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Yin Y, Yang Z, Sun Y, Yang Y, Zhang X, Zhao X, Tian W, Qiu Y, Yin Y, You F, Lu D. RNA-binding protein PTENα blocks RIG-I activation to prevent viral inflammation. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01621-5. [PMID: 38773328 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
A timely inflammatory response is crucial for early viral defense, but uncontrolled inflammation harms the host. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) has a pivotal role in detecting RNA viruses, yet the regulatory mechanisms governing its sensitivity remain elusive. Here we identify PTENα, an N-terminally extended form of PTEN, as an RNA-binding protein with a preference for the CAUC(G/U)UCAU motif. Using both in vivo and in vitro viral infection assays, we demonstrated that PTENα restricted the host innate immune response, relying on its RNA-binding capacity and phosphatase activity. Mechanistically, PTENα directly bound to viral RNA and enzymatically converted its 5'-triphosphate to 5'-monophosphate, thereby reducing RIG-I sensitivity. Physiologically, brain-intrinsic PTENα exerted protective effects against viral inflammation, while peripheral PTENα restricted host antiviral immunity and, to some extent, promoted viral replication. Collectively, our findings underscore the significance of PTENα in modulating viral RNA- and RIG-I-mediated immune recognition, offering potential therapeutic implications for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zeliang Yang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yizhe Sun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenyu Tian
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yaruo Qiu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Dan Lu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China.
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Shedroff E, Martin ML, Whitmer SLM, Brignone J, Garcia JB, Sen C, Nazar Y, Fabbri C, Morales-Betoulle M, Mendez J, Montgomery J, Morales MA, Klena JD. Novel Oliveros-like Clade C Mammarenaviruses from Rodents in Argentina, 1990-2020. Viruses 2024; 16:340. [PMID: 38543706 PMCID: PMC10976098 DOI: 10.3390/v16030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Following an Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF) outbreak in the early 1990s, a rodent survey for Junín virus, a New World Clade B arenavirus, in endemic areas of Argentina was conducted. Since 1990, INEVH has been developing eco-epidemiological surveillance of rodents, inside and outside the Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever endemic area. Samples from rodents captured between 1993 and 2019 that were positive for Arenavirus infection underwent Sanger and unbiased, Illumina-based high-throughput sequencing, which yielded 5 complete and 88 partial Mammarenaviruses genomes. Previously, 11 genomes representing four species of New World arenavirus Clade C existed in public records. This work has generated 13 novel genomes, expanding the New World arenavirus Clade C to 24 total genomes. Additionally, two genomes exhibit sufficient genetic diversity to be considered a new species, as per ICTV guidelines (proposed name Mammarenavirus vellosense). The 13 novel genomes exhibited reassortment between the small and large segments in New World Mammarenaviruses. This work demonstrates that Clade C Mammarenavirus infections circulate broadly among Necromys species in the Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever endemic area; however, the risk for Clade C Mammarenavirus human infection is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Shedroff
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.S.); (S.L.M.W.); (M.M.-B.); (J.M.)
| | - Maria Laura Martin
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Shannon L. M. Whitmer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.S.); (S.L.M.W.); (M.M.-B.); (J.M.)
| | - Julia Brignone
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Jorge B. Garcia
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Carina Sen
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Yael Nazar
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Cintia Fabbri
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Maria Morales-Betoulle
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.S.); (S.L.M.W.); (M.M.-B.); (J.M.)
| | - Jairo Mendez
- Pan American Health Organization, 525 23rd St. New World, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
| | - Joel Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.S.); (S.L.M.W.); (M.M.-B.); (J.M.)
| | - Maria Alejandra Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - John D. Klena
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.S.); (S.L.M.W.); (M.M.-B.); (J.M.)
