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Costello MK, McClure JC, Brown JA, Amorín de Hegedüs R, Mantovani HC, Ricke SC. The gastrointestinal tract microbiome of Holstein × Angus cross cattle is negatively impacted by the pre-harvest process. Appl Environ Microbiol 2025; 91:e0259924. [PMID: 40214226 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02599-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Stress during the beef pre-harvest period can induce an inflammatory response and acidotic conditions in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which affects the gastrointestinal tract microbiome. The objective of this study was to characterize the status of the GIT microbiome at harvest in beef cattle entering a small USDA processing facility. Nine beef cattle were shipped from a producer in Columbia County, WI, to the USDA processing facility at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and were harvested across four dates. Digesta samples were collected from eight GIT locations: rumen solids, rumen liquids, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and large intestines. After DNA extraction, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were analyzed for alpha and beta diversity metrics, core microbiome, differential abundance, and co-occurrence network analyses. Harvest date, finishing weight, and GIT location had a significant impact on microbial diversity and community composition (P < 0.05), and there was an interaction between GIT location and harvest date (P < 0.05). Taxonomic composition shifted throughout the GIT, though Prevotella and Treponema were core members in several different GIT locations. The co-occurrence analysis revealed microorganisms potentially associated with clinical infections, with Moryella in the rumen and Acinetobacter in the hindgut emerging as the highest scoring hubs. These results suggest that the pre-harvest period may negatively impact the beef cattle GIT microbiome. Modulating the GIT microbiome during the pre-harvest period may offer an opportunity to improve food safety.IMPORTANCEWith the global rise in antimicrobial resistance and the threat of foodborne illness, determining intervention strategies prior to harvest is a promising solution. The period between transportation from the feedlot to harvest may increase the risk of foodborne illness. During this period, cattle are withheld feed to reduce gastrointestinal tract (GIT) contents during carcass dressing. Feed withdrawal has many unintended consequences, such as acidosis and an increase in GIT pathogenic bacteria, that may result in foodborne pathogens on the final product. These consequences have yet to be thoroughly investigated in dairy-beef cross cattle, which have been rising in prominence in the United States. The GIT microbiome of dairy-beef cross cattle has been scarcely characterized despite its influence on preventing the proliferation of common pathogens in the GIT. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the impacts of feed withdrawal on the GIT microbiome and its relation to foodborne illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Costello
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J C McClure
- United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J A Brown
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - R Amorín de Hegedüs
- United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - H C Mantovani
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - S C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Wang J, Wu D, Wang Z, Shi L, Hu R, Yue Z, Che L, Zhong W, Ke S, Zhang C, Peng Q, Zou H. Effects of yeast β-glucan on fermentation parameters, microbial community structure, and rumen epithelial cell function in high-concentrate-induced yak rumen acidosis in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 314:144441. [PMID: 40403811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2025] [Accepted: 05/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/24/2025]
Abstract
This study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) to evaluate the effects of graded levels of yeast β-glucan supplementation on subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) induced by high-concentrate diets in yaks. Seven treatment groups were established: a low-concentrate control (LC; 50 % concentrate + 50 % forage), a high-concentrate control (HC; 80 % concentrate + 20 % forage), and HC diets supplemented with 0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %, 4 %, or 8 % yeast β-glucan. Rumen pH, gas production, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles were measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h of in vitro fermentation. At 9, 12, and 24 h, concentrations of deleterious metabolites-lactic acid, endotoxin (LPS), and histamine-were quantified. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to compare microbial community structures among the LC, HC, and HC + 1 % β-glucan (1 % HCG) groups. The effects of fermentation supernatants on inflammatory gene expression and epithelial barrier integrity were evaluated using a yak rumen epithelial cell (YREC) model. Results demonstrated that the LC group maintained ruminal pH > 5.5 at all time points, whereas the HC group exhibited pH < 5.5 after 9, 12, and 24 h. Supplementation with 1-8 % yeast β-glucan significantly elevated pH (P < 0.05) to values comparable with the LC group. Relative to LC, the HC group showed significant reductions in pH, microbial crude protein (MCP), acetate concentration, and acetate:propionate ratio (P < 0.05), concomitant with significant increases in NH₃-N, propionate, butyrate, total VFA, and harmful metabolites (lactic acid, LPS, and histamine) (P < 0.05). Microbial community analysis revealed that HC feeding decreased the relative abundances of specific genera within the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. Moreover, the HC diet upregulated pro-inflammatory gene expression and downregulated genes related to oxidative phosphorylation and cytoskeletal integrity in YRECs. Yeast β-glucan supplementation (1-8 %) mitigated SARA-associated perturbations in fermentation parameters-elevating pH, acetate concentration, acetate:propionate ratio, and MCP content; reducing NH₃-N accumulation; and lowering lactic acid, LPS, and histamine concentrations-while modulating key bacterial taxa and attenuating inflammatory responses and epithelial damage. In conclusion, yeast β-glucan effectively alleviates high-concentrate diet-induced ruminal acidosis and promotes rumen health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Wang
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Innovative Team for Low-Carbon Breeding of Beef Cattle, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Duoting Wu
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Innovative Team for Low-Carbon Breeding of Beef Cattle, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Innovative Team for Low-Carbon Breeding of Beef Cattle, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Liyuan Shi
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Innovative Team for Low-Carbon Breeding of Beef Cattle, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Innovative Team for Low-Carbon Breeding of Beef Cattle, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziqi Yue
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Innovative Team for Low-Carbon Breeding of Beef Cattle, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Che
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Innovative Team for Low-Carbon Breeding of Beef Cattle, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wan Zhong
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Innovative Team for Low-Carbon Breeding of Beef Cattle, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shanpeng Ke
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Innovative Team for Low-Carbon Breeding of Beef Cattle, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Innovative Team for Low-Carbon Breeding of Beef Cattle, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Innovative Team for Low-Carbon Breeding of Beef Cattle, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Innovative Team for Low-Carbon Breeding of Beef Cattle, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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3
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Fouts JQ, Grossi S, Tricarico JM, Kebreab E. Effects of pulse-dosing an essential oil blend to dairy cows on enteric methane emissions and productivity. Transl Anim Sci 2025; 9:txaf056. [PMID: 40391288 PMCID: PMC12086541 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaf056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/21/2025] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effects of pulse-dosing the essential oil blend, Agolin Ruminant (EOB), to dairy cows on methane (CH4) production (g/d) and intensity (g/kg milk or energy-corrected milk (ECM)), as well as lactation performance, on a commercial farm. Seventy-two multiparous, mid-lactation cows were blocked by days in milk, parity, and milk yield and housed in a single pen. After a 2-wk covariate period, cows within each block were randomly assigned to one of two treatments for 10 wk: Control (blank pellets) and EOBP (blank pellets and EOB pellets). The pellets were delivered through double-hopper GreenFeed (GF) units. Hopper 1 of each GF unit contained EOB pellets, formulated to supply ~1 g EOB from the first daily drop of pellets for each EOBP cow. Hopper 2 dispensed blank pellets for the remaining daily drops to EOBP cows and for all drops to Control cows. Enteric gases were measured via the GF units. Milk yields and components were obtained twice weekly, and dry matter intake (DMI) was calculated weekly using milk data, body weight, and body condition score. Overall, cows receiving EOB tended to have lower milk lactose concentration. In week 7, EOBP cows outperformed Control cows in milk yield, ECM, yields of milk protein, lactose, and solids-nonfat, modeled DMI, and CH4 intensity. Inherent limitations of administering EOB through the GF units, as well as a low number of CH4 measurements occurring after peak fermentation, may have contributed to the lack of consistent treatment differences. Our efforts to administer a feed additive to individual cows, and our consideration of how farm management practices influenced the results, contribute to the progress of on-farm CH4 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Quinn Fouts
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616, United States
| | - Silvia Grossi
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616, United States
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Divas Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - Juan M Tricarico
- Innovation Center for US Dairy, Rosemont, IL 60018, United States
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616, United States
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4
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Fan G, Su N, He Y, Yuan C, Zhao C, Hu X, Fu Y, Zhang N. Carbonate Buffer Mixture Alleviates Subacute Rumen Acidosis Induced by Long-Term High-Concentrate Feeding in Dairy Goats by Regulating Rumen Microbiota. Microorganisms 2025; 13:945. [PMID: 40284781 PMCID: PMC12029291 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2025] [Revised: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of carbonate buffer mixture (CBM) in mitigating subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) by examining its effects on rumen pH, systemic inflammation, and rumen microbiota in a dairy goat model. Using a controlled experimental design, SARA was induced through 8-week high-concentrate diet feeding (70% concentrate, 30% forage), followed by 2-day CBM treatment. Comprehensive analyses included rumen pH monitoring, serum inflammatory marker quantification (IL-1β, TNF-α) by ELISA, rumen barrier integrity assessment through tight junction proteins (TJs) ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-3 by western blot analysis, and 16S rRNA sequencing of rumen microbiota. The results demonstrated that CBM administration rapidly elevated depressed rumen pH within 6 h post-treatment while concurrently reducing circulating LPS levels. The analysis of rumen 16S rRNA showed that CBM significantly increased the rumen microbial diversity and abundance of SARA dairy goats. Butyric acid generation groups such as Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, NK4A214_group, and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 were selectively enriched, and corresponding functional predictions showed that the butyric acid synthesis pathway (PICRUSt2) was enhanced. These findings suggest that CBM has a multidimensional therapeutic effect by simultaneously correcting rumen acidosis, alleviating systemic inflammation, and restoring microbial balance through pH-dependent and pH-independent mechanisms, providing a scientifically validated nutritional strategy for SARA management in intensive ruminant production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (G.F.); (N.S.); (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (C.Z.); (X.H.)
