1
|
Dohan Z, Friedlander LT, Cooper PR, Li KC, Ratnayake JT, Mei ML. In Vitro Models Used in the Formation of Root Caries Lesions-A Review of the Literature. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:269. [PMID: 38132407 PMCID: PMC10743092 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of root caries remains a challenge for clinicians due to its unique anatomical location and structure. There is increasing interest in utilising artificial root caries lesions to develop new strategies for remineralisation. An ideal protocol has not yet been agreed upon. The aim of this review is to provide a structured overview of previously reported in vitro root caries models. The literature was screened and mined for information mainly on substrate selection, model systems utilised, and variables used in the models. Human roots (60%) were the most frequently used substrates, followed by bovine roots (40%). Chemical models (69%) were the most frequently utilised model systems, followed by microbiological models (27%), to form root caries lesions. Acetate buffer solution (80%), pH 5.0 or above (40%), and a demineralisation time of five days (25%) were the common variables used in the chemical systems, while mono-species biofilm was most frequently used (73%) in microbiological models and Streptococcus mutans was the most common bacterial strain utilised in these models (80%). This review highlights the variability amongst the experimental approaches, discusses the advantages and limitations of these approaches, and emphasises that standardisation of experimental conditions along with sustained research will benefit root caries research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul R. Cooper
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (Z.D.); (L.T.F.); (K.-C.L.); (J.T.R.)
| | | | | | - May L. Mei
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (Z.D.); (L.T.F.); (K.-C.L.); (J.T.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Besnard C, Marie A, Sasidharan S, Harper RA, Shelton RM, Landini G, Korsunsky AM. Synchrotron X-ray Studies of the Structural and Functional Hierarchies in Mineralised Human Dental Enamel: A State-of-the-Art Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:98. [PMID: 37185477 PMCID: PMC10137518 DOI: 10.3390/dj11040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hard dental tissues possess a complex hierarchical structure that is particularly evident in enamel, the most mineralised substance in the human body. Its complex and interlinked organisation at the Ångstrom (crystal lattice), nano-, micro-, and macro-scales is the result of evolutionary optimisation for mechanical and functional performance: hardness and stiffness, fracture toughness, thermal, and chemical resistance. Understanding the physical-chemical-structural relationships at each scale requires the application of appropriately sensitive and resolving probes. Synchrotron X-ray techniques offer the possibility to progress significantly beyond the capabilities of conventional laboratory instruments, i.e., X-ray diffractometers, and electron and atomic force microscopes. The last few decades have witnessed the accumulation of results obtained from X-ray scattering (diffraction), spectroscopy (including polarisation analysis), and imaging (including ptychography and tomography). The current article presents a multi-disciplinary review of nearly 40 years of discoveries and advancements, primarily pertaining to the study of enamel and its demineralisation (caries), but also linked to the investigations of other mineralised tissues such as dentine, bone, etc. The modelling approaches informed by these observations are also overviewed. The strategic aim of the present review was to identify and evaluate prospective avenues for analysing dental tissues and developing treatments and prophylaxis for improved dental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Besnard
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Ali Marie
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sisini Sasidharan
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Robert A. Harper
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Richard M. Shelton
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Gabriel Landini
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Darzé FM, Bridi EC, França F, Amaral FD, Turssi CP, Basting RT. Enamel and Dentin Etching with Glycolic, Ferulic, and Phosphoric Acids: Demineralization Pattern, Surface Microhardness, and Bond Strength Stability. Oper Dent 2023; 48:E35-E47. [PMID: 36656318 DOI: 10.2341/21-143-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the etching pattern, surface microhardness, and bond strength for enamel and dentin submitted to treatment with phosphoric, glycolic, and ferulic acids. Enamel and dentin blocks were treated with phosphoric, glycolic, and ferulic acid to evaluate the surface and adhesive interface by scanning electron microscopy (2000×). Surface microhardness (Knoop) was evaluated before and after etching, and microtensile bond strength was evaluated after application of a two-step adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE) at 24 hours and 12 months storage time points. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test showed a decrease in the microhardness values for both substrates after application of each acid (p<0.0001). The reduction percentage was significantly higher for enamel treated with phosphoric acid (59.9%) and glycolic acid (65.1%) than for ferulic acid (16.5%) (p<0.0001), and higher for dentin that received phosphoric acid (38.3%) versus glycolic acid (27.8%) and ferulic acid (21.9%) (p<0.0001). Phosphoric and glycolic acids led to homogeneous enamel demineralization, and promoted the opening of dentinal tubules, whereas ferulic acid led to enamel surface demineralization and partially removed the smear layer. The adhesive-enamel interface showed micromechanical embedding of the adhesive in the interprismatic spaces when phosphoric and glycolic acids were applied. Ferulic acid showed no tag formation. Microtensile bond strength at both time points, and for both substrates, was lower with ferulic acid (p=0.0003/E; p=0.0011/D; Kruskal Wallis and Dunn). The bond strength for enamel and dentin decreased when using phosphoric and glycolic acids at the 12-month time evaluation (p<0.05). Glycolic acid showed an etching pattern and microhardness similar to that of phosphoric acid. Ferulic acid was not effective in etching the enamel or dentin, and it did not provide satisfactory bond strength to dental substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Darzé
