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Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V, Gamella M, Blázquez-García M, Serafín V, Molina E, Pingarrón JM, Benedé S, Campuzano S. Electrochemical bioplatform to manage alpha-gal syndrome by tracking the carbohydrate allergen in meat. Talanta 2024; 273:125851. [PMID: 38447339 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
This work presents the first bioplatform described to date for the determination of galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal), a non-primate mammalian oligosaccharide responsible for almost all cases of red meat allergy. The bioplatform is based on the implementation of an indirect competitive immunoassay and enzymatic labeling with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) built on the surface of magnetic microparticles (MBs) and amperometric transduction on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) using the H2O2/hydroquinone (HQ) system. The target α-Gal competed with biotinylated α-Gal immobilized on the surface of neutravidin-modified MBs for the limited immunorecognition sites of a detection antibody enzymatically labeled with an HRP-conjugated secondary antibody. The resulting magnetic immunoconjugates were trapped on the surface of the SPCE working electrode and amperometric transduction was performed, providing a cathodic current variation inversely proportional to the concentration of α-Gal in the analyzed sample. The developed biotool was optimized, characterized and applied with satisfactory results to the determination of the target allergen in different samples of raw and processed meats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Gamella
- Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Blázquez-García
- Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Serafín
- Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Pingarrón
- Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Dept. Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Wang J, Jin X. Strategies for decellularization, re-cellularIzation and crosslinking in liver bioengineering. Int J Artif Organs 2024; 47:129-139. [PMID: 38253541 DOI: 10.1177/03913988231218566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease and its availability is restricted by organ donor shortages. The development of liver bioengineering provides the probability to create a functional alternative to reduce the gap in organ demand and supply. Decellularized liver scaffolds have been widely applied in bioengineering because they can mimic the native liver microenvironment and retain extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Multiple approaches including chemical, physical and biological methods have been developed for liver decellularization in current studies, but a full set of unified criteria has not yet been established. Each method has its advantages and drawbacks that influence the microstructure and ligand landscape of decellularized liver scaffolds. Optimizing a decellularization method to eliminate cell material while retaining as much of the ECM intact as possible is therefore important for biological scaffold applications. Furthermore, crosslinking strategies can improve the biological performance of scaffolds, including reinforcing biomechanics, delaying degradation in vivo and reducing immune rejection, which can better promote the integration of re-cellularized scaffolds with host tissue and influence the reconstruction process. In this review, we aim to present the different liver decellularization techniques, the crosslinking methods to improve scaffold characteristics with crosslinking and the preparation of soluble ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Jin
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Wang H, Meng Z, Zhao CY, Xiao YH, Zeng H, Lian H, Guan RQ, Liu Y, Feng ZG, Han QQ. Research progress of implantation materials and its biological evaluation. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:062001. [PMID: 37591254 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acf17b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development of modern material science, life science and medical science, implantation materials are widely employed in clinical fields. In recent years, these materials have also evolved from inert supports or functional substitutes to bioactive materials able to trigger or promote the regenerative potential of tissues. Reasonable biological evaluation of implantation materials is the premise to make sure their safe application in clinical practice. With the continual development of implantation materials and the emergence of new implantation materials, new challenges to biological evaluation have been presented. In this paper, the research progress of implantation materials, the progress of biological evaluation methods, and also the characteristics of biocompatibility evaluation for novel implantation materials, like animal-derived implantation materials, nerve contact implantation materials, nanomaterials and tissue-engineered medical products were reviewed in order to provide references for the rational biological evaluation of implantable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Meng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hao Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Zeng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Lian
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Qin Guan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Guo Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Qian Han
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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Giovanniello F, Asgari M, Breslavsky ID, Franchini G, Holzapfel GA, Tabrizian M, Amabili M. Development and mechanical characterization of decellularized scaffolds for an active aortic graft. Acta Biomater 2023; 160:59-72. [PMID: 36792047 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized porcine aortas are proposed as scaffolds for revolutionary active aortic grafts. A change in the static and dynamic mechanical properties, associated with the microstructure of elastin and collagen fibers, corresponds to alteration in the cyclic expansion and perfusion, in addition to possible graft damage. Therefore, the present study thoroughly investigates the mechanical response of the decellularized scaffolds of human and porcine origin to static and dynamic mechanical loads. The responses of the native human and porcine aortas are also compared; this is unavailable in the literature. Because the aorta is subjected to pulsatile blood pressure, dynamical responses to cyclic loads and their associated viscoelastic properties are particularly relevant for advanced graft design. In parallel, this study examines the microstructure of the decellularized aorta. The resulting data are compared to the analogous data obtained for the native human and porcine tissues. The results indicate that by using an optimized decellularization protocol - based on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and DNase - that minimizes mechanical and structural changes of the tissue, layered scaffolds with static and dynamic properties very similar to natural human aortas are obtained. In particular, a decellularized porcine aorta is non-inferior to a decellularized human aorta. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: About 55,000 patients undergo abdominal aortic aneurysm repair annually in the USA. The currently implanted grafts present a large mechanical mismatch with the native tissue. This increases the pulsatile nature of the blood flow with negative consequences to the organ perfusion. For this reason, biomimetic and mechanically compatible grafts for aortic repair are urgently needed and they can be obtained through tissue engineering. In this study, scaffolds from porcine and human aortas are obtained from an optimized decellularization protocol. They are accurately compared to the native tissue and present the ideal static and dynamic mechanical properties for developing innovative aortic grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meisam Asgari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ivan D Breslavsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Giulio Franchini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria; Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marco Amabili
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute (TII), Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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5
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Tissue engineering of decellularized pancreas scaffolds for regenerative medicine in diabetes. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:49-66. [PMID: 36427686 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global disease requiring long-term treatment and monitoring. At present, pancreas or islet transplantation is the only reliable treatment for achieving stable euglycemia in Type I diabetes patients. However, the shortage of viable pancreata for transplantation limits the use of this therapy for the majority of patients. Organ decellularization and recellularization is emerging as a promising solution to overcome the shortage of viable organs for transplantation by providing a potential alternative source of donor organs. Several studies on decellularization and recellularization of rodent, porcine, and human pancreata have been performed, and show promise for generating usable decellularized pancreas scaffolds for subsequent recellularization and transplantation. In this state-of-the-art review, we provide an overview of the latest advances in pancreas decellularization, recellularization, and revascularization. We also discuss clinical considerations such as potential transplantation sites, donor source, and immune considerations. We conclude with an outlook on the remaining work that needs to be done in order to realize the goal of using this technology to create bioengineered pancreata for transplantation in diabetes patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Pancreas or islet transplantation is a means of providing insulin-independence in diabetes patients. However, due to the shortage of viable pancreata, whole-organ decellularization and recellularization is emerging as a promising solution to overcome organ shortage for transplantation. Several studies on decellularization and recellularization of rodent, porcine, and human pancreata have shown promise for generating usable decellularized pancreas scaffolds for subsequent recellularization and transplantation. In this state-of-the-art review, we highlight the latest advances in pancreas decellularization, recellularization, and revascularization. We also discuss clinical considerations such as potential transplantation sites, donor source, and immune considerations. We conclude with future work that needs to be done in order to realize clinical translation of bioengineered pancreata for transplantation in diabetes patients.
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GTKO rabbit: A novel animal model for preclinical assessment of decellularized xenogeneic grafts via in situ implantation. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu K, He Y, Lu F. Research Progress on the Immunogenicity and Regeneration of Acellular Adipose Matrix: A Mini Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:881523. [PMID: 35733521 PMCID: PMC9207478 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.881523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acellular adipose matrix (AAM) has received increasing attention for soft tissue reconstruction, due to its abundant source, high long-term retention rate and in vivo adipogenic induction ability. However, the current decellularization methods inevitably affect native extracellular matrix (ECM) properties, and the residual antigens can trigger adverse immune reactions after transplantation. The behavior of host inflammatory cells mainly decides the regeneration of AAM after transplantation. In this review, recent knowledge of inflammatory cells for acellular matrix regeneration will be discussed. These advancements will inform further development of AAM products with better properties.
