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Gomes AS, Gélébart V, Félix RC, Cardoso JCR, Zimmermann F, Lai F, Power DM, Rønnestad I. Activation profile of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) calcium-sensing receptor (Casr) by selected L-amino acids. Sci Rep 2025; 15:13236. [PMID: 40247003 PMCID: PMC12006508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-97483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is involved in nutrient sensing and modulated by several amino acids. In teleosts, sequence homologues of the mammalian CaSR have been described but their function in sensing amino acids remains elusive, including in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), an important aquaculture species. This study investigated the activation of Atlantic salmon Casr (asCasr)-mediated signaling pathways-Gq, Gi, and ERK1/2-by six selected L-amino acids (histidine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine and valine) and by Ca2+. Using a Flp-In-HEK293 cell line stably expressing asCasr, we confirmed activation of all three pathways. L-histidine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tryptophan triggered Gi signaling independent of Ca²⁺. Notably, no Ca²⁺ concentrations induced Gi activation, but IP1 production increased in a concentration-dependent manner. L-histidine was the only amino acid to activate the Gq pathway without Ca²⁺, and this response was amplified by the presence of Ca²⁺. In the presence of 2.5 mM Ca²⁺, L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan also activated Gq signaling in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, in the presence of 10 mM Ca²⁺, L-histidine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tryptophan triggered ERK phosphorylation. These findings establish asCasr as a functional homologue of mammalian CaSR, activated in a concentration-dependent manner by L-amino acids with an aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Virginie Gélébart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rute C Félix
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C R Cardoso
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Floriana Lai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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2
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Khan SU, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Eduardo Del Río-Robles J, Tomás-Morales JA, Torres-Santos Y, Vázquez-Prado J, Reyes-Cruz G. Calcium sensing receptor stimulates breast cancer cell migration and invasion via protein kinase C ζ. Exp Cell Res 2025; 447:114523. [PMID: 40120711 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2025] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G protein-coupled receptor, is overexpressed in certain breast cancer tumors where it drives cell migration and secretion of chemotactic agonists, likely contributing to metastatic dissemination. Since CaSR activates breast cancer cell migration via the Gβγ-PI3K-mTORC2/Rac-1 pathway, we hypothesized that PKCζ and perhaps other protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, known as mTORC2-regulated effectors, are involved in migratory and invasive signaling elicited by CaSR. We analyzed the effect of PKC inhibitors and siRNAs which pointed to PKCζ as effector of CaSR in cell migration and invasion. In breast cancer phosphoproteomic CPTAC datasets, we identified a group of Luminal A subtype cancer patients having active PKCζ, according to its phosphorylation status at the turn motif. In addition, various phosphorylated RacGEFs, including TRIO, ARHGEF26, DOCK1 and DOCK7, clustered as phosphoproteins with active PKCζ. We therefore introduce atypical PKCζ as an effector component of the CaSR-Gβγ-PI3K-mTORC2 pathway in the activation of the promigratory small GTPase Rac. These results support ongoing initiatives to establish critical elements of the CaSR signaling pathway as potential targets in metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge Eduardo Del Río-Robles
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janik Adriana Tomás-Morales
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yazmin Torres-Santos
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Tian L, Andrews C, Yan Q, Yang JJ. Molecular regulation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-mediated signaling. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2024; 10:167-194. [PMID: 39027195 PMCID: PMC11252437 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a family C G-protein-coupled receptor, plays a crucial role in regulating calcium homeostasis by sensing small concentration changes of extracellular Ca2+, Mg2+, amino acids (e.g., L-Trp and L-Phe), small peptides, anions (e.g., HCO3 - and PO4 3-), and pH. CaSR-mediated intracellular Ca2+ signaling regulates a diverse set of cellular processes including gene transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, muscle contraction, and neuronal transmission. Dysfunction of CaSR with mutations results in diseases such as autosomal dominant hypocalcemia, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. CaSR also influences calciotropic disorders, such as osteoporosis, and noncalciotropic disorders, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. This study first reviews recent advances in biochemical and structural determination of the framework of CaSR and its interaction sites with natural ligands, as well as exogenous positive allosteric modulators and negative allosteric modulators. The establishment of the first CaSR protein-protein interactome network revealed 94 novel players involved in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, trafficking, cell surface expression, endocytosis, degradation, and signaling pathways. The roles of these proteins in Ca2+-dependent cellular physiological processes and in CaSR-dependent cellular signaling provide new insights into the molecular basis of diseases caused by CaSR mutations and dysregulated CaSR activity caused by its protein interactors and facilitate the design of therapeutic agents that target CaSR and other family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational Imaging FacilityGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Corey Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational Imaging FacilityGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Qiuyun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational Imaging FacilityGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jenny J. Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational Imaging FacilityGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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4
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Wu KC, Leong IL, Leung YM. Ca 2+-sensing receptor-TRP channel-mediated Ca 2+ signaling: Functional diversity and pharmacological complexity. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176717. [PMID: 38857682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by elevated concentrations of extracellular Ca2+, and was initially known for its regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) release. Ubiquitous expression of CaSR in different tissues and organs was later noted and CaSR participation in various physiological functions was demonstrated. Accumulating evidence has suggested that CaSR functionally interacts with transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are mostly non-selective cation channels involved in sensing temperature, pain and stress. This review describes the interactions of CaSR with TRP channels in diverse cell types to trigger a variety of biological responses. CaSR has been known to interact with different types of G proteins. Possible involvements of G proteins, other signaling and scaffolding protein intermediates in CaSR-TRP interaction are discussed. In addition, an attempt will be made to extend the current understanding of biased agonism of CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Iat-Lon Leong