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5
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Xue B, Thompson JP, Yan T, Stergiadis S, Smith L, Theodoridou K. Dose-response effects of dietary inclusion of agro-industrial by-products on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2025. [PMID: 40197758 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the agro-industry produces considerable amounts of by-products globally, it is acknowledged that there is a need to address the environmental issues related to their disposal and the resource competition between food for humans and feed for animals. The aim of this study was to explore, in vitro, the effects of various by-products from the agro-industry on rumen fermentation and methane emission. Samples were collected from various food processing industries, including red and green apple pomace (RAP, GAP), hempseed cake (HC), coffee hulls (CH), coffee grounds (CG), spent mushroom compost (SMC) and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). In doses of 100, 200 and 300 g kg-1, the tested by-products were incubated in rumen fluid, where the by-products replaced equal amounts of substrates. RESULTS Gas production (GP) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) decreased linearly for most of the tested by-products with the growth of doses (P < 0.001), while NH3-N concentration increased linearly. Linear decreases were observed in CH4 production with increasing doses of all by-products (P < 0.05). The reduction of CH4 production ranged from 21.4% to 33.6% at doses of 100-300 g kg-1, but reductions were only observed at a dose of 100 g kg-1 when CH4 productions were corrected by digested dry matter (P < 0.05). RAP, GAP and HC were higher than CH, CG and SMC for the comparison of key parameters including DMD, GP and volatile fatty acids. Better methane-mitigating effects were observed for RAP, GAP and HC than for the control group and CH, CG and SMC. CONCLUSION Most of the by-products tested were found to be a potential option for replacing conventional feed ingredients but should not exceed a dose at 200 g kg-1. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchu Xue
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Sustainable Livestock Systems, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, UK
| | - Joshua P Thompson
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Sustainable Livestock Systems, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, UK
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Laurence Smith
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Hou G, Wang J, Liu S, Gao D, Xu Y, Zhuang Y, Dong W, Yue Y, Bai J, Li S, Ma J, Li M, Wang W, Wang Y, Li S, Cao Z. Integrating Subacute Ruminal Acidosis, Lipopolysaccharide, and Trained Immunity: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Biol Sci 2025; 21:2806-2823. [PMID: 40303309 PMCID: PMC12035889 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) has emerged as a prevalent digestive disorder that significantly affects the overall health of ruminants, with notable links to various inflammatory diseases. Throughout the progression of SARA, elevated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in the rumen play a crucial role in initiating the innate immune response. In this review, we evaluate the recent insights into the pathways associated with SARA-induced inflammatory responses, with a specific focus on LPS. It is important to recognize the variation in the immune response activation potential of LPS derived from different bacterial sources. This variability aligns with the widespread detection of LPS in the rumens of ruminants with SARA. Nonetheless, trained immunity is expected to become a novel strategy for the prevention and control of SARA. This mechanism offers a rapid response to secondary stimuli, including LPS, effectively preventing inflammation. Ultimately, this review establishes a comprehensive system integrating SARA, LPS, and trained immunity. Through this integrated approach, we aim to provide innovative solutions to the challenges associated with SARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Duo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yimin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenzhuo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Yi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinni Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shangru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Bernard B, Joshi H, Fan P. Menthol in Livestock: Unveiling Its Multifaceted Properties and Future Potential for Sustainable Agriculture. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:2679. [PMID: 40141321 PMCID: PMC11943448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26062679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Menthol, the primary active compound in the widely cultivated peppermint plant (Mentha piperita), is well known for its use in human products such as topical analgesics and cold remedies. Menthol's cooling sensation and ability to locally modulate pain through interactions with transient receptor potential channels make it a valuable bioactive compound. In recent years, menthol's antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties have drawn attention in the livestock industry as a natural alternative to synthetic antibiotics in feed additives. This review comprehensively examines the existing literature to assess menthol's effects on animal growth performance, product quality, immune function, gastrointestinal microbial ecosystems, and metabolism across various livestock species. Notably, menthol shows potential for improving feed efficiency, mitigating chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibiting environmental and gastrointestinal pathogens, and enhancing calcium absorption. However, optimal dosages, treatment durations, synergies with other phytogenic compounds, and regulatory mechanisms require further investigation. Additionally, with increasing global temperatures and growing concerns about animal welfare, menthol's cooling, methane-reducing, and analgesic properties present promising opportunities for advancing sustainable livestock practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Bernard
- Department of Biochemistry, Nutrition & Health Promotion, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Himani Joshi
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Peixin Fan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
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Liu T, Xu J, Chen X, Ren J, He J, Wang Y, Cao Y, Guan LL, Yao J, Wu S. Ruminal-buccal microbiota transmission and their diagnostic roles in subacute rumen acidosis in dairy goats. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2025; 16:32. [PMID: 40025538 PMCID: PMC11872310 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disorder in ruminants that disrupts the rumen microbiome and animal health, but diagnosis is challenging due to subtle symptoms and invasive testing requirements. This study explores the potential of the buccal (oral) microbiome as a diagnostic indicator for SARA, hypothesizing an interaction with the rumen microbiome. RESULTS The study involved 47 dairy goats, including 11 on a control diet and 36 on high-concentrate diets with increasing rumen-degradable starch. Animals were grouped based on dietary exposure and ruminal pH: Control, Low-RDS Tolerance/SARA (LRDST/LRDSS), and High-RDS Tolerance/SARA (HRDST/HRDSS). Transcriptomics of rumen epithelium showed heightened inflammatory pathway gene expression in SARA-susceptible goats compared to controls and tolerant groups. Alpha diversity of ruminal bacteria showed lower Shannon diversity in HRDSS goats compared to HRDST whereas buccal bacteria displayed significantly lower Chao1 diversity in LRDSS goats compared to HRDST. Beta diversity analyses revealed distinct patterns between SARA-affected goats and healthy controls in both ruminal and buccal microbiomes. Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 emerged as a candidate biomarker, with reduced abundance in SARA-susceptible goats in both rumen and buccal samples. Machine learning classifiers achieved high accuracy in distinguishing SARA-susceptible goats using this genus (rumen AUC = 0.807; buccal AUC = 0.779). Source tracking analysis illustrated diminished cross-population of bacteria from the buccal to rumen (2.86% to 0.25%) and vice versa (8.59% to 1.17%), signifying compromised microbial interchange in SARA-affected goats. A microbiota transplant experiment verified SARA microbiota's ability to induce pH decline, escalate inflammation-related gene expression (MAPK10, IL17B, FOSB, SPP1), disrupt microbial transfer, and reduce Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in recipients. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight SARA's dual impact on ruminal and buccal microbiota, exacerbating epithelial inflammation gene expression. Shifts in the buccal microbiome, specifically reductions in Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, mirror ruminal changes and can be influenced by inter-compartmental bacterial transmission, thereby offering a non-invasive diagnostic approach for SARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jianrong Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinhui He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yangchun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Gebeyew K, Mi H, Du R, Gao M, Diba D, Tang S, He Z, Tan Z. Wheat straw and alfalfa hay alone or combined in a high-concentrate diet alters microbial-host interaction in the rumen of lambs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2025; 20:444-457. [PMID: 40034457 PMCID: PMC11875146 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
The inclusion of various forages in a normal forage-to-concentrate ratio has widely been reported to reveal the changes that occur in the foregut tissues. However, the mechanism by which the wheat straw, alfalfa hay, or both alter the orchestrated crosstalk of microbiome and host-transcriptome in the rumen of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet is elusive. Sixty-three Hulunbuir lambs were randomly allotted to 3 dietary groups, and each dietary group had 3 pens with 7 lambs. The lambs were fed high-concentrate diets (70%) supplemented with either 30% wheat straw (30S), a mixture of 15% alfalfa hay and 15% wheat straw (30M), or 30% alfalfa hay (30A) over a 2-week adaptation period and a 12-week formal trial. Compared with the 30S and 30A groups, the 30M group had greater (P < 0.05) levels of plasma glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2), interleukin-2 (IL-2). Humoral immunity showed a tendency to increase in the 30M group, as evidenced by the greater levels of plasma immunoglobulins (Ig) A and IgG (P > 0.05). The 16S rRNA result showed that the abundance of Lachnospiraceae (NK3A20 group and unclassified), Olsenella, Shuttleworthia, and Succiniclasticum were enriched in the 30M group. Meanwhile, the abundances of Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 and prevetolla_7 were enriched in 30S and 30A, respectively. The RNA-seq identified 35 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the "30S vs. 30M" and "30S vs. 30A," enriched in lipid metabolism pathways, including glycerophospholipid and arachidonic acid metabolism. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis results revealed that the expression of genes in the darkred (194 genes) and darkgreen (134 genes) modules showed a strong positive correlation with phenotypic traits and bacterial genera, respectively. The genes in the darkgreen module were involved in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism and showed a wide range of associations with Prevotella_7, Shuttleworthia, and Succiniclasticum, indicating that ruminal microbes might act as a vital driver in the microbiome-host interaction, likely through fermentation of end-products or metabolites. In conclusion, the results indicate that microbiome enrichment in response to feeding wheat straw and alfalfa hay might drive microbiome-host crosstalk to regulate rumen function in lambs fed a high-concentrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefyalew Gebeyew
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Mi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiping Du
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Min Gao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Diriba Diba
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Wollega University, Ethiopia
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhixiong He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ren X, Wang L, Yu C, An J, Fu S, Sun H, Zhao M, Te R, Bai X, Yuan J, Liu Y, He J. Impact of oat grain supplementation on growth performance, rumen microbiota, and fatty acid profiles in Hu sheep. Front Microbiol 2025; 16:1528298. [PMID: 40092034 PMCID: PMC11907649 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1528298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays a vital role in animal growth and development. In this study, we explored the impact of oat grain dietary supplementation on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and fatty acids (FAs) in Hu sheep. Thirty-two Hu lambs were randomly assigned to a control group (RC) or an oat grain-supplemented group (RO). After 90 days on their respective diets, rumen digesta were collected from six randomly selected Hu lambs per group to assess microbial diversity, SCFAs, and FAs. The RO diet significantly enhanced growth in Hu sheep (p < 0.01) and increased α-diversity, as indicated by Chao1 and Shannon indices. Core phyla in both groups were Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, with predominant genera including Prevotella, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and F082. Oat grain supplementation led to significant shifts in microbial composition, increasing the abundance of Acidobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteriota, and Subgroup_2, while decreasing Bacteroidota and Oscillospiraceae (p < 0.05). The RO group also exhibited lower levels of isobutyric and citraconic acids but higher levels of azelaic acid (p < 0.05). These results indicate that oat grain supplementation enhances beneficial rumen microbes and optimizes FAs and SCFAs composition, thereby promoting weight gain in Hu sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Ren
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chuanzong Yu
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianghong An
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Shaoyin Fu
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Mengran Zhao
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Rigele Te
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaobo Bai
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingda Yuan
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Yongbin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiangfeng He
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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11
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You W, Cheng H, Hu X, Song E, Jiang F. Capsaicin Modulates Ruminal Fermentation and Bacterial Communities in Beef Cattle with High-Grain Diet-Induced Subacute Ruminal Acidosis. Microorganisms 2025; 13:84. [PMID: 39858852 PMCID: PMC11767826 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 12/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
This study was developed with the goal of exploring the impact of capsaicin on ruminal fermentation and ruminal bacteria in beef cattle affected by high-grain diet-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). In total, 18 healthy Simmental crossbred cattle were randomized into three separate groups (n = 6/group): (1) control diet (CON; forage-to-concentrate ratio = 80:20); (2) high-grain diet (SARA; forage-to-concentrate ratio = 20:80); and (3) high-grain diet supplemented with capsaicin (CAP; 250 mg/cattle/day). The study was conducted over a 60-day period. The results showed that the SARA model was successfully induced in the SARA group with a high-grain diet. Relative to the SARA group, the addition of capsaicin elevated the ruminal pH from 5.40 to 6.36 (p < 0.01), and decreased the total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from 133.95 to 82.86 mmol/L (p < 0.01), aligning closely with the levels observed in the CON group. The addition of capsaicin increased the alpha diversity of ruminal bacteria relative to the SARA group, as evidenced by a lower Simpson index (p < 0.05), together with increases in the Ace, Chao, and Shannon indices (p < 0.05). Bacteroidota and Firmicutes were the most common phyla across all treatment groups, while Prevotella was the predominant genera. The unique bacterial genera (LDA scores > 4) identified within the SARA group comprised Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001, Succinivibrio, NK4A214_group, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, and Ruminococcus, which may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of SARA. The unique genera associated with the CON group included Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, and U29-B03, while those for the CAP group included Succiniclasticum and Prevotellaceae_UCG-004. In summary, these results suggest that dietary capsaicin supplementation can limit the adverse effects of SARA through the modulation of bacterial communities within the rumen, thus altering ruminal fermentation in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei You
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (W.Y.); (H.C.); (X.H.); (E.S.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haijian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (W.Y.); (H.C.); (X.H.); (E.S.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (W.Y.); (H.C.); (X.H.); (E.S.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Enliang Song
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (W.Y.); (H.C.); (X.H.); (E.S.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fugui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (W.Y.); (H.C.); (X.H.); (E.S.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Jinan 250100, China
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12
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Thacharodi A, Hassan S, Ahmed ZHT, Singh P, Maqbool M, Meenatchi R, Pugazhendhi A, Sharma A. The ruminant gut microbiome vs enteric methane emission: The essential microbes may help to mitigate the global methane crisis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119661. [PMID: 39043353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Ruminants release enteric methane into the atmosphere, significantly increasing greenhouse gas emissions and degrading the environment. A common focus of traditional mitigation efforts is on dietary management and manipulation, which may have limits in sustainability and efficacy, exploring the potential of essential microorganisms as a novel way to reduce intestinal methane emissions in ruminants; a topic that has garnered increased attention in recent years. Fermentation and feed digestion are significantly aided by essential microbes found in the rumen, such as bacteria, fungi, and archaea. The practical implications of the findings reported in various studies conducted on rumen gut concerning methane emissions may pave the way to understanding the mechanisms of CH4 production in the rumen to enhance cattle feed efficiency and mitigate CH4 emissions from livestock. This review discussed using essential bacteria to reduce intestinal methane emissions in ruminants. It investigates how particular microbial strains or consortia can alter rumen fermentation pathways to lower methane output while preserving the health and productivity of animals. We also describe the role of probiotics and prebiotics in managing methane emissions using microbial feed additives. Further, recent studies involving microbial interventions have been discussed. The use of new methods involving functional metagenomics and meta-transcriptomics for exploring the rumen microbiome structure has been highlighted. This review also emphasizes the challenges faced in altering the gut microbiome and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Dr. Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India; Future Leaders Mentoring Fellow, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 20036, USA
| | - Z H Tawfeeq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | - Mohsin Maqbool
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ramu Meenatchi
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, AgroInnovationLab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, AgroInnovationLab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico.