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Pankovics P, Nagy A, Nyul Z, Juhász A, Takáts K, Boros Á, Reuter G. Human cases of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infections in Hungary. Arch Virol 2023; 168:275. [PMID: 37853289 PMCID: PMC10584706 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) is a "neglected" rodent-borne viral zoonotic disease caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) (family Arenaviridae). The aim of this retrospective clinical and laboratory study was to detect LCMV RNA, using RT-PCR, in cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from patients with central nervous system (CNS) infections of unknown aetiology from over a 12-year period in Hungary. Between 2009 and 2020, a total of 74 cerebrospinal fluid samples were tested using an in-house LCMV-specific RT-PCR-based method at the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pécs. The mean age of the 74 patients included in our study was 24 years (min. 5, max. 74), with a predominance of men (44 [59.5%]; women, 30 [40.5%]). Two (2.7%) cerebrospinal fluid samples were found to be positive for LCMV RNA by RT-PCR and sequencing. The first LCMV case was a 5-year-old preschool boy who had a hamster bite on his left-hand finger, and the second LCMV case was a 74-year-old man who was living in a village and had incipient dementia and a previous permanent functional CNS impairment. The two detected LCMV strains (MW558451 and OM648933) from the year 2020 belonged to two different genetic lineages (I and II). These two cases of CNS inflammation of unknown origin represent the first published human LCMV infections confirmed by molecular methods in Hungary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pankovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Arnold Nagy
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nyul
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Annamária Juhász
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Károly Takáts
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Ákos Boros
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Gábor Reuter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Shi X, Liu X, Sun Y. The Pathogenesis of Cytomegalovirus and Other Viruses Associated with Hearing Loss: Recent Updates. Viruses 2023; 15:1385. [PMID: 37376684 DOI: 10.3390/v15061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus infection is one of the most common etiologies of hearing loss. Hearing loss associated with viral infection can be unilateral or bilateral, mild or severe, sudden or progressive, and permanent or recoverable. Many viruses cause hearing loss in adults and children; however, the pathogenesis of hearing loss caused by viral infection is not fully understood. This review describes cytomegalovirus, the most common virus causing hearing loss, and other reported hearing loss-related viruses. We hope to provide a detailed description of pathogenic characteristics and research progress on pathology, hearing phenotypes, possible associated mechanisms, treatment, and prevention measures. This review aims to provide diagnostic and treatment assistance to clinical workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaozhou Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Varela K, Brown JA, Lipton B, Dunn J, Stanek D, Behravesh CB, Chapman H, Conger TH, Vanover T, Edling T, Holzbauer S, Lennox AM, Lindquist S, Loerzel S, Mehlenbacher S, Mitchell M, Murphy M, Olsen CW, Yager CM. A Review of Zoonotic Disease Threats to Pet Owners: A Compendium of Measures to Prevent Zoonotic Diseases Associated with Non-Traditional Pets: Rodents and Other Small Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians, Backyard Poultry, and Other Selected Animals. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2022; 22:303-360. [PMID: 35724316 PMCID: PMC9248330 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Varela
- One Health Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Brown
- National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians
- Indiana Department of Health
| | - Beth Lipton
- National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians
- Seattle & King County Public Health
| | - John Dunn
- National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians
- Tennessee Department of Health
| | - Danielle Stanek
- National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians
- Florida Department of Health
| | | | - Helena Chapman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine
- American Association for the Advancement of Science at NASA Applied Sciences
| | - Terry H. Conger
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal (USDA) and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Veterinary Services
| | | | | | - Stacy Holzbauer
- Minnesota Department of Health
- CDC Preparedness and Response Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Mitchell
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinical Sciences
| | - Michael Murphy
- Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine
| | - Christopher W. Olsen
- AVMA Council on Public Health
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine
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Vilibic-Cavlek T, Savic V, Ferenc T, Mrzljak A, Barbic L, Bogdanic M, Stevanovic V, Tabain I, Ferencak I, Zidovec-Lepej S. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis-Emerging Trends of a Neglected Virus: A Narrative Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6020088. [PMID: 34070581 PMCID: PMC8163193 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected rodent-borne zoonotic virus distributed worldwide. Since serologic assays are limited to several laboratories, the disease has been underreported, often making it difficult to determine incidence and seroprevalence rates. Although human clinical cases are rarely recorded, LCMV remains an important cause of meningitis in humans. In addition, a fatal donor-derived LCMV infection in several clusters of solid organ transplant recipients further highlighted a pathogenic potential and clinical significance of this virus. In the transplant populations, abnormalities of the central nervous system were also found, but were overshadowed by the systemic illness resembling the Lassa hemorrhagic fever. LCMV is also an emerging fetal teratogen. Hydrocephalus, periventricular calcifications and chorioretinitis are the predominant characteristics of congenital LCMV infection, occurring in 87.5% of cases. Mortality in congenitally infected children is about 35%, while 70% of them show long-term neurologic sequelae. Clinicians should be aware of the risks posed by LCMV and should consider the virus in the differential diagnosis of aseptic meningitis, especially in patients who reported contact with rodents. Furthermore, LCMV should be considered in infants and children with unexplained hydrocephalus, intracerebral calcifications and chorioretinitis. Despite intensive interdisciplinary research efforts, efficient antiviral therapy for LCMV infection is still not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (I.T.); (I.F.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4863-238
| | - Vladimir Savic
- Laboratory for Virology and Serology, Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Thomas Ferenc
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljubo Barbic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Maja Bogdanic
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (I.T.); (I.F.)
