1
|
Tashiro K, Segawa T, Suzuki M, Kanaji Y, Maeda H, Itou T. Cultivation of primary cells derived from three organs of a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) using a simple culture method. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00939-7. [PMID: 38914842 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Cetacean-cultured cells are a promising tool for life science research. Most cells used in cetacean research are derived from the skin and kidneys. However, cell cultures from various organs are required for more flexible cetacean research. Primary cultures were prepared from kidney, intestinal, and lung tissues using a simple tissue fragment culture method from a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). Kidney and intestinal cells were mostly epithelial-like, whereas lung cells were mostly fibroblast-like. The simple tissue fragment culture method presented in this study will be useful for expanding cetacean cell resources. Culturing allogeneic cell models is expected to introduce a flexible in vitro approach to cetacean research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaede Tashiro
- Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takao Segawa
- Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Miwa Suzuki
- Department of Marine Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yu Kanaji
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Hikari Maeda
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Takuya Itou
- Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tashiro K, Hikobe K, Segawa T, Suzuki M, Maeda K, Itou T. Establishment and characterization of a novel lung cell line derived from the common bottlenose dolphin. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:98-105. [PMID: 38148353 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Cetaceans are specialized marine mammals with a unique respiratory system adapted for diving behavior. Furthermore, respiratory diseases are commonly observed in these mammals. Nevertheless, much of their respiratory physiology remains unknown due to the limited supply and poor quality of their biological samples for research. In this study, we established a novel lung cell line, dLu, derived from the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), which can prove useful in cetacean research, including for understanding the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases in cetaceans. The cells were cultured in a simple medium consisting of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The morphology of the cells was fibroblast-like. dLu was produced by transfecting the simian virus 40 large T antigen into primary cultured cells. Although dLu exhibited approximately 80 cell divisions, it was unable to achieve complete immortalization, as the cells stopped proliferating beyond this number. dLu cells expressed toll-like receptor 3 but not toll-like receptor 4. Immunostimulation with poly(I:C) altered the gene expressions of interferon beta 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in dLu cells. In summary, dLu established in this study is a novel cetacean cell resource that can be easily cultured and is a useful in vitro tool in cetacean research, particularly for studying host immune responses in the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaede Tashiro
- Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Hikobe
- Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takao Segawa
- Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Miwa Suzuki
- Department of Marine Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takuya Itou
- Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Development and Applications of a Zebrafish (Danio rerio) CYP1A-Targeted Monoclonal Antibody (CRC4) with Reactivity across Vertebrate Taxa: Evidence for a Conserved CYP1A Epitope. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070404. [PMID: 35878309 PMCID: PMC9320060 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CYP1A is a heme-thiolate enzyme associated with the cytochrome P4501A1 monooxygenase system and is inducible by a wide variety of xenobiotics and endogenous ligands that bind and activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR-CYP1A axis is important for detoxification of certain xenobiotics and for homeostatic balance of endogenous sex hormones, amine hormones, vitamins, fatty acids, and phospholipids. Herein, we generated and described applications of a zebrafish CYP1A-targeted monoclonal antibody (mAb CRC4) that fortuitously recognizes induced CYP1A across vertebrate taxa, including fish, chicken, mouse, rat, and human. We then demonstrated that mAb CRC4 targets a highly conserved epitope signature of vertebrate CYP1A. The unique complimentary determining region (CDR) sequences of heavy and light chains were determined, and these Ig sequences will allow for the expression of recombinant mAb CRC4, thus superseding the need for long-term hybridoma maintenance. This antibody works well for immunohistochemistry (IHC), as well as whole-mounted IHC in zebrafish embryos. Monoclonal antibody CRC4 may be particularly useful for studying the AHR-CYP1A axis in multiple vertebrate species and within the context of Oceans and Human Health research. By using archived samples, when possible, we actively promoted efforts to reduce, replace, and refine studies involving live animals.
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of simvastatin on nuclear receptors, drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:875-880. [PMID: 32002969 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial cells (EC) are constantly exposed to endo- and exogenous compounds, which may disturb EC function. One of the protecting mechanisms against chemicals consists of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporter proteins regulated by nuclear receptors and transcription factors. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess the regulation of nuclear receptors and their coordinated genes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC). METHODS HUVEC were exposed to TCDD (10 nM), oltipraz (100 μM) and simvastatin (1 μM) for 24 h. Gene expressions were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting. Enzymatic activity of CYP1A1/CYP1B1 was assessed by luciferin-labelled CYPs substrate. RESULTS Our study confirmed that nuclear receptor AhR and nuclear factor Nrf2 are highly expressed in HUVECs. Treatment of HUVECs with TCDD (AhR inducer) resulted in a significant induction of AHR target genes CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and NQO1. Oltipraz (Nrf2 inducer) also markedly increased expression of NQO1 but did not affect Nrf2 mRNA nor protein levels. Under simvastatin stimulation PXR and NRF2 target transcripts were not altered, however AHR-regulated genes: CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and MDR1 were significantly induced. Western blot analysis confirmed CYP1B1 induction in TCDD-treated HUVECs, but not in the simvastatin group. Moreover, HUVEC exposure to TCDD resulted in induction of CYP1A1/CYP1B1 enzymatic activity. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed functional expression of AhR and Nrf2 in HUVECs. Moreover, it was defined that simvastatin induced AhR and its related genes.