- Fernanda Medeiros Darzé, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - E C Bridi
- Enrico Coser Bridi, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Instituto Nacional de Ensino Superior e Pós-Graduação Padre Gervásio, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fmg França
- Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flb do Amaral
- Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - C P Turssi
- Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - R T Basting
- *Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sedoykin AG, Kiselnikova LP, Zatevalov AM, Ermolyev SN, Fokina AA. [Application of autofluorescence microscopy and laser Induced fluorescence methods to study the dynamics of the demineralization primary teeth process in vitro]. STOMATOLOGIIA 2023; 102:6-13. [PMID: 37937917 DOI: 10.17116/stomat20231020516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Improvement of methods for studying the processes of demineralization of hard tissues of temporary teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included primaries second molars (n=11). Samples of primary teeth were placed in a test tube with a demineralizing solution for - 1, 4, 8, 21 and 31 days. The of primary teeth samples were examined using methods - laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and autofluorescence microscopy (AFM). Assessment of the degree of demineralization of samples of temporary teeth was carried out according to the score scale developed by us. RESULTS The enamel of the samples is demineralized slowly and evenly for up to 8 days with minimal objective signs, starting from the 8th day of the experiment, there is a significant increase in demineralization indicators. By the 21st day, the peak of demineralization is reached with partial dissolution of the enamel, an increase in the fluorescence effect to 80 UE, and reaches a maximum of 4 points on the evaluation scale. Dentin's hard tissues are demineralized gradually without "sudden jumps" in the fluorescence effect and at the same rate throughout the experiment, reaching a maximum on 31 days (30 UE - LIF). Dentin demineralization is characterized by less dissolution, however, the phenomenon of delamination is determined by the type of exfoliation of the organic dentin matrix, starting from the 21st day of the experiment. CONCLUSION Enamel and dentin of deciduous teeth demineralize at different rates and have a characteristic specificity of morphological changes. Logistic regression analysis showed the consistency of the classifier for the predictive accuracy of each unit of the proposed scale for assessing the degree of demineralization of temporary teeth samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Sedoykin
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - L P Kiselnikova
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Zatevalov
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S N Ermolyev
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Fokina
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
4D microstructural changes in dentinal tubules during acid demineralisation. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1714-1723. [PMID: 34548177 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental erosion is a common oral condition caused by chronic exposure to acids from intrinsic/extrinsic sources. Repeated acid exposure can lead to the irreversible loss of dental hard tissues (enamel, dentine, cementum). Dentine can become exposed to acid following severe enamel erosion, crown fracture, or gingival recession. Causing hypersensitivity, poor aesthetics, and potential pulp involvement. Improving treatments that can restore the structural integrity and aesthetics are therefore highly desirable. Such developments require a good understanding of how acid demineralisation progresses where relatively little is known in terms of intertubular dentine (ITD) and peritubular dentine (PTD) microstructure. To obtain further insight, this study proposes a new in vitro method for performing demineralisation studies of dentine. METHODS Advanced high-speed synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SXM), with high spatial (0.325 μm) and temporal (15 min) resolution, was used to conduct the first in vitro, time-resolved 3D (4D) study of the microstructural changes in the ITD and PTD phases of human dentine samples (∼0.8 × 0.8 × 5 mm) during 6 h of continuous acid exposure. RESULTS Different demineralisation rates of ITD (1.79 μm/min) and PTD (1.94 μm/min) and their progressive width-depth profiles were quantified, which provide insight for understanding the mechanisms of dentine demineralisation. SIGNIFICANCE Insights obtained from morphological characterisations and the demineralisation process of ITD and PTD during acid demineralisation would help understand the demineralisation process and potentially aid in developing new therapeutic dentine treatments. This method enables continuous examination of relatively large volumes of dentine during demineralisation and also demonstrates the potential for studying the remineralisation process of proposed therapeutic dentine treatments.
