1
|
Carlsson JA, Löfgren M, Amini A. Identity verification of monoclonal antibodies by triple injection capillary zone electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400092. [PMID: 38819776 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents an approach based on triple injection capillary zone electrophoresis for identification of monoclonal antibodies. The analyte to be identified is injected between two zones of a known reference. The distances between the reference zones (plug I and III) and the target zone (plug II) are adjusted by partial electrophoresis of the first and second injection plugs. The full migration time of the target analyte is calculated from the observed migration time by considering the migration times of the reference in the first and third injection plugs. The relative migration time, that is, the ratio between the full migration time of the analyte and the migration time of the reference in the third injection plug provides the basis for identification. Here, eight monoclonal antibodies, including a pair of biosimilars, were used interchangeably as both analyte and reference to investigate potential of the method. The relative migration time for a preliminary positive identification were found to vary between 0.994 and 1.006 (1.000 ± 0.006, p = 95%). Beside the relative migration time, isoform distribution, peak profiles, and early migrating peaks, originating from components in the pharmaceutical formulations, were successfully used to verify the identity of all tested monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmad Amini
- Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Long W, You M, Li J, Wang Y, Wang D, Tao X, Rao L, Xia Z, Fu Q. Sulfonic Functionalized Polydopamine Coatings with pH-Independent Surface Charge for Optimizing Capillary Electrophoretic Separations. Molecules 2024; 29:1600. [PMID: 38611879 PMCID: PMC11013714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the pH-independence and controlling the magnitude of electroosmotic flow (EOF) are critical for highly efficient and reproducible capillary electrophoresis (CE) separations. Herein, we present a novel capillary modification method utilizing sulfonated periodate-induced polydopamine (SPD) coating to achieve pH-independent and highly reproducible cathodic EOF in CE. The SPD-coated capillaries were obtained through post-sulfonation treatment of periodate-induced PDA (PDA-SP) coatings adhered on the capillary inner surface. The successful immobilization of the SPD coating and the substantial grafting of sulfonic acid groups were confirmed by a series of characterization techniques. The excellent capability of PDA-SP@capillary in masking silanol groups and maintaining a highly robust EOF mobility was verified. Additionally, the parameters of sulfonation affecting the EOF mobilities were thoroughly examined. The obtained optimum SPD-coated column offered the anticipated highly pH-independent and high-strength cathodic EOF, which is essential for enhancing the CE separation performance and improving analysis efficiency. Consequently, the developed SPD-coated capillaries enabled successful high-efficiency separation of aromatic acids and nucleosides and rapid cyclodextrin-based chiral analysis of racemic drugs. Moreover, the SPD-coated columns exhibited a long lifetime and demonstrated good intra-day, inter-day, and column-to-column repeatability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Long
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mingyue You
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jieli Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xueping Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Li Rao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qifeng Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roca S, Leclercq L, Cottet H. Size-based characterization of dendrigraft poly(L-lysine) by free solution capillary electrophoresis using polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464719. [PMID: 38340458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Dendrigraft poly(L-lysine) (DGL) constitutes a promising dendritic-like drug vehicle with high biocompatibility and straightforward access via ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride in water. The characterization of the different generations of DGL is however challenging due to their heterogeneity in molar mass and branching ratio. In this work, free solution capillary electrophoresis was used to perform selective separation of the three first generations of DGL, and optimized conditions were developed to maximize inter-generation resolution. To reduce solute adsorption on the capillary wall, successive multiple ionic polymer layer coatings terminated with a polycation were deposited onto the inner wall surface. PEGylated polycation was also used as the last layer for the control of the electroosmotic flow (EOF), depending on the PEGylation degree and the methyl-polyethylene glycol (mPEG) chain length. 1 kDa mPEG chains and low grafting densities were found to be the best experimental conditions for a fine tuning of the EOF leading to high peak resolution. Molar mass polydispersity and polydispersity in effective electrophoretic mobility were successfully determined for the three first generations of DGL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Roca
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Hervé Cottet
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuncová A, Svoboda J, Tůma J, Asnin L, Schug K, Kohout M. Chiral zwitterionic stationary phases based on Cinchona alkaloids and dipeptides - design, synthesis and application in chiral separation. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1717:464664. [PMID: 38271770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Chiral resolution of polar organic compounds such as amino acids and peptides represents an important chromatographic task due to increasing significance of natural species, which play important signaling and regulatory roles in the living organisms. Despite the number of available chiral stationary phases, this task remains challenging, since not many of the commercially available systems are capable to resolve non-derivatized zwitterionic species. In this study, we present a target-oriented design of a new class of chiral selectors. Pursuing the goal to separate amino acids, and especially short peptides, we have combined Cinchona alkaloids - quinine and quinidine - with three different biogenic dipeptides. We have synthesized six different chiral stationary phases, with selector loading of ∼200 μmol g-1, and tested their chiral recognition capabilities for acidic, basic and zwitterionic analytes using various mobile phases. We have observed that all chiral stationary phases retain the chiral anion exchange capability known for commercially available Cinchona-based columns leading to baseline or partial resolution of six out of ten analytes. The performance in chiral resolution of basic analytes is not optimum due to the weak cation exchange character of the peptidic residue. However, we report on encouraging results in the chiral resolution of short peptides, for which, depending on their structure, we see the chiral resolution of up to three stereoisomers (from four possible) in a preliminary screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anežka Kuncová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Svoboda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tůma
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Leonid Asnin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky Al, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Kevin Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, UT Arlington, 700 Planetarium PI, TX 760 19, Arlington, United States
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Porpiglia NM, Tagliaro I, Pellegrini B, Alessi A, Tagliaro F, Russo L, Cadamuro F, Musile G, Antonini C, Bertini S. Chitosan derivatives as dynamic coatings for transferrin glycoform separation in capillary electrophoresis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127888. [PMID: 37926319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan and its derivatives are interesting biopolymers for different field of analytical chemistry, especially in separation techniques. The present study was aimed at testing chitosan water soluble derivatives as dynamic coating agents for application to capillary electrophoresis. In particular, chitosan was modified following three different chemical reactions (nucleophilic substitution, reductive amination, and condensation) to introduce differences in charge and steric hindrance, and to assess the effect of these physico-chemical properties in capillary electrophoresis. The effects were tested on the capillary electrophoretic separation of the glycoforms of human transferrin, an important iron-transporting serum protein, one of which, namely disialo-transferrin (CDT), is a biomarker of alcohol abuse. Chitosan derivatives were characterized by using NMR and 1H NMR, HP-SEC-TDA, DLS, and rheology. The use of these compounds as dynamic coatings in the electrolyte running buffer in capillary electrophoresis was tested assessing the peak resolution of the main glycoforms of human transferrin and particularly of disialo-transferrin. The results showed distinct changes of the peak resolution produced by the different derivatives. The best results in terms of peak resolution were achieved using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified chitosan, which, in comparison to a reference analytical approach, provided an almost baseline resolution of disialo-transferrin from the adjacent peaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Maria Porpiglia
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, VR, Italy.
