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Wang M, Caryotakis SE, Smith GG, Nguyen AV, Pleasure DE, Soulika AM. CSF1R antagonism results in increased supraspinal infiltration in EAE. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:103. [PMID: 38643194 PMCID: PMC11031888 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling is crucial for the maintenance and function of various myeloid subsets. CSF1R antagonism was previously shown to mitigate clinical severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The associated mechanisms are still not well delineated. METHODS To assess the effect of CSF1R signaling, we employed the CSF1R antagonist PLX5622 formulated in chow (PLX5622 diet, PD) and its control chow (control diet, CD). We examined the effect of PD in steady state and EAE by analyzing cells isolated from peripheral immune organs and from the CNS via flow cytometry. We determined CNS infiltration sites and assessed the extent of demyelination using immunohistochemistry of cerebella and spinal cords. Transcripts of genes associated with neuroinflammation were also analyzed in these tissues. RESULTS In addition to microglial depletion, PD treatment reduced dendritic cells and macrophages in peripheral immune organs, both during steady state and during EAE. Furthermore, CSF1R antagonism modulated numbers and relative frequencies of T effector cells both in the periphery and in the CNS during the early stages of the disease. Classical neurological symptoms were milder in PD compared to CD mice. Interestingly, a subset of PD mice developed atypical EAE symptoms. Unlike previous studies, we observed that the CNS of PD mice was infiltrated by increased numbers of peripheral immune cells compared to that of CD mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CNS infiltrates in PD mice were mainly localized in the cerebellum while in CD mice infiltrates were primarily localized in the spinal cords during the onset of neurological deficits. Accordingly, during the same timepoint, cerebella of PD but not of CD mice had extensive demyelinating lesions, while spinal cords of CD but not of PD mice were heavily demyelinated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CSF1R activity modulates the cellular composition of immune cells both in the periphery and within the CNS, and affects lesion localization during the early EAE stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Wang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sofia E Caryotakis
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Glendalyn G Smith
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alan V Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Sutro Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David E Pleasure
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Athena M Soulika
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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2
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Huang L, Thiex NW, Lou J, Ahmad G, An W, Low-Nam ST, Kerkvliet JG, Band H, Hoppe AD. The ubiquitin ligases Cbl and Cbl-b regulate macrophage growth by controlling CSF-1R import into macropinosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar38. [PMID: 38170572 PMCID: PMC10916879 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-09-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitination of transmembrane receptors regulates endocytosis, intracellular traffic, and signal transduction. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from myeloid Cbl-/- and Cbl-b-/- double knockout (DKO) mice display sustained proliferation mirroring the myeloproliferative disease that these mice succumb to. Here, we found that the ubiquitin ligases Cbl and Cbl-b have overlapping functions for controlling the endocytosis and intracellular traffic of the CSF-1R. DKO macrophages displayed complete loss of ubiquitination of the CSF-1R whereas partial ubiquitination was observed for either single Cbl-/- or Cbl-b-/- macrophages. Unlike wild type, DKO macrophages were immortal and displayed slower CSF-1R internalization, elevated AKT signaling, and a failure to transport the CSF-1R into the lumen of nascent macropinosomes, leaving its cytoplasmic region available for signaling. CSF-1R degradation depended upon lysosomal vATPase activity in both WT and DKO macrophages, with this degradation confined to macropinosomes in WT but occurring in distributed/tubular lysosomes in DKO cells. RNA-sequencing comparison of Cbl-/-, Cbl-b-/- and DKO macrophages indicated that while the overall macrophage transcriptional program remained intact, DKO macrophages had alterations in gene expression associated with growth factor signaling, cell cycle, inflammation and senescence. Cbl-b-/- had minimal effect on the transcriptional program whereas Cbl-/- led to more alternations but only DKO macrophages demonstrated substantial changes in the transcriptome, suggesting overlapping but unique functions for the two Cbl-family members. Thus, Cbl/Cbl-b-mediated ubiquitination of CSF-1R regulates its endocytic fate, constrains inflammatory gene expression, and regulates signaling for macrophage proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Natalie W. Thiex
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Jieqiong Lou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Gulzar Ahmad
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Shalini T. Low-Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Jason G. Kerkvliet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Adam D. Hoppe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007
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3
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Adhikari A, Chauhan K, Adhikari M, Tiwari AK. Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor: An emerging target for neuroinflammation PET imaging and AD therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 100:117628. [PMID: 38330850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Although neuroinflammation is a significant pathogenic feature of many neurologic disorders, its precise function in-vivo is still not completely known. PET imaging enables the longitudinal examination, quantification, and tracking of different neuroinflammation biomarkers in living subjects. Particularly, PET imaging of Microglia, specialised dynamic immune cells crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis in central nervous system (CNS), is crucial for staging the neuroinflammation. Colony Stimulating Factor- 1 Receptor (CSF-1R) PET imaging is a novel method for the quantification of neuroinflammation. CSF-1R is mainly expressed on microglia, and neurodegenerative disorders greatly up-regulate its expression. The present review primarily focuses on the development, pros and cons of all the CSF-1R PET tracers reported for neuroinflammation imaging. Apart from neuroinflammation imaging, CSF-1R inhibitors are also reported for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a prevalent, advancing, and fatal neurodegenerative condition that have the characteristic feature of persistent neuroinflammation and primarily affects the elderly. The aetiology of AD is profoundly influenced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and microglial dysfunction. Increasing evidence suggests that CSF-1R inhibitors (CSF-1Ri) can be helpful in preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases. This review article also summarises the most recent developments of CSF-1Ri-based therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Kanchan Chauhan
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Anjani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb, Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Dai S, Cao T, Shen H, Zong X, Gu W, Li H, Wei L, Huang H, Yu Y, Chen Y, Ye W, Hua F, Fan H, Shen Z. Landscape of molecular crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiovascular diseases: emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and immune-inflammation. J Transl Med 2023; 21:915. [PMID: 38104081 PMCID: PMC10725609 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen of COVID-19, is a worldwide threat to human health and causes a long-term burden on the cardiovascular system. Individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases are at higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and tend to have a worse prognosis. However, the relevance and pathogenic mechanisms between COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases are not yet completely comprehended. METHODS Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in datasets of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 and myocardial tissues from heart failure patients. Further GO and KEGG pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, hub genes identification, immune microenvironment analysis, and drug candidate predication were performed. Then, an isoproterenol-stimulated myocardial hypertrophy cell model and a transverse aortic constriction-induced mouse heart failure model were employed to validate the expression of hub genes. RESULTS A total of 315 up-regulated and 78 down-regulated common DEGs were identified. Functional enrichment analysis revealed mitochondrial metabolic disorders and extensive immune inflammation as the most prominent shared features of COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases. Then, hub DEGs, as well as hub immune-related and mitochondria-related DEGs, were screened. Additionally, nine potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19-related cardiovascular diseases were proposed. Furthermore, the expression patterns of most of the hub genes related to cardiovascular diseases in the validation dataset along with cellular and mouse myocardial damage models, were consistent with the findings of bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSIONS The study unveiled the molecular networks and signaling pathways connecting COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases, which may provide novel targets for intervention of COVID-19-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xuejing Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wenyu Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haoyue Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yunsheng Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yihuan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wenxue Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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5
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Waddell LA, Wu Z, Sauter KA, Hope JC, Hume DA. A novel monoclonal antibody against porcine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) detects expression on the cell surface of macrophages. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 266:110681. [PMID: 37992576 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) controls the proliferation and differentiation of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system through binding to the receptor CSF1R. The expression and function of CSF1 has been well-studied in rodents and humans, but knowledge is lacking in other veterinary species. The development of a novel mouse anti-porcine CSF1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) facilitates the characterisation of this growth factor in pigs. Cell surface expression of CSF1 was confirmed on differentiated macrophage populations derived from blood and bone marrow monocytes, and on lung resident macrophages, the first species for this to be confirmed. However, monocytes isolated from blood and bone marrow lacked CSF1 expression. This species-specific mAb delivers the opportunity to further understanding of porcine myeloid cell biology. This is not only vital for the role of pigs as a model for human health, but also as a veterinary species of significant economic and agricultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Waddell
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Kristin A Sauter
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Jayne C Hope
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4104, Australia
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6
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Zhou L, Lian H, Yin Y, Zheng YS, Han YX, Liu GQ, Wang ZY. New insights into muscularis macrophages in the gut: from their origin to therapeutic targeting. Immunol Res 2023; 71:785-799. [PMID: 37219708 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Muscularis macrophages, as the most abundant immune cells in the intestinal muscularis externa, exhibit tissue protective phenotype in the steady state. Owing to tremendous advances in technology, we now know the fact that muscularis macrophages are a heterogeneous population of cells which could be divided into different functional subsets depending on their anatomic niches. There is emerging evidence showing that these subsets, through molecular interactions with their neighbours, take part in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the gut. In this review, we summarize recent progress (particularly over the past 4 years) on distribution, morphology, origin and functions of muscularis macrophages and, where possible, the characteristics of specific subsets in response to the microenvironment they occupy, with particular emphasis on their role in muscular inflammation. Furthermore, we also integrate their role in inflammation-related gastrointestinal disorders, such as post-operative ileus and diabetic gastroparesis, in order to propose future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hui Lian
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yu-Xin Han
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gao-Qi Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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7