Collapse
|
6
|
Montoya C, Jain A, Londoño JJ, Correa S, Lelkes PI, Melo MA, Orrego S. Multifunctional Dental Composite with Piezoelectric Nanofillers for Combined Antibacterial and Mineralization Effects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43868-43879. [PMID: 34494813 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After nearly seven decades of development, dental composite restorations continue to show limited clinical service. The triggering point for restoration failure is the degradation of the bond at the tooth-biomaterial interface from chemical, biological, and mechanical sources. Oral biofilms form at the bonded interfaces, producing enzymes and acids that demineralize hard tissues and damage the composite. Removing bacteria from bonded interfaces and remineralizing marginal gaps will increase restorations' clinical service. To address this need, we propose for the first time the use of piezoelectric nanoparticles of barium titanate (BaTiO3) as a multifunctional bioactive filler in dental resin composites, offering combined antibacterial and (re)mineralization effects. In this work, we developed and characterized the properties of dental piezoelectric resin composites, including the degree of conversion and mechanical and physical properties, for restorative applications. Moreover, we evaluated the antibacterial and mineralization responses of piezoelectric composites in vitro. We observed a significant reduction in biofilm growth (up to 90%) and the formation of thick and dense layers of calcium phosphate minerals in piezoelectric composites compared to control groups. The antibacterial mechanism was also revealed. Additionally, we developed a unique approach evaluating the bond strength of dentin-adhesive-composite interfaces subjected to simultaneous attacks from bacteria and cyclic mechanical loading operating in synergy. Our innovative bioactive multifunctional composite provides an ideal technology for restorative applications using a single filler with combined long-lasting nonrechargeable antibacterial/remineralization effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Montoya
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Anubhav Jain
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Juan José Londoño
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
- Bioengineering Research Group (GIB), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad EAFIT, Medellin 050022, Colombia
| | - Santiago Correa
- Bioengineering Research Group (GIB), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad EAFIT, Medellin 050022, Colombia
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Mary Anne Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Santiago Orrego
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
- Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Babaie E, Bacino M, White J, Nurrohman H, Marshall GW, Saeki K, Habelitz S. Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) remineralization of artificial and natural dentin carious lesions evaluated by nanoindentation and microcomputed tomography. J Dent 2021; 109:103659. [PMID: 33836248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study evaluates the efficacy to remineralize artificial and natural dentin lesions through restorative dental procedures that include the Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) method comprising polyaspartic acid (pAsp). METHODS Novel ionomeric cement compositions based on bioglass 45S5 and pAsp mixtures, as well as conditioning solutions (conditioner) containing 5 mg/mL pAsp, were developed and tested on demineralized dentin blocks (3-4 mm thick) on shallow and deep lesions with the thickness of 140 μm ± 50 and 700 μm ± 50, respectively. In the first treatment group, 20 μL of conditioner was applied to demineralized shallow (n = 3) and deep (n = 3) lesion specimens for 20 s before restoration with glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). For the PILP cement treatment group, cement was applied onto the wet surface of the demineralized specimen for both shallow (n = 3) and deep (n = 3) artificial lesions after the application of the conditioner and before the final restoration. Sample groups were compared to RMGIC restoration, for both shallow and deep lesions (n = 3 each) and treatments in PILP-solution (n = 3 for deep lesions) without restoration for 4 weeks. All of the restored specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 2 weeks and 4 weeks for shallow and deep lesions respectively to allow for remineralization. The artificial lesion specimens were evaluated for changes in the nanomechanical profile (E-modulus and hardness) using nanoindentation. Shallow lesions were analyzed by SEM under vacuum for changes in morphology caused by PILP treatments. Also, a pilot study on human third molars with moderate lesions in dentin (n = 3) was initiated to test the efficacy of treatments in natural lesions based on mineral densities using microcomputed tomography (μCT) at 0, 1, and 3 months. RESULTS This study showed that functional remineralization of artificial lesions using PILP-releasing restoratives occurred, indicated by an increase of the elastic modulus in shallow lesions and in the middle zone of deep artificial lesions. The mechanical improvement was significant when compared to RMGIC restoration without pAsp (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, recovery across artificial lesions was most significant when specimens were immersed into PILP-solution with restorative (P < 0.01). Furthermore, natural lesions increased in mineral volume content to a higher degree when the restorative treatment included the PILP-method (P < 0.05). However, none of the natural lesions recovered to full mineral degree regardless of the treatments. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE/CONCLUSION These findings indicate the benefit of PILP applications in the functional repair of dentin caries and illustrate the challenge to integrate the PILP-method into a restorative approach in minimally invasive dental procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Babaie
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margôt Bacino
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel White
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Nurrohman
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA; Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Grayson W Marshall
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kuniko Saeki
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodriguez-Sendra J, Torres I, Jimenez N, Sauro S, Camarena F. Ultrasonic Monitoring of Dentin Demineralization. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:570-578. [PMID: 32776879 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3015668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Demineralization is a process of loss of minerals in the dental hard tissue that affects seriously the health of the patients, as it diminishes the tooth resistance, generating chewing problems by altering the occlusal structure, hypersensitivity, and pulpal problems. Demineralization can be produced by pathological processes as erosion or caries, or by surgical processes as etching. Due to the complexity of natural demineralization processes, it is mandatory to provide quantitative and standardized tests to allow their study in controlled laboratory conditions. Ultrasonic techniques are suitable for this purpose as they are nondestructive, quick, and provide localized mechanical information about the tissue, which is related with its degree of demineralization. In the present work, we evaluate the complete process of demineralization of the human dentin under controlled laboratory conditions using a pulse-echo ultrasonic technique. Up to 15 human dentin teeth have been demineralized with phosphoric acid at 10%. The time-of-flight measurements using the pulse-echo system allows to obtain the speed of sound in healthy (3415 m/s) and demineralized dentin tissue (1710 m/s), as well as to characterize the dynamical process of the acid penetration, which generates well-defined boundaries between two media (demineralized and mineralized dentin), showing very different mechanical properties. These boundaries advance in depth at an initial rate of [Formula: see text]/min, decelerating at -9.3 nm/min2 until the whole demineralization of the sample is achieved. In addition, the technique allows to measure the relevance of the demineralization produced by the acid residues inside the tooth once it has been removed from the acidic solution. Beyond the assessment of artificial demineralization lesions under laboratory conditions, as demonstrated in this article, the proposed technique opens new approaches to the assessment of demineralization caused by natural caries in vivo.
