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Faganello LS, Zimerman LI. COVID-19 and Atrial Fibrillation: Predicting to Prevent. Arq Bras Cardiol 2024; 121:e20230823. [PMID: 38597569 PMCID: PMC11081095 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Simonetto Faganello
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRSBrasilHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil
| | - Leandro Ioschpe Zimerman
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRSBrasilHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil
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2
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Zisis SN, Durieux JC, Mouchati C, Funderburg N, Ailstock K, Chong M, Labbato D, McComsey GA. Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2. Pathog Immun 2023; 8:1-15. [PMID: 38156116 PMCID: PMC10753933 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v8i2.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 survivors can experience lingering symptoms known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) that appear in different phenotypes, and its etiology remains elusive. We assessed the relationship of endothelial dysfunction with having COVID and PASC. METHODS Data was collected from a prospectively enrolled cohort (n=379) of COVID-negative and COVID-positive participants with and without PASC. Primary outcomes, endothelial function (measured by reactive hyperemic index [RHI]), and arterial elasticity (measured by augmentation index standardized at 75 bpm [AI]), were measured using the FDA approved EndoPAT. Patient characteristics, labs, metabolic measures, markers of inflammation, and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) were collected at each study visit, and PASC symptoms were categorized into 3 non-exclusive phenotypes: cardiopulmonary, neurocognitive, and general. COVID-negative controls were propensity score matched to COVID-negative-infected cases using the greedy nearest neighbor method. RESULTS There were 14.3% of participants who were fully recovered COVID positive and 28.5% who were COVID positive with PASC, averaging 8.64 ± 6.26 total number of symptoms. The mean RHI was similar across the cohort and having COVID or PASC was not associated with endothelial function (P=0.33). Age (P<0.0001), female sex (P<0.0001), and CRP P=0.04) were positively associated with arterial stiffness, and COVID positive PASC positive with neurological and/or cardiopulmonary phenotypes had the worst arterial elasticity (highest AI). Values for AI (P=0.002) and ox-LDL (P<0.0001) were independently and positively associated with an increased likelihood of having PASC. CONCLUSION There is evidence of an independent association between PASC, ox-LDL, and arterial stiffness with neurological and/or cardiopulmonary phenotypes having the worst arterial elasticity. Future studies should continue investigating the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokratis N Zisis
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jared C Durieux
- Clinical Research Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Nicholas Funderburg
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kate Ailstock
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mary Chong
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Danielle Labbato
- Clinical Research Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Grace A McComsey
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Clinical Research Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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3
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Kaulback K, Schwellnus M, Sewry N, Lombard C, Jordaan E, Wood P. The cardiovascular response to exercise in athletes recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study with repeated measures over 16 weeks - AWARE IX. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:2077-2087. [PMID: 38323527 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2312054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Higher exercise heart rate (HR) and prolonged return-to-sport in athletes with SARS-CoV-2 infection are described, but the cardiovascular response to exercise during recovery is not understood. This prospective, cohort, experimental study with repeated measures evaluated the cardiovascular response to exercise over 16 weeks in athletes recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Athletes (n = 82) completed 2-5 repeat assessments at regulated intervals over 16 weeks post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data from 287 assessments (submaximal exercise tests; Modified Bruce protocol) are included. HR (bpm), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (Borg scale 6-20) were measured. Rates of change in HR, SBP and RPE over time are reported. Submaximal exercise HR, SBP and RPE decreased significantly over 16 weeks (p < 0.01). There was a steeper rate of decline for HR and RPE ≤30 days compared to >30 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection: HR at Stage 3: ≤30 days -0.53 (0.01); >30 days -0.06 (0.02) and Stage 5: ≤30 days -0.77 (0.12); >30 days -0.12 (0.02); RPE at Stage 3: ≤30 days -0.09 (0.02); >30 days -0.01 (0.0002) and Stage 5: ≤30 days -0.13 (0.02); >30 days -0.02 (0.004). The findings provide clinical recommendation for exercise prescription and monitoring RPE in response to exercise post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and contribute to the clinical understanding of recovery which can help manage athlete expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kaulback
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- IOC Research Centre of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nicola Sewry
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- IOC Research Centre of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carl Lombard
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Esme Jordaan
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paola Wood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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4
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Gómez-Moyano E, Rodríguez-Capitán J, Gaitán Román D, Reyes Bueno JA, Villalobos Sánchez A, Espíldora Hernández F, González Angulo GE, Molina Mora MJ, Thurnhofer-Hemsi K, Molina-Ramos AI, Romero-Cuevas M, Jiménez-Navarro M, Pavón-Morón FJ. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and other related dysautonomic disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection and after COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccination. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1221518. [PMID: 37654428 PMCID: PMC10467287 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1221518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a challenge for our society due to the post-acute sequelae of the disease. Persistent symptoms and long-term multiorgan complications, known as post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, can occur beyond 4 weeks from the onset of the COVID-19 infection. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is considered a variety of dysautonomia, which is characterized by chronic symptoms that occur with standing and a sustained increase in heart rate, without orthostatic hypotension. POTS can lead to debilitating symptoms, significant disability, and impaired quality of life. In this narrative review, the etiopathogenic basis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and socioeconomic impact of POTS, as well as other related dysautonomic disorders, after COVID-19 infection and SARS-CoV-2 postvaccination, were discussed. After a search conducted in March 2023, a total of 89 relevant articles were selected from the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. The review highlights the importance of recognizing and managing POTS after COVID-19 infection and vaccination, and the approach to autonomic disorders should be known by all specialists in different medical areas. The diagnosis of POTS requires a comprehensive clinical assessment, including a detailed medical history, physical examination, orthostatic vital signs, and autonomic function tests. The treatment of POTS after COVID-19 infection or vaccination is mainly focused on lifestyle modifications, such as increased fluid and salt intake, exercise, and graduated compression stockings. Pharmacotherapy, such as beta-blockers, fludrocortisone, midodrine, and ivabradine, may also be used in selected cases. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms, risk factors, and optimal treatment strategies for this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Capitán
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Gaitán Román
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karl Thurnhofer-Hemsi
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Computer Languages and Computer Sciences, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Molina-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero-Cuevas
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón-Morón
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
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Rabady S, Hoffmann K, Aigner M, Altenberger J, Brose M, Costa U, Denk-Linnert DM, Gruber S, Götzinger F, Helbok R, Hüfner K, Koczulla R, Kurz K, Lamprecht B, Leis S, Löffler J, Müller CA, Rittmannsberger H, Rommer PS, Sator P, Strenger V, Struhal W, Untersmayr E, Vonbank K, Wancata J, Weber T, Wendler M, Zwick RH. [S1 guidelines for the management of postviral conditions using the example of post-COVID-19]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:525-598. [PMID: 37555900 PMCID: PMC10504206 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
These S1 guidelines are an updated and expanded version of the S1 guidelines on long COVID differential diagnostic and management strategies. They summarize the state of knowledge on postviral conditions like long/post COVID at the time of writing. Due to the dynamic nature of knowledge development, they are intended to be "living guidelines". The focus is on practical applicability at the level of primary care, which is understood to be the appropriate place for initial access and for primary care and treatment. The guidelines provide recommendations on the course of treatment, differential diagnostics of the most common symptoms that can result from infections like with SARS-CoV-2, treatment options, patient management and care, reintegration and rehabilitation. The guidelines have been developed through an interdisciplinary and interprofessional process and provide recommendations on interfaces and possibilities for collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rabady
- Department Allgemeine Gesundheitsstudien, Kompetenzzentrum für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich.
