1
|
Fu H, Pan M, Lai M. Sources of negative emotions and tactics of self-emotion regulation among college students during COVID-19 school closure in China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1265350. [PMID: 38572013 PMCID: PMC10987727 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1265350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the level of anxiety and depression in Chinese college students since the COVID-19 pandemic and explored the sources of their negative emotions and students' self-emotion regulation strategies. Methods A stratified cluster sampling questionnaire was used to survey college students during the pandemic via the Anxiety Depression, Self-made Negative Emotion Source, and Negative Emotion Regulation Strategy Scales. Results The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 23.3 and 20.1%, respectively. These levels were higher in women than in men. Furthermore, senior students reported higher levels than freshmen. Anxiety and depression mainly came from the pressure to grow and the narrowed scope of social activities. Proper relaxation via entertainment and communication with family and friends were popular ways of regulating their negative emotions. Conclusion College students should confront their negative emotions and understand their source, use psychological methods to regulate their anxiety and depression or seek professional help, improve their psychological resilience, and adopt positive coping measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Fu
- School of Liberal Arts, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingfeng Pan
- School of Education Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingdong Lai
- School of Humanities and Media, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bashatah L, Aseri S, Al-Rawi MBA. Assessment of the Mental, Social, and Educational Impact of the COVID-19 Quarantine and Predictors: A Survey-Based- Study from Saudi Parents. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:317-328. [PMID: 38333628 PMCID: PMC10849916 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s448194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Quarantine has had a powerful effect on parents and children in Saudi Arabia in different aspects, namely, educational, mental, and social. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the mental, social, and educational impact of the COVID-19 Quarantine and its predictors among Saudi parents. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out over 6 months in 2020 using structured questionnaires with 42 items, detailing pre-quarantine assistance with childcare, followed by mental, educational, and social challenges answered using a 5-point Likert scale and the factors affecting their children's learning at home during the COVID-19 quarantine. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Results A response rate of 79.5% (n=831) was obtained. Mental challenges were experienced the most, and 68.1% of the parents worried about their children being infected with COVID-19. This was followed by the educational challenges related to their children's online learning, with 61.2% of the parents attributing it to their children's low motivation towards online learning. The mean score for the education domain was 31.14(±7.02). Similarly, the mean score for the mental impact and social impact was 33.13(±7.82) and 12.81(±2.98). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed participants' gender was found significantly associated with the mean score of the educational domain (p = 0.010). Conclusion Social challenges were experienced the least, and parents confirmed that quarantine had helped them strengthen their family relations. Most participants agreed that they had fun spending time with both their partners and children. It is recommended to implement online remote activities and services that assist students and professionals in addressing pandemic concerns, such as virtual group exercise, virtual movie nights, and virtual office hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Bashatah
- Early Childhood Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safana Aseri
- Early Childhood Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Basil A Al-Rawi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Q, Zhang X, Yang X, Pan N, He M, Suo X, Li X, Gong Q, Wang S. Pre-COVID resting-state brain activity in the fusiform gyrus prospectively predicts social anxiety alterations during the pandemic. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:380-388. [PMID: 37838273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety (SA) has been linked to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but the neurobiopsychological mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the neurofunctional markers for COVID-induced SA development and the potential role of COVID-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in the brain-SA alterations link. METHODS Before the COVID-19 pandemic (T1), 100 general college students underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tests. During the period of community-level outbreaks (T2), these students were re-contacted to undergo follow-up behavioral assessments. RESULTS Whole-brain correlation and prediction analyses found that pre-pandemic spontaneous neural activity (measured by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations) in the right fusiform gyrus (FG) was positively correlated to SA alterations (T2 - T1). Mediation analyses revealed that COVID-specific PTSS mediated the effects of right FG on SA alterations. LIMITATIONS The results should be interpreted carefully because only one-session neuroimaging data in a sample of normal adults were included. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence for neurofunctional markers of COVID-induced SA and may help develop targeted brain-based interventions that reduce SA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Li
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brisola EB, Reis G, Costa M, Bellamy C. Brazilian immigrants in the United States and mental health: An integrative review. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1303-1311. [PMID: 36924461 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231159800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazilian immigrants are becoming a more visible minority and, although different from other Latinos (in a linguistic, cultural, historical, and ethnic sense), are usually either counted as Latinos, not included in the Latino samples or simply overlooked in research studies. It is essential to understand the stress and pressures they undergo and appreciate their singular perspective and culturally-infused experiences to meet their needs and improve their mental healthcare and quality of life in the United States. AIM The aim of this review is to understand and describe the experience of Brazilian immigrants in the U.S., related to mental health, assessing what studies have addressed and what is still needing to be researched. METHOD We carried out an integrative review of peer-reviewed articles published between 2011 and 2022 using PychInfo, PubMed, and Proquest, addressing mental health of Brazilian immigrants in the United States. RESULTS A total of 10 articles were included revealing the interest of a variety of fields and uncovering three themes: (1) mental healthcare needs (especially warmth and understanding of culture), (2) common sources of support and stress in the community and work, and (3) Socioeconomic aspects related to their mental health, including discrimination, work-life balance, neighborhood cohesion, and acculturation. CONCLUSIONS Results may be useful to practitioners, researchers, and policy makers, who should be attentive to client's familiarity with the English language, their sources of support, spirituality, specific Brazilian traits, their feeling of 'being invisible', life in community, and their previous experiences with healthcare in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bv Brisola
- School of Behavior and Social Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Graziela Reis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark Costa
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chyrell Bellamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Glowacki K, Affolder J, Macnab B, Ewert A, Tee K, Wenger M, Chan G, Mathias S, Barbic S. Infusing wellness opportunities into integrated youth services. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:403. [PMID: 37277769 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate health services and health promotion strategies for young people with mental health and substance use (MHSU) concerns are critical for recovery. Foundry, an integrated youth services (IYS) initiative for young people ages 12-24 in British Columbia (BC), Canada, has recently added leisure and recreational activities (referred to as the Wellness Program) into its services. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe how the Wellness Program was implemented over a two-year period into IYS (2) provide an overview of what the Wellness Program is, who accessed the program since inception and initial evaluation results. METHODS This study was part of the developmental evaluation of Foundry. A phased approach was used to implement the program at nine centres. Data was accessed from Foundry's centralized platform 'Toolbox' and included activity type, number of unique youth and visits, additional services sought, information about how youth found out about the centre, and demographics. Qualitative data was also accessed from focus groups (n=2) conducted with young people (n=9). RESULTS Over the two-year period, 355 unique youth accessed the Wellness Program, with 1319 unique visits. Almost half (40%) of youth identified the Wellness Program as the first point of access to Foundry. A total of 384 different programs were offered targeting five wellness domains (physical, mental/emotional, social, spiritual, and cognitive/intellectual). The majority of youth identified as young girls/women (58.2%), 22.6% as gender diverse, and 19.2% as young men/boys. The mean age was 19 years, and most participants were between the ages of 19-24 years (43.6%). From the thematic analysis of focus groups, we found young people enjoyed the social aspect of the program with peers and facilitators, and identified program improvements that are being considered as the program grows. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the development and implementation of leisure-based activities (known as the Wellness Program) into IYS and can be used as a guide by international IYS initiatives. The initial reach of programs over two years is promising, and these programs are acting as a potential gateway for young people to access other health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krista Glowacki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, The University of British Columbia, T325 - 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, #588-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Affolder
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
- Therapeutic Recreation, Douglas College, PO Box 2503, New Westminster, BC, V3L 5B2, Canada
| | - Brooke Macnab
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
| | - Alayna Ewert
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
| | - Karen Tee
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
| | - Matt Wenger
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
| | - Godwin Chan
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
| | - Steve Mathias
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
- Providence Research, 10th Floor - 1190 Hornby Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2K5, Canada
| | - Skye Barbic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, The University of British Columbia, T325 - 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, #588-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Foundry, 915-1045 Howe Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2A9, Canada
- Providence Research, 10th Floor - 1190 Hornby Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2K5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zvoníček T, Vašina M, Pata V, Smolka P. Three-Dimensional Printing Process for Musical Instruments: Sound Reflection Properties of Polymeric Materials for Enhanced Acoustical Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092025. [PMID: 37177173 PMCID: PMC10181013 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustical properties of various materials were analyzed in order to determine their potential for the utilization in the three-dimensional printing process of stringed musical instruments. Polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate with glycol modification (PET-G), and acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) filaments were studied in terms of sound reflection using the transfer function method. In addition, the surface geometry parameters (Sa, Sq, Sz, and Sdr) were measured, and their relation to the acoustic performance of three-dimensional-printed samples was investigated. It was found that a higher layer height, and thus a faster printing process, does not necessarily mean poor acoustical properties. The proposed methodology also proved to be a relatively easy and rapid way to test the acoustic performance of various materials and the effect of three-dimensional printing parameters to test such a combination at the very beginning of the production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Zvoníček
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vašina
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Pata
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Smolka