Collapse
|
9
|
Al-Qahtani YM. Impact of graphene oxide and silver diamine fluoride in comparison to photodynamic therapy on bond integrity and microleakage scores of resin modified glass ionomer cement to demineralized dentin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102163. [PMID: 33383206 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of graphene oxide (GO) and silver diammine fluoride (SDF) in comparison to photodynamic therapy (PDT) on adhesive bond integrity and microleakage scores of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to demineralized dentin. METHODS 80 non-carious and atraumatic third molars were mounted inside the segments of polyvinyl pipes. Exposure, homogenization, and polishing of dentinal tubules was performed. 20 specimens were left unconditioned and classified a group 4. Exposure of acetic acid was done to 60 specimens and randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group 1 specimens were treated with 0.25 % GO; group 2 specimens were treated with 3.8 % SDF; and group 3 specimens were exposed to PDT. The bonding of all samples to RMGIC was performed by light curing and universal testing machine was utilized for testing shear bond strength (SBS). For failure modes, an optical microscope at 40x magnification was used to observe the debonded interfaces. For microleakage, all the specimens were submerged in 2% methylene blue for 1 day and observed under a digital microscope. The post hoc Tukey and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine SBS. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Group 2 showed the highest bond strength (3.8 % SDF + RMGIC + DD - 15.27 ± 2.19 MPa). Groups 1 (0.25 % GO + RMGIC + DD - 14.11 ± 3.82) and 2 showed comparable results of SBS, which was significantly higher when compared with other research groups (p < 0.05). According to the post hoc Tukey test, the SBS scores of treatment groups exhibited statistically significant values as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Group 2 samples showed the least microleakage mean score (0.8 ± 0.42), followed by group 1 specimens (1.02 ± 0.88). The comparable microleakage mean scores were demonstrated by the samples in group 1 and 2 (p < 0.01). According to one-way ANOVA, a significant difference was observed in microleakage scores among experimental groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Improved bond strength and marginal microleakage scores were demonstrated by the demineralized dentin treated with 0.25 % graphene oxide and 3.8 % silver diamine fluoride when bonded to resin-modified glass ionomer cement. The application of methylene blue photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy undermined the adhesive bond strength applied on demineralized dentin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M Al-Qahtani
- Consultant in Restorative Dentistry Department, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
NURROHMAN H, HABELITZ S, SAEKI K, SADR A, GOWER LB, PAZDERNIK V, TAGAMI J, MARSHALL SJ, MARSHALL GW. Enhanced silver diamine fluoride therapy using the PILP method -A nanoindentation study. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:1009-1015. [PMID: 32624525 PMCID: PMC8376189 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying the polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) method to enhance silver diamine fluoride (SDF) therapy. One hundred forty micrometer deep artificial caries lesions were treated with (A) 38% SDF solution and (B) 38% SDF containing poly-L-aspartic acid (pASP). Changes in the nanomechanical profile across the lesion were evaluated. Hydrated artificial lesions had a low reduced elastic modulus (0.3 GPa) and nanohardness (0.02 GPa) region extending about 100 μm into the lesion, with a gradual linear increase to about 168 μm where the values plateaued to around 18 GPa/1.0 GPa. Topical application of SDF resulted in significantly recovered properties (p<0.001). SDF containing pASP resulted in greater nanomechanical properties compared to SDF alone, showing similar sloped regions up to 96 μm, then SDF alone dropped while SDF containing pASP continued at a modest slope until reaching normal at 144 μm. This nanoindentation study shows enhanced SDF therapy using the PILP method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid NURROHMAN
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St. Kirksville, MO, 63501, USA,Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., Suite D-4000 San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stefan HABELITZ
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., Suite D-4000 San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kuniko SAEKI
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., Suite D-4000 San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Alireza SADR
- Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics & Technology Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, 1959 NE Pacific St. Box 357456, Seatle, WA, 98195-7456, USA
| | - Laurie B. GOWER
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Florida, Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Vanessa PAZDERNIK
- Department of Research Support, A. T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St. Kirksville, MO, 63501, USA
| | - Junji TAGAMI
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Sally J. MARSHALL
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., Suite D-4000 San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Grayson W. MARSHALL
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Ave., Suite D-4000 San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Influence of silver diamine fluoride compared to photodynamic therapy on the bond integrity of resin modified glass ionomer cement to demineralized dentin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Santana MLC, Paiva LFS, Carneiro VSM, Gomes ASL, Cenci MS, Faria-E-Silva AL. Fracture resistance of extensive bulk-fill composite restorations after selective caries removal. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e111. [PMID: 32876124 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of selective carious tissue removal on the fracture strength and failure mode of composite restorations in molars presenting only the buccal cusps. Deep cavities were prepared on the occlusal surface, and the lingual cusps were removed. Carious lesions in the middle of the pulpal wall were artificially induced with acetic acid (pH = 4.5) for 35 days. The demineralized dentin was left intact or was completely removed prior to restoration with a bulk-fill composite (n = 10). Images of the specimens were obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after the caries induction/removal. The mechanical resistance to fracture by axial compressive loading and the failure type and extension were determined. The pulpal wall/composite interface of the fractured specimens was analyzed by OCT. The data were analyzed for significance with t-tests (α = 0.05). The deepest cavities and a more frequent occurrence of pulpal exposure were observed more often for non-selective carious tissue removal. The protocol of carious tissue removal did not affect the fracture strength (p = 0.554). An increased occurrence of catastrophic failures involving the roots was observed for non-selective carious tissue removal. Some occurrences of restoration displacement or cracks throughout the resin-dentin were observed only for the selective carious tissue approach. Selective carious tissue removal is a feasible approach to extensively damaged teeth since it reduced the occurrence of pulpal exposure and root fractures, without compromising the fracture strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maximiliano Sérgio Cenci
