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Li K, Yan N. Body mass index, internalizing behavior and executive function: examining trait-state effects from age 2 to 15. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-023-02349-8. [PMID: 38170284 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the reciprocal relation between body mass index and internalizing behavior from age 2 to 15, and also the predictive role of executive function. This study included a subset sample of 640 children (47% were male) from the National Institute of Child Health and Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. A refined random-intercept cross-lagged model was employed to analyze: (1) the reciprocal relation between children's body mass index and internalizing behavior assessed in eight waves from age 2 to 15; (2) the predictive role of executive functioning in both children's body mass index and internalizing behavior. Trait-level body mass index-to-internalizing behavior association was not found; a significant state-level prediction from body mass index in 5th grade to internalizing behavior in 6th grade was found. Executive function was significantly associated with trait-level body mass index, trait-level internalizing behaviors, and state-level internalizing behaviors. The findings suggest that deficits in children's executive functioning may be a shared risk associated with both high body mass index and internalizing behaviors. From an intervention perspective, this study highlighted the importance of targeting executive function to intervene in children's obesity or internalizing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keman Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Str., Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ni Yan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Str., Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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2
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Beynon C. Association between children living with obesity and Mental Health problems: a data analysis of the Welsh Health Survey, UK. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:383. [PMID: 36823604 PMCID: PMC9947886 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and mental health problems in children are both significant and growing public health issues. There is mixed evidence on the relationship between obesity and mental health in children. This study examines the association between obesity and mental health problems in a nationally representative sample of children using the Welsh Health Survey for Children (n = 11,279 aged 4-15 years). METHODS The Chi-square test assessed the difference in the proportion of children reporting abnormal mental health scores (strengths and difficulties score ≥ 20) in children living with obesity (≥ 95 centile for age and sex). Then, a multivarible logistic regression was used to assess any association after accounting for confounding variables. RESULTS There were 1,582 children living with obesity in the study (19.6%). The Chi-square test indicated a significant difference in the proportion of children with abnormal mental health scores in children living with obesity (p = 0.001). This study found a very small but significant positive association between mental health and childhood obesity after accounting for confounding variables, Odds Ratio 1.02 (95%CI: 1.01 to 1.02, p = 0.001). However, socio-economic status was more of a driver. CONCLUSION The findings of this study show a very small but significant association between childhood obesity and mental health problems. The multivariable logistic regression indicates that the focus must remain on reducing health inequalities as this is a more important driver of child health and well-being. However, as a precautionary measure it may be worth considering if children living with obesity who present for weight-management services may benefit from a review of their mental health status to identify if further support is needed, if capacity allows, and this can be done in a supportive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beynon
- Public Health Wales, Capital Quarter 2, Tyndall Street, CF10 4BZ, Cardiff, UK.
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3
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Beynon C. Living with obesity is related to peer problems in children: A national cross-sectional study. J Paediatr Child Health 2023; 59:631-636. [PMID: 36789468 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association between obesity and problems in peer relations in children (4-15 years) in a large (n = 11 279), nationally representative data set. METHODS The chi-square test was used to compare differences in numbers of children with and without obesity and with and without abnormal peer problem scores. Then multivariable logistic regression was used to determine any association between obesity and peer problems after accounting for deprivation and life-style factors. RESULTS The results of the chi-square test were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for all groups except older girls. The multivariable logistic regression identified a small but significant association between children living with obesity and abnormal peer problems, odds ratio (OR) 1.06 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.04-1.08, P = 0.001). When explored by subsets of children using sex and age, this association was strongest for girls aged 4-10 years, OR 1.12 (95% CI: 1.07-1.16, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION This is the first nationally representative study of children to identify this association in younger children. Whilst further research is needed to corroborate this finding, as a precautionary measure solutions to improve peer relationships and reduce stigma for school-aged children living with obesity are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beynon
- Public Health Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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4
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Nujić D, Musić Milanović S, Milas V, Miškulin I, Ivić V, Milas J. Association between child/adolescent overweight/obesity and conduct disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12742. [PMID: 33348469 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research findings of the association and its pattern between obesity and psychiatric/psychological comorbidities are not consistent across the types of comorbidities or the study subgroups. OBJECTIVES We aimed to perform meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies analysing obesity as a risk factor for conduct disorder in order to assess the association between child/adolescent overweight/obesity and conduct disorder. METHODS Systematic literature search, study selection and data extraction were performed independently by the two authors. Data were analysed by Comprehensive Meta-analysis software. RESULTS Analysis of 13 high-quality cross-sectional studies including 79 027 children and adolescents indicated a significant association between overweight/obesity and conduct disorder among children and adolescents (OR 1.32 [95% CI, 1.18-1.49], I2 = 86.68), with no publication bias. Subgroup analyses yielded a significant difference (P < .01) between boys and girls. Analysis of four low- to moderate-quality longitudinal studies (OR 1.11 [95% CI, 0.89-1.38], I2 = 57.69) showed no prospective association between overweight/obesity and conduct disorder. Subgroup analysis according to gender revealed a significant positive association for boys and negative association for girls. CONCLUSIONS Based on the high-quality cross-sectional data, overweight and obesity are associated with conduct disorder among children and adolescents, affecting boys more frequently than girls. Results of the longitudinal analysis indicated possible association in boys, while girls seem to be protected from conduct disorder. However, these results are very unreliable, indicating the need of well-designed longitudinal studies to elucidate the pattern of association between these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Nujić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Musić Milanović
- Division for Health Promotion, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Milas
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Pediatrics, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivan Miškulin
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Ivić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josip Milas
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health of Osijek-Baranja County, Osijek, Croatia
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Kunaratnam K, Halaki M, Wen LM, Baur LA, Flood VM. Tracking Preschoolers' Lifestyle Behaviors and Testing Maternal Sociodemographics and BMI in Predicting Child Obesity Risk. J Nutr 2020; 150:3068-3074. [PMID: 33096560 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal data investigating tracking of children's lifestyle behaviors and predictors of childhood obesity are limited. OBJECTIVES We examined changes in children's lifestyle behaviors (dietary, physical activity, and screen time) from ages 2-5 y to determine if maternal sociodemographic factors and BMI predict child obesity at 3.5 y and 5 y. METHODS Data were obtained from 667 first-time mothers who were recruited into the Healthy Beginnings Trial at 24-34 weeks of gestation in Sydney, Australia. Child lifestyle behaviors were assessed using face-to-face questionnaire interviews with mothers. To measure child and maternal anthropometry, BMI (in kg/m2) was calculated using measured height and weight. Children were categorized as overweight or obese based on the International Obesity Task Force criteria. We used 1-factor repeated-measures ANOVA to track preschoolers' lifestyle behaviors and multiple logistic regression to determine obesity predictors. RESULTS In children aged 2-5 y, consumption of vegetables (ηp2 = 0.06; P < 0.005) and milk (ηp2 = 0.02; P < 0.001) decreased, whereas physical activity (ηp2 = 0.07; P < 0.001) increased. Discretionary foods (sweet snacks, fast foods, salty snacks, processed meats, confectionary) (ηp2 = 0.03-0.25; P ≤ 0.01) and screen time (ηp2 = 0.39; P < 0.001) increased. Maternal BMI (in kg/m2) (Exp β: 1.06; 95% CI:1.01, 1.12 ; P=0.02), marital status (married/de facto compared with single) (Exp β: 0.06; 95% CI:0.01, 0.26; P < 0.001), and child BMI at 2 y (Exp β: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.46, 2.27; P < 0.001) predicted overweight/obesity at 3.5 y. Child BMI at 3.5 y (Exp β: 3.51; 95% CI: 2.50, 4.93; P < 0.001) predicted obesity at 5 y. CONCLUSIONS Poor dietary and lifestyle behaviours track in early childhood, with maternal single-parent status and high maternal and child BMI at 2 y predicting earlier obesity onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanita Kunaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Halaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li M Wen