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Y, Ma Q, Xie X, Cao K, Hou Z, Zhang P. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak among the fever patients in the lockdown zone. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:69. [PMID: 36918945 PMCID: PMC10012311 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, which not only impact physical health but psychological health. This research aims to analyze the psychological impact of residents with a fever (> 37 °C) during the COVID-19 outbreak in one community. METHODS There were 105 participants surveyed online from 7th March to 21st March 2022. Collected the data included the socio-demographics, health status, COVID-19 knowledge and concerns and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) ratings. RESULTS Among those participants, the IES-R mean score was 24.11 (SD = 6.12), and 30.48% of respondents reported a moderate to the severe psychological impact. Female gender; youth age; single status; other specific symptoms; concerns about family members, and discrimination were significantly associated with the greater psychological impact of the COVID-19 event (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the lockdown zone, about one-third of the residents have an obvious psychological impact after fever. The factors identified can be used to make effective psychological support strategies in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Chen
- The Department of Disease Control and Prevention, The Armed Police Forces Hospital of Shandong, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Qian Ma
- First Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832008, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Xie
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Kekui Cao
- The Department of Disease Control and Prevention, The Armed Police Forces Hospital of Shandong, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Zhencai Hou
- The Department of Disease Control and Prevention, The Armed Police Forces Hospital of Shandong, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Peiyi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie L, Da Q, Huang J, Peng Z, Li L. A Cross-Sectional Survey of Different Types of School Bullying before and during COVID-19 in Shantou City, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032103. [PMID: 36767470 PMCID: PMC9915210 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has had serious wide-ranging effects on academic, occupational and other daily activities. Like other types of institutions, schools are facing unprecedented challenges. Students may face a variety of adverse consequences, including sleep disturbances and school bullying, if they are unable to adjust to the current learning and living environment. This study explored the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on school bullying. METHODS A total of 5782 middle school students were enrolled in this multi-stage, cross-sectional study (3071 before and 2711 during the pandemic). The pre-pandemic group had a mean age of 14.9 ± 1.73, the pandemic group of 14.75 ± 1.47. Three models were set up using binary logistic regression to adjust for confounding variables (gender, school type, alcohol consumption, smoking, playing violent video games). RESULTS All types of bullying victimization and perpetration (physical, verbal, social and property bullying) were more common during the pandemic than before the pandemic. In terms of bullying victimization, property bullying victimization (crude odds ratio [OR]: 2.398, 95% CI: 2.014-2.854, p < 0.001; model 2 adjusted OR: 2.344, 95% CI: 1.966-2.795, p < 0.001; model 3 adjusted OR: 2.818, 95% CI: 2.292-3.464, p < 0.001) increased the most. In terms of bullying perpetration, verbal bullying perpetration (crude OR: 3.007, 95% CI: 2.448-3.693, p <0.001; model 2 adjusted OR: 2.954, 95% CI: 2.399-3.637, p < 0.001; model 3 adjusted OR:3.345, 95% CI: 2.703-4.139, p < 0.001) increased the most. CONCLUSION This study corroborate the significance of the pandemic on traditional school bullying and suggests that we should further consider other types of bullying and establish and improve the response and prevention mechanisms during public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xie
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qingchen Da
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Zhekuan Peng
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chakeeyanun B, Wongpakaran N, Wongpakaran T, Oon-arom A. Resilience, Perceived Stress from Adapted Medical Education Related to Depression among Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020237. [PMID: 36673603 PMCID: PMC9859097 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted several routine teaching methods in clinical settings which causing psychological distress among medical students. This study aims to explore the association of perceived stress related to the adapted medical education, resilience, and depression among medical students at a medical school in northern Thailand during the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 437 medical students were recruited in January 2022. Data were obtained using self-administered online questionnaires, including demographic data, perceived challenges in learning online classes, the Resilience Inventory (RI-9), and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to explore factors associated with depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 9). A total of 27% of the participants were identified as having depression. Logistic regression revealed that the presence of previous psychiatric conditions (ß = 2.80, p < 0.05), stress from lack of in-person contact with peers (ß = 1.48, p < 0.05), stress from lack of in-person communication with teachers (ß = 1.49, p < 0.05), and level of resilience (ß = 0.88, p < 0.001) were independently associated factors for depression among medical students. Level of resilience was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r = −0.436, p < 0.001). The rate of depression among medical students was higher during the pandemic. Resilience was associated with depression. Strengthening resilience might have an important implication for depression among medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (A.O.-a.); Tel.: +66-53-935422 (ext. 320) (T.W. & A.O.-a.); Fax: +66-53-935426 (T.W. & A.O.-a.)
| | - Awirut Oon-arom
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (A.O.-a.); Tel.: +66-53-935422 (ext. 320) (T.W. & A.O.-a.); Fax: +66-53-935426 (T.W. & A.O.-a.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Montreuil M, Gendron‐Cloutier L, Laberge‐Perrault E, Piché G, Genest C, Rassy J, Malboeuf‐Hurtubise C, Gilbert E, Bogossian A, Camden C, Mastine T, Barbo G. Children and adolescents' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study of their experiences. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2022; 36:65-74. [PMID: 36566357 PMCID: PMC9880751 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
TOPIC Public health measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted children and adolescents' (C&A) lives, affecting their sense of structure, predictability, and security. PURPOSE To examine C&A' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand how this context and its associated public health measures affected them and their mental health, and to identify helpful coping strategies. SOURCES USED The study was guided by a participatory hermeneutic framework. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 C&A aged 6-17 years during the first and second pandemic waves. Participants' interviews were analyzed following a narrative synthesis approach, through which C&A' experiences were contrasted and contextualized to highlight relevant themes. CONCLUSIONS Participants described a distinct pattern related to their mental health as the pandemic unfolded, which followed the severity of the pandemic in the province. Negative repercussions on their mental health were linked to the loss of social activities, imposed public health measures, transition to online learning, and challenges with family relationships. Certain youth shared positive societal and moral reflections triggered by the pandemic context. Coping strategies reported include: having a variety of hobbies; expressing their emotions; and accessing financial and material resources. This study highlights the importance of supporting C&A' mental health during crisis situations such as a pandemic. Their perspectives are vital for clinical practice and policy improvement, particularly to find means for social engagement while maintaining safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Montreuil
- Ingram School of NursingMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale DouglasMontréalQuebecCanada
| | | | | | - Geneviève Piché
- Université du Québec en Outaouais, Campus de Saint‐JérômeGatineauQuebecCanada
| | - Christine Genest
- Centre d'étude sur le trauma du Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal et le Centre de recherche et d'intervention sur le suicide, les enjeux éthiques et pratiques de fin de vie, Faculté des sciences infirmièresUniversité de MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Jessica Rassy
- École des sciences infirmièresUniversité de Sherbrooke, Campus de LongueuilLongueuilQuebecCanada
| | | | - Elsa Gilbert
- Département des sciences de la santéUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQuebecCanada
| | - Aline Bogossian
- École de travail socialUniversité de MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Chantal Camden
- School of Physical and Occupational TherapySherbrooke UniversitySherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | | | - Geneveave Barbo
- Ingram School of NursingMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Long-term psychological profile of general population following COVID-19 outbreak: symptom trajectories and evolution of psychopathological network. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e69. [PMID: 36165185 PMCID: PMC9531590 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796022000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS COVID-19 has long-term impacts on public mental health, while few research studies incorporate multidimensional methods to thoroughly characterise the psychological profile of general population and little detailed guidance exists for mental health management during the pandemic. This research aims to capture long-term psychological profile of general population following COVID-19 by integrating trajectory modelling approaches, latent trajectory pattern identification and network analyses. METHODS Longitudinal data were collected from a nationwide sample of 18 804 adults in 12 months after COVID-19 outbreak in China. Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 and Insomnia Severity Index were used to measure depression, anxiety and insomnia, respectively. The unconditional and conditional latent growth curve models were fitted to investigate trajectories and long-term predictors for psychological symptoms. We employed latent growth mixture model to identify the major psychological symptom trajectory patterns, and ran sparse Gaussian graphical models with graphical lasso to explore the evolution of psychopathological network. RESULTS At 12 months after COVID-19 outbreak, psychological symptoms generally alleviated, and five psychological symptom trajectories with different demographics were identified: normal stable (63.4%), mild stable (15.3%), mild-increase to decrease (11.7%), mild-decrease to increase (4.0%) and moderate/severe stable (5.5%). The finding indicated that there were still about 5% individuals showing consistently severe distress and approximately 16% following fluctuating psychological trajectories, who should be continuously monitored. For individuals with persistently severe trajectories and those with fluctuating trajectories, central or bridge symptoms in the network were mainly 'motor abnormality' and 'sad mood', respectively. Compared with initial peak and late COVID-19 phase, aftermath of initial peak might be a psychologically vulnerable period with highest network connectivity. The central and bridge symptoms for aftermath of initial peak ('appetite change' and 'trouble of relaxing') were totally different from those at other pandemic phases ('sad mood'). CONCLUSIONS This research identified the overall growing trend, long-term predictors, trajectory classes and evolutionary pattern of psychopathological network of psychological symptoms in 12 months after COVID-19 outbreak. It provides a multidimensional long-term psychological profile of the general population after COVID-19 outbreak, and accentuates the essentiality of continuous psychological monitoring, as well as population- and time-specific psychological management after COVID-19. We believe our findings can offer reference for long-term psychological management after pandemics.
Collapse
|
12
|
Haddad C, Sayegh SM, El Zoghbi A, Lawand G, Nasr L. The Prevalence and Predicting Factors of Temporomandibular Disorders in COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e28167. [PMID: 36158329 PMCID: PMC9491629 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an increase in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) was noticed in infected patients. In the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of TMDs during COVID-19 infection and to evaluate associated factors. Methods An observational cross-sectional online survey was conducted in April and May 2021 in order to estimate the prevalence of TMDs in participants who were previously infected with COVID-19. A multivariable logistic regression model was carried out to explore predicting factors of TMDs during COVID-19 infection. Results In total, the prevalence of TMDs during the COVID-19 infection period among participants was 41.9%. High fever episodes (adjusted odds ratio {aOR}: 3.25), gastro-esophageal reflux (aOR: 2.56), and toothache (aOR: 3.83) during COVID-19 illness were found to be positive predictors of TMDs, while vitamin D deficiency was found to be a negative predictor (aOR: 0.28). Conclusion Our study has highlighted a relatively high prevalence of TMDs in COVID-19-infected patients that may conclude TMDs as a possible COVID-19 symptom. Further studies are warranted to confirm the association between TMDs and COVID-19 infection and thereupon include TMDs among the known symptoms of COVID-19.