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ng E, Saini S, Schulze KA, Horst J, Le T, Habelitz S. Shear Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement to Silver Diamine Fluoride-Treated Artificial Dentinal Caries. Pediatr Dent 2020; 42:221-225. [PMID: 32522327 PMCID: PMC8376221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the shear bond strength (SBS) of glass ionomer cement (GIC) to artificial carious dentin with and without silver diamine fluoride (SDF) treatment. Methods: Permanent molars were sectioned and demineralized to create artificial carious lesions. In five groups, the demineralization of dentin, application of SDF, use of conditioner, and elapsed time between the placement of SDF and restoration were tested for differences in SBS using an UltraTester machine. Statistical analysis was done using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests. Results: The highest bond strength was found when GIC was placed on conditioned and demineralized dentin treated with SDF one week earlier. Treatment with SDF and use of conditioner did not statistically affect the SBS of GIC to demineralized dentin. Statistically significant increases in bond strength were found when one week elapsed between SDF application and GIC placement. The lowest bond strength was found with immediate GIC application onto SDF-treated demineralized dentin. Conclusions: These in vitro findings suggest that silver diamine fluoride treatment does not significantly affect the bond strength of glass ionomer cement to dentin lesions, and improved retention is obtained by allowing SDF solution to set for one week prior to GIC placement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ng
- Dr. Ng is a pediatric dentist in private practice, Santa Clara, Calif., USA
| | - Sapna Saini
- Dr. Saini is a pediatric dental resident, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - Karen A Schulze
- Dr. Schulze is an associate professor, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, and director, Clinical Research, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco
| | - Jeremy Horst
- Dr. Horst is a pediatric dentist in private practice, Windsor, Calif., USA
| | - Thuan Le
- Dr. Le is an associate professor, Division of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, Calif., USA
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Dr. Stefan Habelitz is a professor, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif., USA;,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Soares Dos Santos DM, Braga AS, Rizk M, Wiegand A, Magalhães AC. Comparison between micro-computed tomography and transverse microradiography of sound dentine treated with fluorides and demineralized by microcosm biofilm. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:508-514. [PMID: 31584713 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to apply micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and transverse microradiography (TMR) to measure dentine demineralization and to test the preventive effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4 ) under microcosm biofilm. Sound dentine specimens from bovine root were treated for 6 h with: (i) 4.0% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4 ) varnish [pH 1.0, 2.45% fluoride (F-); (ii) 5.42% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish (pH 5.0, 2.45% F); (iii) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel (pH 7.0); (iv) placebo varnish (pH 5.0); or (v) no agent (untreated). Dentine specimens were then exposed to human saliva mixed with McBain saliva for 8 h. Thereafter, McBain saliva containing 0.2% sucrose was applied daily, for 5 d, onto dentine specimens to stimulate formation of microcosm biofilm. Although a high correlation was found between the results of both methods regarding integrated mineral loss, the results of the methods did not show good agreement in Bland-Altman plots, with significant biases in calculations of lesion depth. Fluoride varnishes were able to reduce dentine demineralization (P < 0.05), while CHX failed to do so. Fluorides are still the best option to reduce dentine demineralization. Micro-CT may be used to measure dentine mineral loss, but not the lesion depth, for which TMR is superior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline S Braga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Marta Rizk
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana C Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Llena C, Esteve I, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Forner L. The application of casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF) for restoring mineral loss after dental bleaching with hydrogen or carbamide peroxide: An in vitro study. Ann Anat 2019; 225:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Trevelin LT, Villanueva J, Zamperini CA, Mathew MT, Matos AB, Bedran-Russo AK. Investigation of five α-hydroxy acids for enamel and dentin etching: Demineralization depth, resin adhesion and dentin enzymatic activity. Dent Mater 2019; 35:900-908. [PMID: 30975484 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Surface conditioning of enamel and dentin is a key step during adhesive restorative procedures and strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of five α-hydroxy-acids (AHAs) as enamel and dentin surface etchants. METHODS Enamel and dentin specimens were prepared from human molars to determine the depth of demineralization by optical profilometry (Δz), the resin bond strength to enamel and dentin (μTBS), the micro-permeability of dentin-resin interfaces, and the gelatinolytic activity of dentin matrix induced by AHAs [glycolic (GA), lactic (LA), citric (CA), malic (MI) and tartaric (TA)] and controls [phosphoric (PA) and maleic (MA)]. All acids were prepared at 35% concentration. Adhesion studies employed Adper Single Bond Plus bonding system. Data were individually processed and analyzed by ANOVA, post-hoc tests and Pearson correlations (α = 0.05). RESULTS AHA exhibited statistically lower depth of demineralization of enamel and dentin (average 4 fold) than controls (p < 0.001). In enamel, MA and PA etching resulted in higher μTBS than AHA groups (p < 0.001). In dentin, GA, TA, CI and LA etching resulted in statistically similar μTBS than PA (p < 0.05). The hybrid-layer (HL) thickness and interfacial micro-permeability intensity were statistically lower for AHA groups (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between the intensity of micro-permeability and the thickness of HL (p < 0.05). AHA etchants elicited lower dentin enzymatic activity than controls (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE AHAs effectively etched enamel and dentin surfaces. In particular, GA and TA resulted in suitable μTBS and sealing ability as well as induced less gelatinolytic activity in dentin than PA and MA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Tosi Trevelin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, UIC, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Villanueva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, UIC, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Camila A Zamperini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, UIC, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mathew T Mathew