- Health Promotion Service, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria M Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Martoccio TL, Senehi N, Brophy-Herb HE, Miller AL, Horodynski MA, Kaciroti N, Contreras D, Peterson KE, Lumeng JC. Cross-lagged associations between behaviour problems and obesity in head start preschoolers. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12627. [PMID: 32103623 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behaviour problems and obesity are related but research findings have been inconclusive regarding the direction of effects. OBJECTIVES This study examined the cross-lagged associations between behaviour problems, body mass index (BMI) and obesity in preschoolers, and whether sex modified these associations. METHODS Repeated measures of teacher-reported externalizing (EXT) and internalizing behaviour problems (clinically significant T scores were >90th percentile), BMI z-scores (BMI-Z) and obesity status (BMI ≥95th for age and sex) were assessed in the fall (T1) and spring (T2) of the school year in Head Start preschoolers (N = 423). Associations were examined with cross-lagged modelling. RESULTS Prospective paths from T1 clinically significant EXT to both T2 BMI-Z (β = .05) and obesity (β = .18) were significant. There was no evidence that T1 BMI-Z or obesity preceded T2 behaviour problems. However, sex-specific models indicated that T1 BMI-Z was prospectively associated with higher T2 EXT for boys (β = .13), but not girls. T1 EXT was predictive of subsequent BMI-Z (β = .09) and obesity (β = .33) at T2 for girls only. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that behaviour problems, particularly externalizing behaviours, are prospectively related to childhood obesity, and early prevention methods should reflect sex-specific modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Martoccio
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - Neda Senehi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Holly E Brophy-Herb
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Alison L Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mildred A Horodynski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dawn Contreras
- Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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7
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Christensen KG, Nielsen SG, Olsen NJ, Dalgård C, Heitmann BL, Larsen SC. Child behaviour and subsequent changes in body weight, composition and shape. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226003. [PMID: 31856169 PMCID: PMC6922444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Studies have found an association between child behavioural problems and overweight, but the existing evidence for this relationship is inconsistent, and results from longitudinal studies are sparse. Thus, we examined the association between behavioural problems and subsequent changes in body mass index (BMI) and anthropometry over a follow-up period of 1.3 years among children aged 2–6 years. Design The study was based on a total of 345 children from The Healthy Start Study; all children were healthy weight but predisposed to develop overweight. The Danish version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), classified as SDQ Total Difficulties (SDQ-TD) and SDQ Prosocial Behaviour (SDQ-PSB), was used to assess child behaviour. Linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between SDQ scores and subsequent change in BMI z-score, body fat percentage, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio, while taking possible confounding factors into account. Results We found an association between SDQ-PSB and subsequent change in BMI z-score (β: 0.040 [95% CI: 0.010; 0.071, p = 0.009]). However, there was no evidence of an association between SDQ-PSB and measures of body composition or body shape. Conclusions Among 2 to 6 years old children predisposed to overweight, the association between SDQ-scores and weight gain is either absent or marginal. The SDQ-PSB score may be associated with subsequent increases in BMI z-score, but this association does not seem driven by an increased relative fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine G. Christensen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidse G. Nielsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna J. Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute and Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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A 9-year longitudinal study on trajectories of aggressive and depressive symptoms in male and female children with overweight. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:710. [PMID: 31666127 PMCID: PMC6820918 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this four waves 9-year longitudinal study was to examine aggressive/depressive symptoms trajectories in a sample of N = 90 children with overweight and a matched group of children with normal weight (subjects balanced by sex and sociodemographic characteristics). Weight and height were measured by pediatricians to calculate body mass index (BMI). Aggressive/depressive symptoms were measured through the Child Behavior Check-List filled out by children's parents. Multilevel modeling was used to obtain the best fitting curves describing the change over time in aggression and depression scores. These analyses were performed by sex and group. RESULTS Children with overweight showed a general increase of aggressive symptoms over time, with a peak at 8 years of age in males, whereas scores of the control group decreased over time both in males and in females. Female children with overweight showed increasing levels of depressive symptoms, with a peak at 8 years of age; children with normal weight, instead, showed low scores at all assessment points. The results highlight the importance of considering the developmental trajectories of aggression and depression in children of different weight status.
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9
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Breton E, Gagné-Ouellet V, Thibeault K, Guérin R, Van Lieshout R, Perron P, Hivert M, Bouchard L. Placental NEGR1 DNA methylation is associated with BMI and neurodevelopment in preschool-age children. Epigenetics 2019; 15:323-335. [PMID: 31510847 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1666653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have linked maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and hyperglycaemia with metabolic and neurodevelopmental complications in childhood. DNA methylation (DNAm) might enable foetal adaptations to environmental adversities through important gene loci. NEGR1 is involved in both energy balance and behaviour regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between placental DNAm at the NEGR1 gene locus and childhood anthropometric and neurodevelopmental profiles in preschoolers. We analysed 276 mother-child dyads from Gen3G, a prospective birth cohort from Sherbrooke. At 3yo (40.4 ± 3.0 months), we measured body mass index (BMI) and the mothers reported on offspring neurobehavior using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). We quantified DNAm levels at 30 CpGs at the NEGR1 locus using the MethylationEPIC Array in placental biopsies. DNAm at four CpGs located before NEGR1 second exon predicted child's BMI z-score (cg26153364: β=-0.16 ± 0.04; p=0.008, cg23166710: β=0.14 ± 0.08; p=0.03) and SDQ total score (cg04932878: β=0.22 ± 1.0; p= 3.0x10-4, cg16525738: β=-0.14 ± 0.18; p=0.01, cg23166710: β=-0.13 ± 0.36; p= 0.04), explaining 4.2% (p=0.003) and 7.3% (p= 1.3 x 10-4) of BMI-z and SDQ variances. cg23166710 was associated with both childhood phenotypes and correlated with NEGR1 placental expression (r=-0.22, p=0.04), suggesting its possible functional role. Together, maternal metabolic characteristics during pregnancy with NEGR1 DNAm levels explained 7.4% (p=4.2 x 10-4) of BMI-z and 14.2% (p=2.8 x 10-7) of SDQ variance at 3yo. This longitudinal study suggests that placental NEGR1 DNAm is associated with adiposity and neurodevelopment in preschool children and highlights its potential role in their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Breton
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - V Gagné-Ouellet
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - K Thibeault
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - R Guérin
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Medical Biology, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean - Hôpital de Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Rj Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Perron
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mf Hivert
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Medical Biology, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean - Hôpital de Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
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10
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Derks IPM, Bolhuis K, Yalcin Z, Gaillard R, Hillegers MHJ, Larsson H, Lundström S, Lichtenstein P, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Bartels M, Boomsma DI, Tiemeier H, Jansen PW. Testing Bidirectional Associations Between Childhood Aggression and BMI: Results from Three Cohorts. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:822-829. [PMID: 30957987 PMCID: PMC6594099 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the prospective, potentially bidirectional association of aggressive behavior with BMI and body composition across childhood in three population-based cohorts. METHODS Repeated measures of aggression and BMI were available from the Generation R Study between ages 6 and 10 years (N = 3,974), the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) between ages 7 and 10 years (N = 10,328), and the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development (TCHAD) between ages 9 and 14 years (N = 1,462). In all samples, aggression was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. Fat mass and fat-free mass were available in the Generation R Study. Associations were examined with cross-lagged modeling. RESULTS Aggressive behavior at baseline was associated with higher BMI at follow-up in the Generation R Study (β = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.04), in NTR (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.06), and in TCHAD (β = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.07). Aggressive behavior was prospectively associated with higher fat mass (β = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.05) but not fat-free mass. There was no evidence that BMI or body composition preceded aggressive behavior. CONCLUSIONS More aggressive behavior was prospectively associated with higher BMI and fat mass. This suggests that aggression contributes to the obesity problem, and future research should study whether these behavioral pathways to childhood obesity are modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne P. M. Derks