| | - Kathryn Hoffmann
- Leiterin der Abteilung Primary Care Medicine, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Martin Aigner
- Abteilung für Psychiatrie und psychotherapeutische Medizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich
| | - Johann Altenberger
- Pensionsversicherungsanstalt, Rehabilitationszentrum Großgmain, Salzburger Str. 520, 5084, Großgmain, Österreich
| | - Markus Brose
- Department Allgemeine Gesundheitsstudien, Kompetenzzentrum für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich
| | - Ursula Costa
- Ergotherapie und Handlungswissenschaft, fhg - Zentrum für Gesundheitsberufe Tirol GmbH/fh, Innrain 98, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Doris-Maria Denk-Linnert
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Klin. Abteilung Phoniatrie-Logopädie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Samuel Gruber
- Department Allgemeine Gesundheitsstudien, Kompetenzzentrum für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Str. 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich
| | - Florian Götzinger
- Abteilung für Kinderheilkunde, Klinik Ottakring, Montleartstr. 37, 1160, Wien, Österreich
| | - Raimund Helbok
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Standort Neuromed Campus & Med Campus Kepler Universitätsklinikum GmbH, 4020, Linz, Österreich
| | - Katharina Hüfner
- Dep. für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie II, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Rembert Koczulla
- Fachbereich Medizin, Klinik für Pneumologie Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35035, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Bernd Lamprecht
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, 4020, Linz, Österreich
| | - Stefan Leis
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie der PMU, MME Universitätsklinikum Salzburg Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Ignaz-Harrer-Str. 79, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Judith Löffler
- Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Christian A Müller
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Klin. Abteilung für Allgemeine HNO, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | | | - Paulus S Rommer
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Paul Sator
- Dermatologische Abteilung, Klinik Hietzing, Wolkersbergenstr. 1, 1130, Wien, Österreich
| | - Volker Strenger
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeinpädiatrie, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Graz, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Walter Struhal
- Klinische Abteilung für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Tulln, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Alter Ziegelweg 10, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Österreich
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institut für Pathophysiologie und Allergieforschung Zentrum für Pathophysiologie, Infektiologie und Immunologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Karin Vonbank
- Klinische Abteilung für Pulmologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Johannes Wancata
- Klinische Abteilung für Sozialpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - Thomas Weber
- Kardiologische Abteilung Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Grieskirchnerstr. 42, 4600, Wels, Österreich
| | | | - Ralf-Harun Zwick
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Kurbadstr. 14, 1100, Wien, Österreich
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Paruchuri SSH, Farwa UE, Jabeen S, Pamecha S, Shan Z, Parekh R, Lakkimsetti M, Alamin E, Sharma V, Haider S, Khan J, Razzaq W. Myocarditis and Myocardial Injury in Long COVID Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e42444. [PMID: 37637608 PMCID: PMC10449234 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The repercussions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been devastating on a global scale. Long COVID, which affects patients for weeks or even months after their initial infection, is not limited to individuals with severe symptoms and can affect people of all ages. The condition can impact various physiological systems, leading to chronic health conditions and long-term disabilities that present significant challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. This review explores the link between long COVID and cardiovascular complications such as myocardial injury and myocarditis. It also highlights the prevalence of these complications and identifies risk factors for their development in long COVID patients. Myocardial injury occurs due to direct cellular damage and T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity resulting in elevated cardiac biomarkers. Diagnostic techniques like electrocardiogram, troponin level testing, and magnetic resonance imaging can help identify myocarditis, but endomyocardial biopsy is considered the gold-standard diagnostic technique. Guideline-directed medical therapy is recommended for COVID-19 myocarditis patients for better prognosis while being monitored under comprehensive care management approaches. Therefore, it's critical to develop effective screening techniques specifically for vulnerable populations while conducting further research that addresses the effects of long COVID on society's physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sri Hari Paruchuri
- Internal Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Umm E Farwa
- Emergency Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Shaista Jabeen
- Medicine, Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Hospital, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Shreyansh Pamecha
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Zoofi Shan
- Cardiology, Hero DMC (Dayanand Medical College) Heart Institute, Ludhiana, IND
| | - Ritika Parekh
- Community Health, K. J. (Karamshibhai Jethabhai) Somaiya Medical College and Research Centre, Mumbai, Mumbai, IND
| | | | - Eman Alamin
- Community Health, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Vagisha Sharma
- College of Medicine, Vardhaman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Salar Haider
- Physiology, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, PAK
| | - Javeria Khan
- Adult Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Waleed Razzaq
- Internal Medicine, Services Hospital Lahore, Lahore, PAK
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7
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Wirth KJ, Löhn M. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and Comorbidities: Linked by Vascular Pathomechanisms and Vasoactive Mediators? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050978. [PMID: 37241210 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is often associated with various other syndromes or conditions including mast cell activation (MCA), dysmenorrhea and endometriosis, postural tachycardia (POTS) and small fiber neuropathy (SFN). The causes of these syndromes and the reason for their frequent association are not yet fully understood. We previously published a comprehensive hypothesis of the ME/CFS pathophysiology that explains the majority of symptoms, findings and chronicity of the disease. We wondered whether some of the identified key pathomechanisms in ME/CFS are also operative in MCA, endometriosis and dysmenorrhea, POTS, decreased cerebral blood flow and SFN, and possibly may provide clues on their causes and frequent co-occurrence. Our analysis indeed provides strong arguments in favor of this assumption, and we conclude that the main pathomechanisms responsible for this association are excessive generation and spillover into the systemic circulation of inflammatory and vasoactive tissue mediators, dysfunctional β2AdR, and the mutual triggering of symptomatology and disease initiation. Overall, vascular dysfunction appears to be a strong common denominator in these linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus J Wirth
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Löhn
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Myska V, Genzor S, Mezina A, Burget R, Mizera J, Stybnar M, Kolarik M, Sova M, Dutta MK. Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Algorithms for Predicting Response to Corticosteroid Treatment in Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101755. [PMID: 37238239 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most severe long-term consequences of COVID-19. Corticosteroid treatment increases the chances of recovery; unfortunately, it can also have side effects. Therefore, we aimed to develop prediction models for a personalized selection of patients benefiting from corticotherapy. The experiment utilized various algorithms, including Logistic Regression, k-NN, Decision Tree, XGBoost, Random Forest, SVM, MLP, AdaBoost, and LGBM. In addition easily human-interpretable model is presented. All algorithms were trained on a dataset consisting of a total of 281 patients. Every patient conducted an examination at the start and three months after the post-COVID treatment. The examination comprised a physical examination, blood tests, functional lung tests, and an assessment of health state based on X-ray and HRCT. The Decision tree algorithm achieved balanced accuracy (BA) of 73.52%, ROC-AUC of 74.69%, and 71.70% F1 score. Other algorithms achieving high accuracy included Random Forest (BA 70.00%, ROC-AUC 70.62%, 67.92% F1 score) and AdaBoost (BA 70.37%, ROC-AUC 63.58%, 70.18% F1 score). The experiments prove that information obtained during the initiation of the post-COVID-19 treatment can be used to predict whether the patient will benefit from corticotherapy. The presented predictive models can be used by clinicians to make personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Myska
- Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Genzor
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anzhelika Mezina
- Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Burget
- Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mizera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Stybnar
- Czech National e-Health Center, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kolarik
- Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Sova
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Masaryk University Brno, Jihlavska 340/20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Malay Kishore Dutta
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Jankipuram Vistar, Lucknow 226021, India
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9
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Gonzalez-Garcia P, Fiorillo Moreno O, Zarate Peñata E, Calderon-Villalba A, Pacheco Lugo L, Acosta Hoyos A, Villarreal Camacho JL, Navarro Quiroz R, Pacheco Londoño L, Aroca Martinez G, Moares N, Gabucio A, Fernandez-Ponce C, Garcia-Cozar F, Navarro Quiroz E. From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098290. [PMID: 37175995 PMCID: PMC10179575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers various events from molecular to tissue level, which in turn is given by the intrinsic characteristics of each patient. Given the molecular diversity characteristic of each cellular phenotype, the possible cytopathic, tissue and clinical effects are difficult to predict, which determines the heterogeneity of COVID-19 symptoms. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 on various cell types, focusing on the development of COVID-19, which in turn may lead, in some patients, to a persistence of symptoms after recovery from the disease, a condition known as long COVID. We describe the molecular mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions, including alterations in protein expression, intracellular signaling pathways, and immune responses. In particular, the article highlights the potential impact of these cytopathies on cellular function and clinical outcomes, such as immune dysregulation, neuropsychiatric disorders, and organ damage. The article concludes by discussing future directions for research and implications for the management and treatment of COVID-19 and long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ornella Fiorillo Moreno
- Clínica Iberoamerica, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Eloina Zarate Peñata
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | | | - Lisandro Pacheco Lugo
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Antonio Acosta Hoyos
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | | | - Roberto Navarro Quiroz
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo Aroca Martinez
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Noelia Moares
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Gabucio
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Cozar
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Elkin Navarro Quiroz
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
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10
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Sayegh MN, Goins AE, Hall MAK, Shin YM. Presentations, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Post-COVID Viral Myocarditis in the Inpatient Setting: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e39338. [PMID: 37378093 PMCID: PMC10292156 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection rates have declined, and mortality outcomes have improved with vaccines, targeted antiviral therapies, and improved care practices over the course of the pandemic, post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection (PASC, also referred to as "long COVID") has emerged as a significant concern, even among individuals who appear to have fully recovered from their initial infection. Acute COVID-19 infection is associated with myocarditis and cardiomyopathies, but the prevalence and presentation of post-infectious myocarditis are unclear. We provide a narrative review of post-COVID myocarditis, including symptoms and signs, physical exam findings, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Post-COVID myocarditis has a wide range of presentations, from very mild symptoms to severe ones that can include sudden cardiac death. Several studies have noted what appears to be a bimodal distribution of affected patients, with individuals under age 16 (particularly males) most affected, followed by those over age 50. The gold standard of diagnosis for myocarditis is endomyocardial biopsy and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. However, if these are not available, other studies such as electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and inflammatory markers can guide clinicians to diagnose post-COVID myocarditis when appropriate. Treatment is largely supportive and may include oxygen therapy, intravenous hydration, diuretics, steroids, and antivirals. Post-COVID myocarditis is rare but important to recognize as more patients present with this condition in the inpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Sayegh
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Allie E Goins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Hospital Medicine, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mary Ann Kirkconnell Hall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Yoo Mee Shin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Hospital Medicine, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, USA
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11
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Badinlou F, Forsström D, Jansson-Fröjmark M, Abzhandadze T, Lundgren T. Impairments following COVID-19 infection: manifestations and investigations of related factors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6564. [PMID: 37085606 PMCID: PMC10119844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a major global impact on the health and wellbeing for many individuals. Even though the infection rates have gone down due to the availability of vaccines, the consequences of the disease are still present due to persistent symptoms among individuals. The aim of the current study was to map long-term impairments in individuals infected with COVID-19 by applying the framework of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and also investigate the factors related to the context of an individual's life influencing the impairments. A web-survey that targeted individuals that had been infected with COVID-19 was used. The survey included a range of measures covering contextual factors and factors related to body functions and structures and post-COVID impairments. A total of 501 individuals were included in the study (with a mean age of 47.6 years). 96% of the respondents reported at least one moderate-to-severe impairment due to COVID-19 infection and the most frequent one was fatigue. In that, 79.6% and 86.9% of the study sample reported moderate-to-severe brain fatigue and tiredness or lack of energy, respectively. Severity of COVID-19 infection appeared as the strongest risk factor for post-COVID impairments. Based on the results, interventions can be tailored to help individuals with post-COVID-19 condition. This could be one way lessening the effect of COVID-19 on health care and society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Badinlou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Medical Unit Medical Psychology, Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
