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Xu F, Zhao G, Gong Y, Liang X, Yu M, Cui H, Xie L, Zhu N, Zhu X, Shao X, Qi K, Lu B, Tu J, Na S. Enhancement of Osseointegration via Endogenous Electric Field by Regulating the Charge Microenvironments around Implants. Adv Healthc Mater 2025; 14:e2403388. [PMID: 39757756 PMCID: PMC11874649 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202403388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025]
Abstract
The regulation of the charged microenvironment around implants is an effective way to promote osseointegration. Although homeostasis of the charged microenvironment plays an integral role in tissues, current research is externally invasive and unsuitable for clinical applications. In this study, functional materials with different surface potential differences are prepared by changing the spatial layout of Ta and Ag on the surface of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy (TC4). This naturally formed an endogenous electric field (EEF) with a negatively charged cell membrane after in vivo implantation and promoted osseointegration at the interface between the bone and implant through the upregulation of Ca2+ concentration and activation of subsequent pathways. Interestingly, the promotion of stem cell differentiation, regulation of the direction of immune cell polarization, and antibacterial efficacy are determined by the free charge contained in the implant, rather than by the magnitude of the surface potential difference. This functional implant represents a unique strategy for regulating the charged microenvironment around the implant and enhancing osseointegration, thereby providing ideas and technical approaches for the clinical development of novel implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchCollege of StomatologyXi’ an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial DiseasesCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710004China
| | - Guangbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System EngineeringSchool of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710054China
| | - Yuxin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchCollege of StomatologyXi’ an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial DiseasesCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
| | - Xiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchCollege of StomatologyXi’ an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial DiseasesCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710004China
| | - Ming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchCollege of StomatologyXi’ an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial DiseasesCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
| | - Hao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchCollege of StomatologyXi’ an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial DiseasesCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710004China
| | - Linyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchCollege of StomatologyXi’ an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial DiseasesCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710004China
| | - Nan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System EngineeringSchool of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710054China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System EngineeringSchool of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710054China
| | - Xiaoxi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgerySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 West Changle RoadXi'an710032China
| | - Kun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchCollege of StomatologyXi’ an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial DiseasesCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Department of OrthodonticsCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710004China
| | - Bingheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System EngineeringSchool of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710054China
| | - Junbo Tu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchCollege of StomatologyXi’ an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial DiseasesCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710004China
| | - Sijia Na
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchCollege of StomatologyXi’ an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial DiseasesCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’ an710004China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710004China
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2
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Paiwand S, Schäfer S, Kopp A, Beikler T, Fiedler I, Gosau M, Fuest S, Smeets R. Antibacterial potential of silver and zinc loaded plasma-electrolytic oxidation coatings for dental titanium implants. Int J Implant Dent 2025; 11:12. [PMID: 39960576 PMCID: PMC11833008 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-025-00595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is known as an inflammatory condition affecting the soft and hard tissue around dental implants. A promising strategy to prevent these conditions is the use of antibacterial implants. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of titanium (Ti) dental implants modified using plasma-electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The modified surfaces were subsequently loaded with silver (Ag) (n = 6) and zinc (Zn) (n = 6) ions and compared to unloaded Ti specimens (n = 6), with untreated specimens serving as controls. The specimens (each n = 5) were incubated in a culture medium containing a mixture of specific anaerobic bacterial strains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the bacterial biofilm on each specimen. In addition, total bacterial deoxxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the number of viable bacteria were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-PCR) and colony forming unit analysis (CFU), respectively. The results of the CFU analysis showed a 2 log (99%) reduction in viable bacteria in the samples loaded with Ag and Zn compared to the unloaded control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, significantly lower bacterial DNA counts were detected with a 5 log reduction (99.999%) in the Ag and Zn samples compared to the positive control group (bacterial mixed culture solution, p < 0.05). Therefore, it was considered that Ag and Zn loaded Ti implants may be a promising addition to current approaches to enable advanced antibacterial dental implants. However, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the in vivo cytocompatibility of the developed specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabawun Paiwand
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sogand Schäfer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Devision of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Thomas Beikler
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Fuest
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Devision of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Devision of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Zhang Y, Sun N, Hu F, Zhang W, Gao Q, Bai Q, Zheng C, Chen Q, Han Y, Lu T. Combined release of LL37 peptide and zinc ion from a mussel-inspired coating on porous titanium for infected bone defect repairing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 244:114181. [PMID: 39216443 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Implant-associated infections impose great burden on patient health and public healthcare. Antimicrobial peptides and metal ions are generally incorporated onto implant surface to deter bacteria colonization. However, it is still challenging to efficiently prevent postoperative infections at non-cytotoxic dosages. Herein, a scaffold based on porous titanium coated with a mussel-inspired dual-diameter TiO2 nanotubes is developed for loading dual drugs of LL37 peptide and Zn2+ with different sizes and characteristics. Benefiting from in-situ formed polydopamine layer and dual-diameter nanotubular structure, the scaffold provides an efficient platform for controllable drugs elution: accelerated release under acidic condition and sustained release for up to 28 days under neutral/alkalescent circumstances. Such combination of dual drugs simultaneously enhanced antibacterial efficacy and osteogenesis. In antibacterial test, LL37 peptide serving as bacteria membrane puncture agent, and Zn2+ acting as ROS generator, cooperatively destroyed bacterial membrane integrity and subsequently damaged bacterial DNA, endowing dual-drug loaded scaffold with remarkable bactericidal efficiency of > 92 % in vitro and > 99 % in vivo. Noteworthily, dual-drug loaded scaffold promoted bone-implant osteointegration under infectious microenvironment, overmatching single-drug load ones. It provides a promising strategy on surface modification of implant for infected bone defect repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Fangfang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Que Bai
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Caiyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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4
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Shevtsov M, Pitkin E, Combs SE, Yudintceva N, Nazarov D, Meulen GVD, Preucil C, Akkaoui M, Pitkin M. Biocompatibility Analysis of the Silver-Coated Microporous Titanium Implants Manufactured with 3D-Printing Technology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1876. [PMID: 39683264 PMCID: PMC11643975 DOI: 10.3390/nano14231876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
3D-printed microporous titanium scaffolds enjoy good biointegration with the residuum's soft and bone tissues, and they promote excellent biomechanical properties in attached prostheses. Implant-associated infection, however, remains a major clinical challenge. Silver-based implant coatings can potentially reduce bacterial growth and inhibit biofilm formation, thereby reducing the risk of periprosthetic infections. In the current study, a 1-µm thick silver coating was prepared on the surface of a 3D-printed microporous titanium alloy with physical vapor deposition (PVD), with a final silver content of 1.00 ± 02 mg/cm2. Cell viability was evaluated with an MTT assay of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and human dermal fibroblasts cultured on the surface of the implants, and showed low cytotoxicity for cells during the 14-day follow-up period. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the relative gene expression of the extracellular matrix components (fibronectin, vitronectin, type I collagen) and cell adhesion markers (α2, α5, αV, β1 integrins) in dermal fibroblasts showed that cell adhesion was not reduced by the silver coating of the microporous implants. An RT-PCR analysis of gene expression related to osteogenic differentiation, including TGF-β1, SMAD4, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteonectin in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, demonstrated that silver coating did not reduce the osteogenic activity of cells and, to the contrary, enhanced the activity of the TGF-β signaling pathway. For representative sample S5 on day 14, the gene expression levels were 7.15 ± 0.29 (osteonectin), 6.08 ± 0.12 (osteocalcin), and 11.19 ± 0.77 (osteopontin). In conclusion, the data indicate that the silver coating of the microporous titanium implants did not reduce the biointegrative or osteoinductive properties of the titanium scaffold, a finding that argues in favor of applying this coating in designing personalized osseointegrated implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Shevtsov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Emil Pitkin
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Natalia Yudintceva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Denis Nazarov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab, 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | - Chris Preucil
- Movora, St. Augustine, FL 32095, USA; (G.V.D.M.); (C.P.)