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Generation R Study GroupErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Koen Bolhuis
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Generation R Study GroupErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Zeynep Yalcin
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Romy Gaillard
- Department of PediatricsErasmus Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Manon H. J. Hillegers
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryRudolf Magnus Brain Center, Utrecht University Medical CenterUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Center for Ethics, Law and Mental HealthUniversity of GothenborgGothenborgSweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | | | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversityAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversityAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Pauline W. Jansen
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child StudiesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
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11
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Khan S, Down J, Aouira N, Bor W, Haywood A, Littlewood R, Heussler H, McDermott B. Current pharmacotherapy options for conduct disorders in adolescents and children. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:571-583. [PMID: 30702354 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1561862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conduct disorder (CD) is a common mental health disorder of childhood and adolescence. CD's complexity, with its heterogenous clinical manifestations and overlapping comorbidities makes the application of evidence-based management approaches challenging. This article aims to combine a systematic review of the available literature, with a consensus opinion from both child and adolescent psychiatrists and developmental pediatricians on the clinical and pharmacological management of children and adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). AREAS COVERED The authors review the CD population and provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapies using preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) and strength of evidence recommendation taxonomy (SORT) guidelines. The authors then provide an expert clinical opinion for the use of different pharmacotherapies to address aggressive and disruptive behavior in children. EXPERT OPINION Atypical antipsychotics (e.g. risperidone) demonstrate evidence for efficacy in CD. Other pharmacotherapies (e.g. mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants, psychostimulants and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) have a low level of evidence for CD alone, however, can sometimes be effective in managing the symptoms of CD when other psychiatric disorders are also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohil Khan
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Quality Use of Medicines Network, Menzies Health Institute , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,b Mater Research Institute , The University of Queensland , South Brisbane , Australia.,c Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - John Down
- d Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service , Lady Cilento Children's Hospital , South Brisbane , Australia
| | - Nisreen Aouira
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Quality Use of Medicines Network, Menzies Health Institute , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
| | - William Bor
- b Mater Research Institute , The University of Queensland , South Brisbane , Australia.,e Child and Youth Mental Health Service , Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service , South Brisbane , Australia.,f Centre for Children's Health Research , Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services , South Brisbane , Australia
| | - Alison Haywood
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Quality Use of Medicines Network, Menzies Health Institute , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,b Mater Research Institute , The University of Queensland , South Brisbane , Australia
| | - Robyn Littlewood
- e Child and Youth Mental Health Service , Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service , South Brisbane , Australia.,f Centre for Children's Health Research , Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services , South Brisbane , Australia.,g School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences , The University of Queensland , South Brisbane , Australia
| | - Helen Heussler
- b Mater Research Institute , The University of Queensland , South Brisbane , Australia.,d Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service , Lady Cilento Children's Hospital , South Brisbane , Australia.,f Centre for Children's Health Research , Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services , South Brisbane , Australia
| | - Brett McDermott
- h Townsville Clinical School, College of Medicine and Dentistry , James Cook University , Townsville , Australia
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12
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Pollatos O, Georgiou E, Kobel S, Schreiber A, Dreyhaupt J, Steinacker JM. Trait-Based Emotional Intelligence, Body Image Dissatisfaction, and HRQoL in Children. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:973. [PMID: 32038322 PMCID: PMC6990369 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image dissatisfaction (BID) is related to an increased risk for various health issues including descreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL), the development of problematic eating behaviors and obesity. Previous research indicates that emotional intelligence is one important factor related to BID in adults. Whether this is the case in children, remains yet unknown. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between BID and trait-based emotion intelligence (TEI) as well as HRQoL in female and male primary school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS TEI and BID were assessed via self-reports as well as HRQoL via parental reports in a large sample of 991 primary school children (429 girls) within the "Baden Württemberg Study", which evaluated the effectiveness of the health prevention programm "Join the Healthy Boat" in Southwestern Germany. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated the interrelation between higher levels of TEI and lower levels of BID among girls and boys. Positive associations were found between better HRQoL, better intrapersonal and stress management abilites (subscales of TEI) and lower BID, as reflected by parental and self-reports. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal an interconnectivity between TEI, BID, and better HRQoL in female and male primary school children. Although the observed correlations were rather small, they nervertheless support the idea that TEI consists a key-factor for the self-regulation of health-related behavior. Prevention programs could benefit from including processes, that sough to improve aspects of emotional intelligence such as intrapersonal, interpersonal abilities, and adaptability, as an effort of preventing problematic habits or lifestyles that could lead to disordered eating behaviors as well as to obesity in middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pollatos
- Clinical & Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eleana Georgiou
- Clinical & Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Kobel
- Division Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Group "Join the Healthy Boat-Primary School", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Schreiber
- Division Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Group "Join the Healthy Boat-Primary School", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Dreyhaupt
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Steinacker
- Division Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Group "Join the Healthy Boat-Primary School", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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13
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Overweight and obesity in preschool aged children and risk of mental health service utilization. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:1325-1333. [PMID: 30546134 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if overweight or obesity in preschool-age children is associated with mental health service utilization in later childhood. SUBJECTS Overall, 10,522 children 2 to <5 years, with no previous history of mental health service utilization, were identified from primary care electronic medical records (EMRs) across Ontario, Canada. METHODS This was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Height and weight data were extracted and body mass index z-scores (zBMI) were calculated using the World Health Organization Growth Standards. Mental health service utilization, between ages 5 and <19, was defined using administrative billing codes for mental health outpatient visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was performed. RESULTS In total, 74.9% of children were healthy weight (zBMI between -2 and ≤1), 18.8% of children were at risk of overweight (zBMI between 1 and ≤2), 4.9% were overweight (zBMI > 2 and ≤3), and 1.5% had obesity (zBMI > 3). The median follow-up time was 2.2 years (IQR 1.0-4.2). The overall incidence rate of mental health service use was 44.5 events per 1000 person-years. The hazard ratio for girls with obesity was 2.73 (95% CI 1.62-4.60; p < 0.001) compared to girls with healthy weight. Compared to boys with healthy weight, boys 'at risk of overweight' and overweight were 1.22 (95% CI 1.03-1.44; p = 0.02) and 1.43 (95% CI 1.09-1.87; p = 0.01) times at higher risk of an incident mental health visit. CONCLUSION Our study shows an association between weight status in preschool school aged children and higher incidence of mental health service use in later childhood. This relationship was strongest in girls. Future research is needed to understand this relationship by mental health diagnosis, sex, and age.