| | - Vladimir Stevanovic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Irena Tabain
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (I.T.); (I.F.)
| | - Ivana Ferencak
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (I.T.); (I.F.)
| | - Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr Fran Mihaljevic”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection in Continental Croatian Regions. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6020067. [PMID: 33947040 PMCID: PMC8167717 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected human pathogen associated with aseptic meningitis, severe systemic infections in immunocompromised persons, and congenital anomalies. Data on the prevalence of LCMV infections are scarce. We analyzed the seroprevalence of LCMV in continental Croatian regions. A total of 338 serum samples of professionally exposed (forestry workers, hunters, agriculture workers in contact with rodents) and non-exposed populations (general population, pregnant women) were tested for the presence of LCMV antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence assay. No participants reported recent febrile disease. LCMV IgG antibodies were detected in 23/6.8% of participants: 9.8% exposed persons and 5.1% non-exposed persons (6.1% in the general population and 3.9% in pregnant women). No participants were LCMV IgM positive. Although higher seropositivity was found in males compared to females (8.9% vs. 4.7%), inhabitants of suburban/rural areas compared to inhabitants of urban areas (9.2% vs. 4.6%), and persons who used well as a source of water compared to those who used tap (11.4% vs. 5.6%), these differences did not reach statistical significance. Results of logistic regression showed that the presence of rodents in the house/yard and cleaning rodent nests were associated with an elevated risk for LCMV infection (OR = 2.962, 95% CI = 1.019-8.607).
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E3 Ligase ITCH Interacts with the Z Matrix Protein of Lassa and Mopeia Viruses and Is Required for the Release of Infectious Particles. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010049. [PMID: 31906112 PMCID: PMC7019300 DOI: 10.3390/v12010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) and Mopeia virus (MOPV) are two closely related, rodent-born mammarenaviruses. LASV is the causative agent of Lassa fever, a deadly hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa, whereas MOPV is non-pathogenic in humans. The Z matrix protein of arenaviruses is essential to virus assembly and budding by recruiting host factors, a mechanism that remains partially defined. To better characterize the interactions involved, a yeast two-hybrid screen was conducted using the Z proteins from LASV and MOPV as a bait. The cellular proteins ITCH and WWP1, two members of the Nedd4 family of HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases, were found to bind the Z proteins of LASV, MOPV and other arenaviruses. The PPxY late-domain motif of the Z proteins is required for the interaction with ITCH, although the E3 ubiquitin-ligase activity of ITCH is not involved in Z ubiquitination. The silencing of ITCH was shown to affect the replication of the old-world mammarenaviruses LASV, MOPV, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and to a lesser extent Lujo virus (LUJV). More precisely, ITCH was involved in the egress of virus-like particles and the release of infectious progeny viruses. Thus, ITCH constitutes a novel interactor of LASV and MOPV Z proteins that is involved in virus assembly and release.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach (including the use of novel diagnostic platforms), and treatment of select infectious and noninfectious etiologies of chronic meningitis. RECENT FINDINGS Identification of the etiology of chronic meningitis remains challenging, with no cause identified in at least one-third of cases. Often, several serologic, CSF, and neuroimaging studies are indicated, although novel diagnostic platforms including metagenomic deep sequencing may hold promise for identifying organisms. Infectious etiologies are more common in those at risk for disseminated disease, specifically those who are immunocompromised because of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), transplantation, or immunosuppressant medications. An important step in identifying the etiology of chronic meningitis is assembling a multidisciplinary team of individuals, including those with specialized expertise in ophthalmology, dermatology, rheumatology, and infectious diseases, to provide guidance regarding diagnostic procedures. SUMMARY Chronic meningitis is defined as inflammation involving the meninges that lasts at least 4 weeks and is associated with a CSF pleocytosis. Chronic meningitis has numerous possible infectious and noninfectious etiologies, making it challenging to definitively diagnose patients. Therefore, a multifaceted approach that combines history, physical examination, neuroimaging, and laboratory analysis, including novel diagnostic platforms, is needed. This article focuses on key aspects of the evaluation of and approach to patients with chronic meningitis. Specific infectious etiologies and differential diagnoses of subacute and chronic meningitis, including noninfectious etiologies, are addressed.
