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Hermann M, Polazzo F, Cherta L, Crettaz-Minaglia M, García-Astillero A, Peeters ETHM, Rico A, Van den Brink PJ. Combined stress of an insecticide and heatwaves or elevated temperature induce community and food web effects in a Mediterranean freshwater ecosystem. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121903. [PMID: 38875860 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing global climate change will shift nature towards Anthropocene's unprecedented conditions by increasing average temperatures and the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as heatwaves. While such climatic changes pose an increased threat for freshwater ecosystems, other stressors like pesticides may interact with warming and lead to unpredictable effects. Studies that examine the underpinned mechanisms of multiple stressor effects are scarce and often lack environmental realism. Here, we conducted a multiple stressors experiment using outdoor freshwater mesocosms with natural assemblages of macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, phytoplankton, macrophytes, and microbes. The effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (1 µg/L) were investigated in combination with three temperature scenarios representing ambient, elevated temperatures (+4 °C), and heatwaves (+0 to 8 °C), the latter two having similar energy input. We found similar imidacloprid dissipation patterns for all temperature treatments with lowest average dissipation half-lives under both warming scenarios (DT50: 3 days) and highest under ambient temperatures (DT50: 4 days) throughout the experiment. Amongst all communities, only the zooplankton community was significantly affected by the combined treatments. This community demonstrated low chemical sensitivity with lagged and significant negative imidacloprid effects only for cyclopoids. Heatwaves caused early and long-lasting significant effects on the zooplankton community as compared to elevated temperatures, with Polyarthra, Daphnia longispina, Lecanidae, and cyclopoids being the most negatively affected taxa, whereas Ceriodaphnia and nauplii showed positive responses to temperature. Community recovery from imidacloprid stress was slower under heatwaves, suggesting temperature-enhanced toxicity. Finally, microbial and macrofauna litter degradation were significantly enhanced by temperature, whereas the latter was also negatively affected by imidacloprid. A structural equation model depicted cascading food web effects of both stressors with stronger relationships and significant negative stressor effects at higher than at lower trophic levels. Our study highlights the threat of a series of heatwaves compared to elevated temperatures for imidacloprid-stressed freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hermann
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Francesco Polazzo
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Cherta
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melina Crettaz-Minaglia
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariadna García-Astillero
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edwin T H M Peeters
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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2
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Sun X, Arnott SE. Timing determines zooplankton community responses to multiple stressors. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17358. [PMID: 38822590 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Human activities and climate change cause abiotic factors to fluctuate through time, sometimes passing thresholds for organismal reproduction and survival. Multiple stressors can independently or interactively impact organisms; however, few studies have examined how they interact when they overlap spatially but occur asynchronously. Fluctuations in salinity have been found in freshwater habitats worldwide. Meanwhile, heatwaves have become more frequent and extreme. High salinity pulses and heatwaves are often decoupled in time but can still collectively impact freshwater zooplankton. The time intervals between them, during which population growth and community recovery could happen, can influence combined effects, but no one has examined these effects. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to examine how different recovery times (0-, 3-, 6-week) between salt treatment and heatwave exposure influence their combined effects. We hypothesized that antagonistic effects would appear when having short recovery time, because previous study found that similar species were affected by the two stressors, but effects would become additive with longer recovery time since fully recovered communities would respond to heatwave similar to undisturbed communities. Our findings showed that, when combined, the two-stressor joint impacts changed from antagonistic to additive with increased recovery time between stressors. Surprisingly, full compositional recovery was not achieved despite a recovery period that was long enough for population growth, suggesting legacy effects from earlier treatment. The recovery was mainly driven by small organisms, such as rotifers and small cladocerans. As a result, communities recovering from previous salt exposure responded differently to heatwaves than undisturbed communities, leading to similar zooplankton communities regardless of the recovery time between stressors. Our research bolsters the understanding and management of multiple-stressor issues by revealing that prior exposure to one stressor has long-lasting impacts on community recovery that can lead to unexpected joint effects of multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Sun
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelley E Arnott
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Wickramasingha PD, Morrissey CA, Phillips ID, Crane AL, Ferrari MCO, Chivers DP. Exposure to the insecticide, imidacloprid, impairs predator-recognition learning in damselfly larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123085. [PMID: 38072015 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Many aquatic organisms use chemosensory information to learn about local predation threats, but contaminants in their environment may impair such cognitive processes. Neonicotinoids are a class of water-soluble systemic insecticides that have become a major concern in aquatic systems. In this study, we explored how a 10-day exposure to various concentrations (0, 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 μg/L) of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid affects the learned recognition of predator odour by non-target damselfly larvae (Lestes spp). Unexposed larvae and those exposed to the low concentration (0.1 μg/L) demonstrated an appropriate learned response to a novel predator odour following a conditioning with the odour paired with chemical alarm cues. However, such learning failed to occur for larvae that were exposed to imidacloprid concentrations of 1.0 and 10.0 μg/L. Thus, either the cognitive processing of the chemical information was impaired or the chemistry of one or both of the conditioning cues was altered, making them ineffective for learning. In a second experiment, we found evidence for this latter hypothesis. In the absence of background imidacloprid exposure, larvae did not show significant learned responses to the predator odour when the conditioning cues were mixed with imidacloprid (initial pulse solution of 3.0 μg/L) at the start of conditioning (reaching a final concentration of 0.01 μg/L). These findings indicate that even low levels of imidacloprid can have important implications for chemosensory cognition of non-target species in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christy A Morrissey
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Pl., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Iain D Phillips
- Water Security Agency, 10 - 3904 Miller Ave., Saskatoon, SK, S7P 0B1, Canada
| | - Adam L Crane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Pl., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
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4
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Mamy L, Pesce S, Sanchez W, Aviron S, Bedos C, Berny P, Bertrand C, Betoulle S, Charles S, Chaumot A, Coeurdassier M, Coutellec MA, Crouzet O, Faburé J, Fritsch C, Gonzalez P, Hedde M, Leboulanger C, Margoum C, Mougin C, Munaron D, Nélieu S, Pelosi C, Rault M, Sucré E, Thomas M, Tournebize J, Leenhardt S. Impacts of neonicotinoids on biodiversity: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31032-3. [PMID: 38036909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) and of their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Neonicotinoids are very frequently detected in soils and in freshwater, and they are also found in the air. They have only been recently monitored in coastal and marine environments, but some studies already reported the presence of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in transitional or semi-enclosed ecosystems (lagoons, bays, and estuaries). The contamination of the environment leads to the exposure and to the contamination of non-target organisms and to negative effects on biodiversity. Direct impacts of neonicotinoids are mainly reported on terrestrial invertebrates (e.g., pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms) and vertebrates (e.g., birds) and on aquatic invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Impacts on aquatic vertebrate populations and communities, as well as on microorganisms, are less documented. In addition to their toxicity to directly exposed organisms, neonicotinoid induce indirect effects via trophic cascades as demonstrated in several species (terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates). However, more data are needed to reach firmer conclusions and to get a clearer picture of such indirect effects. Finally, we identified specific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to better understand the effects of neonicotinoids on terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms, as well as on ecosystem services associated with these biotas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Mamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | | | | | | | - Carole Bedos
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Berny
- UR ICE Vetagro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire, 69280, Marcy‑L'Etoile, France
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Normandie Université, ULH, INERIS, SEBIO, 51100, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Michael Coeurdassier
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Ifremer, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Crouzet
- OFB, Direction de la Recherche et Appui Scientifique (DRAS), 78610, Auffargis, France
| | - Juliette Faburé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Univ. Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Mickael Hedde
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Christian Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Magali Rault
- Université d'Avignon, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Elliott Sucré
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34200, Sète, France
- Centre Universitaire de Formation Et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR), 97660, Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Marielle Thomas
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54000, Nancy, France
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5
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Enns D, Cunze S, Baker NJ, Oehlmann J, Jourdan J. Flushing away the future: The effects of wastewater treatment plants on aquatic invertebrates. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120388. [PMID: 37517151 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are essential infrastructure in our developing world. However, with the development and release of novel entities and without modern upgrades, they are ineffective at fully removing micropollutants before treated effluents are released back into aquatic environments. Thus, WWTPs may represent additional point source impacts to freshwater environments, further pressuring aquatic fauna and already vulnerable insect communities. Previous studies - mostly focusing on single WWTPs - have shown general trends of freshwater invertebrate communities becoming dominated by pollution tolerant taxa. To expand on these findings, the current study is the first to comprehensively investigate data on the effects of 170 WWTPs on invertebrate taxonomic composition. We compared data for several diversity and pollution indices, as well as the taxonomic composition both upstream and downstream of the WWTPs (366 sampling sites). In terms of abundance, the three most frequent and negatively impacted orders were the Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Gastropoda, while the Turbellaria, Hirudinea and Crustacea increased in abundance. Although strong changes in community composition were observed between upstream and downstream sites (mean species turnover of 61%), commonly used diversity indices were not sensitive to these changes, highlighting their potential inadequacy in accurately assessing ecological health. Our results indicate that WWTPs change downstream conditions in favour of pollution tolerant taxa to the detriment of sensitive taxa. Order-level taxonomic responses can be informative but should be interpreted with caution, since they can be driven by a few taxa, or opposing responses of species in the same group can result in an overall low order-level response. Upgrading WWTPs via additional treatment steps or merging may be beneficial, provided upstream sections are unimpacted and/or are in a good chemical and structural condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Enns