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Isu UH, Badiee SA, Khodadadi E, Moradi M. Cholesterol in Class C GPCRs: Role, Relevance, and Localization. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:301. [PMID: 36984688 PMCID: PMC10056374 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the largest superfamilies of cell-surface receptors, are heptahelical integral membrane proteins that play critical roles in virtually every organ system. G-protein-coupled receptors operate in membranes rich in cholesterol, with an imbalance in cholesterol level within the vicinity of GPCR transmembrane domains affecting the structure and/or function of many GPCRs, a phenomenon that has been linked to several diseases. These effects of cholesterol could result in indirect changes by altering the mechanical properties of the lipid environment or direct changes by binding to specific sites on the protein. There are a number of studies and reviews on how cholesterol modulates class A GPCRs; however, this area of study is yet to be explored for class C GPCRs, which are characterized by a large extracellular region and often form constitutive dimers. This review highlights specific sites of interaction, functions, and structural dynamics involved in the cholesterol recognition of the class C GPCRs. We summarize recent data from some typical family members to explain the effects of membrane cholesterol on the structural features and functions of class C GPCRs and speculate on their corresponding therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Moradi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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6
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Jong YI, Harmon SK, O'Malley KL. GPCR
Signaling from Intracellular Membranes. GPCRS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS 2022:216-298. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119564782.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
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7
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Popov LD. Deciphering the relationship between caveolae-mediated intracellular transport and signalling events. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110399. [PMID: 35820545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The caveolae-mediated transport across polarized epithelial cell barriers has been largely deciphered in the last decades and is considered the second essential intracellular transfer mechanism, after the clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The basic cell biology knowledge was supplemented recently, with the molecular mechanisms beyond caveolae generation implying the key contribution of the lipid-binding proteins (the structural protein Caveolin and the adapter protein Cavin), along with the bulb coat stabilizing molecules PACSIN-2 and Eps15 homology domain protein-2. The current attention is focused also on caveolae architecture (such as the bulb coat, the neck, the membrane funnel inside the bulb, and the associated receptors), and their specific tasks during the intracellular transport of various cargoes. Here, we resume the present understanding of the assembly, detachment, and internalization of caveolae from the plasma membrane lipid raft domains, and give an updated view on transcytosis and endocytosis, the two itineraries of cargoes transport via caveolae. The review adds novel data on the signalling molecules regulating caveolae intracellular routes and on the transport dysregulation in diseases. The therapeutic possibilities offered by exploitation of Caveolin-1 expression and caveolae trafficking, and the urgent issues to be uncovered conclude the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia-Doina Popov
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
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8
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Crous A, Abrahamse H. The Signalling Effects of Photobiomodulation on Osteoblast Proliferation, Maturation and Differentiation: A Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1570-1589. [PMID: 33686595 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation of osteoblasts is essential for maturation and mineralization of bone matrix. Ossification, the natural phase of bone-forming and hardening is a carefully regulated phase where deregulation of this process may result in insufficient or excessive bone mineralization or ectopic calcification. Osteoblasts can also be differentiated into osteocytes, populating short interconnecting passages within the bone matrix. Over the past few decades, we have seen a significant improvement in awareness and techniques using photobiomodulation (PBM) to stimulate cell function. One of the applications of PBM is the promotion of osteoblast proliferation and maturation. PBM research results on osteoblasts showed increased mitochondrial ATP production, increased osteoblast activity and proliferation, increased and pro-osteoblast expression in the presence of red and NIR radiation. Osteocyte differentiation was also accomplished using blue and green light, showing that different light parameters have various signalling effects. The current review addresses osteoblast function and control, a new understanding of PBM on osteoblasts and its therapeutic impact using various parameters to optimize osteoblast function that may be clinically important. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anine Crous
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
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9
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Zuo S, Wang B, Liu J, Kong D, Cui H, Jia Y, Wang C, Xu X, Chen G, Wang Y, Yang L, Zhang K, Ai D, Du J, Shen Y, Yu Y. ER-anchored CRTH2 antagonizes collagen biosynthesis and organ fibrosis via binding LARP6. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107403. [PMID: 34223653 PMCID: PMC8365266 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, mainly collagen protein, is the hallmark of organ fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms regulating fibrotic protein biosynthesis are unclear. Here, we find that chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2), a plasma membrane receptor for prostaglandin D2, is trafficked to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in fibroblasts in a caveolin-1-dependent manner. ER-anchored CRTH2 binds the collagen mRNA recognition motif of La ribonucleoprotein domain family member 6 (LARP6) and promotes the degradation of collagen mRNA in these cells. In line, CRTH2 deficiency increases collagen biosynthesis in fibroblasts and exacerbates injury-induced organ fibrosis in mice, which can be rescued by LARP6 depletion. Administration of CRTH2 N-terminal peptide reduces collagen production by binding to LARP6. Similar to CRTH2, bumetanide binds the LARP6 mRNA recognition motif, suppresses collagen biosynthesis, and alleviates bleomycin-triggered pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. These findings reveal a novel anti-fibrotic function of CRTH2 in the ER membrane via the interaction with LARP6, which may represent a therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Zuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Bei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jiao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Deping Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hui Cui