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Talaei-Khozani T, Yaghoubi A. An overview of post transplantation events of decellularized scaffolds. Transpl Immunol 2022; 74:101640. [PMID: 35667545 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are reasonable techniques for repairing failed tissues and could be a suitable alternative to organ transplantation. One of the most widely used methods for preparing bioscaffolds is the decellularization procedure. Although cell debris and DNA are removed from the decellularized tissues, important compositions of the extracellular matrix including proteins, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins are nearly preserved. Moreover, the obtained scaffolds have a 3-dimensional (3D) structure, appropriate naïve mechanical properties, and good biocompatibility. After transplantation, different types of host cells migrate to the decellularized tissues. Histological and immunohistochemical assessment of the different bioscaffolds after implantation reveals the migration of parenchymal cells, angiogenesis, as well as the invasion of inflammatory and giant foreign cells. In this review, the events after transplantation including angiogenesis, scaffold degradation, and the presence of immune and tissue-specific progenitor cells in the decellularized scaffolds in various hosts, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Histotomorphometry and stereology research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Tissue engineering lab, Anatomy Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Yaghoubi
- Tissue engineering lab, Anatomy Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Wang L, Jiang J, Lin H, Zhu T, Cai J, Su W, Chen J, Xu J, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang K, Zhao J. Advances in Regenerative Sports Medicine Research. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:908751. [PMID: 35646865 PMCID: PMC9136559 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.908751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative sports medicine aims to address sports and aging-related conditions in the locomotor system using techniques that induce tissue regeneration. It also involves the treatment of meniscus and ligament injuries in the knee, Achilles’ tendon ruptures, rotator cuff tears, and cartilage and bone defects in various joints, as well as the regeneration of tendon–bone and cartilage–bone interfaces. There has been considerable progress in this field in recent years, resulting in promising steps toward the development of improved treatments as well as the identification of conundrums that require further targeted research. In this review the regeneration techniques currently considered optimal for each area of regenerative sports medicine have been reviewed and the time required for feasible clinical translation has been assessed. This review also provides insights into the direction of future efforts to minimize the gap between basic research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Regenerative Sports Medicine and Translational Youth Science and Technology Innovation Workroom, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Regenerative Sports Medicine and Translational Youth Science and Technology Innovation Workroom, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Regenerative Sports Medicine Lab of the Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’ Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tonghe Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Non-Coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangyu Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiebo Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Zhang, ; Jinzhong Zhao,
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Regenerative Sports Medicine and Translational Youth Science and Technology Innovation Workroom, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Regenerative Sports Medicine Lab of the Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’ Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Zhang, ; Jinzhong Zhao,
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Calafiore AM, Haverich A, Gaudino M, Di Mauro M, Fattouch K, Prapas S, Zilla P. Immunoreaction to xenogenic tissue in cardiac surgery: alpha-Gal and beyond. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 62:6535925. [PMID: 35211732 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Di Mauro
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Khalil Fattouch
- Department of Surgical, Oncologic and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, GVM Care & Research, Maria Eleonora Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sotirios Prapas
- Division of Cardiac Surgery A, Henry Dunant Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter Zilla
- Christian Barnard Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Human P, Bezuidenhout D, Aikawa E, Zilla P. Residual Bioprosthetic Valve Immunogenicity: Forgotten, Not Lost. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:760635. [PMID: 35059444 PMCID: PMC8764456 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.760635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite early realization of the need to control inherent immunogenicity of bioprosthetic replacement heart valves and thereby mitigate the ensuing host response and its associated pathology, including dystrophic calcification, the problem remains unresolved to this day. Concerns over mechanical stiffness associated with prerequisite high cross-link density to effect abrogation of this response, together with the insinuated role of leaching glutaraldehyde monomer in subsequent dystrophic mineralization, have understandably introduced compromises. These have become so entrenched as a benchmark standard that residual immunogenicity of the extracellular matrix has seemingly been relegated to a very subordinate role. Instead, focus has shifted toward the removal of cellular compartment antigens renowned for their implication in the failure of vascularized organ xenotransplants. While decellularization certainly offers advantages, this review aims to refocus attention on the unresolved matter of the host response to the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, by implicating remnant immune and inflammatory processes to bioprosthetic valve pathology, including pannus overgrowth and mineralization, the validity of a preeminent focus on decellularization, in the context of inefficient antigen and possible residual microbial remnant removal, is questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Human
- Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Deon Bezuidenhout
- Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter Zilla
- Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cardiovascular Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Mu Y, Shao A, Shi L, Du B, Zhang Y, Luo J, Xu L, Qu S. Immunological Risk Assessment of Xenogeneic Dural Patch by Comparing with Raw Material via GTKO Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7950834. [PMID: 35083333 PMCID: PMC8786519 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7950834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, α-Gal epitope-deficient (GGTA1 knockout (GTKO)) mice were used to assess the immunological risks of xenogeneic dural patch by comparing with raw material. METHODS The xenogeneic dural patch (T2) was prepared from bovine pericardium (T1, raw material) through decellularization and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) coating. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the collagen fibers and surface microstructural changes in the T1 and T2 samples. The remnant α-Gal epitopes and DNA of implants were detected by standardized method. T1 and T2 were implanted subcutaneously into GTKO mice for 4 and 12 weeks, respectively, and the negative control group (Con) was only performed sham operation. The total serum antibody, anti-Gal antibody, and splenic lymphocyte subtypes were analyzed by ELISA or flow cytometry, and histological analysis of implant-tissue was performed by H&E and Masson stain. RESULTS TEM and Sirius red staining showed that the collagen fibers in the dural patch were closely arranged, and SEM showed that a loose three-dimensional structure was successfully constructed on the surface of the dural patch after CMCS coating. The remnant DNA in T2 was 24.64 ± 8.73 ng/mg (dry weight), and clearance of α-Gal epitope was up to 99.83% compared to T1. The significant increases in serum total IgM, anti-Gal IgG, and anti-Gal IgM at 4 weeks and the significant changes in anti-Gal IgG and spleen lymphocyte at 12 weeks were observed in the T1 group, but no significant change was observed in the T2 group, compared to the control group. Histological semiquantitative analysis showed severe cell and tissue responses at 4 weeks and a moderate response at 12 weeks in the T1 group, while a moderate response at 4 weeks and a slight response at 12 weeks in the T2 group. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the xenogeneic dural patch has a lower and acceptable immunological risk compared to the raw material and control, respectively. On the other hand, it was suggested that GTKO mice are useful experimental model for immunological risk assessment of animal tissue-derived biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Mu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Institute for Medical Device Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Anliang Shao
- Institute for Medical Device Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Li Shi
- Shaanxi Bioregenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710100, China
| | - Bin Du
- Shaanxi Bioregenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710100, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Shaanxi Bioregenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710100, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Shaanxi Bioregenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710100, China
| | - Liming Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Institute for Medical Device Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Shuxin Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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13
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Massaro MS, Pálek R, Rosendorf J, Červenková L, Liška V, Moulisová V. Decellularized xenogeneic scaffolds in transplantation and tissue engineering: Immunogenicity versus positive cell stimulation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112203. [PMID: 34225855 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Seriously compromised function of some organs can only be restored by transplantation. Due to the shortage of human donors, the need to find another source of organs is of primary importance. Decellularized scaffolds of non-human origin are being studied as highly potential biomaterials for tissue engineering. Their biological nature and thus the ability to provide a naturally-derived environment for human cells to adhere and grow highlights their great advantage in comparison to synthetic scaffolds. Nevertheless, since every biomaterial implanted in the body generates immune reaction, studying the interaction of the scaffold with the surrounding tissues is necessary. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the immunogenicity of semi-xenografts involved in transplantation. Moreover, positive aspects of the interaction between xenogeneic scaffold and human cells are discussed, focusing on specific roles of proteins associated with extracellular matrix in cell adhesion and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Massaro