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Jain S, Oltman S, Rogers E, Ryckman K, Petersen M, Baer RJ, Rand L, Piao X, Jelliffe-Pawlowski L. Assessing for prenatal risk factors associated with infant neurologic morbidity using a multivariate analysis. J Perinatol 2023; 43:1486-1493. [PMID: 37950045 PMCID: PMC10716040 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the biochemical and demographic profiles of pregnant people with maternal immune activation (MIA) and identify the prenatal characteristics associated with neurologic morbidity in offspring. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of 602 mother-infant dyads with births between 2009 and 2010 in California. Multivariable logistic regression was used to build a MIA vulnerability profile including mid-pregnancy biochemical markers and maternal demographic characteristics, and its relationship with infant neurologic morbidity was examined. RESULTS Of the 602 mother-infant dyads, 80 mothers and 61 infants had diagnoses suggestive of MIA and neurologic morbidity, respectively. Our model, including two demographic and seven biochemical characteristics, identified mothers with MIA with good performance (AUC:0.814; 95% CI:0.7-0.8). Three demographic and five inflammatory markers together identified 80% of infants with neurological morbidity (AUC:0.802, 95% CI:0.7-0.8). CONCLUSION Inflammatory environment in mothers with pre-existing risk factors like obesity, poverty, and prematurity renders offspring more susceptible to neurologic morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samhita Jain
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Scott Oltman
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rogers
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kelli Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Mark Petersen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Baer
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Larry Rand
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xianhua Piao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Chitu V, Biundo F, Oppong-Asare J, Gökhan Ş, Aguilan JT, Dulski J, Wszolek ZK, Sidoli S, Stanley ER. Prophylactic effect of chronic immunosuppression in a mouse model of CSF-1 receptor-related leukoencephalopathy. Glia 2023; 71:2664-2678. [PMID: 37519044 PMCID: PMC10529087 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Mutations leading to colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) loss-of-function or haploinsufficiency cause CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy (CRL), an adult-onset disease characterized by loss of myelin and neurodegeneration, for which there is no effective therapy. Symptom onset usually occurs in the fourth decade of life and the penetrance of disease in carriers is high. However, familial studies have identified a few carriers of pathogenic CSF1R mutations that remain asymptomatic even in their seventh decade of life, raising the possibility that the development and severity of disease might be influenced by environmental factors. Here we report new cases in which long-term glucocorticoid treatment is associated with asymptomatic status in elder carriers of pathogenic CSF-1R mutations. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the link between chronic immunosuppression initiated pre-symptomatically and resistance to the development of symptomatic CRL, in the Csf1r+/- mouse model. We show that chronic prednisone administration prevents the development of memory, motor coordination and social interaction deficits, as well as the demyelination, neurodegeneration and microgliosis associated with these deficits. These findings are in agreement with the preliminary clinical observations and support the concept that pre-symptomatic immunosuppression is protective in patients carrying pathogenic CSF1R variants associated with CRL. Proteomic analysis of microglia and oligodendrocytes indicates that prednisone suppresses processes involved in microglial activation and alleviates senescence and improves fitness of oligodendrocytes. This analysis also identifies new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jude Oppong-Asare
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Şölen Gökhan
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jennifer T. Aguilan
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Dulski
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Neurology Department, St Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL Ltd., Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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9
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Lai Y, Guo Y, Liao C, Mao C, Liu J, Ren C, Yang W, Luo L, Chen W. Osteoclast differentiation and dynamic mRNA expression during mice embryonic palatal bone development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15170. [PMID: 37704707 PMCID: PMC10499879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the process of osteoclast (OCL) differentiation, its potential functions, and the associated mRNA and signalling pathways in embryonic palatal bone. Our findings suggest that OCLs are involved in bone remodelling, bone marrow cavity formation, and blood vessel formation in embryonic palatal bone. We observed TRAP-positive OCLs at embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5), E17.5, and E18.5 at the palatal process of the palate (PPP) and posterior and anterior parts of the palatal process of the maxilla (PPMXP and PPMXA, respectively), with OCL differentiation starting 2 days prior to TRAP positivity. By comparing the key periods of OCL differentiation between PPMX and PPP (E14.5, E15.5, and E16.5) using RNA-seq data of the palates, we found that the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signalling pathways were sequentially enriched, which may play critical roles in OCL survival and differentiation. Csf1r, Tnfrsff11a, Ctsk, Fos, Tyrobp, Fcgr3, and Spi1 were significantly upregulated, while Pik3r3, Tgfbr1, and Mapk3k7 were significantly downregulated, in both PPMX and PPP. Interestingly, Tnfrsff11b was upregulated in PPMX but downregulated in PPP, which may regulate the timing of OCL appearance. These results contribute to the limited knowledge regarding mRNA-specific steps in OCL differentiation in the embryonic palatal bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Lai
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 28, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
- Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Liao
- Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuanqing Mao
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 28, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 18 Dao Shan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Chengyan Ren
- Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihui Chen
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 28, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
- Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fuzhou, China.
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10
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Senpuku H, Yoshimura K, Takai H, Maruoka Y, Yamashita E, Tominaga A, Ogata Y. Role of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor for Staphylococcal Infection in the Oral Cavity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5825. [PMID: 37762764 PMCID: PMC10532062 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are few valid indicators of oral infection owing to the complexity of pathogenic factors in oral diseases. Salivary markers are very useful for scrutinizing the symptoms of disease. To provide a reliable and useful predictive indicator of infection for opportunistic pathogens in individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with periodontal diseases and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), this study examines opportunistic pathogens such as C. albicans and staphylococci and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and CA125/MUC16 in saliva. The aim was to explore the correlations investigated among these factors. METHODS Samples were divided into two groups (based on patient sex, the absence and presence of dentures in elderly, or HIV-positive patients and healthy subjects), and the correlation was analyzed in two groups of elderly patients with periodontal disease (64.5 ± 11.2 years old) and HIV-infected patients (41.9 ± 8.4 years old). Healthy subjects (33.8 ± 9.1 years old) were also analyzed as a control. Levels of C. albicans, staphylococci, and M-CSF, which is an immunological factor for the differentiation of macrophage, and CA125/MUC16, which provides a protective lubricating barrier against infection, were investigated. RESULTS A significant and positive correlation between the levels of M-CSF and staphylococci was found in elderly individuals and HIV-positive patients treated with antiretroviral therapy. A significant and positive correlation between the levels of M-CSF and CD125/MUC16 was also found in both patients. These correlations were enhanced in both patients as compared with healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Salivary M-CSF might be useful as a new indicator of opportunistic infection caused by staphylococci and a defense against infection in immunocompromised hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Senpuku
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University of School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Takai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (H.T.)
| | - Yutaka Maruoka
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| | - Erika Yamashita
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan;
| | - Akira Tominaga
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (H.T.)
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang L, Wu Y, Feng Y, Ma F. lncRNA CLRN1-AS1 reduces adhesion ability of human trophoblasts via CXCL10/CXCL11. Placenta 2023; 140:47-59. [PMID: 37531749 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trophoblast cells play an important role in embryo recognition and localization, as well as placental development during embryo implantation. Dysfunction of trophoblastic cells causes pathological changes that lead to insufficient recognition, positioning, and adhesion during embryo implantation, ultimately leading to embryo development has stopped. METHODS High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed the mRNA and lncRNA in the villi tissue of pregnant women diagnosed with embryo cessation. In vitro implantation cell models, characteristic analysis, and bio information analysis confirmed that CLRN1-AS1 affected the adhesion function of trophoblast cells by influencing the chemokines CXCL10/CXCL11. RESULTS High throughput sequencing technology was used to identify 438 differentially expressed mRNAs and 41 lncRNAs. The three lncRNAs, namely CLRN1-AS1, USP27X-AS1, and AC104809.4, were screened by the mRNA-lncRNA network. In vitro implantation model suggested that all three lncRNAs could affect the adhesion between trophoblast cells, among which CLRN1-AS1 had the most significant effect. Characteristic analysis and correlation analysis showed that CLRN1-AS1 was closely related to the expression of six adhesion-related genes, LAMA1, FGL2, ITGB2, FBN1, EMP2, and PODN. Cell experiments and re-sequencing confirmed that CLRN1-AS1 could affect the adhesion ability of trophoblast cells to the extracellular matrix, and its process was related to the chemokine CXCL10/CXCL11. DISCUSSION These results constructed the network of mRNA-lncRNA and enrichment when embryonic development has stopped and found CLRN1-AS1 highly correlated to failure of embryo implantation, and revealed that CLRN1-AS1 modulates the adhesion ability of trophoblast cells to the extracellular matrix via the chemokines CXCL10/CXCL11 during the early stage of embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan,610041, China; Department of Post-Graduate Training, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - YingJiao Chen
- Office for West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linyu Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan,610041, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - YiLun Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan,610041, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ying Feng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Fang Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan,610041, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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12
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Gouife M, Ban Z, Yue X, Jiang J, Xie J. Molecular characterization, gene expression and functional analysis of goldfish ( Carassius auratus L.) macrophage colony stimulating factor 2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235370. [PMID: 37593738 PMCID: PMC10431942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 2 (MCSF-2) is an important cytokine that controls how cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage proliferate, differentiate, and survive in vertebrates. Two isoforms of MCSF have been identified in fish, each exhibiting distinct gene organization and expression patterns. In this study, we investigated a goldfish MCSF-2 gene in terms of its immunomodulatory and functional properties. Methods In this study, goldfish were acclimated for 3 weeks and sedated with TMS prior to handling. Two groups of fish were used for infection experiments, and tissues from healthy goldfish were collected for RNA isolation. cDNA synthesis was performed, and primers were designed based on transcriptome database sequences. Analysis of gfMCSF-2 sequences, including nucleotide and amino acid analysis, molecular mass prediction, and signal peptide prediction, was conducted. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to analyze gene expression levels, while goldfish head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) were isolated using standard protocols. The expression of gfMCSF-2 in activated HKLs was investigated, and recombinant goldfish MCSF-2 was expressed and purified. Western blot analysis, cell proliferation assays, and flow cytometric analysis of HKLs were performed. Gene expression analysis of transcription factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines in goldfish head kidney leukocytes exposed to rgMCSF-2 was conducted. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's post hoc test was applied. Results We performed a comparative analysis of MCSF-1 and MCSF-2 at the protein and nucleotide levels using the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm. The results revealed significant differences between the two sequences, supporting the notion that they represent distinct genes rather than isoforms of the same gene. Sequence alignment demonstrated high sequence identity with MCSF-2 homologs from fish species, particularly C. carpio, which was supported by phylogenetic analysis. Expression analysis in various goldfish tissues demonstrated differential expression levels, with the spleen exhibiting the highest expression. In goldfish head kidney leukocytes, gfMCSF-2 expression was modulated by chemical stimuli and bacterial infection, with upregulation observed in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and live Aeromonas hydrophila. Recombinant gfMCSF-2 (rgMCSF-2) was successfully expressed and purified, showing the ability to stimulate cell proliferation in HKLs. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that rgMCSF-2 induced differentiation of sorted leukocytes at a specific concentration. Moreover, rgMCSF-2 treatment upregulated TNFα and IL-1β mRNA levels and influenced the expression of transcription factors, such as MafB, GATA2, and cMyb, in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion Collectively, by elucidating the effects of rgMCSF-2 on cell proliferation, differentiation, and the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors, our findings provided a comprehensive understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying gfMCSF-2-mediated immune regulation. These results contribute to the fundamental knowledge of MCSF-2 in teleosts and establish a foundation for further investigations on the role of gfMCSF-2 in fish immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Gouife
