine. The changes in the activity of ADA are detected in patients with various cancer types. The article focuses on the biological significance of these enzymes and their roles in the development of cancer. Perspectives of future studies on these enzymes in therapy for cancer are discussed.
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ERMAYA M, DEMİR H, DEMİR C, KANMAZ H. INVESTİGATION OF AVERAGE VALUES OF PROLIDASE, ADENOZIN DEAMINASE, GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE AND GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE ENZYMES IN PANCREAS CANCERS. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.861254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xanthine Oxidase/Dehydrogenase Activity as a Source of Oxidative Stress in Prostate Cancer Tissue. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090668. [PMID: 32899343 PMCID: PMC7555171 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most frequent malignancies. Better biomarkers are constantly wanted, such as those which can help with the prediction of cancer behavior. What is also needed is a marker which may serve as a possible therapeutic target. Oxidative stress (OS), which is a hallmark of cancer, is included in the pathogenesis and progression of PC. We have conducted the present study to determine whether xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase activity is the source of OS in prostate tissue. We have also determined the concentration of TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as well as the activity of catalase. Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is significantly higher (p < 0.001) in tumor tissue when compared to the control healthy tissue. The concentration of TBARS (p < 0.001) and AOPP (p < 0.05) are also higher in tumor tissue. Catalase has raised its activity (p < 0.05) versus the control. There is also a strong correlation between XO activity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in the serum. These results indicate a significant role of XO activity in OS in prostate carcinogenesis, and it could be a possible theranostic biomarker, which can be important for a better understanding of the disease, its evolution, and prognosis. A promising treatment may be using XO inhibitors such as allopurinol as adjuvant therapy.
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Roh M, Wainwright DA, Wu JD, Wan Y, Zhang B. Targeting CD73 to augment cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 53:66-76. [PMID: 32777746 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) is a novel immunoinhibitory protein that plays a key role for tumor growth and metastasis. Its main function is to convert extracellular ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine in concert with CD39 in normal tissues to limit excessive immune response. However, tumors take advantage of the CD73-mediated adenosinergic mechanism to protect them from immune attack. In particular, inducible expression of CD73 along with other adenosinergic molecules on both cancer cells and host cells sustains immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by affecting multiple aspects of the immune response. Owing to its multifaceted capacity to tumor promotion as an emerging immune checkpoint, CD73 is an ideal therapeutic target for cancer treatment especially in combination with conventional therapy and/or other immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we will discuss the roles of CD73 on tumor and immune cells and will highlight the therapeutic value of CD73 for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meejeon Roh
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Bagheri S, Saboury AA, Haertlé T. Adenosine deaminase inhibition. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:1246-1257. [PMID: 31520704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase is a critical enzyme in purine metabolism that regulates intra and extracellular adenosine concentrations by converting it to inosine. Adenosine is an important purine that regulates numerous physiological functions by interacting with its receptors. Adenosine and consequently adenosine deaminase can have pro or anti-inflammatory effects on tissues depending on how much time has passed from the start of the injury. In addition, an increase in adenosine deaminase activity has been reported for various diseases and the significant effect of deaminase inhibition on the clinical course of different diseases has been reported. However, the use of inhibitors is limited to only a few medical indications. Data on the increase of adenosine deaminase activity in different diseases and the impact of its inhibition in various cases have been collected and are discussed in this review. Overall, the evidence shows that many studies have been done to introduce inhibitors, however, in vivo studies have been much less than in vitro, and often have not been expanded for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - A A Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - T Haertlé
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France
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ROS Generation and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Normal and Malignant Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6175804. [PMID: 31467634 PMCID: PMC6701375 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6175804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of normal cell activity. They are produced in many cellular compartments and play a major role in signaling pathways. Overproduction of ROS is associated with the development of various human diseases (including cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders), inflammation, and aging. Tumors continuously generate ROS at increased levels that have a dual role in their development. Oxidative stress can promote tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy through DNA damage, leading to the accumulation of mutations and genome instability, as well as reprogramming cell metabolism and signaling. On the contrary, elevated ROS levels can induce tumor cell death. This review covers the current data on the mechanisms of ROS generation and existing antioxidant systems balancing the redox state in mammalian cells that can also be related to tumors.
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11
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Davies JMS, Cillard J, Friguet B, Cadenas E, Cadet J, Cayce R, Fishmann A, Liao D, Bulteau AL, Derbré F, Rébillard A, Burstein S, Hirsch E, Kloner RA, Jakowec M, Petzinger G, Sauce D, Sennlaub F, Limon I, Ursini F, Maiorino M, Economides C, Pike CJ, Cohen P, Salvayre AN, Halliday MR, Lundquist AJ, Jakowec NA, Mechta-Grigoriou F, Mericskay M, Mariani J, Li Z, Huang D, Grant E, Forman HJ, Finch CE, Sun PY, Pomatto LCD, Agbulut O, Warburton D, Neri C, Rouis M, Cillard P, Capeau J, Rosenbaum J, Davies KJA. The Oxygen Paradox, the French Paradox, and age-related diseases. GeroScience 2017; 39:499-550. [PMID: 29270905 PMCID: PMC5745211 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A paradox is a seemingly absurd or impossible concept, proposition, or theory that is often difficult to understand or explain, sometimes apparently self-contradictory, and yet ultimately correct or true. How is it possible, for example, that oxygen "a toxic environmental poison" could be also indispensable for life (Beckman and Ames Physiol Rev 78(2):547-81, 1998; Stadtman and Berlett Chem Res Toxicol 10(5):485-94, 1997)?: the so-called Oxygen Paradox (Davies and Ursini 1995; Davies Biochem Soc Symp 61:1-31, 1995). How can French people apparently disregard the rule that high dietary intakes of cholesterol and saturated fats (e.g., cheese and paté) will result in an early death from cardiovascular diseases (Renaud and de Lorgeril Lancet 339(8808):1523-6, 1992; Catalgol et al. Front Pharmacol 3:141, 2012; Eisenberg et al. Nat Med 22(12):1428-1438, 2016)?: the so-called, French Paradox. Doubtless, the truth is not a duality and epistemological bias probably generates apparently self-contradictory conclusions. Perhaps nowhere in biology are there so many apparently contradictory views, and even experimental results, affecting human physiology and pathology as in the fields of free radicals and oxidative stress, antioxidants, foods and drinks, and dietary recommendations; this is particularly true when issues such as disease-susceptibility or avoidance, "healthspan," "lifespan," and ageing are involved. Consider, for example, the apparently paradoxical observation that treatment with low doses of a substance that is toxic at high concentrations may actually induce transient adaptations that protect against a subsequent exposure to the same (or similar) toxin. This particular paradox is now mechanistically explained as "Adaptive Homeostasis" (Davies Mol Asp Med 49:1-7, 2016; Pomatto et al. 2017a; Lomeli et al. Clin Sci (Lond) 131(21):2573-2599, 2017; Pomatto and Davies 2017); the non-damaging process by which an apparent toxicant can activate biological signal transduction pathways to increase expression of protective genes, by mechanisms that are completely different from those by which the same agent induces toxicity at high concentrations. In this review, we explore the influences and effects of paradoxes such as the Oxygen Paradox and the French Paradox on the etiology, progression, and outcomes of many of the major human age-related diseases, as well as the basic biological phenomenon of ageing itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M S Davies
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Josiane Cillard
- Lab de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Rennes, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM ERL U1164, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Rachael Cayce
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Andrew Fishmann
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - David Liao
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Bulteau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon,ENS de Lyon, CNRS, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- Laboratory for Movement, Sport and Health Sciences-EA 1274, M2S, Université de Rennes 2-ENS, Bruz, 35170, Rennes, France
| | - Amélie Rébillard
- Laboratory for Movement, Sport and Health Sciences-EA 1274, M2S, Université de Rennes 2-ENS, Bruz, 35170, Rennes, France
| | - Steven Burstein
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Etienne Hirsch
- INSERM UMR 1127-CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière-ICM Thérapeutique Expérimentale de la Maladie de Parkinson, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Robert A Kloner
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, 91105, USA
| | - Michael Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Giselle Petzinger
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Delphine Sauce
- Chronic infections and Immune ageing, INSERM U1135, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Pierre et Marie Curie University, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Limon
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Christina Economides
- Los Angeles Cardiology Associates, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Christian J Pike
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Anne Negre Salvayre
- Lipid peroxidation, Signalling and Vascular Diseases INSERM U1048, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Matthew R Halliday
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Adam J Lundquist
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Nicolaus A Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | | | - Mathias Mericskay
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire-Inserm UMR-S 1180, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, Paris, France
| | - Jean Mariani
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM ERL U1164, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Ellsworth Grant
- Department of Oncology & Hematology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Henry J Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Los Angeles Cardiology Associates, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Patrick Y Sun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Laura C D Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Warburton
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutics program and the Center for Environmental Impact on Global Health Across the Lifespan at The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Christian Neri
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mustapha Rouis
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM ERL U1164, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Cillard
- Lab de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Rennes, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- DR Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, UPMC, Inserm Faculté de Médecine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean Rosenbaum
- Scientific Service of the Embassy of France in the USA, Consulate General of France in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA.