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sarah Cunze
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Integrative Parasitology and Zoophysiology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nathan Jay Baker
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonas Jourdan
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Hessen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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6
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Stehle S, Ovcharova V, Wolfram J, Bub S, Herrmann LZ, Petschick LL, Schulz R. Neonicotinoid insecticides in global agricultural surface waters - Exposure, risks and regulatory challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161383. [PMID: 36621497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides worldwide. However, the widespread usage of neonicotinoids has sparked concerns over their effects on non-target ecosystems including surface waters. We present here a comprehensive meta-analysis of 173 peer-reviewed studies (1998-2022) reporting measured insecticide concentrations (MICs; n = 3983) for neonicotinoids in global surface waters resulting from agricultural nonpoint source pollution. We used compound-specific regulatory threshold levels for water (RTLSW) and sediment (RTLSED) defined for pesticide authorization in Canada, the EU and the US, and multispecies endpoints (MSESW) to assess acute and chronic risks of global neonicotinoid water-phase (MICSW; n = 3790) and sediment (MICSED; n = 193) concentrations. Results show a complete lack of exposure information for surface waters in >90 % of agricultural areas globally. However, available data indicates for MICSW overall acute risks to be low (6.7 % RTLSW_acute exceedances), but chronic risks to be of concern (20.7 % RTLSW_chronic exceedances); exceedance frequencies were particularly high for chronic MSESW (63.3 %). We found RTLSW exceedances to be highest for imidacloprid and in less regulated countries. Linear model analysis revealed risks for global agricultural surface waters to decrease significantly over time, potentially biased by the lack of sensitive analytical methods in early years of neonicotinoid monitoring. The Canadian, EU and US RTLSW differ considerably (up to factors of 223 for RTLSW_acute and 13,889 for RTLSW_chronic) for individual neonicotinoids, indicating large uncertainties and regulatory challenges in defining robust and protective RTLs. We conclude that protective threshold levels, in concert with increasing monitoring efforts targeting agricultural surface waters worldwide, are essential to further assess the ecological consequences from anticipated increases of agricultural neonicotinoid uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stehle
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Viktoriia Ovcharova
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Jakob Wolfram
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Sascha Bub
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Larissa Zoë Herrmann
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Lara Luisa Petschick
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany; Eusserthal Ecosystem Research Station, University Koblenz-Landau, 76857 Eusserthal, Germany
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7
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Malinovska V, Kuklina I, Lozek F, Velisek J, Kozak P. Responses of signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus to single short-term pulse exposure of pesticides at environmentally relevant concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:51740-51748. [PMID: 36820980 PMCID: PMC10119208 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although pesticides are often discharged into surface waters in pulses as opposed to a sustained release, the effect of episodic pollution events on freshwater crayfish is largely unknown. We monitored change in heart rate and distance moved to assess the response of signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus to short-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of metazachlor (MTZ), terbuthylazine (TER), and thiacloprid (TCL). Crayfish exposed to 20 µg/L of MTZ exhibited a significant increase in mean heart rate and distance moved. Increased heart rate was detected at 118 ± 74 s post-exposure to MTZ. There were no significant differences in mean heart rate and distance moved in crayfish exposed to 6 µg/L of TCL and 4 µg/L of TER. A significant correlation between heart rate and distance moved was found in all exposed groups. These results suggest that pulse exposure to MTZ impact crayfish physiology and behavior during short-term period. With pulse exposure to TCL and TER, crayfish not exhibiting a locomotor response may continue to be exposed to lower, but potentially harmful, levels of pollutants. Evidence of the impacts of pesticide pulse at environmentally relevant concentrations on crayfish is scarce. Further study is required to determine the ecological effects of such events on freshwater crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Malinovska
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Iryna Kuklina
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Lozek
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Velisek
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kozak
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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8
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Nagorzanski M, Qian J, Martinez A, Cwiertny DM. Electrospun nanofiber mats as sorbents for polar emerging organic contaminants: Demonstrating tailorable material performance for uptake of neonicotinoid insecticides from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 9:100219. [PMID: 37006725 PMCID: PMC10063225 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The number and diversity of chemical contaminants in aquatic environments require versatile technologies for their removal. Here we fabricated various electrospun nanofiber mats (ENMs) and tested their ability to sorb six neonicotinoid insecticides, a model family of small, polar contaminants. ENM formulations were polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or carbon nanofibers (CNF; carbonized from PAN), with additives including carbon nanotubes (CNTs; with and without surface carboxyl groups), the cationic surfactant tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB), and/or phthalic acid (PTA; a CNF porogen). While sorption on pure PAN ENMs was low [equilibrium partition coefficients (K ENM-W ) from 0.9 to 1.2 log units (L/kg)], inclusion of CNTs and/or TBAB generally increased uptake in an additive fashion, with carboxylated CNT composites outperforming non-functionalized CNT analogs. CNF ENMs exhibited as much as a tenfold increase relative to PAN for neonicotinoid sorption, which increased with carbonization temperature. Ultimately, the optimal ENM (CNFs with carboxylated-CNTs, PTA, and carbonized at 800 °C) exhibited relatively fast uptake (equilibrium < 1 day without mixing) and surface-area-normalized capacities comparable to other carbonaceous sorbents (e.g., activated carbon). Collectively, this work demonstrates the versatility of electrospinning to produce novel sorbents specifically designed to target emerging chemical classes for applications including water treatment and passive sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nagorzanski
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Jiajie Qian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, United States
| | - Andres Martinez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - David M. Cwiertny
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, United States
- Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- Public Policy Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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Li B, Yin Y, Zhou X, Feng L, Liu Y, Du Z, Tian Y, Zhang L. Effect of allelochemicals sustained-release microspheres on the ingestion, incorporation, and digestion abilities of Daphnia magna Straus. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:205-214. [PMID: 36182132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Allelochemicals sustained-release microspheres (ACs-SMs) exhibited great inhibition effect on algae, however, few studies have focused on ACs-SMs toxicity on invertebrate. In this study, the effects of single high-concentration ACs (15 mg/L, SH-ACs), repeated low-concentration ACs (3 × 5 mg/L, RL-ACs) and ACs-SMs containing 15 mg/L ACs exposure on the ingestion, incorporation, and digestion of Daphnia magna Straus (DS) were investigated by stable isotope 15N labeling method. Meanwhile, the diversity and abundance of microflora in DS guts were determined by 16S rRNA genes and cloning methods. The results showed that SH-ACs exposure caused 50% and 33.3% death rates for newborn and adult DS, while RL-ACs exposure caused 10% death rate for newborn DS and no obvious effect on the activity of adult DS. And ACs-SMs exposure did not diminish the motility of both newborn and adult DS, indicating the lower acute toxicity of ACs-SMs. Furthermore, SH-ACs inhibited the ingestion (-6.45%), incorporation (-47.1%) and digestion (-53.8%) abilities of DS and reduced the microbial abundance (-27.7%) in DS guts. Compared with SH-ACs, RL-ACs showed relatively low impact on the ingestion (-3.23%), incorporation (-5.89%) and digestion (-23.9%) abilities of DS. Interestingly, ACs-SMs enhanced the ingestion (+9.68%), incorporation (+52.9%) and digestion (+51.3%) abilities of DS and increased the microbial abundance (+10.7%) in DS guts. Overall ACs and ACs-SMs reduced the diversity of microflora in DS guts. In conclusion, ACs-SMs can release ACs sustainably and prolong the sustained release time, which not only effectively reduce the toxicity of ACs, but also had positive effects on DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yijun Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziwen Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajun Tian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Ecoremediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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10
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Li J, Cheng MM, Yang CX, Zhang YQ, Li DQ. Regenerated cellulose-stabilized pickering emulsion for sustained release of Imidacloprid. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-05017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Kuechle KJ, Webb EB, Mengel D, Main AR. Seed treatments containing neonicotinoids and fungicides reduce aquatic insect richness and abundance in midwestern USA-managed floodplain wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45261-45275. [PMID: 35143002 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals including neonicotinoid insecticides and fungicides are frequently applied as seed treatments on corn, soybeans, and other common row crops. Crops grown from pesticide-treated seed are often directly planted in managed floodplain wetlands and used as a soil disturbance or food resource for wildlife. We quantified invertebrate communities within mid-latitude floodplain wetlands and assessed their response to use of pesticide-treated seeds within the floodplain. We collected and tested aqueous and sediment samples for pesticides in addition to sampling aquatic invertebrates from 22 paired wetlands. Samples were collected twice in 2016 (spring [pre-water level drawdown] and autumn [post-water level flood-up]) followed by a third sampling period (spring 2017). Meanwhile, during the summer of 2016, a portion of study wetlands were planted with either pesticide-treated or untreated corn seed. Neonicotinoid toxic equivalencies (NI-EQs) for sediment (X̅ = 0.58 μg/kg), water (X̅ = 0.02 μg/L), and sediment fungicide concentrations (X̅ = 0.10 μg/kg) were used to assess potential effects on wetland invertebrates. An overall decrease in aquatic insect richness and abundance was associated with greater NI-EQs in wetland water and sediments, as well as with sediment fungicide concentration. Post-treatment, treated wetlands displayed a decrease in insect taxa-richness and abundance before recovering by the spring of 2017. Information on timing and magnitude of aquatic insect declines will be useful when considering the use of seed treatments for wildlife management. More broadly, this study brings attention to how agriculture is used in wetland management and conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Kuechle
- Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Great Plains Regional Office, Ducks Unlimited, Inc, 2525 River Road, Bismarck, ND, 58503, USA.