| | - Irene Tagliaro
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Pellegrini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Carbohydrate Science Department, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Arianna Alessi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Carbohydrate Science Department, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Franco Tagliaro
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, VR, Italy; Institute Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Laura Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy; CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H92 W2TY, Ireland.
| | - Francesca Cadamuro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy.
| | - Giacomo Musile
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, VR, Italy.
| | - Carlo Antonini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Bertini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, Carbohydrate Science Department, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andrasi M, Vishwakarma G, Szabo R, Nagy C, Gaspar A. Comparative study on the deamidation of three recombinant human insulins using capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464286. [PMID: 37573758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) for the separation of different recombinant human insulins and their deamidated isoforms was studied. The high resolving power of CZE is demonstrated by its ability to separate insulin isoforms differing only by 0.984 Da (different-fold deamidated forms) and even components having the exacts same mass but slightly different shapes (same-fold deamidated forms). From among the several insulins available, humulin, glargine and glulisine were selected for our study because their sequences and chemical parameters are quite similar, however, the small differences present in their amino acid sequences influence the deamidation processes. Using a background electrolyte with basic pH was favourable not only for the separation of the different types of insulin but also for the separation of deamidated protein forms even in a bare fused silica capillary. The LOD values ranged between 0.6 - 0.93 mg/L and 2.17 - 4.37 mg/L for UV and ESI-MS detection, respectively. At -20 - -80 °C, the deamidation is minimal, but at temperatures above +5 °C deamidation is accelerated. At +5 °C only 1-fold deamidation forms could be observed for each insulin. Acidified samples incubated for 1-month at room temperature showed varying levels of deamidation: 1-fold, 1-2-fold and 1-2-3-fold forms for glargine, glulisine and humulin, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Andrasi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - G Vishwakarma
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - R Szabo
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - C Nagy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - A Gaspar
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Modifying last layer in polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings for capillary electrophoresis of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463837. [PMID: 36804799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein adsorption on the inner wall of the fused silica capillary wall is an important concern for capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis since it is mainly responsible for separation efficiency reduction. Successive Multiple Ionic-polymer Layers (SMIL) are used as capillary coatings to limit protein adsorption, but even low residual adsorption strongly impacts the separation efficiency, especially at high separation voltages. In this work, the influence of the chemical nature and the PEGylation of the polyelectrolyte deposited in the last layer of the SMIL coating was investigated on the separation performances of a mixture of four model intact proteins (myoglobin (Myo), trypsin inhibitor (TI), ribonuclease a (RNAse A) and lysozyme (Lyz)). Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), polyethyleneimine (PEI), ε-poly(L-lysine) (εPLL) and α-poly(L-lysine) (αPLL) were compared before and after chemical modification with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) of different chain lengths. The experimental results obtained by performing electrophoretic separations at different separation voltages allowed determining the residual retention factor of the proteins onto the capillary wall via the determination of the plate height at different solute velocities and demonstrated a strong impact of the polycationic last layer on the electroosmotic mobility, the separation efficiency and the overall resolution. Properties of SMIL coatings were also characterized by quartz microbalance and atomic force microscopy, demonstrating a glassy structure of the films.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dhellemmes L, Leclercq L, Höchsmann A, Neusüß C, Biron JP, Roca S, Cottet H. Critical parameters for highly efficient and reproducible polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings for protein separation by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1695:463912. [PMID: 36972664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of polyelectrolyte multilayers to protein separation in capillary electrophoresis (CE), some progress has been made to improve separation efficiency by varying different parameters, such as buffer ionic strength and pH, polyelectrolyte nature and number of deposited layers. However, CE is often overlooked as it lacks robustness compared to other separation techniques. In this work, critical parameters for the construction of efficient and reproducible Successive multiple ionic-polymer layers (SMIL) coatings were investigated, focusing on experimental conditions, such as vial preparation and sample conservation which were shown to have a significant impact on separation performances. In addition to repeatability, intra- and inter-capillary precision were assessed, demonstrating the improved capability of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) / poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (PDADMAC / PSS) coated capillaries to separate model proteins in a 2 M acetic acid background electrolyte when all the correct precautions are put in place (with run to run%RSD(tm) < 1.8%, day to day%RSD(tm) < 3.2% and cap to cap%RSD(tm) < 4.6%). The approach recently introduced to calculate retention factors was used to quantify residual protein adsorption onto the capillary wall and to assess capillary coating performances. 5-layer PDADAMAC / PSS coatings led to average retention factors for the five model proteins of ∼4×10-2. These values suggest a relatively low residual protein adsorption leading to reasonably flat plate height vs linear velocity curves, obtained by performing electrophoretic separations at different electrical voltages (-10 to -25 kV).