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Santos KF, Gutierres JM, Pillat MM, Rissi VB, Santos Araújo MDCD, Bertol G, Gonçalves PBD, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM. Uncaria tomentosa extract alters the catabolism of adenine nucleotides and expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 and P2X7 and A1 receptors in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:108-116. [PMID: 27590731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. (Rubiaceae) (Ut), also known as cat's claw, is a woody liana widely spread throughout the Amazon rainforest of Central and South America, containing many chemical constituents such as oxindole alkaloids, which are responsible for various biological activities. Since ancient times, the indigenous people of Peru have used it as a bark infusion for the treatment of a wide range of health problems gastric ulcers, arthritis and rheumatism. Recently, Ut is distributed worldwide and used as an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory herbal remedy. Additionally, U. tomentosa also has antitumural activity. However, little is known about the action of U. tomentosa on the purinergic system mechanisms, which is involved in tumor progression. AIM OF THE STUDY Considering the pharmacological properties of U. tomentosa, we sought to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extract U tomentosa is able to influence the purinergic system in breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231. Through the activity and expression of ectonucleotidases (NTPDase - CD39; Ecto-5'-nucleotidase - CD73) and purinergic repceptores (P2X7 and A1). MATERIALS AND METHODS A hydroalcoholic extract was prepared in two concentrations, 250 and 500μg/mL. (Ut250; Ut500). The effect of these concentrations on the activity and expression of ectonucleotidases, as well as on the density of purinergic receptors were investigated in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Cells were treated with the hydroalcoholic extract of Uncaria tomentosa and/or doxorubicin (Doxo 1μM; Ut250+Doxo; Ut500+Doxo) for 24h. RESULTS Although the results were not significant for the hydrolysis of the ATP, they presented an increase in the ADP hydrolysis in the Ut500+Doxo group when compared to the control group. Additionally, the activity of 5'-nucleotidase was inhibited in all groups when compared with the untreated group of cells. Inhibition of the enzyme was more evident in groups with U. tomentosa per se. The expression of CD39 was increased in the Ut250 and Ut250+Doxo groups when compared to the control group. No changes were found in the CD73 expression. Furthermore, a reduction in the density of the P2X7 receptor in all treated groups was detected. On the other hand, the density of the A1 receptor increased in all groups compared to the control group, with the exception of the Ut500+Doxo group. CONCLUSION Therefore, we conclude that hydroalcoholic extract of U. tomentosa may be responsible for the reduction of adenosine levels in the extracellular medium, which accelerates tumor progression. Interestingly, the dysregulation of A1 and P2X7 receptors in the MDA-MB-231 cells exacerbate the proliferation of this cells and U. tomentosa treatment may be stimulate the antitumor activity of adenosine A1 receptor and control the P2X7 effects. Our study demonstrates the significant participation of purinergic pathway in the regulation of MDA-MB-231 progression; additionally, U. tomentosa treatment alone or combined with chemotherapy may favor the action of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Freitas Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Prédio 18, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Regional Integrada University (URI), CEP 984000-000 Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jessié Martins Gutierres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Prédio 18, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Micheli Mainardi Pillat
- Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Braga Rissi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Prédio 97, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Prédio 97, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Prédio 18, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, Prédio 18, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Bowser JL, Broaddus RR. CD73s protection of epithelial integrity: Thinking beyond the barrier. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1224963. [PMID: 28123924 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1224963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevailing view of CD73 in cancer is that it is overexpressed in tumors and promotes cancer progression by dampening local T cell-mediated immune responses. We recently found that CD73 is down-regulated in poorly-differentiated and advanced stage endometrial carcinoma compared to normal endometrium and well-differentiated, early stage tumors. We revealed that CD73-generated adenosine induces a physiological response to protect epithelial integrity in well-differentiated, early stage endometrial carcinoma. The ability of CD73-generated adenosine to protect the barrier is not so different from its ability to induce immunosuppression and other physiological responses in cancerous tissues. In this commentary we examine the complexity of CD73 in cancer and suggest that a "one size fits all" approach to the role of CD73/adenosine in cancer is no longer warranted. Given that tumors often hijack normal cellular responses, we also provide consideration on how CD73s known role to protect barrier function may have implications in promoting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bowser
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Russell R Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
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Akyol Ö, Arslanoǧlu R, Durak İ. Activities of free radical and DNA turn-over enzymes in cancerous and non-cancerous human brain tissues. Redox Rep 2016; 1:255-9. [DOI: 10.1080/13510002.1995.11746995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Battelli MG, Polito L, Bortolotti M, Bolognesi A. Xanthine oxidoreductase in cancer: more than a differentiation marker. Cancer Med 2016; 5:546-57. [PMID: 26687331 PMCID: PMC4799950 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the last two steps of purine catabolism and is present in two interconvertible forms, which may utilize O2 or NAD(+) as electron acceptors. In addition to uric acid, XOR products may comprise reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that have many biologic effects, including inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and cytotoxicity, as well as mutagenesis and induction of proliferation. XOR is strictly modulated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels, and its expression and activity are highly variable in cancer. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) expression has been negatively associated with a high malignity grade and a worse prognosis in neoplasms of the breast, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney, which normally express a high level of XOR protein. However, the level of XOR expression may be associated with a worse outcome in cancer of low XOR-expressing cells, in relation to the inflammatory response elicited through the tissue damage induced by tumor growth. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has been implicated in the process of oncogenesis either directly because it is able to catalyze the metabolic activation of carcinogenic substances or indirectly through the action of XOR-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The role of uric acid is characterized by both oxidant and antioxidant action; thus, it is still debatable whether control of uricemia may be helpful to improve the outcomes of tumor illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Battelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine – DIMESAlma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, General Pathology UnitVia S. Giacomo 1440126BolognaItaly
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine – DIMESAlma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, General Pathology UnitVia S. Giacomo 1440126BolognaItaly
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine – DIMESAlma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, General Pathology UnitVia S. Giacomo 1440126BolognaItaly
| | - Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine – DIMESAlma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, General Pathology UnitVia S. Giacomo 1440126BolognaItaly