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghai Tech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yaonan Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Chenyao Wang
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Xin Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Guilin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ding Ai
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yujun Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ying Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory BiologyCenter for Cardiovascular DiseasesKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of PharmacologyThe Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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10
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Mary A, Objois T, Brazier M, Bennis Y, Boudot C, Lenglet G, Paccou J, Bugnicourt JM, Choukroun G, Drueke TB, Massy ZA, Kamel S, Six I, Mentaverri R. Decreased monocyte calcium sensing receptor expression in patients with chronic kidney disease is associated with impaired monocyte ability to reduce vascular calcification. Kidney Int 2021; 99:1382-1391. [PMID: 33647324 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) expression and function have been extensively studied in parathyroid tissue and vascular tissues. To examine whether similar changes occurred in other tissues, we measured total and surface CaSR expression in monocytes of patients with various stages of CKD and healthy volunteers respectively in cross-sectional studies. We further explored in vitro the impact of uremic serum on CaSR expression in monocytes (U937 and THP-1 cell lines), and whether human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or U937 and THP-1 monocytes might modify vascular calcium deposition in rat carotid arteries in vitro. CKD was associated with a decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell CaSR expression both in total and at the monocyte surface alone (43% and 34%, respectively in CKD stages 4-5). This decrease was associated with a reduction in the ability of monocytes to inhibit vascular calcification in vitro. Pretreatment with the calcimimetic NPSR568 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with CKD significantly improved monocyte capacity to reduce carotid calcification in vitro. The fewer peripheral blood mononuclear cells expressing cell surface CaSR, the more calcimimetic treatment enhanced the decrease of carotid calcium content. Thus, we demonstrate that monocyte CaSR expression is decreased in patients with CKD and provide in vitro evidence for a potential role of this decrease in the promotion of vascular calcification. Hence, targeting this alteration or following monocyte CaSR expression as an accessible marker might represent a promising therapeutic strategy in CKD-associated arterial calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Mary
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Clinical Pharmacy Department, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.
| | - Thibaut Objois
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Michel Brazier
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Human Biology Centre, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Youssef Bennis
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Human Biology Centre, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Cédric Boudot
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Gaëlle Lenglet
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Julien Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, University Lille, Lille University Hospital, Research Unit 4490 MABLab, Lille, France; Rheumatology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Bugnicourt
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Gabriel Choukroun
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Nephrology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Tilman B Drueke
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1018, Research Centre in Epidemiology and Population Health, Team 5, Villejuif Hospital, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1018, Research Centre in Epidemiology and Population Health, Team 5, Villejuif Hospital, France; Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Paris-Ile-de-France-Ouest, Versailles, France
| | - Saïd Kamel
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Human Biology Centre, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Isabelle Six
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Romuald Mentaverri
- Research Unit 7517, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences of Cardiovascular Calcifications (MP3CV), University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Human Biology Centre, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
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11
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Germline Genetic Association between Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) and Clinical Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040287. [PMID: 33348924 PMCID: PMC7767290 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all cancers in women, breast cancer has the highest incidence. The mortality of breast cancer is highly associated with metastasis. Migration and malignant transformation of cancer cells have been reported to be modulated by store-operated calcium (SOC) channels, which control calcium signaling and cell proliferation pathways. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a calcium sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum, triggering the activation of store-operated calcium signaling. However, the clinical relevance of STIM1 in breast cancer is still unclear. Here, we recruited 348 breast cancer patients and conducted a genetic association study to address this question. Four tagging germline single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in STIM1 were selected and RNA sequencing data of 525 breast cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were evaluated. The results show that rs2304891 and rs3750996 were correlated with clinical stage of breast cancer. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis indicated that risk G allele of STIM1 contributed to the higher expression of STIM1. In addition, we found an increased risk of rs2304891 G allele and rs3750996 A allele in estrogen receptor (ER) positive and progesterone receptor (PR) positive patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that germline SNV, rs2304891 and rs3750996 as well as STIM1 expression are important biomarkers for the prediction of clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients.