Collapse
|
9
|
Hajba L, Jeong S, Chung DS, Guttman A. Capillary Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins: Historical overview and recent advances. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
|
10
|
Kašička V. Peptide mapping of proteins by capillary electromigration methods. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:4245-4279. [PMID: 36200755 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides a wide overview of important developments and applications of capillary electromigration methods in the area of peptide mapping of proteins in the period 1997-mid-2022, including review articles on this topic. It deals with all major aspects of peptide mapping by capillary electromigration methods: i) precleavage sample preparation involving purification, preconcentration, denaturation, reduction and alkylation of protein(s) to be analyzed, ii) generation of peptide fragments by off-line or on-line enzymatic and/or chemical cleavage of protein(s), iii) postcleavage preparation of the generated peptide mixture for capillary electromigration separation, iv) separation of the complex peptide mixtures by one-, two- and multidimensional capillary electromigration methods coupled with mass spectrometry detection, and v) a large application of peptide mapping for variable purposes, such as qualitative analysis of monoclonal antibodies and other protein biopharmaceuticals, monitoring of posttranslational modifications, determination of primary structure and investigation of function of proteins in biochemical and clinical research, characterization of proteins of variable origin as well as for protein and peptide identification in proteomic and peptidomic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Electromigration Methods, The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stutz H. Advances and applications of electromigration methods in the analysis of therapeutic and diagnostic recombinant proteins – A Review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 222:115089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Nsanzamahoro S, Wang CB, Wang WF, Yang JL. Screening of prolyl hydroxylase 2 inhibitors based on quantitative strategy of peptides. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463411. [PMID: 35973337 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a key oxygen receptor regulating oxygen homeostasis in human body, and it is one of the important targets for drug research and development of hypoxia related diseases. In PHD2 enzymatic reaction, the structure of substrate (HIF-1α556-574) and product (hydroxylated HIF-1α) peptide only differ from one oxygen atom (MW>2000), which makes it a great challenge to separate them accurately and efficiently. In this work, the direct separation and detection of HIF-1α and hydroxylated HIF-1α has been firstly reported based on micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Under optimized conditions, the intraday RSD of peak area and apparent electrophoretic mobility of hydroxylated HIF-1α were 1.87% and 0.81% respectively, and the interday RSD were 2.01% and 1.03% respectively. The LOD and LOQ of the MEKC method were 10 µM and 50 µM respectively, and the recoveries was 98.42-105.38%. Subsequently, the feasibility and accuracy of MEKC method to screen PHD2 inhibitors were confirmed by using roxadustat, and the IC50 (10.36 µM) and inhibitor type (competitive) were consistent with literature. Finally, the method was used to screen the PHD2 inhibitory activity of five traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). The present work not only overcomes the difficulties of direct quantitative detection of hydroxylated HIF-1α, but also provides technical support for exploring and discovering new drug leads for hypoxia-related diseases from complex matrix such as TCMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Stanislas Nsanzamahoro
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhimwal R, Rustandi RR, Payne A, Dawod M. Recent advances in capillary gel electrophoresis for the analysis of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
14
|
He N, Li Z, Hu C, Chen Z. In situ synthesis of a spherical covalent organic framework as a stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:610-616. [PMID: 36105161 PMCID: PMC9463497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a novel type of crystalline porous organic polymer materials recently developed. It has several advantages in chromatographic separation field, such as high thermal stability, porosity, structural regularity, and large specific surface area. Here, a novel spherical COF 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) and 2,5-bis(2-propyn-1-yloxy)-1,4-benzenedicarboxaldehyde (BPTA) was developed as an electrochromatographic stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography separation. The COF TAPB-BPTA modified capillary column was fabricated via a facile in situ growth method at room temperature. The characterization results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that COF TAPB-BPTA were successfully modified onto the capillary inner surface. The electrochromatography separation performance of the COF TAPB-BPTA modified capillary was investigated. The prepared column demonstrated outstanding separation performance toward alkylbenzenes, phenols, and chlorobenzenes compounds. Furthermore, the baseline separations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and parabens with good efficiency and high resolution were achieved. Also, the prepared column possessed satisfactory precision of the intra-day runs (n = 5), inter-day runs (n = 3), and parallel columns (n = 3), and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention times of tested alkylbenzenes were all less than 2.58%. Thus, this new COF-based stationary phase shows tremendous application potential in chromatographic separation field. COF TAPB–BPTA was studied as OT-CEC stationary phase. In situ, room-temperature growth method was quite facile and efficient. Excellent separation performances toward various hydrophobic compounds. The maximum column efficiency was 1.78 × 105 plates/m. Reproducibility and stability were found to be satisfactory.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li M, Wang Y, He K, Wang Y. Determination of pepsin by capillary electrophoresis using mixed polymer coated capillary with switchable properties towards protein adsorption/desorption. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1960-1970. [PMID: 35352869 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a simple on-line preconcentration method for quantitative detection of pepsin was realized by using the binary mixed polymer brushes coated capillary with switchable properties towards protein adsorption. Firstly, the binary mixed polymer brushes were prepared by grafting poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) onto the inner wall of the capillary through polydopamine anchor. Then the coatings were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and electroosmotic flow measurement. The results indicated that the composition of coating could be controlled by varying the feed ratio of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) to poly(4-vinylpyridine) and the inner surface charge could be tuned toward the change of pH and ionic strength. The results showed when poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)/poly(4-vinylpyridine) mass ratio was 80/20, the highest on-line preconcentration effect was obtained and the sensitivity enhancement factor was 6.3. Moreover, satisfactory sensitivity (limit of detection: 7.5 ng/mL) and good repeatability were obtained with on-line preconcentration method. The polymer coated capillary was still stable for on-line preconcentration and detection of pepsin after 50 consecutive runs. Lastly, the proposed method was used successfully to on-line preconcentrate pepsin in saliva matrix. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roca S, Dhellemmes L, Leclercq L, Cottet H. Polyelectrolyte Multilayers in Capillary Electrophoresis. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200028. [PMID: 35388990 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been proven to be a performant analytical method to analyze both small and macro molecules. Indeed, it is capable of separating compounds of the same nature according to differences in their charge to size ratios, particularly proteins, monoclonal antibodies and peptides. However, one of the major obstacles to reach high separation efficiency remains the adsorption of solutes on the capillary wall. Among the different coating approaches used to control and minimize solute adsorption, polyelectrolyte multilayers can be applied to CE as a versatile approach. These coatings are made up of alternating layers of polycations and polyanions, and may be used in acidic, neutral or basic conditions depending on the solutes to be analyzed. This Review provides an overview of Successive Multiple Ionic-polymer Layer (SMIL) coatings used in CE, looking at how different parameters induce variations on the electro-osmotic flow (EOF), separation efficiency and coating stability, as well as their promising applications in the biopharmaceutical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Roca