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14
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Ikävalko T, Lehto S, Lintu N, Väistö J, Eloranta AM, Haapala EA, Vierola A, Myllykangas R, Tuomilehto H, Brage S, Pahkala R, Närhi M, Lakka TA. Health-related correlates of psychological well-being among girls and boys 6-8 years of age: The Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:506-509. [PMID: 29614202 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Due to limited knowledge on the differences in the correlates of psychological well-being (PSWB) between girls and boys, we compared the correlates of PSWB between primary school girls and boys. METHODS A population sample of 412 children participated in the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study. Parents completed a questionnaire that included 19 questions on the components of PSWB, and a PSWB score was computed. We assessed correlates of PSWB, including physical activity, sedentary behaviour, cardiorespiratory fitness, diet quality, body fat content, sleep duration, sleep disordered breathing, prevalent diseases and parental characteristics. We used logistic regression to analyse the risk of being in the lowest third of the PSWB scores. RESULTS Low parental education was associated with increased risk (odds ratio (OR) 2.34, P = 0.039) and high cardiorespiratory fitness with decreased risk (OR 0.26, P = 0.006) of poor PSWB in girls. At least 2 h of screen-based sedentary behaviour per day (OR 1.93, P = 0.037), daily parental smoking (OR 2.10, P = 0.034) and sleep disordered breathing (OR 4.24, P = 0.003) were related to increased risk of poor PSWB in boys. CONCLUSIONS There are large differences in the correlates of PSWB between girls and boys. Most of these correlates are modifiable and related to the health behaviour of children and their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Ikävalko
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soili Lehto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anu Vierola
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Riitta Myllykangas
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Tuomilehto
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,Oivauni Sleep Clinic, Finland
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Riitta Pahkala
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Närhi
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.,Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Finland
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15
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Cerniglia L, Cimino S, Erriu M, Jezek S, Almenara CA, Tambelli R. Trajectories of aggressive and depressive symptoms in male and female overweight children: Do they share a common path or do they follow different routes? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190731. [PMID: 29304081 PMCID: PMC5755891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood overweight is a major social and public health issue, and primary assessment should focus on early and middle childhood, because weight gain in these phases constitutes a strong predictor of subsequent negative outcomes. Studies on community samples have shown that growth curves may follow linear or non-linear trajectories from early to middle childhood, and can differ based on sex. Overweight children may exhibit a combination of physiological and psychosocial issues, and several studies have demonstrated an association between overweight and internalizing/externalizing behavior. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of longitudinal studies on depressive and aggressive symptoms in children with high BMI. This study adopted a growth curve modeling over three phases to: (1) describe BMI trajectories in two groups of children aged 2–8 (overweight and normal weight) from a community sample; (2) describe the developmental trajectories of children’s aggressive and depressive symptoms from 2 to 8 years of age. Results indicate higher BMI in 2-year-old girls, with males catching up with them by age 8. While overweight females’ BMIs were consistently high, males’ increased at 5 and 8 years. The mean scores for aggressive symptoms at T1 (2 years of age) were the same in all subjects, but a significant deviation occurred from T1 to T2 in both samples, in divergent directions. With regards to children’s depressive symptoms, the two groups had different starting points, with normal weight children scoring lower than overweight youths. Overweight females showed lower depressive scores than overweight males at T1, but they surpassed boys before T2, and showed more maladaptive symptoms at T3. This study solicits professionals working in pediatric settings to consider overweight children’s psychopathological risk, and to be aware that even when children’s BMI does not increase from 2 to 8 years, their psychopathological symptoms may grow in intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cerniglia
- International Telematic University Uninettuno, Psychology Faculty, Department of Psychology, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Silvia Cimino
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Psychology and Medicine Faculty, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Erriu
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Psychology and Medicine Faculty, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Rome, Italy
| | - Stanislav Jezek
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos A. Almenara
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Faculty of Psychology, Chorrillos, Lima, Perú
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Psychology and Medicine Faculty, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Rome, Italy
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16
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Quek YH, Tam WWS, Zhang MWB, Ho RCM. Exploring the association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2017; 18:742-754. [PMID: 28401646 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression. We systematically searched PubMed, PsycInfo, EMBASE and Science Direct for studies that compared prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in normal weight and obese children and adolescents. Observational studies were included if they reported body mass index and assessed depression by validated instruments or diagnostic interviews. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We used the random-effect model to calculate the pooled odds ratios, standard mean differences (SMDs) and subgroup analysis. Findings for a total of 51,272 participants were pooled across 18 studies and examined. Our analyses demonstrated a positive association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression (pooled odds ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-1.64, p = 0.005) and more severe depressive symptoms (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.025-0.44, p = 0.028) in the obese groups. Overweight subjects were not more likely to have either depression (pooled odds ratio = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.93-1.44, p = 0.19) or depressive symptoms (SMD = 0, 95% CI: -0.101 to 0.102, p = 0.997). Non-Western and female obese subjects were significantly more likely to have depression and severe depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). In conclusion, obese children and adolescents are more likely to suffer from depression and depressive symptoms, with women and non-Western people at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Quek
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wilson W S Tam
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvyn W B Zhang
- Biomedical Global Institute of Healthcare Research & Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Mallan KM, Daniels LA, Nicholson JM. Obesogenic eating behaviors mediate the relationships between psychological problems and BMI in children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:928-934. [PMID: 28371313 PMCID: PMC5427629 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between psychological problems and weight status in children aged 3.5 to 4 years and test whether obesogenic eating behaviors mediate this relationship. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from first-time mothers (N = 194) in the control arm of the NOURISH randomized controlled trial. At child age 3.5 to 4 years, maternal-reported child eating behaviors and psychological problems were collected via valid tools, and child weight and height data were collected by trained study staff. Pearson's correlations and linear regressions examined associations between eating behaviors, psychological problems, and BMI z score. Multiple mediation models were tested by assessing indirect effects of psychological problems on BMI z score via obesogenic eating behaviors. RESULTS Peer problems were associated with both higher food responsiveness and emotional overeating and directly with higher BMI z score. This relationship was partially mediated by emotional overeating. Both emotional overeating and food responsiveness fully mediated the association between emotional problems and BMI z score, and food responsiveness fully mediated the association between conduct problems and BMI z score. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that children with psychological problems may also display obesogenic eating behaviors, which may result in higher BMI. This needs to be considered in the clinical management of both pediatric overweight/obesity and psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley M. Mallan
- School of Psychology Australian Catholic UniversityBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Lynne A. Daniels
- School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Jan M. Nicholson
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- School of Early ChildhoodQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
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18
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Tso MK, Rowland B, Toumbourou JW, Guadagno BL. Overweight or obesity associations with physical aggression in children and adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025417690265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Being overweight or obese (overweight/obesity) or physically aggressive in childhood and adolescence can have lifelong consequences, hence are important public health problems. Identifying a relationship between these problems would assist in understanding their developmental origins. The present paper sought to review previous studies and use meta-analysis to evaluate whether there is evidence of a relationship between overweight/obesity and physical aggression in children and adolescents. A systematic search of studies that reported the effect of overweight/obesity (in the form of body mass index) on physical aggression was conducted. A total of 23 studies were identified, representing data from 255,377 participants. The results indicate that children and adolescents who are overweight or obese are more physically aggressive than their normal-weight or underweight peers. The average weighted standardized mean difference (the effect size) for aggression in overweight and obese children and adolescents compared to others was found to be 0.27 (95% confidence interval [CI95]: .17–.37), and was significant ( p<.001). Gender sub-analysis indicated that higher physical aggression amongst overweight or obese compared to normal-weight or underweight peers is a slightly larger effect for boys (standardized mean difference of .35, CI95: .18–.52, p<.001) than girls (standardized mean difference of .24, CI95: .07–.42, p<.01). High levels of heterogeneity (94.41%) were found between study-level effect sizes. The developmental processes that may explain the association between overweight/obesity and physical aggression in children and adolescents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bosco Rowland