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12
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Li F, Zhang X, Li H, Yang G, Xu C, Wei C. Spermine Protects Cardiomyocytes from High Glucose-Induced Energy Disturbance by Targeting the CaSR-gp78-Ubiquitin Proteasome System. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:73-85. [PMID: 32918657 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the mediation of spermine on energy metabolism disorder and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) development as well as the underlying mechanisms. METHODS An in vitro model of DCM was established by incubating primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with high glucose (HG). Spermine content was assessed by RP-HPLC. The protein levels were detected by western blot. Mitochondrial functions were analyzed using the respiratory chain complex assay kit and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The endogenous content of spermine was decreased in the HG group, and the protein levels of ornithine decarboxylase, respiratory chain complex (I-V), mitochondrial fusion-related protein (Mfn1, Mfn2), Cx43, N-cadherin, CaSR, and β-catenin (in cytomembrane) were also down-regulated by HG. In contrast, the protein levels of spermine-N1-acetyltransferase, gp78, Fis1, Drp1, and β-catenin were up-regulated by HG. Meanwhile, we observed that HG increased ubiquitination levels of Mfn1, Mfn2, and Cx43, decreased membrane potential (ΔΨm), and the opening of mitochondrial permeability transport pore (mPTP) followed by intracellular ATP leakage. The supplement of spermine or siRNA-mediated knockdown of gp78 significantly alleviated the detrimental effects of HG, while downregulation of CaSR aggravated the development of DCM. We further confirmed that the lower level of spermine by HG activates the gp78-ubiquitin-proteasome pathway via downregulation of CaSR protein level, which in turn damages mitochondrial gap junction intercellular communication and leads to reduced ATP level. CONCLUSION The protective role of spermine on energy metabolism disorder is based on higher CaSR protein level and lower gp78 activation, pointing to the possibility that spermine can be a target for the prevention and treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Fadong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Departemnt of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Can Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
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13
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Leach K, Hannan FM, Josephs TM, Keller AN, Møller TC, Ward DT, Kallay E, Mason RS, Thakker RV, Riccardi D, Conigrave AD, Bräuner-Osborne H. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CVIII. Calcium-Sensing Receptor Nomenclature, Pharmacology, and Function. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:558-604. [PMID: 32467152 PMCID: PMC7116503 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.018531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class C G protein-coupled receptor that responds to multiple endogenous agonists and allosteric modulators, including divalent and trivalent cations, L-amino acids, γ-glutamyl peptides, polyamines, polycationic peptides, and protons. The CaSR plays a critical role in extracellular calcium (Ca2+ o) homeostasis, as demonstrated by the many naturally occurring mutations in the CaSR or its signaling partners that cause Ca2+ o homeostasis disorders. However, CaSR tissue expression in mammals is broad and includes tissues unrelated to Ca2+ o homeostasis, in which it, for example, regulates the secretion of digestive hormones, airway constriction, cardiovascular effects, cellular differentiation, and proliferation. Thus, although the CaSR is targeted clinically by the positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) cinacalcet, evocalcet, and etelcalcetide in hyperparathyroidism, it is also a putative therapeutic target in diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The CaSR is somewhat unique in possessing multiple ligand binding sites, including at least five putative sites for the "orthosteric" agonist Ca2+ o, an allosteric site for endogenous L-amino acids, two further allosteric sites for small molecules and the peptide PAM, etelcalcetide, and additional sites for other cations and anions. The CaSR is promiscuous in its G protein-coupling preferences, and signals via Gq/11, Gi/o, potentially G12/13, and even Gs in some cell types. Not surprisingly, the CaSR is subject to biased agonism, in which distinct ligands preferentially stimulate a subset of the CaSR's possible signaling responses, to the exclusion of others. The CaSR thus serves as a model receptor to study natural bias and allostery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a complex G protein-coupled receptor that possesses multiple orthosteric and allosteric binding sites, is subject to biased signaling via several different G proteins, and has numerous (patho)physiological roles. Understanding the complexities of CaSR structure, function, and biology will aid future drug discovery efforts seeking to target this receptor for a diversity of diseases. This review summarizes what is known to date regarding key structural, pharmacological, and physiological features of the CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Fadil M Hannan
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Tracy M Josephs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Andrew N Keller
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Thor C Møller
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Donald T Ward
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Daniela Riccardi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Arthur D Conigrave
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (K.L., T.M.J., A.N.K.); Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health (F.M.H.) and Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine (F.M.H., R.V.T.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.C.M., H.B.-O.); Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (D.T.W.); Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.K.); Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute (R.S.M.) and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre (A.D.C.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (D.R.)