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Bowser JL, Blackburn MR, Shipley GL, Molina JG, Dunner K, Broaddus RR. Loss of CD73-mediated actin polymerization promotes endometrial tumor progression. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:220-38. [PMID: 26642367 DOI: 10.1172/jci79380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is central to the generation of extracellular adenosine. Previous studies have highlighted a detrimental role for extracellular adenosine in cancer, as it dampens T cell-mediated immune responses. Here, we determined that, in contrast to other cancers, CD73 is markedly downregulated in poorly differentiated and advanced-stage endometrial carcinoma compared with levels in normal endometrium and low-grade tumors. In murine models, CD73 deficiency led to a loss of endometrial epithelial barrier function, and pharmacological CD73 inhibition increased in vitro migration and invasion of endometrial carcinoma cells. Given that CD73-generated adenosine is central to regulating tissue protection and physiology in normal tissues, we hypothesized that CD73-generated adenosine in endometrial carcinoma induces an innate reflex to protect epithelial integrity. CD73 associated with cell-cell contacts, filopodia, and membrane zippers, indicative of involvement in cell-cell adhesion and actin polymerization-dependent processes. We determined that CD73-generated adenosine induces cortical actin polymerization via adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) induction of a Rho GTPase CDC42-dependent conformational change of the actin-related proteins 2 and 3 (ARP2/3) actin polymerization complex member N-WASP. Cortical F-actin elevation increased membrane E-cadherin, β-catenin, and Na(+)K(+) ATPase. Together, these findings reveal that CD73-generated adenosine promotes epithelial integrity and suggest why loss of CD73 in endometrial cancer allows for tumor progression. Moreover, our data indicate that the role of CD73 in cancer is more complex than previously described.
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Turamanlar O, Özen OA, Songur A, Yağmurca M, Akçer S, Mollaoğlu H, Aktaş C. Protective Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Rat Sciatic Nerve Ischemia Reperfusion Damage. Balkan Med J 2015; 32:196-202. [PMID: 26167345 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2015.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant that plays numerous roles in human health. This study examined the effect of ALA on rat sciatic nerve ischemia reperfusion damage. AIMS Protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on sciatic nerve following ischemia-reperfusion in rats was investigated by using light microscopy and biochemical methods. Provided that the protective effect of ALA on sciatic nerve is proven, we think the damage to the sciatic nerve that has already occurred or might occur in patients for various reasons maybe prevented or stopped by giving ALA in convenient doses. STUDY DESIGN Animal experiment. METHODS Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 grams) were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into six groups including one control (Group 1), one sham (Group 2), two ischemia-reperfusion (Groups 3 and 4) and two treatment groups (Groups5 and 6). Doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg ALA were given (Group 5 and 6) intra peritoneally twice, 1 and 24 hours before the ischemia to each treatment group. Ischemia was carried out the abdominal aorta starting from the distal part of the renal vein for two hours followed by reperfusion for three hours. In immunohistochemical methods, fibronectin immunoreactivity was analyzed. For biochemical analyses, the tissues were taken in eppendorf microtubes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) enzyme activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitricoxide (NO) levels were measured. RESULTS Fibronectin was observed to have increased significantly in the ischemia group; on the other hand, it was observed to have decreased in parallel to the doses in the ALA groups. Biochemical studies showed that SOD and GSHPx declined with ischemia-reperfusion, but the activities of these enzymes were increased in the treatment groups in parallel with the dose. It was found that increased MDA levels with ischemia-reperfusion were decreased in parallel with ALA dose. There were no statistically significant changes in NO. CONCLUSION Increased fibronectin observed after ischemia/reperfusion of rat sciatic nerve is reduced after the administration of ALA. This indicates that the function of fibronectin, to reconnect cut nerve segments and regenerate nerves, is more prominent than its function in tissue healing after ischemia. ALA administered before ischemia decreases MDA and increases SOD and GSHPx. We think that ALA may protect against the pathological changes in ischemic nerve and may be used to devise more efficient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Turamanlar
- Department of Anatomy, Afyon Kocatepe University Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Aslan Özen
- Department of Anatomy, Namık Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Songur
- Department of Anatomy, Afyon Kocatepe University Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Murat Yağmurca
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sezer Akçer
- Department of Anatomy, Dumlupınar University Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Mollaoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Şifa University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cevat Aktaş
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Durak ZE, Büber S, Kocaoğlu EH, Öztürk B. Static magnetic field inhibits 5' nucleotidase activity in cancerous and non-cancerous human gastric tissues. Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 35:54-8. [PMID: 25372949 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2014.977389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate possible effects of static magnetic field (SMF) on 5' nucleotidase (5'NT-CD73) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities in cancerous and non-cancerous human gastric tissues in order to contribute to the elucidation of the anticancer activity of SMF. Cancerous and non-cancerous human gastric tissues removed from patients by surgical operations were used in the studies. SMF was created using two static magnets. Before and after treatment with SMF, 5'NT and XO activities in the tissue samples were measured. 5'NT activity was found to be lowered, but no significant change was observed in XO activity in the gastric tissues treated with the SMF. Our results suggest that SMF inhibits 5'NT enzyme in gastric tissues significantly. It is supposed that in addition to other proposed mechanisms, inhibition of purine catabolic activity due to inhibition of some key enzymes in the DNA turn-over like 5'NT might also play part in the anticancer activity of SMF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Süleyman Büber
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry , Medical Faculty, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ender Hilmi Kocaoğlu
- c Department of Surgical Oncology , Medical Faculty, Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey , and
| | - Bahadır Öztürk
- d Department of Medical Biochemistry , Medical Faculty, Selçuk University , Konya , Turkey
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Hasan HR, Mathkor TH, Al-Habal MH. Superoxide dismutase isoenzyme activities in plasma and tissues of Iraqi patients with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2571-6. [PMID: 22938422 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the first of the most common ten cancers in Iraq. Its etiology is mulifactorial, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation being suggested to play important roles in carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the oxidant-antioxidant status in breast cancer patients, by measuring SOD isoenzyme activities (total SOD, CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD and EC-SOD) in plasma and breast tumors, and by estimating thiobarbituric reactive substance (TBRS) in tissue homogenates. General increase in total SOD activity was observed in plasma and tissue samples of breast tumors, greater in the malignant when compared to benign group (p<0.05). Mn- SOD showed a significant decrease in tissue malignant samples (p<0.05), and insignificant decrease in plasma malignant samples compared with control and benign samples. Plasma EC-SOD activity in both patient benign and malignant breast tumors demonstrated 3.5% and 22.8% increase, respectively. However, there was a decrease in tissue EC-SOD activity in malignant breast tumors when compared with benign. A similar tendency was noted for TBRS.We suggested that elevated total SOD might reflect a response to oxidative stress, and then may predict a state of excess reactive oxygen species in the carcinogenesis process. If there is proteolytic removal of the heparin binding domain, EC-SOD will lose its affinity for the extracellular matrix and diffuse out of the tissue. This will result in a decreased EC-SOD activity, thus leading to an increase in the steady-state concentration of O2- in this domain, and increase in EC-SOD activity in extracellular fluid. This might explain the result recorded here concerning the decrease in tissue EC-SOD activity and increase in plasma of breast cancer patients.