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13
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Hou M, Song P, Chen Y, Yang X, Chen P, Cao A, Ni Y. Bile acids supplementation improves colonic mucosal barrier via alteration of bile acids metabolism and gut microbiota composition in goats with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 287:117313. [PMID: 39536567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disease due to feeding high-concentrate (HC) diets to ruminants, especially dairy cows, in intensive farming system. Long term feeding HC diets commonly induce damages to hindgut barrier, leading to the translocation of harmful substances such as endotoxins (LPS) from lumen to blood, which results in a low-grade inflammation and stress response. Secondary bile acids (SBAs) play an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. However, the function of SBAs on the intestinal epithelial barrier in SARA remains unclear. In this study, 15 growing goats were randomly divided into 3 groups, control group (30 % concentrate of dry matter, CON), SARA group (70 % concentrate of dry matter, SARA), and SARA+BAs group (70 % concentrate of dry matte, supplemented with 3 g/d/goat of BAs, SARA+BAs). The changes of mucosal permeability, gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) profile was measured in the colon. The results showed that compared to CON group, the level of plasma D-lactate and diamine oxidase activity (DAO) (P < 0.05) was elevated in SARA group, while BAs supplementation significantly decreased plasma DAO (P < 0.05). The thickness of colonic mucosa, goblet cells (GCs) number (P < 0.01) and the abundance of MUC2 and occludin expression (P < 0.05) were significantly decreased in SARA group, while BAs supplementation markedly increased GCs number and improved mucosal barrier. BAs effectively reduced the content of LPS and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the colonic digesta (P < 0.05). Furthermore, BAs ameliorated SARA-induced reduction of total BAs (P < 0.001), primary BAs (P < 0.05), and conjugated BAs (P < 0.05) including taurocholic acid (TCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), as well as significantly increased hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) contents in colonic digesta. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that BAs decreased the abundance of Prevotella and Treponema, but increased the abundance of Akkermansia which was positively correlated with GCs number and MUC2 abundance. BAs supplementation improved the changes in the abundance of Roseburia, Negativibacillus, Lactobacillus, and unclassified_f_prevotellaceae, which were correlated with TCA, TCDCA, and TDCA levels. RNA-Seq results showed that, compared to SARA group, BAs activated the PPAR signaling pathway which was positively correlated with the number of GCs. In summary, BAs supplementation remodels the profiles of gut microbiota and metabolites, activates the PPAR signaling pathway, and eventually ameliorates intestinal mucosal barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Pin Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoran Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Pengnan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Aizhi Cao
- Industrial Research Institute of Liver Health & Homeostatic Regulation, Shandong Longchang Animal Health Product Co., Ltd., Dezhou 253000, China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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14
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Hou G, You J, Zhuang Y, Gao D, Xu Y, Jiang W, Li S, Zhao X, Chen T, Zhang S, Liu S, Wang W, Li S, Cao Z. Disorders of acid-base balance promote rumen lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in dairy cows by modulating the microbiome. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1492476. [PMID: 39611094 PMCID: PMC11604126 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1492476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disorders of acid-base balance in the rumen of dairy cows have a significant impact on their health and performance. However, the effect of transient differences in pH on susceptibility to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis in dairy cows remains unclear. Methods In this study, milk, serum, and rumen fluid samples from 40 Holstein dairy cows (on d 56 postpartum) with different rumen pH (2-4 h after morning feeding) were explored to investigate the difference of susceptibility to SARA and the correlation between microbiome, LPS and inflammation. These cows were categorized into low pH (LPH, pH ≤ 6.0, n = 20) and high pH (HPH, pH ≥ 6.5, n = 20) groups. Results The results showed that LPH group increased the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate. However, milk yield and milk compositions were unaffected. Compared to the HPH group, the LPH group increased the concentrations of serum BHBA, NEFA, LPS, HIS, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA, and decreased the concentrations of serum IgA, IgM, IgG, SOD, T-AOC, and mTOR. In addition, the LPH group decreased the copies of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and increased the copies of Fibrobacter succinogenes. Microbial community analysis isupplendicated a significant difference in bacterial composition between the two groups. At the phylum level, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes were enriched in the LPH and HPH groups, respectively. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria in the LPH group were Prevotella. Additionally, the LPH group increased the proportions of Gram-negative phenotypes, potentially pathogenic phenotypes and LPS biosynthesis. The close correlation between two key enzymes for LPS synthesis LpxL and LpxM with rumen pH, inflammatory markers, and microorganisms indicates that low pH may increase the risk of inflammation by facilitating the lysis of Gram-negative bacteria and the release of penta-acylated LPS. Penta-acylated and hexa-acylated LPS may be mainly derived from Prevotella and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001, respectively. Discussion Overall, these results support the notion that transient low pH could reflect the risk of cows suffering from SARA and associated inflammation and is strongly associated with penta-acylated LPS. Our findings provide new insights into ruminant health improvement and disease prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtao You
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Sumin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, International Calf and Heifer Organization, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Savela MFB, Vieira LV, Fischer JG, Komninou ER, Del Pino FAB, Brauner CC, Barbosa AA, Silveira AP, Boer GS, Corrêa MN. Comparison of marine algae-based rumen buffer with sodium bicarbonate buffer and its role in increasing milk value. J DAIRY RES 2024; 91:391-396. [PMID: 40044611 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029925000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of marine-based rumen buffer (Lithothamnium calcareum) supplementation on rumen health as well as milk yield and composition and also behavioural and metabolic parameters of dairy cows. Thirty-six lactating multiparous Holstein cows were used with a milk yield average of 39 kg/d and 64 d in milk. The experiment was conducted over 60 d using two groups: control (CON; n = 18) was supplemented with sodium bicarbonate at 1.1% dry matter and a treatment group that received Lithothamnium calcareum at 0.5% of dry matter (LITHO; n = 18). Each group was fed daily with the buffers mixed to the total mixed ration containing 29.28% starch. Ruminal fluid collections were performed weekly to evaluate pH and volatile fatty acids. Feeding behaviour data were obtained through automatic feeders, while overall behavioural data were obtained using monitoring collars. Milk yield was recorded daily and adjusted for fat and energy. Milk samples were retrieved once weekly for analysis of fat, protein, lactose and total solids. Blood samples were collected weekly for metabolic analysis and faecal samples were collected weekly to evaluate pH and starch concentrations. LITHO produced more fat- and energy-corrected milk (P ≤ 0.01) as well as the highest percentage of fat and solids (P < 0.05) when compared to the CON group. Data on feeding behaviour showed an increased eating time (P ≤ 0.01) in the LITHO group but a higher eating rate (P < 0.01) in the CON group. Animals from the LITHO group had lower faecal pH (P < 0.05). The treatment did not affect dry matter intake, animal behaviour, ruminal acid-base balance, or faecal starch. In summary, Lithothamnium calcareum supplementation at 0.5% of dry matter improved milk yield, milk composition and, presumably, feed conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magna F B Savela
- Research, Teaching and Extension Center in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96160-000, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Laura V Vieira
- Research, Teaching and Extension Center in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96160-000, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline G Fischer
- Research, Teaching and Extension Center in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96160-000, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Eliza R Komninou
- Research, Teaching and Extension Center in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96160-000, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Francisco A B Del Pino
- Research, Teaching and Extension Center in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96160-000, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cássio C Brauner
- Research, Teaching and Extension Center in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96160-000, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Antônio A Barbosa
- Research, Teaching and Extension Center in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96160-000, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alysson P Silveira
- Research, Teaching and Extension Center in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96160-000, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Graziela S Boer
- Research, Teaching and Extension Center in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96160-000, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marcio N Corrêa
- Research, Teaching and Extension Center in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96160-000, Pelotas, Brazil
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Wu D, He X, Lu Y, Gao Z, Chong Y, Hong J, Wu J, Deng W, Xi D. Effects of Different Dietary Combinations on Blood Biochemical Indicators and Rumen Microbial Ecology in Wenshan Cattle. Microorganisms 2024; 12:2154. [PMID: 39597543 PMCID: PMC11596565 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous optimization of feed ingredients in livestock production, barley has garnered significant attention as a potential substitute for corn in feed. This study aims to investigate the effects of replacing part of the corn and soybean meal with barley, wheat bran, and rapeseed meal on Wenshan cattle, focusing on the rumen microbial community, blood physiological and biochemical indicators, and growth traits. Through an intensive feeding experiment with two different dietary ratios, we found that adding barley to the diet significantly reduced the host's blood lipid concentration and significantly increased the height, body length, heart girth, and average daily weight gain of Wenshan cattle. Analysis of the rumen microbial community structure showed that the addition of barley significantly affected the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, with the relative abundance of Spirochaetes being significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The dominant bacterial groups mainly included Acinetobacter, Solibacillus, and Lysinibacillus. In summary, this study reveals the potential of different feed ingredient ratios involving barley, wheat bran, and rapeseed meal in the production performance of Wenshan cattle. By regulating blood physiology and improving the rumen micro-ecological structure, it provides new scientific evidence for optimizing livestock and poultry feeding management strategies. Future research will further explore the optimal application ratio of barley under different feeding conditions and its long-term impact on animal health and production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongmei Xi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (D.W.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (Z.G.); (Y.C.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (W.D.)