| | | | - Mark Pitkin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Poly-Orth International, Sharon, MA 02067, USA
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5
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Joseph A, Uthirapathy V. A Systematic Review of the Contribution of Additive Manufacturing toward Orthopedic Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:44042-44075. [PMID: 39524636 PMCID: PMC11541519 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Human bone holds an inherent capacity for repairing itself from trauma and damage, but concerning the severity of the defect, the choice of implant placement is a must. Additive manufacturing has become an elite option due to its various specifications such as patient-specific custom development of implants and its easy fabrication rather than the conventional methods used over the years. Additive manufacturing allows customization of the pore size, porosity, various mechanical properties, and complex structure design and formulation. Selective laser melting, powder bed fusion, electron beam melting, and fused deposition modeling are the various AM methods used extensively for implant fabrication. Metals, polymers, biocrystals, composites, and bio-HEA materials are used for implant fabrication for various applications. A wide variety of polymer implants are fabricated using additive manufacturing for nonload-bearing applications, and β-tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass, etc. are mainly used as ceramic materials in additive manufacturing due to the biological properties that could be imparted by the latter. For decades metals have played a major role in implant fabrication, and additive manufacturing of metals provides an easy approach to implant fabrication with augmented qualities. Various challenges and setbacks faced in the fabrication need postprocessing such as sintering, coating, surface polishing, etc. The emergence of bio-HEA materials, printing of shape memory implants, and five-dimensional printing are the trends of the era in additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphonsa Joseph
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Uthirapathy
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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6
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Dei Rossi G, Vergani LM, Buccino F. A Novel Triad of Bio-Inspired Design, Digital Fabrication, and Bio-Derived Materials for Personalised Bone Repair. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:5305. [PMID: 39517582 PMCID: PMC11547793 DOI: 10.3390/ma17215305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
The emerging paradigm of personalised bone repair embodies a transformative triad comprising bio-inspired design, digital fabrication, and the exploration of innovative materials. The increasing average age of the population, alongside the rising incidence of fractures associated with age-related conditions such as osteoporosis, necessitates the development of customised, efficient, and minimally invasive treatment modalities as alternatives to conventional methods (e.g., autografts, allografts, Ilizarov distraction, and bone fixators) typically employed to promote bone regeneration. A promising innovative technique involves the use of cellularised scaffolds incorporating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The selection of materials-ranging from metals and ceramics to synthetic or natural bio-derived polymers-combined with a design inspired by natural sources (including bone, corals, algae, shells, silk, and plants) facilitates the replication of geometries, architectures, porosities, biodegradation capabilities, and mechanical properties conducive to physiological bone regeneration. To mimic internal structures and geometries for construct customisation, scaffolds can be designed using Computer-aided Design (CAD) and fabricated via 3D-printing techniques. This approach not only enables precise control over external shapes and internal architectures but also accommodates the use of diverse materials that improve biological performance and provide economic advantages. Finally, advanced numerical models are employed to simulate, analyse, and optimise the complex processes involved in personalised bone regeneration, with computational predictions validated against experimental data and in vivo studies to ascertain the model's ability to predict the recovery of bone shape and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Dei Rossi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (DMEC), Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy; (G.D.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Laura Maria Vergani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (DMEC), Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy; (G.D.R.); (F.B.)
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Via Cristina Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Buccino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (DMEC), Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy; (G.D.R.); (F.B.)
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Via Cristina Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milan, Italy
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7
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Yuan P, Chen M, Lu X, Yang H, Wang L, Bai T, Zhou W, Liu T, Yu S. Application of advanced surface modification techniques in titanium-based implants: latest strategies for enhanced antibacterial properties and osseointegration. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:10516-10549. [PMID: 39311411 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Titanium-based implants, renowned for their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, have found widespread application as premier implant materials in the medical field. However, as bioinert materials, they often face challenges such as implant failure caused by bacterial infections and inadequate osseointegration post-implantation. Thus, to address these issues, researchers have developed various surface modification techniques to enhance the surface properties and bioactivity of titanium-based implants. This review aims to outline several key surface modification methods for titanium-based implants, including acid etching, sol-gel method, chemical vapor deposition, electrochemical techniques, layer-by-layer self-assembly, and chemical grafting. It briefly summarizes the advantages, limitations, and potential applications of these technologies, presenting readers with a comprehensive perspective on the latest advances and trends in the surface modification of titanium-based implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyun Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metallic Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an, 710016, China.
| | - Mi Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metallic Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an, 710016, China.
| | - Xiaotong Lu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metallic Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an, 710016, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metallic Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an, 710016, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metallic Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an, 710016, China.
| | - Tian Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metallic Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an, 710016, China.
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metallic Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an, 710016, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Sen Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metallic Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an, 710016, China.
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8
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Jędrzejewska A, Arkusz K. Mechanism and growth kinetics of hexagonal TiO 2 nanotubes with an influence of anodizing parameters on morphology and physical properties. Sci Rep 2024; 14:24721. [PMID: 39433811 PMCID: PMC11494093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-76336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hexagonal TiO2 nanotubes (hTNTs) mimic a honeycomb structure, indicating their high potential as implantable materials due to their superior mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. However, the fabrication of hTNTs with a hexagonal base and six rectangular sides poses significant challenges, underscoring the importance of this research. This study developed a novel sonoelectrochemical method for synthesizing uniform hTNTs and evaluated the influence of anodizing parameters on their morphology. The effects of electrolyte concentration (ethylene glycol 90-97.5% and ammonium fluoride 0.1-0.5 wt%) and anodizing parameters (time 5-90 min, potential 10-80 V) on the morphology (diameter and length) and physical properties (porosity, specific surface area, growth factor) of hTNTs were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and anodization analysis. The methodology enabled the synthesis of hTNTs with diameters ranging from 33 ± 3 nm to 203 ± 33 nm and lengths from 1.16 ± 0.04 μm to 20.93 ± 2.37 μm. The study demonstrated that the concentrations of ethylene glycol and ammonium fluoride influenced the diameter and length of hTNTs depending on the anodizing potential. Moreover, the anodizing potential significantly affected the diameter, while both potential and time impacted the length of hTNTs. The proposed method can modify material surfaces for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jędrzejewska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, 9 Licealna Street, Zielona Gora, 65-417, Poland
- The Doctoral School of Exact and Technical Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, 65-417, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Arkusz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, 9 Licealna Street, Zielona Gora, 65-417, Poland.
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Popova A, Advakhova DY, Sheveyko AN, Kuptsov KA, Slukin P, Ignatov SG, Ilnitskaya A, Timoshenko RV, Erofeev AS, Kuchmizhak AA, Subramanian B, Shtansky DV. Synergistic Bactericidal Effect of Zn 2+ Ions and Reactive Oxygen Species Generated in Response to Either UV or X-ray Irradiation of Zn-Doped Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation TiO 2 Coatings. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5579-5596. [PMID: 39012035 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Zn-containing TiO2-based coatings with Na, Ca, Si, and K additives were obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of Ti in order to achieve an effective and broad bactericidal protection without compromising biocompatibility. A protocol has been developed for cleaning the coating surface from electrolyte residues, ensuring the preservation of the microstructure and composition of the surface layer. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, three characteristic microstructural zones in the PEO-Zn coating are well documented: zone 1 with a TiO2-based nanocrystalline structure, zone 2 with an amorphous structure, and zone 3 around pores with an amorphous-nanocrystalline structure. The excellent cytocompatibility of PEO-Zn samples was confirmed by three different methods: monitoring the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, assessing the viability of sheep osteoblast cells using calcein-AM staining and fluorescence microscopy, and incubation with spheroids based on primary osteoblast cells and mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. The PEO-Zn coatings absorb >60% of the incident light over the UV and Vis-NIR spectral ranges. After 24 h, the PEO-Zn coatings completely inactivate four types of strains: Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus CSA154 and ATCC29213 and Gram-negative Escherichia coli K261 and U20, and also prevent E. coli U20 and K261 biofilm formation. The superior antibacterial activity is associated with the synergistic effect of Zn2+ ions in safe concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in response to either UV irradiation or soft short-term X-ray irradiation. The X-ray irradiation-induced ROS formation by a PEO coating is reported for the first time. The enhanced bactericidal activity after X-ray irradiation compared to UV illumination is attributed to the more intense ROS generation in the first few hours. The results obtained significantly expand the possibilities of using PEO coatings on the surfaces of titanium implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Popova
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Darya Yu Advakhova
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow 119049, Russia
| | | | | | - Pavel Slukin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow 119049, Russia
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk 142279, Russia
| | - Sergei G Ignatov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow 119049, Russia
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk 142279, Russia
| | - Alla Ilnitskaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Roman V Timoshenko
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Alexander S Erofeev
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Kuchmizhak
- Institute for Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
- Pacific Quantum Center, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | - Balasubramanian Subramanian
- Electroplating and Metal Finishing Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu
| | - Dmitry V Shtansky
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow 119049, Russia
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Emadikhiav A, Mafigholami R, Davood A, Mahvi A, Salimi L. A review on hazards and treatment methods of released antibiotics in hospitals wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:820. [PMID: 39154115 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Drugs and related goods are widely used in order to promote public health and the quality of life. One of the most serious environmental challenges affecting public health is the ongoing presence of antibiotics in the effluents generated by pharmaceutical industries and hospitals. Antibiotics cannot be entirely removed from wastewater using the traditional wastewater treatment methods. Unmetabolized antibiotics generated by humans can be found in urban and livestock effluent. The antibiotic present in effluent contributes to issues with resistance to antibiotics and the creation of superbugs. Over the recent 2 years, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has substantially boosted hospital waste volume. In this situation, a detailed literature review was conducted to highlight the harmful effects of untreated hospital waste and outline the best approaches to manage it. Approximately 50 to 70% of the emerging contaminants prevalent in the hospital wastewater can be removed using traditional treatment strategies. This paper emphasizes the numerous treatment approaches for effectively eliminating emerging contaminants and antibiotics from hospital wastewater and provides an overview of global hospital wastewater legislation and guidelines on hospital wastewater administration. Around 90% of ECs might be eliminated by biological or physical treatment techniques when used in conjunction with modern oxidation techniques. According to this research, hybrid methods are the best approach for removing antibiotics and ECs from hospital wastewater. The document outlines the many features of effective hospital waste management and might be helpful during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, when waste creation on all hospitals throughout the globe has considerably increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Emadikhiav
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Mafigholami
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Asghar Davood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mahvi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lida Salimi