Collapse
|
13
|
Physical Activity, Life Satisfaction, Stress Perception and Coping Strategies of University Students in Belarus during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148629. [PMID: 35886479 PMCID: PMC9317606 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 restrictions in Belarus turned out to be less stringent than those of its neighboring countries. Objective: We aimed to evaluate physical activity, life satisfaction, perception of stress, choice of coping strategies and their correlations among Belarusian students. An anonymous Internet survey was conducted among 1769 students studying at the faculties of physical culture (415), pedagogical (737), and medical (617) universities. International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), and Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (mini-COPE) questionnaires were used. The respondents declared sufficient and high levels of physical activity. The level of physical activity was correlated with life satisfaction (typically for student-athletes). The least satisfaction with life and highest level of perceived stress were among future doctors. The minimum indicator of stress was noted in athletes. The most common coping strategy was active coping. Strategies of problem avoidance and seeking support from outside were not used by student-athletes. These strategies were used by pedagogical and medical students. Student-athletes have the most favorable opportunities, followed by representatives of pedagogical and medical students. The proposed classification of the levels of behavior (optimal, acceptable, satisfactory and risky) makes it possible to adjust lifestyles.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zapała J, Matecka M, Zok A, Baum E. The needs of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic-psychosocial, ethical and spiritual aspects-systematic review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13480. [PMID: 35789657 PMCID: PMC9250307 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented changes in the functioning of the health care system, which were connected with the occurrence of new challenges for both the health care system's employees and for the patients. The purpose of the present article is to analyze the needs of persons with oncological diseases. Taking into account the multiple aspects of the term health, psychological, social, and existential needs of the patients were analyzed. This article is directed mainly at persons who remain in a direct therapeutic relation with a patient. It is to facilitate recognizing the needs of ill people and to increase sensitivity to the issue of maintaining or improving the well-being of patients which requires paying special attention to their psychological, social, and existential needs during the period of hindered access to the health care system. This systematic review takes advantage of quantitative and qualitative methods of text analysis with phenomenological analysis factored in. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the appearance of new problems in the population of oncological patients or it made the existing problems more severe. As a consequence, it made it significantly more difficult to meet their needs on various levels and sometimes it even made it impossible. It seems necessary to determine and introduce strategies to ensure that patients with oncological diseases have access to psychological and spiritual support in the period of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zapała
- Department of Postgraduate Studies, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Matecka
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zok
- Division of Philosophy of Medicine and Bioethics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Baum
- Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Sousa AR, Moreira WC, da Silva Santana T, Araújo IFM, Borges CCL, Almeida ÉS, das Mercês MC, da Silva RAR, Teixeira JRB, Lourenção LG, Gomes NP, de Santana Carvalho ES, de Sousa ÁFL, de Almeida LCG, Viana LVM, Pereira Á. Sociohistorical Analysis of Normative Standards of Masculinity in the Pandemic of COVID-19: Impacts on Men's Health/Mental Health. Front Psychol 2022; 13:775337. [PMID: 35645863 PMCID: PMC9130819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.775337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men’s health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity. Results The experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care. Conclusion The discourse revealed that the men’s behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thiago da Silva Santana
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | | | | | - Éric Santos Almeida
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Global Heath and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Álvaro Pereira
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Meyer ML, Kaesler A, Wolffgramm S, Perić NL, Bunjaku G, Dickmann L, Serino S, Di Lernia D, Tuena C, Bernardelli L, Pedroli E, Wiederhold BK, Riva G, Shiban Y. COVID Feel Good: Evaluation of a Self-Help Protocol to Overcome the Psychological Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic in a German Sample. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082080. [PMID: 35456172 PMCID: PMC9029872 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has severe consequences for physical as well as mental well-being. In times of restricted social contact, online self-help programs offer a low-threshold first aid to cope with the psychological burden. This current study evaluates the online self-help protocol “COVID Feel Good” in a German sample. The multicentric study was designed as a single cohort with a waiting list control condition. The convenience sample consisted of 38 German individuals who experienced at least two months of restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 7-day self-help protocol included the VR video “Secret Garden” as well as a social or cognitive exercise each day. General distress, depression, anxiety, stress, and hopelessness were assessed as primary outcomes. Social connectedness and fear of coronavirus were measured as secondary outcomes. Results showed a significant decrease in all primary outcomes except for hopelessness. Furthermore, the results indicated a significant improvement in social connectedness. Treatment effects on general distress, depression, stress, and anxiety persisted for two weeks after participation. The present study indicates that VR-based self-help protocols can mitigate the psychological burden associated with the pandemic, supporting recent findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lisa Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Science, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (M.L.M.); (A.K.); (S.W.); (N.L.P.); (G.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Arne Kaesler
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Science, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (M.L.M.); (A.K.); (S.W.); (N.L.P.); (G.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Stefanie Wolffgramm
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Science, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (M.L.M.); (A.K.); (S.W.); (N.L.P.); (G.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Nicolina Laura Perić
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Science, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (M.L.M.); (A.K.); (S.W.); (N.L.P.); (G.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Gentian Bunjaku
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Science, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (M.L.M.); (A.K.); (S.W.); (N.L.P.); (G.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Lilith Dickmann
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Science, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (M.L.M.); (A.K.); (S.W.); (N.L.P.); (G.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Silvia Serino
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Daniele Di Lernia
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (S.S.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Cosimo Tuena
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (G.R.)
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Elisa Pedroli
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy;
- Faculty of Psychology, University of eCampus, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Brenda K. Wiederhold
- Virtual Reality Medical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Virtual Reality Medical Institute, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Humane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (C.T.); (G.R.)
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy;
| | - Youssef Shiban
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Science, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (M.L.M.); (A.K.); (S.W.); (N.L.P.); (G.B.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Factors Associated with Emotion Regulation in Men with Internet Access Living in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073877. [PMID: 35409561 PMCID: PMC8997626 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: to evaluate the factors associated with emotion regulation in men with internet access living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: an epidemiological survey, conducted with 1015 men. An electronic form was applied containing sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, support and coping strategies, as well as emotional and behavioral aspects. Emotion regulation was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence values observed were 44.6% for Low Cognitive Reappraisal and of 47.1% for High Emotional Suppression. The following factors were identified as associated: (a) with Low Cognitive Reappraisal: being aged 30 years old or more, practicing physical activity, worrying about social distancing and having positive emotions and feelings; and (b) with High Emotional Suppression: being heterosexual, non-white race/skin color, having security support or public administration, not sanitizing food, worrying about lack of physical activity and not having negative emotions. Conclusion: the adoption of emotion regulation strategies was associated with individual, contextual and emotional/behavioral characteristics. Masculinity ideals seem to exert an influence on these relationships.
Collapse
|
18
|
Faustino B, Vasco AB, Farinha-Fernandes A, Delgado J, Guerreiro JC, Matos M. Path analysis from COVID-19 perceptions to psychological health: The roles of critical distance and mastery. Clin Psychol Psychother 2022; 29:1707-1716. [PMID: 35315180 PMCID: PMC9087008 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was previously associated with psychopathological symptoms. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unexplored. Previous studies suggested associations between metacognitive abilities (e.g., mastery) and symptomatology, which may have impacts on COVID-19 perceptions. This study aims to explore, using path analysis, the mediational role of Critical Distance (differentiation and decentration abilities) and Mastery on the relationships between COVID-19 perceptions and psychological well-being and distress. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, 227 participants (M = 34.21, SD = 10.9) filled self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Metacognitive abilities were negatively correlated with psychopathological symptoms. Both Critical Distance and Mastery mediated the path from COVID-19 perceived severity and anxiety to psychological distress and well-being. Critical Distance seems to augment Mastery which tends to increase psychological well-being and limited psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Metacognition seems to play a mediational role on the relationship between COVID-19 perceptions and mental health. Clinical psychologists and psychotherapists may enhance psychological interventions regarding COVID-19 psychopathological symptomatology by working on metacognitive Critical Distance and Mastery abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Faustino
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,HEI-Lab, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - João Delgado
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Marta Matos
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-ISCTE, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khalaf OO, Abdalgeleel SA, Mostafa N. Fear of COVID-19 infection and its relation to depressive and anxiety symptoms among elderly population: online survey. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8776364 DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The pandemic of COVID-19 is considered as one of the major threats that affected all age groups all over the world. Old age group has been highly affected with increased risk of severe health complications that may result in several mental health problems such as anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, sleep problems, or any other mental health disorder. Thus the aim of this study is to investigate the fear of COVID-19 infection and its relation to depressive and anxiety symptoms among elderly population during COVID-19 outbreak. A survey was distributed online through social media via a link to people who are 60 years old or above (N = 161).
Results
The average score of fear of COVID-19 scale was 17.7 ± 5.4. There was a highly statistically significant correlation between anxiety subscale, depression subscale, and total score of hospital anxiety and depression scale with fear of COVID-19 score.