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17
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Vieira LV, Savela MFB, Rahal NM, Barbosa AA, Saraiva DR, Del Pino FAB, Rabassa VR, Komninou ER, Brauner CC, Langwinski D, Souza A, Corrêa MN. An assessment on the effects of buffers on the productive, behavioral and metabolic parameters of Holstein dairy cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:255. [PMID: 39240410 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of supplementing sodium bicarbonate or a commercial blend of buffering agents (BBA) comprising calcareous calcitic, magnesium oxide, calcareous algae, and sodium bicarbonate on the productive, behavioral and metabolic parameters of Holstein cows fed starchy diets. Over a 60-day trial period, thirty-six multiparous cows with an average milk yield of 38.84 ± 9.24 kg/day and 63.74 ± 18.63 days in milk (DIM), were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n = 18) received a supplementation of 1.1% dry matter (DM) of sodium bicarbonate (Raudi®, Totalmix, Brazil), while the BBA group (n = 18) was administered with 0.5% DM of a blend of buffering agents (Equalizer®, Nutron/Cargill, Brazil). The mean values of ruminal pH (control 6.80 ± 0.06 and BBA 6.77 ± 0.06; P > 0.05) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production (control: acetate 62.63 ± 1.29%, propionate 22.99 ± 1.07%, butyrate 14.30 ± 0.52%; BBA: acetate 63.07 ± 1.32%, propionate 23.47 ± 1.10%, butyrate 13.70 ± 0.57%), were similar (P > 0,05) between the two groups. The value of faecal pH was higher (P < 0.05) in the BBA group (6.25 ± 0.02) than the control group (6.12 ± 0.02). Animals treated with BBA exhibited lower (P < 0,05) dry matter intake (DMI) (24.75 ± 0.64 kg/day), higher feed efficiency (FE) (1.64 ± 0.03), and reduced feeding frequency (52.89 ± 3.73 n°/day) than the control group (DMI, 26.75 ± 0.62 kg/day; FE, 1.50 ± 0.03; feeding frequency, 66.07 ± 3.64 n°/day). Milk production remained similar across both groups (control, 39.11 ± 0.92 kg/day and BBA, 39.87 ± 0.92 kg/day; P > 0.05). Notably, the control group displayed a higher (P < 0,05) concentration of milk protein (1.21 ± 0.05 kg/day) than the BBA (1.18 ± 0.05 kg/day) group. The study concluded that both treatments effectively buffered the rumen and mitigated the risk of ruminal acidosis. Moreover, the higher faecal pH in the BBA-treated group suggests potential intestinal action attributable to the synergistic effects of diverse additives with buffering properties. Despite a reduced DMI, BBA-treated animals exhibited improved FE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valadão Vieira
- Center for Research, Teaching and Extension in Animal Science (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Magna Fabrícia Brasil Savela
- Center for Research, Teaching and Extension in Animal Science (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natália Machado Rahal
- Center for Research, Teaching and Extension in Animal Science (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antônio Amaral Barbosa
- Center for Research, Teaching and Extension in Animal Science (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diego Rodrigues Saraiva
- Center for Research, Teaching and Extension in Animal Science (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francisco Augusto Burkert Del Pino
- Center for Research, Teaching and Extension in Animal Science (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Viviane Rohrig Rabassa
- Center for Research, Teaching and Extension in Animal Science (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliza Rossi Komninou
- Center for Research, Teaching and Extension in Animal Science (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cássio Cassal Brauner
- Center for Research, Teaching and Extension in Animal Science (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diego Langwinski
- Center for Research, Teaching and Extension in Animal Science (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Souza
- Center for Research, Teaching and Extension in Animal Science (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcio Nunes Corrêa
- Center for Research, Teaching and Extension in Animal Science (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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18
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Bashar MK, Sarker NR, Sultana N, Hossain SMJ. Assessment of GHG emissions in dairy production systems based on existing feed resources through the GLEAM model under different climatic zones of Bangladesh and their mitigation options. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11:664-674. [PMID: 39605766 PMCID: PMC11590580 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2024.k816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The current study evaluated the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of dairy cattle through the Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM) model and illustrated potential mitigation strategies by modifying nutrition interventions. Materials and Methods A semi-structural questionnaire was developed to calculate dairy animal GHG emissions. This study comprised 40 farmers from four districts: river basin (Pabna), drought-prone (Chapainobabganj), floodplain (Nilphamari), and saline-prone (Sathkhira) areas. Ten lactating cows (two cows from each farmer) were also selected to collect information on feeding practices, feed resources, feed intake (roughages and concentrate), water intake, and productive and reproductive parameters for 7 days at each site during two seasons: dry (November-February) and wet (June-October). Results The GHG emissions from the river basin area were significantly (p < 0.05) higher due to low-quality roughages (75%), whereas CH4/kg of milk production was the lowest (77.0 gm). In contrast, the area that frequently experiences drought showed a different pattern. For instance, the generation of CH4 from enteric fermentation was 1187.4 tons/year, while the production of CH4 and N2O from manure management was 323.1 tons/year and 4.86 tons/year, respectively. In comparison to other climatic areas, these values were the lowest because the supply of green grass was twice as abundant as in the other climatic areas (40%). The quantity of CH4/kg of milk produced in an area susceptible to drought did not vary. Conclusion Implementing feeding systems in drought-prone areas is a successful approach to reducing GHG emissions in the dairy industry in Bangladesh. Consequently, implementing feed-balancing techniques can enhance productivity and foster environmentally sustainable animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nasrin Sultana
- Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Bangladesh
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Tan P, Yang J, Yi F, Mei L, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhao B, Wang J. Strontium Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammation via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway in Bovine Ruminal Epithelial Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3988-3998. [PMID: 38057485 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common nutritional metabolic disease in ruminants that causes significant economic losses to dairy farming. Strontium (Sr) is known to be involved in bone metabolism and exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects. To evaluate the effect of Sr on inflammation in bovine ruminal epithelial cells, a model of LPS-induced inflammation was established in this study, and the cell viability of bovine ruminal epithelial cells was measured using CCK-8. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured by ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. The related proteins of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway were assayed through Western blotting, and the fluorescence of p-p65 and p-IκB were assayed by immunofluorescence. Molecular docking of Sr and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-related proteins was performed using MIB2 ( http://bioinfo.cmu.edu.tw/MIB2/ ). Results showed that after treatment for 24 h, the cell viability was decreased at the high concentration of Sr (≥ 10 mmol/L). Sr significantly decreased the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, downregulated the related proteins expression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, and reduced the fluorescence levels of p-p65 and p-IκB. The NF-κB pathway inhibitor PDTC and molecular docking further revealed that Sr reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. These results suggest that Sr reduces LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, thereby exerting an anti-inflammatory effect in bovine ruminal epithelial cells, providing a basis for Sr in the treatment of bovine rumen acidosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanxuan Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linshan Mei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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20
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Wang X, Zhou J, Lu M, Zhao S, Li W, Quan G, Xue B. Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Barrier and Microflora in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2525. [PMID: 39272310 PMCID: PMC11394055 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary energy is crucial for ruminants' performance and health. To determine optimal dietary energy levels for growing sheep, we evaluated their growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, barrier function, and microbiota under varying metabolic energy (ME) diets. Forty-five growing Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep, aged 10 months and weighing 30.8 ± 1.9 kg, were randomly allocated to five treatments, each receiving diets with ME levels of 8.0, 8.6, 9.2, 9.8 or 10.4 MJ/kg. The results showed that with increasing dietary energy, the average daily gain (ADG) as well as the digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) increased (p < 0.05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased linearly (p = 0.01). The concentration of total VFA (p = 0.03) and propionate (p = 0.01) in the rumen increased linearly, while rumen pH (p < 0.01) and the acetate-propionate ratio (p = 0.01) decreased linearly. Meanwhile, the protein contents of Claudin-4, Claudin-7, Occludin and ZO-1 as well as the relative mRNA expression of Claudin-4 and Occludin also increased (p < 0.05). In addition, rumen bacterial diversity decreased with the increase of dietary energy, and the relative abundance of some bacteria (like Saccharofermentans, Prevotella and Succiniclasticum) changed. In conclusion, increasing dietary energy levels enhanced growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and barrier function, and altered the rumen bacterial community distribution. The optimal dietary ME for these parameters in sheep at this growth stage was between 9.8 and 10.4 MJ/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Mingli Lu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shoupei Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weijuan Li
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Guobo Quan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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21
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Benito-Díaz A, Sarmiento-García A, García-García JJ, Vieira C, Domínguez E, Bodas Rodríguez R, Gómez-Gordo L, Vicente-Galindo P. Statistical approaches for assessing meat quality and heifer rumen histology based on dietary forage. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1416365. [PMID: 39170637 PMCID: PMC11337225 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1416365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feeding local forages to ruminants is a promising strategy for enhancing metabolic processes, promoting sustainable farming, and improving product quality. However, studies comparing the effects of different forages on rumen histology and meat attributes of heifers are limited and variable. Material and methods This study evaluated the benefits of incorporating local forages into heifer diets by comparing barley straw (BS) and oat hay (OH) on heifer attributes focusing on meat quality (MQ) and rumen status (RS). Sixteen crossbred (Charolais x Limousin) female heifers (7 months of age, 263 ± 10.50 kg) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (BS or OH) over 120 days. Results and discussion Heifers fed OH showed enhanced RS (p < 0.05), characterized by improved intestinal epithelial integrity and a lower percentage of hyperpigmented cells, suggesting a potential reduction in inflammatory processes compared to BS, which may indicate a lower risk of metabolic diseases. Despite this, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in animal performance, chemical composition, and technological properties of the meat between the dietary groups, while lower levels (p < 0.05) of certain saturated fatty acids (C12:0, C15:0, and C22:0) were found in the meat from heifers fed OH. Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced the variables and demonstrated that all variables assessed can be condensed into four new variables explaining 75.06% of the variability. Moreover, biplot analysis reveals that the OH diet could be discriminated from BS. Our findings suggest that OH is a valuable fiber source, positively influencing certain heifer attributes, and supporting sustainable animal agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Benito-Díaz
- Línea de Investigación en Rumiantes, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Sarmiento-García
- Área de Producción Animal, Departamento de Construcción y Agronomía, Facultad de Agricultura y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan José García-García
- Línea de Investigación en Rumiantes, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ceferina Vieira
- Estación Tecnológica de la Carne, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esperanza Domínguez
- Línea de Investigación en Rumiantes, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Bodas Rodríguez
- Línea de Investigación en Rumiantes, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Gómez-Gordo
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Antanaitis R, Džermeikaitė K, Krištolaitytė J, Stankevičius R, Daunoras G, Televičius M, Malašauskienė D, Cook J, Viora L. Changes in Parameters Registered by Innovative Technologies in Cows with Subclinical Acidosis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1883. [PMID: 38997995 PMCID: PMC11240606 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of this study was that there were changes in biomarkers registered by innovative technologies in cows with subclinical acidosis. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the in-line milk fat-to-protein ratio and cow feeding behaviors such as reticulorumen pH, reticulorumen temperature, cow activity, and water intake with subclinical acidosis. From a total of 98 cows, 59 cows were selected to meet the following criteria (2 or more lactations, with 31 days in milk (DIM)). The selected animals were separated into two groups based on general clinical examination and reticulorumen pH: the subclinical acidosis group (SCA, n = 23) and the healthy group (HC, n = 36). During the diagnosis of subclinical acidosis and following the clinical examination of the healthy group using the BROLIS HerdLine system, the daily averages of milk yield (kg/day), milk fat (%), milk protein (%), and the milk fat-to-protein ratio were recorded. Simultaneously, by using Smaxtec technology, reticulorumen parameters and cow activity, including pH, temperature (°C), rumination time (minutes/day), and water intake (hours/day), were registered. Changes in parameters measured using innovative technologies were able to identify cows with subclinical acidosis. Cows with subclinical acidosis had a lower reticulorumen pH by 18.8% (p < 0.0001), a decreased milk yield by 10.49% (p < 0.001), a lower milk fat-to-protein ratio by 11.88% (p < 0.01), and a decreased rumination time by 6.59% (p < 0.01). However, the activity of these cows was higher by 57.19% (p < 0.001) compared to healthy cows. From a practical point of view, we suggest that veterinarians and farmers track parameters such as reticulorumen pH, milk yield, milk fat-to-protein ratio, rumination time, and activity for the identification of subclinical acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramūnas Antanaitis
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.D.); (J.K.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Karina Džermeikaitė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.D.); (J.K.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Justina Krištolaitytė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.D.); (J.K.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Rolandas Stankevičius
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Gintaras Daunoras
- L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Mindaugas Televičius
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.D.); (J.K.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Dovilė Malašauskienė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.D.); (J.K.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
| | - John Cook
- RCVS Recognised Specialist Cattle Health and Production, Technical Veterinarian, Avenida de los Robles Visalia, Visalia, CA 93291, USA;
| | - Lorenzo Viora
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
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23
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Tharwat M, Alkhedhairi S, El Tigani-Asil ETA. Clinical predictive significance of biomarker molecules elevation during the transition period in cattle suffering from different pathological states: A review. Open Vet J 2024; 14:1345-1357. [PMID: 39055757 PMCID: PMC11268916 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition period (TP), which extends from 3 weeks before 3 weeks post parturition, is a critical period regarding the health, productivity, and profitability of dairy animals, during which most health disorders arise, including lameness, mastitis, rumen acidosis, ketosis, hypocalcemia (HC) (milk fever), left-displaced abomasum, fatty liver, hypophosphatemia and post-parturient hemoglobinuria, subacute ruminal acidosis, RP, and metritis. Biomarkers are biological molecules distributed in blood, body fluids, or tissues that represent physiological or pathophysiological indicators of events, processes, or conditions happening within the animal's body. In the field of veterinary medicine, biomarkers are thought to have enormous valuable potential in the field of clinical diagnosis, therapeutical research, surgery, and obstetrical outcome. This review article aims to explore the significance of biomarkers used to predict pathological conditions and health status of cattle during the TP to facilitate the early clinical diagnosis and prompt treatment of TP-related diseases/or conditions and thus improve animal welfare and health and increase productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tharwat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Saleh Alkhedhairi
- Department of Medical Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - El Tigani Ahmed El Tigani-Asil
- Biosecurity Affairs Division, Development & Innovation Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Ma N, Guo J, Li Z, Xu L, Zhang K, Xu T, Chang G, Loor JJ, Shen X. Disturbances of Ruminal Microbiota and Liver Inflammation, Mediated by LPS and Histamine, in Dairy Cows Fed a High-Concentrate Diet. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1495. [PMID: 38791713 PMCID: PMC11117260 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The ecosystem of ruminal microbiota profoundly affects the health and milk production of dairy cows. High-concentrate diets are widely used in dairy farms and evoke a series of metabolic disorders. Several studies have reported the effects of high-concentrate diets on the ruminal microbiome, while the effect of changes in ruminal microbial flora, induced by high-concentrate diet feeding, on the liver of dairy cows has not been studied before. In this study, 12 mid-lactating Holstein Friesian cows (weight of 455 ± 28 kg; parities of 2.5 ± 0.5; starting milk yield of 31.59 ± 3.2 kg/d; DMI of 21.7 ± 1.1 kg/d; and a DIM at the start of the experiment of 135 ± 28 d) were fitted with ruminal fistulas, as well as with portal and hepatic vein catheters. All cows were randomly divided into 2 groups; then, they fed with low-concentrate diets (LC, concentrate: forage = 40:60) and high-concentrate diets (HC, concentrate: forage = 60:40) for 18 weeks. The forage sources were corn silage and alfalfa hay. After the cows of two groups were euthanized over two consecutive days, ruminal microbiota; the concentration of LPS in the rumen content; cecum content; the levels of blood and histamine in rumen fluid, blood, and the liver; the histopathological status of the rumen and cecum; and the inflammatory response of the liver were assessed in dairy cows under conditions of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). These conditions were caused by high-concentrate diet feeding. All data were analyzed using the independent t-test in SPSS. The results showed that high-concentrate diet feeding increased the concentration of LPS and histamine in the rumen and plasma of veins (p < 0.05). The abundance of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level, and of both Bacteroidetes and Saccharibacteria at the genus level, was decreased, while the abundance of Firmicutes at the phylum level and Oscillibacter at the genus level was increased by high-concentrate diet feeding. The decreased pH values of ruminal contents (LC = 6.02, HC = 5.90, p < 0.05) and the increased level of LPS in the rumen (LC = 4.921 × 105, HC = 7.855 × 105 EU/mL, p < 0.05) and cecum (LC = 11.960 × 105, HC = 13.115 × 105 EU/mL, p < 0.01) induced the histopathological destruction of the rumen and cecum, combined with the increased mRNA expression of IL-1β (p < 0.05). The histamine receptor H1R and the NF-κB signaling pathway were activated in the liver samples taken from the HC group. In conclusion, the elevated concentrations of LPS and histamine in the gut may be related to changes in the ruminal microbiota. LPS and histamine induced the inflammatory response in the ruminal epithelium, cecum epithelium, and liver. However, the cause-effect mechanism needs to be proved in future research. Our study offers a novel therapeutic strategy by manipulating ruminal microbiota and metabolism to decrease LPS and histamine release and to improve the health of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ma
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (L.X.); (K.Z.); (T.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Junfei Guo
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (L.X.); (K.Z.); (T.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Zhenfu Li
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (L.X.); (K.Z.); (T.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Lei Xu
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (L.X.); (K.Z.); (T.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Kai Zhang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (L.X.); (K.Z.); (T.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Tianle Xu
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (L.X.); (K.Z.); (T.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Guangjun Chang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (L.X.); (K.Z.); (T.X.); (G.C.)