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Pálek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jáchym Rosendorf
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Červenková
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Liška
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Moulisová
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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14
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Tao M, Ao T, Mao X, Yan X, Javed R, Hou W, Wang Y, Sun C, Lin S, Yu T, Ao Q. Sterilization and disinfection methods for decellularized matrix materials: Review, consideration and proposal. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2927-2945. [PMID: 33732964 PMCID: PMC7930362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterilization is the process of killing all microorganisms, while disinfection is the process of killing or removing all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms except bacterial spores. Biomaterials involved in cell experiments, animal experiments, and clinical applications need to be in the aseptic state, but their physical and chemical properties as well as biological activities can be affected by sterilization or disinfection. Decellularized matrix (dECM) is the low immunogenicity material obtained by removing cells from tissues, which retains many inherent components in tissues such as proteins and proteoglycans. But there are few studies concerning the effects of sterilization or disinfection on dECM, and the systematic introduction of sterilization or disinfection for dECM is even less. Therefore, this review systematically introduces and analyzes the mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of various sterilization and disinfection methods, discusses the factors influencing the selection of sterilization and disinfection methods, summarizes the sterilization and disinfection methods for various common dECM, and finally proposes a graphical route for selecting an appropriate sterilization or disinfection method for dECM and a technical route for validating the selected method, so as to provide the reference and basis for choosing more appropriate sterilization or disinfection methods of various dECM. Asepsis is the prerequisite for the experiment and application of biomaterials. Sterilization or disinfection affects physic-chemical properties of biomaterials. Mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of sterilization or disinfection methods. Factors influencing the selection of sterilization or disinfection methods. Selection of sterilization or disinfection methods for decellularized matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihan Tao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianrang Ao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Mao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinzhu Yan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rabia Javed
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weijian Hou
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Lin
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianhao Yu
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Tuladhar SR, Mulderrig S, Della Barbera M, Vedovelli L, Bottigliengo D, Tessari C, Jockenhoevel S, Gregori D, Thiene G, Korossis S, Mela P, Iop L, Gerosa G. Bioengineered percutaneous heart valves for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a comparative evaluation of decellularised bovine and porcine pericardia. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:111936. [PMID: 33812574 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glutaraldehyde-treated, surgical bioprosthetic heart valves undergo structural degeneration within 10-15 years of implantation. Analogous preliminary results were disclosed for percutaneous heart valves (PHVs) realized with similarly-treated tissues. To improve long-term performance, decellularised scaffolds can be proposed as alternative fabricating biomaterials. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether bovine and porcine decellularised pericardia could be utilised to manufacture bioengineered percutaneous heart valves (bioPHVs) with adequate hydrodynamic performance and leaflet resistance to crimping damage. BioPHVs were fabricated by mounting acellular pericardia onto commercial stents. Independently from the pericardial species used for valve fabrication, bioPHVs satisfied the minimum hydrodynamic performance criteria set by ISO 5840-3 standards and were able to withstand a large spectrum of cardiac output conditions, also during extreme backpressure, without severe regurgitation, especially in the case of the porcine group. No macroscopic or microscopic leaflet damage was detected following bioPHV crimping. Bovine and porcine decellularized pericardia are both suitable alternatives to glutaraldehyde-treated tissues. Between the two types of pericardial species tested, the porcine tissue scaffold might be preferable to fabricate advanced PHV replacements for long-term performance. CONDENSED ABSTRACT: Current percutaneous heart valve replacements are formulated with glutaraldehyde-treated animal tissues, prone to structural degeneration. In order to improve long-term performance, bovine and porcine decellularised pericardia were utilised to manufacture bioengineered replacements, which demonstrated adequate hydrodynamic behaviour and resistance to crimping without leaflet architectural alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugat Ratna Tuladhar
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Shane Mulderrig
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Aachen, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mila Della Barbera
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Vedovelli
- Biostatistics, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Bottigliengo
- Biostatistics, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Tessari
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Aachen, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dario Gregori
- Biostatistics, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sotiris Korossis
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Mela
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Aachen, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Iop
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; L.I.F.E.LA.B., CORIS, Veneto Region, Padua, Italy
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; L.I.F.E.LA.B., CORIS, Veneto Region, Padua, Italy.
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16
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Luo Y, Ma L. Bioprosthetic heart valves with reduced immunogenic residuals using vacuum-assisted decellularization treatment. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:065012. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abaabf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Schmitz TC, Salzer E, Crispim JF, Fabra GT, LeVisage C, Pandit A, Tryfonidou M, Maitre CL, Ito K. Characterization of biomaterials intended for use in the nucleus pulposus of degenerated intervertebral discs. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:1-15. [PMID: 32771592 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials for regeneration of the intervertebral disc must meet complex requirements conforming to biological, mechanical and clinical demands. Currently no consensus on their characterization exists. It is crucial to identify parameters and their method of characterization for accurate assessment of their potential efficacy, keeping in mind the translation towards clinical application. This review systematically analyses the characterization techniques of biomaterial systems that have been used for nucleus pulposus (NP) restoration and regeneration. Substantial differences in the approach towards assessment became evident, hindering comparisons between different materials with respect to their suitability for NP restoration and regeneration. We have analysed the current approaches and identified parameters necessary for adequate biomaterial characterization, with the clinical goal of functional restoration and biological regeneration of the NP in mind. Further, we provide guidelines and goals for their measurement. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterials intended for restoration of regeneration of the nucleus pulposus within the intervertebral disc must meet biological, biomechanical and clinical demands. Many materials have been investigated, but a lack of consensus on which parameters to evaluate leads to difficulties in comparing materials as well as mostly partial characterization of the materials in question. A gap between current methodology and clinically relevant and meaningful characterization is prevalent. In this article, we identify necessary methods and their implementation for complete biomaterial characterization in the context of clinical applicability. This will allow for a more unified approach to NP-biomaterials research within the field as a whole and enable comparative analysis of novel materials yet to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Schmitz
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
| | - Elias Salzer
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
| | - João F Crispim
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
| | - Georgina Targa Fabra
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, 7WQJ+8F Galway, Ireland.
| | - Catherine LeVisage
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS School of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, 1 Place Ricordeau, 44300 Nantes, France.
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, 7WQJ+8F Galway, Ireland.
| | - Marianna Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Christine Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, S1 1WB Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
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18
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Dal Sasso E, Menabò R, Agrillo D, Arrigoni G, Franchin C, Giraudo C, Filippi A, Borile G, Ascione G, Zanella F, Fabozzo A, Motta R, Romanato F, Di Lisa F, Iop L, Gerosa G. RegenHeart: A Time-Effective, Low-Concentration, Detergent-Based Method Aiming for Conservative Decellularization of the Whole Heart Organ. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5493-5506. [PMID: 33320567 PMCID: PMC8011801 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Heart
failure is the worst outcome of all cardiovascular diseases
and still represents nowadays the leading cause of mortality with
no effective clinical treatments, apart from organ transplantation
with allogeneic or artificial substitutes. Although applied as the
gold standard, allogeneic heart transplantation cannot be considered
a permanent clinical answer because of several drawbacks, as the side
effects of administered immunosuppressive therapies. For the increasing
number of heart failure patients, a biological cardiac substitute
based on a decellularized organ and autologous cells might be the
lifelong, biocompatible solution free from the need for immunosuppression
regimen. A novel decellularization method is here proposed and tested
on rat hearts in order to reduce the concentration and incubation
time with cytotoxic detergents needed to render acellular these organs.