| | - Elisabeth B Webb
- Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Doreen Mengel
- Missouri Department of Conservation, Science Branch, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Anson R Main
- Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Pesticide Regulation, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, 95812, USA
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12
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Schmidt TS, Miller JL, Mahler BJ, Van Metre PC, Nowell LH, Sandstrom MW, Carlisle DM, Moran PW, Bradley PM. Ecological consequences of neonicotinoid mixtures in streams. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj8182. [PMID: 35417236 PMCID: PMC9007503 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid mixtures are common in streams worldwide, but corresponding ecological responses are poorly understood. We combined experimental and observational studies to narrow this knowledge gap. The mesocosm experiment determined that concentrations of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and clothianidin (range of exposures, 0 to 11.9 μg/liter) above the hazard concentration for 5% of species (0.017 and 0.010 μg/liter, respectively) caused a loss in taxa abundance and richness, disrupted adult emergence, and altered trophodynamics, while mixtures of the two neonicotinoids caused dose-dependent synergistic effects. In 85 Coastal California streams, neonicotinoids were commonly detected [59% of samples (n = 340), 72% of streams], frequently occurred as mixtures (56% of streams), and potential toxicity was dominated by imidacloprid (maximum = 1.92 μg/liter) and clothianidin (maximum = 2.51 μg/liter). Ecological responses in the field were consistent with the synergistic effects observed in the mesocosm experiment, indicating that neonicotinoid mixtures pose greater than expected risks to stream health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S. Schmidt
- Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Helena, MT 59601, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Janet L. Miller
- National Operations Center, Bureau of Land Management, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - Barbara J. Mahler
- Texas Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Austin, TX 78754, USA
| | - Peter C. Van Metre
- Texas Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Austin, TX 78754, USA
| | - Lisa H. Nowell
- California Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Mark W. Sandstrom
- National Water Quality Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - Daren M. Carlisle
- Earth System Processes Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049, USA
| | - Patrick W. Moran
- Washington Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Paul M. Bradley
- South Atlantic Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, SC 29210, USA
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13
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Vanderpont AK, Lobson C, Lu Z, Luong K, Arentsen M, Vera T, Moore D, White MS, Prosser RS, Wong CS, Hanson ML. Fate of thiamethoxam from treated seeds in mesocosms and response of aquatic invertebrate communities. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:341-356. [PMID: 35000026 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely applied in the Canadian Prairies. It has been detected in surface waters of agro-ecosystems, including wetlands, but the potential effects on non-target invertebrate communities in these wetlands have not been well characterized. In an effort to understand better the fate of thiamethoxam in wetlands and the response of invertebrates (zooplankton and emergent insects), model systems were used to mimic wetland flooding into planted fields. Outdoor mesocosms were treated with a single application of thiamethoxam-treated canola seeds at three treatment levels based on a recommended seeding rate (i.e., 6 kg/ha; 1×, 10×, and 100× seeding rate) and monitored over ten weeks. The mean half-life of thiamethoxam in the water column was 6.2 d. There was no ecologically meaningful impact on zooplankton abundances or community structure among treatments. Statistically significant differences were observed in aquatic insect abundance between control mesocosms and the two greatest thiamethoxam treatments (10× and 100× seeding rate). The observed results indicate exposure to thiamethoxam at environmentally relevant concentrations likely does not represent a significant ecological risk to abundance and community structure of wetland zooplankton and emergent insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Vanderpont
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - C Lobson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Z Lu
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - K Luong
- Richardson College for the Environment, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M Arentsen
- Richardson College for the Environment, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - T Vera
- Richardson College for the Environment, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - D Moore
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - M S White
- EcoMetrix Inc, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2L8, Canada
| | - R S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C S Wong
- Richardson College for the Environment, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - M L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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14
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Macaulay SJ, Hageman KJ, Piggott JJ, Juvigny-Khenafou NPD, Matthaei CD. Warming and imidacloprid pulses determine macroinvertebrate community dynamics in experimental streams. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5469-5490. [PMID: 34418243 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable management of freshwater and pesticide use is essential for mitigating the impacts of intensive agriculture in the context of a changing climate. To better understand how climate change will affect the vulnerability of freshwater ecosystems to chemical pollutants, more empirical evidence is needed on the combined effects of climatic and chemical stressors in environmentally realistic conditions. Our experiment provides the first empirical evaluation of stream macroinvertebrate community dynamics in response to one of the world's most widely used insecticides, imidacloprid, and increased water temperature. In a 7-week streamside experiment using 128 flow-through circular mesocosms, we investigated the effects of pulsed imidacloprid exposure (four environmentally relevant levels between 0 and 4.6 µg/L) and raised water temperature (ambient, 3°C above) on invertebrate communities representative of fast- and slow-flowing microhabitats. Invertebrate drift and insect emergence were monitored during three pesticide pulses (10 days apart), and benthic invertebrate communities were sampled after 24 days of heating and pesticide manipulations. All three manipulated factors strongly affected drift community composition. The first imidacloprid pulse and increased temperature had a greater impact on communities in fast-flowing mesocosms, which contained more pollution-sensitive EPT taxa (mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies). Heating and imidacloprid caused increased emigration by drift, weak reductions in emergence, and negatively affected the benthic community. The combined effect of stressor manipulations and a 10-day natural heatwave drastically reduced relative abundances of EPT and insects overall and caused a shift to oligochaete-, crustacean- and gastropod-dominated communities. Contrary to our hypothesis, the very high yet realistic water temperatures reached in our experiment meant the negative effects of imidacloprid were clearest at ambient temperatures and fast flow. These findings demonstrate the potential combined impacts of imidacloprid contamination and heatwaves on freshwater invertebrate communities under future climate scenarios and highlight the need for more countries to take regulatory action to control neonicotinoid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Macaulay
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Kimberly J Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Brüggemann M, Hund-Rinke K, Böhmer W, Schaefers C. Development of an Alternative Test System for Chronic Testing of Lotic Macroinvertebrate Species: A Case Study with the Insecticide Imidacloprid. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2229-2239. [PMID: 33844353 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There are currently few suitable test systems for the chronic toxicity testing of aquatic macroinvertebrates under stream conditions. Therefore, a new test system mimicking running water conditions was developed for testing with lotic insects. This system uses small test cages, with 10 of these suspended inside each 25-L container and rotating at 0.1 m/s, to create a water flow for the individual organism inside each cage. To test the performance of the new exposure system, chronic effects (21 d) of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid were investigated with field-collected larvae of the stonefly Protonemura sp. Endpoints were survival, growth, and/or emergence (depending on the developmental stage of the larvae at the start of the exposure). Two experiments conducted 1 yr apart showed good reproducibility: growth 10% effect concentration (EC10) values were 15.3 and 18.5 μg/L and no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) values were 30.3 and 21.5 μg/L. A third experiment, performed with further-developed larval instars, showed a significant effect of imidacloprid on emergence (with EC10 of 5.97 μg/L and NOEC of 2.89 μg/L) and a significant effect on survival (with median lethal concentration of 44.7 µg/L). The results of the present study show that the newly developed test system provides a suitable approach for toxicity testing with stonefly larvae and potentially for other lotic macroinvertebrate species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2229-2239. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Brüggemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Walter Böhmer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schaefers
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
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16
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Butcherine P, Kelaher BP, Taylor MD, Lawson C, Benkendorff K. Acute toxicity, accumulation and sublethal effects of four neonicotinoids on juvenile Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129918. [PMID: 33639551 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid pesticides have been detected in aquatic habitats, and exposure may impact the health of aquatic organisms such as commercially-important crustaceans. Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is a broadly distributed and high-value shrimp species that rely on estuaries for early life stages. Differences in the acute toxicity and accumulation of different neonicotinoids in tissues of commercial crustaceans have not been widely investigated. This study compared acute toxicity, uptake, and depuration of four neonicotinoids; thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, and imidacloprid, on juvenile P. monodon and their effects on enzyme biomarkers. Acute toxicity (48-h LC50) was determined as 190 μg L-1 (clothianidin), 390 μg L-1 (thiamethoxam), 408 μg L-1 (imidacloprid), and >500 μg L-1(acetamiprid). To assess uptake and elimination, shrimp were exposed to a fixed 5 μg L-1 water concentration for eight days (uptake) or four days of exposure followed by four days of depuration (elimination). Neonicotinoid water and tissue concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry following solid-phase extraction and QuEChER extraction respectively. The lower toxicity associated with acetamiprid could be associated with lower accumulation in the tissue, with concentrations remaining below 0.01 μg g-1. The activity of acetylcholinesterase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase in abdominal tissues was determined by spectrophotometric assay, with significant sublethal effects detected for all four neonicotinoids. Depuration reduced the tissue concentration of the active ingredient and reduced the activity of oxidative stress enzymes. Given acetamiprid showed no acute toxicity and reduced impact on the enzymatic activity of P. monodon, it may be an appropriate alternative to other neonicotinoids in shrimp producing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Butcherine
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, NSW, 2315, Australia
| | - Corinne Lawson
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia.
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17
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Wiberg-Larsen P, Nørum U, Rasmussen JJ. Repeated insecticide pulses increase harmful effects on stream macroinvertebrate biodiversity and function. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 273:116404. [PMID: 33460872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We exposed twelve mesocosm stream channels and four instream channels to one, two, and four pulses of the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (0.1 μg L-1) applied at two day intervals, each pulse lasting 90 min. Unexposed controls were included. We monitored macroinvertebrate taxonomic composition in the channels and in deployed leaf packs one day before and 29 days after the first exposure. Further, we measured drift in and out of the channels and leaf litter decomposition. Lambda-cyhalothrin exposures induced significantly increased drift in both experiments especially for Gammarus pulex, Amphinemura standfussi, and Leuctra spp. Macroinvertebrate taxonomic composition increasingly changed with increasing number of lambda-cyhalothrin exposures being most pronounced in the mesocosm channels. Further, leaf decomposition significantly decreased with increasing number of exposures in the mesocosm channels. Our study showed that species with predicted highest sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin were primary drivers of significant changes in taxonomic composition lasting for at least one month despite continuous recolonization of exposed channels from upstream parts of the natural stream and from the water inlet in the mesocosm channels. The overall results highlight the importance of sequential exposures to insecticides for understanding the full impact of insecticides on macroinvertebrates at the community level in streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wiberg-Larsen
- Institute for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsoevej 25, D 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Nørum
- Institute for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsoevej 25, D 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark; Nyborg Gymnasium, Skolebakken 13, DK 5800 Nyborg, Denmark
| | - Jes Jessen Rasmussen
- Institute for Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsoevej 25, D 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section for Freshwater Ecology, Gaustadallèen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Sanford M, Prosser RS. High-Frequency Sampling of Small Streams in the Agroecosystems of Southwestern Ontario, Canada, to Characterize Pesticide Exposure and Associated Risk to Aquatic Life. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:2570-2587. [PMID: 32997828 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The temporal dynamics of pesticide concentrations in streams remains poorly characterized in southwestern Ontario, a region of the province where land use is dominated by agriculture. Understanding the magnitude and duration of pulsed exposures to pesticides in these small streams is critical when estimating the risk of pesticides to these aquatic ecosystems. The present study investigated the application of a high-frequency water sampling approach paired with the collection of flow data to characterize the pulsed exposure of pesticides to small streams in southwestern Ontario. Six sites along 2 different streams with different magnitudes of agricultural land use in their upstream catchments were sampled using half-day composite samples from July to October 2018 and from May to September 2019. A total of 1043 samples were collected over the 2 yr, of which 210 were analyzed. Samples for analysis were chosen based on flow, water level, and precipitation data. Liquid and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure >500 pesticides in each water sample. A total of 35 different compounds were detected over the 6 sampling sites. For pesticides that were detected in >10% of water samples above the method quantification limit, a deterministic risk assessment using water quality guidelines and a probabilistic risk assessment using species sensitivity distributions were performed. The calculated hazard quotients showed that 2,4-D, atrazine, metolachlor, and metribuzin exceeded a level of concern of 1 at the highest concentrations detected. In all cases, hazard concentrations that would be protective of 95% of species from the species sensitivity distributions were greater than the 95th centile of the environmental exposure distributions, meaning that the risk from the pesticides was low. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2570-2587. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sanford