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Dhellemmes
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Cottet
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang M, Gong Q, Liu W, Tan S, Xiao J, Chen C. Applications of capillary electrophoresis in the fields of environmental, pharmaceutical, clinical and food analysis (2019-2021). J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1918-1941. [PMID: 35325510 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
So far, the potential of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in the application fields has been increasingly excavated due to the advantages of simple operation, short analysis time, high-resolution, less sample consumption and low cost. This review examines the implementations and advancements of CE in different application fields (environmental, pharmaceutical, clinical and food analysis) covering the literature from 2019 to 2021. In addition, ultrasmall sample injection volume (nanoliter range) and short optical path lead to relatively low concentration sensitivity of the most frequently used UV-absorption spectrophotometric detection, so the pretreatment technology being developed has been gradually utilized to overcome this problem. Despite the review is focused on the development of CE in the fields of environmental, pharmaceutical, clinical and food analysis, the new sample pretreatment techniques of microextraction and enrichment which fit excellently to CE in recent three years are also described briefly. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Qian Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital/ The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Wenfang Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang J, Zhang Y, Tao C, Li S, You Q, Zhang D, Li Z, Yamaguchi Y. Separation of proteins by square-wave pulsed field and inversion field capillary electrophoresis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Capillary Gel Electrophoresis with Native Fluorescence Detection for Analysis of Therapeutic Proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 213:114689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Studying protein structure and function by native separation–mass spectrometry. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:215-231. [PMID: 37117432 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in protein structure may have profound effects on biological function. Analytical techniques that permit characterization of proteins while maintaining their conformational and functional state are crucial for studying changes in the higher order structure of proteins and for establishing structure-function relationships. Coupling of native protein separations with mass spectrometry is emerging rapidly as a powerful approach to study these aspects in a reliable, fast and straightforward way. This Review presents the available native separation modes for proteins, covers practical considerations on the hyphenation of these separations with mass spectrometry and highlights the involvement of affinity-based separations to simultaneously obtain structural and functional information of proteins. The impact of these approaches is emphasized by selected applications addressing biomedical and biopharmaceutical research questions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Applications of capillary electromigration methods for separation and analysis of proteins (2017–mid 2021) – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
22
|
Malburet C, Leclercq L, Cotte JF, Thiebaud J, Cottet H. Separation of three strains of polio virus by capillary zone electrophoresis and study of their interaction with aluminum oxyhydroxide. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1667:462838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
23
|
Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2019-mid 2021). Electrophoresis 2021; 43:82-108. [PMID: 34632606 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The review provides a comprehensive overview of developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) for analysis, microscale isolation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides from 2019 up to approximately the middle of 2021. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis, such as sample preparation, sorption suppression, EOF control, and detection, are presented. New developments in the individual CE and CEC methods are demonstrated and several types of their applications are shown. They include qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatic reactions and physicochemical changes, amino acid, sequence, and chiral analyses, and peptide mapping of proteins. In addition, micropreparative separations and determination of significant physicochemical parameters of peptides by CE and CEC methods are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shimazaki Y, Yabu S. Characterization of enzymatic activity of lysozyme in lysozyme–ovotransferrin complex before and after treatment with trypsin. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youji Shimazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering (Science) Ehime University Matsuyama Japan
- Faculty of Science Ehime University Matsuyama Japan
| | - Shunta Yabu
- Faculty of Science Ehime University Matsuyama Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Šolínová V, Sázelová P, Mášová A, Jiráček J, Kašička V. Application of Capillary and Free-Flow Zone Electrophoresis for Analysis and Purification of Antimicrobial β-Alanyl-Tyrosine from Hemolymph of Fleshfly Neobellieria bullata. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185636. [PMID: 34577107 PMCID: PMC8469924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of a growing resistance of bacteria and other microorganisms to conventional antibiotics gave rise to a search for new potent antimicrobial agents. Insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seem to be promising novel potential anti-infective therapeutics. The dipeptide β-alanyl-tyrosine (β-Ala-Tyr) is one of the endogenous insect toxins exhibiting antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Prior to testing its other antimicrobial activities, it has to be prepared in a pure form. In this study, we have developed a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for analysis of β-Ala-Tyr isolated from the extract of the hemolymph of larvae of the fleshfly Neobellieria bullata by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Based on our previously described correlation between CZE and free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE), analytical CZE separation of β-Ala-Tyr and its admixtures have been converted into preparative purification of β-Ala-Tyr by FFZE with preparative capacity of 45.5 mg per hour. The high purity degree of the β-Ala-Tyr obtained by FFZE fractionation was confirmed by its subsequent CZE analysis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hamidli N, Andrasi M, Nagy C, Gaspar A. Analysis of intact proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to mass spectromery using uncoated and coated capillaries. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462448. [PMID: 34392123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although, in general, the application of coated capillaries is recommended for the separation of intact proteins, bare silica capillary is still the most often used capillary due to its simplicity and cheapness. In this work, the performance of bare fused silica capillary for intact protein analysis was compared to that of different (dynamically coated polybrene (PB) and permanently coated linear polyacrylamide (LPA)) coated capillaries using capillary zone electrophoresis - mass spectrometry (CZE-MS). In cases where low pH (pH=1.8) was used in bare silica capillaries, good precision (0.56-0.78 RSD% and 1.7-6.5 RSD% for migration times and peak areas, respectively), minimal adsorption and separation efficiency (N= 27 000/m - 322 000/m) similar to or even better than those obtained with the coated capillaries (created by an intricate multi-step process) was achieved. The PB and the LPA capillaries demonstrated their slightly better resolving power in terms of separating the different forms/variants of the same protein (e.g., hemoglobin subunits). Among the studied capillaries the one with LPA coating showed the most stable separations in the long term (n=25: 0.18-0.49 RSD% and 3.1-4.9 RSD% for migration times and peak areas, respectively). For the separation of a few proteins or even a larger number of proteins in biological samples (e.g., snake venom) the application of the simple and cheap bare fused silica capillary can be considered as an efficient choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Hamidli
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - M Andrasi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - C Nagy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - A Gaspar
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Samarasinghe TN, Zeng Y, Johnson CK. Microchip Electrophoresis Assay for Calmodulin Binding Proteins. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:895-902. [PMID: 34321981 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The calcium signaling protein calmodulin regulates numerous intracellular processes. We introduce a sensitive microchip assay to separate and detect calmodulin binding proteins. The assay utilizes an optimized microchip electrophoresis protein separation platform with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Fluorescence-labeled calmodulin modified with a photoreactive diazirine crosslinker allowed selective detection of calmodulin binding proteins. We demonstrate successful in-vitro crosslinking of calmodulin with two calmodulin binding proteins, calcineurin and nitric oxide synthase. We compare the efficacy of commonly applied electrophoretic separation modes: microchip capillary zone electrophoresis, microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography/gel electrophoresis, and nanoparticle colloidal arrays. Out of the methods tested, polydymethylsiloxane/glass chips with microchip zone electrophoresis gave the poorest separation, whereas sieving methods in which electro-osmotic flow was suppressed gave the best separation of photoproducts of calmodulin conjugated with calmodulin binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Carey K Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Y, Li M, Hu F, Wang Y. Online preconcentration of lysozyme in hen egg white using responsive polymer coating in CE. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3477-3488. [PMID: 34255416 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A mixed polymer brushes material based on poly (2-methyl-2-oxazoline)- and poly (acrylic acid)-coated capillary with switchable protein adsorption/desorption properties was applied for online preconcentration of lysozyme in hen egg white during capillary electrophoresis performance. First, lysozyme in simulated egg white was successfully online preconcentrated and the detection signal of lysozyme was amplified. Ovalbumin, ovomucoid, and conalbumin in egg white were verified show negligible interference on the online preconcentration of lysozyme according to the study on electroosmotic flow mobility. Second, a series validation procedure was carried out to evaluate the proposed method performance. There was a good linearity behavior range from 0.1 to 5.0 ng/mL, limit of detection was 20 pg/mL, and limit of quantity was 50 pg/mL, the accuracy and robustness of this method were also excellent. Last, the proposed method has been successfully used to detect and analyze lysozyme in hen egg white, the determined amounts of lysozyme in hen egg white were consistent with reported normal levels and recoveries were in the range of 96.0-99.2%. After 75 consecutive runs, this prepared capillary was still stable for online preconcentration and determination of lysozyme in hen egg white without being affected by complex matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Mengqin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Fei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Afzal M, Park J, Jeon JS, Akmal M, Yoon TS, Sung HJ. Acoustofluidic Separation of Proteins Using Aptamer-Functionalized Microparticles. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8309-8317. [PMID: 34075739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose an acoustofluidic method for the triseparation of proteins conjugated with aptamer-coated microparticles inside a microchannel. Traveling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs) produced from a slanted-finger interdigital transducer (SFIT) are used to separate the protein-loaded microparticles of different sizes via the TSAW-driven acoustic radiation force (ARF). The acoustofluidic device consists of an SFIT deposited onto a piezoelectric lithium niobate substrate and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel on top of the substrate. The TSAWs propagating on the substrate penetrate into the sample fluid flow, where the human protein-conjugated microparticles are suspended, inside the PDMS microchannel. The microparticles are subjected to the TSAW-driven ARF with varying magnitude depending on their size and thus flow along different streamlines, leading to triseparation of the proteins. In this work, we used two different-sized streptavidin-functionalized polystyrene (PS) microparticles to capture two kinds of aptamers (apt15 and aptD17.4), which were labeled with a respective biotin molecule at one end. The biotin ends of the aptamers were attached to the microparticles through streptavidin-biotin linkage, whereas the free ends of the aptamers were used to capture their target proteins of thrombin (th) and immunoglobulin E (IgE). The resultant PS-apt15-th and PS-aptD17.4-IgE complexes, as well as mCardinal2, were used for experimental demonstration of acoustofluidic triseparation of the human proteins. We achieved simultaneous separation of proteins of three kinds (th, IgE, and mCardinal2) for the first time via the TSAW-driven ARF in the proposed acoustofluidic device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jessie S Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Muhammad Akmal
- Department of Materials Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Yoon