By protease inhibition, antioxidation, and excitation–contraction
uncoupling in simultaneous perfusion/submersion modality, a strongly
limited exposure to detergents was sufficient to generate very well-preserved
acellular hearts with unaltered extracellular matrix macro- and microarchitecture,
as well as bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Dal Sasso
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Roberta Menabò
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35127, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Davide Agrillo
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Cinzia Franchin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.,L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Andrea Filippi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.,Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento 38123, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research 'Città della Speranza', Padua 35127, Italy
| | - Giulia Borile
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research 'Città della Speranza', Padua 35127, Italy
| | - Guido Ascione
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Fabio Zanella
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Assunta Fabozzo
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy.,Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Raffaella Motta
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research 'Città della Speranza', Padua 35127, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35127, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy.,L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy.,L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy.,Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
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19
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Ling Y, Xu W, Yang L, Liang C, Xu B. Improved the biocompatibility of cancellous bone with compound physicochemical decellularization process. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:443-451. [PMID: 33149933 PMCID: PMC7597803 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Due to the unique microstructures and components of extracellular matrix (ECM), decellularized scaffolds had been used widely in clinical. The reaction of the host toward decellularized scaffolds depends on their biocompatibility, which should be satisfied before applied in clinical. The aim of this study is to develop a decellularized xenograft material with good biocompatibility for further bone repair, in an effective and gentle method. The existing chemical and physical decellularization techniques including ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) were combined and modified to decellularize bovine cancellous bone (CB). After decellularization, almost 100% of ɑ-Gal epitopes were removed, the combination of collagen, calcium and phosphate was reserved. The direct and indirect contact with macrophages was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and immunological response of the materials. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used in the in vitro cells’ proliferation assay. The decellularized CB was proved has no cytotoxicity (grade 1) and no immunological response (NO, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion inhibited), and could support MSCs proliferated continuedly. These results were similar to that of commercial decellularized human bone. This study suggests the potential of using this kind of combine decellularization process to fabricate heterogeneous ECM scaffolds for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ling
- National Engineering Research Center for Human Tissue Restoration and Function Reconstruction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Department of Scientific Research, National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, No. 1307 Guangzhou Avenue Central, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Regenerative Implantable Medical Devices, R&D Center, Grandhope Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Weikang Xu
- Department of Scientific Research, National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, No. 1307 Guangzhou Avenue Central, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Department of Biosecurity Evaluation, Guangdong Medical Devices Quality Surveillance and Test Institute, No. 1 Guangpu West Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, China
| | - Changyan Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bin Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Regenerative Implantable Medical Devices, R&D Center, Grandhope Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
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20
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Abstract
Millions of patients with valvular heart disease have benefitted from heart valve replacement since the procedure was first introduced in the 1960s; however, there are still many patients who get early structural valve deterioration (SVD) of their bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV). BHV are porcine, bovine, or equine tissues that have been glutaraldehyde fixed to preserve the tissue and presumably make the tissue immunologically inert. These glutaraldehyde-fixed BHV with anti-calcification treatments last long periods of time in older adults but develop early SVD in younger patients. The consensus at present is that the early SVD in younger patients is due to more "wear and tear" of the valves and higher calcium turnover in younger patients. However, as younger patients likely have a more robust immune system than older adults, there is a new hypothesis that BHV xenografts may undergo xenograft rejection, and this may contribute to the early SVD seen in younger patients.At present, the technology to noninvasively study in vivo whether an implanted BHV in a human patient is undergoing rejection is not available. Thus, a small animal discordant xenotransplant model in young rodents (to match the young patient getting a pig/bovine/equine BHV) was developed to study whether the hypothesis that glutaraldehyde-fixed BHV undergo xenograft rejection had any merit. In this chapter, we describe our model and its merits and the results of our investigations. Our work provides clear evidence of xenograft rejection in glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue, and our small animal model offers an opportunity to study this process in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan A Manji
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Cardiac Sciences Program, I.H. Asper Clinical Research Institute, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority and St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Jacqueline S Manji
- Cardiac Sciences Program, I.H. Asper Clinical Research Institute, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority and St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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21
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Hashimoto Y, Tsuchiya T, Doi R, Matsumoto K, Higami Y, Kobayashi E, Nagayasu T. Alteration of the extracellular matrix and alpha‐gal antigens in the rat lung scaffold reseeded using human vascular and adipogenic stromal cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:2067-2076. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Hashimoto
- Department of Surgical OncologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
- Medical‐Engineering Hybrid Professional Development CenterNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgical OncologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute for Science and TechnologyTokyo University of Science Chiba Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Doi
- Department of Surgical OncologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsumoto
- Department of Surgical OncologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
- Medical‐Engineering Hybrid Professional Development CenterNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute for Science and TechnologyTokyo University of Science Chiba Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesTokyo University of Science Chiba Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical TechnologyJichi Medical University Tochigi Japan
- Department of Organ FabricationKeio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Department of Surgical OncologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
- Medical‐Engineering Hybrid Professional Development CenterNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
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22
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Bracey DN, Seyler TM, Jinnah AH, Smith TL, Ornelles DA, Deora R, Parks GD, Van Dyke ME, Whitlock PW. A porcine xenograft-derived bone scaffold is a biocompatible bone graft substitute: An assessment of cytocompatibility and the alpha-Gal epitope. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12534. [PMID: 31342586 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenografts are an attractive alternative to traditional bone grafts because of the large supply from donors with predictable morphology and biology as well as minimal risk of human disease transmission. Clinical series involving xenograft bone transplantation, most commonly from bovine sources, have reported poor results with frequent graft rejection and failure to integrate with host tissue. Failures have been attributed to residual alpha-Gal epitope in the xenograft which humans produce natural antibody against. To the authors' knowledge, there is currently no xenograft-derived bone graft substitute that has been adopted by orthopedic surgeons for routine clinical use. METHODS In the current study, a bone scaffold intended to serve as a bone graft substitute was derived from porcine cancellous bone using a tissue decellularization and chemical oxidation protocol. In vitro cytocompatibility, pathogen clearance, and alpha-Gal quantification tests were used to assess the safety of the bone scaffold intended for human use. RESULTS In vitro studies showed the scaffold was free of processing chemicals and biocompatible with mouse and human cell lines. When bacterial and viral pathogens were purposefully added to porcine donor tissue, processing successfully removed these pathogens to comply with sterility assurance levels established by allograft tissue providers. Critically, 98.5% of the alpha-Gal epitope was removed from donor tissue after decellularization as shown by ELISA inhibition assay and immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS The current investigation supports the biologic safety of bone scaffolds derived from porcine donors using a decellularization protocol that meets current sterility assurance standards. The majority of the highly immunogenic xenograft carbohydrate was removed from donor tissue, and these findings support further in vivo investigation of xenograft-derived bone tissue for orthopedic clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Bracey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Thorsten M Seyler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alexander H Jinnah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Thomas L Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - David A Ornelles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Griffith D Parks
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Mark E Van Dyke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Patrick W Whitlock
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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23
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Luo Y, Lou D, Ma L, Gao C. Optimizing detergent concentration and processing time to balance the decellularization efficiency and properties of bioprosthetic heart valves. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2235-2243. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Dong Lou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lie Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou China
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24
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Bonetti A, Marchini M, Ortolani F. Ectopic mineralization in heart valves: new insights from in vivo and in vitro procalcific models and promising perspectives on noncalcifiable bioengineered valves. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:2126-2143. [PMID: 31285908 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.04.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic calcification of native and bioprosthetic heart valves represents a major public health problem causing severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. Valve procalcific degeneration is known to be caused mainly by calcium salt precipitation onto membranes of suffering non-scavenged cells and dead-cell-derived products acting as major hydroxyapatite nucleators. Although etiopathogenesis of calcification in native valves is still far from being exhaustively elucidated, it is well known that bioprosthesis mineralization may be primed by glutaraldehyde-mediated toxicity for xenografts, cryopreservation-related damage for allografts and graft immune rejection for both. Instead, mechanical valves, which are free from calcification, are extremely thrombogenic, requiring chronic anticoagulation therapies for transplanted patients. Since surgical substitution of failed valves is still the leading therapeutic option, progressive improvements in tissue engineering techniques are crucial to attain readily available valve implants with good biocompatibility, proper functionality and long-term durability in order to meet the considerable clinical demand for valve substitutes. Bioengineered valves obtained from acellular non-valvular scaffolds or decellularized native valves are proving to be a compelling alternative to mechanical and bioprosthetic valve implants, as they appear to permit repopulation by the host's own cells with associated tissue remodelling, growth and repair, besides showing less propensity to calcification and adequate hemodynamic performances. In this review, insights into valve calcification onset as revealed by in vivo and in vitro procalcific models are updated as well as advances in the field of valve bioengineering.