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - R S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Thunnissen NW, Lautz LS, van Schaik TWG, Hendriks AJ. Ecological risks of imidacloprid to aquatic species in the Netherlands: Measured and estimated concentrations compared to species sensitivity distributions. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126604. [PMID: 32315814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent declines of insects' biomass have been a major point of interest. While several causes, including use of neonicotinoids like imidacloprid, have been suggested, scientific underpinning is limited. The aim of our study was to assess the potential risk of imidacloprid for freshwater fauna in the Netherlands and to validate the SimpleBox model to allow application elsewhere. To this end, we compared imidacloprid concentrations estimated from emissions using the SimpleBox model to measurements obtained from monitoring databases and calculated the ecological risk based on measured concentrations for aquatic fauna. Imidacloprid concentration estimations were within the range measured, opening opportunities for application of SimpleBox to regions where measurements are limited. Aquatic insects were found to be most sensitive to imidacloprid while amphibians and fish are least sensitive to imidacloprid. In particular, the ecological risk of measured imidacloprid concentration in the Netherlands was 1%, implying that concentrations frequently exceed levels that are lethal in short-term experiments. Hence, based on lab toxicity data, the present study suggests that imidacloprid concentrations can be high enough to explain insect decline observed in the same areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Thunnissen
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - L S Lautz
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - T W G van Schaik
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - A J Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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20
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Qian J, Martinez A, Marek RF, Nagorzanski MR, Zhi H, Furlong ET, Kolpin DW, LeFevre GH, Cwiertny DM. Polymeric Nanofiber-Carbon Nanotube Composite Mats as Fast-Equilibrium Passive Samplers for Polar Organic Contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6703-6712. [PMID: 32343558 PMCID: PMC7665838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To improve the performance of polymeric electrospun nanofiber mats (ENMs) for equilibrium passive sampling applications in water, we integrated two types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs; with and without surface carboxyl groups) into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polystyrene (PS) ENMs. For 11 polar and moderately hydrophobic compounds (-0.07 ≤ logKOW ≤ 3.13), 90% of equilibrium uptake was achieved in under 0.8 days (t90% values) in nonmixed ENM-CNT systems. Sorption capacity of ENM-CNTs was between 2- and 50-fold greater than pure polymer ENMs, with equilibrium partition coefficients (KENM-W values) ranging from 1.4 to 3.1 log units (L/kg) depending on polymer type (hydrophilic PAN or hydrophobic PS), CNT loading (i.e., values increased with weight percent (wt %) of CNTs), and CNT type (i.e., greater uptake with carboxylated CNTs composites). During field deployment at Muddy Creek in North Liberty, Iowa, optimal ENM-CNTs (PAN with 20 wt % carboxylated CNTs) yielded atrazine concentrations in surface water with a 40% difference relative to analysis of a same-day grab sample. We also observed a mean percent difference of 30 (±20)% when comparing ENM-CNT sampler results to grab sample data collected within 1 week of deployment. With their rapid, high capacity uptake and small material footprint, ENM-CNT equilibrium passive samplers represent a promising alternative to complement traditional integrative passive samplers while offering convenience over large volume grab sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Qian
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA, 52242
| | - Andres Martinez
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Rachel F. Marek
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Matthew R. Nagorzanski
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Hui Zhi
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Edward T. Furlong
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver, Colorado 80225
| | - Dana W. Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, Iowa City, IA 52240
| | - Gregory H. LeFevre
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - David M. Cwiertny
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA, 52242
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Public Policy Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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21
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Chará-Serna AM, Epele LB, Morrissey CA, Richardson JS. Nutrients and sediment modify the impacts of a neonicotinoid insecticide on freshwater community structure and ecosystem functioning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:1291-1303. [PMID: 31539961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are important contributors to the global freshwater biodiversity crisis. Among pesticides, neonicotinoids are the best-selling class of agricultural insecticides and are suspected to represent significant risks to freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Despite growing recognition that neonicotinoid impacts may be modified by the presence of additional stressors, there is limited information about their interactions with other agricultural stressors in freshwater ecosystems. We conducted an outdoor pond-mesocosm experiment to investigate the individual and interactive effects of nutrients, fine sediment, and imidacloprid (a neonicotinoid insecticide) inputs on freshwater community structure (density, diversity, and composition of zooplankton and benthic invertebrates) and ecosystem functioning (ecosystem metabolism, primary production, and organic matter decomposition). We hypothesized antagonistic nutrient-imidacloprid, and synergistic sediment-imidacloprid interactions, affecting aquatic invertebrate communities. The three stressors had significant individual and interactive effects on pond ecosystems. The insecticide neutralized the positive effects of nutrient additions on benthic invertebrate richness and mitigated the negative effects of sediment on zooplankton communities (antagonistic interactions). Moreover, we observed compensatory responses of tolerant benthic invertebrates, which resulted in reversal interactions between sediment and imidacloprid. Furthermore, our observations suggest that imidacloprid has the potential to increase net ecosystem production at environmentally relevant concentrations. Our findings support the hypothesis that the impacts of imidacloprid may be modified by other agricultural stressors. This has important implications on a global scale, given the widespread use of these pesticides in intensive agricultural landscapes and the growing body of literature suggesting that traditional pesticide assessment frameworks, based on laboratory toxicity tests alone, may be insufficient to adequately predict effects to complex freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Chará-Serna
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria (CIPAV), Carrera 25 No. 6-62, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Luis B Epele
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CONICET-UNPSJB), Roca 780, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Christy A Morrissey
- Department of Biology and School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John S Richardson
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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22
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Hayasaka D, Kobashi K, Hashimoto K. Community responses of aquatic insects in paddy mesocosms to repeated exposures of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and dinotefuran. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 175:272-281. [PMID: 30904719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are one of major threats to wetland environments and their communities, and thus the information about ecological impact assessment of agro-chemicals on ecosystems is essential for future effective pesticides management. Here, effects of the yearly application of two neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and dinotefuran on aquatic insect communities of experimental rice fields were assessed during two years of monitoring. Both neonicotinoid-treated fields and controls were monitored biweekly throughout the 5-month experimental period until harvest (late October) in each year. Maximum concentrations of imidacloprid (157.5 μg/l in 2014 and 138.0 μg/l in 2015) and dinotefuran (10.54 μg/l in 2014 and 54.05 μg/l in 2015) in water were relatively similar in both years, but maximum residues of imidacloprid (245.45 μg/kg) and dinotefuran (419.5 μg/kg) in the sediment in the second-year were 18 and 175 times higher than in the first year, respectively, with great variability of concentrations among sampling dates. In addition, remaining soil residues of both neonicotinoids were approximately 1 μg/kg (ppb) at the start of the second-year. A total of 6265 individuals of 18 aquatic species belonging to 7 orders were collected. No differences in the number of species between controls and the two neonicotinoids-treated paddies were found between years. However, clear differences in community structures of aquatic insects among the imidacloprid- and dinotefuran-treated mesocosms, and controls and between years were shown by PRC analysis. In particular, imidacloprid likely decreased Crocothemisia servilia mariannae nymphs, Chironominae spp. larvae, and Aedes albopictus larvae, whereas dinotefuran tended to decrease Guignotus japonicus, Orthetrum albistylum speciosum nymphs, and Tubiificidae spp. In addition, long-living species of Coleoptera and Odonata were most sensitive to both neonicotinoids. Changes in composition of feeding functional groups (FFGs) of aquatic insects were more prominent in the first year and became subtler in the second year. One of the possibilities of this phenomenon may be functional redundancy in which species that had low sensitivity to imidacloprid and dinotefuran replaced the vacant niche caused by decreases of other species with high susceptibility within the same feeding functions, although further studies are needed to verify this explanation. Thus, feeding functional traits can be a good indicator for evaluation of changes in ecosystem processes under pesticides exposures. Consequently, the current study emphasized that more realistic prediction of community properties after the repeated application of agrochemicals in successive years should consider for 1) long-term population monitoring, 2) cumulative effects at least over the years, and 3) species' functional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hayasaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, KINDAI University, Nakamachi, 3327-204, Nara, Nara, 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Koji Kobashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, KINDAI University, Nakamachi, 3327-204, Nara, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Koya Hashimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, KINDAI University, Nakamachi, 3327-204, Nara, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
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23
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P McCarty E, Addesso K. Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Management in Forest, Landscape, and Nursery Production. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5480110. [PMID: 31222326 PMCID: PMC6483940 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), has caused significant damage to both eastern [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière] and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Englemann) (Pinales: Pinaceae) since it was first reported in the eastern United States. This adelgid is particularly damaging to these hemlock species due to a lack of co-evolved plant defenses and natural enemies able to suppress hemlock woolly adelgid populations. Management of hemlock woolly adelgid relies heavily on insecticides to prevent death of vulnerable trees. Biological control programs have released natural enemies of hemlock woolly adelgid to aid in control at the landscape level. Quarantine restrictions on hemlock are in place in some regions of the United States and Canada. These quarantines impact sales and shipment of hemlock trees from nurseries as well as other hemlock products. A review of insect biology, description of life stages, damage, management options, and quarantine restrictions for hemlock woolly adelgid is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P McCarty
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Karla M Addesso
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville, TN 37110
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24
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Williams N, Sweetman J. Effects of neonicotinoids on the emergence and composition of chironomids in the Prairie Pothole Region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3862-3868. [PMID: 30542966 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of neonicotinoid pesticides is widespread throughout agricultural regions, including the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. The occurrence of these pesticides to the abundant adjacent wetlands can result in impacts on nontarget insects, and cascading effects through wetland ecosystems. In the current study, field-based mesocosms were used to investigate the effects of multiple pulses of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid on the emergence and chironomid community composition, in an effort to simulate episodic rain events to Prairie Pothole Wetlands. Sediments from two local wetlands were placed into the mesocosm tanks and three imidacloprid pulses added, each 1 week apart at nominal concentrations of 0.2, 2.0, and 20 μg/L. Overall, a significant decrease in the emergence of adult chironomids was observed within the 2.0 μg/L and greater concentrations, with the subfamilies Chironominae and Tanypodinae showing a greater sensitivity than the members of the subfamily Orthocladiinae. The chironomid community also had a dose-related response, followed by a recovery of the community composition near the end of the experiment. Our results provide additional evidence that repeated pulses of imidacloprid may have effects on chironomids and other sensitive aquatic insects living within Prairie Pothole Wetlands, resulting in reduced food availability. We stress the need for continued monitoring of US surface waters for neonicotinoid compounds and the continuation of additional experiments looking into the impacts on aquatic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
| | - Jon Sweetman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
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25
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Butcherine P, Benkendorff K, Kelaher B, Barkla BJ. The risk of neonicotinoid exposure to shrimp aquaculture. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:329-348. [PMID: 30419387 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Widespread agricultural use of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides has resulted in the unintended contamination of aquatic environments. Water quality surveys regularly detect neonicotinoids in rivers and waterways at concentrations that could impact aquaculture stock. The toxicity of neonicotinoids to non-target aquatic insect and crustacean species has been recognised, however, there is a paucity of information on their effect on commercial shrimp aquaculture. Here, we show that commercially produced shrimp are likely to be exposed to dietary, sediment and waterborne sources of neonicotinoids; increasing the risks of disease and accidental human consumption. This review examines indicators of sublethal neonicotinoid exposure in non-target species and analyses their potential usefulness for ecotoxicology assessment in shrimp. The identification of rapid, reliable responses to neonicotinoid exposure in shrimp will result in better decision making in aquaculture management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Butcherine
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Brendan Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
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26