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Metwally NS, Ali SA, Mohamed AM, Khaled HM, Ahmed SA. Levels of certain tumor markers as differential factors between bilharzial and non-biharzial bladder cancer among Egyptian patients. Cancer Cell Int 2011; 11:8. [PMID: 21473769 PMCID: PMC3097143 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-11-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Bladder cancer is the commonest type of malignant tumors as a result of schistosomaisis which is a major healthy problem in many subtropical developing countries. The aim of this study is to comparatively elucidate the underlying biochemical tumor markers in schistosomal bladder cancer versus non-schistosomal bladder cancer when compared to normal healthy ones. METHODS This work was performed on tissue specimens from total 25 patients and serum samples from total 30 patients versus ten healthy individuals served as control. The investigated parameters in serum are: xanthine oxidase (XO), fructosamine, lactate dehydrogense (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total proteins, essential and non- essential amino acids profile, hydroxyproline, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In addition, the current investigation also extended to study some markers in tumor bladder tissues including, pyruvate kinase enzyme (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). RESULTS Results showed that biharzial bladder cancer patients recored more significant elevation in serum XO, fructosamine, LDH, AST, ALT, hydroxyproline, IgE and TNF-α than in bladder cancer patients when compared to control ones. While, in tissues there were significant increase in PK, LDH, AST & ALT activities of schistosomal bladder cancer than in bladder cancer as compared to control healthy patients. CONCLUSIONS It could be concluded that, bilharzial and non-bilharzial bladder cancer showed distinct biochemical profile of tumor development and progression which can be taken into consideration in diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Metwally
- Theraputic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A Ali
- Theraputic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Azza M Mohamed
- Theraputic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | | | - Samia A Ahmed
- Theraputic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
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Venkatesan PN, Rajendran P, Ekambaram G, Sakthisekaran D. Combination therapeutic effect of cisplatin along with Solanum trilobatum on benzo(a)pyrene induced experimental lung carcinogenesis. Nat Prod Res 2008; 22:1094-106. [PMID: 18780251 DOI: 10.1080/14786410802267601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world and is notoriously difficult to treat effectively. In the present study, male Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups of six animals each: group I animals received corn oil orally and served as a control; group II cancer-induced animals received benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) (50 mg kg(-1) bodyweight dissolved in corn oil, orally) twice weekly for four successive weeks; group III cancer-bearing animals (after 12 weeks of induction) were treated with cisplatin (6 mg kg(-1) bodyweight, i.p.) once weekly for 4 weeks; group IV cancer-bearing animals were treated with cisplatin along with Solanum trilobatum (300 mg kg(-1) bodyweight) orally once weekly for 4 weeks; and group V animals constituted the drug control treated with cisplatin along with S. trilobatum. The serum, lung and liver were investigated biochemically for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, 5'-nucleotidase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and protein-bound carbohydrate components (hexose, hexosamine and sialic acid). These enzyme activities were increased significantly in cancer-bearing animals compared with control animals. The elevation of these in cancer-bearing animals was indicative of the persistent deteriorating effect of B[a]P in cancer-bearing animals. Our data suggest that cisplatin, administered with S. trilobatum, may extend its chemotherapeutic effect through modulating protein-bound carbohydrate levels and marker enzymes, as they are indicators of cancer. The combination of cisplatin with S. trilobatum could effectively treat the B[a]P-induced lung cancer in mice by offering protection from reactive oxygen species damage and also by suppressing cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Venkatesan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India.
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Ravichandr K, Ramanibai R. Protective Effect of Flavanoidal Fraction of Indigofera tinctoria on Benzo (α) Pyrene Induced Lung Carcinogenicity in Swiss Albino Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2008.71.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ibiş M, Köklü S, Yilmaz FM, Başar O, Yilmaz G, Yüksel O, Yildirim E, Oztürk ZA. Serum adenosine deaminase levels in pancreatic diseases. Pancreatology 2007; 7:526-30. [PMID: 17901713 DOI: 10.1159/000108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is found in most tissues including the pancreas. Its role in inflammation and malignancy has been studied experimentally. To date, serum ADA levels in pancreatic diseases have not been studied before. AIM To assess the levels of ADA in patients with pancreatitis and cancer of the pancreas. METHODOLOGY Serum levels of ADA were investigated in 14 cases with acute pancreatitis (mean age 46 years; male/female 5/9), 38 with chronic pancreatitis (mean age 46 years; male/female 25/13), 21 with cancer of the pancreas (mean age 67 years; male/female 11/10), and 21 healthy controls (mean age 40 years; male/female 11/10). The ADA levels were also compared among patients with pancreatic cancer with regard to tumor size and localization and the presence of metastases. Correlation analysis between ADA and CA 19.9 was also performed. RESULTS Serum ADA levels were 12.66 (9.54-20.72), 12.51 (8.88-26.64), 15.36 (10.20-21.05) and 9.39 (6.58-11.84) U/l in patients with acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and healthy controls, respectively. Serum ADA levels were significantly higher in acute and chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer patients compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Pancreatic cancer patients had significantly higher serum ADA levels when compared with acute and chronic pancreatitis cases (p < 0.05). The serum ADA levels were comparable according to tumor size and location and the presence of metastases. There was a linear correlation between serum ADA and CA 19-9 levels (p = 0.027, r = 0.552). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the ADA enzyme may play a role in inflammatory diseases of the pancreas. Serum ADA levels increase in pancreatic disorders especially in pancreatic cancer. It may be a serum marker for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ibiş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dişkapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Effects of garlic and black grape extracts on the activity of adenosine deaminase from cancerous and noncancerous human urinary bladder tissues. Med Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-007-9027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ross AJ, Dailey LA, Brighton LE, Devlin RB. Transcriptional profiling of mucociliary differentiation in human airway epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 37:169-85. [PMID: 17413031 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0466oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI) in the appropriate medium, primary human airway epithelial cells form a polarized, pseudostratified epithelium composed of ciliated and mucus-secreting cells. This culture system provides a useful tool for the in vitro study of airway epithelial biology and differentiation. We have performed microarray analysis on ALI cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) grown over a 28-d period to identify genes involved in mucociliary differentiation. We identified over 2,000 genes that displayed statistically significant 2-fold or greater changes in expression during the time course. Of the genes showing the largest increases, many are involved in processes associated with airway epithelial biology, such as cell adhesion, immunity, transport, and cilia formation; however, many novel genes were also identified. We compared our results with data from proteomic analyses of the ciliary axoneme and identified candidate genes that may have roles in cilia formation or function. Gene networks were generated using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (Ingenuity Systems, Redwood City, CA) to identify signaling pathways involved in mucociliary cell differentiation or function. Networks containing genes involved in TGF-beta, WNT/beta-catenin, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways were identified, suggesting potential roles for these families in airway epithelia. Microarray results were validated by real-time RT-PCR for a number of representative genes. This work has provided extensive information about gene expression changes during differentiation of airway epithelial cells, and will be a useful resource for researchers interested in respiratory function, pathology, and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Ross
- Clinical Research Branch, Human Studies Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7315, USA
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Senthilnathan P, Padmavathi R, Magesh V, Sakthisekaran D. Chemotherapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel in combination with Withania somnifera on benzo(a)pyrene-induced experimental lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:658-64. [PMID: 16827807 PMCID: PMC11159414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world and is notoriously difficult to treat effectively. In the present study, male Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups of six animals each: group I animals received corn oil orally and served as a control; group II cancer-induced animals received benzo(a)pyrene (50 mg/kg bodyweight dissolved in corn oil, orally) twice weekly for four successive weeks; group III cancer-bearing animals (after 12 weeks of induction) were treated with paclitaxel (33 mg/kg bodyweight, i.p.) once weekly for 4 weeks; group IV cancer-bearing animals were treated with paclitaxel along with Withania somnifera (400 mg/kg bodyweight) orally once weekly for 4 weeks; and group V animals constituted the drug control treated with paclitaxel along with W. somnifera. The serum, lung and liver were investigated biochemically for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, 5'-nucleotidase, lactate dehydrogenase and protein-bound carbohydrate components (hexose, hexosamine and sialic acid). These enzyme activities were increased significantly in cancer-bearing animals compared with control animals. The elevation of these in cancer-bearing animals was indicative of the persistent deteriorating effect of benzo(a)pyrene in cancer-bearing animals. Our data suggest that paclitaxel, administered with W. somnifera, may extend its chemotherapeutic effect through modulating protein-bound carbohydrate levels and marker enzymes, as they are indicators of cancer. The combination of paclitaxel with W. somnifera could effectively treat the benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung cancer in mice by offering protection from reactive oxygen species damage and also by suppressing cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniyandi Senthilnathan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, ALM Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600-113, India