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Cui C, Zhao Y, Bai Z, Yan J, Qin D, Peng H, Liu Y, Tong J, Sun L, Wu X, Li B. The Effect of Antibacterial-Osteogenic Surface Modification on the Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: A Static and Dynamic Strategy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4093-4113. [PMID: 38829538 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used biomaterials in bone repair. Although these biomaterials possess stable properties and good biocompatibility, the high elastic modulus and low surface activity of Ti implants have often been associated with infection, inflammation, and poor osteogenesis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to modify the surface of Ti implants, where changes in surface morphology or coatings loading can confer specific functions to help them adapt to the osseointegration formation phase and resist bacterial infection. This can further ensure a healthy microenvironment for bone regeneration as well as the promotion of immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Therefore, in this review, we evaluated various functional Ti implants after surface modification, both in terms of static modifications and dynamic response strategies, mainly focusing on the synergistic effects of antimicrobial activities and functionalized osteogenic. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are summarized to provide innovative and effective solutions for osseointegration and bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Cui
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziyang Bai
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Danlei Qin
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongyi Peng
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiahui Tong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Lingxiang Sun
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
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12
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Sedaghat S, Krishnakumar A, Selvamani V, Barnard JP, Nejati S, Wang H, Detwiler DA, Seleem MN, Rahimi R. Laser-assisted surface alloying of titanium with silver to enhance antibacterial and bone-cell mineralization properties of orthopedic implants. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4489-4501. [PMID: 38644661 PMCID: PMC11078329 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02481d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Orthopedic device-related infection (ODRI) poses a significant threat to patients with titanium-based implants. The challenge lies in developing antibacterial surfaces that preserve the bulk mechanical properties of titanium implants while exhibiting characteristics similar to bone tissue. In response, we present a two-step approach: silver nanoparticle (AgNP) coating followed by selective laser-assisted surface alloying on commonly used titanium alumina vanadium (TiAl6V4) implant surfaces. This process imparts antibacterial properties without compromising the bulk mechanical characteristics of the titanium alloy. Systematic optimization of laser beam power (8-40 W) resulted in an optimized surface (32 W) with uniform TiAg alloy formation. This surface displayed a distinctive hierarchical mesoporous textured surface, featuring cauliflower-like nanostructures measuring between 5-10 nm uniformly covering spatial line periods of 25 μm while demonstrating homogenous elemental distribution of silver throughout the laser processed surface. The optimized laser processed surface exhibited prolonged superhydrophilicity (40 days) and antibacterial efficacy (12 days) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Additionally, there was a significant twofold increase in bone mineralization compared to the pristine Ti6Al4V surface (p < 0.05). Rockwell hardness tests confirmed minimal (<1%) change in bulk mechanical properties compared to the pristine surface. This innovative laser-assisted approach, with its precisely tailored surface morphology, holds promise for providing enduring antibacterial and osteointegration properties, rendering it an optimal choice for modifying load-bearing implant devices without altering material bulk characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotoudeh Sedaghat
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Akshay Krishnakumar
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Vidhya Selvamani
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - James P Barnard
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Sina Nejati
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - David A Detwiler
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Nanovis, West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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13
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Shen Z, Xu Y, Qian XN, Zhou YH, Zhou Y, Zhou JY, Liu Y, Zhang SM, Qiu J. Enhanced osteogenic and antibacterial properties of titanium implant surface modified with Zn-incorporated nanowires: Preclinical in vitro and in vivo investigations. Clin Oral Implants Res 2024; 35:427-442. [PMID: 38314615 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to synthesize zinc-incorporated nanowires structure modified titanium implant surface (Zn-NW-Ti) and explore its superior osteogenic and antibacterial properties in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zn-NW-Ti was synthesized via displacement reactions between zinc sulfate solutions and the titanium (Ti) surface, which was pretreated by hydrofluoric acid etching and hyperthermal alkalinization. The physicochemical properties of the Zn-NW-Ti surface were examined. Moreover, the biological effects of Zn-NW-Ti on MC3T3-E1 cells and its antibacterial property against oral pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) compared with sandblasted and acid-etched Ti (SLA-Ti) and nanowires modified Ti (NW-Ti) surface were assessed. Zn-NW-Ti and SLA-Ti modified implants were inserted into the anterior extraction socket of the rabbit mandible with or without exposure to the mixed bacterial solution (S. aureus, P. gingivalis, and A. actinomycetemcomitans) to investigate the osteointegration and antibacterial performance via radiographic and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS The Zn-NW-Ti surface was successfully prepared. The resultant titanium surface appeared as a nanowires structure with hydrophilicity, from which zinc ions were released in an effective concentration range. The Zn-NW-Ti surface performed better in facilitating the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells while inhibiting the colonization of bacteria compared with SLA-Ti and NW-Ti surface. The Zn-NW-Ti implant exhibited enhanced osseointegration in vivo, which was attributed to increased osteogenic activity and reduced bacterial-induced inflammation compared with the SLA-Ti implant. CONCLUSIONS The Zn-incorporated nanowires structure modified titanium implant surface exhibited improvements in osteogenic and antibacterial properties, which optimized osteointegration in comparison with SLA titanium implant surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Shen
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Na Qian
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Heng Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie-Yi Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Song-Mei Zhang
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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14
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Putra NE, Zhou J, Zadpoor AA. Sustainable Sources of Raw Materials for Additive Manufacturing of Bone-Substituting Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301837. [PMID: 37535435 PMCID: PMC11468967 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for sustainable development has never been more urgent, as the world continues to struggle with environmental challenges, such as climate change, pollution, and dwindling natural resources. The use of renewable and recycled waste materials as a source of raw materials for biomaterials and tissue engineering is a promising avenue for sustainable development. Although tissue engineering has rapidly developed, the challenges associated with fulfilling the increasing demand for bone substitutes and implants remain unresolved, particularly as the global population ages. This review provides an overview of waste materials, such as eggshells, seashells, fish residues, and agricultural biomass, that can be transformed into biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. While the development of recycled metals is in its early stages, the use of probiotics and renewable polymers to improve the biofunctionalities of bone implants is highlighted. Despite the advances of additive manufacturing (AM), studies on AM waste-derived bone-substitutes are limited. It is foreseeable that AM technologies can provide a more sustainable alternative to manufacturing biomaterials and implants. The preliminary results of eggshell and seashell-derived calcium phosphate and rice husk ash-derived silica can likely pave the way for more advanced applications of AM waste-derived biomaterials for sustainably addressing several unmet clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko E. Putra
- Department of Biomechanical EngineeringFaculty of MechanicalMaritimeand Materials EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyMekelweg 2Delft2628 CDThe Netherlands
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biomechanical EngineeringFaculty of MechanicalMaritimeand Materials EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyMekelweg 2Delft2628 CDThe Netherlands
| | - Amir A. Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical EngineeringFaculty of MechanicalMaritimeand Materials EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyMekelweg 2Delft2628 CDThe Netherlands
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15
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Zhang H, Yuan Y, Xue H, Yu R, Jin X, Wu X, Huang H. Reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism of macrophages by miRNA-released microporous coatings to prevent peri-implantitis. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:485. [PMID: 38105216 PMCID: PMC10726513 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although various new biomaterials have enriched the methods for peri-implant inflammation treatment, their efficacy is still debated, and secondary operations on the implant area have also caused pain for patients. Recently, strategies that regulate macrophage polarization to prevent or even treat peri-implantitis have attracted increasing attention. Here, we prepared a laser-drilled and covered with metal organic framework-miR-27a agomir nanomembrane (L-MOF-agomir) implant, which could load and sustain the release of miR-27a agomir. In vitro, the L-MOF-agomir titanium plate promoted the repolarization of LPS-stimulated macrophages from M1 to M2, and the macrophage culture supernatant promoted BMSCs osteogenesis. In a ligation-induced rat peri-implantitis model, the L-MOF-agomir implants featured strong immunomodulatory activity of macrophage polarization and alleviated ligation-induced bone resorption. The mechanism of repolarization function may be that the L-MOF-agomir implants promote the macrophage mitochondrial function and metabolism reprogramming from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting cell metabolism to regulate macrophage immunity for peri-implantitis inhibition and provides a new perspective for the development of novel multifunctional implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 500 Quxi Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 500 Quxi Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanxiao Xue
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 500 Quxi Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Runping Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 500 Quxi Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiayue Jin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 500 Quxi Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 500 Quxi Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 500 Quxi Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Wen X, Liu Y, Xi F, Zhang X, Kang Y. Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and its potential for improving the performance of titanium implants in biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1282590. [PMID: 38026886 PMCID: PMC10662315 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1282590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, making them attractive for biomedical applications. However, their biological inertness and lack of antimicrobial properties may compromise the success of implants. In this review, the potential of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology to create bioactive coatings on Ti implants is discussed. The review covers the following aspects: 1) different factors, such as electrolyte, voltage and current, affect the properties of MAO coatings; 2) MAO coatings affect biocompatibility, including cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, angiogenic activity, corrosion resistance, osteogenic activity and osseointegration; 3) antibacterial properties can be achieved by adding copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn) and other elements to achieve antimicrobial properties; and 4) MAO can be combined with other physical and chemical techniques to enhance the performance of MAO coatings. It is concluded that MAO coatings offer new opportunities for improving the use of Ti and its alloys in biomedical applications, and some suggestions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangquan Xi
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingwan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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17
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van Hengel IAJ, van Dijk B, Modaresifar K, Hooning van Duyvenbode JFF, Nurmohamed FRHA, Leeflang MA, Fluit AC, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Apachitei I, Weinans H, Zadpoor AA. In Vivo Prevention of Implant-Associated Infections Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria through Biofunctionalization of Additively Manufactured Porous Titanium. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:520. [PMID: 37888185 PMCID: PMC10607138 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Additively manufactured (AM) porous titanium implants may have an increased risk of implant-associated infection (IAI) due to their huge internal surfaces. However, the same surface, when biofunctionalized, can be used to prevent IAI. Here, we used a rat implant infection model to evaluate the biocompatibility and infection prevention performance of AM porous titanium against bioluminescent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The specimens were biofunctionalized with Ag nanoparticles (NPs) using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Infection was initiated using either intramedullary injection in vivo or with in vitro inoculation of the implant prior to implantation. Nontreated (NT) implants were compared with PEO-treated implants with Ag NPs (PT-Ag), without Ag NPs (PT) and infection without an implant. After 7 days, the bacterial load and bone morphological changes were evaluated. When infection was initiated through in vivo injection, the presence of the implant did not enhance the infection, indicating that this technique may not assess the prevention but rather the treatment of IAIs. Following in vitro inoculation, the bacterial load on the implant and in the peri-implant bony tissue was reduced by over 90% for the PT-Ag implants compared to the PT and NT implants. All infected groups had enhanced osteomyelitis scores compared to the noninfected controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Aeneas Jan van Hengel
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands (I.A.); (H.W.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Bruce van Dijk
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Khashayar Modaresifar
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands (I.A.); (H.W.); (A.A.Z.)