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14
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Liu C, Liu H, Luo Y, Lu T, Fu X, Cui S, Zhu S, Hou Y. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor promotes porcine egg activation via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:598-606. [PMID: 32017318 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular calcium is required for intracellular Ca2+ oscillations needed for egg activation, but the regulatory mechanism is still poorly understood. The present study was designed to demonstrate the function of calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), which could recognize extracellular calcium as first messenger, during porcine egg activation. CASR expression was markedly upregulated following egg activation. Functionally, the addition of CASR agonist NPS R-568 significantly enhanced pronuclear formation rate, while supplementation of CASR antagonist NPS2390 compromised egg activation. There was no change in NPS R-568 group compared with control group when the egg activation was performed without extracellular calcium addition. The addition of NPS2390 precluded the activation-dependent [Ca2+ ]i rise. When egg activation was conducted in intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM and NPS R-568 containing medium, CASR function was abolished. Meanwhile, CASR activation increased the level of the [Ca2+ ]i effector p-CAMKII, and the presence of KN-93, an inhibitor of CAMKII, significantly reduced the CASR-mediated increasement of pronuclear formation rate. Furthermore, the increase of CASR expression following activation was reversed by inhibiting CAMKII activity, supporting a positive feedback loop between CAMKII and CASR. Altogether, these findings provide a new pathway of egg activation about CASR, as the extracellular Ca2+ effector, promotes egg activation via its downstream effector and upstream regulator CAMKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huage Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shien Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Sensory Axon Growth Requires Spatiotemporal Integration of CaSR and TrkB Signaling. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5842-5860. [PMID: 31123102 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0027-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuit development involves the coordinated growth and guidance of axons. During this process, axons encounter many different cues, but how these cues are integrated and translated into growth is poorly understood. In this study, we report that receptor signaling does not follow a linear path but changes dependent on developmental stage and coreceptors involved. Using developing chicken embryos of both sexes, our data show that calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G-protein-coupled receptor important for regulating calcium homeostasis, regulates neurite growth in two distinct ways. First, when signaling in isolation, CaSR promotes growth through the PI3-kinase-Akt pathway. At later developmental stages, CaSR enhances tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)/BDNF-mediated neurite growth. This enhancement is facilitated through a switch in the signaling cascade downstream of CaSR (i.e., from the PI3-kinase-Akt pathway to activation of GSK3α Tyr279). TrkB and CaSR colocalize within late endosomes, cotraffic and coactivate GSK3, which serves as a shared signaling node for both receptors. Our study provides evidence that two unrelated receptors can integrate their individual signaling cascades toward a nonadditive effect and thus control neurite growth during development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work highlights the effect of receptor coactivation and signal integration in a developmental setting. During embryonic development, neurites grow toward their targets guided by cues in the extracellular environment. These cues are sensed by receptors at the surface that trigger intracellular signaling events modulating the cytoskeleton. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of guidance cues are diversified, therefore expanding the number of responses. Here, we show that two unrelated receptors can change the downstream signaling cascade and regulate neuronal growth through a shared signaling node. In addition to unraveling a novel signaling pathway in neurite growth, this research stresses the importance of receptor coactivation and signal integration during development of the nervous system.