Collapse
|
5
|
Boroda AV. Marine mammal cell cultures: To obtain, to apply, and to preserve. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 129:316-328. [PMID: 28683932 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The world's oceans today have become a place for the disposal of toxic waste, which leads to the degradation of marine mammal habitats and populations. Marine mammal cell cultures have proven to be a multifunctional tool for studying the peculiarities of the cell physiology and biochemistry of these animals as well as the destructive effects of anthropogenic and natural toxicants. This review describes the sources of marine mammal live tissues and the methods required for establishing cell cultures, their use, and long-term storage. Approaches to conserving rare animal species by applying cell biology methodologies are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Boroda
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St., Vladivostok, 690041, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bachman MJ, Foltz KM, Lynch JM, West KL, Jensen BA. Using cytochrome P4501A1 expression in liver and blubber to understand effects of persistent organic pollutant exposure in stranded Pacific Island cetaceans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1989-1995. [PMID: 25892359 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been reported in tropical Pacific Island cetaceans and their environment. In addition, recent health concerns in cetacean populations have warranted investigation into potential physiological effects from POP exposure for this region. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is a candidate for examining such effects. This well-studied biomarker of exposure and effect was examined in stranded cetacean liver using immunoblot (n = 39, 16 species) and blubber using immunohistochemistry (n = 23, 10 species). Paired tissue samples allowed for CYP1A1 comparisons not only between species but also within each individual animal to examine differences between tissue types. Liver CYP1A1 expression correlated positively and significantly with blubber concentrations of all POP categories (n = 39, p < 0.050) except octachlorostyrene and pentachlorobenzene (p > 0.100). Among Stenella species, liver CYP1A1 tissue expression was correlated negatively with the sum of all blubber layer endothelial cell CYP1A1 expression (n = 14, p = 0.049). Overall, elevated expression of liver CYP1A1 confirms its use as a biomarker of POP exposure to cetaceans stranded in the tropical Pacific basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melannie J Bachman
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kerry M Foltz
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kristi L West
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA
| | - Brenda A Jensen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hoydal KS, Letcher RJ, Blair DAD, Dam M, Lockyer C, Jenssen BM. Legacy and emerging organic pollutants in liver and plasma of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) from waters surrounding the Faroe Islands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 520:270-285. [PMID: 25817764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of PCBs, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), brominated flame retardants and a suite of relevant metabolites of these POPs, in all 175 different compounds, were determined in liver and plasma of traditionally hunted pilot whales (n=14 males and n=13 females of different age groups) from the Faroe Islands. The main objectives of this study were to determine differences in the presence and concentrations of the compounds in the liver and plasma, how they depend on developmental stage (calves, sub adults, and adult females), and to assess maternal transfer of the compounds to suckling calves. Generally, the lipid weight (lw) concentrations of quantified POPs in the liver and plasma of pilot whales were positively correlated, and lw concentrations of most POPs did not differ between these matrices. However, concentrations of some individual POPs differed significantly (p<0.05) between plasma and liver; CB-153 (p=0.044), CB-174 (p=0.027) and BDE-47 (p=0.017) were higher in plasma than in liver, whereas p,p'-DDE (p=0.004) and HCB (p<0.001) were higher in liver than in plasma. POP concentrations differed between age/gender groups with lower levels in adult females than in juveniles. The relative distribution of compounds also differed between the age groups, due to the influence of the maternal transfer of the compounds. The results indicated that larger, more hydrophobic POPs were transferred to the offspring less efficiently than smaller or less lipid soluble compounds. Very low levels of both OH- and/or MeSO2-PCB and PBDE metabolites were found in all age groups, with no significant (p>0.05) differences between the groups, strongly suggesting a very low metabolic capacity for their formation in pilot whales. The lack of difference in the metabolite concentrations between the age groups also indicates less maternal transfer of these contaminant groups compared to the precursor compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin S Hoydal
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Environment Agency, Traðagøta 38, P.O. BOX 2048, FO-165 Argir, Faroe Islands.