| | - David Forsström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Jansson-Fröjmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamar Abzhandadze
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Lundgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Zang C, Zhang Y, Xu J, Bian J, Morozyuk D, Schenck EJ, Khullar D, Nordvig AS, Shenkman EA, Rothman RL, Block JP, Lyman K, Weiner MG, Carton TW, Wang F, Kaushal R. Data-driven analysis to understand long COVID using electronic health records from the RECOVER initiative. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1948. [PMID: 37029117 PMCID: PMC10080528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have investigated post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC, or long COVID) using real-world patient data such as electronic health records (EHR). Prior studies have typically been conducted on patient cohorts with specific patient populations which makes their generalizability unclear. This study aims to characterize PASC using the EHR data warehouses from two large Patient-Centered Clinical Research Networks (PCORnet), INSIGHT and OneFlorida+, which include 11 million patients in New York City (NYC) area and 16.8 million patients in Florida respectively. With a high-throughput screening pipeline based on propensity score and inverse probability of treatment weighting, we identified a broad list of diagnoses and medications which exhibited significantly higher incidence risk for patients 30-180 days after the laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to non-infected patients. We identified more PASC diagnoses in NYC than in Florida regarding our screening criteria, and conditions including dementia, hair loss, pressure ulcers, pulmonary fibrosis, dyspnea, pulmonary embolism, chest pain, abnormal heartbeat, malaise, and fatigue, were replicated across both cohorts. Our analyses highlight potentially heterogeneous risks of PASC in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Zang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Health Outcomes Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dmitry Morozyuk
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward J Schenck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dhruv Khullar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna S Nordvig
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Shenkman
- Department of Health Outcomes Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Russell L Rothman
- Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason P Block
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin Lyman
- Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mark G Weiner
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Fei Wang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rainu Kaushal
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Carbone RG, Puppo F. Pericarditis in long COVID-19. Int J Cardiol 2023; 376:156. [PMID: 36758864 PMCID: PMC9902338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Puppo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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14
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Dini FL, Baldini U, Bytyçi I, Pugliese NR, Bajraktari G, Henein MY. Acute pericarditis as a major clinical manifestation of long COVID-19 syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2023; 374:129-134. [PMID: 36513284 PMCID: PMC9734068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long COVID-19 syndrome has been recently described and some reports have suggested that acute pericarditis represents important manifestation of long COVID-19 syndrome. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with long COVID-19, presenting with acute pericarditis. METHODS We retrospectively included 180 patients (median age 47 years, 62% female) previously diagnosed with COVID-19, exhibiting persistence or new-onset symptoms ≥12 weeks from a negative naso-pharyngeal SARS CoV2 swamp test. The original diagnosis of COVID-19 infection was determined by a positive swab. All patients had undergone a thorough physical examination. Patients with suspected heart involvement were referred to a complete cardiovascular evaluation. Echocardiography was performed based on clinical need and diagnosis of acute pericarditis was achieved according to current guidelines. RESULTS Among the study population, shortness of breath/fatigue was reported in 52%, chest pain/discomfort in 34% and heart palpitations/arrhythmias in 37%. Diagnosis of acute pericarditis was made in 39 patients (22%). Mild-to-moderate pericardial effusion was reported in 12, while thickened and bright pericardial layers with small effusions (< 5 mm) with or without comet tails arising from the pericardium (pericardial B-lines) in 27. Heart palpitations/arrhythmias (OR:3.748, p = 0.0030), and autoimmune disease and allergic disorders (OR:4.147, p = 0.0073) were independently related to the diagnosis of acute pericarditis, with a borderline contribution of less likelihood of hospitalization during COVID-19 (OR: 0.100, p = 0.0512). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a high prevalence of acute pericarditis in patients with long COVID-19 syndrome. Autoimmune and allergic disorders, and palpitations/arrhythmias were frequently associated with pericardial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lloyd Dini
- Centro Medico Sant'Agostino, Milano, Italy; University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | | | - Ibadete Bytyçi
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | | | - Gani Bajraktari
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Michael Y Henein
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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15
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Niebauer JH, Binder-Rodriguez C, Iscel A, Schedl S, Capelle C, Kahr M, Cadjo S, Schamilow S, Badr-Eslam R, Lichtenauer M, Toma A, Zoufaly A, Valenta R, Hoffmann S, Charwat-Resl S, Krestan C, Hitzl W, Wenisch C, Bonderman D. Cardiopulmonary Long-Term Sequelae in Patients after Severe COVID-19 Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041536. [PMID: 36836071 PMCID: PMC9959779 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify cardiopulmonary long-term effects after severe COVID-19 disease as well as predictors of Long-COVID in a prospective registry. A total of 150 consecutive, hospitalized patients (February 2020 and April 2021) were included six months post hospital discharge for a clinical follow-up. Among them, 49% experienced fatigue, 38% exertional dyspnea and 75% fulfilled criteria for Long-COVID. Echocardiography detected reduced global longitudinal strain (GLS) in 11% and diastolic dysfunction in 4%. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed traces of pericardial effusion in 18% and signs of former pericarditis or myocarditis in 4%. Pulmonary function was impaired in 11%. Chest computed tomography identified post-infectious residues in 22%. Whereas fatigue did not correlate with cardiopulmonary abnormalities, exertional dyspnea was associated with impaired pulmonary function (OR 3.6 [95% CI: 1.2-11], p = 0.026), reduced GLS (OR 5.2 [95% CI: 1.6-16.7], p = 0.003) and/or left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (OR 4.2 [95% CI: 1.03-17], p = 0.04). Predictors of Long-COVID included length of in-hospital stay (OR: 1.15 [95% CI: 1.05-1.26], p = 0.004), admission to intensive care unit (OR cannot be computed, p = 0.001) and higher NT-proBNP (OR: 1.5 [95% CI: 1.05-2.14], p = 0.026). Even 6 months after discharge, a majority fulfilled criteria for Long-COVID. While no associations between fatigue and cardiopulmonary abnormalities were found, exertional dyspnea correlated with impaired pulmonary function, reduced GLS and/or diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmet Iscel
- Department of Cardiology, Favoriten Clinic, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Schedl
- Department of Cardiology, Favoriten Clinic, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Kahr
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simona Cadjo
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Schamilow
- Department of Cardiology, Favoriten Clinic, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roza Badr-Eslam
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Aurel Toma
- Department of Cardiology, Favoriten Clinic, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Zoufaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Favoriten Clinic, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sabine Hoffmann
- Department of Cardiology, Favoriten Clinic, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Team Biostatistics and Publication of Clinical Trial Studies, Research and Innovation Management (RIM), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Wenisch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Favoriten Clinic, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Bonderman
- Department of Cardiology, Favoriten Clinic, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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16
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Körper S, Grüner B, Zickler D, Wiesmann T, Wuchter P, Blasczyk R, Zacharowski K, Spieth P, Tonn T, Rosenberger P, Paul G, Pilch J, Schwäble J, Bakchoul T, Thiele T, Knörlein J, Dollinger MM, Krebs J, Bentz M, Corman VM, Kilalic D, Schmidtke-Schrezenmeier G, Lepper PM, Ernst L, Wulf H, Ulrich A, Weiss M, Kruse JM, Burkhardt T, Müller R, Klüter H, Schmidt M, Jahrsdörfer B, Lotfi R, Rojewski M, Appl T, Mayer B, Schnecko P, Seifried E, Schrezenmeier H. One-year follow-up of the CAPSID randomized trial for high-dose convalescent plasma in severe COVID-19 patients. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:163657. [PMID: 36326824 PMCID: PMC9753994 DOI: 10.1172/jci163657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDResults of many randomized trials on COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) have been reported, but information on long-term outcome after CCP treatment is limited. The objectives of this extended observation of the randomized CAPSID trial are to assess long-term outcome and disease burden in patients initially treated with or without CCP.METHODSOf 105 randomized patients, 50 participated in the extended observation. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by questionnaires and a structured interview. CCP donors (n = 113) with asymptomatic to moderate COVID-19 were included as a reference group.RESULTSThe median follow-up of patients was 396 days, and the estimated 1-year survival was 78.7% in the CCP group and 60.2% in the control (P = 0.08). The subgroup treated with a higher cumulative amount of neutralizing antibodies showed a better 1-year survival compared with the control group (91.5% versus 60.2%, P = 0.01). Medical events and QoL assessments showed a consistent trend for better results in the CCP group without reaching statistical significance. There was no difference in the increase in neutralizing antibodies after vaccination between the CCP and control groups.CONCLUSIONThe trial demonstrated a trend toward better outcome in the CCP group without reaching statistical significance. A predefined subgroup analysis showed a significantly better outcome (long-term survival, time to discharge from ICU, and time to hospital discharge) among those who received a higher amount of neutralizing antibodies compared with the control group. A substantial long-term disease burden remains after severe COVID-19.Trial registrationEudraCT 2020-001310-38 and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04433910.FundingBundesministerium für Gesundheit (German Federal Ministry of Health).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixten Körper
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate Grüner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital and Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiesmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Phillips-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Wuchter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Germany
| | - Peter Spieth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East gGmbH, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Paul
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pneumology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Pilch
- Institute of Clinical Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Joachim Schwäble
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Thiele
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julian Knörlein
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Krebs
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Bentz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hospital of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Victor M. Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health and German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dzenan Kilalic
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Philipp M. Lepper
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pneumology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Ernst
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hinnerk Wulf
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Phillips-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ulrich
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Weiss
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Matthias Kruse
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Burkhardt
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East gGmbH, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rebecca Müller
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Appl
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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The impact of modular cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life and exercise tolerance in patients with myocardial infarction and COVID-19 infection. KARDIOCHIRURGIA I TORAKOCHIRURGIA POLSKA = POLISH JOURNAL OF CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY 2022; 19:211-219. [PMID: 36643339 PMCID: PMC9809190 DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2022.122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide during cardiovascular diseases. An important step in the secondary prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction is cardiac rehabilitation (CR). However, with the onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the CR programs in many clinics were limited due to the quarantine measures. Knowledge about the effects of CR on quality of life and exercise tolerance in AMI patients with COVID is scarce. Aim To evaluate the use of a modular CR program on quality of life and exercise tolerance among post-AMI patients with COVID-19 recovery, and in those with no history of COVID-19 infection. Material and methods This study included 118 patients with or recovering from acute myocardial infarction. They were divided into 2 groups: the first group included 86 patients, who had slight "ground-glass opacity" changes on the computed tomography (CT) scans, and the second group comprised 32 patients, who had no history of coronavirus infection or no change on CT scan of the lungs during the pandemic. The CR program was modified due to the pandemic era. Results Physical tolerance increased in both groups after CR 3.6 months as compared to before the CR program (duration of training in seconds (p < 0.05), a 6-minute walk test (p < 0.05), the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (p < 0.05), and the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) (p < 0.05)). Similarly, quality of life measures improved in both groups. Treatment satisfaction was higher in the first group at the beginning and the end of CR. Conclusions The modular CR program improves exercise capacity and quality of life with AMI and COVID-19 similar to that of patients without AMI. Patients after COVID-19 should undergo rehabilitation.