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziqi Ban
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyuan Yue
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhu Jiang
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Zhejiang Institule of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiasong Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- National Engineering Research Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Sehgal A, Carter-Cusack D, Keshvari S, Patkar O, Huang S, Summers KM, Hume DA, Irvine KM. Intraperitoneal transfer of wild-type bone marrow repopulates tissue macrophages in the Csf1r knockout rat without contributing to monocytopoiesis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250312. [PMID: 37059596 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous null mutation of the Csf1r gene (Csf1rko) in rats leads to the loss of most tissue macrophage populations and pleiotropic impacts on postnatal growth and organ maturation, leading to early mortality. The phenotype can be reversed by intraperitoneal transfer of WT BM cells (BMT) at weaning. Here, we used a Csf1r-mApple transgenic reporter to track the fate of donor-derived cells. Following BMT into Csf1rko recipients, mApple+ve cells restored IBA1+ tissue macrophage populations in every tissue. However, monocytes, neutrophils, and B cells in the BM, blood, and lymphoid tissues remained of recipient (mApple-ve ) origin. An mApple+ve cell population expanded in the peritoneal cavity and invaded locally in the mesentery, fat pads, omentum, and diaphragm. One week after BMT, distal organs contained foci of mApple+ve , IBA1-ve immature progenitors that appeared to proliferate, migrate, and differentiate locally. We conclude that rat BM contains progenitor cells that are able to restore, replace, and maintain all tissue macrophage populations in a Csf1rko rat directly without contributing to the BM progenitor or blood monocyte populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dylan Carter-Cusack
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Omkar Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen Huang
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
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Asveda T, Priti T, Ravanan P. Exploring microglia and their phenomenal concatenation of stress responses in neurodegenerative disorders. Life Sci 2023:121920. [PMID: 37429415 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal cells are highly functioning but also extremely stress-sensitive cells. By defending the neuronal cells against pathogenic insults, microglial cells, a unique cell type, act as the frontline cavalry in the central nervous system (CNS). Their remarkable and unique ability to self-renew independently after their creation is crucial for maintaining normal brain function and neuroprotection. They have a wide range of molecular sensors that help maintain CNS homeostasis during development and adulthood. Despite being the protector of the CNS, studies have revealed that persistent microglial activation may be the root cause of innumerable neurodegenerative illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Amyloid Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). From our vigorous review, we state that there is a possible interlinking between pathways of Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, inflammation, and oxidative stress resulting in dysregulation of the microglial population, directly influencing the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, complement factors, free radicals, and nitric oxides leading to cell death via apoptosis. Recent research uses the suppression of these three pathways as a therapeutic approach to prevent neuronal death. Hence, in this review, we have spotlighted the advancement in microglial studies, which focus on their molecular defenses against multiple stresses, and current therapeutic strategies indirectly targeting glial cells for neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thankavelu Asveda
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Talwar Priti
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Laboratory, 412G Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Palaniyandi Ravanan
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Li X, Hu B, Guan X, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Sun H, Zhang X, Li Y, Huang X, Zhao Y, Wang X, Xu H, Zhang YW, Wang Z, Zheng H. Minocycline protects against microgliopathy in a Csf1r haplo-insufficient mouse model of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:134. [PMID: 37259140 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) are known to cause adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP), which has been recently demonstrated as a primary microgliopathy characterized by cognitive impairment. Although the molecular mechanism underlying CSF1R-mediated microgliopathy remains unclear, therapeutic strategies have generally targeted modulation of microglial function. In particular, the microglial inhibitor, minocycline, has been shown to attenuate learning and memory deficits in several neurodegenerative diseases. The objectives of this study were to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying ALSP and to explore the therapeutic effects of minocycline in an in vivo model of ALSP. We hypothesized that inhibiting microglial activation via minocycline could reverse the behavior and pathological defects in ALSP model mice. METHODS We generated a Csf1r haploinsufficiency mouse model of ALSP using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and conducted electrophysiological recordings of long-term potentiation (LTP) and behavioral tests to validate the recapitulation of clinical ALSP characteristics in 8- to 11-month-old mice. RNA-sequencing was used to explore enriched gene expression in the molecular pathogenesis of ALSP. Microglial activation was assessed by immunofluorescent detection of Iba1 and CD68 in brain sections of male ALSP mice and pro-inflammatory activation and phagocytosis were assessed in Csf1r+/- microglia. Therapeutic effects were assessed by behavioral tests, histological analysis, and morphological examination after four weeks of intraperitoneal injection with minocycline or vehicle control in Csf1r+/- mice and wild-type control littermates. RESULTS We found that synaptic function was reduced in LTP recordings of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region, while behavioral tests showed impaired spatial and cognitive memory specifically in male Csf1r+/- mice. Increased activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and enhanced phagocytic capacity were also observed in Csf1r+/- microglia. Treatment with minocycline could suppress the activation of Csf1r+/- microglia both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the behavioral and pathological deficits in Csf1r+/- mice were partially rescued by minocycline administration, potentially due to inhibition of microglial inflammation and phagocytosis in Csf1r+/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that CSF1R deficiency results in aberrant microglial activation, characterized by a pro-inflammatory phenotype and enhanced phagocytosis of myelin. Our results also indicate that microglial inhibition by minocycline can ameliorate behavioral impairment and ALSP pathogenesis in CSF1R-deficient male mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy. Collectively, these data support that minocycline confers protective effects against CSF1R-related microgliopathy in male ALSP model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Banglian Hu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
- Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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Gnanaguru G, Tabor SJ, Bonilla GM, Sadreyev R, Yuda K, Köhl J, Connor KM. Microglia refine developing retinal astrocytic and vascular networks through the complement C3/C3aR axis. Development 2023; 150:dev201047. [PMID: 36762625 PMCID: PMC10110418 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, a resident immune cell of the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in facilitating neurovascular development through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Previous reports indicate a role for microglia in regulating astrocyte density. This current work resolves the mechanism through which microglia facilitate astrocyte spatial patterning and superficial vascular bed formation in the neuroretina during development. Ablation of microglia increased astrocyte density and altered spatial patterning. Mechanistically, we show that microglia regulate the formation of the spatially organized astrocyte template required for subsequent vascular growth, through the complement C3/C3aR axis during neuroretinal development. Lack of C3 or C3aR hindered the developmental phagocytic removal of astrocyte bodies and resulted in increased astrocyte density. In addition, increased astrocyte density was associated with elevated proangiogenic extracellular matrix gene expression in C3- and C3aR-deficient retinas, resulting in increased vascular density. These data demonstrate that microglia regulate developmental astrocyte and vascular network spatial patterning in the neuroretina via the complement axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalan Gnanaguru
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven J. Tabor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gracia M. Bonilla
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kentaro Yuda
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kip M. Connor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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RNA sequencing-based transcriptome analysis of granulosa cells from follicular fluid: Genes involved in embryo quality during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280495. [PMID: 36857405 PMCID: PMC9977003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulosa cells play an important role in folliculogenesis, however, the role of RNA transcripts of granulosa cells in assessing embryo quality remains unclear. Therefore, we aims to investigate that RNA transcripts of granulosa cells be used to assess the probability of the embryonic developmental capacity. METHODS This prospective cohort study was attempted to figure out the probability of the embryonic developmental capacity using RNA sequencing of granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were collected from 48 samples in good-quality embryo group and 79 in only poor- quality embryo group from women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatment. Three samples from each group were used for RNA sequencing. RESULTS 226 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to high developmental competence of embryos. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were primarily involved in biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components. Additionally, pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs were enriched in 13 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction verified the differential expression of the 13 selected DEGs. Among them,10 genes were differently expressed in the poor-quality embryo group compared to good-quality embryo group, including CSF1R, CTSH, SERPINA1, CYP27A1, ITGB2, IL1β, TNF, TAB1, BCL2A1, and CCL4. CONCLUSIONS RNA sequencing data provide the support or confute granulosa expressed genes as non-invasive biomarkers for identifying the embryonic developmental capacity.
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Yousaf H, Khan MIU, Ali I, Munir MU, Lee KY. Emerging role of macrophages in non-infectious diseases: An update. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114426. [PMID: 36822022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past three decades, a huge body of evidence through various research studies conducted on animal models, has demonstrated that the macrophages are centralized of all the leukocytes involved in diseases and, particularly, their role in non-infectious diseases has been studied extensively for which they have also been referred to as the "double-edged swords". The most versatile of all immunocytes, macrophages play a key role in health and diseases. Various experimental models have demonstrated the conventional paradigms such as the M1/M2 dichotomy, which is not as obvious and presents a complex characterization of the macrophages in the disease immunology. In human diseases, this M1-M2 continuum shows a complex web of mechanisms, which are majorly divided into the pro-inflammatory roles (derived mainly by the cytokines: IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor) and anti-inflammatory roles (CCl-17, CCl-22, CCL-2, transforming growth factor (TGF), and interleukin-10), which are involved in the wound healing and pathogen-suppression. The conventional division of these macrophages as M1 and M2 is derived from the opposing functions of these macrophages; where M1 is involved in the tissue damage and pro-inflammatory roles and M2 promotes cell proliferation and the resolution of inflammation. Both these pathways down-regulate each other in diseases through a plethora of enzymatic and cytokine mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yousaf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Malik Ihsan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Munir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Sakaka, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ka Yiu Lee
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Ostersund, Sweden.