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16
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Liu C, Liu Y, Larsen K, Hou YP, Callesen H. Calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) is involved in porcine in vitro fertilisation and early embryo development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:391-398. [PMID: 28712411 DOI: 10.1071/rd16338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that extracellular calcium is necessary in fertilisation and embryo development but the mechanism is still not well understood. The present study mainly focussed on the extracellular calcium effector called the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) and examined its expression in porcine gametes and embryos and its function during fertilisation and early embryo development. By using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, CASR was found to be expressed in porcine oocytes, spermatozoa and embryos at different developmental stages. Functionally, medium supplementation with a CASR agonist or an antagonist during in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) was tested. During fertilisation, the presence of a CASR agonist increased sperm penetration rate and decreased polyspermy rate leading to an increased normal fertilisation rate. During embryo development, for the IVF embryos, agonist treatment during IVC significantly increased cleavage rate and blastocyst formation rate compared with the control group. Furthermore, parthenogenetically activated embryos showed similar results with lower cleavage and blastocyst formation rates in the antagonist group than in the other groups. It was concluded that CASR, as the effector of extracellular calcium, modulates porcine fertilisation and early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - K Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Y P Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - H Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Jain RA, Wolman MA, Marsden KC, Nelson JC, Shoenhard H, Echeverry FA, Szi C, Bell H, Skinner J, Cobbs EN, Sawada K, Zamora AD, Pereda AE, Granato M. A Forward Genetic Screen in Zebrafish Identifies the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor CaSR as a Modulator of Sensorimotor Decision Making. Curr Biol 2018; 28:1357-1369.e5. [PMID: 29681477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Animals continuously integrate sensory information and select contextually appropriate responses. Here, we show that zebrafish larvae select a behavioral response to acoustic stimuli from a pre-existing choice repertoire in a context-dependent manner. We demonstrate that this sensorimotor choice is modulated by stimulus quality and history, as well as by neuromodulatory systems-all hallmarks of more complex decision making. Moreover, from a genetic screen coupled with whole-genome sequencing, we identified eight mutants with deficits in this sensorimotor choice, including mutants of the vertebrate-specific G-protein-coupled extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), whose function in the nervous system is not well understood. We demonstrate that CaSR promotes sensorimotor decision making acutely through Gαi/o and Gαq/11 signaling, modulated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Combined, our results identify the first set of genes critical for behavioral choice modulation in a vertebrate and reveal an unexpected critical role for CaSR in sensorimotor decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan A Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA.
| | - Marc A Wolman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt C Marsden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica C Nelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hannah Shoenhard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fabio A Echeverry
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christina Szi
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Hannah Bell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julianne Skinner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emilia N Cobbs
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Keisuke Sawada
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Amy D Zamora
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Alberto E Pereda
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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18
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Koh J, Hogue JA, Roman SA, Scheri RP, Fradin H, Corcoran DL, Sosa JA. Transcriptional profiling reveals distinct classes of parathyroid tumors in PHPT. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:407-420. [PMID: 29475894 PMCID: PMC5826637 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) varies widely, although the underlying mechanistic reasons for this disparity remain unknown. We recently reported that parathyroid tumors can be functionally segregated into two distinct groups on the basis of their relative responsiveness to ambient calcium, and that patients in these groups differ significantly in their likelihood of manifesting bone disability. To examine the molecular basis for this phenotypic variation in PHPT, we compared the global gene expression profiles of calcium-sensitive and calcium-resistant parathyroid tumors. RNAseq and proteomic analysis identified a candidate set of differentially expressed genes highly correlated with calcium-sensing capacity. Subsequent quantitative assessment of the expression levels of these genes in an independent cohort of parathyroid tumors confirmed that calcium-sensitive tumors cluster in a discrete transcriptional profile group. These data indicate that PHPT is not an etiologically monolithic disorder and suggest that divergent molecular mechanisms could drive the observed phenotypic differences in PHPT disease course, provenance, and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Koh
- Dept. of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center
- To whom reprint requests should be addressed: James Koh, Ph.D., Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, Phone: 919-684-0892, FAX: 919-681-6622,
| | - Joyce A. Hogue
- Dept. of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie A. Sosa
- Dept. of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Dept. of Medicine, Duke University
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center
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19
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Gerbino A, Colella M. The Different Facets of Extracellular Calcium Sensors: Old and New Concepts in Calcium-Sensing Receptor Signalling and Pharmacology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E999. [PMID: 29584660 PMCID: PMC5979557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current interest of the scientific community for research in the field of calcium sensing in general and on the calcium-sensing Receptor (CaR) in particular is demonstrated by the still increasing number of papers published on this topic. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor is the best-known G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) able to sense external Ca2+ changes. Widely recognized as a fundamental player in systemic Ca2+ homeostasis, the CaR is ubiquitously expressed in the human body where it activates multiple signalling pathways. In this review, old and new notions regarding the mechanisms by which extracellular Ca2+ microdomains are created and the tools available to measure them are analyzed. After a survey of the main signalling pathways triggered by the CaR, a special attention is reserved for the emerging concepts regarding CaR function in the heart, CaR trafficking and pharmacology. Finally, an overview on other Ca2+ sensors is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
| | - Matilde Colella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy.
