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Nano-Encapsulated Antioxidant: Retinoic Acid as a Natural Mucosal Adjuvant for Intranasal Immunization against Chronic Experimental Toxoplasmosis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8020106. [PMID: 36828522 PMCID: PMC9962073 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tight relationship between immunity and retinoid levels provides evidence on the critical role of retinoic acid (RA) in regulating immune activity, especially the mucosal one. Mucosal immune response is the key for determination of the outcome of infection, particularly against intracellular mucosal pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii, where it plays a crucial role as a sentinel against parasite invasion. Herein, the immunomodulatory adjuvant role of RA was evaluated for prophylactic vaccination against chronic Toxoplasma infection. A quantity of 15 µg of RA pre-encapsulated with lipid-based nanoparticles (SLNs) was intranasally used in three doses, two weeks apart, as an adjuvant to the Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA). Afterward, mice were infected with 20 cysts of T. gondii (ME49 strain) and were sacrificed at the 4th week post-infection. Parasitological, immunological, biochemical, and histopathological studies were applied as vaccine efficacy measures. The protective role of the tested vaccine was noted using the statistically marked reduction in brain cyst count, accompanied by remarkable levels of protective IFN-γ and antibodies, with amelioration of infection-induced oxidative stress and brain pathology. Ultimately, this experiment outlined the prospective role of a novel, natural, nano-encapsulated and mucosal vaccine adjuvant RA-SLNs as a propitious candidate against chronic toxoplasmosis.
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Said DE, Amer EI, Sheta E, Makled S, Diab HE, Arafa FM. Nano-Encapsulated Melatonin: A Promising Mucosal Adjuvant in Intranasal Immunization against Chronic Experimental T. gondii Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120401. [PMID: 36548656 PMCID: PMC9785012 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is now emerging as one of the universally accepted immunostimulators with broad applications in medicine. It is a biological manipulator of the immune system, including mucosal ones. MLT was encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), then 100 mg/kg/dose of MLT-SLNs was used as an adjuvant of Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA). Experimental mice were intra-nasally inoculated with three doses of different regimens every two weeks, then challenged with 20 cysts of T. gondii Me49 strain, where they were sacrificed four weeks post-infection. Protective vaccine efficacy was evident via the significant brain cyst count reduction of 58.6%, together with remarkably high levels of humoral systemic and mucosal anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (Ig G, Ig A), supported by a reduced tachyzoites invasion of Vero cells in vitro upon incubation with sera obtained from these vaccinated mice. A cellular immune response was evident through the induction of significant levels of interferon-gamma (IFN γ), associated with morphological deteriorations of cysts harvested from the brains of vaccinated mice. Furthermore, the amelioration of infection-induced oxidative stress (OS) and histopathological changes were evident in mice immunized with TLA/MLT-SLNs. In conclusion, the present study highlighted the promising role of intranasal MLT-SLNs as a novel mucosal adjuvant candidate against chronic toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa E. Said
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
| | - Eglal I. Amer
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Makled
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Hala E. Diab
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Fadwa M. Arafa
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5424041, Egypt
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Differential Immune Response Following Intranasal and Intradermal Infection with Francisella tularensis: Implications for Vaccine Development. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050973. [PMID: 33946283 PMCID: PMC8145380 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis (Ft) is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular coccobacillus that is the etiological agent of tularemia. Interestingly, the disease tularemia has variable clinical presentations that are dependent upon the route of infection with Ft. Two of the most likely routes of Ft infection include intranasal and intradermal, which result in pneumonic and ulceroglandular tularemia, respectively. While there are several differences between these two forms of tularemia, the most notable disparity is between mortality rates: the mortality rate following pneumonic tularemia is over ten times that of the ulceroglandular disease. Understanding the differences between intradermal and intranasal Ft infections is important not only for clinical diagnoses and treatment but also for the development of a safe and effective vaccine. However, the immune correlates of protection against Ft, especially within the context of infection by disparate routes, are not yet fully understood. Recent advances in different animal models have revealed new insights in the complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune responses, indicating dissimilar patterns in both responses following infection with Ft via different routes. Further investigation of these differences will be crucial to predicting disease outcomes and inducing protective immunity via vaccination or natural infection.