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19
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Zhao X, Yan L, Ji S, Zhang Y, Ha L, He C, Tian Y, Chen L, Zhu Q, Li M, Zhang J. Colnoy-stimulating factor 1 positive (CSF1 + ) secretory epithelial cells induce excessive trophoblast invasion in tubal pregnancy rupture. Cell Prolif 2023:e13408. [PMID: 36721079 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubal ectopic pregnancy (TEP) occurs when an embryo aberrantly implants in the fallopian tube, leading to abortive or ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy (AEP or REP). Poor outcomes of REP include maternal infertility or mortality. Current studies on the prevention and treatment of ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy (REP) are unfortunately hampered by a lack of the cell spectrum and cell-cell communications in the maternal-foetal interface. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of tubal rupture through single-cell transcriptome profiling of the fallopian tube-trophoblast interface in REP, AEP and intrauterine pregnancy patients. In REP, extravillous trophoblast (EVTs) cells form a dominant cell population, displaying aggressive invasion and proliferation, with robust differentiation into three subsets. Cell communication analysis identified colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), overexpressed by fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells in REP, with CSF1R on EVTs and macrophages, as a ligand/receptor pair that stimulates EVT invasion and macrophage accumulation. CSF1+ secretory epithelial cells stimulate EVTs migration and invasion, leading to a tubal rupture in REP. These results provide a mechanistic context and cellular milieu leading to tubal rupture, facilitating further study and development of therapeutics for REP in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Sifan Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisai Ha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuqing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Luting Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.,Department of Assisted Reproduction, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqing Li
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
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20
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Xiang C, Li H, Tang W. Targeting CSF-1R represents an effective strategy in modulating inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106566. [PMID: 36423789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), also known as FMS kinase, is a type I single transmembrane protein mainly expressed in myeloid cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, glial cells, and osteoclasts. The endogenous ligands, colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and Interleukin-34 (IL-34), activate CSF-1R and downstream signaling pathways including PI3K-AKT, JAK-STATs, and MAPKs, and modulate the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and activation of target immune cells. Over the past decades, the promising therapeutic potential of CSF-1R signaling inhibition has been widely studied for decreasing immune suppression and escape in tumors, owing to depletion and reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages. In addition, the excessive activation of CSF-1R in inflammatory diseases is consecutively uncovered in recent years, which may result in inflammation in bone, kidney, lung, liver and central nervous system. Agents against CSF-1R signaling have been increasingly investigated in preclinical or clinical studies for inflammatory diseases treatment. However, the pathological mechanism of CSF-1R in inflammation is indistinct and whether CSF-1R signaling can be identified as biomarkers remains controversial. With the background information aforementioned, this review focus on the dialectical roles of CSF-1R and its ligands in regulating innate immune cells and highlights various therapeutic implications of blocking CSF-1R signaling in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigui Xiang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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21
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DIA mass spectrometry characterizes urinary proteomics in neonatal and adult donkeys. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22590. [PMID: 36585464 PMCID: PMC9803668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Health monitoring is critical for newborn animals due to their vulnerability to diseases. Urine can be not only a useful and non-invasive tool (free-catch samples) to reflect the physiological status of animals but also to help monitor the progression of diseases. Proteomics involves the study of the whole complement of proteins and peptides, including structure, quantities, functions, variations and interactions. In this study, urinary proteomics of neonatal donkeys were characterized and compared to the profiles of adult donkeys to provide a reference database for healthy neonatal donkeys. The urine samples were collected from male neonatal donkeys on their sixth to tenth days of life (group N) and male adult donkeys aging 4-6 years old (group A). Library-free data-independent acquisition (direct DIA) mass spectrometry-based proteomics were applied to analyze the urinary protein profiles. Total 2179 urinary proteins were identified, and 411 proteins were differentially expressed (P < 0.05) between the two groups. 104 proteins were exclusively expressed in group N including alpha fetoprotein (AFP), peptidase-mitochondrial processing data unit (PMPCB), and upper zone of growth plate and cartilage matrix associated (UCMA), which might be used to monitor the health status of neonatal donkeys. In functional analysis, some differentially expressed proteins were identified related to immune system pathways, which might provide more insight in the immature immunity of neonatal donkeys. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to report donkey urinary proteome and our results might provide reference for urinary biomarker discovery used to monitor and evaluate health status of neonatal donkeys.
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22
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Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor Enhances Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Aggressiveness In Vitro and In Vivo and Increases Osteopontin Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416028. [PMID: 36555673 PMCID: PMC9785574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major public health concern and one of the most prevalent forms of cancer worldwide. The definition of altered signaling pathways implicated in this complex disease is thus essential. In this context, abnormal expression of the receptor of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 (M-CSF or CSF-1) has been described in prostate cancer cells. Yet, outcomes of this expression remain unknown. Using mouse and human prostate cancer cell lines, this study has investigated the functionality of the wild-type CSF-1 receptor in prostate tumor cells and identified molecular mechanisms underlying its ligand-induced activation. Here, we showed that upon CSF-1 binding, the receptor autophosphorylates and activates multiple signaling pathways in prostate tumor cells. Biological experiments demonstrated that the CSF-1R/CSF-1 axis conferred significant advantages in cell growth and cell invasion in vitro. Mouse xenograft experiments showed that CSF-1R expression promoted the aggressiveness of prostate tumor cells. In particular, we demonstrated that the ligand-activated CSF-1R increased the expression of spp1 transcript encoding for osteopontin, a key player in cancer development and metastasis. Therefore, this study highlights that the CSF-1 receptor is fully functional in a prostate cancer cell and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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23
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Response to Matters Arising: Characterization of placental fetal macrophages. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2601-2603. [PMID: 36473457 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chen et al.1 published a report that casts doubt on our main finding from a recent article.2 Although we acknowledge the importance of their observations, we are reserved about whether their observations would invalidate our conclusions that placental fetal macrophages are generated de novo via placental hemogenic endothelium. This Matters Arising response paper addresses the Chen et al.1 Matters Arising paper published concurrently in Developmental Cell.
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24
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Hume DA, Batoon L, Sehgal A, Keshvari S, Irvine KM. CSF1R as a Therapeutic Target in Bone Diseases: Obvious but Not so Simple. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:516-531. [PMID: 36197652 PMCID: PMC9718875 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the review is to summarize the expression and function of CSF1R and its ligands in bone homeostasis and constraints on therapeutic targeting of this axis. RECENT FINDINGS Bone development and homeostasis depends upon interactions between mesenchymal cells and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage (MPS), macrophages, and osteoclasts (OCL). The homeostatic interaction is mediated in part by the systemic and local production of growth factors, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1), and interleukin 34 (IL34) that interact with a receptor (CSF1R) expressed exclusively by MPS cells and their progenitors. Loss-of-function mutations in CSF1 or CSF1R lead to loss of OCL and macrophages and dysregulation of postnatal bone development. MPS cells continuously degrade CSF1R ligands via receptor-mediated endocytosis. As a consequence, any local or systemic increase or decrease in macrophage or OCL abundance is rapidly reversible. In principle, both CSF1R agonists and antagonists have potential in bone regenerative medicine but their evaluation in disease models and therapeutic application needs to carefully consider the intrinsic feedback control of MPS biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
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25
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Elson A, Anuj A, Barnea-Zohar M, Reuven N. The origins and formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Bone 2022; 164:116538. [PMID: 36028118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCLs) are hematopoietic cells whose physiological function is to degrade bone. OCLs are key players in the processes that determine and maintain the mass, shape, and physical properties of bone. OCLs adhere to bone tightly and degrade its matrix by secreting protons and proteases onto the underlying surface. The combination of low pH and proteases degrades the mineral and protein components of the matrix and forms a resorption pit; the degraded material is internalized by the cell and then secreted into the circulation. Insufficient or excessive activity of OCLs can lead to significant changes in bone and either cause or exacerbate symptoms of diseases, as in osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, and cancer-induced bone lysis. OCLs are derived from monocyte-macrophage precursor cells whose origins are in two distinct embryonic cell lineages - erythromyeloid progenitor cells of the yolk sac, and hematopoietic stem cells. OCLs are formed in a multi-stage process that is induced by the cytokines M-CSF and RANKL, during which the cells differentiate, fuse to form multi-nucleated cells, and then differentiate further to become mature, bone-resorbing OCLs. Recent studies indicate that OCLs can undergo fission in vivo to generate smaller cells, called "osteomorphs", that can be "re-cycled" by fusing with other cells to form new OCLs. In this review we describe OCLs and discuss their cellular origins and the cellular and molecular events that drive osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Anuj Anuj
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maayan Barnea-Zohar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nina Reuven
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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26
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Li CH, Tsai ML, Chiou HY(C, Lin YC, Liao WT, Hung CH. Role of Macrophages in Air Pollution Exposure Related Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012337. [PMID: 36293195 PMCID: PMC9603963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and airway inflammation. The chronic inflammation of the airway is mediated by many cell types, cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators. Research suggests that exposure to air pollution has a negative impact on asthma outcomes in adult and pediatric populations. Air pollution is one of the greatest environmental risks to health, and it impacts the lungs' innate and adaptive defense systems. A major pollutant in the air is particulate matter (PM), a complex component composed of elemental carbon and heavy metals. According to the WHO, 99% of people live in air pollution where air quality levels are lower than the WHO air quality guidelines. This suggests that the effect of air pollution exposure on asthma is a crucial health issue worldwide. Macrophages are essential in recognizing and processing any inhaled foreign material, such as PM. Alveolar macrophages are one of the predominant cell types that process and remove inhaled PM by secreting proinflammatory mediators from the lung. This review focuses on macrophages and their role in orchestrating the inflammatory responses induced by exposure to air pollutants in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying (Clair) Chiou
- Teaching and Research Center of Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-T.L.); or (C.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2791) (W.-T.L.); +886-7-311-5140 (C.-H.H.); Fax: +886-7-312-5339 (W.-T.L.); +886-7-321-3931 (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-T.L.); or (C.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2791) (W.-T.L.); +886-7-311-5140 (C.-H.H.); Fax: +886-7-312-5339 (W.-T.L.); +886-7-321-3931 (C.-H.H.)