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18
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Aghaei A, Aggarwal A, Zhang R, Li X, Qiao S. Resilience resources and coping strategies of COVID-19 female long haulers: A qualitative study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:970378. [PMID: 36407988 PMCID: PMC9672809 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.970378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female long haulers deal with persistent post-acute COVID-19 symptoms that have serious health implications. This study aimed to identify resilience resources at multiple socio-ecological levels for female long haulers and describe how resilience resources affect their responses to long COVID. Methods Purposive sampling was adopted to recruit participants through social media from April to June 2021 followed by 15 semi-structured interviews. An inductive analytical approach was adopted to categorize themes by open and axial coding that were verified by peer review. Results Female long haulers relied on resources at various socio-ecological levels to foster their resilience in response to long COVID. At the individual level, they utilized cognitive and emotional resources to increase knowledge, learn new skills, set goals, and manage emotions; behavioral resources (e.g., internal motivation and executive functioning) to perform physical, creative, and recreational activities, and adopt healthier eating habits; and spiritual resources to perform spiritual rituals and connect with God. At the social level, the support from existing relationships and/or online social support groups enhanced their social identity and provided material and informational resources. At the health systems level, the guidance from counselors and physicians and availability of clinics, medicines, and health equipment assisted them in symptom management and medication adherence. Conclusion The resilience of female long haulers can be enhanced through (1) offering financial and health-related resources, (2) developing online social-support groups, (3) counseling and care service training for healthcare professionals, and (4) implementing more psychosocial interventions by labor organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Aghaei
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- South Carolina SmartState Center of Healthcare Quality, Columbia, SC, United States
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Saikarthik J, Saraswathi I, Alarifi A, Al-Atram AA, Mickeymaray S, Paramasivam A, Shaikh S, Jeraud M, Alothaim AS. Role of neuroinflammation mediated potential alterations in adult neurogenesis as a factor for neuropsychiatric symptoms in Post-Acute COVID-19 syndrome-A narrative review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14227. [PMID: 36353605 PMCID: PMC9639419 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of symptoms beyond the initial 3 to 4 weeks after infection is defined as post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). A wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms like anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders and cognitive disturbances have been observed in PACS. The review was conducted based on PRISMA-S guidelines for literature search strategy for systematic reviews. A cytokine storm in COVID-19 may cause a breach in the blood brain barrier leading to cytokine and SARS-CoV-2 entry into the brain. This triggers an immune response in the brain by activating microglia, astrocytes, and other immune cells leading to neuroinflammation. Various inflammatory biomarkers like inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins and adhesion molecules have been implicated in psychiatric disorders and play a major role in the precipitation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Impaired adult neurogenesis has been linked with a variety of disorders like depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, and dementia. Persistence of neuroinflammation was observed in COVID-19 survivors 3 months after recovery. Chronic neuroinflammation alters adult neurogenesis with pro-inflammatory cytokines supressing anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines favouring adult neurogenesis. Based on the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms/disorders in PACS, there is more possibility for a potential impairment in adult neurogenesis in COVID-19 survivors. This narrative review aims to discuss the various neuroinflammatory processes during PACS and its effect on adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Saikarthik
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Education, College of Dentistry, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilango Saraswathi
- Department of Physiology, Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdulaziz Alarifi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Al-Atram
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Mickeymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand Paramasivam
- Department of Physiology, RVS Dental College and Hospital, Kumaran Kottam Campus, Kannampalayan, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Saleem Shaikh
- Department of Medical Education, College of Dentistry, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathew Jeraud
- Department of Physiology, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S. Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Clinical Management of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in COVID-19 Patients Referred to a Tertiary Cardiac Arrhythmia Center after Hospital Discharge. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195661. [PMID: 36233529 PMCID: PMC9571676 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Available reports on the post-discharge management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in COVID-19 patients are scarce. The aim of this case series was to describe the clinical outcomes of new-onset AF in COVID-19 patients referred to a tertiary cardiac arrhythmia center after hospital discharge. Methods: All consecutive patients referred to our center for an ambulatory evaluation from 18 May 2020 to 15 March 2022 were retrospectively screened. Patients were included in the current analysis if new-onset AF was diagnosed during hospitalization for COVID-19 and then referred to our clinic. Results: Among 946 patients, 23 (2.4%) were evaluated for new-onset AF during COVID-19. The mean age of the study cohort was 71.5 ± 8.1 years; 87.0% were male. Median time from COVID-19 discharge and the first ambulatory evaluation was 53 (41.5–127) days; median follow-up time was 175 (83–336) days. At the in-office evaluation, 14 (60.9%) patients were in sinus rhythm, and nine patients were in AF. In 13.0% of cases, oral anticoagulation was stopped according to CHADS-VASc. Eight patients in AF were scheduled for electrical cardioversion; one patient was rate-controlled. Four patients were treated with catheter ablation (CA) during follow-up. Two post-cardioversion AF recurrences were detected during follow-up, while no recurrences were diagnosed among patients who underwent CA. Conclusion: Our data suggest that AF may not be considered as a simple bystander of the in-hospital COVID-19 course. Management of new-onset AF in post-COVID-19 patients referred to our clinic did not significantly differ from our usual practice, both in terms of long-term oral anticoagulation and in terms of rhythm control strategy.
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21
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The majority of severe COVID-19 patients develop anti-cardiac autoantibodies. GeroScience 2022; 44:2347-2360. [PMID: 36112333 PMCID: PMC9483490 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe cases of COVID-19 are characterized by an inflammatory burst, which is accompanied by multiorgan failure. The elderly population has higher risk for severe or fatal outcome for COVID-19. Inflammatory mediators facilitate the immune system to combat viral infection by producing antibodies against viral antigens. Several studies reported that the pro-inflammatory state and tissue damage in COVID-19 also promotes autoimmunity by autoantibody generation. We hypothesized that a subset of these autoantibodies targets cardiac antigens. Here we aimed to detect anti-cardiac autoantibodies in severe COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. For this purpose, 104 COVID-19 patients were recruited, while 40 heart failure patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and 20 patients with severe aortic stenosis served as controls. Patients were tested for anti-cardiac autoantibodies, using human heart homogenate as a bait. Follow-up samples were available in 29 COVID-19 patients. Anti-cardiac autoantibodies were detected in 68% (71 out of 104) of severe COVID-19 patients. Overall, 39% of COVID-19 patients had anti-cardiac IgG autoantibodies, while 51% had anti-cardiac autoantibodies of IgM isotype. Both IgG and IgM anti-cardiac autoantibodies were observed in 22% of cases, and multiple cardiac antigens were targeted in 38% of COVID-19 patients. These anti-cardiac autoantibodies targeted a diverse set of myocardial proteins, without apparent selectivity. As controls, heart failure patients (with dilated cardiomyopathy) had similar occurrence of IgG (45%, p = 0.57) autoantibodies, while significantly lower occurrence of IgM autoantibodies (30%, p = 0.03). Patients with advanced aortic stenosis had significantly lower number of both IgG (11%, p = 0.03) and IgM (10%, p < 0.01) type anti-cardiac autoantibodies than that in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we detected changes in the anti-cardiac autoantibody profile in 7 COVID-19 patients during hospital treatment. Surprisingly, the presence of these anti-cardiac autoantibodies did not affect the clinical outcome and the prevalence of the autoantibodies did not differ between the elderly (over 65 years) and the patients younger than 65 years of age. Our results demonstrate that the majority of hospitalized COVID-19 patients produce novel anti-cardiac IgM autoantibodies. COVID-19 also reactivates resident IgG autoantibodies. These autoantibodies may promote autoimmune reactions, which can complicate post-COVID recuperation, contributing to post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (long COVID).