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Kang HJ, Chu KB, Kim MJ, Lee SH, Park H, Jin H, Moon EK, Quan FS. Protective immunity induced by CpG ODN-adjuvanted virus-like particles containing Toxoplasma gondii proteins. Parasite Immunol 2020; 43:e12799. [PMID: 33058167 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To date, a Toxoplasma gondii vaccine for clinical use remains unavailable, though multiple vaccine candidates have been suggested. In our previous studies, unadjuvanted virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccines expressing multiple T. gondii antigens were confirmed to be protective against T. gondii challenge infection. Yet, the protective efficacy of adjuvanted T. gondii VLP in comparison with the unadjuvanted counterpart requires elucidation. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, mice were immunized with the multi-antigenic VLP vaccines (TG146 VLP) with or without CpG adjuvants and their protective efficacies were compared. CpG-adjuvanted TG146 VLP vaccine elicited enhanced T gondii-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in the sera, mucosal tissue and the brain compared to unadjuvanted VLPs vaccine. Inclusion of CpG adjuvant in vaccines also induced greater CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, as well as B cell and germinal centre B cell responses from splenocytes and mesenteric lymph nodes. Pro-inflammatory cytokine response and cyst counts in the brain were drastically diminished in mice immunized with CpG-adjuvanted VLP vaccines. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that CpG-adjuvanted T. gondii VLPs can significantly enhance the protective efficacy of vaccines against T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ji Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Back Chu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hui Jin
- Health Park Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Moon
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Hanafiah M, Helmi TZ, Sutriana A, Priyowidodo D, Fihiruddin F. Cloning and expression of Toxoplasma gondii GRA-4 recombinant protein as a toxoplasmosis diagnostic kit candidate. Vet World 2020; 13:2085-2091. [PMID: 33281340 PMCID: PMC7704308 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2085-2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to produce recombinant protein GRA-4 (rGRA-4) of a local Toxoplasma gondii isolate as a candidate for a toxoplasmosis diagnosis kit in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells using pET SUMO plasmid. Materials and Methods: Samples used were stock T. gondii tachyzoites DNA from the Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Amplified GRA-4 polymerase chain reaction product of T. gondii tachyzoite DNA was cloned in the pET-SUMO TAR cloning vector. The GRA-4 gene from T. gondii local isolate was sequenced, followed by plasmid transformation, recombinant plasmid DNA isolation, and recombinant protein expression in DE3 competent cells. Results: The amplification product of GRA-4T. gondii gene was 1036 bp, with 48 kDa molecular weight after expression in DE3 competent cells. An alignment of the amino acid sequence of GRA-4 from the local isolate which was cloned with GRA-4 was obtained from NCBI database and showed 99.61% homology to the predicted GRA-4 from the T. gondii Izatnagar isolate. Amino acid sequence of the predicted GRA-4 protein from local isolate was different at positions 19 and 304. Conclusion: This research cloned rGRA-4 in pET SUMO plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanafiah
- Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Zahrial Helmi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Amalia Sutriana
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Priyowidodo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fihiruddin Fihiruddin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Politeknik Kemenkes Mataram, Sandubaya Mataram Nusa Tenggara Barat Indonesia
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Loh FK, Nathan S, Chow SC, Fang CM. Vaccination challenges and strategies against long-lived Toxoplasma gondii. Vaccine 2019; 37:3989-4000. [PMID: 31186188 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of Toxoplasma gondii in 1908, it is estimated that one-third of the global population has been exposed to this ubiquitous intracellular protozoan. The complex life cycle of T. gondii has enabled itself to overcome stress and transmit easily within a broad host range thus achieving a high seroprevalence worldwide. To date, toxoplasmosis remains one of the most prevalent HIV-associated opportunistic central nervous system infections. This review presents a comprehensive overview of different vaccination approaches ranging from traditional inactivated whole-T. gondii vaccines to the popular DNA vaccines. Extensive discussions are made to highlight the challenges in constructing these vaccines, selecting adjuvants as well as delivery methods, immunisation approaches and developing study models. Herein we also deliberate over the latest and promising enhancement strategies that can address the limitations in developing an effective T. gondii prophylactic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Kean Loh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheila Nathan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sek-Chuen Chow