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, UIC, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adriana Bona Matos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana K Bedran-Russo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, UIC, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bacino M, Girn V, Nurrohman H, Saeki K, Marshall SJ, Gower L, Saeed E, Stewart R, Le T, Marshall GW, Habelitz S. Integrating the PILP-mineralization process into a restorative dental treatment. Dent Mater 2018; 35:53-63. [PMID: 30545611 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The addition of charged polymers, like poly-aspartic acid (pAsp), to mineralizing solutions allows for transport of calcium and phosphate ions into the lumen of collagen fibrils and subsequent crystallization of oriented apatite crystals by the so-called Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) mineralization process, leading to the functional recovery of artificial dentin lesions by intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of applying the PILP method as part of a restorative treatment and test for effectiveness to functionally remineralize artificial lesions in dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two methods of providing pAsp to standardized artificial lesions during a restorative procedure were applied: (A) pAsp was mixed into commercial RMGI (resin modified glass ionomer) cement formulations and (B) pAsp was added at high concentration (25mg/ml) in solution to rehydrate lesions before restoring with a RMGI cement. All specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid for two weeks to allow for remineralization and then analyzed for dehydration shrinkage, integrity of cement-dentin interface, degree of mineralization, and changes in the nanomechanical profile (E-modulus) across the lesion. RESULTS After the remineralization treatment, lesion shrinkage was significantly reduced for all treatment groups compared to demineralized samples. Pores developed in RMGI when pAsp was added. A thin layer at the dentin-cement interface, rich in polymer formed possibly from a reaction between pAsp and the RMGI. When analyzed by SEM under vacuum, most lesions delaminated from the cement interface. EDS-analysis showed some but not full recovery of calcium and phosphorous levels for treatment groups that involved pAsp. Nanoindentations placed across the interface indicated improvement for RMGI containing 40% pAsp, and were significantly elevated when lesions were rehydrated with pAsp before being restored with RMGI. In particular the most demineralized outer zone recovered substantially in the elastic modulus, suggesting that functional remineralization has been initiated by pAsp delivery upon rehydration of air-dried demineralized dentin. In contrast, the effectiveness of the RMGI on functional remineralization of dentin was minimal when pAsp was absent. SIGNIFICANCE Incorporation of pAsp into restorative treatments using RMGIs promises to be a feasible way to induce the PILP-mineralization process in a clinical setting and to repair the structure and properties of dentin damaged by the caries process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot Bacino
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vishavjeet Girn
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Nurrohman
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA; Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Kuniko Saeki
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sally J Marshall
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laurie Gower
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ella Saeed
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ray Stewart
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thuan Le
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Grayson W Marshall
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Uchinuma S, Shimada Y, Matin K, Hosaka K, Yoshiyama M, Sumi Y, Tagami J. Effects of UVB and UVC irradiation on cariogenic bacteria in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:981-989. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
19
|
Yu OY, Zhao IS, Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Caries-arresting effects of silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride on dentine caries lesions. J Dent 2018; 78:65-71. [PMID: 30114443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the remineralising effect and bacterial growth inhibition of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on artificial dentine caries lesions. METHODS Demineralised dentine blocks were treated with SDF + NaF (Group 1), SDF (Group 2), NaF (Group 3) and water (Group 4) and subjected to a Streptococcus mutans biofilm challenge. Lesion depth, precipitates' characteristics and matrix (collagen)-to-mineral ratio were evaluated by micro-computer tomography (micro-CT), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The biofilm kinetics, viability and topography were assessed by counts of colony forming units (CFUs), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Data were analysed by two-way ANOVA test. RESULTS The lesion depths of Groups 1-4 were 170 ± 28 μm, 160 ± 32 μm, 353 ± 38 μm and 449 ± 24 μm, respectively. The addition of NaF to SDF did not show better remineralisation than SDF (p = 0.491). Metallic silver and silver chloride were found in Groups 1 and 2. The amide I-to-hydrogen phosphate ratios of the four groups were 0.14 ± 0.02, 0.14 ± 0.01, 0.29 ± 0.05 and 0.49 ± 0.16, respectively, and the addition of NaF to SDF did not offer better protection against collagen exposure than SDF (p = 0.986). The Log10 CFUs of Groups 1-4 were 5.75 ± 0.56, 4.49 ± 0.57, 6.55 ± 0.39 and 6.40 ± 0.38, respectively. The presence of NaF reduced the antibacterial effect of SDF (p < 0.001). The SEM and CLSM images supported the findings. CONCLUSION Application of SDF with or without NaF reduced the demineralisation of dentine caries, but SDF exerted stronger inhibition of biofilm growth than SDF with NaF. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE NaF varnish affects the antibacterialeffects of SDF, the adjunctive application of SDF solution and NaF varnish is not recommended to arrest dentine caries in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ollie Y Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene S Zhao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - May L Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edward C M Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C H Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Automated Analysis of Spatially Resolved X-ray Scattering and Micro Computed Tomography of Artificial and Natural Enamel Carious Lesions. J Imaging 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/jimaging4060081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