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vitorino R, Guedes S, da Costa JP, Kašička V. Microfluidics for Peptidomics, Proteomics, and Cell Analysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1118. [PMID: 33925983 PMCID: PMC8145566 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics is the advanced microtechnology of fluid manipulation in channels with at least one dimension in the range of 1-100 microns. Microfluidic technology offers a growing number of tools for manipulating small volumes of fluid to control chemical, biological, and physical processes relevant to separation, analysis, and detection. Currently, microfluidic devices play an important role in many biological, chemical, physical, biotechnological and engineering applications. There are numerous ways to fabricate the necessary microchannels and integrate them into microfluidic platforms. In peptidomics and proteomics, microfluidics is often used in combination with mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. This review provides an overview of using microfluidic systems for peptidomics, proteomics and cell analysis. The application of microfluidics in combination with MS detection and other novel techniques to answer clinical questions is also discussed in the context of disease diagnosis and therapy. Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip (electro)separation methods in proteomic and peptidomic analysis are summarized. The state of the art of microchip platforms for cell sorting and single-cell analysis is also discussed. Advances in detection methods are reported, and new applications in proteomics and peptidomics, quality control of peptide and protein pharmaceuticals, analysis of proteins and peptides in biomatrices and determination of their physicochemical parameters are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Vitorino
- UnIC, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4785-999 Porto, Portugal
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 00351234 Aveiro, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 00351234 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Sofia Guedes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 00351234 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - João Pinto da Costa
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 00351234 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemigovo n. 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies by Capillary Electrophoresis: Sample Preparation, Separation, and Detection. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are dominating the biopharmaceutical field due to the fact of their high specificity in the treatment of diverse diseases. Nevertheless, mAbs are very complex glycoproteins exhibiting several macro- and microheterogeneities that may affect their safety, quality, and efficacy. This complexity is very challenging for mAbs development, formulation, and quality control. To tackle the quality issue, a combination of multiple analytical approaches is necessary. In this perspective, capillary electrophoresis has gained considerable interest over the last decade due to the fact of its complementary features to chromatographic approaches. This review provides an overview of the strategies of mAbs and derivatives analysis by capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to ultraviolet, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry detection. The main sample preparation approaches used for mAb analytical characterization (i.e., intact, middle-up/down, and bottom-up) are detailed. The different electrophoretic modes used as well as integrated analysis approaches (sample preparation and separation) are critically discussed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Xing J, Wang F, Cong H, Wang S, Shen Y, Yu B. Analysis of proteins and chiral drugs based on vancomycin covalent capillary electrophoretic coating. Analyst 2020; 146:1320-1325. [PMID: 33367313 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02018d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Vancomycin is an amphoteric glycopeptide molecule, and its group diversity and chiral active sites provide a potential basis for its application in chromatographic analysis. In this article, using photosensitive diazo resin (DR) as the coupling agent, vancomycin is modified on the inner wall of the capillary to construct a capillary coating separation system. The highlight of the coated capillary is that it has both anti-protein adsorption and chiral separation properties. Compared with the bare capillary or non-covalently bonded DR/vancomycin-coated capillary, it can not only achieve the separation of four mixed proteins of lysozyme (Lys), bovine serum albumin (BSA), myoglobin (Mb), and ribonuclease A (RNase A), but also shows excellent performance in chiral drugs. The coated capillary effectively solves the problems of low efficiency of the separation column and high sample loss and provides ideas for the development of coated capillaries in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xing
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Samarasinghe TN, Zeng Y, Johnson CK. Comparison of separation modes for microchip electrophoresis of proteins. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:744-751. [PMID: 33226183 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Separation of a set of model proteins was tested on a microchip electrophoresis analytical platform capable of sample injection by two different electrokinetic mechanisms. A range of separation modes-microchip capillary zone electrophoresis, microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and nanoparticle-based sieving-was tested on glass and polydimethylsiloxane/glass microchips and with silica-nanoparticle colloidal arrays. The model proteins calmodulin (18 kiloDalton), bovine serum albumin (66 kDa), and concanavalin (106 kDa) were labeled with Alexa Fluor 647 for laser-induced fluorescence detection. The best separation and resolution were obtained in a silica-nanoparticle colloidal array chip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Carey K Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pryshchepa O, Pomastowski P, Buszewski B. Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, investigation techniques, and properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102246. [PMID: 32977142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The unique silver properties, especially in the form of nanoparticles (NPs), allow to utilize them in numerous applications. For instance, Ag NPs can be utilized for the production of electronic and solar energy harvesting devices, in advanced analytical techniques (NALDI, SERS), catalysis and photocatalysis. Moreover, the Ag NPs can be useful in medicine for bioimaging, biosensing as well as in antibacterial and anticancer therapies. The Ag NPs utilization requires comprehensive knowledge about their features regarding the synthesis approaches as well as exploitation conditions. Unfortunately, a large number of scientific articles provide only restricted information according to the objects under investigation. Additionally, the results could be affected by artifacts introduced with exploited equipment, the utilized technique or sample preparation stages. However, it is rather difficult to get information about problems, which may occur during the studies. Thus, the review provides information about novel trends in the Ag NPs synthesis, among which the physical, chemical, and biological approaches can be found. Basic information about approaches for the control of critical parameters of NPs, i.e. size and shape, was also revealed. It was shown, that the reducing agent, stabilizer, the synthesis environment, including trace ions, have a direct impact on the Ag NPs properties. Further, the capabilities of modern analytical techniques for Ag NPs and nanocomposites investigations were shown, among other microscopic (optical, TEM, SEM, STEM, AFM), spectroscopic (UV-Vis, IR, Raman, NMR, electron spectroscopy, XRD), spectrometric (MALDI-TOF MS, SIMS, ICP-MS), and separation (CE, FFF, gel electrophoresis) techniques were described. The limitations and possible artifacts of the techniques were mentioned. A large number of presented techniques is a distinguishing feature, which makes the review different from others. Finally, the physicochemical and biological properties of Ag NPs were demonstrated. It was shown, that Ag NPs features are dependent on their basic parameters, such as size, shape, chemical composition, etc. At the end of the review, the modern theories of the Ag NPs toxic mechanism were shown in a way that has never been presented before. The review should be helpful for scientists in their own studies, as it can help to prepare experiments more carefully.