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22
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Gorecka M, Jex N, Thirunavukarasu S, Chowdhary A, Corrado J, Davison J, Tarrant R, Poenar AM, Sharrack N, Parkin A, Sivan M, Swoboda PP, Xue H, Vassiliou V, Kellman P, Plein S, Halpin SJ, Simms AD, Greenwood JP, Levelt E. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in clinical long-COVID-19 syndrome: a prospective case-control study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2022; 24:50. [PMID: 36089591 PMCID: PMC9464490 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-022-00887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying pathophysiology of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (long-COVID-19) syndrome remains unknown, but increased cardiometabolic demand and state of mitochondrial dysfunction have emerged as candidate mechanisms. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) provides insight into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease and 31-phosphorus CMR spectroscopy (31P-CMRS) allows non-invasive assessment of the myocardial energetic state. The main aim of the study was to assess whether long COVID-19 syndrome is associated with abnormalities of myocardial structure, function, perfusion and energy metabolism. METHODS Prospective case-control study. A total of 20 patients with a clinical diagnosis of long COVID-19 syndrome (seropositive) and no prior underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 10 matching healthy controls underwent 31P-CMRS and CMR at 3T at a single time point. All patients had been symptomatic with acute COVID-19, but none required hospital admission. RESULTS Between the long COVID-19 syndrome patients and matched contemporary healthy controls there were no differences in myocardial energetics (phosphocreatine to ATP ratio), in cardiac structure (biventricular volumes), function (biventricular ejection fractions, global longitudinal strain), tissue characterization (T1 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement) or perfusion (myocardial rest and stress blood flow, myocardial perfusion reserve). One patient with long COVID-19 syndrome showed subepicardial hyperenhancement on late gadolinium enhancement imaging compatible with prior myocarditis, but no accompanying abnormality in cardiac size, function, perfusion, extracellular volume fraction, native T1, T2 or cardiac energetics. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective case-control study, the overwhelming majority of patients with a clinical long COVID-19 syndrome with no prior CVD did not exhibit any abnormalities in myocardial energetics, structure, function, blood flow or tissue characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslawa Gorecka
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicholas Jex
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sharmaine Thirunavukarasu
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Amrit Chowdhary
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joanna Corrado
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Ana-Maria Poenar
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Noor Sharrack
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Amy Parkin
- Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Manoj Sivan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter P Swoboda
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hui Xue
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive MSC-1061, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vassilios Vassiliou
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Peter Kellman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive MSC-1061, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sven Plein
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephen J Halpin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - John P Greenwood
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eylem Levelt
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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23
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Takekawa T, Kashiwabara K, Yamada N, Watanabe S, Hama M, Hashimoto G, Abo M, Shinfuku K. Rehabilitation therapy for a severe case of coronavirus disease 2019: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:339. [PMID: 36056375 PMCID: PMC9438892 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection require a long period of time to return to work and society due to significant physical weakness even after recovery. Here we report a patient with a history of nephrectomy who developed severe COVID-19 infection associated with muscle weakness but was able to return to society after rehabilitation therapy.
Case presentation A Japanese man in his 40s was admitted to the hospital with PCR-based COVID-19 diagnosis. The respiratory condition worsened rapidly and was treated with extracorporeal membrane-assisted ventilation in the intensive case unit. On admission to the Rehabilitation Department on day T + 30 [T: day patient became febrile (38 °C)], he was unable to stand for a long time and used a walker. Rehabilitation therapy was postponed to prevent COVID-19 spread, but the patient was encouraged to exercise during isolation to improve trunk and lower extremity muscle strength. Physical therapy commenced on day T + 49 to improve gait and trunk and lower limb muscle strength. He was able to walk independently and later returned to work following discharge on day T + 53. A computed tomography scan showed an increase in psoas muscle volume from 276 before to 316 cm3 after physical therapy, together with a decrease in whole-body extracellular water:total body weight ratio from 0.394 to 0.389. Conclusions We have described the beneficial effects of rehabilitation therapy in a patient with severe COVID-19 infection. In addition to exercise, we believe that nutrition is even more important in increasing skeletal muscle mass. Rehabilitation therapy is recommended to enhance the return of severely ill COVID-19 patients to routine daily activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takekawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Kashiwabara
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shu Watanabe
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Midori Hama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Gentaro Hashimoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kyota Shinfuku
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Jikei University Daisan Hospital, 4-11-1, Izumihoncho, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8601, Japan
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Özdemir Ö, Arslan Z. Issues related to post-COVID-19 syndrome. World J Methodol 2022; 12:224-234. [PMID: 36159103 PMCID: PMC9350724 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019-2022 leads to a multisystem illness that results in damage to numerous organ systems. In this review, our goal was to assess current research on long-term respiratory, cardiac, neurological, digestive, rheumatological, urogenital, and dermatological system complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Bibliographic searches were conducted in December 2021 using PubMed and Google Scholar, retrospectively, covering all COVID-19 literature to determine the consequences of the disease. This review may help to determine the prospects for new studies and predict the upcoming aspects requiring assessment in post-COVID-19 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Öner Özdemir
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Sakarya University Medical Faculty, Sakarya 54100, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Arslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sakarya University Research and Training Hospital, Sakarya 54100, Turkey
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25
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Abdel Moneim A, Radwan MA, Yousef AI. COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: manifestations, pathophysiology, vaccination, and long-term implication. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:1071-1079. [PMID: 35575011 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2078081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a new coronavirus family member, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is linked with many disease manifestations in multiple organ systems on top of pulmonary manifestations. COVID-19 is also accompanied by several cardiovascular pathologies including myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, stress cardiomyopathy, arterial and venous thromboembolism, pericarditis, and arrhythmias. The pathophysiological mechanisms explaining these clinical symptoms are multifactorial including systemic inflammation (cytokine storm), coagulopathy, direct viral invasion through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, hypoxemia, electrolyte imbalance, and fever. Several case reports have shown the development of an unusual cardiovascular event after receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The current article aimed to review cardiovascular involvement in the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to clinical features, pathogenesis, long-term effects, and the adverse effects of treatments and vaccines based on the latest evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abdel Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Radwan
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Yousef
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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26
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Amekran Y, Damoun N, El Hangouche AJ. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and post-acute COVID-19. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2022; 2022:e202213. [PMID: 36339677 PMCID: PMC9629292 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2022.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
While the acute illness of COVID-19 was the initial focus of concern, there are increasing reports of patients with chronic symptoms, known as long-COVID. Dysautonomia may be a possible post-acute neurological complication explaining the persistent symptoms observed in long COVID. Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), a form of dysautonomia characterized by sustained tachycardia and orthostatic intolerance, has been increasingly reported in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, this review aimed to report and discuss the available literature pertaining to post COVID-19 POTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssra Amekran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Narjisse Damoun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Abdelkader Jalil El Hangouche
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
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27
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Carmona-Torre F, Mínguez-Olaondo A, López-Bravo A, Tijero B, Grozeva V, Walcker M, Azkune-Galparsoro H, López de Munain A, Alcaide AB, Quiroga J, Del Pozo JL, Gómez-Esteban JC. Dysautonomia in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review on Clinical Course, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Neurol 2022; 13:886609. [PMID: 35720084 PMCID: PMC9198643 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.886609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization sounded the COVID-19 pandemic alarm. While efforts in the first few months focused on reducing the mortality of infected patients, there is increasing data on the effects of long-term infection (Post-COVID-19 condition). Among the different symptoms described after acute infection, those derived from autonomic dysfunction are especially frequent and limiting. Objective To conduct a narrative review synthesizing current evidence of the signs and symptoms of dysautonomia in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, together with a compilation of available treatment guidelines. Results Autonomic dysfunction associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs at different temporal stages. Some of the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms include direct tissue damage, immune dysregulation, hormonal disturbances, elevated cytokine levels, and persistent low-grade infection. Acute autonomic dysfunction has a direct impact on the mortality risk, given its repercussions on the respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. Iatrogenic autonomic dysfunction is a side effect caused by the drugs used and/or admission to the intensive care unit. Finally, late dysautonomia occurs in 2.5% of patients with Post-COVID-19 condition. While orthostatic hypotension and neurally-mediated syncope should be considered, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) appears to be the most common autonomic phenotype among these patients. A review of diagnostic and treatment guidelines focused on each type of dysautonomic condition was done. Conclusion Symptoms deriving from autonomic dysfunction involvement are common in those affected by COVID-19. These symptoms have a great impact on the quality of life both in the short and medium to long term. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of Post-COVID manifestations that affect the autonomic nervous system, and targeted therapeutic management could help reduce the sequelae of COVID-19, especially if we act in the earliest phases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Carmona-Torre