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.M.); (J.G.); (Z.L.); (L.X.); (K.Z.); (T.X.); (G.C.)
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Wang J, Shi L, Zhang X, Hu R, Yue Z, Zou H, Peng Q, Jiang Y, Wang Z. Metabolomics and proteomics insights into subacute ruminal acidosis etiology and inhibition of proliferation of yak rumen epithelial cells in vitro. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:394. [PMID: 38649832 PMCID: PMC11036571 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untargeted metabolomics and proteomics were employed to investigate the intracellular response of yak rumen epithelial cells (YRECs) to conditions mimicking subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) etiology, including exposure to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), low pH5.5 (Acid), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure for 24 h. RESULTS These treatments significantly altered the cellular morphology of YRECs. Metabolomic analysis identified significant perturbations with SCFA, Acid and LPS treatment affecting 259, 245 and 196 metabolites (VIP > 1, P < 0.05, and fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5 or FC ≤ 0.667). Proteomic analysis revealed that treatment with SCFA, Acid, and LPS resulted in differential expression of 1251, 1396, and 242 proteins, respectively (FC ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83, P < 0.05, FDR < 1%). Treatment with SCFA induced elevated levels of metabolites involved in purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis, and dysregulated proteins associated with actin cytoskeleton organization and ribosome pathways. Furthermore, SCFA reduced the number, morphology, and functionality of mitochondria, leading to oxidative damage and inhibition of cell survival. Gene expression analysis revealed a decrease the genes expression of the cytoskeleton and cell cycle, while the genes expression associated with inflammation and autophagy increased (P < 0.05). Acid exposure altered metabolites related to purine metabolism, and affected proteins associated with complement and coagulation cascades and RNA degradation. Acid also leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in mitochondrial integrity, and reduced ATP generation. It also causes actin filaments to change from filamentous to punctate, affecting cellular cytoskeletal function, and increases inflammation-related molecules, indicating the promotion of inflammatory responses and cellular damage (P < 0.05). LPS treatment induced differential expression of proteins involved in the TNF signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, accompanied by alterations in metabolites associated with arachidonic acid metabolism and MAPK signaling (P < 0.05). The inflammatory response and activation of signaling pathways induced by LPS treatment were also confirmed through protein interaction network analysis. The integrated analysis reveals co-enrichment of proteins and metabolites in cellular signaling and metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the detrimental effects of SARA-associated factors on YRECs, elucidating their molecular mechanisms and providing potential therapeutic targets for mitigating SARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunMei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liyuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ziqi Yue
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yahui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Wu Y, Gao N, Sun C, Feng T, Liu Q, Chen WH. A compendium of ruminant gastrointestinal phage genomes revealed a higher proportion of lytic phages than in any other environments. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:69. [PMID: 38576042 PMCID: PMC10993611 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruminants are important livestock animals that have a unique digestive system comprising multiple stomach compartments. Despite significant progress in the study of microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) sites of ruminants, we still lack an understanding of the viral community of ruminants. Here, we surveyed its viral ecology using 2333 samples from 10 sites along the GIT of 8 ruminant species. RESULTS We present the Unified Ruminant Phage Catalogue (URPC), a comprehensive survey of phages in the GITs of ruminants including 64,922 non-redundant phage genomes. We characterized the distributions of the phage genomes in different ruminants and GIT sites and found that most phages were organism-specific. We revealed that ~ 60% of the ruminant phages were lytic, which was the highest as compared with those in all other environments and certainly will facilitate their applications in microbial interventions. To further facilitate the future applications of the phages, we also constructed a comprehensive virus-bacteria/archaea interaction network and identified dozens of phages that may have lytic effects on methanogenic archaea. CONCLUSIONS The URPC dataset represents a useful resource for future microbial interventions to improve ruminant production and ecological environmental qualities. Phages have great potential for controlling pathogenic bacterial/archaeal species and reducing methane emissions. Our findings provide insights into the virome ecology research of the ruminant GIT and offer a starting point for future research on phage therapy in ruminants. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Center for Artificial Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chuqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Center for Artificial Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Tong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Center for Artificial Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Center for Artificial Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
- Institution of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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Yu Y, Zi Y, Fu R, Fu B, Li C, Lv Y, Li Z, Wang H, Leng J. Effects of dietary energy levels on microorganisms and short-chain fatty acids of rumen and tight junction proteins in Honghe Yellow cattle. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1335818. [PMID: 38628860 PMCID: PMC11018944 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1335818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary energy levels on microorganisms and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of rumen and the expression of tight junction proteins in Honghe Yellow cattle. A total of fifteen male Honghe Yellow cattle were randomly divided into three treatments (five replicates per treatment), consisting of formulated energy concentrations of 5.90 MJ/kg (high-energy diet, group H), 5.60 MJ/kg (medium-energy diet, group M) and 5.30 MJ/kg (low-energy diet, group L). The results showed that compared with group H, the expression of Claudin-1 in rumen epithelium of groups M and L was increased, but the expression of ZO-1 was decreased (p < 0.05). Moreover, compared with group H, group M down-regulated the expression of Occludin and Claudin-1 in the brain (p < 0.05). For rumen bacteria, the dominant phyla included Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the abundance of Actinobacteriota in groups M and L was significantly increased compared with group H (p < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Corynebacterium, Eubacterium_nodatum_group and Neisseraceae in groups M and L was significantly decreased compared with group H (p < 0.05). For rumen fungi, the dominant phyla included Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and Neocariastigomycota, the relative abundance of Ascomycetes was significantly higher than that of groups M and L compared with group H (p < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Neocelimastigaceae and Myceliophthora in groups M and L was significantly reduced compared with group H (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of Claudin-1 in rumen epithelium was significantly positively correlated with Actinobacteriota, Corynebacterium and Neisseriaceae. The expression of ZO-1 in the spinal cord was significantly positively correlated with Myceliophthora. The expression of Occludin in brain was positively correlated with valerate content (p < 0.05). In summary, dietary energy levels affected the rumen microbiota of Honghe Yellow cattle. The expression of Claudin-1 in rumen epithelium and the total SCFAs concentration were increased with decreasing dietary energy levels, but the expression of Claudin-1 in brain and ZO-1 in the spinal cord were reduced with decreasing dietary energy levels. Meanwhile, the rumen microbiota and SCFAs were significantly correlated with the expression of TJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yujie Zi
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Runqi Fu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Binlong Fu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chenghuan Li
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yaqi Lv
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huayu Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Zheng W, Duan H, Cao L, Mao S, Shen J. Acid-base properties of non-protein nitrogen affect nutrients intake, rumen fermentation and antioxidant capacity of fattening Hu sheep. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1381871. [PMID: 38596467 PMCID: PMC11002212 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1381871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study conducted a comparison of the effects of non-protein nitrogen with different acid-base properties on feed intake, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and antioxidant capacity in fattening Hu sheep. Sixteen fattening male sheep (31.43 ± 2.41 kg) with permanent rumen cannulas were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: 1% urea and 1.78% ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, AC). A 42 days experimental period was conducted, with 14 days for adaptation and 28 days for treatment. Daily feed intake was recorded and various samples including feed, feces, rumen fluid, and blood were collected at different time points during the final week. The results indicated that the urea group had significantly higher dry matter intake, average daily gain, and gain efficiency in comparison to the AC group (p < 0.01). There was no difference in rumen pH and concentration of ammonia nitrogen between different groups (p > 0.05), but the rumen pH of urea group was higher than that of the AC group at 1 and 3 h after feeding (p < 0.05). The urea group exhibited higher concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and individual VFAs compared to the AC group at all-time points (p < 0.01). Compared to the urea group, the intake of all nutrients decreased in the AC group (p < 0.01), but the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter increased significantly (p < 0.01), and the digestibility of CP had an increasing trend (p = 0.06) in the AC group. Additionally, the urea group had lower levels of serum glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, Cl, total protein and globulin than the AC group (p < 0.05). The overall levels of HCO3-, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, albumin/globulin, blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol in the urea group increased significantly compared to the AC group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that adding urea to the high-concentrate diet resulted in increased rumen pH and improved rumen fermentation and growth performance in fattening sheep compared to NH4Cl addition. Furthermore, urea addition improved sheep's antioxidant capacity and maintained their acid-base balance more effectively as compared to NH4Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Zheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Duan
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liwen Cao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junshi Shen
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Džermeikaitė K, Krištolaitytė J, Antanaitis R. Relationship between Dairy Cow Health and Intensity of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:829. [PMID: 38539927 PMCID: PMC10967422 DOI: 10.3390/ani14060829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The dairy industry is facing criticism for its role in exacerbating global GHG emissions, as climate change becomes an increasingly pressing issue. These emissions mostly originate from methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). An optimal strategy involves the creation of an economical monitoring device to evaluate methane emissions from dairy animals. Livestock production systems encounter difficulties because of escalating food demand and environmental concerns. Enhancing animal productivity via nutrition, feeding management, reproduction, or genetics can result in a decrease in CH4 emissions per unit of meat or milk. This CH4 unit approach allows for a more accurate comparison of emissions across different animal production systems, considering variations in productivity. Expressing methane emissions per unit allows for easier comparison between different sources of emissions. Expressing emissions per unit (e.g., per cow) highlights the relative impact of these sources on the environment. By quantifying emissions on a per unit basis, it becomes easier to identify high-emission sources and target mitigation efforts accordingly. Many environmental policies and regulations focus on reducing emissions per unit of activity or output. By focusing on emissions per unit, policymakers and producers can work together to implement practices that lower emissions without sacrificing productivity. Expressing methane emissions in this way aligns with policy goals aimed at curbing overall greenhouse gas emissions. While it is true that total emissions affect the atmosphere globally, breaking down emissions per unit helps to understand the specific contributions of different activities and sectors to overall greenhouse gas emissions. Tackling cattle health issues can increase productivity, reduce GHG emissions, and improve animal welfare. Addressing livestock health issues can also provide favourable impacts on human health by reducing the prevalence of infectious illnesses in livestock, thereby mitigating the likelihood of zoonotic infections transmitting to humans. The progress in animal health offers the potential for a future in which the likelihood of animal diseases is reduced because of improved immunity, more effective preventative techniques, earlier identification, and innovative treatments. The primary objective of veterinary medicine is to eradicate clinical infectious diseases in small groups of animals. However, as the animal population grows, the emphasis shifts towards proactive treatment to tackle subclinical diseases and enhance production. Proactive treatment encompasses the consistent monitoring and implementation of preventive measures, such as vaccination and adherence to appropriate nutrition. Through the implementation of these measures, the livestock industry may enhance both animal well-being and mitigate the release of methane and nitrous oxide, thereby fostering environmental sustainability. In addition, advocating for sustainable farming methods and providing farmers with education on the significance of mitigating GHG emissions can bolster the industry's endeavours to tackle climate change and infectious illnesses. This will result in a more robust and environmentally sustainable agriculture industry. This review seeks to conduct a thorough examination of the correlation between the health condition of cattle, the composition of milk produced, and the emissions of methane gas. It aims to identify areas where research is lacking and to provide guidance for future scientific investigations, policy making, and industry practices. The goal is to address the difficulties associated with methane emissions in the cattle industry. The primary global health challenge is to identify the causative relationship between climate change and infectious illnesses. Reducing CH4 and N2O emissions from digestive fermentation and animal manure can be achieved by improving animal well-being and limiting disease and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Džermeikaitė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuania University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.K.); (R.A.)