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Sánchez-López EF, Corigliano MG, Albarracín RM, Sander VA, Legarralde A, Bengoa-Luoni SA, Clemente M. Plant Hsp90 is a novel adjuvant that elicits a strong humoral and cellular immune response against B- and T-cell epitopes of a Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 peptide. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:140. [PMID: 30909938 PMCID: PMC6434815 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 90-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp90) from Nicotiana benthamiana (NbHsp90.3) is a promising adjuvant, especially for those vaccines that require a T cell-mediated immune response. Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 is considered one of the most important antigens for the development of effective subunit vaccines. Some epitopes located in the SAG1 C-terminus region have showed a strong humoral and cellular immune response. In the present study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of NbHsp90.3 as carrier/adjuvant of SAG1-derived peptide (SAG1HC) in a T. gondii infection murine model. METHODS In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneal immunized with the NbHsp90.3-SAG1HC fusion protein (NbHsp90.3-SAG1HC group), mature SAG1 (SAG1m group), NbHsp90.3 (NbHsp90.3 group) or PBS buffer 1× (PBS group). The levels of IgG antibodies and the cytokine profile were determined by ELISA. Two weeks after the last immunization, all mice were orally challenged with 20 cysts of T. gondii Me49 strain and the number of brain cysts was determined. In addition, both humoral and cellular immune responses were also evaluated during the acute and chronic phase of T. gondii infection by ELISA. RESULTS The characterization of the immune response generated after vaccination with NbHsp90.3 as an adjuvant showed that NbHsp90.3-SAG1HC-immunized mice produced antibodies that were able to recognize not only rSAG1m but also the native SAG1 present in the total lysate antigen extract (SAG1TLA) from T. gondii tachyzoites, while control groups did not. Furthermore, anti-rSAG1m IgG2a/2b antibodies were significantly induced. In addition, only the spleen cell cultures from NbHsp90.3-SAG1HC-immunized mice showed a significantly increased production of IFN-γ. During the chronic phase of T. gondii infection, the antibodies generated by the infection were unable to detect the recombinant protein, but they did react with TLA extract. In addition, splenocytes from all groups showed a high production of IFN-γ when stimulated with rGRA4, but only those from NbHsp90.3-SAG1HC group stimulated with rSAG1m showed high production of IFN-γ. Finally, NbHsp90.3-SAG1HC-immunized mice exhibited a significant reduction in the cyst load (56%) against T. gondii infection. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that NbHsp90.3 enhances the humoral and cell-mediated immune response through a Th1 type cytokine production. Mice vaccinated with NbHsp90.3-SAG1HC exhibited a partial protection against T. gondii infection and it was correlated with the induction of memory immune response. We developed and validated a vaccine formulation which, to our knowledge, for the first time includes the NbHsp90.3 protein covalently fused to a peptide from T. gondii SAG1 protein that contains T- and B-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin F. Sánchez-López
- Unidad de Biotecnología 6-UB6, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires Province Argentina
| | - Mariana G. Corigliano
- Unidad de Biotecnología 6-UB6, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires Province Argentina
| | - Romina M. Albarracín
- Unidad de Biotecnología 6-UB6, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires Province Argentina
| | - Valeria A. Sander
- Unidad de Biotecnología 6-UB6, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires Province Argentina
| | - Ariel Legarralde
- Unidad de Biotecnología 6-UB6, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires Province Argentina
| | - Sofía A. Bengoa-Luoni
- Unidad de Biotecnología 6-UB6, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires Province Argentina
| | - Marina Clemente
- Unidad de Biotecnología 6-UB6, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires Province Argentina
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8