| | | | | | - Marius Alexander Leeflang
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands (I.A.); (H.W.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Adriaan Camille Fluit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lidy Elena Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands (I.A.); (H.W.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Iulian Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands (I.A.); (H.W.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands (I.A.); (H.W.); (A.A.Z.)
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Abbas Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands (I.A.); (H.W.); (A.A.Z.)
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18
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Shao H, Zhang T, Gong Y, He Y. Silver-Containing Biomaterials for Biomedical Hard Tissue Implants. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300932. [PMID: 37300754 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection caused by biomaterials is a very serious problem in the clinical treatment of implants. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted other antibacterial agents to replace traditional antibiotics. Silver is rapidly developing as an antibacterial candidate material to inhibit bone infections due to its significant advantages such as high antibacterial timeliness, high antibacterial efficiency, and less susceptibility to bacterial resistance. However, silver has strong cytotoxicity, which can cause inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress, thereby destroying tissue regeneration, making the application of silver-containing biomaterials extremely challenging. In this paper, the application of silver in biomaterials is reviewed, focusing on the following three issues: 1) how to ensure the excellent antibacterial properties of silver, and not easy to cause bacterial resistance; 2) how to choose the appropriate method to combine silver with biomaterials; 3) how to make silver-containing biomaterials in hard tissue implants have further research. Following a brief introduction, the discussion focuses on the application of silver-containing biomaterials, with an emphasis on the effects of silver on the physicochemical properties, structural properties, and biological properties of biomaterials. Finally, the review concludes with the authors' perspectives on the challenges and future directions of silver in commercialization and in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Shao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Zhejiang Guanlin Machinery Limited Company, Anji, Hangzhou, 313300, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Youping Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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19
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Xu J, Lu Y, Pan X, Zhan D, Wang Q, Zhang N. Antibacterial performance of a porous Cu-bearing titanium alloy by laser additive manufacturing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1226745. [PMID: 37600307 PMCID: PMC10435858 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1226745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is the most common species that causes peri-implantitis. It forms an irreversible dense biofilm and causes inflammation. A novel 3D-printed porous TC4-6Cu alloy was fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) technology for the dental implant, which is anticipated to inhibit biofilm formation. We attempted to investigate the antibacterial ability and antibacterial mechanism of the 3D-printed porous TC4-6Cu alloy against P. gingivalis. This work used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser confocal microscopy (CLSM) to detect the antimicrobial ability of the alloy against sessile P. gingivalis. The results indicated that the 3D-printed porous TC4-6Cu alloy could cause bacterial fragmentation and deformation. Plate antimicrobial counting experiments showed that the antibacterial rates of the alloy against adherent bacteria and planktonic bacteria after 24 h were 98.05% and 73.92%, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Cu2+ were tested to appraise the antibacterial property of the alloy against planktonic P. gingivalis. The relationship between the antibacterial mechanism of the alloy with oxidative stress was evaluated through ROS fluorescence intensity and protein leakage concentration. The results revealed that the alloy significantly eliminated adherent bacteria and inhibited biofilm formation. Moreover, 3D-printed porous TC4-6Cu alloy demonstrated significant bactericidal ability by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could result in protein leakage from the bacterial cell membrane. This research may open a new perspective on the development and biomedical applications for dental implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanjin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiyun Pan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Desong Zhan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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20
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Conforte JJ, Sousa CA, da Silva ACR, Ribeiro AV, Duque C, Assunção WG. Effect of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm on Corrosion Kinetics in Titanium Grade 4 Alloys with Different Surface Treatments. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4532. [PMID: 37444846 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
E. faecalis has been associated with bacteremia, sepsis, and bacterial endocarditis and peri-implantitis. This microorganism can remain in the alveolus even after extraction of the root remnant. This study aimed to evaluate the corrosion on different surfaces of commercially pure titanium (Ti) grade 4 (Ticp-G4) as a function of the bacterial biofilm effect of Enterococcus faecalis. A total of 57 discs were randomly divided according to their surface finish (n = 19). For microbiological analysis (n = 9), the discs were placed in 12-well plates containing E. faecalis culture and incubated at 37 °C for 7 days. The results show that for the intergroup analysis, considering the "electrolyte" factor, there was a difference between the groups. There was greater biofilm formation for the D.A.Zir group, with greater electrochemical exchange for Biofilm, and the presence of biofilm favored greater electrochemical exchange with the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadison Junio Conforte
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontic, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Cecília Alves Sousa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontic, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo 16015-050, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Wirley Gonçalves Assunção
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontic, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo 16015-050, Brazil
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21
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Garmendia Urdalleta A, Van Poll M, Fahy N, Witte-Bouma J, Van Wamel W, Apachitei I, Zadpoor AA, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Farrell E. The response of human macrophages to 3D printed titanium antibacterial implants does not affect the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1176534. [PMID: 37415788 PMCID: PMC10319998 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1176534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage responses following the implantation of orthopaedic implants are essential for successful implant integration in the body, partly through intimate crosstalk with human marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) in the process of new bone formation. Additive manufacturing (AM) and plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in the presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are promising techniques to achieve multifunctional titanium implants. Their osteoimmunomodulatory properties are, however, not yet fully investigated. Here, we studied the effects of implants with AgNPs on human macrophages and the crosstalk between hMSCs and human macrophages when co-cultured in vitro with biofunctionalised AM Ti6Al4V implants. A concentration of 0.3 g/L AgNPs in the PEO electrolyte was found to be optimal for both macrophage viability and inhibition of bacteria growth. These specimens also caused a decrease of the macrophage tissue repair related factor C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 18 (CCL18). Nevertheless, co-cultured hMSCs could osteogenically differentiate without any adverse effects caused by the presence of macrophages that were previously exposed to the PEO (±AgNPs) surfaces. Further evaluation of these promising implants in a bony in vivo environment with and without infection is highly recommended to prove their potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Garmendia Urdalleta
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Van Poll
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Niamh Fahy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Applied Science, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Janneke Witte-Bouma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem Van Wamel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iulian Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Amir A. Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Lidy E. Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Li Y, Xia X, Hou W, Lv H, Liu J, Li X. How Effective are Metal Nanotherapeutic Platforms Against Bacterial Infections? A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1109-1128. [PMID: 36883070 PMCID: PMC9985878 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s397298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has been deemed a global crisis that affects humans worldwide. Novel anti-infection strategies are desperately needed because of the limitations of conventional antibiotics. However, the increasing gap between clinical demand and antimicrobial treatment innovation, as well as the membrane permeability obstacle especially in gram-negative bacteria fearfully restrict the reformation of antibacterial strategy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the advantages of adjustable apertures, high drug-loading rates, tailorable structures, and superior biocompatibilities, enabling their utilization as drug delivery carriers in biotherapy applications. Additionally, the metal elements in MOFs are usually bactericidal. This article provides a review of the state-of-The-art design, the underlying antibacterial mechanisms and antibacterial applications of MOF- and MOF-based drug-loading materials. In addition, the existing problems and future perspectives of MOF- and MOF-based drug-loading materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxue Hou
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Lv
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhu Z, Gou X, Liu L, Xia T, Wang J, Zhang Y, Huang C, Zhi W, Wang R, Li X, Luo S. Dynamically evolving piezoelectric nanocomposites for antibacterial and repair-promoting applications in infected wound healing. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:566-577. [PMID: 36481503 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing from bacterial infections is one of the major challenges in the biomedical field. The traditional single administration methods are usually accompanied with side effects or unsatisfactory efficacy. Herein, we design dynamically evolving antibacterial and repair-promoting nanocomposites (NCs) by in situ self-assembling of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) on the surface of barium titanate (BTO), and further loading with a small amount of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The new strategy of combining pH-stimulated drug delivery and ultrasound-controlled sonodyamics has the potential to dynamically evolve in infected wound sites, offering a multifunctional therapy. In vitro study demonstrates that the enhancement generation of reactive oxygen species through the sonodynamic process due to the heterostructures and a small amount of CIP released in an acidic environment are synergistically antibacterial, and the inhibition rate was >99.9%. In addition, reduced sonodynamic effect and Zn2+ generated along with the gradual degradation of ZIF-8 simultanously promote cell migration and tissue regeneration. The in vivo study of full-thickness skin wounds in mouse models demonstrate a healing rate of 99.3% could be achieved under the treatment of BTO@ZIF-8/CIP NCs. This work provides a useful improvement in rational design of multi-stimulus-responsive nanomaterials for wound healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A novel piezoelectric nanocomposite was proposed to realize sonodynamic therapy and pH-stimulated drug releasing simultaneously in wound healing treatment. The dynamically evolving structure of the piezoelectric nanocomposite in acidic microenvironment has been theoretically and experimentally verified to contribute to a continuous variation of sonodymanic strength, which accompanied with the gradual releasing of drug and biocompatible Zn2+effectively balanced antibacterial and repair-promoting effects. Both of the in vitro and in vivo study demonstrated that the strategy could significantly accelerate wound healing, inspiring researchers to optimize the design of multi-stimulus-responsive nanomaterials for various applications in biomedical and biomaterial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Xue Gou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China.
| | - Laiyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Pathology, Western Theater Command Air Force Hospital, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Chenjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Wei Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Ran Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Shengnian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
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24
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Shuaishuai W, Tongtong Z, Dapeng W, Mingran Z, Xukai W, Yue Y, Hengliang D, Guangzhi W, Minglei Z. Implantable biomedical materials for treatment of bone infection. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1081446. [PMID: 36793442 PMCID: PMC9923113 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1081446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of bone infections has always been difficult. The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria has led to a steady decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics. It is also especially important to fight bacterial infections while repairing bone defects and cleaning up dead bacteria to prevent biofilm formation. The development of biomedical materials has provided us with a research direction to address this issue. We aimed to review the current literature, and have summarized multifunctional antimicrobial materials that have long-lasting antimicrobial capabilities that promote angiogenesis, bone production, or "killing and releasing." This review provides a comprehensive summary of the use of biomedical materials in the treatment of bone infections and a reference thereof, as well as encouragement to perform further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shuaishuai
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhu Tongtong
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wang Dapeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Siping Central Hospital, Siping, China
| | - Zhang Mingran
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wang Xukai
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Hengliang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wu Guangzhi
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Wu Guangzhi, ; Zhang Minglei,
| | - Zhang Minglei
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Wu Guangzhi, ; Zhang Minglei,
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25
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Jia F, Bian A, Wu Z, Li M, Yang H, Huang X, Xie L, Qiao H, Lin H, Huang Y. One‐Step Electrodeposition of Multi‐element Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanocoating Leading to Enhanced Cytocompatible and Antibacterial Properties of Titanium Implants. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenghuan Jia
- College of Lab Medicine Hebei North University Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou Zhangjiakou 075000 China
| | - Anqi Bian
- College of Lab Medicine Hebei North University Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou Zhangjiakou 075000 China
| | - Zongze Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan University The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Meiyu Li
- College of Lab Medicine Hebei North University Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou Zhangjiakou 075000 China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of Technology Wu Han Shi Wuhan.430205 China
| | - Xiao Huang
- School of Physical Education Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Lei Xie
- School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China
| | - Haixia Qiao
- College of Lab Medicine Hebei North University Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou Zhangjiakou 075000 China
| | - He Lin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Lab Medicine Hebei North University Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou Zhangjiakou 075000 China
- School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China
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26
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Costa RC, Nagay BE, Dini C, Borges MHR, Miranda LFB, Cordeiro JM, Souza JGS, Sukotjo C, Cruz NC, Barão VAR. The race for the optimal antimicrobial surface: perspectives and challenges related to plasma electrolytic oxidation coating for titanium-based implants. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 311:102805. [PMID: 36434916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a low-cost, structurally reliable, and environmentally friendly surface modification method for orthopedic and dental implants. This technique is successful for the formation of porous, corrosion-resistant, and bioactive coatings, besides introducing antimicrobial compounds easily. Given the increase in implant-related infections, antimicrobial PEO-treated surfaces have been widely proposed to surmount this public health concern. This review comprehensively discusses antimicrobial implant surfaces currently produced by PEO in terms of their in vitro and in vivo microbiological and biological properties. We present a critical [part I] and evidence-based [part II] review about the plethora of antimicrobial PEO-treated surfaces. The mechanism of microbial accumulation on implanted devices and the principles of PEO technology to ensure antimicrobial functionalization by one- or multi-step processes are outlined. Our systematic literature search showed that particular focus has been placed on the metallic and semi-metallic elements incorporated into PEO surfaces to facilitate antimicrobial properties, which are often dose-dependent, without leading to cytotoxicity in vitro. Meanwhile, there are concerns over the biocompatibility of PEO and its long-term antimicrobial effects in animal models. We clearly highlight the importance of using clinically relevant infection models and in vivo long-term assessments to guarantee the rational design of antimicrobial PEO-treated surfaces to identify the 'finish line' in the race for antimicrobial implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael C Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sāo Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna E Nagay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sāo Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dini
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sāo Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Maria H R Borges
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sāo Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Luís F B Miranda
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sāo Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Jairo M Cordeiro
- Department of Dentistry, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Associadas de Ensino (UNIFAE), Sāo Joāo da Boa Vista, Sāo Paulo 13870-377, Brazil
| | - Joāo G S Souza
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Sāo Paulo 07023-070, Brazil; Dentistry Science School (Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas - FCO), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39401-303, Brazil
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nilson C Cruz
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Institute of Science and Technology, Sāo Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba, Sāo Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sāo Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
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27
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Kennedy DG, O’Mahony AM, Culligan EP, O’Driscoll CM, Ryan KB. Strategies to Mitigate and Treat Orthopaedic Device-Associated Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1822. [PMID: 36551479 PMCID: PMC9774155 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopaedic device implants play a crucial role in restoring functionality to patients suffering from debilitating musculoskeletal diseases or to those who have experienced traumatic injury. However, the surgical implantation of these devices carries a risk of infection, which represents a significant burden for patients and healthcare providers. This review delineates the pathogenesis of orthopaedic implant infections and the challenges that arise due to biofilm formation and the implications for treatment. It focuses on research advancements in the development of next-generation orthopaedic medical devices to mitigate against implant-related infections. Key considerations impacting the development of devices, which must often perform multiple biological and mechanical roles, are delineated. We review technologies designed to exert spatial and temporal control over antimicrobial presentation and the use of antimicrobial surfaces with intrinsic antibacterial activity. A range of measures to control bio-interfacial interactions including approaches that modify implant surface chemistry or topography to reduce the capacity of bacteria to colonise the surface, form biofilms and cause infections at the device interface and surrounding tissues are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh G. Kennedy
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Eamonn P. Culligan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Katie B. Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
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28
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Shalaby EA, Shanab SMM, El-Raheem WMA, Hanafy EA. Biological activities and antioxidant potential of different biosynthesized nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18400. [PMID: 36319823 PMCID: PMC9626474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The science of nanotechnology is expanding daily and has the potential to benefit people. Moringa oleifera is an abundant source of phenolic compounds, which are bioactive substances. It is recognised as a necessary plant because of its medicinal potential and a wide variety of health benefits. The aim of the current study is to examine the antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity effects of five nanoparticles (La2O3, CuO, Fe2O3, Ag, and ZnO) made using bioactive chemicals in the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on four human cell lines (T47D, HepG2, A549, and Wi38). The UV-visible spectroscopy analysis with a surface plasmon peak in the 300-490 nm range and the value of the zeta potential of the various biosynthesized nanoparticles ranged from + 31 to + 37 mV, indicated the repulsion between the particles and the stability of the formulation nanoparticles confirmed the formation of all nanoparticles. Additionally, the DPPH method was used to assess the antioxidant activity of five distinct metal nanoparticles. The results show that this method works in parallel and is dependent on both the concentration of NPs and the incubation time. The anticancer effect of synthesized nanoparticles against four different cell lines has been tested. The cytotoxicity assay showed a dose-dependent and time-dependent effect of nanoparticles. The obtained results conclude that acceptable potency against T47D and A549 cell lines with IC50 ranged from 38 to 210 μg/mL and 26 to 115 μg/mL, respectively. However, HepG2 and Wi38 cell lines showed relatively higher resistance against all tested nanoparticles when compared with Doxorubicin. Moreover, the antibacterial results revealed that silver nanoparticles exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against both Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Nanoparticles' high therapeutic activity at low concentrations opens up new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A. Shalaby
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Sanaa M. M. Shanab
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Walaa M. Abd El-Raheem
- grid.412659.d0000 0004 0621 726XDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Hanafy
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
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Sheng Z, Hou F, Zou L, Li Y, Li J, Li J, Ai L, Wei W, Wei A. Highly efficient and photo-triggered elimination of Aspergillus fumigatus spores by Zn-Ti layered double hydroxide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Putra NE, Leeflang MA, Ducret V, Patrulea V, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Perron K, Ye H, Zhou J, Apachitei I, Zadpoor AA. Preventing Antibiotic-Resistant Infections: Additively Manufactured Porous Ti6Al4V Biofunctionalized with Ag and Fe Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13239. [PMID: 36362029 PMCID: PMC9654018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Implant-associated infections are highly challenging to treat, particularly with the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbials. Effective preventive action is desired to be at the implant site. Surface biofunctionalization of implants through Ag-doping has demonstrated potent antibacterial results. However, it may adversely affect bone regeneration at high doses. Benefiting from the potential synergistic effects, combining Ag with other antibacterial agents can substantially decrease the required Ag concentration. To date, no study has been performed on immobilizing both Ag and Fe nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of additively manufactured porous titanium. We additively manufactured porous titanium and biofunctionalized its surface with plasma electrolytic oxidation using a Ca/P-based electrolyte containing Fe NPs, Ag NPs, and the combinations. The specimen's surface morphology featured porous TiO2 bearing Ag and Fe NPs. During immersion, Ag and Fe ions were released for up to 28 days. Antibacterial assays against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that the specimens containing Ag NPs and Ag/Fe NPs exhibit bactericidal activity. The Ag and Fe NPs worked synergistically, even when Ag was reduced by up to three times. The biofunctionalized scaffold reduced Ag and Fe NPs, improving preosteoblasts proliferation and Ca-sensing receptor activation. In conclusion, surface biofunctionalization of porous titanium with Ag and Fe NPs is a promising strategy to prevent implant-associated infections and allow bone regeneration and, therefore, should be developed for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko E. Putra