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Preservation strategies for decellularized pericardial scaffolds for off-the-shelf availability. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:208-221. [PMID: 30342283 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized biological scaffolds hold great promise in cardiovascular surgery. In order to ensure off-the-shelf availability, routine use of decellularized scaffolds requires tissue banking. In this study, the suitability of cryopreservation, vitrification and freeze-drying for the preservation of decellularized bovine pericardial (DBP) scaffolds was evaluated. Cryopreservation was conducted using 10% DMSO and slow-rate freezing. Vitrification was performed using vitrification solution (VS83) and rapid cooling. Freeze-drying was done using a programmable freeze-dryer and sucrose as lyoprotectant. The impact of the preservation methods on the DBP extracellular matrix structure, integrity and composition was assessed using histology, biomechanical testing, spectroscopic and thermal analysis, and biochemistry. In addition, the cytocompatibility of the preserved scaffolds was also assessed. All preservation methods were found to be suitable to preserve the extracellular matrix structure and its components, with no apparent signs of collagen deterioration or denaturation, or loss of elastin and glycosaminoglycans. Biomechanical testing, however, showed that the cryopreserved DBP displayed a loss of extensibility compared to vitrified or freeze-dried scaffolds, which both displayed similar biomechanical behavior compared to non-preserved control scaffolds. In conclusion, cryopreservation altered the biomechanical behavior of the DBP scaffolds, which might lead to graft dysfunction in vivo. In contrast to cryopreservation and vitrification, freeze-drying is performed with non-toxic protective agents and does not require storage at ultra-low temperatures, thus allowing for a cost-effective and easy storage and transport. Due to these advantages, freeze-drying is a preferable method for the preservation of decellularized pericardium. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical use of DBP scaffolds for surgical reconstructions or substitutions requires development of a preservation technology that does not alter scaffold properties during long-term storage. Conclusive investigation on adverse impacts of the preservation methods on DBP matrix integrity is still missing. This work is aiming to close this gap by studying three potential preservation technologies, cryopreservation, vitrification and freeze-drying, in order to achieve the off-the-shelf availability of DBP patches for clinical application. Furthermore, it provides novel insights for dry-preservation of decellularized xenogeneic scaffolds that can be used in the routine clinical cardiovascular practice, allowing the surgeon the opportunity to choose an ideal implant matching with the needs of each patient.
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Gal epitope expression and immunological properties in iGb3S deficient mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15433. [PMID: 30337628 PMCID: PMC6194060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gal antigen is synthesized by glycoprotein galactosyltransferase alpha 1, 3 (GGTA1) or (and) isoglobotrihexosylceramide 3 synthase (iGb3S). However, whether iGb3S deletion changes Gal epitope expression and immunological properties in animals is still not clear. The objective of this study was to develop iGb3S deficient mice, and characterize their Gal epitope expression and Gal epitope-related immunological properties. iGb3S gene knockout mice were generated on the C57BL/6 background using the bacterial artificial chromosome homology region recombination technique. Gal epitope expression in the iGb3S deficient mice was determined by using a monoclonal anti-Gal antibody. Immunological properties were analyzed by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay. It was found that Gal epitope expression was decreased from 5.19% to 21.74% in the main organs of iGb3S deficient mice, compared with that of C57BL/6 wild type mice, suggesting that the iGb3S gene participated to Gal epitope expression. However, iGb3S deletion alone did not cause significant changes in the immunological properties of iGb3S deficient mice with or without exogenous Gal antigen (Rabbit Red Blood Cell) stimulation. The data from this study suggest that the iGb3S gene likely contributes to Gal epitope expression, but may have a very weak effect on immunological properties of the iGb3S deficient mice.
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Lu Y, Shao A, Shan Y, Zhao H, Leiguo M, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Zhang W, Jin Y, Xu L. A standardized quantitative method for detecting remnant alpha-Gal antigen in animal tissues or animal tissue-derived biomaterials and its application. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15424. [PMID: 30337555 PMCID: PMC6194003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Gal (Gal) epitopes present in animal tissues are known to be the key xenoantigens that elicit xenorejection. However, a standardized method to determine Gal epitope in animal tissue-derived biomaterials does not exist. Herein, a standardized method for quantitative detection of Gal antigen was established based on an ELISA inhibition assay with Gal antibody. In this method, the key optimized experimental conditions were: (1) Gal-antigen positive and negative reference materials were developed, and used as positive and negative control in the test system, respectively; (2) A mixture of artificial Gal-BSA antigen plus Gal-negative matrix was used as the calibration standard sample, making it has similar composition with test sample; and (3) The lysis buffer was combined with the homogenate to expose the Gal antigen as much as possible. The results from validation and application experiments showed that the standardized method had good reproducibility (RSD = 12.48%), and the lower detection limit (LDL) is ~7.1 × 1011 Gal epitopes/reaction. This method has been further developed into a detection Kit (Meitan 70101, China), and it has been developed as a standard method for detecting remnant immunogen of animal tissue derived medical devices, and as the industry standard has been released in China. (YY/T 1561–2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 102629, Beijing, China.,School of Medical Lab Science and life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China.,Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anliang Shao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 102629, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Shan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 102629, Beijing, China.,School of Medical Lab Science and life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongni Zhao
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Leiguo
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinxi Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Regenerative Medical Implant Devices, Guanhao Biotech, Co., LTD, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Regenerative Medical Implant Devices, Guanhao Biotech, Co., LTD, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
| | - Liming Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 102629, Beijing, China. .,School of Medical Lab Science and life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China.
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Choe JA, Jana S, Tefft BJ, Hennessy RS, Go J, Morse D, Lerman A, Young MD. Biomaterial characterization of off-the-shelf decellularized porcine pericardial tissue for use in prosthetic valvular applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1608-1620. [PMID: 29749108 PMCID: PMC6055610 DOI: 10.1002/term.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fixed pericardial tissue is commonly used for commercially available xenograft valve implants, and has proven durability, but lacks the capability to remodel and grow. Decellularized porcine pericardial tissue has the promise to outperform fixed tissue and remodel, but the decellularization process has been shown to damage the collagen structure and reduce mechanical integrity of the tissue. Therefore, a comparison of uniaxial tensile properties was performed on decellularized, decellularized-sterilized, fixed, and native porcine pericardial tissue versus native valve leaflet cusps. The results of non-parametric analysis showed statistically significant differences (p < .05) between the stiffness of decellularized versus native pericardium and native cusps as well as fixed tissue, respectively; however, decellularized tissue showed large increases in elastic properties. Porosity testing of the tissues showed no statistical difference between decellularized and decell-sterilized tissue compared with native cusps (p > .05). Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that valvular endothelial and interstitial cells colonized the decellularized pericardial surface when seeded and grown for 30 days in static culture. Collagen assays and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed limited reductions in collagen with processing; yet glycosaminoglycan assays showed great reductions in the processed pericardium relative to native cusps. Decellularized pericardium had comparatively low mechanical properties among the groups studied; yet the stiffness was comparatively similar to the native cusps and demonstrated a lack of cytotoxicity. Suture retention, accelerated wear, and hydrodynamic testing of prototype decellularized and decell-sterilized valves showed positive functionality. Sterilized tissue could mimic valvular mechanical environment in vitro, therefore making it a viable potential candidate for off-the-shelf tissue-engineered valvular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Choe
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Soumen Jana
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | | | | | - Jason Go
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - David Morse
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
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29
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Shen X, Bai L, Cai L, Cao X. A geometric model for the human pulmonary valve in its fully open case. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199390. [PMID: 29940008 PMCID: PMC6016897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pulmonary valve, one of the key cardiac structures, plays an important role in circulatory system. However, there are few mathematical models to accurately simulate it. In this paper, we establish a geometric model of the normal human pulmonary valve from a mathematical perspective in the fully opening case. Based on the statistical data of the human pulmonary valves, we assume that the motions of the three cusps are symmetrical in the cardiac cycle. Thus, we first propose that each cusp is a part of the cylindrical shell according to its structure and physiological feature. The parameters for the pulmonary valve cusps in three-dimensional space are obtained by the fitting functions. We verify the accuracy of our results by comparing the areas of the pulmonary valve and pulmonary valve flap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Shen
- School of Sciences, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P.R.China.,NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation & Application in Cardiology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P.R.China
| | - Lin Bai
- School of Sciences, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P.R.China
| | - Li Cai
- NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation & Application in Cardiology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoshan Cao
- School of Sciences, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P.R.China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P.R.China
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30
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Daugs A, Lehmann N, Eroglu D, Meinke MC, Markhoff A, Bloch O. In VitroDetection System to Evaluate the Immunogenic Potential of Xenografts. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:280-288. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aila Daugs
- Auto Tissue Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Martina C. Meinke
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Liu X, Li N, Gong D, Xia C, Xu Z. Comparison of detergent-based decellularization protocols for the removal of antigenic cellular components in porcine aortic valve. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12380. [PMID: 29446183 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Lab; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Dejun Gong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Lab; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Cuiping Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Lab; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Lab; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
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32
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A sterilization method for decellularized xenogeneic cardiovascular scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2018; 67:282-294. [PMID: 29183849 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized xenogeneic scaffolds have shown promise to be employed as compatible and functional cardiovascular biomaterials. However, one of the main barriers to their clinical exploitation is the lack of appropriate sterilization procedures. This study investigated the efficiency of a two-step sterilization method, antibiotics/antimycotic (AA) cocktail and peracetic acid (PAA), on porcine and bovine decellularized pericardium. In order to assess the efficiency of the method, a sterilization assessment protocol was specifically designed, comprising: i) controlled contamination with a known amount of bacteria; ii) sterility test; iii) identification of contaminants through MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight) mass spectrometry and iv) quantification by the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. This sterilization assessment protocol proved to be a successful tool to monitor and optimize the proposed sterilization method. The treatment with AA + PAA method provided sterile scaffolds while preserving the structural integrity and biocompatibility of the decellularized porcine and bovine tissues. However, surface properties and cellular adhesion resulted slightly impaired on porcine pericardium. This work developed a sterilization method suitable for decellularized pericardial scaffolds that could be adopted for in vivo tissue engineering. Together with the proposed sterilization assessment protocol, this decontamination method will foster the clinical translation of decellularized xenogeneic substitutes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Clinical application of functional and compatible xenogeneic decellularized scaffolds has been delayed due to the lack of appropriate sterilization methodologies. In this study, it was investigated an effective sterilization method optimized for porcine and bovine decellularized pericardia, based on the use of antibiotics/antimycotics followed by peracetic acid treatment. This treatment effectively sterilizes both species scaffolds, proves to maintain tissue overall structure and components, preserves biocompatibility and biomechanical properties. Furthermore, it was also developed a sterilization assessment protocol used to monitor and validate the previous method, consisting in three main parts: i) controlled contamination; ii) sterility test, and iii) identification and quantification of contaminants. Both methodologies were optimized for the tissues in study but can be applied to other scaffolds and accelerate their clinical translation.