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Morais SB, Figueiredo BC, Assis NRG, Homan J, Mambelli FS, Bicalho RM, Souza C, Martins VP, Pinheiro CS, Oliveira SC. Schistosoma mansoni SmKI-1 or Its C-Terminal Fragment Induces Partial Protection Against S. mansoni Infection in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1762. [PMID: 30105029 PMCID: PMC6077287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current schistosomiasis control strategies are mainly based on chemotherapy, but the development of a vaccine against this parasitic disease would contribute to a long-lasting decrease in disease spectrum and transmission. When it comes to vaccine candidates, several genes encoding Schistosoma mansoni proteins expressed at the mammalian host-parasite interface have been tested. Among the most promising molecules are the proteins present on the tegument and digestive tract of the parasite. In this study, we evaluate the potential of SmKI-1, the first Kunitz-type protease inhibitor functionally characterized in S. mansoni, as a vaccine candidate. Bioinformatic analysis points to the C-terminal fragment as the main region of the molecule responsible for the development of a potential protective immune response induced by SmKI-1. Therefore, for the vaccine formulations, we produced the recombinant (r) SmKI-1 and two different fragments, its Kunitz (KI) domain and its C-terminal tail. First, we demonstrate that mice immunized with recombinant SmKI-1 (rSmKI-1) or its fragments, formulated with Freund's adjuvant, induced the production of IgG-specific antibodies. Further, all vaccine formulations tested here also induced a Th1-type of immune response, as suggested by the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by protein-stimulated cultured splenocytes. However, the protective effect conferred by vaccination was only observed in groups which received rSmKI-1 or C-terminal domain vaccines. Mice administered with rSmKI-1 demonstrated reduction of 47% in worm burden, 36% in egg number in mouse livers, and 33% in area of liver granulomas. Additionally, mice injected with C-terminal domain showed reduction of 28% in worm burden, 38% in egg number in liver, and 25% in area of liver granulomas. In contrast, KI domain immunization was unable to reduce worm burden and ameliorate liver pathology after challenge infection. Taken together, our data demonstrated that SmKI-1 is a potential candidate for use in a vaccine to control schistosomiasis, and its C-terminal tail seems to be the main region of the molecule responsible for protection conferred by this antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen B Morais
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Barbara C Figueiredo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Salvador, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Natan R G Assis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jane Homan
- ioGenetics LLC, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fábio S Mambelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Bicalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vicente P Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Celular do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina S Pinheiro
- Departamento de Biointeração do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Sergio C Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Salvador, Brazil
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Lakhrif Z, Moreau A, Hérault B, Di-Tommaso A, Juste M, Moiré N, Dimier-Poisson I, Mévélec MN, Aubrey N. Targeted Delivery of Toxoplasma gondii Antigens to Dendritic Cells Promote Immunogenicity and Protective Efficiency against Toxoplasmosis. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515595 PMCID: PMC5826183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a major public health problem and the development of a human vaccine is of high priority. Efficient vaccination against Toxoplasma gondii requires both a mucosal and systemic Th1 immune response. Moreover, dendritic cells play a critical role in orchestrating the innate immune functions and driving specific adaptive immunity to T. gondii. In this study, we explore an original vaccination strategy that combines administration via mucosal and systemic routes of fusion proteins able to target the major T. gondii surface antigen SAG1 to DCs using an antibody fragment single-chain fragment variable (scFv) directed against DEC205 endocytic receptor. Our results show that SAG1 targeting to DCs by scFv via intranasal and subcutaneous administration improved protection against chronic T. gondii infection. A marked reduction in brain parasite burden is observed when compared with the intranasal or the subcutaneous route alone. DC targeting improved both local and systemic humoral and cellular immune responses and potentiated more specifically the Th1 response profile by more efficient production of IFN-γ, interleukin-2, IgG2a, and nasal IgA. This study provides evidence of the potential of DC targeting for the development of new vaccines against a range of Apicomplexa parasites.