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Brisse ME, Ly H. Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Arenaviruses: Lethal Pathogens and Potent Immune Suppressors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:372. [PMID: 30918506 PMCID: PMC6424867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fevers (HF) resulting from pathogenic arenaviral infections have traditionally been neglected as tropical diseases primarily affecting African and South American regions. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines for arenaviruses, and treatments have been limited to supportive therapy and use of non-specific nucleoside analogs, such as Ribavirin. Outbreaks of arenaviral infections have been limited to certain geographic areas that are endemic but known cases of exportation of arenaviruses from endemic regions and socioeconomic challenges for local control of rodent reservoirs raise serious concerns about the potential for larger outbreaks in the future. This review synthesizes current knowledge about arenaviral evolution, ecology, transmission patterns, life cycle, modulation of host immunity, disease pathogenesis, as well as discusses recent development of preventative and therapeutic pursuits against this group of deadly viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Brisse
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this prospective study is to investigate the central nervous system involvement in Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with clinical and laboratory findings. METHODS Between July 2015 and August 2016, 36 patients with CCHF were undergone brain MRI including SWI. Two MRIs, one at the time of admission and the second in the convalescent period, were performed for each patient in order to see if there is any sign of central nervous system (CNS) involvement, especially in terms of intracranial haemorrhage or viral encephalitis. Clinical severity scoring was also done and laboratory findings were noted in order to correlate with clinical and imaging findings. RESULTS None of the 36 patients showed any MRI findings of an acute intracranial event during the course of the disease. There was a significant difference between mild cases and moderate cases in terms of some laboratory parameters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although CCHF is a highly lethal disease which involves multiple organs and systems, CNS involvement seems to be extremely rare in mild and moderate cases. KEY POINTS • MRI is the imaging method of choice to diagnose microbleeds and encephalitis • Although CCHF causes multisystem bleeding, intracranial haemorrhage seems to be very rare • CNS complications are uncommon, even in the setting of suggestive symptoms • Death usually results from extracranial bleeding and multiorgan failure • Severity scoring is associated with some laboratory abnormalities in CCHF.
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Spengler JR, Kelly Keating M, McElroy AK, Zivcec M, Coleman-McCray JD, Harmon JR, Bollweg BC, Goldsmith CS, Bergeron É, Keck JG, Zaki SR, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Humanized Mice Reveals Glial Cells as Primary Targets of Neurological Infection. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:1386-1397. [PMID: 28482001 PMCID: PMC5853341 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic disease seen exclusively in humans. Central nervous system (CNS) infection and neurological involvement have also been reported in CCHF. In the current study, we inoculated NSG-SGM3 mice engrafted with human hematopoietic CD34+ stem cells with low-passage CCHF virus strains isolated from human patients. In humanized mice, lethal disease develops, characterized by histopathological change in the liver and brain. To date, targets of neurological infection and disease have not been investigated in CCHF. CNS disease in humanized mice was characterized by gliosis, meningitis, and meningoencephalitis, and glial cells were identified as principal targets of infection. Humanized mice represent a novel lethal model for studies of CCHF countermeasures, and CCHF-associated CNS disease. Our data suggest a role for astrocyte dysfunction in neurological disease and identify key regions of infection in the CNS for future investigations of CCHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M Kelly Keating
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anita K McElroy
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marko Zivcec
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - JoAnn D Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica R Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brigid C Bollweg
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cynthia S Goldsmith
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James G Keck
- In Vivo Services, The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, California
| | - Sherif R Zaki
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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13