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Tufarelli V, Puvača N, Glamočić D, Pugliese G, Colonna MA. The Most Important Metabolic Diseases in Dairy Cattle during the Transition Period. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:816. [PMID: 38473200 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of three critical metabolic diseases affecting dairy cattle such as subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), ketosis, and hypocalcemia. SARA represents a disorder of ruminal fermentation that is characterized by extended periods of depressed ruminal pH below 5.5-5.6. In the long term, dairy herds experiencing SARA usually exhibit secondary signs of the disease, such as episodes of laminitis, weight loss and poor body condition despite adequate energy intake, and unexplained abscesses usually 3-6 months after an episode of SARA. Depressed milk-fat content is commonly used as a diagnostic tool for SARA. A normal milk-fat test in Holstein dairy cows is >4%, so a milk-fat test of <3% can indicate SARA. However, bulk tank testing of milk fat is inappropriate to diagnose SARA at the herd level, so when >4 cows out of 12 and <60 days in milk are suspected to have SARA it can be considered that the herd has a problem. The rapid or abrupt introduction of fresh cows to high-concentrate diets is the most common cause of SARA. Changes in ruminal bacterial populations when exposed to higher concentrate rations require at least about 3 weeks, and it is recommended that concentrate levels increase by no more than 400 g/day during this period to avoid SARA. Ketosis, a prevalent metabolic disorder in dairy cattle, is scrutinized with a focus on its etiological factors and the physiological changes leading to elevated ketone bodies. In total mix ration-fed herds, an increased risk of mastitis and reduced fertility are usually the first clinical signs of ketosis. All dairy cows in early lactation are at risk of ketosis, with most cases occurring in the first 2-4 weeks of lactation. Cows with a body condition score ≥3.75 on a 5-point scale at calving are at a greater risk of ketosis than those with lower body condition scores. The determination of serum or whole blood acetone, acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and liver biopsies is considered the best way to detect and monitor subclinical ketosis, while urine or milk cowside tests can also be used in on-farm monitoring programs. Concentrations >1.0 mmol/L or 1.4 mmol/L blood or serum BHB are considered diagnostic of subclinical ketosis. The standard threshold used for blood is 1.2 mmol/L, which corresponds to thresholds of 100 mcmol/L for milk and 15 mg/dL for urine. Oral administration of propylene glycol (250-400 g, every 24 h for 3-5 days) is the standard and most efficacious treatment, as well as additional therapy with bolus glucose treatment. Hypocalcemia is a disease of adult dairy cows in which acute hypocalcemia causes acute to peracute, afebrile, flaccid paralysis that occurs most commonly at or soon after parturition. Dairy cows are at considerable risk for hypocalcemia at the onset of lactation, when daily calcium excretion suddenly increases from about 10 g to 30 g per day. Cows with hypocalcemia have a more profound decrease in blood calcium concentration-typically below 5.5 mg/dL. The prevention of parturient paresis has been historically approached by feeding cows low-calcium diets during the dry period. Negative calcium balance triggers calcium mobilization before calving and better equips the cow to respond to the massive calcium needs at the onset of lactation. Calcium intake must be limited to <20 g per day for calcium restriction to be effective. The most practical and proven method for monitoring hypocalcemia is by feeding cows an acidogenic diet for ~3 weeks before calving. Throughout the review, emphasis is placed on the importance of early diagnosis and proactive management strategies to mitigate the impact of these metabolic diseases on dairy cattle health and productivity. The comprehensive nature of this paper aims to serve as a valuable resource for veterinarians, researchers, and dairy farmers seeking a deeper understanding of these prevalent metabolic disorders in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Nikola Puvača
- Laboratory for Food Quality and Toxicology, Department of Engineering Management in Biotechnology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management, University of Business Academy in Novi Sad, 21107 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragan Glamočić
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gianluca Pugliese
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
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Zuo RK, Wang C, Yu ZY, Shi HM, Song XK, Zhou SD, Ma NN, Chang GJ, Shen XZ. A high concentrate diet inhibits forkhead box protein A2 expression, and induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial unfolded protein response in the liver of dairy cows. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106570. [PMID: 38341108 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
High-concentrate diet induce subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and cause liver damage in ruminants. It has been reported that forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) can enhance mitochondrial membrane potential but its function in mitochondrial dysfunction induced by high concentrate diets is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of high-concentrate (HC) diet on hepatic FOXA2 expression, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. A total of 12 healthy mid-lactation Holstein cows were selected and randomized into 2 groups: the low concentrate (LC) diet group (concentrate:forage = 4:6) and HC diet group (concentrate:forage = 6:4). The trial lasted 21 d. The rumen fluid, blood and liver tissue were collected at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the rumen fluid pH level was reduced in the HC group and the pH was lower than 5.6 for more than 4 h/d, indicating that feeding HC diets successfully induced SARA in dairy cows. Both FOXA2 mRNA and protein abundance were significantly reduced in the liver of the HC group compared with the LC group. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, G6PDH, T-SOD, Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD) and mtDNA copy number in the liver tissue of the HC group decreased, while the level of H2O2 significantly increased, this increase was accompanied by a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The balance of mitochondrial division and fusion was disrupted in the HC group, as evidenced by the decreased mRNA level of OPA1, MFN1, and MFN2 and increased mRNA level of Drp1, Fis1, and MFF. At the same time, HC diet downregulated the expression level of SIRT1, SIRT3, PGC-1α, TFAM, and Nrf 1 to inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis. The HC group induced UPRmt in liver tissue by upregulating the mRNA and protein levels of CLPP, LONP1, CHOP, Hsp10, and Hsp60. In addition, HC diet could increase the protein abundance of Bax, CytoC, Caspase 3 and Cleaved-Caspase 3, while decrease the protein abundance of Bcl-2 and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Overall, our study suggests that the decreased expression of FOXA2 may be related to UPRmt, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the liver of dairy cows fed a high concentrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Kun Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi Yuan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Min Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Kun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shen Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Na Na Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guang Jun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhen Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
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McDaniel ZS, Hales KE, Salih H, Deters A, Shi X, Nagaraja TG, Lawrence TE, Tennant TC, Amachawadi RG, Carroll JA, Burdick Sanchez NC, Galyean ML, Smock TM, Ballou MA, Machado VS, Davis E, Broadway PR. Development of an experimental model for liver abscess induction in Holstein steers using an acidotic diet challenge and bacterial inoculation. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae046. [PMID: 38447078 PMCID: PMC10941643 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Holstein steers (n = 40; initial BW = 84.9 ± 7.1 kg) were used to study the genesis of liver abscesses (LA) using an acidotic diet challenge with or without intraruminal bacterial inoculation. Steers were housed in individual pens inside a barn and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: (1) low-starch control diet comprised primarily of dry-rolled corn and wet corn gluten feed (CON); (2) high-starch acidotic diet with steam-flaked corn (AD); or (3) acidotic diet plus intraruminal inoculation with Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (9.8 × 108 colony forming units [CFU]/mL), Trueperella pyogenes (3.91 × 109 CFU/mL), and Salmonella enterica serovar Lubbock (3.07 × 108 CFU/mL), previously isolated from LA (ADB). Steers in AD and ADB were fed the acidotic diet for 3 d followed by 2 d of the CON diet, and this cycle was repeated four times. On day 23, ADB steers were intraruminally inoculated with the bacteria. At necropsy, gross pathology of livers, lungs, rumens, and colons was noted. Continuous data were analyzed via mixed models as repeated measures over time with individual steer as the experimental unit. Mixed models were also used to determine the difference in prevalence of necropsy scores among treatments. Ruminal pH decreased in AD and ADB steers during each acidotic diet cycle (P ≤ 0.05). LA prevalence was 42.9% (6 of 14) in ADB vs. 0% in AD or CON treatments (P < 0.01). Ruminal damage was 51.1% greater in ADB than in AD (P ≤ 0.04). Culture of LA determined that 100% of the abscesses contained F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum, 0% contained T. pyogenes, 50% contained Salmonella, and 50% contained a combination of F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and Salmonella. The F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum was clonally identical to the strain used for the bacterial inoculation based on phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome. This experimental model successfully induced rumenitis and LA in Holstein steers and confirms the central dogma of LA pathogenesis that acidosis and rumenitis lead to the entry of F. necrophorum into the liver to cause abscesses. Our findings suggest that an acidotic diet, in conjunction with intraruminal bacterial inoculation, is a viable model to induce LA. Further research is needed to determine the repeatability of this model, and a major application of the model will be in evaluations of novel interventions to prevent LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach S McDaniel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kristin E Hales
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Harith Salih
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Alyssa Deters
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Xiaorong Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Ty E Lawrence
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, USA
| | - Travis C Tennant
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, USA
| | | | - Jeff A Carroll
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nicole C Burdick Sanchez
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Michael L Galyean
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Taylor M Smock
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Ballou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Vinicius S Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Emily Davis
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Paul R Broadway
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Nakamura R, Sasaki M, Shoji N, Takahashi M, Watanabe A, Iijima K, Hasegawa K, Oyama K, Mannen H. Estimation of genetic parameters for visceral diseases of fattening Japanese Black cattle in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13930. [PMID: 38400812 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the genetic parameters of major visceral diseases were estimated using the postmortem inspection records of 9057 fattening Japanese Black cattle in Shimane Prefecture, Japan, and the genetic correlation between visceral diseases and carcass traits was analyzed. There were six visceral diseases with a prevalence of 5% or higher, namely, pleurisy, pneumonia, bovine abdominal fat necrosis (BFN), rumenitis, hemorrhagic hepatitis, and perihepatitis. Variance components were estimated using the Gibbs sampling method, and the heritability of the visceral disease ranged from 0.07 to 0.49 for perihepatitis and BFN, respectively. Significant negative genetic correlations were identified between pleurisy and rib thickness (-0.32), BFN and carcass weight (-0.29), and BFN and rib eye area (-0.22). No significant genetic correlation was observed among the visceral diseases. The least squares analysis of variance suggested that some visceral diseases decrease the value of carcass traits. In particular, carcass weight and rib eye area in individuals with BFN were 11.7 kg and 1.87 cm2 lower than those of healthy cattle, respectively. Thus, it was inferred that genetic factors were involved in the visceral diseases of fattening Japanese Black cattle in Shimane Prefecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Nakamura
- Livestock Technology Center, Shimane Prefectural Government, Izumo, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makiko Sasaki
- Meat Sanitation and Inspection Station, Shimane Prefectural Government, Oda, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shoji
- Meat Sanitation and Inspection Station, Shimane Prefectural Government, Oda, Japan
| | - Masaru Takahashi
- Livestock Technology Center, Shimane Prefectural Government, Izumo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Watanabe
- Livestock Technology Center, Shimane Prefectural Government, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kumi Iijima
- Livestock Technology Center, Shimane Prefectural Government, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Hasegawa
- Livestock Technology Center, Shimane Prefectural Government, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kenji Oyama
- Food Resources Education and Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kasai, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mannen
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Chen M, Xie W, Zhou S, Ma N, Wang Y, Huang J, Shen X, Chang G. A high-concentrate diet induces colonic inflammation and barrier damage in Hu sheep. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9644-9662. [PMID: 37641289 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Long-term feeding of a high-concentrate diet can induce subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in ruminants, which further leads to systemic inflammatory response. However, few studies have examined the effects of feeding a high-concentrate diet on the hindgut of ruminants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a high-concentrate diet on the composition of gut microbiota in colonic contents, inflammatory response, and barrier damage in the colon tissue of ruminants. A total of 12 healthy multiparous lactating Hu sheep were randomly allotted into the following 2 groups: a high-concentrate (HC) group (concentrate:forage = 7:3) and a low-concentrate (LC) group (concentrate:forage = 3:7). All sheep were fitted with ruminal fistulas. The formal feeding experiment lasted for 8 wk. After the feeding experiment, rumen fluid, portal vein blood, hepatic vein blood, colonic contents, and colon tissue samples were collected. The results showed that feeding the HC diet induced SARA in Hu sheep and significantly reduced pH in the colonic contents. The abundances of Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobiota, and Actinobacteriota decreased significantly, whereas those of Bacteroidota, Spirochaetota, and Fibrobacterota significantly increased in colonic contents. At the genus level, the relative abundances of 29 genera were significantly altered depending on the different type of diets. Analysis of the 10 bacterial genera with high relative abundance revealed that feeding the HC diet significantly reduced the abundance of UCG-005, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, UCG-010-norank, Monoglobus, [Eubacterium] coprostanoligenes group_norank, and Alistipes, whereas the abundances of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Treponema, Bacteroides, and Prevotella increased. Compared with the LC group, feeding the HC diet significantly increased the concentration of LPS in rumen fluid, portal vein blood, hepatic vein blood, and colonic contents, and significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in colon tissue, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, indicating the occurrence of inflammatory response in the colon tissue. In addition, the structure of colonic epithelial cells was loose, the intercellular space became larger, epithelial cells were exfoliated, and the mRNA and protein abundances of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, claudin-3, and claudin-4 were significantly decreased in the HC group, which was consistent with the results of immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, feeding the HC diet increased the ratios of DNA methylation and chromatin compaction in the promoter regions of occludin and claudin-1, which in turn inhibited their transcriptional expression. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that feeding an HC diet induced SARA in Hu sheep, altered the composition and structure of the microbial community in the colonic contents, induced an inflammatory response, and disrupted the intestinal mucosal barrier in the colonic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Chen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Wan Xie
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Shendong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Nana Ma
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Yan Wang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Jie Huang
- Huzhou Research Institute of Hu Sheep, Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Huzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China 313099
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095
| | - Guangjun Chang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China 210095.