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Dr. (Raven Road), Carleton University, Ottawa K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - David A D Blair
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Dr. (Raven Road), Carleton University, Ottawa K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Maria Dam
- Environment Agency, Traðagøta 38, P.O. BOX 2048, FO-165 Argir, Faroe Islands
| | | | - Bjørn M Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Development and characterization of an endothelial cell line from the bulbus arteriosus of walleye, Sander vitreus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 180:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
9
|
Mancia A, Elliott JT, Halter M, Bhadriraju K, Tona A, Spurlin TA, Middlebrooks BL, Baatz JE, Warr GW, Plant AL. Quantitative methods to characterize morphological properties of cell lines. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1069-78. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
10
|
Jauniaux T, Farnir F, Fontaine M, Kiszka J, Sarlet M, Coignoul F. Cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in cetacean skin biopsies from the Indian Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:1317-1319. [PMID: 21565363 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The study describes cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYPA1) expression in the skin of different cetacean species (Megaptera novaeangliae, n=15; Stenella attenuata, n=7 and Stenella longirostris, n=24) from the Mozambique Channel island of Mayotte. Immunohistochemical examination was performed with a monoclonal antibody against scup cytochrome CYPA1. The sex was determined using a molecular approach consisting in the genotyping sex-specific genes. CYPA1 was detected at the junction between epidermis and blubber on dolphins only, mostly in the endothelial cells. Similar observation was obtained in the dermis of one M. novaeangliae. Immunohistochemical slides were scored to evaluate the expression of the CYPA1 and a higher expression was observed in S. longirostris, suggesting a higher exposure to pollutants for this species. The difference of expression between sexes was not significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Jauniaux
- Dept. of Pathology, Veterinary College, Sart Tilman B43, University of Liege, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kopf PG, Walker MK. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin increases reactive oxygen species production in human endothelial cells via induction of cytochrome P4501A1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 245:91-9. [PMID: 20171976 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that subchronic 2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure of adult mice results in hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and reduced nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation. Moreover, increased superoxide anion production was observed in cardiovascular organs of TCDD-exposed mice and this increase contributed to the reduced NO-mediated vasodilation. Since cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) can contribute to some TCDD-induced toxicity, we tested the hypothesis that TCDD increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells by the induction of CYP1A1. A concentration-response to 24h TCDD exposure (10pM-10nM) was performed in confluent primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Oxidant-sensitive fluorescent probes dihydroethidium (DHE) and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), were used to measure superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, respectively. NO was also measured using the fluorescent probe diaminofluorescein-2 diacetate (DAF-2DA). These assessments were conducted in HAECs transfected with siRNA targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), CYP1A1, or CYP1B1. TCDD concentration-dependently increased CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity. Moreover, 1nM TCDD maximally increased DHE (Cont=1.0+/-0.3; TCDD=5.1+/-1.0; p=0.002) and DCFH-DA (Cont=1.0+/-0.2; TCDD=4.1+/-0.5; p=0.002) fluorescence and maximally decreased DAF-2DA fluorescence (Cont=1.0+/-0.4; TCDD=0.68+/-0.1). siRNA targeting AhR and CYP1A1 significantly decreased TCDD-induced DHE (siAhR: Cont=1.0+/-0.1; TCDD=1.3+/-0.2; p=0.093) (siCYP1A1: Cont=1.0+/-0.1; TCDD=1.1+/-0.1; p=0.454) and DCFH-DA (siAhR: Cont=1.0+/-0.2; TCDD=1.3+/-0.3; p=0.370) (siCYP1A1: Cont=1.0+/-0.1; TCDD=1.3+/-0.2; p=0.114) fluorescence and increased DAF-2DA fluorescence (siAhR: Cont=1.00+/-0.03; TCDD=0.97+/-0.03; p=0.481) (siCYP1A1: Cont=1.00+/-0.03; TCDD=0.92+/-0.03; p=0.034), while siRNA targeting CYP1B1 did not. These data suggest that TCDD-induced increase in ROS is AhR-dependent and may be mediated, in part, by CYP1A1 induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G Kopf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Montie EW, Fair PA, Bossart GD, Mitchum GB, Houde M, Muir DCG, Letcher RJ, McFee WE, Starczak VR, Stegeman JJ, Hahn ME. Cytochrome P4501A1 expression, polychlorinated biphenyls and hydroxylated metabolites, and adipocyte size of bottlenose dolphins from the Southeast United States. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 86:397-412. [PMID: 18222549 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) bioaccumulate in blubber of marine mammals. Therefore, it is important to understand the structure and dynamics of blubber layers and how they affect the accumulation of POPs and subsequent biochemical responses. We used established histological and immunohistochemical methods to document the structure of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) blubber and to assess the expression of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) in skin-blubber biopsies of dolphins sampled in the waters off Charleston, SC (CHS) (N=38), and Indian River Lagoon, FL (IRL) (N=36). CYP1A1 expression was strongest and most frequent in capillary endothelial cells and was stratified in blubber; the greatest CYP1A1 staining was in the deepest layer. CYP1A1 expression in deep blubber and 2,3,7,8-TCDD Toxic Equivalents measured in the entire blubber were significantly higher in dolphins from CHS as compared to those from IRL. Adipocyte size was associated with the extent of CYP1A1 expression. Male dolphins with smaller adipocytes from CHS and IRL had higher levels of CYP1A1 expression in deep blubber. In CHS females, CYP1A1 expression in vascular endothelial cells varied with reproductive status. CYP1A1 expression in the deep layer was highest in simultaneously pregnant-lactating dolphins, and these dolphins had the smallest adipocytes in deep blubber. In all dolphins, CYP1A1 expression in the deep blubber layer was positively related to concentrations of hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) in plasma. In summary, redistribution of AHR agonists from blubber into the circulatory system may enhance PCB metabolism and production of OH-PCBs by induction of CYP1A1 in hepatocytes and, possibly, by induction of CYP1A1 in endothelial cells of the deep blubber. The OH-PCBs thus formed have the potential to interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Montie
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|