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33
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Naso F, Gandaglia A. Different approaches to heart valve decellularization: A comprehensive overview of the past 30 years. Xenotransplantation 2017; 25. [PMID: 29057501 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Xenogeneic decellularized heart valve scaffolds have the potential to overcome the limitations of existing bioprosthetic heart valves that have limited duration due to calcification and tissue degeneration phenomena. This article presents a review of 30 years of decellularization approaches adopted in cardiovascular tissue engineering, with a focus on the use, either individually or in combination, of different detergents. The safety and efficacy of cell-removal procedures are specifically reported and discussed, as well as the structure and biomechanics of the treated extracellular matrix (ECM). Detergent residues within the ECM, production of hyaluronan fragments, safe removal of cellular debris, and the persistence of the alpha-Gal epitope after the decellularization treatments are of particular interest as parameters for the identification of the best tissue for the manufacture of bioprostheses. Special attention has also been given to key factors that should be considered in the manufacture of the next generation of xenogeneic bioprostheses, where tissues must retain the ability to be remodeled and to grow in weight along with body reshaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Naso
- Biocompatibility Innovation Company, Este, Padova, Italy
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34
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Wu LC, Kuo YJ, Sun FW, Chen CH, Chiang CJ, Weng PW, Tsuang YH, Huang YY. Optimized decellularization protocol including α-Gal epitope reduction for fabrication of an acellular porcine annulus fibrosus scaffold. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 18:383-396. [PMID: 28342099 PMCID: PMC5587617 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in tissue engineering have led to potential new strategies, especially decellularization protocols from natural tissues, for the repair, replacement, and regeneration of intervertebral discs. This study aimed to validate our previously reported method for the decellularization of annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue and to quantify potentially antigenic α-Gal epitopes in the decellularized tissue. Porcine AF tissue was decellularized using different freeze-thaw temperatures, chemical detergents, and incubation times in order to determine the optimal method for cell removal. The integrity of the decellularized material was determined using biochemical and mechanical tests. The α-Gal epitope was quantified before and after decellularization. Decellularization with freeze-thaw in liquid nitrogen, an ionic detergent (0.1% SDS), and a 24 h incubation period yielded the greatest retention of GAG and collagen relative to DNA reduction when tested as single variables. Combined, these optimal decellularization conditions preserved more GAG while removing the same amount of DNA as the conditions used in our previous study. Components and biomechanical properties of the AF matrix were retained. The decellularized AF scaffold exhibited suitable immune-compatibility, as evidenced by successful in vivo remodeling and a decrease in the α-Gal epitope. Our study defined the optimal conditions for decellularization of porcine AF tissues while preserving the biological composition and mechanical properties of the scaffold. Under these conditions, immunocompatibility was evidenced by successful in vivo remodeling and reduction of the α-Gal epitope in the decellularized material. Decellularized AF scaffolds are potential candidates for clinical applications in spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Chen Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wen Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsien Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jung Chiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Weng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hwei Tsuang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-You Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Helder MRK, Stoyles NJ, Tefft BJ, Hennessy RS, Hennessy RRC, Dyer R, Witt T, Simari RD, Lerman A. Xenoantigenicity of porcine decellularized valves. J Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 12:56. [PMID: 28716099 PMCID: PMC5514525 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-017-0621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The xenoantigenicity of porcine bioprosthetic valves is implicated as an etiology leading to calcification and subsequent valve failure. Decellularization of porcine valves theoretically could erase the antigenicity of the tissue leading to more durable prosthetic valves, but the effectiveness of decellularization protocols in regard to completely removing antigens has yet to be verified. Our hypothesis was that decellularization would remove the more abundant α-gal antigens but not remove all the non α-gal antigens, which could mount a response. Methods Porcine aortic valves were decellularized with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 4 days. Decellularized cusps were evaluated for α-gal epitopes by ELISA. To test for non α-gal antigens, valves were implanted into sheep. Serum was obtained from the sheep preoperatively and 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months postoperatively. This serum was utilized for anti-porcine antibody staining and for quantification of anti-pig IgM and IgG antibodies and complement. Results Decellularized porcine cusps had 2.8 ± 2.0% relative α-gal epitope as compared to fresh porcine aortic valve cusps and was not statistically significantly different (p = 0.4) from the human aortic valve cusp which had a 2.0 ± 0.4% relative concentration. Anti-pig IgM and IgG increased postoperatively from baseline levels. Preoperatively anti-pig IgM was 27.7 ± 1.7 μg/mL and it increased to 71.9 ± 12.1 μg/mL average of all time points postoperatively (p = 0.04). Preoperatively anti-pig IgG in sheep serum was 44.9 ± 1.5 μg/mL and it increased to 72.6 ± 6.0 μg/mL average of all time points postoperatively (p = 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.00007) in the serum C1q concentration before valve implantation (2.5 ± 0.2 IU/mL) and at averaged time points after valve implantation (5.3 ± 0.3 IU/mL). Conclusions Decellularization with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate does not fully eliminate non α-gal antigens; however, significant reduction in α-gal presence on decellularized cusps was observed. Clinical implications of the non α-gal antigenic response are yet to be determined. As such, evaluation of any novel decellularized xenografts must include rigorous antigen testing prior to human trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13019-017-0621-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas J Stoyles
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Brandon J Tefft
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ryan S Hennessy
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rebecca R C Hennessy
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Roy Dyer
- Divisions of Immunochemical Core Lab, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tyra Witt
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Robert D Simari
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Natural Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine: Direct Determination of Detergents Entrapped in Decellularized Heart Valves. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9274135. [PMID: 28676861 PMCID: PMC5476881 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9274135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The increasing urgency for replacement of pathological heart valves is a major stimulus for research on alternatives to glutaraldehyde-treated grafts. New xenogeneic acellular heart valve substitutes that can be repopulated by host cells are currently under investigation. Anionic surfactants, including bile acids, have been widely used to eliminate the resident cell components chiefly responsible for the immunogenicity of the tissue, even if detergent toxicity might present limitations to the survival and/or functional expression of the repopulating cells. To date, the determination of residual detergent has been carried out almost exclusively on the washings following cell removal procedures. Here, a novel HPLC-based procedure is proposed for the direct quantification of detergent (cholate, deoxycholate, and taurodeoxycholate) residues entrapped in the scaffold of decellularized porcine aortic and pulmonary valves. The method was demonstrated to be sensitive, reproducible, and extendable to different types of detergent. This assessment also revealed that cell-depleted heart valve scaffolds prepared according to procedures currently considered for clinical use might contain significant amount of surfactant.