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Jeong Y, Schäffer A, Smith K. A comparison of equilibrium and kinetic passive sampling for the monitoring of aquatic organic contaminants in German rivers. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 145:248-258. [PMID: 30142522 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The performances of an equilibrium and a kinetic passive sampler for monitoring a range of organic contaminants (Log KOW from -0.03 to 6.26) were evaluated in the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant, the receiving river Saar as well as the river Mosel in Germany. The polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) and a new mixed polymer sampler (MPS) were selected as kinetic and equilibrium passive samplers, respectively. Concentrations were described in terms of a time-weighted average concentration (CTWA) from the POCIS measurements and as an equilibrium concentration from the MPS (CEquil-MPS) and POCIS membrane (CEquil-PES) analyses. Twenty-seven compounds could be detected, including eight priority substances of the EU Water Framework Directive. Both sampler types detected a similar range of compounds in the low ng/L to μg/L range, with a high proportion of pharmaceuticals being detected at all sampling sites. To account for uncertainty in the POCIS sampling rates, a range in CTWA was estimated by applying low and high sampling rates. For the compounds that were detected in the POCIS this range was within a factor of 3.5. Interestingly, the MPS extracts showed lower ionisation artefacts than the POCIS extracts during the LC-MS/MS analysis. Finally, total water concentrations (CTotal) were estimated from the dissolved concentrations, literature organic carbon partition coefficients (KOC) and the total organic carbon levels measured in the rivers. For the compounds in this study, negligible differences between CTotal and the passive sampler-derived dissolved concentrations were found with a maximum difference of 15% for diclofenac. Overall, this study demonstrated that the parallel application of kinetic and equilibrium passive samplers can improve the description of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonah Jeong
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E7.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52076, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52076, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kilian Smith
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E7.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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27
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Rico A, Arenas-Sánchez A, Pasqualini J, García-Astillero A, Cherta L, Nozal L, Vighi M. Effects of imidacloprid and a neonicotinoid mixture on aquatic invertebrate communities under Mediterranean conditions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 204:130-143. [PMID: 30245345 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are considered contaminants of concern due to their high toxicity potential to non-target terrestrial and aquatic organisms. In this study we evaluated the sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates to a single application of imidacloprid and an equimolar mixture of five neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin) using mesocosms under Mediterranean conditions. Cyclopoida, Cloeon dipterum and Chironomini showed the highest sensitivity to neonicotinoids, with calculated NOECs below 0.2 μg/L. The sensitivity of these taxa was found to be higher than that reported in previous studies performed under less warm conditions, proving the high influence of temperature on neonicotinoid toxicity. The short-term responses of the zooplankton and the macroinvertebrate communities to similar imidacloprid and neonicotinoid mixture concentrations were very similar, suggesting that the concentration addition model can be used as a plausible hyphotesis to assess neonicotinoid mixture effects in aquatic ecosystems. Long-term mixture toxicity assessments, however, should consider the fate of the evaluated substances in the environment of concern. As part of this study, we also demonstrated that Species Sensitivity Distributions constructed with chronic laboratory toxicity data and calculated (multi-substance) Potentially Affected Fractions provide an accurate estimation to asssess the ecotoxicologial risks of imidacloprid and neonicotinoid mixtures to aquatic invertebrate species assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Arenas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Pasqualini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Ariadna García-Astillero
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Cherta
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Nozal
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology (CQAB), University of Alcalá, Ctra. N-II km 33, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Schmidt TS, Rogers HA, Miller JL, Mebane CA, Balistrieri LS. Understanding the captivity effect on invertebrate communities transplanted into an experimental stream laboratory. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2820-2834. [PMID: 30035388 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how design and testing methodologies affect the macroinvertebrate communities that are held captive in mesocosms. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a 32-d test to determine how seeded invertebrate communities changed once removed from the natural stream and introduced to the laboratory. We evaluated larvae survival and adult emergence in controls from 4 subsequent studies, as well as corresponding within-river community changes. The experimental streams maintained about 80% of the invertebrates that originally colonized the introduced substrates. Many macroinvertebrate populations experienced changes in numbers through time, suggesting that these taxa are unlikely to maintain static populations throughout studies. For example, some taxa (Tanytarsini, Simuliidae, Cinygmula sp.) increased in number, grew (Simuliidae), and possibly recruited new individuals (Baetidae) as larvae, while several also completed other life history events (pupation and emergence) during the 30- to 32-d studies. Midges and mayflies dominated emergence, further supporting the idea that conditions are conducive for many taxa to complete their life cycles while held captive in the experimental streams. However, plecopterans were sensitive to temperature changes >2 °C between river and laboratory. Thus, this experimental stream testing approach can support diverse larval macroinvertebrate communities for durations consistent with some chronic criterion development and life cycle assessments (i.e., 30 d). The changes in communities held captive in the experimental streams were mostly consistent with the parallel changes observed from in situ river samples, indicating that mesocosm results are reasonably representative of real river insect communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2820-2834. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laurie S Balistrieri
- Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, US Geological Survey, Grafton, Wisconsin
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29
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Raby M, Zhao X, Hao C, Poirier DG, Sibley PK. Chronic effects of an environmentally-relevant, short-term neonicotinoid insecticide pulse on four aquatic invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:1543-1552. [PMID: 29929317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides used in agriculture can enter freshwater environments in pulses; that is, a short-term period of a higher concentration, followed by a period of a comparatively lower concentration. Non-target aquatic arthropods are exposed to these fluctuating concentrations of neonicotinoids. The present study investigated the potential latent effects of a single environmentally-relevant 24-h pulse of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, in separate experiments, on the early life-stages of four aquatic arthropods (Hyalella azteca, Chironomus dilutus, Hexagenia spp., and Neocloeon triangulifer). At least three nominal pulse concentrations were tested for each neonicotinoid-species combination: 2.5, 5, and 10 μg L-1, which were based on environmental monitoring in Ontario, Canada. After exposure to the pulse, organisms were assessed for survival and immobilization. Surviving organisms were then moved into clean water for a chronic post-treatment period, where endpoints including survival, growth, reproduction or emergence, depending on the species, were evaluated. Immediately after the 24-h pulse, immobilization was seen in C. dilutus and N. triangulifer in the highest imidacloprid concentrations tested (8.8 and 8.9 μg L-1, respectively). After transfer to clean water, immobilized organisms recovered, and no latent toxicity was seen for any of the evaluated endpoints. H. azteca and Hexagenia spp. showed no effects immediately after the imidacloprid pulse, or after the chronic post-treatment period. No effects were seen in any species after the thiamethoxam pulse, or the post-treatment period. The present study shows that toxic effects due to short-term pulse exposures of ~9 μg L-1 imidacloprid can occur in sensitive insect species. However, organisms can recover when the stressor ceases, with no long-term effects on test organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Raby
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada,.
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, 125 Resources Rd., Toronto M9P 3V6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chunyan Hao
- Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, 125 Resources Rd., Toronto M9P 3V6, Ontario, Canada
| | - David G Poirier
- Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, 125 Resources Rd., Toronto M9P 3V6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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30
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Sumon KA, Ritika AK, Peeters ETHM, Rashid H, Bosma RH, Rahman MS, Fatema MK, Van den Brink PJ. Effects of imidacloprid on the ecology of sub-tropical freshwater microcosms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:432-441. [PMID: 29414368 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid is used in Bangladesh for a variety of crop protection purposes. Imidacloprid may contaminate aquatic ecosystems via spray drift, surface runoff and ground water leaching. The present study aimed at assessing the fate and effects of imidacloprid on structural (phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates and periphyton) and functional (organic matter decomposition) endpoints of freshwater, sub-tropical ecosystems in Bangladesh. Imidacloprid was applied weekly to 16 freshwater microcosms (PVC tanks containing 400 L de-chlorinated tap water) at nominal concentrations of 0, 30, 300, 3000 ng/L over a period of 4 weeks. Results indicated that imidacloprid concentrations from the microcosm water column declined rapidly. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed significant effects of imidacloprid on the zooplankton and macroinvertebrate community, some individual phytoplankton taxa, and water quality variables (i.e. DO, alkalinity, ammonia and nitrate), with Cloeon sp., Diaptomus sp. and Keratella sp. being the most affected species, i.e. showing lower abundance values in all treatments compared to the control. The observed high sensitivity of Cloeon sp. and Diaptomus sp. was confirmed by the results of single species tests. No significant effects were observed on the species composition of the phytoplankton, periphyton biomass and organic matter decomposition for any of the sampling days. Our study indicates that (sub-)tropical aquatic ecosystems can be much more sensitive to imidacloprid compared to temperate ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizar Ahmed Sumon
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Afifat Khanam Ritika
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Edwin T H M Peeters
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harunur Rashid
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Roel H Bosma
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Md Shahidur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Kaniz Fatema
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Basley K, Goulson D. Neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and clothianidin adversely affect the colonisation of invertebrate populations in aquatic microcosms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9593-9599. [PMID: 29359247 PMCID: PMC5891553 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface waters are sometimes contaminated with neonicotinoids: a widespread, persistent, systemic class of insecticide with leaching potential. Previous ecotoxicological investigations of this chemical class in aquatic ecosystems have largely focused on the impacts of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid; few empirical, manipulative studies have investigated the effect on invertebrate abundances of two other neonicotinoids which are now more widely used: clothianidin and thiamethoxam. In this study, we employ a simple microcosm semi-field design, incorporating a one-off contamination event, to investigate the effect of these pesticides at field-realistic levels (ranging from 0 to 15 ppb) on invertebrate colonisation and survival in small ephemeral ponds. In line with previous research on neonicotinoid impacts on aquatic invertebrates, significant negative effects of both neonicotinoids were found. There were clear differences between the two chemicals, with thiamethoxam generally producing stronger negative effects than clothianidin. Populations of Chironomids (Diptera) and Ostracoda were negatively affected by both chemicals, while Culicidae appeared to be unaffected by clothianidin at the doses used. Our data demonstrate that field-realistic concentrations of neonicotinoids are likely to reduce populations of invertebrates found in ephemeral ponds, which may have knock on effects up the food chain. We highlight the importance of developing pesticide monitoring schemes for European surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Basley
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, BN1 9QG UK
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, BN1 9QG UK
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Pickford DB, Finnegan MC, Baxter LR, Böhmer W, Hanson ML, Stegger P, Hommen U, Hoekstra PF, Hamer M. Response of the mayfly (Cloeon dipterum) to chronic exposure to thiamethoxam in outdoor mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1040-1050. [PMID: 29105812 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide that has been detected in surface water monitoring programs in North America and Europe. This has led to questions about its toxicity to nontarget insects, specifically those with an aquatic life stage. To address the uncertainty associated with possible impacts from environmental exposures, a chronic (35-d) outdoor mesocosm study with a formulated product containing thiamethoxam was conducted. The specific focus of the study was the response of mayflies (Ephemeroptera), which have been reported to be particularly sensitive in laboratory studies. A range of concentrations (nominally 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 µg/L thiamethoxam), plus untreated controls were tested, and the abundance and emergence of mayflies (Cloeon dipterum) were assessed weekly for 35 d. Mean measured time-weighted average exposures were within 6% of nominal over the duration of the study, with the mean half-life of thiamethoxam in each treatment ranging from 7 to 13 d. Statistically significant reductions in both larval abundance and adult emergence were observed at 10.0, 3.0, and 1.0 μg/L following 1, 2, and 3 wk of exposure, respectively. Exposure to 0.1 and 0.3 µg/L thiamethoxam had no statistically significant effect on larval mayfly abundance or adult emergence at any point in the study. These findings support a 35-d no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 0.3 µg thiamethoxam/L for mayflies (C. dipterum) under chronic conditions. Furthermore, because the 95th percentile of environmental concentrations has been reported to be 0.054 µg/L, these results indicate that populations of C. dipterum and similarly sensitive aquatic insects are unlikely to be significantly impacted by thiamethoxam exposure in natural systems represented by the conditions in our study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1040-1050. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Pickford
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Meaghean C Finnegan
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | | | - Walter Böhmer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Petra Stegger
- Institut für Gewässerschutz-Mesocosm, Homberg/Ohm, Germany
| | - Udo Hommen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Mick Hamer
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