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Rankin J, Matthews L, Cobley S, Han A, Sanders R, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS. Psychological consequences of childhood obesity: psychiatric comorbidity and prevention. Adolesc Health Med Ther 2016; 7:125-146. [PMID: 27881930 PMCID: PMC5115694 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century with far-reaching and enduring adverse consequences for health outcomes. Over 42 million children <5 years worldwide are estimated to be overweight (OW) or obese (OB), and if current trends continue, then an estimated 70 million children will be OW or OB by 2025. The purpose of this review was to focus on psychiatric, psychological, and psychosocial consequences of childhood obesity (OBy) to include a broad range of international studies. The aim was to establish what has recently changed in relation to the common psychological consequences associated with childhood OBy. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for articles presenting information on the identification or prevention of psychiatric morbidity in childhood obesity. Relevant data were extracted and narratively reviewed. Findings established childhood OW/OBy was negatively associated with psychological comorbidities, such as depression, poorer perceived lower scores on health-related quality of life, emotional and behavioral disorders, and self-esteem during childhood. Evidence related to the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and OBy remains unconvincing because of various findings from studies. OW children were more likely to experience multiple associated psychosocial problems than their healthy-weight peers, which may be adversely influenced by OBy stigma, teasing, and bullying. OBy stigma, teasing, and bullying are pervasive and can have serious consequences for emotional and physical health and performance. It remains unclear as to whether psychiatric disorders and psychological problems are a cause or a consequence of childhood obesity or whether common factors promote both obesity and psychiatric disturbances in susceptible children and adolescents. A cohesive and strategic approach to tackle this current obesity epidemic is necessary to combat this increasing trend which is compromising the health and well-being of the young generation and seriously impinging on resources and economic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Rankin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley
| | - Lynsay Matthews
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Stephen Cobley
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ahreum Han
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ross Sanders
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Huw D Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport/Ysgol Chwaraeon Caerdydd, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Julien S Baker
- School of Science and Sport, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, Scotland
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20
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The association between overweight and internalizing and externalizing behavior in early childhood. Soc Sci Med 2016; 168:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Kagawa RMC, Fernald LCH, Behrman JR. Weight Status and Behavioral Problems among Very Young Children in Chile. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161380. [PMID: 27583678 PMCID: PMC5008787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Our objective was to explore the association between weight status and behavioral problems in children before school age. We examined whether the association between weight status and behavioral problems varied by age and sex. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study used cross-sectional data from a nationally-representative sample of children and their families in Chile (N = 11,207). These children were selected using a cluster-stratified random sampling strategy. Data collection for this study took place in 2012 when the children were 1.5-6 years of age. We used multivariable analyses to examine the association between weight status and behavioral problems (assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist), while controlling for child's sex, indigenous status, birth weight, and months breastfed; primary caregiver's BMI and education level; and household wealth. RESULTS Approximately 24% of our sample was overweight or obese. Overweight or obese girls showed more behavioral problems than normal weight girls at age 6 (β = 0.270 SD, 95% CI = 0.047, 0.493, P = 0.018). Among boys age 1 to 5 years, overweight/obesity was associated with a small reduction in internalizing behaviors (β = -0.09 SD, 95% CI = -0.163, -0.006, P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the associations between weight status and behavioral problems vary across age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M. C. Kagawa
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Lia C. H. Fernald
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Jere R. Behrman
- Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Harrison S, Rowlinson M, Hill AJ. "No fat friend of mine": Young children's responses to overweight and disability. Body Image 2016; 18:65-73. [PMID: 27322671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two studies investigated 4- to 6-year-old children's weight bias. In Study 1, 126 children read illustrated books where a main character ('Alfie') was healthy weight, in a wheelchair, or overweight. In Study 2, 150 children read the same stories where the character was female ('Alfina'), or stories where her friends were fat. Children rated 'Alfie'/'Alfina' and a comparison character on nine attributes/behaviours, and chose one that best represented each attribute. Fat and wheelchair 'Alfie'/'Alfina' were rated less likely to win a race, and fat 'Alfie'/'Alfina' as having fewer friends. When forced to choose between characters, fat 'Alfie'/'Alfina' was rejected on most constructs. Children's gender, self-perceived shape, and character's friends' size had no effect on judgements. These findings show children's preferences away from fatness rather than outright rejection, and mostly clearly in friendship choices. Understanding young children's weight bias is important given their increasing involvement in obesity surveillance, prevention, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Harrison
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Madaleine Rowlinson
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrew J Hill
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Pearce A, Scalzi D, Lynch J, Smithers LG. Do thin, overweight and obese children have poorer development than their healthy-weight peers at the start of school? Findings from a South Australian data linkage study. EARLY CHILDHOOD RESEARCH QUARTERLY 2016; 35:85-94. [PMID: 27158187 PMCID: PMC4850238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the holistic development of children who are not healthy-weight when they start school, despite one fifth of preschool-aged children in high income countries being overweight or obese. Further to this, there is a paucity of research examining low body mass index (BMI) in contemporary high-income populations, although evidence from the developing world demonstrates a range of negative consequences in childhood and beyond. We investigated the development of 4-6 year old children who were thin, healthy-weight, overweight, or obese (as defined by BMI z-scores) across the five domains of the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC): Physical Health and Wellbeing, Social Competence, Emotional Maturity, Language and Cognitive Skills, and Communication Skills and General Knowledge. We used a linked dataset of South Australian routinely collected data, which included the AEDC, school enrollment data, and perinatal records (n = 7533). We found that the risk of developmental vulnerability among children who were thin did not differ from healthy-weight children, after adjusting for a range of perinatal and socio-economic characteristics. On the whole, overweight children also had similar outcomes as their healthy-weight peers, though they may have better Language and Cognitive skills (adjusted Risk Ratio [aRR] = 0.73 [95% CI 0.50-1.05]). Obese children were more likely to be vulnerable on the Physical Health and Wellbeing (2.20 [1.69, 2.87]) and Social Competence (1.31 [0.94, 1.83]) domains, and to be vulnerable on one or more domains (1.45 [1.18, 1.78]). We conclude that children who are obese in the first year of school may already be exhibiting some developmental vulnerabilities (relative to their healthy-weight peers), lending further support for strategies to promote healthy development of preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pearce
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Mail drop DX 650550, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Scalzi
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Mail drop DX 650550, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - John Lynch
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Mail drop DX 650550, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, BS82BM, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa G. Smithers
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Mail drop DX 650550, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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Skogheim TS, Vollrath ME. Associations of Child Temperament with Child Overweight and Breakfast Habits: A Population Study in Five-Year-Olds. Nutrients 2015; 7:10116-28. [PMID: 26633494 PMCID: PMC4690074 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the associations of child temperament with overweight/obesity and breakfast habits. Participants were 17,409 five-year-olds whose mothers partake in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and completed a questionnaire at the child’s 5th birthday. Temperament was assessed as externalizing, internalizing and sociable temperament. Breakfast habits differentiated between “every day”, “4 to 6 times a week”, and “0 to 3 times a week”. The child’s weight status was determined by Body Mass Index-percentiles and categorized as normal weight versus overweight/obese. Children with externalizing temperament had higher odds of being overweight and higher odds of not eating breakfast daily. Children high in internalizing temperament had higher odds of not eating breakfast daily, but not of being overweight. Children with average scores of sociability were more prone to being overweight but had normal breakfast habits. All results were adjusted for key confounders. That five-year-olds high in externalizing temperament had a higher risk to be overweight adds important information to the literature. The association of externalizing temperament with child breakfast habits so early in life is intriguing, as parents mostly control eating patterns in children that young. Mechanisms mediating this association should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarete Erika Vollrath
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway.
- Institute of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway.
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Reduced facial emotion recognition in overweight and obese children. J Psychosom Res 2015; 79:635-9. [PMID: 26144887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional problems often co-occur in overweight or obese children. However, questions of whether emotion recognition deficits are present and how they are reflected have only been sparsely investigated to date. METHODS Therefore, the present study included 33 overweight and obese as well as 33 normal weight elementary school children between six and ten years that were matched for sex, age and socioeconomic status. Participants were shown different emotional faces of a well-validated set of stimuli on a computer screen, which they categorized and then rated on an emotional intensity level. Key measures were categorization performance along with reaction times and emotional intelligence as well as emotional eating questionnaire ratings. RESULTS Overweight children exhibited lower categorization accuracy as well as longer reaction times as compared to normal weight children, while no differences in intensity ratings occurred. Reaction time to neutral facial expressions was negatively related to intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional intelligence and emotional eating correlated negatively with accuracy for recognizing sad expressions. CONCLUSION Facial emotion decoding difficulties seem to be of importance in overweight and obese children and deserve further consideration in terms of their exact impact on social functioning as well as on the maintenance of elevated body weight during child development.
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Cook BG, Li D, Heinrich KM. Obesity, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior of Youth With Learning Disabilities and ADHD. JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES 2015; 48:563-576. [PMID: 24449262 DOI: 10.1177/0022219413518582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in childhood are important indicators of present and future health and are associated with school-related outcomes such as academic achievement, behavior, peer relationships, and self-esteem. Using logistic regression models that controlled for gender, age, ethnicity/race, and socioeconomic status, we investigated the likelihood that youth with learning disabilities (LD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are obese, physically active, and sedentary using a nationally representative sample of 45,897 youth in the United States from 10 to 17 years of age. Results indicated that youth with comorbid LD/ADHD were significantly more likely than peers without LD or ADHD to be obese; that youth with LD only, ADHD only, and comorbid LD/ADHD were significantly less likely to meet recommended levels of physical activity; and that youth with LD only were significantly more likely to exceed recommended levels of sedentary behavior. Medication status mediated outcomes for youth with ADHD. We offer school-based recommendations for improving health-related outcomes for students with LD and ADHD.