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Mentis AFA, Dardiotis E, Grigoriadis N, Petinaki E, Hadjigeorgiou GM. Viruses and endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis: From correlation to causation. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 136:606-616. [PMID: 28542724 PMCID: PMC7159535 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease with an environmental component. According to a long-standing but unproven hypothesis dating to initial descriptions of multiple sclerosis (MS) at the end of the 19th century, viruses are either directly or indirectly implicated in MS pathogenesis. Whether viruses in MS are principally causal or simply contributory remains to be proven, but many viruses or viral elements-predominantly Epstein-Barr virus, human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) but also less common viruses such as Saffold and measles viruses-are associated with MS. Here, we present an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the main candidate viruses implicated in MS pathogenesis and summarize how these viruses might cause or lead to the hallmark demyelinating and inflammatory lesions of MS. We review data from epidemiological, animal and in vitro studies and in doing so offer a transdisciplinary approach to the topic. We argue that it is crucially important not to interpret "absence of evidence" as "evidence of absence" and that future studies need to focus on distinguishing correlative from causative associations. Progress in the MS-virus field is expected to arise from an increasing body of knowledge on the interplay between viruses and HERVs in MS. Such interactions suggest common HERV-mediated pathways downstream of viral infection that cause both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. We also comment on the limitations of existing studies and provide future research directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.-F. A. Mentis
- Department of Microbiology; University Hospital of Larissa; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
- The Johns Hopkins University, AAP; Baltimore MD USA
| | - E. Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Larissa; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
| | - N. Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology; B’ Department of Neurology; AHEPA University Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - E. Petinaki
- Department of Microbiology; University Hospital of Larissa; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
| | - G. M. Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Larissa; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
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14
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[First evidence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (Arenavirus) infection in Mus musculus rodents captured in the urban area of the municipality of Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia]. BIOMEDICA 2017; 37:75-85. [PMID: 28527269 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v37i2.3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is an Old World arenavirus that infects Mus musculus, and can cause congenital hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis and multisystemic failure in transplant human recipients. Although the disease has not been clinically diagnosed in Colombia yet, there have been reports of infection with the Pichindé virus in rodents from Cauca and Valle del Cauca departments, and with the Guanarito virus in rodents from Córdoba department. OBJECTIVE To identify the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus from Mus musculus captured in the municipality of Sincelejo. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 80 samples of plasma by ELISA using antigen from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Additionally, a nested RT-PCR was performed to seropositive and seronegative samples for the S-segment. RESULTS We found a 10% seroprevalence (8/80) and the viral genome was detected in 16 brain samples; the alignment (BLAST) and the phylogenetic analysis (MrBayes, version 3.2.2) confirmed the presence of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. CONCLUSION The results indicated that human infection with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in humans could occur in the urban area of Sincelejo, although no cases have been reported so far.
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15
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Simulundu E, Mweene AS, Changula K, Monze M, Chizema E, Mwaba P, Takada A, Ippolito G, Kasolo F, Zumla A, Bates M. Lujo viral hemorrhagic fever: considering diagnostic capacity and preparedness in the wake of recent Ebola and Zika virus outbreaks. Rev Med Virol 2016; 26:446-454. [PMID: 27593704 PMCID: PMC7169100 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lujo virus is a novel Old World arenavirus identified in Southern Africa in 2008 as the cause of a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) characterized by nosocomial transmission with a high case fatality rate of 80% (4/5 cases). Whereas this outbreak was limited, the unprecedented Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa, and recent Zika virus disease epidemic in the Americas, has brought into acute focus the need for preparedness to respond to rare but potentially highly pathogenic outbreaks of zoonotic or arthropod‐borne viral infections. A key determinant for effective control of a VHF outbreak is the time between primary infection and diagnosis of the index case. Here, we review the Lujo VHF outbreak of 2008 and discuss how preparatory measures with respect to developing diagnostic capacity might be effectively embedded into existing national disease control networks, such as those for human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, and malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mwaka Monze
- University Teaching Hospital & National Virology Reference Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Guiseppe Ippolito
- Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis Kasolo
- World Health Organization, WHO Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK.,University of Zambia - University College London Research & Training Programme (www.unza-uclms.org), University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Matthew Bates
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK.,University of Zambia - University College London Research & Training Programme (www.unza-uclms.org), University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.,HerpeZ (www.herpez.org), University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
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