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Hladik ML, Main AR, Goulson D. Environmental Risks and Challenges Associated with Neonicotinoid Insecticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3329-3335. [PMID: 29481746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid use has increased rapidly in recent years, with a global shift toward insecticide applications as seed coatings rather than aerial spraying. While the use of seed coatings can lessen the amount of overspray and drift, the near universal and prophylactic use of neonicotinoid seed coatings on major agricultural crops has led to widespread detections in the environment (pollen, soil, water, honey). Pollinators and aquatic insects appear to be especially susceptible to the effects of neonicotinoids with current research suggesting that chronic sublethal effects are more prevalent than acute toxicity. Meanwhile, evidence of clear and consistent yield benefits from the use of neonicotinoids remains elusive for most crops. Future decisions on neonicotinoid use will benefit from weighing crop yield benefits versus environmental impacts to nontarget organisms and considering whether there are more environmentally benign alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Hladik
- United States Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento , California 95819 , United States
| | - Anson R Main
- School of Natural Resources , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences , University of Sussex , Falmer, Brighton , BN1 9QG United Kingdom
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Wieczorek MV, Bakanov N, Bilancia D, Szöcs E, Stehle S, Bundschuh M, Schulz R. Structural and functional effects of a short-term pyrethroid pulse exposure on invertebrates in outdoor stream mesocosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:810-819. [PMID: 28826119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural land-use frequently results in short pulse exposures of insecticides such as pyrethroids in river systems, adversely affecting local invertebrate communities. In order to assess insecticide-induced effects, stream mesocosms are used within higher tier aquatic risk assessment. Regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) derived from those studies are often higher compared with tier 1 RACs. Hence, the present mesocosm study evaluates this aspect using a pulse exposure scenario typical for streams and the pyrethroid insecticide etofenprox. A 6-h pulse exposure with measured concentrations of 0.04, 0.3 and 5.3μgL-1 etofenprox was used. We considered abundance, drift and emergence of invertebrates as structural endpoints and the in situ-measured feeding rates of the isopod Asellus aquaticus as functional endpoint. Most prominent effects were visible at 5.3μgL-1 etofenprox which caused adverse effects of up to 100% at the individual and population level, as well as community structure alterations. Transient effects were observed for invertebrate drift (effect duration ≤24h) and for the invertebrate community (9 days after exposure) at 0.3μgL-1 etofenprox. Furthermore, 0.04μgL-1 etofenprox affected the abundance of the mayfly Cloeon simile (decrease by 66%) and the feeding rate of A. aquaticus (decrease by 44%). Thus, implications for the functional endpoint leaf litter breakdown in heterotrophic ecosystems may be expected. A hypothetical RAC derived from the present mesocosm study (0.004μgL-1) is in line with the official tier 1 RAC (0.0044μgL-1) and thus shows that the present mesocosm study did not result in a higher RAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias V Wieczorek
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Nikita Bakanov
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Daniel Bilancia
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Eduard Szöcs
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stehle
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
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35
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Benton EP, Grant JF, Nichols RJ, Webster RJ, Schwartz JS, Bailey JK. Risk assessment of imidacloprid use in forest settings on the aquatic macroinvertebrate community. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:3108-3119. [PMID: 28608930 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The isolated effects of a single insecticide can be difficult to assess in natural settings because of the presence of numerous pollutants in many watersheds. Imidacloprid use for suppressing hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in forests offers a rare opportunity to assess potential impacts on aquatic macroinvertebrates in relatively pristine landscapes. Aquatic macroinvertebrate communities were assessed in 9 streams in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (southern Appalachian Mountains, USA). The streams flow through hemlock conservation areas where imidacloprid soil drench treatments were applied for hemlock woolly adelgid suppression. Sites were located upstream and downstream of the imidacloprid treatments. Baseline species presence data (pre-imidacloprid treatment) were available from previous sample collections at downstream sites. Downstream and upstream sites did not vary in numerous community measures. Although comparisons of paired upstream and downstream sites showed differences in diversity in 7 streams, higher diversity was found more often in downstream sites. Macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups and life habits were similar between downstream and upstream sites. Downstream and baseline stream samples were similar. While some functional feeding group and life habit species richness categories varied, variations did not indicate poorer quality downstream communities. Imidacloprid treatments applied according to US Environmental Protection Agency federal restrictions did not result in negative effects to aquatic macroinvertebrate communities, which indicates that risks of imidacloprid use in forest settings are low. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3108-3119. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Benton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, USA
| | - Jerome F Grant
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebecca J Nichols
- Great Smoky Mountains National Park, National Park Service, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA
| | - R Jesse Webster
- Great Smoky Mountains National Park, National Park Service, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA
| | - John S Schwartz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph K Bailey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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36
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Chrétien F, Giroux I, Thériault G, Gagnon P, Corriveau J. Surface runoff and subsurface tile drain losses of neonicotinoids and companion herbicides at edge-of-field. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:255-264. [PMID: 28209433 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With their application as seed coatings, the use of neonicotinoid insecticides increased dramatically during the last decade. They are now frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems at concentrations susceptible to harm aquatic invertebrates at individual and population levels. This study intent was to document surface runoff and subsurface tile drain losses of two common neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam and clothianidin) compared to those of companion herbicides (atrazine, glyphosate, S-metolachlor and mesotrione) at the edge of a 22.5-ha field under a corn-soybean rotation. A total of 14 surface runoff and tile drain discharge events were sampled over two years. Events and annual unit mass losses were computed using flow-weighted concentrations and total surface runoff and tile drain flow volumes. Detection frequencies close to 100% in edge-of-field surface runoff and tile drain water samples were observed for thiamethoxam and clothianidin even though only thiamethoxam had been applied in the first year. In 2014, thiamethoxam median concentrations in surface runoff and tile drain samples were respectively 0.46 and 0.16 μg/L, while respective maximum concentrations of 2.20 and 0.44 μg/L were measured in surface runoff and tile drain samples during the first post-seeding storm event. For clothianidin, median concentrations in surface runoff and tile drain samples were 0.02 and 0.01, μg/L, and respective maximum concentrations were 0.07 μg/L and 0.05 μg/L. Surface runoff and tile drain discharge were key transport mechanisms with similar contributions of 53 and 47% of measured mass losses, respectively. Even if thiamethoxam was applied at a relatively low rate and had a low mass exportation value (0.3%), the relative toxicity was one to two orders of magnitude higher than those of the other chemicals applied in 2014 and 2015. Companion herbicides, except glyphosate in tile drains, exceeded their water quality guideline during one sampling campaign after application but rapidly resumed below these limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chrétien
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2560 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec City, Québec, G1V 2J3, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Giroux
- Québec ministry of Développement Durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Canada.
| | - Georges Thériault
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2560 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec City, Québec, G1V 2J3, Canada.
| | - Patrick Gagnon
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2560 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec City, Québec, G1V 2J3, Canada.
| | - Julie Corriveau
- Québec ministry of Développement Durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Canada.
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Wieczorek MV, Bakanov N, Lagadic L, Bruns E, Schulz R. Response and recovery of the macrophytes Elodea canadensis and Myriophyllum spicatum following a pulse exposure to the herbicide iofensulfuron-sodium in outdoor stream mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1090-1100. [PMID: 27696510 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interest in stream mesocosms has recently revived for higher tier aquatic macrophyte risk assessment of plant protection products mainly because 1) the highest predicted environmental concentrations for the assessment of effects are frequently derived from stream scenarios, and 2) they allow an effect assessment using stream-typical pulse exposures. Therefore, the present stream mesocosm study used an herbicide pulse exposure and evaluated the responses of Elodea canadensis and Myriophyllum spicatum. Macrophytes were exposed for 24 h to 1 μg/L, 3 μg/L, 10 μg/L, and 30 μg/L of the herbicide iofensulfuron-sodium with a subsequent recovery period of 42 d. Biological endpoints were growth rates of the main, side, and total shoot length, the shoot number, the maximum root length, and the dry weight. The total shoot length was identified as the most sensitive endpoint; the growth rate of the total shoot length was inhibited by up to 66% and 45% in M. spicatum and E. canadensis, respectively. The lowest no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) were observed at day 7 and/or day 14 after herbicide treatment and were 1 μg/L for M. spicatum and 3 μg/L for E. canadensis. The no-observed-ecologically-adverse-effect concentrations (NOEAECs) were 10 μg/L and 30 μg/L for M. spicatum and E. canadensis, respectively. Such or similar mesocosm designs are useful to simulate typical stream exposures and estimate herbicide effects on aquatic macrophytes in stream systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1090-1100. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias V Wieczorek
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Nikita Bakanov
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | | | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
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Miles JC, Hua J, Sepulveda MS, Krupke CH, Hoverman JT. Effects of clothianidin on aquatic communities: Evaluating the impacts of lethal and sublethal exposure to neonicotinoids. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174171. [PMID: 28334022 PMCID: PMC5363855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread usage of neonicotinoid insecticides has sparked concern over their effects on non-target organisms. While research has largely focused on terrestrial systems, the low soil binding and high water solubility of neonicotinoids, paired with their extensive use on the landscape, puts aquatic environments at high risk for contamination via runoff events. We assessed the potential threat of these compounds to wetland communities using a combination of field surveys and experimental exposures including concentrations that are representative of what invertebrates experience in the field. In laboratory toxicity experiments, LC50 values ranged from 0.002 ppm to 1.2 ppm for aquatic invertebrates exposed to clothianidin. However, freshwater snails and amphibian larvae showed high tolerance to the chemical with no mortality observed at the highest dissolvable concentration of the insecticide. We also observed behavioral effects of clothianidin. Water bugs, Belostoma flumineum, displayed a dose-dependent reduction in feeding rate following exposure to clothianidin. Similarly, crayfish, Orconectes propinquus, exhibited reduced responsiveness to stimulus with increasing clothianidin concentration. Using a semi-natural mesocosm experiment, we manipulated clothianidin concentration (0.6, 5, and 352 ppb) and the presence of predatory invertebrates to explore community-level effects. We observed high invertebrate predator mortality with increases in clothianidin concentration. With increased predator mortality, prey survival increased by 50% at the highest clothianidin concentration. Thus, clothianidin contamination can result in a top-down trophic cascade in a community dominated by invertebrate predators. In our Indiana field study, we detected clothianidin (max = 176 ppb), imidacloprid (max = 141 ppb), and acetamiprid (max = 7 ppb) in soil samples. In water samples, we detected clothianidin (max = 0.67 ppb), imidacloprid (max = 0.18 ppb), and thiamethoxam (max = 2,568 ppb). Neonicotinoids were detected in >56% of soil samples and >90% of the water samples, which reflects a growing understanding that neonicotinoids are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Collectively, our results underscore the need for additional research into the effects of neonicotinoids on aquatic communities and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C. Miles
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jessica Hua
- Biological Sciences Department, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria S. Sepulveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Christian H. Krupke
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jason T. Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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Cavallaro MC, Morrissey CA, Headley JV, Peru KM, Liber K. Comparative chronic toxicity of imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam to Chironomus dilutus and estimation of toxic equivalency factors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:372-382. [PMID: 27329202 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nontarget aquatic insects are susceptible to chronic neonicotinoid insecticide exposure during the early stages of development from repeated runoff events and prolonged persistence of these chemicals. Investigations on the chronic toxicity of neonicotinoids to aquatic invertebrates have been limited to a few species and under different laboratory conditions that often preclude direct comparisons of the relative toxicity of different compounds. In the present study, full life-cycle toxicity tests using Chironomus dilutus were performed to compare the toxicity of 3 commonly used neonicotinoids: imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam. Test conditions followed a static-renewal exposure protocol in which lethal and sublethal endpoints were assessed on days 14 and 40. Reduced emergence success, advanced emergence timing, and male-biased sex ratios were sensitive responses to low-level neonicotinoid exposure. The 14-d median lethal concentrations for imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam were 1.52 μg/L, 2.41 μg/L, and 23.60 μg/L, respectively. The 40-d median effect concentrations (emergence) for imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam were 0.39 μg/L, 0.28 μg/L, and 4.13 μg/L, respectively. Toxic equivalence relative to imidacloprid was estimated through a 3-point response average of equivalencies calculated at 20%, 50%, and 90% lethal and effect concentrations. Relative to imidacloprid (toxic equivalency factor [TEF] = 1.0), chronic (lethality) 14-d TEFs for clothianidin and thiamethoxam were 1.05 and 0.14, respectively, and chronic (emergence inhibition) 40-d TEFs were 1.62 and 0.11, respectively. These population-relevant endpoints and TEFs suggest that imidacloprid and clothianidin exert comparable chronic toxicity to C. dilutus, whereas thiamethoxam induced comparable effects only at concentrations an order of magnitude higher. However, the authors caution that under field conditions, thiamethoxam readily degrades to clothianidin, thereby likely enhancing toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:372-382. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Cavallaro