- Infectious Disease Service, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,COVID-19 Department, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Immune and Infectious Inflammatory Diseases Research, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ane Mínguez-Olaondo
- Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital-OSAKIDETZA, San Sebastián, Spain.,ATHENEA Neuroclinics, Policlínica Gipuzkoa Grupo Quironsalud, Donostia, Spain.,Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba López-Bravo
- Neurology Department, Hospital Reina Sofía de Tudela-OSASUNBIDEA, Tudela, Spain.,Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS-A), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Tijero
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Neurology Department, Cruces University Hospital-OSAKIDETZA, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Michaela Walcker
- ATHENEA Neuroclinics, Policlínica Gipuzkoa Grupo Quironsalud, Donostia, Spain
| | - Harkaitz Azkune-Galparsoro
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,Infectious Disease Department, Donostia University Hospital-OSAKIDETZA, San Sebastián, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital-OSAKIDETZA, San Sebastián, Spain.,ATHENEA Neuroclinics, Policlínica Gipuzkoa Grupo Quironsalud, Donostia, Spain.,Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Belen Alcaide
- COVID-19 Department, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Pulmonary Department, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Quiroga
- COVID-19 Department, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Immune and Infectious Inflammatory Diseases Research, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Del Pozo
- Infectious Disease Service, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,COVID-19 Department, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Immune and Infectious Inflammatory Diseases Research, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban
- ATHENEA Neuroclinics, Policlínica Gipuzkoa Grupo Quironsalud, Donostia, Spain.,Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Neurology Department, Cruces University Hospital-OSAKIDETZA, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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Lovell JP, Čiháková D, Gilotra NA. COVID-19 and Myocarditis: Review of Clinical Presentations, Pathogenesis and Management. Heart Int 2022; 16:20-27. [PMID: 36275349 PMCID: PMC9524641 DOI: 10.17925/hi.2022.16.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There are four main myocarditis presentations identified in the context of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): myocarditis associated with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, and vaccination-associated myocarditis. This article reviews the clinical features and current management strategies for each of these presentations. The overall prevalence of myocarditis is considered to be rare, although accurate estimation is affected by heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and reporting, as well as infrequent use of gold-standard diagnostic endomyocardial biopsy. Severity of disease can range from mild symptoms to fulminant myocarditis. Therapeutic interventions are typically supportive and extrapolated from treatment for non-COVID-19 viral myocarditis. Several pathogenic mechanisms for the development of myocarditis have been proposed, and ongoing research is critical for elucidating disease pathogenesis and potentially identifying therapeutic targets. The long-term cardiovascular sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infections and associated myocarditis require further elucidation and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana P Lovell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nisha A Gilotra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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The Impact of World Trade Center Related Medical Conditions on the Severity of COVID-19 Disease and Its Long-Term Sequelae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19126963. [PMID: 35742213 PMCID: PMC9222715 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The individuals who served our country in the aftermath of the attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) following the attacks of 11 September 2001 have, since then, been diagnosed with a number of conditions as a result of their exposures. In the present study, we sought to determine whether these conditions were risk factors for increased COVID-19 disease severity within a cohort of N = 1280 WTC responders with complete information on health outcomes prior to and following COVID-19 infection. We collected data on responders diagnosed with COVID-19, or had evidence of receiving positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction or antigen testing, or were asymptomatic but had IgG positive antibody testing. The presence of post-acute COVID-19 sequelae was measured using self-reported symptom severity scales. Analyses revealed that COVID-19 severity was associated with age, Black race, obstructive airway disease (OAD), as well as with worse self-reported depressive symptoms. Similarly, post-acute COVID-19 sequelae was associated with initial analysis for COVID-19 severity, upper respiratory disease (URD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), OAD, heart disease, and higher depressive symptoms. We conclude that increased COVID-19 illness severity and the presence of post-acute COVID-19 sequelae may be more common in WTC responders with chronic diseases than in those responders without chronic disease processes resulting from exposures at the WTC disaster.
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30
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Long COVID and the Autonomic Nervous System: The Journey from Dysautonomia to Therapeutic Neuro-Modulation through the Retrospective Analysis of 152 Patients. NEUROSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The severity and prevalence of Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequela (PACS) or long-COVID syndrome (long COVID) should not be a surprise. Long-COVID symptoms may be explained by oxidative stress and parasympathetic and sympathetic (P&S) dysfunction. This is a retrospective, hypothesis generating, outcomes study. Methods. From two suburban practices in northeastern United States, 152 long COVID patients were exposed to the following practices: (1) first, they were P&S tested (P&S Monitor 4.0; Physio PS, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA) prior to being infected with COVID-19 due to other causes of autonomic dysfunction; (2) received a pre-COVID-19 follow-up P&S test after autonomic therapy; (3) then, they were infected with COVID-19; (4) P&S tested within three months of surviving the COVID-19 infection with long-COVID symptoms; and, finally, (5) post-COVID-19, follow-up P&S tested, again, after autonomic therapy. All the patients completed autonomic questionnaires with each test. This cohort included 88 females (57.8%), with an average age of 47.0 years (ranging from 14 to 79 years), and an average BMI of 26.9 #/in2. Results. More pre-COVID-19 patients presented with sympathetic withdrawal than parasympathetic excess. Post-COVID-19, these patients presented with this ratio reversed and, on average, 49.9% more autonomic symptoms than they did pre-COVID-19. Discussion. Both parasympathetic excess and sympathetic withdrawal are separate and treatable autonomic dysfunctions and autonomic treatment significantly reduces the prevalence of autonomic symptoms. Conclusion. SARS-CoV-2, via its oxidative stress, can lead to P&S dysfunction, which, in turn, affects the control and coordination of all systems throughout the whole body and may explain all of the symptoms of long-COVID syndrome. Autonomic therapy leads to positive outcomes and patient quality of life may be restored.
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31
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Charfeddine S, Ibnhadjamor H, Jdidi J, Torjmen S, Kraiem S, Bahloul A, Makni A, Kallel N, Moussa N, Boudaya M, Touil I, Ghrab A, Elghoul J, Meddeb Z, Thabet Y, Ben Salem K, Addad F, Bouslama K, Milouchi S, Hammami R, Abdessalem S, Abid L. Sulodexide Significantly Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Alleviates Chest Pain and Palpitations in Patients With Long-COVID-19: Insights From TUN-EndCOV Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:866113. [PMID: 35647070 PMCID: PMC9133483 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.866113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-respiratory long-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms are mainly related to a long-lasting endothelial dysfunction and microcirculation impairment. We hypothesized that Sulodexide, a purified glycosaminoglycan mixture with a beneficial endothelial effect in arterial and venous peripheral diseases, may be effective in a subset of patients with long COVID-19. Approach and Results We conducted a multicenter prospective quasi-experimental study. A total of 290 patients from the TUN-EndCOV study with long-COVID-19 symptoms and endothelial dysfunction were included. The endothelial function was clinically assessed using a post-occlusive reactive hyperemia protocol with finger thermal monitoring device. Endothelial quality index (EQI) was assessed at inclusion and at 21 days later. The study population was assigned to a sulodexide group (144 patients) or a no-medical treatment group (146 patients). Clinical characteristics were similar at inclusion in the two groups. Fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain were the most common symptoms, respectively, 54.5, 53.8, and 28.3%. At 21 days, the sulodexide group improved significantly better than the no-medical treatment group in chest pain (83.7 vs. 43.6%, p < 10−3), palpitations (85.2 vs. 52.9%, p = 0.009), and endothelial function [median delta-EQI 0.66 (0.6) vs. 0.18 (0.3); p < 10−3]. Endothelial function improvement was significantly correlated with chest pain and palpitations recovery (AUC, i.e., area under the curve = 0.66, CI [0.57– 0.75], p = 0.001 and AUC = 0.60, CI [0.51– 0.69], p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion Sulodexide significantly improves long-lasting post-COVID-19 endothelial dysfunction and alleviates chest pain and palpitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Charfeddine
- Cardiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Salma Charfeddine
| | | | - Jihen Jdidi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Preventive Medicine Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Torjmen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Pneumology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Kraiem
- Cardiology Department, Tahar Sfar Hospital, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Amine Bahloul
- Cardiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Makni
- Cardiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Kallel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Pneumology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nedia Moussa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Pneumology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Boudaya
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Touil
- Pneumology Department, Tahar Sfar Hospital, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Aiman Ghrab
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Cardiology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital Medenine, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Jamel Elghoul
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Pneumology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital Medenine, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Meddeb
- Internal Medicine Department, Mongi Slim LaMarsa Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yamina Thabet
- Internal Medicine Department, Mongi Slim LaMarsa Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Kamel Bouslama
- Internal Medicine Department, Mongi Slim LaMarsa Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Milouchi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Cardiology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital Medenine, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Rania Hammami
- Cardiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Leila Abid
- Cardiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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32
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Bonifácio LP, Csizmar VNF, Barbosa-Júnior F, Pereira APS, Koenigkam-Santos M, Wada DT, Gaspar GG, Carvalho FS, Bollela VR, Santana RC, Souza JP, Bellissimo-Rodrigues F. Long-Term Symptoms among COVID-19 Survivors in Prospective Cohort Study, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:730-733. [PMID: 35133956 PMCID: PMC8888217 DOI: 10.3201/eid2803.212020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a prospective cohort study in a population with diverse ethnic backgrounds from Brazil to assess clinically meaningful symptoms after surviving coronavirus disease. For most of the 175 patients in the study, clinically meaningful symptoms, including fatigue, dyspnea, cough, headache, and muscle weakness, persisted for >120 days after disease onset.