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Fioretta ES, Dijkman PE, Emmert MY, Hoerstrup SP. The future of heart valve replacement: recent developments and translational challenges for heart valve tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e323-e335. [PMID: 27696730 DOI: 10.1002/term.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart valve replacement is often the only solution for patients suffering from valvular heart disease. However, currently available valve replacements require either life-long anticoagulation or are associated with valve degeneration and calcification. Moreover, they are suboptimal for young patients, because they do not adapt to the somatic growth. Tissue-engineering has been proposed as a promising approach to fulfil the urgent need for heart valve replacements with regenerative and growth capacity. This review will start with an overview on the currently available valve substitutes and the techniques for heart valve replacement. The main focus will be on the evolution of and different approaches for heart valve tissue engineering, namely the in vitro, in vivo and in situ approaches. More specifically, several heart valve tissue-engineering studies will be discussed with regard to their shortcomings or successes and their possible suitability for novel minimally invasive implantation techniques. As in situ heart valve tissue engineering based on cell-free functionalized starter materials is considered to be a promising approach for clinical translation, this review will also analyse the techniques used to tune the inflammatory response and cell recruitment upon implantation in order to stir a favourable outcome: controlling the blood-material interface, regulating the cytokine release, and influencing cell adhesion and differentiation. In the last section, the authors provide their opinion about the future developments and the challenges towards clinical translation and adaptation of heart valve tissue engineering for valve replacement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela S Fioretta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra E Dijkman
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Wyss Translational Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Wyss Translational Center Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
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Aguiari P, Iop L, Favaretto F, Fidalgo CML, Naso F, Milan G, Vindigni V, Spina M, Bassetto F, Bagno A, Vettor R, Gerosa G. In vitro
comparative assessment of decellularized bovine pericardial patches and commercial bioprosthetic heart valves. Biomed Mater 2017; 12:015021. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa5644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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39
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Di Liddo R, Aguiari P, Barbon S, Bertalot T, Mandoli A, Tasso A, Schrenk S, Iop L, Gandaglia A, Parnigotto PP, Conconi MT, Gerosa G. Nanopatterned acellular valve conduits drive the commitment of blood-derived multipotent cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5041-5055. [PMID: 27789941 PMCID: PMC5068475 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in recent years toward elucidating the correlation among nanoscale topography, mechanical properties, and biological behavior of cardiac valve substitutes. Porcine TriCol scaffolds are promising valve tissue engineering matrices with demonstrated self-repopulation potentiality. In order to define an in vitro model for investigating the influence of extracellular matrix signaling on the growth pattern of colonizing blood-derived cells, we cultured circulating multipotent cells (CMC) on acellular aortic (AVL) and pulmonary (PVL) valve conduits prepared with TriCol method and under no-flow condition. Isolated by our group from Vietnamese pigs before heart valve prosthetic implantation, porcine CMC revealed high proliferative abilities, three-lineage differentiative potential, and distinct hematopoietic/endothelial and mesenchymal properties. Their interaction with valve extracellular matrix nanostructures boosted differential messenger RNA expression pattern and morphologic features on AVL compared to PVL, while promoting on both matrices the commitment to valvular and endothelial cell-like phenotypes. Based on their origin from peripheral blood, porcine CMC are hypothesized in vivo to exert a pivotal role to homeostatically replenish valve cells and contribute to hetero- or allograft colonization. Furthermore, due to their high responsivity to extracellular matrix nanostructure signaling, porcine CMC could be useful for a preliminary evaluation of heart valve prosthetic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova; Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS
| | - Paola Aguiari
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova; Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS
| | - Thomas Bertalot
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova
| | - Alessia Tasso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova
| | - Sandra Schrenk
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova
| | - Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gandaglia
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Parnigotto
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova; Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Abstract
The availability of cells, tissues and organs from a non-human species such as the pig could, at least in theory, meet the demand of organs necessary for clinical transplantation. At this stage, the important goal of getting over the first year of survival has been reported for both cellular and solid organ xenotransplantation in relevant preclinical primate models. In addition, xenotransplantation is already in the clinic as shown by the broad use of animal-derived medical devices, such as bioprosthetic heart valves and biological materials used for surgical tissue repair. At this stage, however, prior to starting a wide-scale clinical application of xenotransplantation of viable cells and organs, the important obstacle represented by the humoral immune response will need to be overcome. Likewise, the barriers posed by the activation of the innate immune system and coagulative pathway will have to be controlled. As far as xenogeneic nonviable xenografts, increasing evidence suggests that considerable immune reactions, mediated by both innate and adaptive immunity, take place and influence the long-term outcome of xenogeneic materials in patients, possibly precluding the use of bioprosthetic heart valves in young individuals. In this context, the present article provides an overview of current knowledge on the immune processes following xenotransplantation and on the possible therapeutic interventions to overcome the immunological drawbacks involved in xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vadori
- CORIT (Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation), Via dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - E Cozzi
- CORIT (Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation), Via dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.,Transplant Immunology Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
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41
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Hussein KH, Park KM, Kang KS, Woo HM. Biocompatibility evaluation of tissue-engineered decellularized scaffolds for biomedical application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 67:766-778. [PMID: 27287176 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials based on seeding of cells on decellularized scaffolds have gained increasing interest in the last few years and suggested to serve as an alternative approach to bioengineer artificial organs and tissues for transplantation. The reaction of the host toward the decellularized scaffold and transplanted cells depends on the biocompatibility of the construct. Before proceeding to the clinical application step of decellularized scaffolds, it is greatly important to apply a number of biocompatibility tests in vitro and in vivo. This review describes the different methodology involved in cytotoxicity, pathogenicity, immunogenicity and biodegradability testing for evaluating the biocompatibility of various decellularized matrices obtained from human or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Hany Hussein
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea; Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea; Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea; Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea; Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Institue of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Heung-Myong Woo
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea; Institue of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, South Korea; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA.