Conclusions
Participants who were more worried about having the disease developed more symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to screen the older people for the COVID-19-related fear and accompanying psychological disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wong LP, Alias H, Danaee M, Lee HY, Tan KM, Tok PSK, Muslimin M, AbuBakar S, Lin Y, Hu Z. Assessment of Impact of Containment During the COVID-19 Epidemic and Coping Behaviours Using Newly Developed Assessment Tools. Front Public Health 2022; 9:787672. [PMID: 35004587 PMCID: PMC8728738 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.787672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The confinement measures during COVID-19 had a massive effect on physical and psychological health in public. This study assessed the impact of containment and coping behaviour among the Malaysia public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions assessing the impact of containment and coping behaviours were developed and psychometrically tested. Methods: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with the items using principal component analysis extraction and Varimax rotation. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to determine the relationship between coping and impact. Results: The 13-item of impact and 10-item coping instruments were developed with three dimensions identified through EFA. Both scales demonstrated excellent composite reliability and good convergent validity. The survey findings revealed that the impact on individual psychological aspects was prominent, followed by well-being and lifestyle. Mindfulness and physical coping strategies were most commonly reported. Coping through seeking help from health professionals and hotlines had a positive direct effect on well-being and lifestyle (b = 0.231, p < 0.001), psychological (B = 0.132, p < 0.001), and employment-related (0.194, p < 0.001) impacts. Coping through mindfulness practise had a negative effect on well-being and lifestyle-related impact (B = -0.180, p < 0.001) and employment-related impact (B = -0.096, p = 0.008). Conclusions: Despite some limitation, the scales for measuring impact and coping behaviours have the potential to be used as a measurement tool in future studies. Findings highlight the enormous impact of the pandemic on psychological well-being and lifestyles. Health authorities should support individual coping as it was found to be an important resilience-related factor to mitigate the impacts of containment during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haridah Alias
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud Danaee
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hai Yen Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kit Mun Tan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peter Seah Keng Tok
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mustakiza Muslimin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Science & Technology, PICOMS International University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Golui P, Roy S, Dey I, Burman J, Sembiah S. Resilience and its correlates among medical students in the Eastern part of India during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. J Family Community Med 2022; 29:212-216. [PMID: 36389033 PMCID: PMC9664462 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_94_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a great deal of psychological pressure on medical students, which results in depression, addiction, and suicide. Resilience plays a significant role in coping with psychological distress. The study aimed to determine the resilience level of medical students in Kolkata and factors related to it. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students of a medical college in the eastern part of India during October 2020. Resilience was assessed using the validated "Adult Resilience Measure-R." Data were collected on Google Forms and analyzed using SPSS (version 16.0). Logistic regression analysis was performed to find factors associated with low resilience. RESULTS The study revealed that one-fourth (25.2%) of the participants had low-level resilience. Nearly half (44.9%) of them perceived their mental health status as having worsened during the lockdown. Students who did not enjoy staying at home during the lockdown and who spent <10 h of their time with their family members had higher odds of low resilience. In multivariable analysis, not enjoying staying at home during the lockdown remained the only significant predictor of low resilience. CONCLUSION Students should spend more time with their parents and family members and learn coping skills. Appropriate resilience training programs have to be integrated into the medical curriculum to help in coping with future challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Golui
- Department of Community Medicine, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Saptarshi Roy
- Department of Community Medicine, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Indira Dey
- Department of Community Medicine, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Jayeeta Burman
- Department of Community Medicine, Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital, Raiganj, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Jayeeta Burman, Department of Community Medicine, Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital, Dr. B C Roy Sarani, Uttar Dinajpur, Raiganj - 733 134, West Bengal, India. E-mail:
| | - Sembagamuthu Sembiah
- Department of Community Medicine, Deben Mahata Government Medical College and Hospital, Hatuara, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gothwal P, Sharma BD, Chaube N, Luqman N. Impact of COVID-19: a particular focus on Indian education system. CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9261494 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824557-6.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has stirred up the world, and its overwhelming impacts can be seen from micro to macro level, that is, from an individual’s day-to-day functioning to the broader level—health sector, finance sector, and off course, the education sector. The younger generation is considered to be the torchbearer of the society. As such, their nutrition, health, safety, and providing education for a holistic development being basic essential needs should be a prime concern for policymakers and all nations worldwide. The present theoretical framework sheds light on the negative as well as the positive impact of COVID-19 on education. It presents a critical analysis of how the education sector experienced a shift from contact teaching to digital learning and got a boost through various online platforms despite having its limitations at the same time including the multidimensional impact of uncertainty and difficulties in sustaining. The chapter also emphasizes the effects of home confinements on students and teachers as well. In this way, the present chapter puts forth the pros and cons of online teaching including various other related aspects.
Collapse
|
23
|
Adak S, Majumder R, Majee S, Jana S, Kar TK. An ANFIS model-based approach to investigate the effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 on public health. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. SPECIAL TOPICS 2022; 231:3317-3327. [PMID: 35818512 PMCID: PMC9258467 DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
During the first and second quarters of the year 2020, most of the countries had implemented complete or partial lockdown policies to slow down the transmission of the COVID-19. To cultivate the effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 on public health, we have collected the data of six primary parameters, namely systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, insomnia, cholesterol, and respiratory distress of 200 randomly chosen people from a municipality region of West Bengal, India before and after lockdown. With the help of these data and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), we have formulated a model that has established that lockdown due to COVID-19 has negligible impacts on the individuals with better health condition but has significant effects on the health conditions to those populations who have poor health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Adak
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103 India
| | - Rabindranath Majumder
- Department of Physiology, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721636 India
- Birnagar Municipality Hospital, Birnagar, Nadia, West Bengal 741127 India
| | - Suvankar Majee
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103 India
| | - Soovoojeet Jana
- Department of Mathematics, Ramsaday College, Amta, Howrah, 711401 India
| | - T. K. Kar
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103 India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bilal, Mohammed Al-Matari E, Khan S, Ahmed Mareai Senan N, Abbas A, Manzoor S. Impact of Fear of COVID-19 Pandemic on Job Insecurity and Subjective Well-Being. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221102695. [PMID: 35580933 PMCID: PMC9118005 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Earlier research on the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) mainly focused on fear and its psychological impact on frontline health workers. However, the uncertainty of COVID-19, job insecurity and its effects on non-frontline employees’ perception of their well-being is rarely explored. This study aims to assess the relationship between subjective well-being and the fear of the COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, this study explores how employees’ awareness of their job insecurity influences this relationship. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Spearman’s correlation analyses were used to examine the significance of the relationships between fear of COVID-19 and subjective well-being and the moderating role of job insecurity in this relationship. The findings indicate that greater fear of COVID-19 is associated with a lower level of perceived subjective well-being. However, a higher perception of fear of COVID-19 and its interaction with job insecurity are associated with a higher risk of employees’ well-being. Our study highlights the factors such as fear of COVID-19 and job insecurities that undermine their well-being. Our study provdies practical implications for employees’, managers, and healthcare policymakers to adopt effective strategies to reduce stress among employees. These recommendations include using practical tactics to safeguard the employees health and jobs while effectively coping with the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal
- School of Accounting, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, China
| | - Ebrahim Mohammed Al-Matari
- Department of Accounting, College of Business, Jouf University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Accounting, Faculty of Commerce and Economics, Amran Unversity, Yemen
| | - Sanam Khan
- Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nabil Ahmed Mareai Senan
- Department of Accounting, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Accounting Department, Administrative Science College, Albaydha University, Yemen
| | - Ali Abbas
- Business School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Shahid Manzoor
- Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Satapathy S, Wundavalli L, Chadda R, Satpathy S, Tiwari S, Singh S, Singh A, Kumar Y, Barre V. Coronavirus phase and major influencing factors in determining anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with COVID-19. TAIWANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_14_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
26
|
Sobregrau Sangrà P, Aguiló Mir S, Castro Ribeiro T, Esteban-Sepúlveda S, García Pagès E, López Barbeito B, Pomar Moya-Prats JL, Pintor Pérez L, Aguiló Llobet J. Mental health assessment of Spanish healthcare workers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A cross-sectional study. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 112:152278. [PMID: 34678607 PMCID: PMC8501183 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is posing unprecedented care scenarios, increasing the psychological distress among healthcare workers while reducing the efficiency of health systems. This work evaluated the psychological impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Spanish frontline healthcare workers of two tertiary hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Healthcare workers were recruited from the medical units designated for the care of Covid-19 patients. The psychological assessment consisted of an individual, face-to-face session where gold-standard psychometric tests were administered to assess stress (VASS & PSS-10), anxiety (STAI), depression (PHQ-2) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PCL-5). Regression models were also fitted to identify predictors of psychological distress. RESULTS Overall, almost 13% of healthcare workers showed severe anxiety, while more than 26% had high levels of perceived stress. More than 23% presented severe posttraumatic stress symptoms, and another 13% had PHQ-2 scores equal to or above 3, compatible with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) diagnosis, respectively. Women, stress-related medication, overworking, performing in Covid-19 wards, and substance abuse were risk factors for increased psychological distress. Instead, practising exercise reduced the burden. CONCLUSION This study outlines the severe psychological impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Spanish frontline healthcare workers. The stress, depression and anxiety levels found were similar to those reported in similar works but much higher than in Wuhan healthcare workers. Knowledge of risk factors for increased psychological distress may help to develop comprehensive intervention strategies to prevent, control and reduce the mental health exacerbation of healthcare workers, thereby maintaining the effectiveness of health systems in critical scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pau Sobregrau Sangrà
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Psychiatry Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Sira Aguiló Mir
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Thaís Castro Ribeiro
- Networking Biomedical Research Center: Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Silvia Esteban-Sepúlveda
- Research Group in Nursing Care (GRECI), Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain,Consorci Parc de Salut MAR de Barcelona, Hospital del Mar of Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Esther García Pagès
- Networking Biomedical Research Center: Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | | | | | - Luís Pintor Pérez
- Psychiatry Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Jordi Aguiló Llobet