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33
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Campello E, Radu CM, Simion C, Spiezia L, Bulato C, Gavasso S, Tormene D, Perin N, Turatti G, Simioni P. Longitudinal Trend of Plasma Concentrations of Extracellular Vesicles in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:770463. [PMID: 35111751 PMCID: PMC8801799 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.770463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma concentrations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from cells involved in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC), their longitudinal trend and association with clinical outcomes were evaluated. Blood samples of consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to a medical Unit were longitudinally collected within 48 h of admission, at discharge and 30 days post-discharge. EVs were analyzed using high sensitivity flow cytometry and phospholipid-dependent clotting time (PPL). The following EVs were measured: endothelium-, platelet-, leukocyte-derived, bearing tissue factor (TF)+, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2)+, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGF-β)+ and SARS-CoV-2-nucleoprotein (NP)+. 91 patients were recruited for baseline EV analysis (mean age 67 ± 14 years, 50.5% male) and 48 underwent the longitudinal evaluation. From baseline to 30-days post-discharge, we observed significantly decreased plasma concentrations of endothelium-derived EVs (E-Selectin+), endothelium-derived bearing TF (E-Selectin+ TF+), endothelium-derived bearing ACE2 (E-Selectin+ACE2+) and leukocyte-EVs bearing TF (CD45+TF+), p < 0.001, p = 0.03, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively. Conversely, platelet-derived (P-Selectin+) and leukocyte-derived EVs (CD45+) increased from baseline to 30-days post-discharge (p = 0.038 and 0.032, respectively). EVs TF+, ACE2+, PDGF-β+, and SARS-CoV-2-NP+ did not significantly change during the monitoring. PPL increased from baseline to 30-days post-discharge (+ 6.3 s, p = 0.006). P-Selectin + EVs >1,054/µL were associated with thrombosis (p = 0.024), E-Selectin + EVs ≤531/µL with worsening/death (p 0.026) and 30-days P-Selectin+ and CD45 + EVs with persistent symptoms (p < 0.0001). We confirmed increased EVs originating from cells involved in CAC at admission and discharge. EVs derived from activated pericytes and expressing SARS-CoV-2-NP were also detected. 30-days post-discharge, endothelium-EVs decreased, while platelet- and leukocyte-EVs further increased, indicating that cellular activation persists long after the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campello
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Radu
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Simion
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Spiezia
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bulato
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Gavasso
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Tormene
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Perin
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Turatti
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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Long-COVID Syndrome and the Cardiovascular System: A Review of Neurocardiologic Effects on Multiple Systems. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:1711-1726. [PMID: 36178611 PMCID: PMC9524329 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Long-COVID syndrome is a multi-organ disorder that persists beyond 12 weeks post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). Here, we provide a definition for this syndrome and discuss neuro-cardiology involvement due to the effects of (1) angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (the entry points for the virus), (2) inflammation, and (3) oxidative stress (the resultant effects of the virus). RECENT FINDINGS These effects may produce a spectrum of cardio-neuro effects (e.g., myocardial injury, primary arrhythmia, and cardiac symptoms due to autonomic dysfunction) which may affect all systems of the body. We discuss the symptoms and suggest therapies that target the underlying autonomic dysfunction to relieve the symptoms rather than merely treating symptoms. In addition to treating the autonomic dysfunction, the therapy also treats chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Together with a full noninvasive cardiac workup, a full assessment of the autonomic nervous system, specifying parasympathetic and sympathetic (P&S) activity, both at rest and in response to challenges, is recommended. Cardiac symptoms must be treated directly. Cardiac treatment is often facilitated by treating the P&S dysfunction. Cardiac symptoms of dyspnea, chest pain, and palpitations, for example, need to be assessed objectively to differentiate cardiac from neural (autonomic) etiology. Long-term myocardial injury commonly involves P&S dysfunction. P&S assessment usually connects symptoms of Long-COVID to the documented autonomic dysfunction(s).
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35
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Knight M, Vancheeswaran R. Post-acute covid-19 in primary care. BMJ 2021; 375:n3080. [PMID: 34965928 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Knight
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - Rama Vancheeswaran
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
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36
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Novak P, Mukerji SS, Alabsi HS, Systrom D, Marciano SP, Felsenstein D, Mullally WJ, Pilgrim DM. Multisystem Involvement in Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Ann Neurol 2021; 91:367-379. [PMID: 34952975 PMCID: PMC9011495 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe cerebrovascular, neuropathic and autonomic features of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). METHODS This retrospective study evaluated consecutive patients with chronic fatigue, brain fog and orthostatic intolerance consistent with PASC. Controls included postural tachycardia syndrome patients (POTS) and healthy participants. Analyzed data included surveys and autonomic (Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing, sudomotor and tilt tests), cerebrovascular (cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) monitoring in middle cerebral artery), respiratory (capnography monitoring) and neuropathic (skin biopsies for assessment of small fiber neuropathy) testing and inflammatory/autoimmune markers. RESULTS Nine PASC patients were evaluated 0.7±0.3 years after a mild COVID-19 infection, treated as home observations. Autonomic, pain, brain fog, fatigue and dyspnea surveys were abnormal in PASC and POTS (n=10), compared to controls (n=15). Tilt table test reproduced the majority of PASC symptoms. Orthostatic CBFv declined in PASC (-20.0±13.4%) and POTS (-20.3±15.1%), compared to controls (-3.0±7.5%,p=0.001) and was independent of end-tidal carbon dioxide in PASC, but caused by hyperventilation in POTS. Reduced orthostatic CBFv in PASC included both subjects without (n=6) and with (n=3) orthostatic tachycardia. Dysautonomia was frequent (100% in both PASC and POTS) but was milder in PASC (p=0.013). PASC and POTS cohorts diverged in frequency of small fiber neuropathy (89% vs. 60%) but not in inflammatory markers (67% vs. 70%). Supine and orthostatic hypocapnia was observed in PASC. INTERPRETATION PASC following mild COVID-19 infection is associated with multisystem involvement including: 1) cerebrovascular dysregulation with persistent cerebral arteriolar vasoconstriction; 2) small fiber neuropathy and related dysautonomia; 3) respiratory dysregulation; 4) chronic inflammation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Novak
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shibani S Mukerji
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Haitham S Alabsi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Systrom
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sadie P Marciano
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Donna Felsenstein
- Department of Infectious Disease and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William J Mullally
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David M Pilgrim
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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37
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Vera-Lastra O, Lucas-Hernández A, Ruiz-Montiel JE, Gonzalez-Rodriguez VR, Pineda-Galindo LF. Myopericarditis as a Manifestation of Long COVID Syndrome. Cureus 2021; 13:e19449. [PMID: 34912599 PMCID: PMC8664614 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The main presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is respiratory. However, there are extrapulmonary manifestations such as myocardial and pericardial injury. The term long COVID syndrome describes the persistence of symptoms in patients who have recovered from the infection. A 31-year-old man presented with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms for three days. Two weeks later, he developed chest pain, pericardial rub, and pericardial effusion; he underwent echocardiography showing pericarditis and an MRI which revealed inferoseptal hypokinesia and mild global myocardial hyperintensity, cardiac scintigraphy with Ga-67, and an inflammatory process in the myocardium. He was treated with methylprednisolone pulse (1g IV/day) and tapering prednisone (5 mg/day), with gradual evolution of symptoms for one year. In conclusion, this is a patient without comorbidities with clinical, laboratory, and imaging diagnosis of myopericarditis as a manifestation of long COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vera-Lastra
- Internal Medicine, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, MEX.,Division of Post-graduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MEX
| | - Abihai Lucas-Hernández
- Internal Medicine, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, MEX.,Division of Post-graduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MEX
| | - Jose E Ruiz-Montiel
- Internal Medicine, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, MEX.,Division of Post-graduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MEX
| | - Viviana R Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Internal Medicine, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, MEX.,Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Tabasco, MEX
| | - Luis F Pineda-Galindo
- Internal Medicine, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, MEX.,Division of Post-graduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MEX
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Ernzen K, Trask AJ, Peeples ME, Garg V, Zhao MT. Human Stem Cell Models of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Cardiovascular System. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2107-2119. [PMID: 34365591 PMCID: PMC8349465 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected over 190 million people to date, causing a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 relies on binding of its spike glycoprotein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for infection. In addition to fever, cough, and shortness of breath, severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in the rapid overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This overactive immune response is known as a cytokine storm, which leads to several serious clinical manifestations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and myocardial injury. Cardiovascular disorders such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and heart failure not only enhance disease progression at the onset of infection, but also arise in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Tissue-specific differentiated cells and organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) serve as an excellent model to address how SARS-CoV-2 damages the lungs and the heart. In this review, we summarize the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the current clinical perspectives of the bidirectional relationship between the cardiovascular system and viral progression. Furthermore, we also address the utility of hPSCs as a dynamic model for SARS-CoV-2 research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Ernzen
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- MCDB Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark E Peeples
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Vaccine and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- MCDB Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- MCDB Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Rabady S, Altenberger J, Brose M, Denk-Linnert DM, Fertl E, Götzinger F, de la Cruz Gomez Pellin M, Hofbaur B, Hoffmann K, Hoffmann-Dorninger R, Koczulla R, Lammel O, Lamprecht B, Löffler-Ragg J, Müller CA, Poggenburg S, Rittmannsberger H, Sator P, Strenger V, Vonbank K, Wancata J, Weber T, Weber J, Weiss G, Wendler M, Zwick RH. [Guideline S1: Long COVID: Diagnostics and treatment strategies]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2021; 133:237-278. [PMID: 34851455 PMCID: PMC8633909 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-021-01974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This guideline comprises the state of science at the time of the editorial deadline. In view of the high turnover of knowledge the guideline is designed as a living guideline. The main objective was to provide a tool for the use in primary care, being considered well suited as a first point of entry and for the provision of care. The guideline gives recommendations on the differential diagnosis of symptoms following SARS-CoV‑2 infection, on their therapeutic options, as well as for guidance and care of the patients concerned. It also offers advice concerning return to daily life and rehabilitation. Long COVID being a very variable condition, we chose an interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rabady
- Department Allgemeine Gesundheitsstudien, Kompetenzzentrum für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich.