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christy A Morrissey
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John V Headley
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kerry M Peru
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Water Science and Technology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Karsten Liber
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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Chiu MC, Hunt L, Resh VH. Response of macroinvertebrate communities to temporal dynamics of pesticide mixtures: A case study from the Sacramento River watershed, California. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:89-98. [PMID: 27744143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide pollution from agricultural field run-off or spray drift has been documented to impact river ecosystems worldwide. However, there is limited data on short- and long-term effects of repeated pulses of pesticide mixtures on biotic assemblages in natural systems. We used reported pesticide application data as input to a hydrological fate and transport model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to simulate spatiotemporal dynamics of pesticides mixtures in streams on a daily time-step. We then applied regression models to explore the relationship between macroinvertebrate communities and pesticide dynamics in the Sacramento River watershed of California during 2002-2013. We found that both maximum and average pesticide toxic units were important in determining impacts on macroinvertebrates, and that the compositions of macroinvertebrates trended toward taxa having higher resilience and resistance to pesticide exposure, based on the Species at Risk pesticide (SPEARpesticides) index. Results indicate that risk-assessment efforts can be improved by considering both short- and long-term effects of pesticide mixtures on macroinvertebrate community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chih Chiu
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA.
| | - Lisa Hunt
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA.
| | - Vincent H Resh
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA.
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41
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Talk A, Kublik S, Uksa M, Engel M, Berghahn R, Welzl G, Schloter M, Mohr S. Effects of multiple but low pesticide loads on aquatic fungal communities colonizing leaf litter. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 46:116-125. [PMID: 27521943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the first tier risk assessment (RA) of pesticides, risk for aquatic communities is estimated by using results from standard laboratory tests with algae, daphnids and fish for single pesticides such as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. However, fungi as key organisms for nutrient cycling in ecosystems as well as multiple pesticide applications are not considered in the RA. In this study, the effects of multiple low pesticide pulses using regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) on the dynamics of non-target aquatic fungi were investigated in a study using pond mesocosm. For that, fungi colonizing black alder (Alnus glutinosa) leaves were exposed to multiple, low pulses of 11 different pesticides over a period of 60days using a real farmer's pesticide application protocol for apple cropping. Four pond mesocosms served as treatments and 4 as controls. The composition of fungal communities colonizing the litter material was analyzed using a molecular fingerprinting approach based on the terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (t-RFLP) of the fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of the ribonucleic acid (RNA) gene(s). Our data indicated a clear fluctuation of fungal communities based on the degree of leaf litter degradation. However significant effects of the applied spraying sequence were not observed. Consequently also degradation rates of the litter material were not affected by the treatments. Our results indicate that the nutrient rich environment of the leaf litter material gave fungal communities the possibility to express genes that induce tolerance against the applied pesticides. Thus our data may not be transferred to other fresh water habitats with lower nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Talk
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kublik
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie Uksa
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Engel
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Welzl
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Silvia Mohr
- Umweltbundesamt, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany
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Gutiérrez Y, Santos HP, Serrão JE, Oliveira EE. Deltamethrin-Mediated Toxicity and Cytomorphological Changes in the Midgut and Nervous System of the Mayfly Callibaetis radiatus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152383. [PMID: 27031238 PMCID: PMC4816402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature instars of mayflies are important constituents of the food web in aquatic ecosystems (especially in Neotropical regions) and they are among the most susceptible arthropods to pyrethroid insecticides. These insecticides have been recognized as important stressors of freshwater ecosystems, but their cellular effects in aquatic insects have been neglected. Here, we assessed the susceptibility to deltamethrin (a typical type II pyrethroid) as well as the deltamethrin-mediated cytomorphological changes in the central nervous system and midgut of the mayfly Callibaetis radiatus. While the deltamethrin LC50 for 24 h of exposure was of 0.60 (0.46-0.78) μg of a.i/L, the survival of C. radiatus was significantly reduced in deltamethrin concentrations ≥ 0.25 μg a.i/L at 96 h of exposure. Sub-lethal deltamethrin exposure severely affected the cytomorphology of C. radiatus midgut (e.g., muscle layer retraction, cytoplasm vacuolation, nucleus and striated border disorganization) and also induced slight cytomorphological changes in the brain (e.g., presence of pyknotic nuclei) and in the thoracic ganglia (e.g., vacuolation of neurons and presence of pyknotic nuclei) of these insects. However, DNA damage was absent in all of these organs, suggesting that the sublethal cellular stress induced by deltamethrin might disrupt physiological processes (e.g., metabolism or electrical signal transmission) rather than cause cell death (e.g., apoptosis) in C. radiatus. Thus, our findings indicated that deltamethrin actions at cellular levels represent a clear indication of sublethal effects on the C. radiatus survival abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeisson Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570–000, Brasil
| | - Helen P. Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570–000, Brasil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570–000, Brasil
| | - Eugênio E. Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570–000, Brasil
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Wieczorek MV, Bakanov N, Stang C, Bilancia D, Lagadic L, Bruns E, Schulz R. Reference scenarios for exposure to plant protection products and invertebrate communities in stream mesocosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 545-546:308-319. [PMID: 26747995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Higher tier aquatic risk assessment for plant protection products (PPPs) is often based on pond-like mesocosm studies in which transient and dynamic PPP exposure scenarios as observed in lotic systems are hardly achievable. Thus, the present study presents dynamic PPP exposure scenarios at different time scales under flow-through conditions as typical for streams in agricultural landscapes. The stream mesocosm setup allows testing the influence of spatial gradients of exposure over the length of themesocosms. The use of the fluorescent tracer uranine revealed the hydraulic processes generally underlying peak- and hour-scale exposure scenarios and demonstrated an optimized application technique to achieve stable day-scale exposures. Furthermore, to account for potential reactions of invertebrates to PPP exposures in streams (e.g. avoidance behavior and drift), the present study thus aimed at a comprehensive evaluation on how PPP exposure and the establishment of invertebrates can be advanced within streammesocosm testing. For both, peak- and hour-scale exposure as well as the experiments considering the establishment of invertebrates, the presented compilation of experiments was able to highlight the influence of aquatic macrophyteswithin streammesocosms. Since the field relevance of the higher tier aquatic risk assessment for PPPs relies qualitatively on the presence of potentially sensitive or vulnerable species, those species were especially considered. Thus, the establishment of aquatic invertebrates in nondosed streams was evaluated with respect to (i) the presence of different aquatic macrophytes and (ii) the duration of the pre-experimental period. The present study highlights the beneficial influence of complex-structured macrophytes and prolonged pre-experimental periods on the abundance of invertebrate taxa. Furthermore, population dynamics were evaluated statistically by simulating PPP-related declines of 30, 50 and 70%. Thereby,
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias V Wieczorek
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Nikita Bakanov
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Christoph Stang
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Daniel Bilancia
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Laurent Lagadic
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred Nobel-Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Eric Bruns
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred Nobel-Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
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Stehle S, Schulz R. Pesticide authorization in the EU-environment unprotected? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19632-47. [PMID: 26276274 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides constitute an integral part of high-intensity European agriculture. Prior to their authorization, a highly elaborated environmental risk assessment is mandatory according to EU pesticide legislation, i.e., Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009. However, no field data-based evaluation of the risk assessment outcome, i.e., the regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs), and therefore of the overall protectiveness of EU pesticide regulations exists. We conducted here a comprehensive meta-analysis using peer-reviewed literature on agricultural insecticide concentrations in EU surface waters and evaluated associated risks using the RACs derived from official European pesticide registration documents. As a result, 44.7 % of the 1566 cases of measured insecticide concentrations (MICs) in EU surface waters exceeded their respective RACs. It follows that current EU pesticide regulations do not protect the aquatic environment and that insecticides threaten aquatic biodiversity. RAC exceedances were significantly higher for insecticides authorized using conservative tier-I RACs and for more recently developed insecticide classes, i.e., pyrethroids. In addition, we identified higher risks, e.g., for smaller surface waters that are specifically considered in the regulatory risk assessment schemes. We illustrate the shortcomings of the EU regulatory risk assessment using two case studies that contextualize the respective risk assessment outcomes to field exposure. Overall, our meta-analysis challenges the field relevance and protectiveness of the regulatory environmental risk assessment conducted for pesticide authorization in the EU and indicates that critical revisions of related pesticide regulations and effective mitigation measures are urgently needed to substantially reduce the environmental risks arising from agricultural insecticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stehle
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
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Rico A, Van den Brink PJ. Evaluating aquatic invertebrate vulnerability to insecticides based on intrinsic sensitivity, biological traits, and toxic mode of action. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1907-17. [PMID: 25854193 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the authors evaluated the vulnerability of aquatic invertebrates to insecticides based on their intrinsic sensitivity and their population-level recovery potential. The relative sensitivity of invertebrates to 5 different classes of insecticides was calculated at the genus, family, and order levels using the acute toxicity data available in the US Environmental Protection Agency ECOTOX database. Biological trait information was linked to the calculated relative sensitivity to evaluate correlations between traits and sensitivity and to calculate a vulnerability index, which combines intrinsic sensitivity and traits describing the recovery potential of populations partially exposed to insecticides (e.g., voltinism, flying strength, occurrence in drift). The analysis shows that the relative sensitivity of arthropods depends on the insecticide mode of action. Traits such as degree of sclerotization, size, and respiration type showed good correlation to sensitivity and can be used to make predictions for invertebrate taxa without a priori sensitivity knowledge. The vulnerability analysis revealed that some of the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa were vulnerable to all insecticide classes and indicated that particular gastropod and bivalve species were potentially vulnerable. Microcrustaceans (e.g., daphnids, copepods) showed low potential vulnerability, particularly in lentic ecosystems. The methods described in the present study can be used for the selection of focal species to be included as part of ecological scenarios and higher tier risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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46
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Anderson JC, Dubetz C, Palace VP. Neonicotinoids in the Canadian aquatic environment: a literature review on current use products with a focus on fate, exposure, and biological effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:409-22. [PMID: 25461043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Developed to replace organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, neonicotinoids are structurally similar to nicotine. The three main neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam, are being re-evaluated by Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA). An important aspect of the re-evaluation is the potential for effects in non-target organisms, including aquatic organisms. Leaching into surface waters is one of the major concerns surrounding extensive use of neonicotinoids, especially in close proximity to water bodies. The PMRA has classified IMI as 'persistent' with a 'high' leaching potential. Globally, neonicotinoids have been detected in a variety of water bodies, typically at concentrations in the low μg/L range. While IMI has been included in some monitoring exercises, there are currently very few published data for the presence of CLO and THM in Canadian water bodies. The majority of neonicotinoid toxicity studies have been conducted with IMI due to its longer presence on the market and high prevalence of use. Aquatic insects are particularly vulnerable to neonicotinoids and chronic toxicity has been observed at concentrations of IMI below 1 μg/L. Acute toxicity has been reported at concentrations below 20 μg/L for the most sensitive species, including Hyalella azteca, ostracods, and Chironomus riparius. Fish, algae, amphibians, and molluscs are relatively insensitive to IMI. However, the biological effects of THM and CLO have not been as well explored. The Canadian interim water quality guideline for IMI is 0.23 μg/L, but there is currently insufficient use, fate, and toxicological information available to establish guidelines for CLO and THM. Based on concentrations of neonicotinoids reported in surface waters in Canada and globally, there is potential for aquatic invertebrates to be negatively impacted by neonicotinoids. Therefore, it is necessary to address knowledge gaps to inform decisions around guidelines and registration status for neonicotinoid insecticides in Canada to protect our aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Anderson
- Stantec Consulting Ltd., 603-386 Broadway Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3R6, Canada
| | - C Dubetz
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada
| | - V P Palace
- Stantec Consulting Ltd., 603-386 Broadway Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3R6, Canada.