- Microelectronics and Electronic Systems Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Almugti HS, Alotaibi A, Almohammed A, Abuhadi R, Baeshen R, Alharthi Z, Alsharari A, Alotaibi S, Omar Y, Alturki N, Oberi I, Alrehaili A, Alzahrani A, Alghanim F, Ayoub R. Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Children: Special Focus on Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Aspects, 2020-2021. Cureus 2021; 13:e19856. [PMID: 34963861 PMCID: PMC8704323 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected many aspects of daily life. In Saudi Arabia, many studies, using a range of assessment approaches, have examined how the pandemic has affected the mental health of both the general public and healthcare workers. However, to develop effective public-health initiatives for such crisis events, it would also be relevant to determine the pandemic's impact on the behavioral, emotional, and social lives of Saudi children. Objective To assess, among Saudi children aged 3-15 years, the behavioral, emotional, and social changes that have occurred in their daily lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods This study featured a cross-sectional design. Potential participants were approached through the most popular social media in Saudi Arabia, and the final sample size was 651 parents. As, at the time of data collection, the members of the Saudi public were requested to avoid face-to-face meetings where possible, a well-designed electronic questionnaire featuring closed-ended questions was used. Results Descriptive statistics showed that the mean age of the parents was 29±7 years (range: 20-60 years); over half (58%) were female. During the COVID-19 outbreak, one-third of children had asked to sleep in their parents' beds. Furthermore, approximately 30% of children demonstrated increased irritability and mood swings when compared with the period before the pandemic. Concerning adaptive social behaviors, during the pandemic, 22% of children appeared calmer and 14% of children seemed more thoughtful. Our study reports more screen time, less physical activity, and reduced sleep time among children compared with the pre-pandemic period. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has psychologically affected children. The present results highlight the need to reduce this psychological burden by enhancing children's emotional resilience and involving parents in health-promotion programs aimed at mitigating the negative impacts of such public-health crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani S Almugti
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Ali Almohammed
- College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR
| | - Rana Abuhadi
- College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Yazan Omar
- College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| | - Norah Alturki
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Fatimah Alghanim
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, SAU
| | - Raum Ayoub
- College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ghosh R, Jana PK, Bhattacharya S, Mallik S. Understanding social problems during lockdown and its relationship to perceived stress - An online survey among adult residents of India. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3625-3631. [PMID: 34934657 PMCID: PMC8653471 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2519_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Nationwide lock down imposed due to Covid 19 might bring about various social problems, constraints in availing essential services, difficulty in taking care of morbid elderly persons and inaccessibility to health care which can lead to stress. Aims To identify social problems among adult Indian residents during lockdown period, to assess perceived stress among them and to identify the factors associated with it. Settings and Design The study was conducted through the online platform using a google form among adult residents of India. Perceived stress was assessed by Perceived Stress Scale 10. Statistical Analysis Used Data were analysed using SPSS version 16.0., using chi square, Odd's Ratio and binary logistic regression. Results One fourth of the respondents faced economic problem, 11.7% of them had experienced some sort of violence and worsening of familial relationship. The problems encountered in seeking care were chi square test due to non availability of transportation facilities and health services. Overall 80.78% of the respondents were observed to have moderate and high levels of perceived stress. Multivariate analysis revealed single marital status, owing a debt and experiencing violence had 1.62, 1.8 and 9 times higher odds of having moderate to high perceived stress. Violence was identified as its chief correlate. Conclusions The present study found negative economic and social consequences on the Indian population and also posed an enormous psychological stress due to sudden lock down in pandemic situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Ghosh
- Department of Community Medicine, Murshidabad Medical College, West Bengal, India
| | - Pulak K Jana
- Department of Community Medicine, Murshidabad Medical College, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sarmila Mallik
- Principal, Tamralipto Government Medical College, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nagabhirava G, Godi SM, Goel AD. Fear, Psychological Impact, and Coping During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic Among the General Population in India. Cureus 2021; 13:e20317. [PMID: 35028216 PMCID: PMC8747978 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Public health emergencies such as pandemics affect the health, safety, and well-being of both individuals and societies. Thus, this study aims to better understand the fear due to coronavirus disease (COVID) and associated levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and coping in the general public of India during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 and coping levels among the general population during the coronavirus pandemic’s initial phase. An online survey was conducted using a snowball sampling technique. Results A total of 489 people responded to the survey. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and stress were 27.2%, 21.5%, and 15.3% respectively. Female gender, age below 35 years, history of medical or psychiatric illness, and those who had personal contact with persons with COVID-19 were significantly associated with presence of depression, anxiety, and stress whereas spending more than 1 hour on COVID-19-related information was associated with significant stress. Conclusion This study concludes that the prevalence rates of psychological problems were high during the COVID-19 pandemic. These are directly related to the fear associated with COVID-19 but had an inverse relationship with the resilient coping levels.
Collapse
|
30
|
Faustino B, Vasco AB, Delgado J, Farinha-Fernandes A, Guerreiro JC, Matos M. COVID-19 Inventory and Mental Health: Preliminary Analysis. Am J Psychother 2021; 74:178-182. [PMID: 34455854 DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a set of drastic worldwide changes to and restrictions on daily life. Despite predictions of the harmful impacts of the pandemic on mental health, empirical data are lacking. This study sought to examine the relationship between individuals' perceptions about COVID-19 and scores on mental health indexes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 183 individuals answered self-report questionnaires. A new inventory based on the health belief model (HBM) developed in Portugal was explored with a factor analysis, which revealed two significant factors: COVID-19 anxiety and perceived severity of the disease. RESULTS Results showed that anxiety about COVID-19 was positively correlated with psychological distress, somatization, and paranoid ideation and was negatively correlated with psychological well-being. COVID-19 anxiety mediated the relationship between symptomatology and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Perceptions about COVID-19 seem to play pivotal roles in mental health. These results may inform interventions focused on reducing psychological distress and symptomatology and on increasing psychological well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Faustino
- Department of Cognitive Behavior and Integrative Psychotherapy (Faustino, Vasco) and Faculty of Psychology (Faustino, Vasco, Delgado, Farinha-Fernandes, Guerreiro), University of Lisbon, Lisbon; ISCTE University, Lisbon (Matos)
| | - António Branco Vasco
- Department of Cognitive Behavior and Integrative Psychotherapy (Faustino, Vasco) and Faculty of Psychology (Faustino, Vasco, Delgado, Farinha-Fernandes, Guerreiro), University of Lisbon, Lisbon; ISCTE University, Lisbon (Matos)
| | - João Delgado
- Department of Cognitive Behavior and Integrative Psychotherapy (Faustino, Vasco) and Faculty of Psychology (Faustino, Vasco, Delgado, Farinha-Fernandes, Guerreiro), University of Lisbon, Lisbon; ISCTE University, Lisbon (Matos)
| | - António Farinha-Fernandes
- Department of Cognitive Behavior and Integrative Psychotherapy (Faustino, Vasco) and Faculty of Psychology (Faustino, Vasco, Delgado, Farinha-Fernandes, Guerreiro), University of Lisbon, Lisbon; ISCTE University, Lisbon (Matos)
| | - José Carlos Guerreiro
- Department of Cognitive Behavior and Integrative Psychotherapy (Faustino, Vasco) and Faculty of Psychology (Faustino, Vasco, Delgado, Farinha-Fernandes, Guerreiro), University of Lisbon, Lisbon; ISCTE University, Lisbon (Matos)
| | - Marta Matos
- Department of Cognitive Behavior and Integrative Psychotherapy (Faustino, Vasco) and Faculty of Psychology (Faustino, Vasco, Delgado, Farinha-Fernandes, Guerreiro), University of Lisbon, Lisbon; ISCTE University, Lisbon (Matos)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Damiano RF, Di Santi T, Beach S, Pan PM, Lucchetti AL, Smith FA, Forlenza OV, Fricchione GL, Miguel EC, Lucchetti G. Mental health interventions following COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections: a systematic review of current recommendations and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2021; 43:665-678. [PMID: 33852690 PMCID: PMC8639008 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the most common mental health strategies aimed at alleviating and/or preventing mental health problems in individuals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other coronavirus pandemics. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature assessing three databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO). A meta-analysis was performed with data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). For non-RCT studies, a critical description of recommendations was performed. RESULTS From a total of 2,825 articles, 125 were included. Of those, three RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that the interventions promoted better overall mental health outcomes as compared to control groups (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.87 [95%CI 0.33-1.41], p < 0.001, I2 = 69.2%), but did not specifically improve anxiety (SMD = 0.98 [95%CI -0.17 to 2.13], p > 0.05; I2 = 36.8%). Concerning the systematic review, we found a large body of scientific literature proposing recommendations involving psychological/psychiatric interventions, self-care, education, governmental programs, and the use of technology and media. CONCLUSIONS We found a large body of expert recommendations that may help health practitioners, institutional and governmental leaders, and the general population cope with mental health issues during a pandemic or a crisis period. However, most articles had a low level of evidence, stressing the need for more studies with better design (especially RCTs) investigating potential mental health interventions during COVID-19. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42020190212.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo F. Damiano
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Di Santi
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Scott Beach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pedro M. Pan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra L. Lucchetti
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Felicia A. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Orestes V. Forlenza
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gregory L. Fricchione
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eurípedes C. Miguel
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Amin D, Manhan AJ, Smith RN, Roser SM, Abramowicz S. Frequency of Firearm Injuries to Head and Neck Increased During Covid-19 Pandemic. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79:2299-2305. [PMID: 34756303 PMCID: PMC8554223 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, hospitals faced challenges which were different than previous years. The purpose this study was to report frequency of firearm injuries (FI) to head and neck during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study reviewed patients in the Trauma Registry at Grady Memorial Hospital (GMH) in Atlanta, GA. Patients were included if they sustained FI to head and neck, were listed in TR, and were treated at GMH. Patients were stratified according to date of injury into 1) before COVID-19 pandemic, (BC19) or 2) during initial 5 months of COVID-19 pandemic, (C19). Variables were patient demographics, illegal substance use, etiology, place of injury, distressed communities index, location of injury, Glasgow Coma scale on arrival, cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Emergency Department (ED), shock on admission, disposition from ED, length of stay, days on mechanical ventilation and discharge status. Descriptive, univariate, and bivariate analysis were completed. Chi square test was used for categorical variables. Statistical significance was P < .05. RESULTS There were 215 patients who met inclusion criteria. There were 96 patients (78 males) with a mean age of 31.5 years old during BC19. There were 119 patients (101 males) with a mean age 32.7 years old during C19. There was a 10.4% increase in FI to head and neck during COVID-19. Our data showed that alcohol use was associated with FI during C19 (P≤ .0001). FI to base of skull occurred 34.5% more often during C19 (P = .002). Cranial injuries occurred 26% more often during BC19 (P = .03). During BC19, 85.4% of the patients arrived alive to GMH, but only 16% arrived alive during C19 (P ≤ .0001). CONCLUSIONS There were more FI to head and neck during COVID-10 pandemic than during the previous time period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Amin
- Assistant Professor in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine; Director of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Outpatient Clinic, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Amin, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Building B, Suite 2300, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Andrew J. Manhan
- Medical Student Researcher, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - Randi N. Smith
- Assistant Professor of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine; Assistant Professor of Public Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Steven M. Roser
- DeLos Hill Chair and Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine Emory University; Chief of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shelly Abramowicz