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Saracoglu U, Guven O, Durak I. Adenosine deaminase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in saliva from patients with oral and laryngeal cancer. Oral Dis 2005; 11:323-5. [PMID: 16120121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate saliva's activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) enzymes and their utility as diagnostic and therapeutic markers in oral and laryngeal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre- and post-operative saliva's activities of ADA and 5'-NT enzymes were measured in patients with squamous cell oral (n = 10) and laryngeal cancer (n = 17) and compared with control saliva samples (n = 19). RESULTS The ADA was found to be lower in saliva of the patients with oral cancer compared with the laryngeal cancer and controls. However, no significant differences were found between pre- and post-operative values for both enzymes in the patient groups. We also could not find statistically significant differences between saliva's activities of 5'-NT in patients and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Low activity of ADA observed in saliva of the patients with oral cancer has been suggested as a compensatory mechanism against rapid purine and DNA metabolism in cancer cells. The current study does not support the hypothesis that saliva's activities of these enzymes may be used as additional diagnostic and prognostic cancer markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Saracoglu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kirikkale, Turkey.
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Kuku I, Aydogdu I, Bayraktar N, Kaya E, Akyol O, Erkurt MA. Oxidant/antioxidant parameters and their relationship with medical treatment in multiple myeloma. Cell Biochem Funct 2005; 23:47-50. [PMID: 15386538 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic disorder characterized by monoclonal multiplying of plasma cells. Although radiation, environmental factors, viruses and other factors have been suggested as potential causes of the disease, the aetiopathogenesis of MM is still obscure. This clinical study was designed to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aetiopathogenesis of the disease and the possible relationships between treatment and ROS production. For this purpose, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities as well as plasma nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in 14 MM patients newly diagnosed at stage III. The relationship between the above-mentioned parameters and vincristine-adriamycin-dexamethasone (VAD) therapy were also investigated in the same patients. All the enzyme activities and the parameters of oxidative stress were found to be significantly reduced after VAD therapy. These findings suggest that ROS may be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of MM. Further investigations with a larger cohort of MM patients are needed to provide definitive data about the role of ROS in MM and the alternative therapeutic approaches to MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Kuku
- Department of Hematology, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey.
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29
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Ergüder IB, Cetin R, Devrim E, Kiliçoğlu B, Avci A, Durak I. Effects of cyclosporine on oxidant/antioxidant status in rat ovary tissues: Protective role of black grape extract. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:1311-5. [PMID: 15914335 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been demonstrated that immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA) increases the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products in vitro and in vivo studies, but its possible toxic effects in ovary tissue have not been defined yet. This study was designed to elucidate possible relation between CsA treatment and oxidant/antioxidant status in rat ovary tissue and, to determine if antioxidant supplementation is beneficial. METHODS CsA and black grape extracts were given to rats orally for 10 days. In each group (control, CsA, CsA plus black grape and black grape alone), there were 7 animals (28 rats in total). After the animals were sacrificed, their ovaries were removed to be used in the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and xanthine oxidase (XO) enzymes. RESULTS In the control, CsA plus black grape and black grape alone groups, MDA levels were significantly lower than CsA group. Xanthine oxidase activities were significantly higher in CsA and CsA plus black grape groups than control group. In addition, XO activity was significantly lower in black grape alone group than all the other groups including control group. There were no significant differences in the activities of SOD and CAT enzymes between the groups. CONCLUSION The results suggest that CsA leads to oxidant stress and peroxidation in rat ovary tissues mainly due to increased XO activity. It has been suggested that this oxidant stress and peroxidation reactions can be prevented by antioxidant food supplementation like black grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imge B Ergüder
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
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30
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Songur A, Kuş İ, Şahin Ş, Söğüt S, Özen OA, Yaman M, Sarsılmaz M. THE CHANGES OF ZINC, COPPER, AND IRON LEVELS IN LUNG TISSUE AFTER FORMALDEHYDE INHALATION DURING THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD OF RATS. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2005. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/82271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Durak I, Cetin R, Devrim E, Ergüder IB. Effects of black grape extract on activities of DNA turn-over enzymes in cancerous and non cancerous human colon tissues. Life Sci 2005; 76:2995-3000. [PMID: 15820509 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effects of extract of dried whole black grape including seed on adenosine deaminase (ADA), 5' nucleotidase (5'NT) and xanthine oxidase (XO) enzymes were investigated in cancerous and non-cancerous human colon tissues. Enzyme activities were measured in 20 colon tissues, 10 from cancerous region and 10 from non cancerous region with and without pre incubation with black grape extract. ADA and 5'NT activities were found increased and that of the XO decreased in the cancerous tissues relative to non cancerous ones. After incubation period with black grape extract for 12 h, ADA and 5'NT activities were found to be significantly lowered but that of XO unchanged in both cancerous and non cancerous tissues. Results suggest that ADA and 5'NT activities increase but XO activity decreases in cancerous human colon tissues, which may provide advantage to the cancerous tissues in obtaining new nucleotides for rapid DNA synthesis through accelerated salvage pathway activity. Black grape extract makes significant inhibition on the ADA and 5'NT activities of cancerous and non cancerous colon tissues, thereby eliminating this advantage of cancer cells, which might be the basis for the beneficial effect of black grape in some kinds of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Durak
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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32
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Wink MR, Lenz G, Braganhol E, Tamajusuku ASK, Schwartsmann G, Sarkis JJF, Battastini AMO. Altered extracellular ATP, ADP and AMP catabolism in glioma cell lines. Cancer Lett 2003; 198:211-8. [PMID: 12957360 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(03)00308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to characterize the enzymes involved in the purine nucleotide catabolism as indicators of invasiveness and aggressiveness of malignant gliomas, the degradation of extracellular nucleotides by five different glioma cell lines was investigated and compared with primary astrocytes. Rapid hydrolysis of extracellular ATP and ADP by astrocytes was observed, whereas all glioma cell lines examined presented low rates of ATP hydrolysis. In contrast, ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity was increased in glioma cell lines when compared to astrocytes. Considering that ATP is recognized as a mitogenic factor that induces proliferation in human glioma cells, the substantial decrease in ATP and ADP hydrolysis observed in gliomas leads us to suggest that alterations in the ecto-nucleotidases pathway may represent an important mechanism associated with malignant transformation of glioma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R Wink
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Inci E, Civelek S, Seven A, Inci F, Korkut N, Burçax G. Laryngeal cancer: in relation to oxidative stress. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2003; 200:17-23. [PMID: 12862307 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.200.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the oxidative stress parameters in laryngeal cancer and cancer-free adjacent tissues. Lipid peroxidation end product and the endogenous antioxidant components-CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), glutathione reductase (GSSG Rd) and glutathione (GSH)-were analysed by spectrophotometric and kinetic methods. Laryngeal cancer tissue exhibited higher lipid peroxidation than cancer free adjacent tissue. CuZn SOD and GSH Px activities and GSH level were significantly higher and GSSG Rd activity significantly lower in the cancer tissue. Detection of the antioxidant status may be useful to determine the tumour resistance to therapy, to choose the correct radiotherapy/chemotherapy and to monitor the effectiveness of the therapetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ender Inci
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Turkey.