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Sanders RH, Han A, Baker JS, Cobley S. Childhood obesity and its physical and psychological co-morbidities: a systematic review of Australian children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:715-46. [PMID: 25922141 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Australia is predicted to have the highest overweight/obesity rate in the world by 2022 outranking the USA and UK. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the associations between childhood obesity and physical and psychological health co-morbidities. Therefore, a systematic literature search was conducted from six databases (2004-2014). Studies were included if they investigated obesity-related co-morbidities with participants residing in Australia aged 0-18 years. Forty-seven studies fulfilled selection criteria. Evidence suggests that overweight/obese Australian children and adolescents, compared to normal-weight peers, had more cardio-metabolic risk factors and higher risk factors of non-alcohol fatty liver disease and were experiencing more negative psychological outcomes (depression, low self-esteem and lower scores of health-related quality of life). Many other health consequences have either not been investigated in Australia, or as frequently as in other countries. CONCLUSIONS Given Australia's current overweight/obesity prevalence and trajectory, Australia-based studies are needed to identify the suspected co-morbidities, understand the range of individual, social and environmental mechanisms driving obesity, and help identify policies, interventions and strategies that will change the future trajectory and 'disease burden' both in Australia and internationally. WHAT IS KNOWN • Trend analyses have shown that obesity prevalence in Australia is increasing and will outrank UK and the USA by 2022. • Every third Australian child/adolescent between 5 and 19 years old is predicted to be classified as overweight or obese by 2025. • Childhood obesity is associated with multiple immediate physical and psychological health co-morbidities as well as co-morbidities in adulthood. These have often been identified and examined individually. What is New: • This paper presents a holistic picture of childhood obesity and the associated multiple co-morbidities in Australia. • The extensive health-related outcomes from childhood obesity and those requiring further research are identified. • The findings of this paper will influence the development of local/regional, state and national strategies to change Australia's future trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross H Sanders
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus C42, 75 East Street, Sydney, NSW, 2141, Australia,
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Nagata JM, Hagan MJ, Heyman MB, Wojcicki JM. No Association between Obesity and Behavior in Low-income, Preschool Latino Children. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2015; 26:410-20. [PMID: 25913339 PMCID: PMC4469650 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2015.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between behavioral problems and obesity in early childhood in Latinos is largely unknown. METHODS Cross-sectional anthropometric and behavioral data of children at three years of age were gathered from a cohort of 174 children of Latina mothers at two San Francisco hospitals. Child behaviors were assessed using the preschool Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1½-5). Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between behavior and obesity. RESULTS At three years, 27.7% were obese. There were no associations between affective (OR = 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42-8.59), anxiety (OR = 1.86; 95% CI 0.53-6.47), pervasive developmental (OR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.13-1.36), attention deficit hyperactivity (OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.12-2.76), or oppositional defiant (OR = 6.49; 95% CI 0.65-64.49) problems and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Though psychological problems and obesity are associated among older children and adolescents, there was no association in Latino three-year olds in a low-income sample.
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Pérez-Bonaventura I, Granero R, Ezpeleta L. The relationship between weight status and emotional and behavioral problems in Spanish preschool children. J Pediatr Psychol 2014; 40:455-63. [PMID: 25502614 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between behavioral problems and weight status, considering body mass index (BMI) z-scores and overweight status, in a community sample of preschoolers. METHODS The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents were administered to 611 parents. Adjusted general linear models and binary logistic regressions were used. RESULTS Children who were overweight and had a higher BMI were at increased risk of peer problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Prospective analyses showed that a higher BMI at the age of 3 years was predictive of peer problems at ages 4 and 5 years and hyperactivity and ADHD symptoms at the age of 4 years. CONCLUSION This is the first study using a diagnostic-based instrument that shows a relationship between weight status and ADHD symptoms in preschoolers. Overweight children might benefit from screening for behavioral disorders and peer relationship problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Pérez-Bonaventura
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, and Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, and Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, and Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Roser Granero
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, and Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, and Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Lourdes Ezpeleta
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, and Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Unitat d'Epidemiologia i de Diagnòstic en Psicopatologia del Desenvolupament, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, and Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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Child behavioural problems and body size among 2-6 year old children predisposed to overweight. results from the "healthy start" study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78974. [PMID: 24250821 PMCID: PMC3826721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Psychological adversities among young children may be associated with childhood overweight and obesity. We examined if an increased level of child behavioural problems was associated with body size among a selected group of 2-6 year old children, who were all predisposed to develop overweight. Methods Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using baseline data from the “Healthy Start” intervention study. A total of 3058 children were invited to participate, and data from 583 children who were all predisposed for obesity was analyzed. The Danish version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess child stress by the SDQ Total Difficulties (SDQ-TD) score and the Prosocial Behavior (PSB) score. Height and weight were measured, and BMI z-scores were calculated. Results A direct, but non-significant linear trend was found between SDQ-TD score and BMI z-score (β = 0.021, p = 0.11). Having an SDQ-TD score above the 90th percentile was associated with BMI z-score (β = 0.36, p = 0.05). PSB score was not associated with BMI z-score. Analyses were adjusted for parental socioeconomic status, parental BMI, family structure, dietary factors, physical activity, and family stress level. Conclusion The results suggested a threshold effect between SDQ-TD score and BMI z-score, where BMI z-score was associated with childhood behavioural problems only for those with the highest scores of SDQ-TD. No significant association between PSB score and BMI z-score was found.
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Galván M, Uauy R, López-Rodríguez G, Kain J. Association between childhood obesity, cognitive development, physical fitness and social-emotional wellbeing in a transitional economy. Ann Hum Biol 2013; 41:99-104. [PMID: 24116969 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2013.841288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that obese children have lower cognitive function, demonstrate poorer physical performance and are more susceptible to social-emotional problems. AIMS To describe associations between human physical growth, cognitive development, physical fitness and social-emotional characteristics of obese and non-obese children and to verify the predictors of intellectual coefficient by socioeconomic status (SES). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A sample of 107 non-obese (N-Ob) children [-1 z-score body mass index (BMI) ≤1 z-score] and 108 obese (Ob) children [2 z-score ≤BMI ≤5 z-score] from a larger cohort was evaluated. Intellectual coefficient (IQ), social-emotional wellbeing (SEW), 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and SES (mid-low, low and very low) were assessed. RESULTS Ob children were taller, heavier and present more height for age and BMI than N-Ob children (p < 0.001). A significant correlation between IQ and SEW (r = 0.14), 6MWT and BMI z-score (r = -0.18) and 6MWT and SEW (r = 0.15) was found. Multiple regression analysis revealed that BMI z-score had a negative impact on IQ in the mid-low SES sub-group and that SEW had a positive effect on IQ in the very-low SES sub-group. CONCLUSIONS In Chilean pre-school children from low-income families cognitive ability varied according to SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Galván
- Institute of Health Sciences (ICSA), U. Autónoma de Hidalgo , Pachuca , México
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Warrington NM, Wu YY, Pennell CE, Marsh JA, Beilin LJ, Palmer LJ, Lye SJ, Briollais L. Modelling BMI trajectories in children for genetic association studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53897. [PMID: 23349760 PMCID: PMC3547961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing of associations between common genetic variants and changes in growth patterns over childhood may provide insight into the development of obesity in later life. To address this question, it is important to define appropriate statistical models to allow for the detection of genetic effects influencing longitudinal childhood growth. METHODS AND RESULTS Children from The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine; n=1,506) Study were genotyped at 17 genetic loci shown to be associated with childhood obesity (FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, GNPDA2, KCTD15, NEGR1, BDNF, ETV5, SEC16B, LYPLAL1, TFAP2B, MTCH2, BCDIN3D, NRXN3, SH2B1, MRSA) and an obesity-risk-allele-score was calculated as the total number of 'risk alleles' possessed by each individual. To determine the statistical method that fits these data and has the ability to detect genetic differences in BMI growth profile, four methods were investigated: linear mixed effects model, linear mixed effects model with skew-t random errors, semi-parametric linear mixed models and a non-linear mixed effects model. Of the four methods, the semi-parametric linear mixed model method was the most efficient for modelling childhood growth to detect modest genetic effects in this cohort. Using this method, three of the 17 loci were significantly associated with BMI intercept or trajectory in females and four in males. Additionally, the obesity-risk-allele score was associated with increased average BMI (female: β=0.0049, P=0.0181; male: β=0.0071, P=0.0001) and rate of growth (female: β=0.0012, P=0.0006; male: β=0.0008, P=0.0068) throughout childhood. CONCLUSIONS Using statistical models appropriate to detect genetic variants, variations in adult obesity genes were associated with childhood growth. There were also differences between males and females. This study provides evidence of genetic effects that may identify individuals early in life that are more likely to rapidly increase their BMI through childhood, which provides some insight into the biology of childhood growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Warrington
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yan Yan Wu
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julie A. Marsh
- School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lawrence J. Beilin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Lye
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurent Briollais
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Kuhl ES, Rausch JR, Varni JW, Stark LJ. Impaired health-related quality of life in preschoolers with obesity. J Pediatr Psychol 2012; 37:1148-56. [PMID: 22976509 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jss090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for treatment-seeking preschoolers with obesity (N = 60) differed from preschoolers in a nonclinical comparison sample (N = 457). METHODS Parents in both samples completed the parent-proxy form of the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL). Between-group comparisons were conducted to examine differences for all scales and summary scores of the PedsQL. RESULTS Parent proxy-reported HRQOL was significantly lower for treatment-seeking preschoolers with obesity for all scales and summary scores except school functioning. Differences on the total scale score met the criterion for being a clinically important difference. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests treatment-seeking families perceive worse HRQOL for children with obesity as early as the preschool years. Discussion of HRQOL may be a more effective strategy for health care professionals in broaching the topic of weight with parents and identifying families who may be more receptive to weight management suggestions for preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Kuhl
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, USA.