- Associate Professor in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Chief of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tsikouras P, Kourti V, Gerede A, Kiosse E, Panopoulou M, Zervoudis S, Bothou A, Iatrakis G, Gaitatzi F, Vatsidou X, Chalkidou A, Nikolettos K, Alexiou A, Peitsidis P, Lambropoulou M, Michalopoulos S, Nikolettos N, Rafailidis P. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnancy outcomes (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2021; 1:19. [PMID: 36698529 PMCID: PMC9829087 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2021.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the pandemic outbreak associated with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) on pregnant women is of interest to obstetricians and gynecologists due to the vulnerability of this target group. In pregnant women and their infants, an exceptional clinical management is warranted. Current epidemiological findings provide information regarding the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on pregnant patients and potential adverse perinatal outcomes. Overall, these findings are a strong indication that an increased antenatal surveillance for pregnant patients infected with COVID-19 is warranted. The aim of the present narrative review was to summarize the data obtained to date regarding the health of women during pregnancy, as well as that of the fetus associated with the risk of severe infection due to COVID-19. The present review aimed to provide further insight into the effects of this pandemic on pregnancy, also providing the experience of the authors on this matter as an example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Tsikouras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kourti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Gerede
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eleni Kiosse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Panopoulou
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stefanos Zervoudis
- Technological Educational Institute of Athens and Rea Maternity Hospital, 175 64 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Bothou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Iatrakis
- Technological Educational Institute of Athens and Rea Maternity Hospital, 175 64 Athens, Greece
| | - Fotini Gaitatzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Xanthi Vatsidou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Anna Chalkidou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Nikolettos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexis Alexiou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Peitsidis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Spyridon Michalopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikolettos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Petros Rafailidis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Indu PV, Vijayan B, Tharayil HM, Ayirolimeethal A, Vidyadharan V. Domestic violence and psychological problems in married women during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: A community-based survey. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 64:102812. [PMID: 34461369 PMCID: PMC8514844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the declaration of Coronavirus disease-2019 as a pandemic, a nation-wide lockdown was announced in India. This led to increase in psychological problems, especially in women. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of psychological problems and domestic violence (DV) in married women during the pandemic and lockdown in a panchayat in Southern India and to study the association of socio-demographic and clinical variables with psychological problems. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 209 married women of 18-55 years residing in a village panchayat of northern Kerala, India. Socio-demographic variables and clinical variables, like depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, perceived stress and DV, among others, were evaluated. The participants were interviewed by trained community health workers in the post-lockdown period. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be 10.0 %, anxiety symptoms 7.2 % and perceived stress 66.0 %. Severe DV was reported by 6.2 %; but at least one form of DV was experienced by 25.8 % of the women. Significant positive correlation was observed for DV with depression and anxiety. DV was also found to be a significant predictor of depression (adjusted OR [aOR] = 4.26, P = 0.006) and anxiety (aOR=4.34, P=0.02). Being a homemaker (aOR=4.51, P = 0.03) and having past history of mental illness (aOR=5.39, P = 0.03) were also found to increase the risk for depression significantly. CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of psychological problems in married women during the pandemic and lockdown. DV was found to be a significant predictor of depression and anxiety in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Binsu Vijayan
- Medical College Hospital Unit, Cheroopa, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, 673008, India.
| | - Harish M Tharayil
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, 673008, India.
| | | | - Varsha Vidyadharan
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, 673008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mei H, Li N, Li J, Zhang D, Cao Z, Zhou Y, Cao J, Zhou A. Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in pregnant women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Psychosom Res 2021; 149:110586. [PMID: 34454381 PMCID: PMC8314786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluates depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in pregnant women before and during COVID-19 pandemic and analyzes their risk factors. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analyses included pregnant women with depression, anxiety, and stress levels evaluated both in the Novel Coronavirus-Pregnancy Cohort study (NCP) and the Healthy Baby Cohort study (HBC). NCP was conducted during COVID-19 pandemic, while HBC was performed before the pandemic. Multiple logistic regressions were employed to evaluate the associations between COVID-19 pandemic and other co-variables and maternal mental health. RESULTS NCP and HBC studies respectively included 531 and 2352 participants. Depression rates differed significantly between the two studies (p < 0.05). The mild and moderate-to-severe depression rates in NCP study were 25.8% and 10.36%, respectively, and 19.94% and 0.55% in HBC study. The stress rate of participants was higher in HBC study (69.39%) than in NCP study (60.45%) (p < 0.05). COVID-19 pandemic was correlated with higher depression but lower stress risks (p < 0.05) in pregnant women, with OR and 95% CI as 1.68 (1.16, 2.44) and 0.42 (0.29, 0.61), respectively. Pregnant women with pre-pregnancy obesity and high educational levels might have lower risks for depression, anxiety, and stress than those with normal weight and low educational levels. CONCLUSIONS Depression among pregnant women was impacted by the pandemic. Apart from COVID-19 pandemic impact, pre-pregnant weight status and educational level might also influence depression, anxiety and stress statuses in pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Mei
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 100 Hongkong Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Na Li
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 100 Hongkong Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 100 Hongkong Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 100 Hongkong Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Zhongqiang Cao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 100 Hongkong Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 70 Youyi Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan 430000, China,Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangxia Cao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 100 Hongkong Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan 430016, China.
| | - Ai'fen Zhou
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 100 Hongkong Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan 430016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schelhorn I, Ecker A, Lüdtke MN, Rehm S, Tran T, Bereznai JL, Meyer ML, Sütterlin S, Kinateder M, Lugo RG, Shiban Y. Psychological Burden During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany. Front Psychol 2021; 12:640518. [PMID: 34557124 PMCID: PMC8453152 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.640518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After the first COVID-19 case was diagnosed in Germany, various measures limiting contact between people were introduced across the country. The implementation of these measures varied between jurisdictions and potentially had a negative impact on the psychological well-being of many people. However, the prevalence, severity, and type of symptoms of psychological burden has not been documented in detail. In the current study, we analysed various self-reported symptoms of psychological burden in a German sample. The dataset was collected between April 8th and June 1st, 2020, through an online survey measuring psychological burden using the ICD-10-symptom rating scale. More than 2,000 individuals responded to the survey, with a total of 1,459 complete datasets. Data was then sampled to compare (1) the new data to an existing demographically comparable reference dataset including a total of 2,512 participants who did not undergo any kind of contact restrictions or other pandemic measurements, and (2) psychological burden in two different German states. In line with recent observations from Germany, Italy, China, Austria and Turkey, we found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in comparison to the reference sample. Furthermore, we found a high prevalence of eating disorder and compulsion symptoms. Especially younger adults and women reported a higher symptom severity compared to other groups during our measurement period. However, no difference between the two states in psychological burden was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Schelhorn
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Ecker
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Noah Lüdtke
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rehm
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomy Tran
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith Lena Bereznai
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marie Lisa Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Sütterlin
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, Østfold University College, Fredrikstad, Norway
| | - Max Kinateder
- National Research Council Canada (NRC-CNRC), Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo Gregorio Lugo
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Youssef Shiban
- Department of Psychology, Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Razzaq OA, Fahad M, Khan NA. Different variants of pandemic and prevention strategies: A prioritizing framework in fuzzy environment. RESULTS IN PHYSICS 2021; 28:104564. [PMID: 34307006 PMCID: PMC8286550 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this trying time for the world battling different variants of the COVID'19 pandemic, different intervention strategies are being taken by government, to limit the spread of infection. Closing educational institutes, stay at home orders, campaigns for emphasis on vaccination, usage of medical mask and frequently sanitizing hands, etc. are the endeavors made by the authorities to decrease the number of cases in the country. In this regard, the contribution aims to help the decision-makers to identify a potential prevention strategy, based on public acceptance and intervention effectiveness. To achieve this objective, feasible judgments of professionals from three different sectors are brought together through meetings. Opinions, based on ten criteria, are recorded in linguistic form for prioritizing six alternatives. The linguistic terms are then evaluated and manipulated by entailing triangular fuzzy numbers and a group multi-criteria decision making (GMCDM) approach. After using the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (F-AHP) for the complex decisions, the fuzzy VIšekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje method (F-VIKOR) is utilized to attain the closest ideal stratagem. Consequently, through the ranking orders of defuzzified scores, intuitive preference of compromise solutions is suggested. The tactic gaining more priority with respect to the group utility to the majority and F-VIKOR index is complete lockdown for the short term. Furthermore, a comparison analysis is also added in the discussion to verify the attained prioritized outcomes. This comparative study is carried out through the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), which evidently produces the same preference of alternatives. In addition, this strategy can be apparently discovered to be an effective strategy adopted by different countries in successfully decreasing the number of cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oyoon Abdul Razzaq
- Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Bahria Humanities and Social Sciences School, Bahria University, Karachi 75260, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fahad
- Department of Mathematics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Alam Khan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Home Quarantine Induced Health Anxiety During the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic - Evidence From Iraq. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 17:e26. [PMID: 34309501 PMCID: PMC8943275 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the compliance to voluntary home quarantine and to examine the prevalence and associated factors of health anxiety among the voluntary home quarantined population during the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS An online survey questionnaire, including the health anxiety questionnaire, was administered to 1578 eligible adults from the general population of 19 governorates of Iraq. RESULTS Self-reported compliance with home confinement was reported by a majority of respondents (83%) and was followed to a larger extent by young adults (62.2%), females (53.9%), unmarried individuals (56.7%), university graduates (54.5%), unemployed individuals (48.6%), and inhabitants of the northern provinces (50.2%). Compliance was significantly correlated to the level of personal knowledge on COVID-19. The quarantined individuals experienced greater health anxieties and preoccupations and exhibited increased reassurance-seeking behavior. Higher knowledge of COVID-19 was a protective factor against health anxiety. CONCLUSIONS A significant mental health burden is discovered among Iraqis during the quarantine period. Based on the insights gleaned from this study, psychological education and interventions should be prioritized to diminish the psychological impact of the quarantine experience, especially among the high-risk groups. Improvement in compliance to quarantine can be approached by providing better information regarding the novel infection.