21
|
Silva PFD, Oliveira LRS, Braga SSL, Signori C, Armstrong SR, Soares CJ, Cenci MS, Faria-E-Silva AL. Effect of selective carious tissue removal on biomechanical behavior of class II bulk-fill dental composite restorations. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1289-1298. [PMID: 29793795 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a method to induce carious lesions in the pulpal floor dentin of a class II cavity preparation, and to determine the effects of this carious lesion on the biomechanical behavior of the dental composite restoration. METHODS The pulpal floor dentin of class I cavities in sound third molars were demineralised with acetic acid for 35days followed by a 7-day exposure to pooled human saliva biofilm and demineralization was verified by micro-CT. Subsequently, the proximal walls were removed forming a class II cavity and the caries lesion was left intact or was completely removed prior to restoration with a bulk-fill dental composite (n=10). Cuspal deflection was assessed by strain-gauge and micro-CT imaging. The presence of enamel cracks was assessed by transillumination before and after restoration, and again after 1,200,000 cycles of mechanical fatigue in a chewing simulator. Finally, resistance to fracture by axial compressive loading and failure mode was determined. Data were analyzed by 2-way repeated measures ANOVA, Fisher's exact test, and t-test (α=0.05). RESULTS The presence of carious lesions had no significant effect upon cuspal deflection, formation of enamel cracks, and fracture strength of the dental composite restorations. The restorative procedure increased the number of enamel cracks, which was not affected by mechanical cycling. SIGNIFICANCE Maintaining carious lesions does not affect the biomechanical behavior of class II restorations performed with bulk-fill dental composite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernanda Damasceno Silva
- Graduate program in Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Claudio Batista s/n, Sanatorio, Aracaju, SE, 49060-100, Brazil.
| | - Lais Rani Sales Oliveira
- Graduate program in Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia,Av. Pará 1720, Bloco 4LA, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Stella Sueli Lourenço Braga
- Graduate program in Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia,Av. Pará 1720, Bloco 4LA, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Cácia Signori
- Graduate program in Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves 457, sala 505, Pelotas, RS, 96015-560, Brazil.
| | - Steve R Armstrong
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa,S-244A Dental Science Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Bloco 4LA, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Maximiliano Sérgio Cenci
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa,S-244A Dental Science Building, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - André Luis Faria-E-Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Claudio Batista s/n, Sanatorio, Aracaju, SE, 49060-100, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu OY, Zhao IS, Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Effect of Silver Nitrate and Sodium Fluoride with Tri-Calcium Phosphate on Streptococcus mutans and Demineralised Dentine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051288. [PMID: 29693627 PMCID: PMC5983598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 25% silver nitrate (AgNO3) and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish with functionalized tri-calcium phosphate (fTCP) on a Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm and dentine caries lesion. Demineralised dentine specimens were treated with 25% AgNO3 and 5% NaF + fTCP (Group 1), 25% AgNO3 and 5% NaF (Group 2), 25% AgNO3 (Group 3), or water (Group 4). The specimens were subjected to a S. mutans biofilm challenge after treatment. The biofilm was then studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and colony forming units (CFU). The specimens were assessed by micro-computed tomography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM and CLSM revealed less biofilm in Groups 1 to 3. The log10 CFU of Groups 1 to 4 were 4.5 ± 0.7, 4.4 ± 0.9, 4.4 ± 0.9, and 6.7 ± 1.0, respectively (Groups 1, 2, 3 < 4, p < 0.001). The lesion depths of Groups 1 to 4 were 212.6 ± 20.1 µm, 280.8 ± 51.6 µm, 402.5 ± 61.7 µm, and 497.4 ± 67.2 µm, respectively (Groups 1 < 2 < 3 < 4, p < 0.001). XRD demonstrated silver chloride formation in Groups 1, 2, and 3. FTIR found the amide I: HPO42− values of the four groups were 0.22 ± 0.05, 0.25 ± 0.05, 0.41 ± 0.12, and 0.64 ± 0.14, respectively (Groups 1, 2 < 3 < 4; p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study revealed that AgNO3 and NaF + fTCP reduced the damage of dentine caries by cariogenic biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Menezes RPD, Silva PD, Leal PC, Faria-e-Silva AL. Impact of 35% Hydrogen Peroxide on Color and Translucency Changes in Enamel and Dentin. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:88-92. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of tooth bleaching with high-concentration of hydrogen peroxide on alterations of translucency parameter (TP) and color of dentin and enamel. The crown of five human molars was sectioned into four slices parallel to buccal surface. The dentin of external slices containing buccal/ lingual enamel was fully removed with diamond bur; while these slices were used to assess alterations on enamel. Alterations on dentin were assessed into the center of internal slices. The color of specimens was measured over white and black backgrounds using a spectrophotometer (CieL*a*b) at baseline, allowing to calculate the TP by difference between the color measured over each background. Specimens were submitted to three 15-min applications of 35% hydrogen peroxide followed by their storage in water for one-week. Afterwards, the color measurements were repeated at both backgrounds. Color (∆L, ∆a, ∆b and ∆E) and translucency (∆TP) changes were calculated and data individually analyzed by T-test (α = 0.05). Influence of hard tissue and assessment time on each color parameter was also analyzed by 2-way repeated measure ANOVA (α = 0.05). Tooth bleaching resulted in increased lightness for the enamel, whereas no alteration on this parameter occurred for dentin. No difference between the tooth hard tissues was observed regards the other color parameters and ∆E. A slightly reduction on TP was observed only for the enamel. In conclusion, 35% hydrogen peroxide caused similar color and translucency changes on dentin and enamel.