| | - Johann Altenberger
- Pensionsversicherungsanstalt, Rehabilitationszentrum Großgmain, Großgmain, Österreich
| | - Markus Brose
- Department Allgemeine Gesundheitsstudien, Kompetenzzentrum für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich
| | - Doris-Maria Denk-Linnert
- Klinische Abteilung Phoniatrie-Logopädie, Universitätsklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Elisabeth Fertl
- Neurologische Abteilung, Klinik Landstraße, Wiener Gesundheitsverbund, Wien, Österreich
| | - Florian Götzinger
- Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Klinik Ottakring, Wiener Gesundheitsverbund, Wien, Österreich
| | - Maria de la Cruz Gomez Pellin
- Unit Versorgungsforschung in der Primärversorgung, Zentrum für Public Health, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | | | - Kathryn Hoffmann
- Unit Health Services Research and Telemedicine in Primary Care, Department of Preventive- and Social Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Österreich
| | | | - Rembert Koczulla
- Abteilung für Pneumologische Rehabilitation, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Oliver Lammel
- Praxis Dr Oliver Lammel, Ramsau am Dachstein, Österreich
| | - Bernd Lamprecht
- Klinik für Lungenheilkunde, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Österreich
| | | | - Christian A Müller
- Universitätsklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | | | - Hans Rittmannsberger
- Abteilung Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen-Klinikum, Steyr, Österreich
| | - Paul Sator
- Dermatologische Abteilung, Klinik Hietzing, Wiener Gesundheitsverbund, Wien, Österreich
| | - Volker Strenger
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | - Karin Vonbank
- Klinische Abteilung für Pulmologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Johannes Wancata
- Klinische Abteilung für Sozialpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Thomas Weber
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin 2 (Kardiologie, Intensivmedizin), Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Österreich
| | - Jörg Weber
- Klinikum Klagenfurt, Feschnigstraße 11, 9020, Klagenfurt, Österreich
| | - Günter Weiss
- Univ.-Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Maria Wendler
- Department Allgemeine Gesundheitsstudien, Kompetenzzentrum für Allgemein- und Familienmedizin, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems, Österreich
| | - Ralf-Harun Zwick
- Ambulante internistische Rehabilitation, Therme Wien Med, Wien, Österreich
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Arévalos V, Ortega-Paz L, Rodríguez-Arias JJ, Calvo López M, Castrillo-Golvano L, Salazar-Rodríguez A, Sabaté-Tormos M, Spione F, Sabaté M, Brugaletta S. Acute and Chronic Effects of COVID-19 on the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8100128. [PMID: 34677197 PMCID: PMC8541609 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has shown significant morbidity with the involvement of multiple systems, including the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular manifestations in the acute phase can include myocardial injury itself, myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolic events, myocarditis, Takotsubo syndrome, and different arrhythmic events. Myocardial injury defined by the rise of cardiac biomarkers in blood has been found in multiple studies with a prevalence of about 20%. Its presence is related to worse clinical outcomes and in-hospital mortality. The mechanisms of myocardial injury have been the subject of intense research but still need to be clarified. The characterization of the cardiac affectation with echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance has found mixed results in different studies, with a striking incidence of imaging criteria for myocarditis. Regarding post-acute and chronic follow-up results, the persistence of symptoms and imaging changes in recovered COVID-19 patients has raised concerns about the duration and the possible significance of these findings. Even though the knowledge about this disease has increased incredibly in the last year, many aspects are still unclear and warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Arévalos
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.A.); (L.O.-P.); (J.J.R.-A.); (M.C.L.); (L.C.-G.); (A.S.-R.); (F.S.); (M.S.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Ortega-Paz
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.A.); (L.O.-P.); (J.J.R.-A.); (M.C.L.); (L.C.-G.); (A.S.-R.); (F.S.); (M.S.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.A.); (L.O.-P.); (J.J.R.-A.); (M.C.L.); (L.C.-G.); (A.S.-R.); (F.S.); (M.S.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Calvo López
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.A.); (L.O.-P.); (J.J.R.-A.); (M.C.L.); (L.C.-G.); (A.S.-R.); (F.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Leticia Castrillo-Golvano
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.A.); (L.O.-P.); (J.J.R.-A.); (M.C.L.); (L.C.-G.); (A.S.-R.); (F.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Anthony Salazar-Rodríguez
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.A.); (L.O.-P.); (J.J.R.-A.); (M.C.L.); (L.C.-G.); (A.S.-R.); (F.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Sabaté-Tormos
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Francesco Spione
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.A.); (L.O.-P.); (J.J.R.-A.); (M.C.L.); (L.C.-G.); (A.S.-R.); (F.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Manel Sabaté
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.A.); (L.O.-P.); (J.J.R.-A.); (M.C.L.); (L.C.-G.); (A.S.-R.); (F.S.); (M.S.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvatore Brugaletta
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.A.); (L.O.-P.); (J.J.R.-A.); (M.C.L.); (L.C.-G.); (A.S.-R.); (F.S.); (M.S.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-227-9305
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Carubbi F, Alunno A, Leone S, Di Gregorio N, Mancini B, Viscido A, Del Pinto R, Cicogna S, Grassi D, Ferri C. Pericarditis after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Another Pebble in the Mosaic of Long COVID? Viruses 2021; 13:v13101997. [PMID: 34696427 PMCID: PMC8540566 DOI: 10.3390/v13101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emerging success of the COVID-19 vaccination programs, the incidence of acute COVID-19 will decrease. However, given the high number of people who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovered, we will be faced with a significant number of patients with persistent symptoms even months after their COVID-19 infection. In this setting, long COVID and its cardiovascular manifestations, including pericarditis, need to become a top priority for healthcare systems as a new chronic disease process. Concerning the relationship between COVID-19 and pericardial diseases, pericarditis appears to be common in the acute infection but rare in the postacute period, while small pericardial effusions may be relatively common in the postacute period of COVID-19. Here, we reported a series of 7 patients developing pericarditis after a median of 20 days from clinical and virological recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We excluded specific identifiable causes of pericarditis, hence we speculate that these cases can be contextualized within the clinical spectrum of long COVID. All our patients were treated with a combination of colchicine and either ASA or NSAIDs, but four of them did not achieve a clinical response. When switched to glucocorticoids, these four patients recovered with no recurrence during drug tapering. Based on this observation and on the latency of pericarditis occurrence (a median of 20 days after a negative nasopharyngeal swab), could be suggested that post-COVID pericarditis may be linked to ongoing inflammation sustained by the persistence of viral nucleic acid without virus replication in the pericardium. Therefore, glucocorticoids may be a suitable treatment option in patients not responding or intolerant to conventional therapy and who require to counteract the pericardial inflammatory component rather than direct an acute viral injury to the pericardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carubbi
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
- Department of Medicine, ASL 1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessia Alunno
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Silvia Leone
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Nicoletta Di Gregorio
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
- Department of Medicine, ASL 1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Bernardina Mancini
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
- Department of Medicine, ASL 1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Angelo Viscido
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Sabrina Cicogna
- Department of Medicine, ASL 1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Cardiology and Coronary Care Unit, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Grassi
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (N.D.G.); (B.M.); (A.V.); (R.D.P.); (D.G.); (C.F.)
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Di Toro A, Bozzani A, Tavazzi G, Urtis M, Giuliani L, Pizzoccheri R, Aliberti F, Fergnani V, Arbustini E. Long COVID: long-term effects? Eur Heart J Suppl 2021; 23:E1-E5. [PMID: 34650349 PMCID: PMC8503490 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The term Long COVID (or Post COVID) describes a condition characterized by persistence of symptoms for at least 12 weeks after the onset of COVID-19. It may last several months but the duration is still matter of observation. The symptoms and the clinical manifestations are clinically heterogeneous and suggesting involvement of multi-organs/systems, including the cardiovascular system. The general recurrent symptoms include fatigue, breathlessness, myalgia, headache, loss of memory, and impaired concentration. Patients report loss of their previous psychophysical performance. Cardiovascular involvement manifests with common symptoms such as palpitations and chest pain, and, less commonly, with events such as late arterial and venous thromboembolisms, heart failure episodes, strokes or transient ischaemic attack, 'myo-pericarditis'. The diagnostic criteria are mainly based on the narrative of the patients. Measurable biomarkers or instrumental findings or clinical events are not yet framed in a shared diagnostic framework. The open question for clinicians and researchers is whether biomarkers, electrocardiogram, non-invasive imaging, and clinical monitoring should be included in a shared diagnostic protocol aimed at defining the diagnostic path and protecting patients at risk of unexpected events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Toro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Bozzani
- Department of Surgical Science, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Guido Tavazzi
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Urtis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Giuliani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Pizzoccheri
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Flaminia Aliberti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Viola Fergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Transplant Research Area and Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Manabe O, Oyama-Manabe N. Editorial for "Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Strain in Suspected Myocarditis With Preserved LV-EF: A Comparison Between Patients With Negative and Positive Late Gadolinium Enhancement Findings". J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 56:262-263. [PMID: 34510618 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Manabe
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriko Oyama-Manabe
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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