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42
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Decellularized GGTA1-KO pig heart valves do not bind preformed human xenoantibodies. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gallo M, Bonetti A, Poser H, Naso F, Bottio T, Bianco R, Paolin A, Franci P, Busetto R, Frigo AC, Buratto E, Spina M, Marchini M, Ortolani F, Iop L, Gerosa G. Decellularized aortic conduits: could their cryopreservation affect post-implantation outcomes? A morpho-functional study on porcine homografts. Heart Vessels 2016; 31:1862-1873. [PMID: 27115146 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-016-0839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized porcine aortic valve conduits (AVCs) implanted in a Vietnamese Pig (VP) experimental animal model were matched against decellularized and then cryopreserved AVCs to assess the effect of cryopreservation on graft hemodynamic performance and propensity to in vivo repopulation by host's cells. VPs (n = 12) underwent right ventricular outflow tract substitution using AVC allografts and were studied for 15-month follow-up. VPs were randomized into two groups, receiving AVCs treated with decellularization alone (D; n = 6) or decellularization/cryopreservation (DC; n = 6), respectively. Serial echocardiography was carried out to follow up hemodynamic function. All explanted AVCs were processed for light and electron microscopy. No signs of dilatation, progressive stenosis, regurgitation, and macroscopic calcification were echocardiographically observed in both D and DC groups. Explanted D grafts exhibited near-normal features, whereas the presence of calcification, inflammatory infiltrates, and disarray of elastic lamellae occurred in some DC grafts. In the unaltered regions of AVCs from both groups, almost complete re-endothelialization was observed for both valve cusps and aorta walls. In addition, side-by-side repopulation by recipient's fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells was paralleled by ongoing tissue remodeling, as revealed by the ultrastructural identification of typical canals of collagen fibrillogenesis and elastogenesis-related features. Incipient neo-vascularization and re-innervation of medial and adventitial tunicae of grafted aortic walls were also detected for both D and DC groups. Cryopreservation did not affect post-implantation AVC hemodynamic behavior and was topically propensive to cell repopulation and tissue renewal, although graft deterioration including calcification was present in several areas. Thus, these preliminary data provide essential information on feasibility of decellularization and cryopreservation coupling in the perspective of treatment optimization and subsequent clinical trials using similarly treated human allografts as innovative heart valve substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gallo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Antonella Bonetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Helen Poser
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Filippo Naso
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Tomaso Bottio
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Adolfo Paolin
- Tissue Bank of Veneto Region, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Paolo Franci
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Busetto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Frigo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Edward Buratto
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michele Spina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fulvia Ortolani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.,Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Biomedical Campus Pietro d'Abano, Padua, Italy
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.,Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Biomedical Campus Pietro d'Abano, Padua, Italy
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44
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Pouliot RA, Link PA, Mikhaiel NS, Schneck MB, Valentine MS, Kamga Gninzeko FJ, Herbert JA, Sakagami M, Heise RL. Development and characterization of a naturally derived lung extracellular matrix hydrogel. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1922-35. [PMID: 27012815 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The complexity and rapid clearance mechanisms of lung tissue make it difficult to develop effective treatments for many chronic pathologies. We are investigating lung derived extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels as a novel approach for delivery of cellular therapies to the pulmonary system. The main objectives of this study include effective decellularization of porcine lung tissue, development of a hydrogel from the porcine ECM, and characterization of the material's composition, mechanical properties, and ability to support cellular growth. Our evaluation of the decellularized tissue indicated successful removal of cellular material and immunogenic remnants in the ECM. The self-assembly of the lung ECM hydrogel was rapid, reaching maximum modulus values within 3 min at 37°C. Rheological characterization showed the lung ECM hydrogel to have a concentration dependent storage modulus between 15 and 60 Pa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our novel ECM derived hydrogel and measure its ability to support 3D culture of MSCs in vitro and in vivo delivery of MSCs. Our in vitro experiments using human mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated our novel ECM hydrogel's ability to enhance cellular attachment and viability. Our in vivo experiments demonstrated that rat MSC delivery in pre-gel solution significantly increased cell retention in the lung over 24 h in an emphysema rat model. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1922-1935, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Pouliot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Patrick A Link
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nabil S Mikhaiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Matthew B Schneck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Michael S Valentine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Joseph A Herbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Masahiro Sakagami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rebecca L Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Aguiari P, Fiorese M, Iop L, Gerosa G, Bagno A. Mechanical testing of pericardium for manufacturing prosthetic heart valves. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015; 22:72-84. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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46
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Guided tissue regeneration in heart valve replacement: from preclinical research to first-in-human trials. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:432901. [PMID: 26495295 PMCID: PMC4606187 DOI: 10.1155/2015/432901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart valve tissue-guided regeneration aims to offer a functional and viable alternative to current prosthetic replacements. Not requiring previous cell seeding and conditioning in bioreactors, such exceptional tissue engineering approach is a very fascinating translational regenerative strategy. After in vivo implantation, decellularized heart valve scaffolds drive their same repopulation by recipient's cells for a prospective autologous-like tissue reconstruction, remodeling, and adaptation to the somatic growth of the patient. With such a viability, tissue-guided regenerated conduits can be delivered as off-the-shelf biodevices and possess all the potentialities for a long-lasting resolution of the dramatic inconvenience of heart valve diseases, both in children and in the elderly. A review on preclinical and clinical investigations of this therapeutic concept is provided with evaluation of the issues still to be well deliberated for an effective and safe in-human application.
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47
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Kim MS, Lim HG, Kim YJ. Calcification of decellularized and alpha-galactosidase-treated bovine pericardial tissue in an alpha-Gal knock-out mouse implantation model: comparison with primate pericardial tissue. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:894-900. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Barone A, Benktander J, Teneberg S, Breimer ME. Characterization of acid and non-acid glycosphingolipids of porcine heart valve cusps as potential immune targets in biological heart valve grafts. Xenotransplantation 2014; 21:510-22. [PMID: 25041314 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although xenotransplantation of vascularized organs/cells has not yet reached the clinic, glutaraldehyde-treated bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV), derived from porcine or bovine tissues, are today used for clinical replacement of diseased heart valves. However, the durability of these valve cusps is limited partly due to the onset of immune responses to the grafts. The xenoantigen-determinant Galα3Gal- and corresponding anti-Gal antibodies have been postulated to in part contribute to BHV damage. However, the presence of other non-Gal carbohydrate antigen determinants as well as the immune response to these non-Gal antigens and the inflammatory response generated by their interaction with the immune system has not been studied. In this study, we have isolated and structurally characterized both non-acid and acid glycosphingolipids from naïve porcine aortic and pulmonary valve cusps. METHODS Total non-acid and acid glycosphingolipids were isolated from porcine aortic and pulmonalis valve cusps of 20 animals. Glycosphingolipid components were structurally characterized by thin-layer chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and binding of monoclonal antibodies and lectins. RESULTS The non-acid glycosphingolipids were characterized as globotetraosylceramide, H-type 2 pentaosylceramide, fucosyl-gangliotetraosylceramide, and Galα3neolactotetraosylceramide. The acid glycosphingolipid fractions had both sulfatide and gangliosides (GM3, GM2, GM1, fucosyl-GM1, GD3 and GD1a), and all gangliosides contained N-acetyl-neuraminic acid. Significantly, the N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (NeuGc) variant, a major component in many pig organs and to which humans can develop antibodies, was not detected among the gangliosides. CONCLUSIONS Pig valve cusps contain several complex lipid-bound carbohydrate structures that may be targets for the human immune system. Notable, the NeuGc determinant was absent in the cusp gangliosides. This work forms a platform for further characterizing the antibody reactivity of patients with porcine-derived BHV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Barone
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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49
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Decellularized allogeneic heart valves demonstrate self-regeneration potential after a long-term preclinical evaluation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99593. [PMID: 24940754 PMCID: PMC4062459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered heart valves are proposed as novel viable replacements granting longer durability and growth potential. However, they require extensive in vitro cell-conditioning in bioreactor before implantation. Here, the propensity of non-preconditioned decellularized heart valves to spontaneous in body self-regeneration was investigated in a large animal model. Decellularized porcine aortic valves were evaluated for right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction in Vietnamese Pigs (n = 11) with 6 (n = 5) and 15 (n = 6) follow-up months. Repositioned native valves (n = 2 for each time) were considered as control. Tissue and cell components from explanted valves were investigated by histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and gene expression. Most substitutes constantly demonstrated in vivo adequate hemodynamic performances and ex vivo progressive repopulation during the 15 implantation months without signs of calcifications, fibrosis and/or thrombosis, as revealed by histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, metabolic and transcriptomic profiles. Colonizing cells displayed native-like phenotypes and actively synthesized novel extracellular matrix elements, as collagen and elastin fibers. New mature blood vessels, i.e. capillaries and vasa vasorum, were identified in repopulated valves especially in the medial and adventitial tunicae of regenerated arterial walls. Such findings correlated to the up-regulated vascular gene transcription. Neoinnervation hallmarks were appreciated at histological and ultrastructural levels. Macrophage populations with reparative M2 phenotype were highly represented in repopulated valves. Indeed, no aspects of adverse/immune reaction were revealed in immunohistochemical and transcriptomic patterns. Among differentiated elements, several cells were identified expressing typical stem cell markers of embryonic, hematopoietic, neural and mesenchymal lineages in significantly higher number and specific topographic distribution in respect to control valves. Following the longest follow-up ever realized in preclinical models, non-preconditioned decellularized allogeneic valves offer suitable microenvironment for in vivo cell homing and tissue remodeling. Manufactured with simple, timesaving and cost-effective procedures, these promising valve replacements hold promise to become an effective alternative, especially for pediatric patients.
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50
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Byrne GW, McGregor CGA. First quantification of alpha-Gal epitope in current glutaraldehyde-fixed heart valve bioprosthesis (by Naso et al.). Xenotransplantation 2013; 21:11-2. [PMID: 24188452 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guerard W Byrne
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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