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Güleç M, Akin H, Yüce H H, Ergin E, Elyas H, Yalçin O, Akyol O. Adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities in bladder washing fluid from patients with bladder cancer: a preliminary study. Clin Biochem 2003; 36:193-6. [PMID: 12726927 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(02)00452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activities of adenosine deaminase (AD), and xanthine oxidase (XO) enzymes were measured in bladder washing fluid (BWF) from 37 patients with bladder cancer. The patients were divided into several groups according to their sex; pattern, number, and depth of the tumors; and tumor grade. There was a statistically significant difference in XO activities between the patients having no tumor and papillary tumor (p < 0.002). The differences in XO values between the patients having no tumor and single tumor; and with no tumor and multiple tumors were statistically significant (p < 0.012, p < 0.016 respectively). XO activities were increased in patients with both papillary and multiple tumors compared to tumor-free group. Regarding to the depth of tumors, only the differences in XO values between the patients having no tumor and superficial tumor was statistically significant (p < 0.037). XO values of patients in grade1 were higher than the patients having no tumor (p < 0.010). AD activities in patients with multiple and invasive tumor were increased compared to patients with single and superficial tumor. AD values in grade 3 were lower than grade 2. However, we did not find any statistically significant differences in AD activities in all groups. As a conclusion, increased XO activity in BWF might be a potentially important finding as an additional diagnostic biochemical tool for bladder cancer. But we could not say this for AD activity. Further investigations in a larger cohort of patients with bladder cancer are needed to enlighten the possible diagnostic role of XO and AD in BWF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukaddes Güleç
- Department of Biochemistry, Inonu University Medical School, Malatya, Turkey
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35
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Vondracek M, Weaver DA, Sarang Z, Hedberg JJ, Willey JC, Wärngård L, Grafström RC. Transcript profiling of enzymes involved in detoxification of xenobiotics and reactive oxygen in human normal and simian virus 40 T antigen-immortalized oral keratinocytes. Int J Cancer 2002; 99:776-82. [PMID: 12115477 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic detoxification capacity may critically regulate the susceptibility of human tissues to cancer development. We used standardized and quantitative, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (StaRT-PCR) and microarray chip techniques to analyze transcript levels of multiple detoxification enzymes in cultured normal human oral keratinocytes (NOK) and the Siman virus 40 T antigen-immortalized oral keratinocyte line SVpgC2a, viewing the latter as a model of a benign tumor state. With good agreement between the 2 methodologies, NOK and SVpgC2a were found to express transcripts for cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), factors related to CYP induction and enzymes involved in conjugation reactions or detoxification of reactive oxygen. The cell types expressed similar levels of CYP 2B6/7, CYP 2E1, P450 oxidoreductase, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, sulfotransferase 1A1, sulfotransferase 1A3, epoxide hydrolase, glutathione S-transferase M3, glutathione S-transferase pi and catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione peroxidase 1 and glutathione peroxidase 3. In contrast, SVpgC2a exhibited comparatively higher levels of CYP1A1, 1B1, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, glutathione S-transferase M1, 2, 4, 5, glutathione S-transferase theta 1 and superoxide dismutase 2 and comparatively lower levels of UDP glycosyltransferase 2 and microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1. Some transcripts, e.g., CYP 2A6/7, were not detected by either standard, non quantitative RT-PCR or the above methods, whereas others were barely quantifiable by StaRT-PCR, i.e., were present at 1-10 molecules/10(6) molecules of actin. Overall, the expression analysis demonstrated presence of mRNA for multiple enzymes involved in foreign compound metabolism and detoxification pathways, including several enzymes not previously reported for oral epithelium. Generally, the comparison of NOK from 2 individuals indicated relatively similar transcript levels of these enzymes. In contrast, differences between NOK and SVpgC2a, e.g., for CYP1B1, may reflect alteration caused by immortalization and aid identification of early stage tumor markers in oral epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vondracek
- Experimental Carcinogenesis, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gökbulut I, Köksal N, Akin H, Ozyurt H, Yildirim Z. The activities of purine catabolizing enzymes in plasma and bronchial washing fluid in patients with lung cancer and pneumonia. Clin Biochem 2001; 34:251-4. [PMID: 11408025 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(01)00203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Eroglu A, Canbolat O, Demirci S, Kocaoglu H, Eryavuz Y, Akgül H. Activities of adenosine deaminase and 5'-nucleotidase in cancerous and noncancerous human colorectal tissues. Med Oncol 2000; 17:319-24. [PMID: 11114712 DOI: 10.1007/bf02782198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to characterize human colorectal cancer, much attention has been paid to enzyme studies. However, little is known about the correlation between the levels of key enzymes of purine nucleotide pathway and some clinical and biological indicators of tumor invasiveness and aggressiveness. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) were measured in cancerous and cancer-free adjacent large bowel tissues from 38 patients with colorectal carcinoma. We have analyzed the relationship between the enzyme levels and some clinical and pathological parameters. The enzymes' activities were markedly higher in primary tumors than in corresponding normal mucosae. The ADA level in tumor tissue was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, histologic type, tumor location, and patient's age, whereas the 5'-NT level showed a significant correlation with tumor grade and tumor location. ADA activity in tumor tissues was significantly higher in patients whose clinical course remained stable than in those with recurrent diseases. The purine metabolism and salvage pathway activity of purine nucleotides are accelerated in the cancerous human colorectal tissue. Although our findings suggest that these enzymes' activities are most likely related to the same histomorphological architecture of the tumor, the authors believe that long-term follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic value of purine enzymes for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eroglu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ankara University Medical School, Turkey.