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35
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Meng M, Li X, Huo R, Ma N, Chang G, Shen X. A high-concentrate diet induces mitochondrial dysfunction by activating the MAPK signaling pathway in the mammary gland of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5775-5787. [PMID: 37296051 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Subacute rumen acidosis can lead to mastitis in dairy cows. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the inflammatory response. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a high-concentrate diet on mammary gland inflammation and mitochondrial damage in dairy cows. Twelve Holstein dairy cows in mid-lactation were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed a 40% concentrate (low concentrate, LC) diet or a 60% concentrate (high concentrate, HC) diet. Cows were fed individually, and the experiment lasted for 3 wk. After the experiment, mammary gland tissue, blood, and rumen fluid were collected. Compared with the LC diet, the HC diet significantly decreased rumen pH; the pH was <5.6 for more than 3 h. The HC diet also increased the concentration of LPS in the blood (7.17 ± 1.25 µg/mL vs. 12.12 ± 1.26 µg/mL), which indicated that feeding the HC diet successfully induced subacute rumen acidosis. The HC diet also increased the concentration of Ca2+ (34.80 ± 4.23 µg/g vs. 46.87 ± 7.24 µg/g) in the mammary gland and upregulated the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6 (1,128.31 ± 147.53 pg/g vs. 1,538.42 ± 241.38 pg/g), IL-1β (69.67 ± 5.86 pg/g vs. 90.13 ± 4.78 pg/g), and tumor necrosis factor-α (91.99 ± 10.43 pg/g vs. 131.75 ± 17.89 pg/g) in mammary venous blood. The HC diet also increased the activity of myeloperoxidase (0.41 ± 0.05 U/g vs. 0.71 ± 0.11 U/g) and decreased the content of ATP (0.47 ± 0.10 µg/mL vs. 0.32 ± 0.11 µg/mL) in the mammary gland. In addition, phosphorylation of JNK (1.00 ± 0.21 vs. 2.84 ± 0.75), ERK (1.00 ± 0.20 vs. 1.53 ± 0.31), and p38 (1.00 ± 0.13 vs. 1.47 ± 0.41) and protein expression of IL-6 (1.00 ± 0.22 vs. 2.21 ± 0.27) and IL-8 (1.00 ± 0.17 vs. 1.96 ± 0.26) were enhanced in cows of the HC group, indicating that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was activated. Compared with the LC diet, the HC diet reduced the protein expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins PGC-1α (1.00 ± 0.17 vs. 0.55 ± 0.12), NRF1 (1.00 ± 0.17 vs. 0.60 ± 0.10), TFAM (1.00 ± 0.10 vs. 0.73 ± 0.09), and SIRTI (1.00 ± 0.44 vs. 0.40 ± 0.10). The HC diet promoted mitochondrial fission and inhibited mitochondrial fusion by reducing protein expression of MFN1 (1.00 ± 0.31 vs. 0.49 ± 0.09), MFN2 (1.00 ± 0.19 vs. 0.69 ± 0.13), and OPA1 (1.00 ± 0.08 vs. 0.72 ± 0.07), and by increasing that of DRP1 (1.00 ± 0.09 vs. 1.39 ± 0.10), MFF (1.00 ± 0.15 vs. 1.89 ± 0.12), and TTC1/FIS1 (1.00 ± 0.08 vs. 1.76 ± 0.14), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. The HC diet increased mitochondrial permeability by upregulating the protein expression of VDAC1 (1.00 ± 0.42 vs. 1.90 ± 0.44), ANT (1.00 ± 0.22 vs. 1.27 ± 0.17), and CYPD (1.00 ± 0.41 vs. 1.82 ± 0.43). Taken together, these results indicated that feeding the HC diet induced mitochondrial damage via the MAPK signaling pathway in the mammary gland of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xuerui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ran Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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Simanungkalit G, Bhuiyan M, Bell R, Sweeting A, Morton CL, Cowley F, Hegarty R. The effects of antibiotic-free supplementation on the ruminal pH variability and methane emissions of beef cattle under the challenge of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Res Vet Sci 2023; 160:30-38. [PMID: 37263098 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in feedlot cattle during the feed transition to grain-based diets is a significant constraint to animal health and productivity. This experiment assessed an antibiotic-free supplement (ProTect®) effects on ruminal pH variability and methane (CH4) emissions of cattle during the challenge of SARA. Ten 18-month-old Angus steers (472 ± 4.8 kg) were randomly allocated into monensin (n = 5) and ProTect® groups (n = 5) and progressively introduced to grain diets incorporating monensin or ProTect® for 36 days of the experiment [starter (7 days; 45% grain), T1 (7 days; 56% grain), T2 (7 days; 67% grain), finisher (15 days; 78% grain)]. The pH variability on the finisher period was reduced by the ProTect® supplement (6.6% vs. 5.2%; P < 0.01), with CH4 emissions being significantly higher relative to the monensin group [88.2 g/day (9.3 g CH4/kg DMI) vs. 133.7 g/day (14.1 g CH4/kg DMI); P < 0.01]. There was no difference between treatments in the time spent on the ruminal pH < 5.6 or < 5.8 (P > 0.05). The model evaluation for the ruminal pH variation indicated that the mean absolute error (MAE) proportion for both groups was good within the same range [4.05% (monensin) vs. 4.25% (ProTect®)] with identical root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) (0.34). It is concluded that the ProTect® supplement is an effective alternative to monensin for preventing SARA in feedlot cattle by managing ruminal pH variation during the transition to high-grain diets. Both monensin and ProTect® supplemented cattle exhibited lower CH4 yield compared to cattle fed forages and low-concentrate diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamaliel Simanungkalit
- Centre for Carbon Water and Food, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
| | - Momenuzzaman Bhuiyan
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Robert Bell
- Nutritional Products, ProAgni, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia
| | | | - Christine L Morton
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Frances Cowley
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Roger Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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37
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Wang W, Wang Y, Guo T, Gao C, Yang Y, Yang L, Cui Z, Mao J, Liu N, An X, Qi J. Blend of Cinnamaldehyde, Eugenol, and Capsicum Oleoresin Improved Rumen Health of Lambs Fed High-Concentrate Diet as Revealed by Fermentation Characteristics, Epithelial Gene Expression, and Bacterial Community. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101663. [PMID: 37238093 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of CEC on the fermentation characteristics, epithelial gene expression, and bacterial community in the rumen of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. Twenty-four 3-month-old female crossbred lambs with an initial body weight of 30.37 ± 0.57 kg were randomly allocated to consume a diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg CEC (CEC) or not (CON). The experiment consisted of a 14 d adaptation period and a 60 d data collection period. Compared with the CON group, the CEC group had higher ADG, epithelial cell thickness, ruminal butyrate proportion, and lower ammonia nitrogen concentration. Increases in the mRNA expression of Occludin and Claudin-4, as well as decreases in the mRNA expression of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), cytochrome c (Cyt-C), Caspase-8, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, Caspase-7, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), were observed in the CEC group. Moreover, CEC treatment also decreased the concentration of IL-1β, IL-12, and TNF-α. Supplementation with CEC altered the structure and composition of the rumen bacterial community, which was indicated by the increased relative abundances of Firmicutes, Synergistota, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Olsenella, Schwartzia, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Acetitomaculum, [Eubacterium]_ruminantium_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-004, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Sphaerochaeta, Pyramidobacter, and [Eubacterium]_eligens_group, and the decreased relative abundances of Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadota, and MND1. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the altered rumen bacteria were closely correlated with rumen health-related indices. Dietary CEC supplementation improved growth performance, reduced inflammation and apoptosis, protected barrier function, and modulated the bacterial community of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Chang Gao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jinju Mao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jingwei Qi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Husbandry at Universities of Inner Mongolia Automomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China
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Pereira AM, Peixoto P, Rosa HJD, Vouzela C, Madruga JS, Borba AES. A Longitudinal Study with a Laser Methane Detector (LMD) Highlighting Lactation Cycle-Related Differences in Methane Emissions from Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060974. [PMID: 36978516 PMCID: PMC10044636 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversing climate change requires broad, cohesive, and strategic plans for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from animal farming. The implementation and evaluation of such plans demand accurate and accessible methods for monitoring on-field CH4 concentration in eructating breath. Therefore, this paper describes a longitudinal study over six months, aiming to test a protocol using a laser methane detector (LMD) to monitor CH4 emissions in semi-extensive dairy farm systems. Over 10 time points, CH4 measurements were performed in dry (late gestation) and lactating cows at an Azorean dairy farm. Methane traits including CH4 concentration related to eructation (E_CH4) and respiration (R_CH4), and eructation events, were automatically computed from CH4 measured values using algorithms created for peak detection and analysis. Daily CH4 emission was estimated from each profile’s mean CH4 concentration (MEAN_CH4). Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model, including breed, lactation stage, and parity as fixed effects, and cow (subject) and time point as random effects. The results showed that Holsteins had higher E_CH4 than Jersey cows (p < 0.001). Although a breed-related trend was found in daily CH4 emission (p = 0.060), it was not significant when normalized to daily milk yield (p > 0.05). Methane emissions were lower in dry than in lactation cows (p < 0.05) and increased with the advancement of the lactation, even when normalizing it to daily milk yield (p < 0.05). Primiparous cows had lower daily CH4 emissions related to R_ CH4 compared to multiparous (p < 0.001). This allowed the identification of periods of higher CH4 emissions within the milk production cycle of dairy cows, and thus, the opportunity to tailor mitigation strategies accordingly.