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marius A. Leeflang
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Ducret
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Viorica Patrulea
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Lidy E. Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Perron
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hua Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Iulian Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A. Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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Krukiewicz K, Kazek-Kęsik A, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Łos MJ, Ateba CN, Mehrbod P, Ghavami S, Shyntum DY. Recent Advances in the Control of Clinically Important Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9526. [PMID: 36076921 PMCID: PMC9455909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex structures formed by bacteria, fungi, or even viruses on biotic and abiotic surfaces, and they can be found in almost any part of the human body. The prevalence of biofilm-associated diseases has increased in recent years, mainly because of the frequent use of indwelling medical devices that create opportunities for clinically important bacteria and fungi to form biofilms either on the device or on the neighboring tissues. As a result of their resistance to antibiotics and host immunity factors, biofilms have been associated with the development or persistence of several clinically important diseases. The inability to completely eradicate biofilms drastically increases the burden of disease on both the patient and the healthcare system. Therefore, it is crucial to develop innovative ways to tackle the growth and development of biofilms. This review focuses on dental- and implant-associated biofilm infections, their prevalence in humans, and potential therapeutic intervention strategies, including the recent advances in pharmacology and biomedical engineering. It lists current strategies used to control the formation of clinically important biofilms, including novel antibiotics and their carriers, antiseptics and disinfectants, small molecule anti-biofilm agents, surface treatment strategies, and nanostructure functionalization, as well as multifunctional coatings particularly suitable for providing antibacterial effects to the surface of implants, to treat either dental- or implant-related bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek J. Łos
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-344 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mahikeng 2735, South Africa
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Divine Yufetar Shyntum
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Mirzaali MJ, Moosabeiki V, Rajaai SM, Zhou J, Zadpoor AA. Additive Manufacturing of Biomaterials-Design Principles and Their Implementation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5457. [PMID: 35955393 PMCID: PMC9369548 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) is an advanced manufacturing technique that has enabled progress in the design and fabrication of customised or patient-specific (meta-)biomaterials and biomedical devices (e.g., implants, prosthetics, and orthotics) with complex internal microstructures and tuneable properties. In the past few decades, several design guidelines have been proposed for creating porous lattice structures, particularly for biomedical applications. Meanwhile, the capabilities of AM to fabricate a wide range of biomaterials, including metals and their alloys, polymers, and ceramics, have been exploited, offering unprecedented benefits to medical professionals and patients alike. In this review article, we provide an overview of the design principles that have been developed and used for the AM of biomaterials as well as those dealing with three major categories of biomaterials, i.e., metals (and their alloys), polymers, and ceramics. The design strategies can be categorised as: library-based design, topology optimisation, bio-inspired design, and meta-biomaterials. Recent developments related to the biomedical applications and fabrication methods of AM aimed at enhancing the quality of final 3D-printed biomaterials and improving their physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics are also highlighted. Finally, examples of 3D-printed biomaterials with tuned properties and functionalities are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J. Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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Wu Y, Lu Y, Zhao M, Bosiakov S, Li L. A Critical Review of Additive Manufacturing Techniques and Associated Biomaterials Used in Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102117. [PMID: 35631999 PMCID: PMC9143308 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ability to fabricate complex structures while meeting individual needs, additive manufacturing (AM) offers unprecedented opportunities for bone tissue engineering in the biomedical field. However, traditional metal implants have many adverse effects due to their poor integration with host tissues, and therefore new material implants with porous structures are gradually being developed that are suitable for clinical medical applications. From the perspectives of additive manufacturing technology and materials, this article discusses a suitable manufacturing process for ideal materials for biological bone tissue engineering. It begins with a review of the methods and applicable materials in existing additive manufacturing technologies and their applications in biomedicine, introducing the advantages and disadvantages of various AM technologies. The properties of materials including metals and polymers, commonly used AM technologies, recent developments, and their applications in bone tissue engineering are discussed in detail and summarized. In addition, the main challenges for different metallic and polymer materials, such as biodegradability, anisotropy, growth factors to promote the osteogenic capacity, and enhancement of mechanical properties are also introduced. Finally, the development prospects for AM technologies and biomaterials in bone tissue engineering are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yongtao Lu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- DUT-BSU Joint Institute, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Sergei Bosiakov
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Belarusian State University, No. 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- Correspondence:
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Oirschot BV, zhang Y, Alghamdi HS, cordeiro JM, nagay B, barão VA, de avila ED, van den Beucken J. Surface engineering for dental implantology: favoring tissue responses along the implant
. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:555-572. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bart van Oirschot
- Radboudumc Department of Dentistry, 370502, Regenerative Biomaterials, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands,
| | - yang zhang
- Shenzhen University, 47890, School of Stomatology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,
| | - Hamdan S Alghamdi
- King Saud University College of Dentistry, 204573, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - jairo m cordeiro
- UNICAMP, 28132, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas, SP, Brazil,
| | - bruna nagay
- UNICAMP, 28132, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas, SP, Brazil,
| | - valentim ar barão
- UNICAMP, 28132, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas, SP, Brazil,
| | - erica dorigatti de avila
- UNESP, 28108, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil,
| | - Jeroen van den Beucken
- Radboudumc Department of Dentistry, 370502, Regenerative Biomaterials, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands,
- RU RIMLS, 59912, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands,
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Jampilek J, Kralova K. Advances in Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Therapy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:2388. [PMID: 35407720 PMCID: PMC8999898 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections caused by a variety of drug-resistant microorganisms are more common, but there are fewer and fewer approved new antimicrobial chemotherapeutics for systemic administration capable of acting against these resistant infectious pathogens. Formulation innovations of existing drugs are gaining prominence, while the application of nanotechnologies is a useful alternative for improving/increasing the effect of existing antimicrobial drugs. Nanomaterials represent one of the possible strategies to address this unfortunate situation. This review aims to summarize the most current results of nanoformulations of antibiotics and antibacterial active nanomaterials. Nanoformulations of antimicrobial peptides, synergistic combinations of antimicrobial-active agents with nitric oxide donors or combinations of small organic molecules or polymers with metals, metal oxides or metalloids are discussed as well. The mechanisms of actions of selected nanoformulations, including systems with magnetic, photothermal or photodynamic effects, are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kralova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Qiu Y, Gao Y, Liu Y, Li Z, Wei Q, Xu W, Wang Y. Near-infrared electrospun fiber with bimetallic coating for antibacterial and bone regeneration. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xu J, Zhang J, Shi Y, Tang J, Huang D, Yan M, Dargusch MS. Surface Modification of Biomedical Ti and Ti Alloys: A Review on Current Advances. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1749. [PMID: 35268983 PMCID: PMC8911755 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ti is widely used as a material for orthopedic implants. As rapid and effective osseointegration is a key factor for the successful application of implants, biologically inert Ti materials start to show inherent limitations, such as poor surface cell adhesion, bioactivity, and bone-growth-inducing capabilities. Surface modification can be an efficient and effective approach to addressing the biocompatibility, mechanical, and functionality issues of the various Ti implant materials. In this study, we have overviewed more than 140 papers to summarize the recent progress in the surface modification of Ti implants by physical and/or chemical modification approaches, aiming at optimizing their wear resistance, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. As an advanced manufacturing technology for Ti and Ti alloys, additive manufacturing was particularly addressed in this review. We also provide an outlook for future research directions in this field as a contribution to the development of advanced Ti implants for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xu
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Yangfan Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Jincheng Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Danni Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Matthew S. Dargusch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