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27
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Chumakova SP, Urazova OI, Shipulin VM, Denisenko OA, Kononova TE, Nevskaya KV, Andreev SL. Differentiation and subpopulation composition of VEGFR2+ cells in the blood and bone marrow in ischemic cardiomyopathy. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-3-120-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim. To identify disturbances of differentiation and subpopulation composition of VEGFR2+ cells in the blood and bone marrow associated with the features of the cytokine profile in the blood and bone marrow in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with and without ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).Materials and methods. The study included 74 patients with СAD with and without ICM (30 and 44 people, respectively) and 18 healthy donors. In all patients with СAD, peripheral blood sampling was performed immediately before coronary artery bypass grafting, and bone marrow samples were taken during the surgery via a sternal incision. In the healthy donors, only peripheral blood sampling was performed. In the bone marrow and blood samples, the number of VEGFR2+ cells (CD14+VEGFR2+ cells) and their immunophenotypes CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+, CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+, and CD14+CD16-VEGFR2+ was determined by flow cytometry. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of VЕGF-А, TNFα, M-CSF, and IL-13, as well as the content of MCP-1 (only in the blood) and the M-CSF / IL-13 ratio (only in the bone marrow) were determined.Results. The content of CD14+VEGFR2+ cells in the blood of CAD patients with and without ICM was higher than normal values due to the greater number of CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+, and CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+. In the bone marrow of the patients with ICM, the content of CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+, and CD14+CD16-VEGFR2+ was lower than in patients with CAD without ICM, and the number of CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+ cells corresponded to that in the controls. Regardless of the presence of ICM in CAD, a high concentration of TNFα and normal levels of VEGF-A and IL-13 were observed in the blood. In CAD without ICM, an excess of MCP-1 and deficiency of M-CSF were revealed in the blood. In the bone marrow, the levels of VEGF-A, TNFα, M-CSF, and IL-13 were comparable between the groups of patients against the background of a decrease in the M-CSF / IL-13 ratio in the patients with ICM.Conclusion. Unlike CAD without cardiomyopathy, in ICM, no excess of VEGFR2+ cells and MCP-1 in the blood is observed, which hinders active migration of CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+ cells from the myeloid tissue, and a decrease in the M-CSF / IL-13 ratio in the bone marrow disrupts differentiation of other forms of VEGFR2+ cells, preventing vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O. I. Urazova
- Siberian State Medical University; Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR)
| | - V. M. Shipulin
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - O. A. Denisenko
- Siberian State Medical University; Tomsk Regional Blood Center
| | | | | | - S. L. Andreev
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
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28
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Foss CA, Ordonez AA, Naik R, Das D, Hall A, Wu Y, Dannals RF, Jain SK, Pomper MG, Horti AG. PET/CT imaging of CSF1R in a mouse model of tuberculosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4088-4096. [PMID: 35713665 PMCID: PMC9922090 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Macrophages represent an essential means of sequestration and immune evasion for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is characterized by dense collections of tissue-specific and recruited macrophages, both of which abundantly express CSF1R on their outer surface. 4-Cyano-N-(5-(1-(dimethylglycyl)piperidin-4-yl)-2',3',4',5'-tetrahydro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide (JNJ-28312141) is a reported high affinity, CSF1R-selective antagonist. We report the radiosynthesis of 4-cyano-N-(5-(1-(N-methyl-N-([11C]methyl)glycyl)piperidin-4-yl)-2',3',4',5'-tetrahydro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide ([11C]JNJ-28312141) and non-invasive detection of granulomatous and diffuse lesions in a mouse model of TB using positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS Nor-methyl-JNJ-28312141 precursor was radiolabeled with [11C]iodomethane to produce [11C]JNJ-28312141. PET/CT imaging was performed in the C3HeB/FeJ murine model of chronic pulmonary TB to co-localize radiotracer uptake with granulomatous lesions observed on CT. Additionally, CSF1R, Iba1 fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed to co-localize CSF1R target with reactive macrophages in infected and healthy mice. RESULTS Radiosynthesis of [11C]JNJ-28312141 averaged a non-decay-corrected yield of 18.7 ± 2.1%, radiochemical purity of 99%, and specific activity averaging 658 ± 141 GBq/µmol at the end-of-synthesis. PET/CT imaging in healthy mice showed hepatobiliary [13.39-25.34% ID/g, percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue (ID/g)] and kidney uptake (12.35% ID/g) at 40-50 min post-injection. Infected mice showed focal pulmonary lesion uptake (5.58-12.49% ID/g), hepatobiliary uptake (15.30-40.50% ID/g), cervical node uptake, and renal uptake (11.66-29.33% ID/g). The ratio of infected lesioned lung/healthy lung uptake is 5.91:1, while the ratio of lesion uptake to adjacent infected radiolucent lung is 2.8:1. Pre-administration of 1 mg/kg of unlabeled JNJ-28312141 with [11C]JNJ-28312141 in infected animals resulted in substantial blockade. Fluorescence microscopy of infected and uninfected whole lung sections exclusively co-localized CSF1R staining with abundant Iba1 + macrophages. Healthy lung exhibited no CSF1R staining and very few Iba1 + macrophages. CONCLUSION [11C]JNJ-28312141 binds specifically to CSF1R + macrophages and delineates granulomatous foci of disease in a murine model of pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Foss
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Alvaro A Ordonez
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ravi Naik
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deepankar Das
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Hall
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yunkou Wu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert F Dannals
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew G Horti
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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Fu K, Chen X, Guo W, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Ji T, Yang P, Tian X, Wang W, Zou Y. Effects of N Acetylcysteine on the Expression of Genes Associated with Reproductive Performance in the Goat Uterus during Early Gestation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182431. [PMID: 36139290 PMCID: PMC9495183 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The uterus is an important place for mammals to nurture new life, and improving the physiological function of the uterus is important for improving the reproductive efficiency of mammals. NAC is a small-molecule antioxidant with a positive regulatory effect on mammalian reproductive performance. We found that NAC can alter the expression of uterine genes in goats in early gestation. These DEGs may regulate uterine performance in early pregnancy in goats by participating in signalling pathways related to reproductive regulation, resistance to oxidative stress, immune regulation, angiogenesis and development, cytokines, and cell adhesion. These findings provide a fundamental reference for the modulation of reproductive performance in goats in early gestation by NAC. Abstract N acetylcysteine (NAC) affects antioxidation and reactive oxygen species scavenging in the body and thereby promotes embryonic development and implantation and inhibits inflammation. The mechanism through which NAC regulates reproductive performance in the uteri of goats during early gestation remains unclear. In this study, the treatment group was fed 0.07% NAC for the first 35 days of gestation, whereas the control group received no NAC supplementation. The regulatory genes and key pathways associated with goat reproductive performance under NAC supplementation were identified by RNA-seq. RT–qPCR was used to verify the sequencing results and subsequently construct tissue expression profiles of the relevant genes. RNA-seq identified 19,796 genes coexpressed in the control and treatment groups and 1318 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 787 and 531 DEGs enriched in the treatment and control groups, respectively. A GO analysis revealed that the identified genes mapped to pathways such as cell activation, cytokine production, cell mitotic processes, and angiogenesis, and a KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in pathways associated with reproductive regulation, immune regulation, resistance to oxidative stress, and cell adhesion. The RT–qPCR analysis showed that BDNF and CSF-1 were most highly expressed in the uterus, that WIF1 and ESR2 showed low expression in the uterus, and that CTSS, PTX3, and TGFβ-3 were most highly expressed in the oviduct, which indicated that these genes may be directly or indirectly involved in the modulation of reproduction in early-gestation goats. These findings provide fundamental data for the NAC-mediated modulation of the reproductive performance of goats during early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhinan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Taotao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Peifang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingzhou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yue Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Chitu V, Gökhan Ş, Stanley ER. Modeling CSF-1 receptor deficiency diseases - how close are we? FEBS J 2022; 289:5049-5073. [PMID: 34145972 PMCID: PMC8684558 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) in macrophage and organismal development has been extensively studied in mouse. Within the last decade, mutations in the CSF1R have been shown to cause rare diseases of both pediatric (Brain Abnormalities, Neurodegeneration, and Dysosteosclerosis, OMIM #618476) and adult (CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy, OMIM #221820) onset. Here we review the genetics, penetrance, and histopathological features of these diseases and discuss to what extent the animal models of Csf1r deficiency currently available provide systems in which to study the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. 10461, USA
| | - Şölen Gökhan
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. 10461, USA
| | - E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y. 10461, USA
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Ostertag C, Klein D, Martini R. Presymptomatic macrophage targeting has a long-lasting therapeutic effect on treatment termination. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114195. [PMID: 35931123 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated inflammation is a potent driver of disease progression in mouse models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) 1 diseases. This leads to the possibility to consider these cells as therapeutic targets to dampen disease outcome in the so far non-treatable neuropathies. As a pharmacological proof-of-principle study, long-term targeting of nerve macrophages with the orally applied CSF-1 receptor specific kinase (c-FMS) inhibitor PLX5622 showed a substantial alleviation of the neuropathy in distinct CMT1 mouse models. However, regarding translational options, clinically relevant questions emerged regarding treatment onset, duration and termination. Corroborating previous data, we here show that in a model for CMT1B, peripheral neuropathy was substantially alleviated after early continuous PLX5622 treatment in CMT1B mice, leading to preserved motor function. However, late-onset treatment failed to mitigate histopathological and clinical features, despite a similar reduction in the number of macrophages. Surprisingly, in CMT1B mice, terminating early PLX5622 treatment at six months was still sufficient to preserve motor function at 12 months of age, suggesting a long-lasting, therapeutic effect of early macrophage depletion. This novel and unexpected finding may have important translational implications, since we here show that continuous macrophage targeting appears not to be necessary for disease alleviation, provided that the treatment starts within an early, critical time window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ostertag
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Klein
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Martini