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Abstract
This manuscript will review the probable role of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) in the etiopathogenesis of head and neck cancer (HNC). Cancer is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple etiologies including somatic and germ-line mutations, cellular homeostatic disturbances, and environmental triggers. Certain etiologies are characteristic of HNC and include infectious agents such as the Epstein-Barr virus, the use of tobacco, and consumption of alcohol. A large body of evidence implicates ROM in tumor formation and promotion. ROM species are formed in the process of cellular respiration, specifically during oxidative phosphorylation. These ubiquitous molecules are highly toxic in the cellular environment. Of the many effects of ROM, especially important are their effect on DNA. Specifically, ROM cause a variety of DNA damage, including insertions, point mutations, and deletions. Thus, it is hypothesized that ROM may be critically involved in the etiology of malignant disease through their possible impact on protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Additionally, empirical evidence suggests that ROM may also affect the balance between apoptosis and cellular proliferation. If apoptotic mechanisms are overwhelmed, uncontrolled cellular proliferation may follow, potentially leading to tumor formation. Thus, this manuscript will critically review the evidence that supports the role of ROM in tumorigenesis. ROM scavengers and blockers have shown both in vivo and in vitro effects of attenuating the toxicity of ROM. Such compounds include the antioxidant vitamins (A, C, and E), nutrient trace elements (selenium), enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase), hormones (melatonin), and a host of natural and synthetic compounds (lazaroids, allopurinol, gingko extract). Thus, this paper will also review the possible benefit derived from the use of such scavengers/blockers in the prevention of HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Seidman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, 6777 W. Maple Road, W. Bloomfield, MI 48323, USA
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Seven A, Civelek S, Inci E, Inci F, Korkut N, Burçak G. Evaluation of oxidative stress parameters in blood of patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Clin Biochem 1999; 32:369-73. [PMID: 10480452 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(99)00022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, plasma lipid peroxidation as assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and erythrocyte antioxidant status markers namely CuZn superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and plasma levels of vitamin C and E were investigated in 20 patients with larygneal carcinoma and 15 healthy controls. DESIGN AND METHODS Lipid peroxidation was observed to be significantly higher (0.01 > p > 0.001) in the larynx carcinoma group in comparison to the healthy controls. Both stage I + 11 and stage III carcinoma patients were observed to have significantly higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than the control group. A significant difference was found in plasma vitamin E level between the control group and stage I + 11 and stage III carcinoma patients (p < 0.01, 0.05 > p > 0.02, respectively). RESULTS Our findings reveal the presence of increased lipooxidative damage in laryngeal carcinoma patients, but no change with respect to the endogenous antioxidant components-GSH, GSH Px, and CuZn SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Seven
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
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Biri H, Oztürk HS, Kaçmaz M, Karaca K, Tokuçoğlu H, Durak I. Activities of DNA turnover and free radical metabolizing enzymes in cancerous human prostate tissue. Cancer Invest 1999; 17:314-9. [PMID: 10370358 DOI: 10.3109/07357909909032872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), 5'nucleotidase (5'NT), xanthine oxidase (XO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) and levels of thiobarbituric acid reagent substances (TBARS) were measured in 10 cancerous and 10 noncancerous human prostate tissues. Decreased activities of DNA turnover enzymes (ADA and 5'NT), increased activities of GSH-Px and CAT, and unchanged activities of SOD and XO were observed in cancerous prostate tissues compared with those of noncancerous ones. TBARS levels were found to be higher in cancerous tissues than noncancerous ones. In correlation analysis, mostly positive correlations were established between enzyme activities of the cancerous tissues, whereas no meaningful correlations were found between enzyme activities of the noncancerous tissues except for a positive correlation between XO and SOD. The results indicate that the activities of DNA turnover enzymes were reduced, which was possibly an attempt to lower the rate of purine catabolism, and the activities of GSH-Px and CAT enzymes were increased, probably in response to increased free radical stress occurring in cancerous prostate tissues. Increased concentrations of TBARS suggested oxidant stress and thus accelerated peroxidative reactions in the cancerous tissues, even though antioxidant defense mechanisms were activated. These findings suggest that enzymatic antioxidant systems of cancerous prostate tissues cannot sufficiently eliminate oxidant factors and prevent cellular peroxidative reactions occurring during the carcinogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Biri
- Gazi University, Medical Faculty, Urology Department, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which are products of lipid peroxidation, as a reflection of oxidative status in 30 patients with laryngeal cancer. The TBARS were measured 1 day before surgery and 3 weeks after laryngectomy compared to 30 normal control subjects by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test using spectrophotometry. The TBARS levels were significantly elevated in patients with laryngeal cancer compared to the controls (18.4 +/- 3.13 mumol/l versus 7.75 +/- 1.9 mumol/l; P < 0.05). There were no differences in the TBARS levels in relation to T staging, N staging, or degree of differentiation. Among patients with laryngeal cancer smokers had slightly higher TBARS levels. Comparison of the paired observations of laryngeal cancer larynx before and after operation revealed a significant rise in the TBARS levels after laryngectomy. Tissue damage resulting from surgery is the most probable explanation for this rise. The state of altered lipid peroxidation detected in our patients might be related to a deficient antioxidant status. The role of antioxidants in the prevention of laryngeal cancer among high risk patients is worth studying.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Samir
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yildirim Z, Hasanoglu HC, Akyol O, Gokirmak M, Köksal N. Serum adenosine deaminase activities in lung cancer and mesothelioma. Clin Biochem 1999; 32:283-5. [PMID: 10463821 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(99)00013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Yildirim
- Pulmonary Department, Inönü University, School of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey.