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Santos EO, Oliveira PLE, de Mello TP, dos Santos ALS, Elias CN, Choi SH, de Castro ACR. Surface Characteristics and Microbiological Analysis of a Vat-Photopolymerization Additive-Manufacturing Dental Resin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:425. [PMID: 35057143 PMCID: PMC8781660 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of additive manufacturing in dentistry implies the further investigation into oral micro-organism adhesion and biofilm formation on vat-photopolymerization (VP) dental resins. The surface characteristics and microbiological analysis of a VP dental resin, printed at resolutions of 50 μm (EG-50) and 100 μm (EG-100), were evaluated against an auto-polymerizing acrylic resin (CG). Samples were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope, a scanning white-light interferometer, and analyzed for Candida albicans (CA) and Streptococcus mutans (SM) biofilm, as well as antifungal and antimicrobial activity. EG-50 and EG-100 exhibited more irregular surfaces and statistically higher mean (Ra) and root-mean-square (rms) roughness (EG-50-Ra: 2.96 ± 0.32 µm; rms: 4.05 ± 0.43 µm/EG-100-Ra: 3.76 ± 0.58 µm; rms: 4.79 ± 0.74 µm) compared to the CG (Ra: 0.52 ± 0.36 µm; rms: 0.84 ± 0.54 µm) (p < 0.05). The biomass and extracellular matrix production by CA and SM and the metabolic activity of SM were significantly decreased in EG-50 and EG-100 compared to CG (p < 0.05). CA and SM growth was inhibited by the pure unpolymerized VP resin (48 h). EG-50 and EG-100 recorded a greater irregularity, higher surface roughness, and decreased CA and SM biofilm formation over the CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericles Otávio Santos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941617, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Pedro Lima Emmerich Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Escola Superior São Francisco de Assis, Santa Teresa 29650000, ES, Brazil;
| | - Thaís Pereira de Mello
- Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Emerging and Resistant Microorganisms, Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil; (T.P.d.M.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
| | - André Luis Souza dos Santos
- Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Emerging and Resistant Microorganisms, Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil; (T.P.d.M.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
| | - Carlos Nelson Elias
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro 22290270, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03772, Korea
| | - Amanda Cunha Regal de Castro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941617, RJ, Brazil;
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Chauhan A, Sillu D, Dhiman NK, Agnihotri S. Silver-Based Nano-formulations for Treating Antibiotic-Resistant Microbial Strains. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2022:279-309. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-10220-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Lu X, Wu Z, Xu K, Wang X, Wang S, Qiu H, Li X, Chen J. Multifunctional Coatings of Titanium Implants Toward Promoting Osseointegration and Preventing Infection: Recent Developments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:783816. [PMID: 34950645 PMCID: PMC8691702 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.783816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are dominant material for orthopedic/dental implants due to their stable chemical properties and good biocompatibility. However, aseptic loosening and peri-implant infection remain problems that may lead to implant removal eventually. The ideal orthopedic implant should possess both osteogenic and antibacterial properties and do proper assistance to in situ inflammatory cells for anti-microbe and tissue repair. Recent advances in surface modification have provided various strategies to procure the harmonious relationship between implant and its microenvironment. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest strategies to endow titanium implants with bio-function and anti-infection properties. We state the methods they use to preparing these efficient surfaces and offer further insight into the interaction between these devices and the local biological environment. Finally, we discuss the unmet needs and current challenges in the development of ideal materials for bone implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zichen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kehui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jialong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Cyphert EL, Zhang N, Learn GD, Hernandez CJ, von Recum HA. Recent Advances in the Evaluation of Antimicrobial Materials for Resolution of Orthopedic Implant-Associated Infections In Vivo. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3125-3160. [PMID: 34761915 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While orthopedic implant-associated infections are rare, revision surgeries resulting from infections incur considerable healthcare costs and represent a substantial research area clinically, in academia, and in industry. In recent years, there have been numerous advances in the development of antimicrobial strategies for the prevention and treatment of orthopedic implant-associated infections which offer promise to improve the limitations of existing delivery systems through local and controlled release of antimicrobial agents. Prior to translation to in vivo orthopedic implant-associated infection models, the properties (e.g., degradation, antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility) of the antimicrobial materials can be evaluated in subcutaneous implant in vivo models. The antimicrobial materials are then incorporated into in vivo implant models to evaluate the efficacy of using the material to prevent or treat implant-associated infections. Recent technological advances such as 3D-printing, bacterial genomic sequencing, and real-time in vivo imaging of infection and inflammation have contributed to the development of preclinical implant-associated infection models that more effectively recapitulate the clinical presentation of infections and improve the evaluation of antimicrobial materials. This Review highlights the advantages and limitations of antimicrobial materials used in conjunction with orthopedic implants for the prevention and treatment of orthopedic implant-associated infections and discusses how these materials are evaluated in preclinical in vivo models. This analysis serves as a resource for biomaterial researchers in the selection of an appropriate orthopedic implant-associated infection preclinical model to evaluate novel antimicrobial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L. Cyphert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ningjing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Greg D. Learn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Christopher J. Hernandez
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Horst A. von Recum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Interaction Insight of Pullulan-Mediated Gamma-Irradiated Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis and Its Antibacterial Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203578. [PMID: 34685342 PMCID: PMC8538642 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of pure silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with unique properties remains a challenge even today. In the present study, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) from natural pullulan (PL) was carried out using a radiation-induced method. It is known that pullulan is regarded as a microbial polysaccharide, which renders it suitable to act as a reducing and stabilizing agent during the production of Ag-NPs. Pullulan-assisted synthesis under gamma irradiation was successfully developed to obtain Ag-NPs, which was characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, and Zeta potential analysis. Pullulan was used as a stabilizer and template for the growth of silver nanoparticles, while gamma radiation was modified to be selective to reduce silver ions. The formation of Ag-NPs was confirmed using UV–Vis spectra by showing a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band in the region of 410–420 nm. As observed by TEM images, it can be said that by increasing the radiation dose, the particle size decreases, resulting in a mean diameter of Ag-NPs ranging from 40.97 to 3.98 nm. The XRD analysis confirmed that silver metal structures with a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal were present, while TEM images showed a spherical shape with smooth edges. XRD also demonstrated that increasing the dose of gamma radiation increases the crystallinity at a high purity of Ag-NPs. As examined by zeta potential, the synthesized Ag-NP/PL was negatively charged with high stability. Ag-NP/PL was then analysed for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and it was found that it had high antibacterial activity. It is found that the adoption of radiation doses results in a stable and green reduction process for silver nanoparticles.
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Zhang Y, Gulati K, Li Z, Di P, Liu Y. Dental Implant Nano-Engineering: Advances, Limitations and Future Directions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2489. [PMID: 34684930 PMCID: PMC8538755 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys offer favorable biocompatibility, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, which makes them an ideal material choice for dental implants. However, the long-term success of Ti-based dental implants may be challenged due to implant-related infections and inadequate osseointegration. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoscale modifications and the application of nanomaterials have become key areas of focus for research on dental implants. Surface modifications and the use of various coatings, as well as the development of the controlled release of antibiotics or proteins, have improved the osseointegration and soft-tissue integration of dental implants, as well as their antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. This review introduces recent nano-engineering technologies and materials used in topographical modifications and surface coatings of Ti-based dental implants. These advances are discussed and detailed, including an evaluation of the evidence of their biocompatibility, toxicity, antimicrobial activities and in-vivo performances. The comparison between these attempts at nano-engineering reveals that there are still research gaps that must be addressed towards their clinical translation. For instance, customized three-dimensional printing technology and stimuli-responsive, multi-functional and time-programmable implant surfaces holds great promise to advance this field. Furthermore, long-term in vivo studies under physiological conditions are required to ensure the clinical application of nanomaterial-modified dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Karan Gulati
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Ze Li
- School of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Ping Di
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Zuo W, Yu L, Lin J, Yang Y, Fei Q. Properties improvement of titanium alloys scaffolds in bone tissue engineering: a literature review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1259. [PMID: 34532396 PMCID: PMC8421948 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-8175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their excellent biocompatibility and corrosion-resistant properties, titanium (Ti) (and its alloy) are essential artificial substitute biomaterials for orthopedics. However, flaws, such as weak osteogenic induction ability and higher Young's modulus, have been observed during clinical application. As a result, short- and long-term postoperative follow-up has found that several complications have occurred. For decades, scientists have exerted efforts to compensate for these deficiencies. Different modification methods have been investigated, including changing alloy contents, surface structure transformation, three-dimensional (3D) structure transformation, coating, and surface functionalization technologies. The cell-surface interaction effect and imitation of the natural 3D bone structure are the two main mechanisms of these improved methods. In recent years, significant progress has been made in materials science research methods, including thorough research of titanium alloys of different compositions, precise surface pattern control technology, controllable 3D structure construction technology, improvement of coating technologies, and novel concepts of surface functionalization. These improvements facilitate the possibility for further research in the field of bone tissue engineering. Although the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood, these studies still have some implications for clinical practice. Therefore, for the direction of further research, it is beneficial to summarize these studies according to the basal method used. This literature review aimed to classify these technologies, thereby providing beginners with a preliminary understanding of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjia Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jisheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Fei