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Wang H, Zheng F, Ouyang A, Yuan G, Su J, Liu X. Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) MaCSF-1 contributes to proliferation, phagocytosis and immunoregulation of macrophages via MaCSF-1R. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:1113-1126. [PMID: 35803511 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CSF-1 and CSF-1R have been well demonstrated in humans, regulating the differentiation, proliferation and survival of the mononuclear phagocyte system. However, the functional study on MaCSF-1 and MaCSF-1R from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) is still unknown. In the present study, we cloned and functionally characterized MaCSF-1 and MaCSF-1R. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that both MaCSF-1 and MaCSF-1R were mostly close to the grass carp counterparts. Tissue distribution analysis showed that both MaCSF-1 and MaCSF-1R were widely distributed in all examined tissues, dominantly distributed in spleen, blood and head kidney tissues. Furthermore, confocal microscopy assay and flow cytometry assay showed that MaCSF-1R was the marker on the surface of macrophages. Recombinant MaCSF-1 promoted macrophage proliferation, phagocytosis and the production of IL-10. Through the pull-down experiments and indirect immunofluorescence experiments, the interaction between MaCSF-1 and MaCSF-1R was confirmed. To explore the relationship between MaCSF-1 and its receptor, MaCSF-1R and MaCSF-1R antibody was prepared. Then the MaCSF-1R blockage assay indicated that the role of MaCSF-1 on the macrophages proliferation and phagocytosis was weakened, leading the reduction of IL-10 expression level. In conclusion, MaCSF-1R is the marker on the surface of macrophage membrane; and MaCSF-1 promotes macrophage proliferation, phagocytosis, and significantly increased the expression levels of IL-10 depended on the interacting with MaCSF-1R. This study provides basal data for the biological function of MaCSF-1 and MaCSF-1R, and is valuable for the exploration of MaCSF-1 and MaCSF-1R molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabing Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Feifei Zheng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Aotian Ouyang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Shi W, Zhang J, Shang Z, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Fu H, Yu T. Restorative therapy using microglial depletion and repopulation for central nervous system injuries and diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:969127. [PMID: 35911768 PMCID: PMC9329909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.969127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are important resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and play an important role in its development, homeostasis, and disease treatments. Activated microglia perform diverse functions in mouse models of CNS neurodegenerative diseases or deficits. In humans, microglia have been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. Following brain or spinal cord injury, microglia express pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes at different stages of recovery. With the development of pharmacological and genetic tools for microglial depletion, studies have demonstrated that microglial depletion exerts both positive and negative effects in the treatment of CNS diseases. Notably, microglial depletion provides an empty niche that stimulates production of new microglia. Microglial depletion and repopulation can not only treat diseases by eliminating dysfunctional microglia but can also provide an indication of the molecular mechanisms of diseases. Although this approach has shown impressive results, its use is still in its infancy. In this review, we summarize the current pharmacological and genetic tools for microglial depletion and highlight recent advances in microglial repopulation therapy for the treatment and functional recovery of neurological diseases and deficits. Finally, we briefly discuss the therapeutic challenges and prospective uses of microglial repopulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Shang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Department of Trauma Emergency Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedics Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haitao Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Fu, ; Tengbo Yu,
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Fu, ; Tengbo Yu,
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34
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Kiani Shabestari S, Morabito S, Danhash EP, McQuade A, Sanchez JR, Miyoshi E, Chadarevian JP, Claes C, Coburn MA, Hasselmann J, Hidalgo J, Tran KN, Martini AC, Chang Rothermich W, Pascual J, Head E, Hume DA, Pridans C, Davtyan H, Swarup V, Blurton-Jones M. Absence of microglia promotes diverse pathologies and early lethality in Alzheimer's disease mice. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110961. [PMID: 35705056 PMCID: PMC9285116 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are strongly implicated in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet their impact on pathology and lifespan remains unclear. Here we utilize a CSF1R hypomorphic mouse to generate a model of AD that genetically lacks microglia. The resulting microglial-deficient mice exhibit a profound shift from parenchymal amyloid plaques to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which is accompanied by numerous transcriptional changes, greatly increased brain calcification and hemorrhages, and premature lethality. Remarkably, a single injection of wild-type microglia into adult mice repopulates the microglial niche and prevents each of these pathological changes. Taken together, these results indicate the protective functions of microglia in reducing CAA, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and brain calcification. To further understand the clinical implications of these findings, human AD tissue and iPSC-microglia were examined, providing evidence that microglia phagocytose calcium crystals, and this process is impaired by loss of the AD risk gene, TREM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Kiani Shabestari
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Samuel Morabito
- Mathematical, Computational and System Biology (MCSB) Program, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Emma Pascal Danhash
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jessica Ramirez Sanchez
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Emily Miyoshi
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jean Paul Chadarevian
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christel Claes
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Morgan Alexandra Coburn
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jonathan Hasselmann
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jorge Hidalgo
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kayla Nhi Tran
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alessandra C Martini
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Jesse Pascual
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; The Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Ciallella HL, Russo DP, Sharma S, Li Y, Sloter E, Sweet L, Huang H, Zhu H. Predicting Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Based On the Combination of Chemical Structures and Biological Data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5984-5998. [PMID: 35451820 PMCID: PMC9191745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
For hazard identification, classification, and labeling purposes, animal testing guidelines are required by law to evaluate the developmental toxicity potential of new and existing chemical products. However, guideline developmental toxicity studies are costly, time-consuming, and require many laboratory animals. Computational modeling has emerged as a promising, animal-sparing, and cost-effective method for evaluating the developmental toxicity potential of chemicals, such as endocrine disruptors, without the use of animals. We aimed to develop a predictive and explainable computational model for developmental toxicants. To this end, a comprehensive dataset of 1244 chemicals with developmental toxicity classifications was curated from public repositories and literature sources. Data from 2140 toxicological high-throughput screening assays were extracted from PubChem and the ToxCast program for this dataset and combined with information about 834 chemical fragments to group assays based on their chemical-mechanistic relationships. This effort revealed two assay clusters containing 83 and 76 assays, respectively, with high positive predictive rates for developmental toxicants identified with animal testing guidelines (PPV = 72.4 and 77.3% during cross-validation). These two assay clusters can be used as developmental toxicity models and were applied to predict new chemicals for external validation. This study provides a new strategy for constructing alternative chemical developmental toxicity evaluations that can be replicated for other toxicity modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Ciallella
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Daniel P. Russo
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA
| | - Swati Sharma
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Yafan Li
- The Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, OH, 44092, USA
| | - Eddie Sloter
- The Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, OH, 44092, USA
| | - Len Sweet
- The Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, OH, 44092, USA
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA
- Corresponding Author333 Hao Zhu, 201 South Broadway, Joint Health Sciences Center, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08103; Telephone: (856) 225-6781;
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Gao D, Jiao J, Wang Z, Huang X, Ni X, Fang S, Zhou Q, Zhu X, Sun L, Yang Z, Yuan H. The roles of cell-cell and organ-organ crosstalk in the type 2 diabetes mellitus associated inflammatory microenvironment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 66:15-25. [PMID: 35459618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a classic metaflammatory disease, and the inflammatory states of the pancreatic islet and insulin target organs have been well confirmed. However, abundant evidence demonstrates that there are countless connections between these organs in the presence of a low degree of inflammation. In this review, we focus on cell-cell crosstalk among local cells in the islet and organ-organ crosstalk among insulin-related organs. In contrast to that in acute inflammation, macrophages are the dominant immune cells causing inflammation in the islets and insulin target organs in T2DM. In the inflammatory microenvironment (IME) of the islet, cell-cell crosstalk involving local macrophage polarization and proinflammatory cytokine production impair insulin secretion by β-cells. Furthermore, organ-organ crosstalk, including the gut-brain-pancreas axis and interactions among insulin-related organs during inflammation, reduces insulin sensitivity and induces endocrine dysfunction. Therefore, this crosstalk ultimately results in a cascade leading to β-cell dysfunction. These findings could have broad implications for therapies aimed at treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China; Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Juan Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Seventh Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Zhaoping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Sihang Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Liang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Ze Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, PR China; Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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Stables J, Green EK, Sehgal A, Patkar OL, Keshvari S, Taylor I, Ashcroft ME, Grabert K, Wollscheid-Lengeling E, Szymkowiak S, McColl BW, Adamson A, Humphreys NE, Mueller W, Starobova H, Vetter I, Shabestari SK, Blurton-Jones MM, Summers KM, Irvine KM, Pridans C, Hume DA. A kinase-dead Csf1r mutation associated with adult-onset leukoencephalopathy has a dominant inhibitory impact on CSF1R signalling. Development 2022; 149:274819. [PMID: 35333324 PMCID: PMC9002114 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid substitutions in the kinase domain of the human CSF1R gene are associated with autosomal dominant adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). To model the human disease, we created a disease-associated mutation (pGlu631Lys; E631K) in the mouse Csf1r locus. Homozygous mutation (Csf1rE631K/E631K) phenocopied the Csf1r knockout, with prenatal mortality or severe postnatal growth retardation and hydrocephalus. Heterozygous mutation delayed the postnatal expansion of tissue macrophage populations in most organs. Bone marrow cells from Csf1rE631K/+mice were resistant to CSF1 stimulation in vitro, and Csf1rE631K/+ mice were unresponsive to administration of a CSF1-Fc fusion protein, which expanded tissue macrophage populations in controls. In the brain, microglial cell numbers and dendritic arborisation were reduced in Csf1rE631K/+ mice, as in patients with ALSP. The microglial phenotype is the opposite of microgliosis observed in Csf1r+/- mice. However, we found no evidence of brain pathology or impacts on motor function in aged Csf1rE631K/+ mice. We conclude that heterozygous disease-associated CSF1R mutations compromise CSF1R signalling. We speculate that leukoencephalopathy associated with dominant human CSF1R mutations requires an environmental trigger and/or epistatic interaction with common neurodegenerative disease-associated alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Stables
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Emma K Green
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Isis Taylor
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Maisie E Ashcroft
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kathleen Grabert
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Evi Wollscheid-Lengeling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Université du Luxembourg, Belvaux, L-4401, Luxembourg
| | - Stefan Szymkowiak
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Barry W McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Antony Adamson
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Neil E Humphreys
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Werner Mueller
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hana Starobova