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Abstract
Although the role of adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenylate deaminase (AMP-DA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is well documented in gastric and intestinal carcinoma, their role in inflammatory bowel diseases remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the profile of these enzymes in blood and intestinal tissues during colitis. Colitis induced in Wistar rats by acetic acid was monitored by a marker enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO). The tissue levels of MPO increased on 1, 2, 5 and 6 days post-administration (PA) of acetic acid and declined to the control levels by day 7 PA. In parallel the blood levels of ADA and AMP-DA decreased on days 1, 2 and 5 without any significant change on days 6 and 7 PA. Similar observations were recorded for these enzymes in the cytosolic extracts of colonic tissue specimens. In contrast, PNP remained unaltered in both blood and tissue samples. These findings suggest an inverse-relationship between inflammation and purine deaminases in both blood and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Al-Awadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Safat
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Canbolat O, Fandrey J, Jelkmann W. Effects of modulators of the production and degradation of hydrogen peroxide on erythropoietin synthesis. RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 114:175-83. [PMID: 9865591 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5687(98)00080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) synthesis is suppressed in normoxia and stimulated in hypoxia. To test the hypothesis that the cellular H2O2 level is important in the control of Epo synthesis, we have studied effects of modulators of H2O2 generation and degradation on Epo production in human hepatic cell cultures (hepatoma lines HepG2 and Hep3B). In addition, we measured the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) in cultures following hypoxia exposure or H2O2 treatment. The results show that the formation of immunoreactive Epo was stimulated in normoxic cultures by treatment with exogenous catalase thus mimicking the effect of hypoxia (24 h incubation periods). Epo production was also stimulated when scavengers of reactive O2 species (tetramethylthiourea, dihydrorhodamine) were added to the cells. On the other hand, stimulators of H2O2 generation (xanthine oxidase, glucose oxidase, NADH, NADPH) lowered Epo production in hypoxic cultures. Hypoxia exposure decreased superoxide dismutase activity and H2O2 treatment reduced catalase activity thus influencing the endogenous antioxidant defense system. These findings support the concept that reactive O2 species, primarily H2O2, act as messengers in the O2-dependent control of the hepatic production of Epo. Changes in the cellular activities of antioxidant enzymes appear to play only a minor role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Canbolat
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Luebeck, Germany
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Parkins CS, Holder AL, Dennis MF, Stratford MR, Chaplin DJ. Involvement of oxygen free radicals in ischaemia-reperfusion injury to murine tumours: role of nitric oxide. Free Radic Res 1998; 28:271-81. [PMID: 9688213 DOI: 10.3109/10715769809069279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a model system of oxidative stress and a potential anti-cancer therapy. Tumour cytotoxicity follows oxygen radical damage to the vasculature which is modulated by tumour production of the vasoactive agent, nitric oxide (NO.). In vivo hydroxylation of salicylate, to 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (DHBs), was used to measure the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH.) following temporary vascular occlusion in two murine tumours (with widely differing capacity to produce NO.) and normal skin. Significantly greater OH. generation followed I/R of murine adenocarcinoma CaNT tumours (low NO. production) compared to round cell sarcoma SaS tumours (high NO. production) and normal skin. These data suggest that tumour production of NO. confers resistance to I/R injury, in part by reducing production of oxygen radicals and oxidative stress to the vasculature. Inhibition of NO synthase (NOS), during vascular reperfusion, significantly increased OH. generation in both tumour types, but not skin. This increase in cytotoxicity suggests oxidative injury may be attenuation by tumour production of NO.. Hydroxyl radical generation following I/R injury correlated with vascular damage and response of tumours in vivo, but not skin, which indicates a potential therapeutic benefit from this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Parkins
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Gray Laboratory Cancer Research Trust, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, UK.
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Durak I, Bedük Y, Kavutcu M, Oztürk S, Canbolat O, Ulutepe S. Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in cancerous and non-cancerous human kidney tissues. Int Urol Nephrol 1997; 29:5-11. [PMID: 9203031 DOI: 10.1007/bf02551410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The activities of superoxide dismutases (total, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial) and glutathione peroxidase were measured in 10 cancerous and 10 non-cancerous adjacent human kidney tissues. Total (T-SOD) and cytoplasmic (Cu, Zn-SOD) superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were found lower in cancerous tissues compared with those of non-cancerous ones. However, no difference was found between the mitochondrial (Mn-SOD) superoxide dismutase activities of the tissues. Similarly, no differences were observed between the enzyme activity values of the tissues at stage I-II and III-IV renal cancer. In correlation analysis the positive relation found between Cu, Zn-SOD and GSH-Px enzymes in the non-cancerous tissues was found to be absent in the cancerous ones. The results suggest that enzymatic free radical defense mechanism is significantly reduced in the cancerous human kidney tissues due to depressed Cu, Zn-SOD and GSH-Px activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Durak
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Turkey
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Durak I, Bedük Y, Kavutcu M, Süzer O, Yaman O, Oztürk HS, Canbolat O, Ulutepe S. Activity of the enzymes participating in purine metabolism of cancerous and noncancerous human kidney tissues. Cancer Invest 1997; 15:212-6. [PMID: 9171854 DOI: 10.3109/07357909709039717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, activity of some of the key enzymes participating in purine metabolism was measured in cancerous and noncancerous human kidney tissues from 18 patients with renal cell carcinoma. Twelve cancerous tissues were at stage T1-T2 and 6 tissues were at stage T3-T4. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and guanase (GUA) activity was increased and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity decreased in cancerous tissues compared to noncancerous ones. No difference was, however, found between 5'-Nucleotidase (5'-NT) activity of the tissues. There were also no statistically meaningful differences between the enzyme activities of the cancerous tissues at stage T1-2 and T3-4. Results suggest that the changes observed in the activity of the enzymes participating in purine metabolism result from accelerated DNA turnover in the cancerous tissues and cells, and these changes might provide selective advantage, possibly by causing acceleration of salvage pathway activity, to the cancer cells to grow and develop more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Durak
- Ankara University Medical Faculty, Biochemistry Department, Turkey
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Canbolat O, Durak I, Cetin R, Kavutcu M, Demirci S, Oztürk S. Activities of adenosine deaminase, 5'-nucleotidase, guanase, and cytidine deaminase enzymes in cancerous and non-cancerous human breast tissues. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1996; 37:189-93. [PMID: 8750586 DOI: 10.1007/bf01806500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We measured activities of some DNA turnover enzymes in 9 breast tissues with stage II cancer, 6 breast tissues with stage IIIa cancer, and 9 non-cancerous adjacent breast tissues from the same patients with stage II cancer. We found higher Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) and 5'-Nucleotidase (5'NT) and lower Guanase (GUA) activities in the cancerous tissues compared with the non-cancerous ones. No meaningful differences were however found between Cytidine Deaminase (CD) activities. Regarding the correlation analysis, positive correlations were established between ADA and 5'NT activities of the cancerous tissues (r = 0.45 for the tissues with stage II and r = 0.60 for the tissues with stage IIIa cancer). No meaningful correlations were however found between other enzyme activities. Relating to activity ratios, no meaningful differences were found between ADA/5'NT values in the tissues. GUA/CD ratios were however lower and the other ratios higher in the cancerous tissues. Results indicated that ADA and 5'NT activities increased and GUA activity decreased in the cancerous breast tissues but CD activities did not change in the tissues affected. It has been suggested that increased ADA and 5'NT together with decreased GUA activities might be a physiologic attempt of the cancer cells to provide more substrates needed by cancer cells to accelerate the salvage pathway activity. Furthermore, high ADA activity might also play part in the detoxication process of high amounts of toxic adenosine and deoxyadenosine substrates produced from accelerated purine metabolism in the cancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Canbolat
- Biochemistry Department, Ankara University, Ankara University, Turkey
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Durak I, Bayram F, Kavutcu M, Canbolat O, Oztürk HS. Impaired enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanism in cancerous human thyroid tissues. J Endocrinol Invest 1996; 19:312-5. [PMID: 8796340 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) enzymes were measured in cancerous and non-cancerous adjacent tissues from 15 patients with follicular thyroid cancer containing single nodule. SOD and GSH-Px activities were found lower but malondialdehyde levels higher in cancerous tissues compared with those of noncancerous ones. However, no difference was found between CAT activities of the tissues. Activity decrease of GSH-Px enzyme in cancerous tissue was greater than that of SOD enzyme. Results suggested that enzymatic free radical defense system was significantly impaired and lipid peroxidation increased in the cancerous human thyroid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Durak
- Ankara University Medical Faculty, Biochemistry Department, Türkiye
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