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Determinants of Cognitive Development of Low SES Children in Chile: A Post-transitional Country with Rising Childhood Obesity Rates. Matern Child Health J 2012; 17:1243-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-012-1121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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RALSTON RA, WALKER KZ, TRUBY H. A review of the indices and references used to assess overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents. Nutr Diet 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2012.01603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sawyer MG, Harchak T, Wake M, Lynch J. Four-year prospective study of BMI and mental health problems in young children. Pediatrics 2011; 128:677-84. [PMID: 21930536 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate prospectively the relationship between BMI and the mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of young children. METHODS In this study we used data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children obtained when children were 4 to 5 and 8 to 9 years old. BMI was available for 3363 children at both waves. Mental health problems were assessed by using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which was completed by parents and teachers. HRQoL was assessed by using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), which was completed by the parents. RESULTS Logistic regression models were adjusted for children's age, gender, baseline SDQ or PedsQL scores, and maternal characteristics. A 1-SD increase in BMI in children aged 4 to 5 years was associated with increased odds of scoring in the abnormal range of the SDQ peer problems scale of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.28) for parent reports and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.04-1.37) for teacher reports when these children were aged 8 to 9 years. The odds ratio for children who scored above the at-risk cutoff on the parent-reported PedsQL social problems scale was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06-1.28) for each 1-SD increase at 4 to 5 years of age. There were also increased odds for teacher reports of childhood emotional problems. CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI in children aged 4 to 5 years was positively related to poorer peer relationships and teacher-reported emotional problems but not to other childhood mental health problems, in these children at 8 to 9 years of age. Prospective studies are needed to determine if peer problems experienced by children with higher BMI predict subsequent mental health problems in other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gifford Sawyer
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Williams JW, Canterford L, Hesketh KD, Hardy P, Waters EB, Patton GC, Wake M. Changes in body mass index and health related quality of life from childhood to adolescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 6:e442-8. [PMID: 21198354 DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2010.526226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine longitudinal relationships between body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in an adolescent population sample. Design. Data collected in 2000 and 2005 within the Health of Young Victorians longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Originally a community sample of elementary school students in Victoria, Australia. Follow-up occurred in either secondary schools or individuals homes. PARTICIPANTS Cohort recruited in 1997 via a random sampling design from Victorian elementary schools. Originally comprising 1 943 children, 1 569 (80.8%) participated in 2000 (wave 2, 8-13 years) and 851 (54%) in 2005 (wave 3, 13-19 years). Main outcome measures. In both waves participants and their parents completed the PedsQL, a 23-item child HRQoL measure, and BMI z-scores and status (non-overweight, overweight or obese) were calculated from measured height and weight. Associations were tested cross-sectionally and longitudinally (linear regression, adjusted for baseline values) RESULTS A total of 81.6% remained in the same BMI category, while 11.4% and 7.0% moved to higher and lower categories, respectively. Cross-sectional inverse associations between lower PedsQL and higher BMI categories were similar to those for elementary school children. Wave 2 BMI strongly predicted wave 3 BMI and wave 2 PedsQL strongly predicted wave 3 PedsQL. Only parent-reported Total PedsQL score predicted higher subsequent BMI, though this effect was small. Wave 2 BMI did not predict wave 3 PedsQL. CONCLUSIONS This novel study confirmed previous cross-sectional associations, but did not provide convincing evidence that BMI is causally associated with falling HRQoL or vice versa across the transition from childhood to adolescence.
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Bauer L, Dick D, Bierut L, Bucholz K, Edenberg H, Kuperman S, Kramer J, Nurnberger J, O'Connor S, Rice J, Rohrbaugh J, Schuckit M, Tischfield J, Porjesz B, Hesselbrock V. Obesity, smoking, and frontal brain dysfunction. Am J Addict 2010; 19:391-400. [PMID: 20716301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, smoking, and conduct problems have all been associated with decrements in brain function. However, their additive and interactive effects have rarely been examined. To address the deficiency, we studied P300a and P300b electroencephalographic potentials in 218 women grouped by the presence versus absence of: (1) a BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2); (2) recent smoking; and (3) > or = 2 childhood conduct problems. Analyses revealed smaller P300a and P300b amplitudes over the posterior scalp among recent smokers versus nonsmokers. No corresponding group differences were found in P300 latencies or frontal scalp amplitudes. The most interesting analysis result was an interaction between conduct problems and obesity limited to the frontally generated P300a component: its latency was significantly greater in women with both attributes than in those with either or neither attribute. An exploratory ANOVA, substituting the genotype of a GABRA2 SNP for conduct problems, also demonstrated an interaction with obesity affecting P300a latency. It is hypothesized that conduct problems, and a conduct-problem-associated GABRA2 genotype, decrease the age-of-onset and/or increase the lifetime duration of obesity. As a result, they may potentiate the adverse effects of obesity on frontal white matter and thereby increase P300a latency. Smoking may affect brain function by a different mechanism to reduce posterior scalp P300a and P300b amplitudes while preserving frontal scalp P300a latency and amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-2103, USA.