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20
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Schreckenberg R, Schlüter KD. Calcium sensing receptor expression and signalling in cardiovascular physiology and disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 107:S1537-1891(17)30323-3. [PMID: 29514057 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Initially identified in the parathyroidea, the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is now recognized as an ubiquitously expressed receptor that exerts specific functions in multiple organs including the cardiovascular system. This review will focus on the role that CaSR plays in vascular and cardiac tissues. In the vasculature, CaSR is expressed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. CaSR of endothelial cells participates in part to the regulation of local perfusion by linkage of CaSR activation to endothelial hyperpolarization and nitric oxide release. CaSR of smooth muscle cells is involved in the control of proliferation. In the pulmonary vasculature, however, CaSR participates in the onset of pulmonary hypertension, making CaSR antagonism a therapeutic option in this case. In the heart, CaSR is expressed in cardiac fibroblasts and myoyctes, contributing to normal cardiac function and composition of extracellular matrix. More important, activation of CaSR may participate in the cardiac protective effects of ischaemic pre-conditioning. In conclusion, CaSR plays an important physiological role in many regulatory pathways of the cardiovascular system, but due to the complex interaction between various cardiovascular cells and cell-specific effects, use of activators or inhibitors of CaSR for treatment of specific disease forms is yet not on the way.
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21
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Yamanegi K, Yamada N, Nakasho K, Nishiura H. Participation of delta annexin A3 in the ribosomal protein S19 C-terminus-dependent inhibitory mechanism of the neutrophil C5a receptor through delta lactoferrin. Pathol Int 2017; 68:109-116. [PMID: 29288518 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although C5a receptor (C5aR) interacting with its agonist C5a promotes acute inflammation during the initiation phase, the roles of the recycling C5aR during the resolution phase are still unclear. We found that C5aR interacted with its antagonist/agonist ribosomal protein S19 (RP S19) polymer or a RP S19 polymer functional analogue S-tagged C5a/RP S19, which connects an RP S19 C-terminus (IAGQVAAANKKH) to the S-tagged C5a C-terminus, promoted acute inflammation at the resolution phase via an activation of the apoptosis-inducing transcription factor delta lactoferrin (δLf) in neutrophils and the membrane mobilizing factor full-length annexin A3 (ANXA3) in macrophages. To confirm the antagonistic system of the recycling C5aR, S-tagged δLf-coupled BrCN-activated Sepharose 4B beads were incubated with cytoplasmic proteins and identified a neutrophil-specific δANXA3 via pull-down experiments. The S-tagged C5a/RP S19-induced agonistic functions in macrophage-like cells that were differentiated from human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate were suppressed by δLf and δANXA3 co-overexpression. δANXA3 seems to participate in the antagonistic system of the neutrophil C5aR involving IAGQVAAANKKH and δLf. Most likely, δANXA3 works as antagonist for the recycling C5aR on neutrophils during the resolution phase of acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamanegi
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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22
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Koh J, Hogue JA, Sosa JA. Live-Cell Visualization of Calcium Flux in Vibratome-Cut Thick Sections of Viable Tumor Tissue. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CELL BIOLOGY 2017; 77:4.34.1-4.34.16. [PMID: 29227550 DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This unit outlines a live-cell imaging approach developed for visualization of intracellular calcium flux in human parathyroid tumors following stimulation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), a class C G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). The primary assay readout, intracellular calcium release induced by activation of the inositol triphosphate receptor, is potentially generalizable to multiple other GPCR signaling events that utilize this common downstream signal transduction pathway. Advantages of the approach include: (1) preservation of native tissue context and positional information, allowing direct visualization of intratumoral functional heterogeneity; (2) quantitative documentation of reactivity to a physiological stimulus in an experimentally tractable ex vivo system; and (3) generation of a dynamic, functional classifier of tumor biochemical behavior to augment static marker assessment. The technical steps are performed in three sequential phases: (1) viable tissue sectioning; (2) fluorophore loading and tissue immobilization; and (3) live-cell confocal microscopy. This versatile method provides a straightforward platform for functional characterization of human tumors. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Koh
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joyce A Hogue
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Julie A Sosa
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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23
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Pillar N, Pleniceanu O, Fang M, Ziv L, Lahav E, Botchan S, Cheng L, Dekel B, Shomron N. A rare variant in the FHL1 gene associated with X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism. Hum Genet 2017; 136:835-845. [PMID: 28444561 PMCID: PMC5487855 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isolated familial hypoparathyroidism is an extremely rare disorder, which to date has been linked to several loci including mutations in CASR, GCM2, and PTH, as well as a rare condition defined as X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism, previously associated with a 1.5 Mb region on Xq26-q27. Here, we report a patient with hypocalcemia-induced seizures leading to the diagnosis of primary hypoparathyroidism. Mutations in CASR, GCM2, and PTH were ruled out, while whole exome sequencing of the family suggested FHL1, located on chromosome Xq26, as the most likely causative gene variant (FHL1, exon 4, c.C283T, p.R95W). Since FHL1 has not been linked to calcium regulation before, we provide evidence for its functional role in hypoparathyroidism by: (i) bioinformatics analysis coupling its action to known modulators of PTH function; (ii) observing strong expression of fhl1b in Corpuscles of Stannius, gland-like aggregates in zebrafish that function in calcium regulation similar to mammalian PTH; and (iii) implicating fhl1b and FHL1 as regulators of calcium homeostasis in zebrafish and human cells, respectively. Altogether, our data suggest that FHL1 is a novel regulator of calcium homeostasis and implicate it as the causative gene for X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Pillar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Pleniceanu