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Jin C, Su X, Wang P, Liang Z, Lei X, Bai H, Liang G, Li J, Cao Y, Yao J. Effects of rumen degradable starch on growth performance, carcass, rumen fermentation, and ruminal VFA absorption in growing goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Lei X, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Z, Yao J. Active dry yeast supplementation benefits ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, blood immunoglobulins, and growth performance in young dairy goats, but not for intermittent supplementation. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:289-301. [PMID: 37168451 PMCID: PMC10165222 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of active dry yeast (ADY) supplementation and supplementation strategies on ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, blood metabolites, and growth performance in young dairy goats. Sixty young female Guanzhong dairy goats of similar age (4.00 ± 0.50 months) and BW (19.65 ± 0.41 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20): (1) basal diet group (CON); (2) basal diet continuously supplemented with 3.0 g/goat per day commercial ADY (a proprietary strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 5.0 × 109 cfu/g) group (CSY); (3) basal diet with intermittently supplemented ADY group (ISY; 5 d supplementation with ADY at 4.5 g/goat per day following 5 d of no supplementation). The experiment lasted 67 d with the first 7 d as an adaptive period. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected bi-weekly. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure combined with the SLICE option in SAS. Specific orthogonal contrasts of ADY vs. CON and CSY vs. ISY were also analyzed. During the experimental period, ADY supplementation resulted in greater DMI (P = 0.03), ruminal acetate proportion (P < 0.01) and acetylesterase activity (P = 0.01), and blood contents of glucose (P = 0.01) and IgM (P = 0.02) and tended to have greater ADG (P = 0.05) and paunch girth (P = 0.06) than the CON, despite the propionate proportion (P = 0.03) and contents of total protein (P = 0.04) and IgA (P = 0.03) being lower. The lower ruminal NH3-N (P < 0.01) and blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.07) contents indicated greater nitrogen utilization with ADY supplementation. ADY supplementation showed persistent effects after it was stopped because the BW at 12 months of age (P = 0.03) and birth weight of lambs (P = 0.02) were greater than the CON. However, the ISY did not show those benefits and had significantly lower relative abundances of fiber-degrading related bacteria than the CSY. In conclusion, ADY supplementation, especially continuously supplemented, may enhance ADG and ADG:DMI ratio by improving DMI, ruminal cellulolytic bacteria abundance and enzyme activity, nitrogen utilization, and immune status. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of ADY and have important practical implications for the design of nutritional strategies in growing dairy goats.
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Meng M, Li X, Wang Z, Huo R, Ma N, Chang G, Shen X. A high-concentrate diet induces inflammatory injury via regulating Ca 2+/CaMKKβ-mediated autophagy in mammary gland tissue of dairy cows. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186170. [PMID: 37197665 PMCID: PMC10183583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase β (CaMKKβ) is closely related to Ca2+ concentration. An increase in Ca2+ concentration in the cytoplasm activates CaMKKβ, and activated CaMKKβ affects the activities of AMPK and mTOR and induces autophagy. A high-concentrate diet leads to Ca2+ disorder in mammary gland tissue. Objectives Therefore, this study mainly investigated the induction of mammary gland tissue autophagy by a high-concentrate diet and the specific mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Material and Methods Twelve mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were fed with a 40% concentrate diet (LC) and a 60% concentrate diet (HC) for 3 weeks. At the end of the trial, rumen fluid, lacteal vein blood, and mammary gland tissue were collected. The results showed that the HC diet significantly decreased rumen fluid pH, with a pH lower than 5.6 for more than 3 h, indicating successfully induction of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA). The mechanism of LPS-induced autophagy in BMECs was studied in vitro. First, the cells were divided into a Ctrl group and LPS group to study the effects of LPS on the concentration of Ca2+ and autophagy in BMECs. Then, cells were pretreated with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) or CaMKKβ inhibitor (STO-609) to investigate whether the CaMKKβ-AMPK signaling pathway is involved in LPS-induced BMEC autophagy. Results The HC diet increased the concentration of Ca2+ in mammary gland tissue and pro-inflammatory factors in plasma. The HC diet also significantly increased the expression of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and autophagy-related proteins, resulting in mammary gland tissue injury. In vitro cell experiments showed that LPS increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and upregulated protein expression of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and autophagy-related proteins. Compound C pretreatment decreased the expression of proteins related to autophagy and inflammation. In addition, STO-609 pretreatment not only reversed LPS-induced BMECs autophagy but also inhibited the protein expression of AMPK, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response in BMECs. These results suggest that inhibition of the Ca2+/CaMKKβ-AMPK signaling pathway reduces LPS-induced autophagy, thereby alleviating inflammatory injury of BMECs. Conclusion Therefore, SARA may increase the expression of CaMKKβ by increasing Ca2+ levels and activate autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby inducing inflammatory injury in mammary gland tissue of dairy cows.
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Zhang H, Guan W, Li L, Guo D, Zhang X, Guan J, Luo R, Zheng S, Fu J, Cheng Y, He Q. Dietary carbon loaded with nano-ZnO alters the gut microbiota community to mediate bile acid metabolism and potentiate intestinal immune function in fattening beef cattle. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:425. [PMID: 36474293 PMCID: PMC9724290 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, carbon loaded with nano-ZnO (NZnOC) represents a new nutritional additive for the animal husbandry industry. However, the mechanism by which NZnOC mediates beef cattle growth and intestinal health is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of carbon loaded with nano-ZnO (NZnOC) supplementation on growth performance, gut microbiota, bile acid (BAs) metabolism and intestinal immunity in fattening cattle. Twenty cattle (16 ± 0.95 months) were randomly assigned to two dietary groups: CON (control, without feed additive) and NZnOC (diet supplemented with 80 mg NZnOC/kg diet dry matter basic) for 60 d. The colon digesta microbiota composition and BAs concentration were determined by microbiota metagenomics and gas chromatography methods, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that the NZnOC-supplemented cattle had greater final weight, average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio than those in the CON group. Cattle fed the NZnOC diet had a higher relative abundance of the secondary BAs synthesizing phyla Firmicutes, Tenericutes and Actinobacteria than those fed the CON diet. Dietary supplementation with NZnOC increased the relative abundance of the secondary BAs synthesis microbiota genera Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Brevibacillus in colon digesta. Cattle fed the NZnOC diet had increased activities of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC: 1.1.1.52) and bile acid-CoA ligase BaiB (EC: 6.2.1.7) in the colon digesta compared with those fed the CON diet. The primary BAs taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholate acid were significantly decreased by dietary NZnOC supplementation, while the secondary BAs deoxycholic acid, taurolithocholic acid, beta-muricholic acid, 12-ketolithocholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid were significantly increased. Dietary supplementation with NZnOC increased the mRNA abundance of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1, protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha, cyclic-AMP response element binding protein 1 and interleukin (IL)-10 in the colon mucosa of cattle, while the mRNA abundance of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1β were significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS In summary, dietary supplementation with NZnOC can facilitate the growth performance and intestinal immune function of cattle by improving BAs metabolism. NZnOC can be supplemented in the diet as a safe regulator of gut microbiota and as a feed additive in the ruminants industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Weikun Guan
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Lizhi Li
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Xiangfei Zhang
- grid.458441.80000 0000 9339 5152Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Sichuan, 625014 Chengdu China
| | - Jiuqiang Guan
- grid.458441.80000 0000 9339 5152Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Sichuan, 625014 Chengdu China
| | - Runxiao Luo
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Siying Zheng
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Jiangwen Fu
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Qin He
- grid.488213.40000 0004 1759 3260College of Life Sciences, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, 330032 China
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Milk Yield and Milk Fatty Acids from Crossbred F1 Dairy Cows Fed on Tropical Grasses and Supplemented with Different Levels of Concentrate. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192570. [PMID: 36230310 PMCID: PMC9559261 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The objective of this study was to determine milk fatty acids (FA) from crossbred F1 dairy cows fed on tropical grasses and supplemented with different levels of concentrate. Milk yield and milk composition were not affected while very mild effects were found in milk fatty acids. Overall, this study shows that adding up to 450 g/kg of concentrate to crossbred F1 dairy cows fed on tropical grasses does not have negative effects on milk yield and milk quality. Therefore, under these production conditions, farmers can avoid the use of concentrate, rely on tropical grasses, and reduce feeding costs. Abstract The objective of this study was to determine milk fatty acids from crossbred F1 dairy cows fed on tropical grasses and supplemented with different levels of concentrate. Twelve dairy cows (50% Holstein × 50% Brahman) with 60 days of lactation grazing tropical grasses were assigned to a Switchback design, with three periods of 15 days with different concentrate levels: 0, 150, 300 and 450 g /kg. Milk samples were obtained on the last five days of each experimental period. Milk yield and milk composition were not affected. Cows fed with 300 g/kg of concentrate had higher contents of C15:0 (p = 0.004), C22:0 (p = 0.031), and C24:0 (p = 0.013). C17:1 cis9 was higher (p = 0.039) with 150 g/kg and lowest with 450 g/kg. C18:1 cis9 was higher (p = 0.042) with 150 g/kg. C18:2n6trans was higher (p = 0.05) with 300 g/kg and lower (p = 0.018) with 450 g/kg. This study shows that adding up to 450 g/kg of concentrate to crossbred F1 dairy cows fed on tropical grasses does not have negative effects on milk yield and milk quality. Therefore, under these production conditions, farmers can rely on tropical grasses and reduce feeding costs.
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Ahmed MG, Al-Sagheer AA, El-Zarkouny SZ, Elwakeel EA. Potential of selected plant extracts to control severe subacute ruminal acidosis in vitro as compared with monensin. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:356. [PMID: 36151574 PMCID: PMC9508736 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in developing natural feed additives that can stabilize ruminal pH and thus prevent or eliminate the risk of severe subacute rumen acidosis. Herein, 3 experiments were conducted using a semi-automated in vitro gas production technique. In the experiment (Exp.) 1, the efficacy of 9 plant extracts (1.5 mg/ml), compared to monensin (MON; 12 μg/ml), to counteract ruminal acidosis stimulated by adding glucose (0.1 g/ml) as a fermentable carbohydrate without buffer was assessed for 6 h. In Exp. 2, cinnamon extract (CIN) and MON were evaluated to combat glucose-induced acidosis with buffer use for 24 h. In Exp. 3, the effect of CIN and MON on preventing acidosis when corn or barley grains were used as substrate was examined. Results In Exp. 1, cinnamon, grape seeds, orange, pomegranate peels, propolis, and guava extracts significantly increased (P < 0.05) pH compared to control (CON). Both CIN and MON significantly increased the pH (P < 0.001) but reduced cumulated gas production (P < 0.01) compared to the other treatments. In Exp. 2, the addition of CIN extract increased (P < 0.01) pH value compared to CON at the first 6 h of incubation. However, no significant differences in pH values between CIN and CON at 24 h of incubation were observed. The addition of CIN extract and MON decreased (P < 0.001) lactic acid concentration and TVFA compared to CON at 24 h. The CIN significantly (P < 0.01) increased acetate: propionate ratio while MON reduced it. In Exp. 3, both CIN and MON significantly increased (P < 0.05) ruminal pH at 6 and 24 h and reduced lactic acid concentration at 24 h compared to CON with corn as substrate. However, CIN had no effect on pH with barley substrate at all incubation times. Conclusions It can be concluded that CIN can be used effectively as an alternative antibiotic to MON to control ruminal acidosis when corn is used as a basal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam G Ahmed
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Adham A Al-Sagheer
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, P.O. Box. 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Samir Z El-Zarkouny
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Eman A Elwakeel
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
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Fu Y, He Y, Xiang K, Zhao C, He Z, Qiu M, Hu X, Zhang N. The Role of Rumen Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA)-Induced Inflammatory Diseases of Ruminants. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1495. [PMID: 35893553 PMCID: PMC9332062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disease in ruminants. In the early stage of SARA, ruminants do not exhibit obvious clinical symptoms. However, SARA often leads to local inflammatory diseases such as laminitis, mastitis, endometritis and hepatitis. The mechanism by which SARA leads to inflammatory diseases is largely unknown. The gut microbiota is the totality of bacteria, viruses and fungi inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have found that the gut microbiota is not only crucial to gastrointestinal health but also involved in a variety of disease processes, including metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors and inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that intestinal bacteria and their metabolites can migrate to extraintestinal distal organs, such as the lung, liver and brain, through endogenous pathways, leading to related diseases. Combined with the literature, we believe that the dysbiosis of the rumen microbiota, the destruction of the rumen barrier and the dysbiosis of liver function in the pathogenesis of SARA lead to the entry of rumen bacteria and/or metabolites into the body through blood or lymphatic circulation and place the body in the "chronic low-grade" inflammatory state. Meanwhile, rumen bacteria and/or their metabolites can also migrate to the mammary gland, uterus and other organs, leading to the occurrence of related inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanism by which SARA causes inflammatory diseases to obtain a more comprehensive and profound understanding of SARA and its related inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, it is also of great significance for the joint prevention and control of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Y.F.); (Y.H.); (K.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Q.)
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Y.F.); (Y.H.); (K.X.); (C.Z.); (Z.H.); (M.Q.)
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