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Griffiths LJ, Dezateux C, Hill A. Is obesity associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children? Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 6:e423-32. [PMID: 21114457 PMCID: PMC3465802 DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2010.526221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between obesity and emotional and behavioural problems in a nationally representative sample of young children. Methods. Data were available from 11 202 children (50% boys) participating in the UK's Millennium Cohort Study. Height and weight were measured at 3 and 5 years and children defined as obese using IOTF cut-offs for body mass index (BMI). Emotional and behavioural problems were parentally assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Adjusted linear and multinomial regression analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls. Results. At age 3, obese boys had more conduct problems, and obese girls had more prosocial behaviours, than their normal weight counterparts. At age 5, obese boys had more conduct problems, hyperactivity and inattention problems, peer relationship problems and total difficulties. Obese girls only had more peer relationship problems. Obese 3-year-olds were not at increased risk of abnormal scores; in contrast, obese 5-year-old boys were significantly more likely to have abnormal scores for conduct problems, hyperactivity and inattention problems, peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviours and total difficulties. Obesity, at age 3, was also predictive of peer relationship problems at age 5 in boys (95% CI: 0.26 [0.01, 0.52]). Conclusions. Childhood obesity is associated with emotional and behavioural problems from a very young age. Obese boys are at particular risk. Further research is required to examine effect modifiers and mediating factors in these associations. Recognition and response to these mental health problems should be a goal of pediatric obesity interventions and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Griffiths
- MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Garthus-Niegel S, Hagtvet KA, Vollrath ME. A prospective study of weight development and behavior problems in toddlers: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:626. [PMID: 20961446 PMCID: PMC2972243 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has suggested that overweight children have a higher risk of behavior problems, but the causal direction of this relationship remains unclear. In a large prospective population study, we investigated whether child behavior problems and body mass index are associated in toddlers and whether overweight is a risk for behavior problems or vice versa. Methods The study was part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. The sample consisted of 10 860 toddlers, followed up to age 36 months. We used data from maternal questionnaires from gestation week 17 and at child ages 18 and 36 months, and data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Child height and weight were assessed at child health stations and recorded by mothers. Behavior problems were assessed using shortened subscales from the Child Behavior Checklist. Statistical analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling. Results Behavior problems in toddlers were not associated with higher body mass index cross-sectionally at either age 18 or 36 months, and there was no indication that behavior problems caused increasing body mass index over time or vice versa. Conclusions The association between behavior problems and body mass index found in older children did not appear in toddlers up to age 36 months. Future studies should focus on the age span from 3 to 6 years, which includes the period of adiposity rebound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Department of Psychosomatics and Health Behavior, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
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Anderson SE, He X, Schoppe-Sullivan S, Must A. Externalizing behavior in early childhood and body mass index from age 2 to 12 years: longitudinal analyses of a prospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2010; 10:49. [PMID: 20630082 PMCID: PMC2912880 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some evidence suggests that obesity and behavior problems are related in children, but studies have been conflicting and have rarely included children under age 4. An association between behavior problems in early childhood and risk for obesity could suggest that a common set of factors contribute to both. Our research objectives were to determine the extent to which externalizing behavior in early childhood is related to body mass index (BMI) in early childhood and through age 12, and to evaluate whether these associations differ by sex and race. METHODS Data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were analyzed. Externalizing behaviors at 24 months were assessed by mothers using the Child Behavior Checklist. BMI was calculated from measured height and weight assessed 7 times between age 2 and 12 years. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess associations between 24 month externalizing behavior and BMI from 2 to 12 years, calculate predicted differences in BMI, and evaluate effect modification. RESULTS Externalizing behavior at 24 months was associated with a higher BMI at 24 months and through age 12. Results from a linear mixed effects model, controlling for confounding variables and internalizing behavior, predicted a difference in BMI of approximately 3/4 of a unit at 24 months of age comparing children with high levels of externalizing behavior to children with low levels of externalizing behavior. There was some evidence of effect modification by race; among white children, the average BMI difference remained stable through age 12, but it doubled to 1.5 BMI units among children who were black or another race. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses suggest that externalizing behaviors in early childhood are associated with children's weight status early in childhood and throughout the elementary school years, though the magnitude of the effect is modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Boneberger A, von Kries R, Milde-Busch A, Bolte G, Rochat MK, Rückinger S. Association between peer relationship problems and childhood overweight/obesity. Acta Paediatr 2009; 98:1950-5. [PMID: 19681766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the association between peer relationship problems and childhood overweight and obesity. METHODS Data on 4718 preschool children were obtained at the obligatory school entry health examination in Bavaria. Parentally reported peer relationship problems ('normal', 'borderline' or 'abnormal') were assessed from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Overweight and obesity were defined according to age- and gender-specific BMI cut-off points. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to control potential confounders. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among children with 'borderline' or 'abnormal' peer relationship problems compared to 'normal' children. The association of 'abnormal' peer relationship problems was still significant in the final logistic regression model for girls [odds ratio (OR) for overweight 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-3.0; OR for obesity 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3-5.0]. Among boys the adjusted odds ratio were lower and no longer significant. CONCLUSION The significantly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children with peer relationship problems could not be explained by confounding. It seems evident that there is a relevant co-morbidity of peer relationship problems and obesity in pre-school children pointing to the need of interventions focusing on both physical as well as psychosocial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Boneberger
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Bradley RH, Houts R, Nader PR, O'Brien M, Belsky J, Crosnoe R. The relationship between body mass index and behavior in children. J Pediatr 2008; 153:629-634. [PMID: 18639889 PMCID: PMC2590939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine reciprocal relationships between body mass index (BMI) and internalizing and externalizing problems from infancy through middle childhood, with a focus on sex and history of overweight. STUDY DESIGN Data from 1254 children in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were used to conduct longitudinal analyses of the relationship between BMI and scores on the Child Behavior Checklist from age 2 years through the 6th grade. RESULTS BMI and behavior problems demonstrated stability across the 7 measurement occasions. No consistent relationship between BMI and behavior problems was evident before school entry, but higher BMI was associated with later internalizing problems beginning in the 1st grade for boys and girls. Higher BMI was not associated with increased conduct problems. CONCLUSIONS As children move into middle childhood, higher BMI is associated with increased likelihood of developing internalizing problems. Health care providers should monitor BMI as children enter school and provide guidance to parents regarding emerging symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Bradley
- Center for Applied Studies in Education, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
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Davis E, Davies B, Waters E, Priest N. The relationship between proxy reported health-related quality of life and parental distress: gender differences. Child Care Health Dev 2008; 34:830-7. [PMID: 18786131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although primary caregiver proxy reports of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are often used for healthcare decision making when child self-reports are unable to be collected (because of a variety of reasons such as child illness, disability or age), we have little understanding of the correlates of parent-proxy reports. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between parental depression and parent-proxy reported QOL for primary caregivers (mothers and fathers), using a multidimensional HRQOL instrument. It was hypothesized that maternal depression would be negatively correlated with maternal reported HRQOL, but that paternal depression would not be correlated with paternal reported HRQOL. METHODS Data were from parents of children aged 4-5 years (n = 4983) involved in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. A questionnaire assessing parental depression (Kessler-6) and proxy reported HRQOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) was completed by the primary caregiver. RESULTS For maternal primary caregivers, maternal depression was negatively correlated with all domains of maternal proxy reports of HRQOL (r = -0.24 to r = -0.36). For paternal primary caregivers, there was no relationship between paternal depression and paternal proxy reports of HRQOL. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that maternal depression was a significant predictor of total HRQOL, accounting for 12% of the variance. For paternal mental health, depression did not predict parent-proxy reported total HRQOL. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of assessing maternal mental health when measuring proxy reported QOL. Further research is needed in this area to examine the relationship between parental depression and proxy reported HRQOL (including both mothers and fathers, where possible), as well as child self-reported HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Davis
- McCaughey Centre, VicHealth Centre for the Promotion of Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia.
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Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify predictors of obesity. One hundred eleven nonobese and 48 obese HIV-1 seropositive patients provided information on medical history and other characteristics. They were then asked to detect the passage of 2-s time intervals while the contingent negative variation (CNV) was recorded. Obese patients were healthier, more likely to be receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, and less likely to be substance dependent. Obese patients also exhibited a greater CNV slope and responded prematurely. A path model suggested that CD4+count and protease inhibitor use directly predicted obesity. Depression had no direct effect. However, when incorporated into a hypothetical construct, "mood dysregulation," that also included childhood conduct problems and stimulant dependence, the shared variance among the indicators did predict obesity. This relationship was mediated through premature response preparation (anterior scalp CNV amplitude) and its hypothesized association with impatience/impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance O Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 0603-2103, USA.
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Cortese S, Angriman M, Maffeis C, Isnard P, Konofal E, Lecendreux M, Purper-Ouakil D, Vincenzi B, Bernardina BD, Mouren MC. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obesity: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2008; 48:524-37. [DOI: 10.1080/10408390701540124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Goldstein RB, Dawson DA, Stinson FS, June Ruan W, Patricia Chou S, Pickering RP, Grant BF. Antisocial behavioral syndromes and body mass index among adults in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Compr Psychiatry 2008; 49:225-37. [PMID: 18396181 PMCID: PMC2730646 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe associations of antisocial behavioral syndromes, including DSM-IV antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and conduct disorder without progression to ASPD ("CD only"), and syndromal antisocial behavior in adulthood without CD before age 15 (AABS, not a codable DSM-IV disorder), with body mass index (BMI) status in the general US adult population. METHODS This report is based on the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n = 43093; response rate, 81%). Respondents were classified according to whether they met criteria for ASPD, AABS, "CD only," or no antisocial syndrome, and on current BMI status based on self-reported height and weight. Associations of antisocial syndromes with BMI status were examined using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Among men, antisociality was not associated with BMI. Among women, ASPD was significantly associated with overweight and extreme obesity; AABS was associated with obesity and extreme obesity; and "CD only" was significantly associated with overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of antisocial features appears warranted in overweight, obese, and extremely obese women, and assessment of BMI status appears indicated in antisocial women. Prevention and treatment guidelines for overweight and obesity may need revision to address comorbid antisociality, and interventions targeting antisociality may need to include attention to weight concerns.
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Perrin JM. The changing contours of pediatric practice. AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMBULATORY PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION 2006; 6:303-4. [PMID: 17116600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ambp.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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