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute & Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond & Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Limor Ziv
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Einat Lahav
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute & Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond & Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shay Botchan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Benjamin Dekel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute & Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond & Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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24
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Colella M, Gerbino A, Hofer AM, Curci S. Recent advances in understanding the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 27803801 PMCID: PMC5074356 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8963.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR), a ubiquitous class C G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is responsible for the control of calcium homeostasis in body fluids. It integrates information about external Ca
2+ and a surfeit of other endogenous ligands into multiple intracellular signals, but how is this achieved? This review will focus on some of the exciting concepts in CaR signaling and pharmacology that have emerged in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Colella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari , Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari , Bari, Italy
| | - Aldebaran M Hofer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Silvana Curci
- Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
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25
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de Freitas LF, Hamblin MR. Proposed Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation or Low-Level Light Therapy. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2016; 22:7000417. [PMID: 28070154 PMCID: PMC5215870 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2016.2561201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low-level laser (or light) therapy (LLLT), has been known for almost 50 years but still has not gained widespread acceptance, largely due to uncertainty about the molecular, cellular, and tissular mechanisms of action. However, in recent years, much knowledge has been gained in this area, which will be summarized in this review. One of the most important chromophores is cytochrome c oxidase (unit IV in the mitochondrial respiratory chain), which contains both heme and copper centers and absorbs light into the near-infra-red region. The leading hypothesis is that the photons dissociate inhibitory nitric oxide from the enzyme, leading to an increase in electron transport, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. Another hypothesis concerns light-sensitive ion channels that can be activated allowing calcium to enter the cell. After the initial photon absorption events, numerous signaling pathways are activated via reactive oxygen species, cyclic AMP, NO and Ca2+, leading to activation of transcription factors. These transcription factors can lead to increased expression of genes related to protein synthesis, cell migration and proliferation, anti-inflammatory signaling, anti-apoptotic proteins, antioxidant enzymes. Stem cells and progenitor cells appear to be particularly susceptible to LLLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Freitas de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação
Interunidades Bioengenharia, University of São Paulo, São Carlos -
SP, Brazil
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology,
Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Correspondence: Michael R Hamblin,
; Tel 1-617-726-6182
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26
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Tang H, Yamamura A, Yamamura H, Song S, Fraidenburg DR, Chen J, Gu Y, Pohl NM, Zhou T, Jiménez-Pérez L, Ayon RJ, Desai AA, Goltzman D, Rischard F, Khalpey Z, Black SM, Garcia JGN, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Pathogenic role of calcium-sensing receptors in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L846-59. [PMID: 26968768 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00050.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and a critical stimulation for PASMC proliferation and migration. Previously, we demonstrated that expression and function of calcium sensing receptors (CaSR) in PASMC from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) were greater than in PASMC from normal subjects and control animals. However, the mechanisms by which CaSR triggers Ca(2+) influx in PASMC and the implication of CaSR in the development of PH remain elusive. Here, we report that CaSR functionally interacts with TRPC6 to regulate [Ca(2+)]cyt in PASMC. Downregulation of CaSR or TRPC6 with siRNA inhibited Ca(2+)-induced [Ca(2+)]cyt increase in IPAH-PASMC (in which CaSR is upregulated), whereas overexpression of CaSR or TRPC6 enhanced Ca(2+)-induced [Ca(2+)]cyt increase in normal PASMC (in which CaSR expression level is low). The upregulated CaSR in IPAH-PASMC was also associated with enhanced Akt phosphorylation, whereas blockade of CaSR in IPAH-PASMC attenuated cell proliferation. In in vivo experiments, deletion of the CaSR gene in mice (casr(-/-)) significantly inhibited the development and progression of experimental PH and markedly attenuated acute hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. These data indicate that functional interaction of upregulated CaSR and upregulated TRPC6 in PASMC from IPAH patients and animals with experimental PH may play an important role in the development and progression of sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Blockade or downregulation of CaSR and/or TRPC6 with siRNA or miRNA may be a novel therapeutic strategy to develop new drugs for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Aya Yamamura
- Kinjo Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; and
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Dustin R Fraidenburg
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yali Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Nicole M Pohl
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | | | - Ramon J Ayon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Franz Rischard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Zain Khalpey
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephan M Black
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Jason X J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
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