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Picchio MS, Sánchez VR, Arcon N, Soto AS, Perrone Sibilia M, Aldirico MDLA, Urrutia M, Moretta R, Fenoy IM, Goldman A, Martin V. Vaccine potential of antigen cocktails composed of recombinant Toxoplasma gondii TgPI-1, ROP2 and GRA4 proteins against chronic toxoplasmosis in C3H mice. Exp Parasitol 2018; 185:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Soto AS, Fenoy IM, Sanchez VR, March F, Perrone Sibilia MD, Aldirico MDLA, Picchio MS, Arcon N, Acosta PL, Polack FP, Martin V, Goldman A. Toxoplasma gondii serine-protease inhibitor-1: A new adjuvant candidate for asthma therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187002. [PMID: 29073215 PMCID: PMC5658115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine-proteases are important players in the pathogenesis of asthma, promoting inflammation and tissue remodeling. It’s also known that many serine protease inhibitors display immunomodulatory properties. TgPI-1 is a Toxoplasma gondii protein that exhibits broad spectrum inhibitory activity against serine proteases. In view of the increased prevalence of atopic disorders and the need to develop new treatment strategies we sought to investigate the potential of TgPI-1 for treating respiratory allergies. For this purpose, we developed a therapeutic experimental model. BALB/c mice were rendered allergic by intraperitoneal ovalbumin-alum sensitization and airway-challenged. Once the asthmatic phenotype was achieved, mice were intranasally treated with rTgPI-1 alone or with a mixture of rTgPI-1 and ovalbumin (OVA). A week later mice were given a secondary aerosol challenge. Treatment with rTgPI-1 alone or co-administered with OVA diminished bronchoalveolar eosinophilia, mucus production and peribronchial lung infiltration. This effect was accompanied by a lung resistance reduction of 26.3% and 50.3% respectively. Both treatments resulted in the production of lower levels of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ and regulatory IL-10 by thoracic lymph node cells stimulated with OVA. Interestingly, significant decreases in OVA specific IgE and T cell proliferation, and increases in FoxP3+ T cells at local and systemic levels were only detected when the inhibitor was administered along with OVA. These results show that both rTgPI-1 treatments reduced asthma hallmarks. However, co-administration of the inhibitor with the allergen was more effective. Hence, rTgPI-1 emerges as a novel adjuvant candidate for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna S. Soto
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Vacunas y Alergia, CESyMA, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio M. Fenoy
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Vacunas y Alergia, CESyMA, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa R. Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Vacunas y Alergia, CESyMA, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia March
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Vacunas y Alergia, CESyMA, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías D. Perrone Sibilia
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Vacunas y Alergia, CESyMA, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María de los Angeles Aldirico
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Vacunas y Alergia, CESyMA, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano S. Picchio
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Vacunas y Alergia, CESyMA, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Arcon
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Vacunas y Alergia, CESyMA, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio L. Acosta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Infant, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Valentina Martin
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Vacunas y Alergia, CESyMA, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Goldman
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Vacunas y Alergia, CESyMA, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Ramos ELP, Santana SS, Silva MV, Santiago FM, Mineo TWP, Mineo JR. Lectins from Synadenium carinatum (ScLL) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (ArtinM) Are Able to Induce Beneficial Immunomodulatory Effects in a Murine Model for Treatment of Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:164. [PMID: 27933277 PMCID: PMC5122570 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by Toxoplasma gondii affects around one-third of world population and the treatment for patients presenting toxoplasmosis clinically manifested disease is mainly based by a combination of sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, and folinic acid. However, this therapeutic protocol is significantly toxic, causing relevant dose-related bone marrow damage. Thus, it is necessary to improve new approaches to investigate the usefulness of more effective and non-toxic agents for treatment of patients with toxoplasmosis. It has been described that lectins from plants can control parasite infections, when used as immunological adjuvants in vaccination procedures. This type of lectins, such as ArtinM and ScLL is able to induce immunostimulatory activities, including efficient immune response against parasites. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential immunostimulatory effect of ScLL and ArtinM for treatment of T. gondii infection during acute phase, considering that there is no study in the literature accomplishing this issue. For this purpose, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with different concentrations from each lectin to determine the maximum concentration without or with lowest cytotoxic effect. After, it was also measured the cytokine levels produced by these cells when stimulated by the selected concentrations of lectins. We found that ScLL showed high capacity to induce of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while ArtinM was able to induce especially an anti-inflammatory cytokines production. Furthermore, both lectins were able to increase NO levels. Next, we evaluated the treatment effect of ScLL and ArtinM in C57BL/6 mice infected by ME49 strain from T. gondii. The animals were infected and treated with ScLL, ArtinM, ArtinM plus ScLL, or sulfadiazine, and the following parameters analyzed: Cytokines production, brain parasite burden and survival rates. Our results demonstrated that the ScLL or ScLL plus ArtinM treatment induced production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, showing differential but complementary profiles. Moreover, when compared with non-treated mice, the parasite burden was significantly lower and survival rates higher in mice treated with ScLL or ScLL plus ArtinM, similarly with sulfadiazine treatment. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the suitable potential immunotherapeutic effect of ScLL and ArtinM lectins to control acute toxoplasmosis in this experimental murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliézer L P Ramos
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas-Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Silas S Santana
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas-Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Murilo V Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas-Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Santiago
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas-Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tiago W P Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas-Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - José R Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas-Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Brazil
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Lee DH, Lee SH, Kim AR, Quan FS. Virus-Like Nanoparticle Vaccine Confers Protection against Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161231. [PMID: 27548677 PMCID: PMC4993474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner membrane complex (IMC) of Toxoplasma gondii as a peripheral membrane system has unique and critical roles in parasite replication, motility and invasion. Disruption of IMC sub-compartment protein produces a severe defect in T. gondii endodyogeny, the form of internal cell budding. In this study, we generated T. gondii virus-like particle particles (VLPs) containing proteins derived from IMC, and investigated their efficacy as a vaccine in mice. VLP vaccination induced Toxoplasma gondii-specific total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody responses in the sera and IgA antibody responses in the feces. Upon challenge infection with a lethal dose of T. gondii (ME49), all vaccinated mice survived, whereas all naïve control mice died. Vaccinated mice showed significantly reduced cyst load and cyst size in the brain. VLP vaccination also induced IgA and IgG antibody responses in feces and intestines, and antibody-secreting plasma cells, mixed Th1/Th2 cytokines and CD4+/CD8+ T cells from spleen. Taken together, these results indicate that non-replicating VLPs containing inner membrane complex of T. gondii represent a promising strategy for the development of a safe and effective vaccine to control the spread of Toxoplasma gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Hwa Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Ra Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fu Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang NZ, Wang M, Xu Y, Petersen E, Zhu XQ. Recent advances in developing vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii: an update. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1609-21. [PMID: 26467840 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1098539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, a significant public health risk, is able to infect almost all warm-blooded animals including humans, and it results in economic losses in production animals. In the last three years, a large number of vaccination experiments have been performed to control T. gondii infection, with the target of limiting the acute infection and reducing or eliminating tissue cysts in the intermediate hosts. In this paper, we summarize the latest results of the veterinary vaccines against T. gondii infection since 2013. Immunization with live-attenuated whole organisms of non-reverting mutants has been shown to induce remarkably potent immune responses associated with control of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. The non-cyst-forming mutants are promising new tools for the development of veterinary vaccines against T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Zhang Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , PR China.,b Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Eskild Petersen
- c Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , PR China
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