Collapse
|
35
|
Advantages and Pitfalls of Capillary Electrophoresis of Pharmaceutical Compounds and Their Enantiomers in Complex Samples: Comparison of Hydrodynamically Opened and Closed Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186852. [PMID: 32961980 PMCID: PMC7555747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several research disciplines require fast, reliable and highly automated determination of pharmaceutically active compounds and their enantiomers in complex biological matrices. To address some of the challenges of Capillary Electrophoresis (CE), such as low concentration sensitivity and performance degradation linked to the adsorption and interference of matrix components, CE in a hydrodynamically closed system was evaluated using the model compounds Pindolol and Propranolol. Some established validation parameters such as repeatability of injection efficiency, resolution and sensitivity were used to assess its performance, and it was found to be broadly identical to that of hydrodynamically opened systems. While some reduction in separation efficiency was observed, this was mainly due to dispersion caused by injection and it had no impact on the ability to resolve enantiomers of model compounds even when spiked into complex biological matrix such as blood serum. An approximately 18- to 23-fold increase in concentration sensitivity due to the employment of wide bore capillaries was observed. This brings the sensitivity of CE to a level similar to that of liquid chromatography techniques. In addition to this benefit and unlike in hydrodynamically opened systems, suppression of electroosmotic flow, which is essential for hydrodynamically closed systems practically eliminates the matrix effects that are linked to protein adsorption.
Collapse
|
36
|
Li X, Shi X, Qin X, Yu L, Zhou Y, Rao C. Interlaboratory method validation of imaged capillary isoelectric focusing methodology for analysis of recombinant human erythropoietin. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3836-3843. [PMID: 32678383 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00823k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is one of the most important biopharmaceuticals worldwide, with global sales expected to reach US$11.9 billion in 2020. The charge heterogeneity of rhEPO must be monitored throughout the entire production process. Imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) is a promising method for monitoring rhEPO charge heterogeneity, but it must be validated according to the ICH guideline (International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use). Here, a multi-laboratory joint method validation of the icIEF method for rhEPO analysis was performed according to the ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline on Analysis Procedure. This guideline includes specificity, precision, accuracy, linearity, range, LOQ and robustness, whereby precision is defined by the repeatability, intermediate precision and reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Michalusová I, Sázelová P, Cejnar P, Kučková Š, Hynek R, Kašička V. Capillary electrophoretic profiling of in-bone tryptic digests of proteins as a potential tool for the detection of inflammatory states in oral surgery. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3949-3959. [PMID: 32779841 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The commonly used histological assessment of pathological states of alveolar bone tissues in oral surgery needs laborious and time-consuming processing by an experienced histologist. Therefore, a simpler and faster methodology is required in this field. Following this demand, this paper reports a straightforward approach using the tryptic cleavage of proteins directly in bone without its demineralization, followed by the capillary electrophoresis-ultraviolet detection profiling of the yielded protein digest. Cleavage-derived peptides were separated by capillary electrophoresis in acidic background electrolytes, pH 2.01-2.54. The best resolution of peptide fragments with the highest peak capacity was achieved in the background electrolyte composed of 55 mM H3 PO4 , 14 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan, pH 2.01. The differences in the obtained capillary electrophoresis-ultraviolet detection profiles with characteristic patterns for particular bone samples were subsequently discriminated by linear discriminant analysis over principal components. This approach was first verified on porcine bone tissues as model samples; jawbone and calf bone tissues could be discriminated with an accuracy of 100%. Subsequently, the method was capable of differentiating unequivocally between human healthy and inflammatory alveolar bone tissues obtained from oral surgery. This procedure seems to be promising as complement or even an alternative to the traditional histological discrimination between healthy and inflammatory bone tissues in oral surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Michalusová
- First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Sázelová
- Department of Electromigration Methods, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Cejnar
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpánka Kučková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Hynek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Department of Electromigration Methods, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Andrasi M, Pajaziti B, Sipos B, Nagy C, Hamidli N, Gaspar A. Determination of deamidated isoforms of human insulin using capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
39
|
Leclercq L, Renard C, Martin M, Cottet H. Quantification of Adsorption and Optimization of Separation of Proteins in Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10743-10750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Leclercq
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Charly Renard
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Michel Martin
- PMMH, CNRS, ESPCI Paris − PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | - Hervé Cottet
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Piestansky J, Barath P, Majerova P, Galba J, Mikus P, Kovacech B, Kovac A. A simple and rapid LC-MS/MS and CE-MS/MS analytical strategy for the determination of therapeutic peptides in modern immunotherapeutics and biopharmaceutics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113449. [PMID: 32622303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Modern therapy of metabolic, neurodegenerative, inflammation, or cancer diseases is recently based on an immunotherapeutic approach. The peptide conjugates represent innovative and effective therapeutics that are better tolerated and are much more specific than small molecule-based medicines. The nature and manufacturing process of these therapeutics make their analysis very challenging. Here, two robust analytical methods based on an on-line combination of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and capillary electrophoresis with tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) were developed for fast determination of immunogenic synthetic peptide (peptide sequence CADNLHKVVGQST) in a conjugate with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein and is a peptide, conjugate formulated with a vaccine adjuvant - Alhydrogel® 2 %. An effective non-enzymatic release step of the peptide from the final peptide conjugate based on acid hydrolysis with the use of 2% formic acid was successfully tested and implemented. The proposed methods were validated according to the ICH guideline and parameters such as linearity, precision, and accuracy, the limit of detection (LOD) or limit of quantification (LOQ) were assessed. Calibration curves were linear within the range of 1-30 μg.mL-1 and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.99. The intraday and interday precisions were 3.2-8.1 % (UHPLC-MS/MS), 1.6-9.3 % (CE-MS/MS) and 3.6-10.3 % (UHPLC-MS/MS), 4.1-10.2 % (CE-MS/MS), respectively. The recovery ranged in the interval of 98.4-107.4 % for UHPLC-MS/MS method and 100.3-103.2 % for CE-MS/MS method. The presented approaches represent an effective tool for simple, rapid and robust quantification of immunogens in modern immunotherapeutics and other biopharmaceuticals with appropriate peptide sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Piestansky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Peter Barath