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ma Z, Dong Z. Dual anticancer drug-loaded self-assembled nanomaterials delivery system for the treatment of prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:2103-2117. [PMID: 34328067 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1958449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study explains the engineering of polylactide-polyethylene succinate glycol nanomaterials (NMs), to achieve superior anticancer effectiveness in prostate cancer therapy as a carriers of crizotinib (CZT) and marizomib (MAR). We have shown that the block polymers and hydrophobic drugs can be self-assembled to construct a highly stable nanocarrier with highly adaptable to support the use of cancer medicines. The Drug Release analysis revealed that the interference in the hydrophobic cores of micelles was a continuous release series. In both PC3pip and LNCAP prostate cancer cells, CZT@MAR NMs demonstrated noticeable cytotoxic effects in a dose-responsive method. In addition, morphology analysis and the AO-EB and nuclear staining assay showed a higher effectiveness in prostate cancer for nanomaterials. The polymeric nanomaterials displayed a prominent existence in the cytoplasmic cell regions, which shows a characteristic cell uptake by endocytosis. A significant apoptosis, compared to free CZT@MAR apoptosis, was found in the FITC-Annexin V/PI staining-based apoptosis analysis. In this juncture, the alternative drug delivery mechanism for the improvement of CZT@MAR chemotherapeutic effectiveness in prostate cancer chemotherapy modification PLA nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shijiazhuang Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhongyi Dong
- Department of Urology Surgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, China
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Ständert V, Borcherding K, Bormann N, Schmidmaier G, Grunwald I, Wildemann B. Antibiotic-loaded amphora-shaped pores on a titanium implant surface enhance osteointegration and prevent infections. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2331-2345. [PMID: 33553819 PMCID: PMC7840776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial prostheses for joint replacement are indispensable in orthopedic surgery. Unfortunately, the implanted surface is attractive to not only host cells but also bacteria. To enable better osteointegration, a mechanically stable porous structure was created on a titanium surface using laser treatment and metallic silver particles were embedded in a hydrophilic titanium oxide layer on top. The laser structuring resulted in unique amphora-shaped pores. Due to their hydrophilic surface conditions and capillary forces, the pores can be loaded preoperative with the antibiotic of choice/need, such as gentamicin. Cytotoxicity and differentiation assays with primary human osteoblast-like cells revealed no negative effect of the surface modification with or without gentamicin loading. An in vivo biocompatibility study showed significantly enhanced osteointegration as measured by push-out testing and histomorphometry 56 days after the implantation of the K-wires into rat femora. Using a S. aureus infection model, the porous, silver-coated K-wires slightly reduced the signs of bone destruction, while the wires were still colonized after 28 days. Loading the amphora-shaped pores with gentamicin significantly reduced the histopathological signs of bone destruction and no bacteria were detected on the wires. Taken together, this novel surface modification can be applied to new or established orthopedic implants. It enables preoperative loading with the antibiotic of choice/need without further equipment or post-coating, and supports osteointegration without a negative effect of the released dug, such as gentamicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Ständert
- Julius Wolff Institute, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Borcherding
- Department of Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nicole Bormann
- Julius Wolff Institute, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Grunwald
- Industrial and Environmental Biology, Hochschule Bremen-City University of Applied Sciences, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| | - Britt Wildemann
- Julius Wolff Institute, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
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Wang D, Tan J, Zhu H, Mei Y, Liu X. Biomedical Implants with Charge-Transfer Monitoring and Regulating Abilities. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2004393. [PMID: 34166584 PMCID: PMC8373130 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane charge (ion/electron) transfer is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is involved in many biological processes, from protein synthesis to embryonic development in organisms. Designing implant devices that can detect or regulate cellular transmembrane charge transfer is expected to sense and modulate the behaviors of host cells and tissues. Thus, charge transfer can be regarded as a bridge connecting living systems and human-made implantable devices. This review describes the mode and mechanism of charge transfer between organisms and nonliving materials, and summarizes the strategies to endow implants with charge-transfer regulating or monitoring abilities. Furthermore, three major charge-transfer controlling systems, including wired, self-activated, and stimuli-responsive biomedical implants, as well as the design principles and pivotal materials are systematically elaborated. The clinical challenges and the prospects for future development of these implant devices are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institutes of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China
| | - Ji Tan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institutes of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
| | - Hongqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institutes of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institutes of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310024China
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Molaei M, Attarzadeh N, Fattah-Alhosseini A. Tailoring the biological response of zirconium implants using zirconia bioceramic coatings: A systematic review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 66:126756. [PMID: 33831798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor biological performance of zirconium implants in the human body resulting from their bio-inertness and vulnerability to corrosion and bacterial activity reflects the need for further studies on substitution or performing the surface modification. The suggestion of employing zirconia (ZrO2) bioceramic coatings for surface modification seems beneficial. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to identify and summarize existing documents reporting the biological responses for ZrO2 coatings produced by the PEO process on zirconium implants. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science international databases were searched for the original and English-language studies published between 2000 and 2021. All publications reported at least one study about in-vitro (cellular and immersion studies), in-vivo (animal studies), and antibacterial topics for ZrO2-PEO coated zirconium implants. RESULTS Throughout the initial search, 496 publications were found, and 296 papers remained following the elimination of duplicates. Finally, after multiple screening and eligibility assessments, 25 publications were qualified and included in the review. Among them, 25 in-vitro (cellular and immersion in SBF and Hanks' solutions studies), one in-vivo (animal studies), and eight antibacterial studies were found. CONCLUSION The ZrO2 coated samples demonstrate no cytotoxicity, high cell viability rate, and excellent biocompatibility. However, changing the solution composition and electrical parameters during the PEO procedures result in significant changes to in-vitro responses. As an instance, the ZrO2 coating surface demonstrates greater biocompatibility after irradiated by UV, which makes the surface more suitable for cell growth. Due to weak apatite-forming ability, the zirconium sample shows low bioactivity in SBF. However, most cases (13 out of 16) show that the specific morphology and chemical composition of the ZrO2 coating promote apatite-forming ability with good bioactivity in SBF. Nevertheless, few papers (three out of 16) showed that the ZrO2 coatings immersed in SBF had no apatite precipitates and so no bioactivity. These cases limit the bioactivity enhancement to treatment by UV-light irradiation, hydrothermal and chemical treatment, thermal evaporation, and cathodic polarization post-treatment on ZrO2 coatings. Both zirconium and ZrO2 coated samples do not show apatite-forming ability in Hanks' solution. The ZrO2 coated implant with the bone together indicates a greater shear strength and rapid new bone formation ability during 12 weeks because of containing Ca-P compounds and porous structure. The UV post-treated ZrO2 coating induces faster new bone formation and firmer connection of bond with bone than those of untreated ZrO2 coatings. A stronger antibacterial activity of ZrO2 coatings is confirmed in half of the selected papers (four out of eight studies) compared to the bare zirconium samples. The antibacterial protection of ZrO2 coatings can be influenced by the PEO procedure variables, i.e., solution composition, electrical parameters, and treatment time. In three cases, the antibacterial activity of ZrO2 coatings is enhanced by deposition of Zn, Ag, or Cu antibacterial layers through thermal evaporation post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Molaei
- Department of Materials Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38695, Iran
| | - Navid Attarzadeh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
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Silver-Releasing Micro-/Nanoporous Coating on Additively Manufactured Macroporous Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr Scaffolds with High Osseointegration and Antibacterial Properties. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The two major problems of titanium alloy surface of bone/dental implants were the lack of native tissue integration and associated infection. To solve these problems, the development of self-defending implants with intrinsic osteogenic properties has been highlighted, in which titanium alloy surfaces of bone/dental implants are endowed with antibacterial property by silver (Ag) incorporated in biomaterials. In this study, we biofunctionalized the surface of selective laser melting (SLM) manufactured volume-porous Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr scaffolds by using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) as a way to eliminate the peri-operative bacterial load and promote osseointegration. In the experiment, the PEO process operated with three different concentration (1, 1, and 2 g/L) of a AgNO3 solution. As a result, a titanium oxide coating embedded with calcium and phosphorous and Ag was formed by one-step PEO treatment, and a presence of HAp was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XPS. In addition, Ag ions were found to be released from the scaffolds for at least 28 days, resulting in an effective prevention of bacterial adhesion and a decrease of the number of planktonic bacteria, with no sign of cytotoxicity shown simultaneously. Highly porosity micropores were formed on the surface of scaffolds after oxidation, and the mechanical properties did not show any signs of change. Besides, a strong calcium deposition and osteoconductive effect were found on the surface of PEO-treated Ag scaffolds. To sum up, this study reveals the potential of PEO coatings to biofunctionalize SLM Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr scaffolds with antibacterial agents. The biomaterials developed here, therefore, exploit the biofunctionalized behavior of Ag to offer strong antibacterial behavior and osteogenic promotion without cytotoxicity of Ag against mammalian cells.
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Abstract
Implant-associated infections (IAIs) are among the most intractable and costly complications in implant surgery. They can lead to surgery failure, a high economic burden, and a decrease in patient quality of life. This manuscript is devoted to introducing current antimicrobial strategies for additively manufactured (AM) titanium (Ti) implants and fostering a better understanding in order to pave the way for potential modern high-throughput technologies. Most bactericidal strategies rely on implant structure design and surface modification. By means of rational structural design, the performance of AM Ti implants can be improved by maintaining a favorable balance between the mechanical, osteogenic, and antibacterial properties. This subject becomes even more important when working with complex geometries; therefore, it is necessary to select appropriate surface modification techniques, including both topological and chemical modification. Antibacterial active metal and antibiotic coatings are among the most commonly used chemical modifications in AM Ti implants. These surface modifications can successfully inhibit bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, and bacterial apoptosis, leading to improved antibacterial properties. As a result of certain issues such as drug resistance and cytotoxicity, the development of novel and alternative antimicrobial strategies is urgently required. In this regard, the present review paper provides insights into the enhancement of bactericidal properties in AM Ti implants.
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