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences & School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences & School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | | | | | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
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38
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Hwang D, Seyedsadr MS, Ishikawa LLW, Boehm A, Sahin Z, Casella G, Jang S, Gonzalez MV, Garifallou JP, Hakonarson H, Zhang W, Xiao D, Rostami A, Zhang GX, Ciric B. CSF-1 maintains pathogenic but not homeostatic myeloid cells in the central nervous system during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111804119. [PMID: 35353625 PMCID: PMC9168454 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111804119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1R) is important for the survival and function of myeloid cells that mediate pathology during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). CSF-1 and IL-34, the ligands of CSF-1R, have similar bioactivities but distinct tissue and context-dependent expression patterns, suggesting that they have different roles. This could be the case in EAE, given that CSF-1 expression is up-regulated in the CNS, while IL-34 remains constitutively expressed. We found that targeting CSF-1 with neutralizing antibody halted ongoing EAE, with efficacy superior to CSF-1R inhibitor BLZ945, whereas IL-34 neutralization had no effect, suggesting that pathogenic myeloid cells were maintained by CSF-1. Both anti–CSF-1 and BLZ945 treatment greatly reduced the number of monocyte-derived cells and microglia in the CNS. However, anti–CSF-1 selectively depleted inflammatory microglia and monocytes in inflamed CNS areas, whereas BLZ945 depleted virtually all myeloid cells, including quiescent microglia, throughout the CNS. Anti–CSF-1 treatment reduced the size of demyelinated lesions and microglial activation in the gray matter. Lastly, we found that bone marrow–derived immune cells were the major mediators of CSF-1R–dependent pathology, while microglia played a lesser role. Our findings suggest that targeting CSF-1 could be effective in ameliorating MS pathology, while preserving the homeostatic functions of myeloid cells, thereby minimizing risks associated with ablation of CSF-1R–dependent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Maryam S. Seyedsadr
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | | | - Alexandra Boehm
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Ziver Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Giacomo Casella
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Soohwa Jang
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Michael V. Gonzalez
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - James P. Garifallou
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Han J, Chitu V, Stanley ER, Wszolek ZK, Karrenbauer VD, Harris RA. Inhibition of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) as a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: opportunities and challenges. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:219. [PMID: 35366105 PMCID: PMC8976111 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are specialized dynamic immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that plays a crucial role in brain homeostasis and in disease states. Persistent neuroinflammation is considered a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Colony stimulating factor 1-receptor (CSF-1R) is predominantly expressed on microglia and its expression is significantly increased in neurodegenerative diseases. Cumulative findings have indicated that CSF-1R inhibitors can have beneficial effects in preclinical neurodegenerative disease models. Research using CSF-1R inhibitors has now been extended into non-human primates and humans. This review article summarizes the most recent advances using CSF-1R inhibitors in different neurodegenerative conditions including AD, PD, HD, ALS and MS. Potential challenges for translating these findings into clinical practice are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | | | - Virginija Danylaité Karrenbauer
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A. Harris
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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40
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Hu B, Duan S, Wang Z, Li X, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Zhang YW, Xu H, Zheng H. Insights Into the Role of CSF1R in the Central Nervous System and Neurological Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:789834. [PMID: 34867307 PMCID: PMC8634759 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.789834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor modulating microglial homeostasis, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS). CSF1R, which can be proteolytically cleaved into a soluble ectodomain and an intracellular protein fragment, supports the survival of myeloid cells upon activation by two ligands, colony stimulating factor 1 and interleukin 34. CSF1R loss-of-function mutations are the major cause of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) and its dysfunction has also been implicated in other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we review the physiological functions of CSF1R in the CNS and its pathological effects in neurological disorders including ALSP, AD, frontotemporal dementia and multiple sclerosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of CSF1R is critical for developing targeted therapies for related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banglian Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengshun Duan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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41
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Chitu V, Biundo F, Stanley ER. Colony stimulating factors in the nervous system. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101511. [PMID: 34743926 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although traditionally seen as regulators of hematopoiesis, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) have emerged as important players in the nervous system, both in health and disease. This review summarizes the cellular sources, patterns of expression and physiological roles of the macrophage (CSF-1, IL-34), granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CSF) and granulocyte (G-CSF) colony stimulating factors within the nervous system, with a particular focus on their actions on microglia. CSF-1 and IL-34, via the CSF-1R, are required for the development, proliferation and maintenance of essentially all CNS microglia in a temporal and regional specific manner. In contrast, in steady state, GM-CSF and G-CSF are mainly involved in regulation of microglial function. The alterations in expression of these growth factors and their receptors, that have been reported in several neurological diseases, are described and the outcomes of their therapeutic targeting in mouse models and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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42
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Sehgal A, Irvine KM, Hume DA. Functions of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) in development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101509. [PMID: 34742624 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) is the primary growth factor required for the control of monocyte and macrophage differentiation, survival, proliferation and renewal. Although the cDNAs encoding multiple isoforms of human CSF1 were cloned in the 1980s, and recombinant proteins were available for testing in humans, CSF1 has not yet found substantial clinical application. Here we present an overview of CSF1 biology, including evolution, regulation and functions of cell surface and secreted isoforms. CSF1 is widely-expressed, primarily by cells of mesenchymal lineages, in all mouse tissues. Cell-specific deletion of a floxed Csf1 allele in mice indicates that local CSF1 production contributes to the maintenance of tissue-specific macrophage populations but is not saturating. CSF1 in the circulation is controlled primarily by receptor-mediated clearance by macrophages in liver and spleen. Administration of recombinant CSF1 to humans or animals leads to monocytosis and expansion of tissue macrophage populations and growth of the liver and spleen. In a wide variety of tissue injury models, CSF1 administration promotes monocyte infiltration, clearance of damaged cells and repair. We suggest that CSF1 has therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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43
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Sun J, Tang Q, Zhang J, Chen G, Peng J, Chen L. Possible Immunotherapeutic Strategies Based on Carcinogen-Dependent Subgroup Classification for Oral Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:717038. [PMID: 34497832 PMCID: PMC8419237 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.717038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity serves as an open local organ of the human body, exposed to multiple external factors from the outside environment. Coincidentally, initiation and development of oral cancer are attributed to many external factors, such as smoking and drinking, to a great extent. This phenomenon was partly explained by the genetic abnormalities traditionally induced by carcinogens. However, more and more attention has been attracted to the influence of carcinogens on the local immune status. On the other hand, immune heterogeneity of cancer patients is a huge obstacle for enhancing the clinical efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Thus, in this review, we try to summarize the current opinions about variant genetic changes and multiple immune alterations induced by different oral cancer carcinogens and discuss the prospects of targeted immunotherapeutic strategies based on specific immune abnormalities caused by different carcinogens, as a predictive way to improve clinical outcomes of immunotherapy-treated oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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44
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Romero-Molina C, Navarro V, Jimenez S, Muñoz-Castro C, Sanchez-Mico MV, Gutierrez A, Vitorica J, Vizuete M. Should We Open Fire on Microglia? Depletion Models as Tools to Elucidate Microglial Role in Health and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9734. [PMID: 34575898 PMCID: PMC8471219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a critical role in both homeostasis and disease, displaying a wide variety in terms of density, functional markers and transcriptomic profiles along the different brain regions as well as under injury or pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The generation of reliable models to study into a dysfunctional microglia context could provide new knowledge towards the contribution of these cells in AD. In this work, we included an overview of different microglial depletion approaches. We also reported unpublished data from our genetic microglial depletion model, Cx3cr1CreER/Csf1rflx/flx, in which we temporally controlled microglia depletion by either intraperitoneal (acute model) or oral (chronic model) tamoxifen administration. Our results reported a clear microglial repopulation, then pointing out that our model would mimic a context of microglial replacement instead of microglial dysfunction. Next, we evaluated the origin and pattern of microglial repopulation. Additionally, we also reviewed previous works assessing the effects of microglial depletion in the progression of Aβ and Tau pathologies, where controversial data are found, probably due to the heterogeneous and time-varying microglial phenotypes observed in AD. Despite that, microglial depletion represents a promising tool to assess microglial role in AD and design therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Romero-Molina
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Victoria Navarro
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria V. Sanchez-Mico
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
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45
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Duan RN, Yang CL, Du T, Liu A, Wang AR, Sun WJ, Li X, Li JX, Yan CZ, Liu QJ. Smek1 deficiency exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by activating proinflammatory microglia and suppressing the IDO1-AhR pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:145. [PMID: 34183017 PMCID: PMC8237434 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal disease model of multiple sclerosis (MS) that involves the immune system and central nervous system (CNS). However, it is unclear how genetic predispositions promote neuroinflammation in MS and EAE. Here, we investigated how partial loss-of-function of suppressor of MEK1 (SMEK1), a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 4, facilitates the onset of MS and EAE. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55) to establish the EAE model. Clinical signs were recorded and pathogenesis was investigated after immunization. CNS tissues were analyzed by immunostaining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Single-cell analysis was carried out in the cortices and hippocampus. Splenic and lymph node cells were evaluated with flow cytometry, qPCR, and western blot analysis. RESULTS Here, we showed that partial Smek1 deficiency caused more severe symptoms in the EAE model than in controls by activating myeloid cells and that Smek1 was required for maintaining immunosuppressive function by modulating the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1)-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. Single-cell sequencing and an in vitro study showed that Smek1-deficient microglia and macrophages were preactivated at steady state. After MOG35-55 immunization, microglia and macrophages underwent hyperactivation and produced increased IL-1β in Smek1-/+ mice at the peak stage. Moreover, dysfunction of the IDO1-AhR pathway resulted from the reduction of interferon γ (IFN-γ), enhanced antigen presentation ability, and inhibition of anti-inflammatory processes in Smek1-/+ EAE mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests a protective role of Smek1 in autoimmune demyelination pathogenesis via immune suppression and inflammation regulation in both the immune system and the central nervous system. Our findings provide an instructive basis for the roles of Smek1 in EAE and broaden the understanding of the genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelination.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Central Nervous System/physiopathology