Collapse
|
39
|
Delavari S, Jamali Z, Bayati M. Lockdown Effect on COVID-19 Incidence and Death: Iran Experience. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:1-3. [PMID: 34247685 PMCID: PMC8410741 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Countries are trying several policy options for decreasing the incidence and burden of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One of these strategies is a lockdown, complete closure, to reduce the risk of distributing disease by means of social interactions. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a 3-week lockdown on the mortality and morbidity of COVID-19 in Iran. METHODS Official daily data on COVID-19 incidence and death reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) were extracted from September 1, 2020, to January 14, 2021. Data were analyzed using interrupted time series analysis by means of STATA 14 software. RESULTS Lockdown resulted in a significant reduction in the daily death from COVID-19 in the short-term (β = -139; P < 0.01) and in the long-term (β = -12; P < 0.01). Moreover, lockdown in the short-term insignificantly (β = -21.58; P = 0.969), and in the long-term significantly (β = -317.31; P < 0.01) reduced the COVID-19 daily incidence. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the lockdown has a significant effect on incidence and death numbers. Therefore, it could be a suitable short-term strategy for controlling the COVID-19 outbreak. On the other hand, its negative effects on households and businesses should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Delavari
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bayati
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abdullah DI, Parveen DS, Shahid Khan DN, Abdullah D. Anxiety, OCD, delusions, and religiosity among the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 71:163-178. [PMID: 34548689 PMCID: PMC8447175 DOI: 10.1111/issj.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has not only affected the physical health of the public but also resulted in severe psychological outcomes. This study aims to investigate the psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on Pakistan's general public. In order to identify the main psychological factors that have emerged due to the current pandemic, extensive literature and opinion pieces of psychologists were reviewed. After a thorough study of the existing scholarship, four main psychological factors were investigated: stress and anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), delusions of getting infected from the disease, and religiosity. A research survey was circulated among the sample population online. A total 356 valid responses were received in the period of two to three weeks. Findings showed that the respondents reported a moderate level of anxiety, occasional symptoms of OCD, and delusions. However, respondents showed a high inclination toward religion during the current pandemic situation. Furthermore, respondents highlighted a few other psychological factors, such as financial strain and loneliness, in the survey. The primary sources of COVID-19-related information were social media and television among the general public of Pakistan. Finally, guidelines and tips from the reviewed psychologists and psychiatrists on overcoming the highlighted psychological problems that have arisen due to the COVID-19 outbreak were summarised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dr Iqra Abdullah
- Assistant Professor, PhD in Management (Personality Psychology) Namal Institute Mianwali
| | - Dr Shazia Parveen
- PhD in Management, Designation: Research Scholar Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
| | | | - Danyal Abdullah
- MS Scholar Information Technology University (ITU) Lahore Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lazarides AL, Belay ES, Anastasio AT, Cook CE, Anakwenze OA. Physician burnout and professional satisfaction in orthopedic surgeons during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Work 2021; 69:15-22. [PMID: 33998571 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout and professional satisfaction is an often an overlooked component for healthcare outcomes; the COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented stressor that could contribute to higher levels of burnout. OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to evaluate the association of a battery of fulfillment, job satisfaction change, COVID-19 concerns, and coping measures. Our secondary objective was to determine whether the fulfillment and coping measures differed by gender and by experience levels among a battery of physician specialties. METHODS The study was a purposive sample of convenience. Study participants included all trainees and attending orthopedic surgeons from our academic institution; all participants were invited to complete a survey built around a validated measure of professional fulfillment aimed at assessing response to acute change and stressors. We performed univariate statistics and a matrix correlational analysis to correlate different survey domains with variables of interest. RESULTS The survey was sent electronically to 138 individuals; 63 surveys were completed (response rate = 45.7%). Twenty-seven (42.8%) individuals met the threshold criteria for fulfillment whereas 10 (15.9%) met the threshold for burnout. We found that surgeon perspectives on COVID-19 were not associated with burnout or professional fulfillment. Burnout was inversely associated with professional fulfillment (R = -0.35). Support seeking was noted to be correlated with professional fulfillment (R = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS Stressors related to COVID-19 pandemic were not correlated with physician burnout and fulfillment. This held true even when stratifying by gender and by attending vs. trainee. Continued efforts should be implemented to protect against physician burnout and ensure professional fulfillment for Orthopedic surgeons.
Collapse
|
42
|
Mulugeta T, Tadesse E, Shegute T, Desta TT. COVID-19: socio-economic impacts and challenges in the working group. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07307. [PMID: 34151042 PMCID: PMC8196481 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the lives of the global community, consequently, many parts of people's lives have been jeopardized. Therefore, there is a need to curb the spread of coronavirus. Accordingly, countries are enforcing partial or full-fledged lockdown to restrict all sorts of socialization. However, studies reported that people have despised the ordinances. The study assessed the economic, societal, and psychological impacts of the pandemic and the practice of abiding by curfews by staying and working from home. One hundred thirty-three government, private, and self-employed workers have anonymously and voluntarily completed an online survey. The change in lifestyle associated with the pandemic influenced the working group economically, socially, emotionally, and spiritually. In addition to inflation in the prices of food and commodity, workers have spent unintended costs for the prevention of the COVID-19 such as hand sanitizer and facemask. Furthermore, staying home was unbearable for the majority of the respondents and led to stress, boredom, and confined feelings which forced them to leave their homes to liberate themselves. Nevertheless, flexibility in time management, reduced commuting, and being safe from COVID-19 made the lockdown advantageous for some of the respondents. Telecommuting is influenced by factors such as home suitability to work, availability of supplies, and the behavior of the workers. Home suitability to work and access to vital working facilities varied between government, private, and self-employed individuals. Government employees exceptionally lack appropriate homes and resources to work. Therefore, to minimize the impact of COVID-19 on people's life it is important to make timely adjustments to the enforced orders to make them more productive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Mulugeta
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Elazar Tadesse
- Department of Human Nutrition, Minilik II Health and Medical Science College, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Shegute
- Department of Pharmacy, Minilik II Health and Medical Science College, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Takele Taye Desta
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Camacho A, Correia N, Zaccoletti S, Daniel JR. Anxiety and Social Support as Predictors of Student Academic Motivation During the COVID-19. Front Psychol 2021; 12:644338. [PMID: 34108910 PMCID: PMC8183683 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we examined whether parents’ perceptions of students’ anxiety as well as perceived support from both teachers and classmates were predictive of changes in students’ academic motivation during the first wave of COVID-19. To this end, we used a retrospective pretest-posttest design together with a latent change score model to analyze our data. From April to May of 2020, 394 Portuguese parents of students in grades 1–9 participated in this study. Our results showed that students’ anxiety and teachers’ social support, as perceived by parents, were highly significant predictors of academic motivation changes. Specifically, we found a negative effect of anxiety and a positive effect of teachers’ social support on students’ academic motivation. Our results did not show, however, a significant predictive role of classmates’ social support. This study provides an important contribution to further understand the intrapersonal and interpersonal factors that are associated with the decline of students’ academic motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pivotal role of teachers in sustaining students’ academic motivation and other relevant educational implications for the ongoing pandemic are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Camacho
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nadine Correia
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sonia Zaccoletti
- Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - João R Daniel
- William James Center for Research, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sousa ARD, Alves GV, Queiroz AM, Florêncio RMS, Moreira WC, Nóbrega MDPSDS, Teixeira E, Rezende MF. Men's mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic: is there a mobilization of masculinities? Rev Bras Enferm 2021; 74:e20200915. [PMID: 34037166 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic mobilizes masculinities in relation to mental health. METHODS qualitative study conducted with 400 men, in a virtual environment, in all regions of Brazil. The data were analyzed by the Discourse of the Collective Subject and based on Symbolic Interactionism. RESULTS the mobilization of masculinities emerged from men towards the recognition of weaknesses and psycho-emotional vulnerabilities, with narratives that reveal the expression of feelings, pain, discomfort and psychological suffering, and showed themselves to be sensitive and engaged in performing practices, including autonomous ones, of health care mental. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS the pandemic mobilizes masculinities as men print meanings and senses, in their interaction and interpretation of mental health, and is a marker for the nursing clinic conduct.