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Galba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Branislav Kovacech
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schmailzl J, Vorage MW, Stutz H. Intact and middle-down CIEF of commercial therapeutic monoclonal antibody products under non-denaturing conditions. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1109-1117. [PMID: 32250465 PMCID: PMC7317833 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A two‐step CIEF with chemical mobilization was developed for charge profiling of the therapeutic mAb rituximab under non‐denaturing separation conditions. CIEF of the intact mAb was combined with a middle‐down approach analyzing Fc/2 and F(ab´)2 fragments after digest with a commercial cysteine protease (IdeS). CIEF methods were optimized separately for the intact mAb and its fragments due to their divergent pIs. Best resolution was achieved by combining Pharmalyte (PL) 8–10.5 with PL 3–10 for variants of intact rituximab and of F(ab´)2 fragments, respectively, whereas PL 6.7–7.7 in combination with PL 3–10 was used for Fc/2 variants. Charge heterogeneity in Fc/2 dominates over F(ab´)2. In addition, a copy product of rituximab, and adalimumab were analyzed. Both mAbs contain additional alkaline C‐terminal lysine variants as confirmed by digest with carboxypeptidase B. The optimized CIEF methods for intact mAb and Fc/2 were tested for their potential as platform approaches for these mAbs. The CIEF method for Fc/2 was slightly adapted in this process. The pI values for major intact mAb variants were determined by adjacent pI markers resulting in 9.29 (rituximab) and 8.42 (adalimumab). In total, seven to eight charge variants could be distinguished for intact adalimumab and rituximab, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel W Vorage
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hanno Stutz
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools in the Characterization of Biosimilars, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Alexovič M, Urban PL, Tabani H, Sabo J. Recent advances in robotic protein sample preparation for clinical analysis and other biomedical applications. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:104-116. [PMID: 32305536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of new protein biomarker candidates has become a major research goal in the areas of clinical chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biomedicine. These important species constitute the molecular target when it comes to diagnosis, prognosis, and further monitoring of disease. However, their analysis requires powerful, selective and high-throughput sample preparation and product (analyte) characterisation approaches. In general, manual sample processing is tedious, complex and time-consuming, especially when large numbers of samples have to be processed (e.g., in clinical studies). Automation via microtiter-plate platforms involving robotics has brought improvements in high-throughput performance while comparable or even better precisions and repeatability (intra-day, inter-day) were achieved. At the same time, waste production and exposure of laboratory personnel to hazards were reduced. In comprehensive protein analysis workflows (e.g., liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis), sample preparation is an unavoidable step. This review surveys the recent achievements in automation of bottom-up and top-down protein and/or proteomics approaches. Emphasis is put on high-end multi-well plate robotic platforms developed for clinical analysis and other biomedical applications. The literature from 2013 to date has been covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, 04011 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jia Y, Cao J, Zhou J, Zhou P. Methyl chitosan coating for glycoform analysis of glycoproteins by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:729-734. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Jinping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pero-Gascon R, Tascon M, Sanz-Nebot V, Gagliardi LG, Benavente F. Improving separation optimization in capillary electrophoresis by using a general quality criterion. Talanta 2020; 208:120399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
45
|
Kravchenko A, Kolobova E, Kartsova L. Multifunction covalent coatings for separation of amino acids, biogenic amines, steroid hormones, and ketoprofen enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kravchenko
- Saint Petersburg State UniversityInstitute of Chemistry 26 Universitetskii prospect St. Petersburg Peterhof 198504 Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kolobova
- Saint Petersburg State UniversityInstitute of Chemistry 26 Universitetskii prospect St. Petersburg Peterhof 198504 Russia
- The Federal State Institute of Public Health ‘The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine’The Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil DefenceEmergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters 54, Optikov st. St. Petersburg 197082 Russia
| | - Liudmila Kartsova
- Saint Petersburg State UniversityInstitute of Chemistry 26 Universitetskii prospect St. Petersburg Peterhof 198504 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Le Basle Y, Chennell P, Tokhadze N, Astier A, Sautou V. Physicochemical Stability of Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:169-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
47
|
Ramos Y, González A, Sosa‐Acosta P, Perez‐Riverol Y, García Y, Castellanos‐Serra L, Gil J, Sánchez A, González LJ, Besada V. Sodium dodecyl sulfate free gel electrophoresis/electroelution sorting for peptide fractionation. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3712-3717. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yassel Ramos
- Department of ProteomicsCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
| | - Annia González
- Department of ProteomicsCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
| | - Patricia Sosa‐Acosta
- Department of ProteomicsCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
| | - Yasset Perez‐Riverol
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Yairet García
- Department of ProteomicsCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
| | | | - Jeovanis Gil
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical CentreDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringLund University, Lund Lund Sweden
| | - Aniel Sánchez
- Section for Clinical ChemistryDepartment of Translational MedicineLund UniversitySkåne University Hospital Malmö Malmö Sweden
| | - Luis J. González
- Department of ProteomicsCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Department of ProteomicsCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology La Habana Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Boublík M, Riesová M, Hruška V, Šteflová J. Online preconcentration of weak electrolytes at the pH boundary induced by a system zone in capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1085:126-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
49
|
Capillary isoelectric focusing with free or immobilized pH gradient in silica particles packed column. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:230-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
50
|
Renard C, Leclercq L, Stocco A, Cottet H. Superhydrophobic capillary coatings: Elaboration, characterization and application to electrophoretic separations. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:361-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|