- Cytokines
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microglia/immunology
- Microglia/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/immunology
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spleen/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Nan Duan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Zhu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ji Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Keshvari S, Caruso M, Teakle N, Batoon L, Sehgal A, Patkar OL, Ferrari-Cestari M, Snell CE, Chen C, Stevenson A, Davis FM, Bush SJ, Pridans C, Summers KM, Pettit AR, Irvine KM, Hume DA. CSF1R-dependent macrophages control postnatal somatic growth and organ maturation. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009605. [PMID: 34081701 PMCID: PMC8205168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous mutation of the Csf1r locus (Csf1rko) in mice, rats and humans leads to multiple postnatal developmental abnormalities. To enable analysis of the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic impacts of Csf1r mutation, we bred a rat Csf1rko allele to the inbred dark agouti (DA) genetic background and to a Csf1r-mApple reporter transgene. The Csf1rko led to almost complete loss of embryonic macrophages and ablation of most adult tissue macrophage populations. We extended previous analysis of the Csf1rko phenotype to early postnatal development to reveal impacts on musculoskeletal development and proliferation and morphogenesis in multiple organs. Expression profiling of 3-week old wild-type (WT) and Csf1rko livers identified 2760 differentially expressed genes associated with the loss of macrophages, severe hypoplasia, delayed hepatocyte maturation, disrupted lipid metabolism and the IGF1/IGF binding protein system. Older Csf1rko rats developed severe hepatic steatosis. Consistent with the developmental delay in the liver Csf1rko rats had greatly-reduced circulating IGF1. Transfer of WT bone marrow (BM) cells at weaning without conditioning repopulated resident macrophages in all organs, including microglia in the brain, and reversed the mutant phenotypes enabling long term survival and fertility. WT BM transfer restored osteoclasts, eliminated osteopetrosis, restored bone marrow cellularity and architecture and reversed granulocytosis and B cell deficiency. Csf1rko rats had an elevated circulating CSF1 concentration which was rapidly reduced to WT levels following BM transfer. However, CD43hi non-classical monocytes, absent in the Csf1rko, were not rescued and bone marrow progenitors remained unresponsive to CSF1. The results demonstrate that the Csf1rko phenotype is autonomous to BM-derived cells and indicate that BM contains a progenitor of tissue macrophages distinct from hematopoietic stem cells. The model provides a unique system in which to define the pathways of development of resident tissue macrophages and their local and systemic roles in growth and organ maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Melanie Caruso
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Ngari Teakle
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Omkar L. Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Michelle Ferrari-Cestari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Cameron E. Snell
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Alex Stevenson
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Felicity M. Davis
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Bush
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M. Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Allison R. Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Katharine M. Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- * E-mail: (KMI); (DAH)
| | - David A. Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- * E-mail: (KMI); (DAH)
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47
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Hume DA, Caruso M, Keshvari S, Patkar OL, Sehgal A, Bush SJ, Summers KM, Pridans C, Irvine KM. The Mononuclear Phagocyte System of the Rat. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2251-2263. [PMID: 33965905 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory rat continues to be the model of choice for many studies of physiology, behavior, and complex human diseases. Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS; monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) are abundant residents in every tissue in the body and regulate postnatal development, homeostasis, and innate and acquired immunity. Recruitment and proliferation of MPS cells is an essential component of both initiation and resolution of inflammation. The large majority of current knowledge of MPS biology is derived from studies of inbred mice, but advances in technology and resources have eliminated many of the advantages of the mouse as a model. In this article, we review the tools available and the current state of knowledge of development, homeostasis, regulation, and diversity within the MPS of the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Caruso
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Omkar L Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Bush
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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48
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Cheng B, Li X, Dai K, Duan S, Rong Z, Chen Y, Lü L, Liu Z, Huang X, Xu H, Zhang YW, Zheng H. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-2 (TREM2) Interacts With Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R) but Is Not Necessary for CSF1/CSF1R-Mediated Microglial Survival. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633796. [PMID: 33841415 PMCID: PMC8027073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) are crucial molecules for microgliopathy, which is characterized by microglia dysfunction and has recently been proposed as the neuropathological hallmark of neurological disorders. TREM2 and CSF1R are receptors expressed primarily in microglia in the brain and modulate microglial activation and survival. They are thought to be in close physical proximity. However, whether there is a direct interaction between these receptors remains elusive. Moreover, the physiological role and mechanism of the interaction of TREM2 and CSF1R remain to be determined. Here, we found that TREM2 interacted with CSF1R based on a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Additionally, we found that CSF1R knockdown significantly reduced the survival of primary microglia and increased the Trem2 mRNA level. In contrast, CSF1R expression was increased in Trem2-deficient microglia. Interestingly, administration of CSF1, the ligand of CSF1R, partially restored the survival of Trem2-deficient microglia in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, CSF1 ameliorated Aβ plaques deposition in Trem2 -/-; 5XFAD mouse brain. These findings provide solid evidence that TREM2 and CSF1R have intrinsic abilities to form complexes and mutually modulate their expression. These findings also indicate the potential role of CSF1 in therapeutic intervention in TREM2 variant-bearing patients with a high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengshun Duan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhouyi Rong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingmin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liangcheng Lü
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhaoji Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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49
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Berger T, Tang S, Tu L, Soto DA, Conley AJ, Nitta-Oda B. Changes in testicular gene expression following reduced estradiol synthesis: A complex pathway to increased porcine Sertoli cell proliferation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 523:111099. [PMID: 33271218 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Sertoli cell number including number present at puberty is increased if testicular estradiol synthesis is reduced during the neonatal interval. Evaluating the changes in gene expression during the crucial interval of suppressed estradiol that leads to the increased Sertoli cell population will increase our understanding of Sertoli cell biology but this evaluation first required a more precise determination of the critical interval for treatment and timing of a detectable response. Previously, reduced testicular estrogens from 1 week of age were accompanied by increased Sertoli cell number at 6.5 weeks of age but the age at which Sertoli cell numbers were initially increased was unknown, one of the current objectives. Additional experiments were designed to further delineate the essential timing of treatment for the Sertoli cell response. Finally, changes in gene expression induced by the reduced estradiol synthesis were evaluated to elucidate molecular mechanisms. Experimental design typically consisted of one member of littermate pairs of boars treated with the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, beginning at 1 week of age and the remaining member treated with canola oil vehicle. Weekly treatments continued through 5 weeks of age or tissue collection, whichever came first. Increases in Sertoli cell numbers were not detectable prior to 6.5 weeks of age and persistent treatment through 5 weeks of age was required to induce the increase in Sertoli cell numbers. This increase resulted from prolonging the first interval of Sertoli cell proliferation in the treated animals. Few genes exhibited dramatically altered transcription and similarities in pathway analysis or principal modified genes were quite limited in 2, 3, and 5-week-old boars. The critical timing and prolonged treatment required and the sequential changes in gene expression suggest a complex mechanism is involved in this model of increased proliferation of Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish Berger
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Simin Tang
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lien Tu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Delia Alba Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alan J Conley
- And Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Nitta-Oda
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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50
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Gu H, Wang B, He J, Hu Y. Macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): Immunoregulatory property, anti-infectious function, and interaction with MCSF receptor. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103920. [PMID: 33189746 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) is an essential growth factor to control the proliferation, differentiation and survival of the macrophage lineage in vertebrates. Sequences of MCSF have been identified in multiple teleost species, however, the functional investigations of MCSF were documented in only a few species. In this study, we examined the biological activity and the immunomodulatory property of a MCSF homologue, PoMCSF, from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Structural analysis showed that PoMCSF possesses conserved structural characteristics of MCSF proteins, including a signal peptide, a CSF-1 domain, and a transmembrane region closed to the C-terminal. Under normal physiological condition, PoMCSF expression distributes in all the examined tissues, the highest three tissues are blood, muscle, and head kidney. When infected by extracellular and intracellular bacterial pathogens and viral pathogen, the PoMCSF expression patterns vary with different types of microbial pathogens infection and different immune tissues. In vitro experiment showed recombinant PoMCSF promoted the activity of macrophage. In vivo experiment indicated that PoMCSF overexpression boosted the defensive ability of flounder against Edwardsiella piscicida, a severe fish pathogen that infects multiple species of economically important fish, and regulated the expression of multiple immune-related genes. To explore the relationship between PoMCSF and its receptor PoMCSFR, anti-PoMCSFR antibody was prepared and PoMCSFR knockdown was conducted. The neutralization assay showed that when PoMCSFR was neutralized by its antibody, the role of PoMCSF on host defense against E. piscicida was weakened. Knockdown of PoMCSFR impaired the phagocytic capacity of macrophages. Collectively, these findings suggest that PoMCSF plays a crucial role in the immune defense system of Japanese flounder and the effect of PoMCSF is dependent on PoMCSFR. This study provides new insights into the biological activity of MCSF and the relationship between MCSF and MCSFR in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjie Gu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jiaojiao He
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
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