Collapse
|
45
|
Tulchin-Francis K, Stevens W, Gu X, Zhang T, Roberts H, Keller J, Dempsey D, Borchard J, Jeans K, VanPelt J. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on physical activity in U.S. children. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:323-332. [PMID: 33657464 PMCID: PMC8167336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is vital to the physical, mental, and social well-being of children. Early restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic included the closure of schools and physical activity (PA) amenities across the US. This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic on the PA and play behavior of U.S. children and to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve their PA. METHODS A cross-sectional, online, parent-reported survey was conducted of children aged 3-18 years between April and June 2020 to assess light PA and MVPA using a modified Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Additional items included family/child socioeconomic demographics, child adaptability to the pandemic, and community access. The survey was shared through social media and snowball sampling distribution. RESULTS Analysis of 1310 surveys indicated child PA scores declined significantly during the pandemic (from 56.6 to 44.6, max 119, p < 0.001). Specifically, MVPA score decreased (from 46.7 to 34.7, max 98, p < 0.001) while light PA remained the same. Age-based changes were seen in the quantity, variety, and intensity of PA, with the lowest pandemic-related impact seen in preschoolers and the highest in high schoolers (-4.7 vs. -17.2, p < 0.001). Community-based peer PA decreased across all age groups. CONCLUSION This study shows decreased PA levels in U.S. children, according to parent reporting, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for community leaders, educators, and parents to improve PA in children are provided. With continued spread of COVID-19, these results and recommendations may be imperative to the physical well-being of U.S. children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Tulchin-Francis
- Division of Movement Science, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA; Department of Health Care Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| | - Wilshaw Stevens
- Division of Movement Science, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Xiangli Gu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Departrment of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, College of Education, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Heather Roberts
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA; Division of Clinical Research, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Jean Keller
- Departrment of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, College of Education, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Dana Dempsey
- Therapeutic Recreation Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Justine Borchard
- Division of Movement Science, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Kelly Jeans
- Division of Movement Science, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Jonathan VanPelt
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Barron Millar E, Singhal D, Vijayaraghavan P, Seshadri S, Smith E, Dixon P, Humble S, Rodgers J, Sharma AN. Health anxiety, coping mechanisms and COVID 19: An Indian community sample at week 1 of lockdown. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250336. [PMID: 33882109 PMCID: PMC8059846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is critical to gain an understanding of the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic and the associated lockdown restrictions on the psychological, social and behavioural functioning of the general public, in order to inform public health promotion and future health service resource allocation. This cross-sectional study, completed during week 1 of lockdown in India, reports on data from 234 participants using an online survey. Data regarding health anxiety, coping mechanisms and locus of control was collected. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the relationship between locus of control, coping mechanisms, health anxiety and age. Age related differences in both locus of control and coping strategies were found. Younger people experienced more health-related anxiety and were more likely to engage with social media as a coping mechanism. Mindfulness-based strategies may reduce health anxiety by increasing tolerance of uncertainty experienced during the COVID 19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Barron Millar
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Shekhar Seshadri
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Eleanor Smith
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Dixon
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Humble
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqui Rodgers
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Narain Sharma
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Spatial and Social Behavior of Single and Coupled Individuals of Both Sexes during COVID-19 Lockdown Regime in Russia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084283. [PMID: 33920747 PMCID: PMC8073311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Testing individual motivations for social activity in violation of the mandated lockdown regime is a challenging research topic for evolutionary psychology. To this purpose, we analyzed twenty popular weekly routes and the potential impact of sex and relationship status (single versus coupled) on the reported level of spatial-social activity during the quarantine in Russia between March and June 2020 (N = 492). Our study revealed a significant difference between men’s and women’s mobility: men, in general, tend to exhibit substantially higher spatial activity. The results have shown that individuals living on their own have more social interactions with friends and exhibit more profound spatial mobility via public transport. On the other hand, spatial activity of coupled individuals of both sexes were mostly devoted to solving a list of economic and matrimonial tasks. At the same time, men already cohabiting with a partner leave their homes for dating purposes more frequently than single men and women. We interpret these findings in the sense that both individual and sex-specific differences in observed sociality could be a result of a fine-tuned adaptive populational response to a contemporary virus threat, predominantly rooted in the evolution of behavioral strategies in the reproductive and economic spheres of each sex. Indeed, unlike women, coupled men have been preserving highly risky and intense social behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
|
48
|
Regmi K, Lwin CM. Factors Associated with the Implementation of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for Reducing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4274. [PMID: 33920613 PMCID: PMC8072790 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There has been much discussion recently about the importance of implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to protect the public from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Different governments across the world have adopted NPIs (e.g., social distancing, quarantine, isolation, lockdowns, curfews, travel restrictions, closures of schools and colleges). Two fundamental strategies, namely a strict containment strategy-also called suppression strategy-and a mitigation strategy have been adopted in different countries, mainly to reduce the reproduction number (R0) to below one and hence to reduce case numbers to low levels or eliminate human-to-human transmission, as well as to use NPIs to interrupt transmission completely and to reduce the health impact of epidemics, respectively. However, the adoption of these NPI strategies is varied and the factors impacting NPI are inconsistent and unclear. This study, therefore, aimed to review the factors associated with the implementation of NPIs (social distancing, social isolation and quarantine) for reducing COVID-19. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched for published and unpublished studies, undertaking a systematic search of: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Allied and Complementary Medicine, COVID-19 Research, WHO database on COVID-19, and Google Scholar. Thirty-three studies were included in the study. Seven descriptive themes emerged on enablers and barriers to NPIs: the positive impact of NPIs, effective public health interventions, positive change in people's behaviour and concerns about COVID-19, the role of mass media, physical and psychological impacts, and ethnicity/age associated with COVID-19. This study has highlighted that the effectiveness of NPIs in isolation is likely to be limited, therefore, a combination of multiple measures e.g., SD, isolation and quarantine, and workplace distancing appeared more effective in reducing COVID-19. Studies suggest that targeted approaches alongside social distancing might be the way forward, and more acceptable. Further research to promote country- and context-specific adoption of NPIs to deliver public health measures is needed. Studies comparing the effectiveness of interventions and strategies will help provide more evidence for future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Regmi
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
- Centre for Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 4BF, UK
| | - Cho Mar Lwin
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Medicine Mandalay, Mandalay 05024, Myanmar;
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pourriyahi H, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Altered immunoemotional regulatory system in COVID-19: From the origins to opportunities. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 356:577578. [PMID: 33933818 PMCID: PMC8050399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the worldwide spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have led to social regulations that caused substantial changes in manners of daily life. The subsequent loneliness and concerns of the pandemic during social distancing, quarantine, and lockdown are psychosocial stressors that negatively affect the immune system. These effects occur through mechanisms controlled by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis that alter immune regulation, namely the conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA), which promotes inflammation and diminishes antiviral responses, leading to inadequate protection against viral disease. Unhealthy eating habits, physical inactivity, sleep disturbances, and mental health consequences of COVID-19 add on to the pathological effects of loneliness, making immunity against this ferocious virus an even tougher fight. Therefore, social isolation, with its unintended consequences, has inherently paradoxical effects on immunity in relation to viral disease. Though this paradox can present a challenge, its acknowledgment can serve as an opportunity to address the associated issues and find ways to mitigate the adverse effects. In this review, we aim to explore, in detail, the pathological effects of the new social norms on immunity and present suggested methods to improve our physical, psychological, and healthcare abilities to fight viral infection in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Homa Pourriyahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; MetaCognition Interest Group (MCIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lestari R, Setyawan FEB. Mental health policy: protecting community mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Public Health Res 2021; 10:2231. [PMID: 33855426 PMCID: PMC8129770 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in the treatment and management of COVID-19, communities still end up experiencing multiple stresses with mental health crisis, due to the pandemic. When this is not addressed, it causes stress in the long run, with further mental health damage in individuals and the communities. Furthermore, relevant policy related to the community mental health was identified as awareness in promoting mental issues, yet there are still failures recorded in the aspect of adequately addressing the well-being concerns. This study aims to support community mental health during the crisis, through useful information from relevant articles. It also explains some perspectives from literature reviews, case reports, with society responses from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Proquest databases concerning recent community mental health issues, and government policy on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The inclusion criteria required articles that were peer-reviewed, by using i) English language March-September 2020; ii) Presented empirical studies related to COVID-19 (quantitative and qualitative); iii) Searched terms related to the general and community mental health, their policy, and COVID-19 pandemic. This study showed 19 articles related to community mental health issues or psychological wellbeing topics. The interventions provided to strengthen community mental health during the pandemic included emergency psychological crisis treatment, hotline assistance, online counseling service with mental care course, and outpatient consultation. Therefore, community mental health issues should be addressed with physical wellness. In addition, the community plays a key role in influencing stakeholders and governments, to increase the priority in supporting mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Retno Lestari
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
| | | |
Collapse
|