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47
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Morrissey CA, Mineau P, Devries JH, Sanchez-Bayo F, Liess M, Cavallaro MC, Liber K. Neonicotinoid contamination of global surface waters and associated risk to aquatic invertebrates: a review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 74:291-303. [PMID: 25454246 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 719] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids, broad-spectrum systemic insecticides, are the fastest growing class of insecticides worldwide and are now registered for use on hundreds of field crops in over 120 different countries. The environmental profile of this class of pesticides indicate that they are persistent, have high leaching and runoff potential, and are highly toxic to a wide range of invertebrates. Therefore, neonicotinoids represent a significant risk to surface waters and the diverse aquatic and terrestrial fauna that these ecosystems support. This review synthesizes the current state of knowledge on the reported concentrations of neonicotinoids in surface waters from 29 studies in 9 countries world-wide in tandem with published data on their acute and chronic toxicity to 49 species of aquatic insects and crustaceans spanning 12 invertebrate orders. Strong evidence exists that water-borne neonicotinoid exposures are frequent, long-term and at levels (geometric means=0.13μg/L (averages) and 0.63μg/L (maxima)) which commonly exceed several existing water quality guidelines. Imidacloprid is by far the most widely studied neonicotinoid (66% of the 214 toxicity tests reviewed) with differences in sensitivity among aquatic invertebrate species ranging several orders of magnitude; other neonicotinoids display analogous modes of action and similar toxicities, although comparative data are limited. Of the species evaluated, insects belonging to the orders Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Diptera appear to be the most sensitive, while those of Crustacea (although not universally so) are less sensitive. In particular, the standard test species Daphnia magna appears to be very tolerant, with 24-96hour LC50 values exceeding 100,000μg/L (geometric mean>44,000μg/L), which is at least 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the geometric mean of all other invertebrate species tested. Overall, neonicotinoids can exert adverse effects on survival, growth, emergence, mobility, and behavior of many sensitive aquatic invertebrate taxa at concentrations at or below 1μg/L under acute exposure and 0.1μg/L for chronic exposure. Using probabilistic approaches (species sensitivity distributions), we recommend here that ecological thresholds for neonicotinoid water concentrations need to be below 0.2μg/L (short-term acute) or 0.035μg/L (long-term chronic) to avoid lasting effects on aquatic invertebrate communities. The application of safety factors may still be warranted considering potential issues of slow recovery, additive or synergistic effects and multiple stressors that can occur in the field. Our analysis revealed that 81% (22/27) and 74% (14/19) of global surface water studies reporting maximum and average individual neonicotinoid concentrations respectively, exceeded these thresholds of 0.2 and 0.035μg/L. Therefore, it appears that environmentally relevant concentrations of neonicotinoids in surface waters worldwide are well within the range where both short- and long-term impacts on aquatic invertebrate species are possible over broad spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy A Morrissey
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, 117 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Pierre Mineau
- Pierre Mineau Consulting, 124 Creekside Dr., Salt Spring Island, BC V8K 2E4, Canada
| | - James H Devries
- Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada, P.O. Box 1160, Stonewall, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael C Cavallaro
- School of Environment and Sustainability, 117 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Karsten Liber
- School of Environment and Sustainability, 117 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Macneale KH, Spromberg JA, Baldwin DH, Scholz NL. A modeled comparison of direct and food web-mediated impacts of common pesticides on Pacific salmon. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92436. [PMID: 24686837 PMCID: PMC3970969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the western United States, pesticides used in agricultural and urban areas are often detected in streams and rivers that support threatened and endangered Pacific salmon. Although concentrations are rarely high enough to cause direct salmon mortality, they can reach levels sufficient to impair juvenile feeding behavior and limit macroinvertebrate prey abundance. This raises the possibility of direct adverse effects on juvenile salmon health in tandem with indirect effects on salmon growth as a consequence of reduced prey abundance. We modeled the growth of ocean-type Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at the individual and population scales, investigating insecticides that differ in how long they impair salmon feeding behavior and in how toxic they are to salmon compared to macroinvertebrates. The relative importance of these direct vs. indirect effects depends both on how quickly salmon can recover and on the relative toxicity of an insecticide to salmon and their prey. Model simulations indicate that when exposed to a long-acting organophosphate insecticide that is highly toxic to salmon and invertebrates (e.g., chlorpyrifos), the long-lasting effect on salmon feeding behavior drives the reduction in salmon population growth with reductions in prey abundance having little additional impact. When exposed to short-acting carbamate insecticides at concentrations that salmon recover from quickly but are lethal to invertebrates (e.g., carbaryl), the impacts on salmon populations are due primarily to reductions in their prey. For pesticides like carbaryl, prey sensitivity and how quickly the prey community can recover are particularly important in determining the magnitude of impact on their predators. In considering both indirect and direct effects, we develop a better understanding of potential impacts of a chemical stressor on an endangered species and identify data gaps (e.g., prey recovery rates) that contribute uncertainty to these assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate H. Macneale
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julann A. Spromberg
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David H. Baldwin
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel L. Scholz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Perkin EK, Hölker F, Heller S, Berghahn R. Artificial light and nocturnal activity in gammarids. PeerJ 2014; 2:e279. [PMID: 24688857 PMCID: PMC3961812 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light is gaining attention as a potential stressor to aquatic ecosystems. Artificial lights located near streams increase light levels experienced by stream invertebrates and we hypothesized light would depress night drift rates. We also hypothesized that the effect of light on drift rates would decrease over time as the invertebrates acclimated to the new light level over the course of one month’s exposure. These hypotheses were tested by placing Gammarus spp. in eight, 75 m × 1 m artificial flumes. One flume was exposed to strong (416 lx) artificial light at night. This strong light created a gradient between 4.19 and 0.04 lx over the neighboring six artificial flumes, while a control flume was completely covered with black plastic at night. Night-time light measurements taken in the Berlin area confirm that half the flumes were at light levels experienced by urban aquatic invertebrates. Surprisingly, no light treatment affected gammarid drift rates. In contrast, physical activity measurements of in situ individually caged G. roeseli showed they increased short-term activity levels in nights of complete darkness and decreased activity levels in brightly lit flumes. Both nocturnal and diurnal drift increased, and day drift rates were unexpectadly higher than nocturnal drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Perkin
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Berlin , Germany ; Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Franz Hölker
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Berlin , Germany
| | - Stefan Heller
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Berlin , Germany ; Umweltbundesamt , Berlin , Germany
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50
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Sánchez-Bayo F, Hyne RV. Detection and analysis of neonicotinoids in river waters--development of a passive sampler for three commonly used insecticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 99:143-51. [PMID: 24296028 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing and widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides all over the world, together with their environmental persistence mean that surface and ground waters need to be monitored regularly for their residues. However, current multi-residue analytical methods for waters are inadequate for trace residue analysis of these compounds, while passive sampling devices are unavailable. A new method using UltraPerformance Liquid Chromatography provided good separation of the five most common neonicotinoid compounds, with limits of quantitation in the range 0.6-1.0ng. The method was tested in a survey of rivers around Sydney (Australia), where 93% of samples contained two or more neonicotinoids in the range 0.06-4.5μgL(-1). Styrenedivinylbenzene-reverse phase sulfonated Empore™ disks were selected as the best matrix for use in passive samplers. Uptake of clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiacloprid in a flow-through laboratory system for 3weeks was linear and proportional to their water concentrations over the range 1-10μgL(-1). Sampling rates of 8-15mLd(-1) were correlated to the hydrophobicity of the individual compounds. The passive samplers and analytical methods presented here can detect trace concentrations of neonicotinoids in water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross V Hyne
- Centre for Ecotoxicology, Office of Environment & Heritage NSW, PO Box 29, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia.
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