Collapse
|
24
|
Nurrohman H, Carneiro KMM, Hellgeth J, Saeki K, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW, Habelitz S. The role of protease inhibitors on the remineralization of demineralized dentin using the PILP method. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188277. [PMID: 29182665 PMCID: PMC5705123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralized and sound dentin matrices contain inactive preforms of proteolytic enzymes that may be activated during the demineralization cycle. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that protease inhibitors (PI) preserve demineralized collagen fibrils and other constituents of the dentin matrix and thereby affect the potential for remineralization. Artificial carious lesions with lesion depths of 140 μm were created with acetate buffer (pH = 5.0, 66 hours), and remineralized using a polymer-induced-liquid-precursor (PILP) process (pH = 7.4, 14 days) containing poly(aspartic acid) (pAsp) as the process-directing agent. De- and remineralizing procedures were performed in the presence or absence of PI. Ultrastructure and mechanical recovery of demineralized dentin following PILP remineralization were examined and measured in water with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation. Nanomechanical properties of hydrated artificial lesions had a low elastic modulus (ER <0.4 GPa) extending about 100 μm into the lesion, followed by a sloped region of about 140 μm depth where values reached those of normal dentin (18.0–20.0 GPa). Mapping of mineral content by both micro-FTIR and micro x-ray computed tomography correlated well with modulus profiles obtained by nanoindentation. Tissue demineralized in the presence of PI exhibited higher elastic moduli (average 2.8 GPa) across the lesion and comprised a narrow zone in the outer lesion with strongly increased modulus (up to 8 GPa; p < 0.05), which might be related to the preservation of non-collagenous proteins that appear to induce calcium phosphate mineral formation even under demineralizing physical-chemical conditions. However, mechanical aspects of remineralization through the elastic modulus change, and the micromorphological aspects with SEM and TEM observation were almost identical with PILP treatments being conducted in the presence or absence of PI. Thus, the application of the protease inhibitors (PI) seemed to be less effective in promoting the remineralization of demineralized dentin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Nurrohman
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Karina M. M. Carneiro
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Hellgeth
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, United States of America
| | - Kuniko Saeki
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Sally J. Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Grayson W. Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GWM); (SH)
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GWM); (SH)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu OY, Mei ML, Zhao IS, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Effects of Fluoride on Two Chemical Models of Enamel Demineralization. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10111245. [PMID: 29077034 PMCID: PMC5706192 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of fluoride on subsurface enamel demineralization induced by two commonly used chemical models. Forty-eight enamel blocks were demineralized at pH = 5.0 by an acetate buffer (Group 1), a lactate buffer (Group 2), an acetate buffer with 0.02 ppm fluoride (Group 3) and a lactate buffer with 0.02 ppm fluoride (Group 4) at 25 °C for 3 weeks. The surface destruction percentage (SDP), mineral loss and lesion depth of the blocks were studied using micro-computed tomography. An elemental analysis of the enamel surface was evaluated using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Surface micro-hardness was determined by the Knoop Hardness Test. The mean lesion depth of Groups 1 through 4 were 134.1 ± 27.2 μm, 96.1 ± 16.5 μm, 97.5 ± 22.4 μm and 91.1 ± 16.2 μm, respectively (p < 0.001; group 1 > 2, 3 > 4). The SDPs of groups 1 through 4 were 7.8 ± 8.93%, 0.71 ± 1.6%, 0.36 ± 1.70% and 1.36 ± 2.94% (p < 0.001; group 1 > 2, 3, 4). The fluoride in mean weight percentages of groups 1 through 4 were 1.12 ± 0.24%, 1.10 ± 0.20%, 1.45 ± 0.40% and 1.51 ± 0.51%, respectively (p < 0.001; group 3, 4 > 1, 2). The mean Knoop hardness values of groups 1 through 4 were 27.5 ± 13.3, 39.7 ± 19.3, 73.6 ± 44.2 and 91.0 ± 57.2, respectively (p < 0.001; group 4 > 3 > 2 > 1). The chemical model using an acetate buffer solution created significantly deeper zones of subsurface demineralization on enamel than the lactate buffer solution. An acetate buffer may damage the enamel surface, but the surface damage can be prevented by adding fluoride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chien YC, Tao J, Saeki K, Chin AF, Lau JL, Chen CL, Zuckermann RN, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW, De Yoreo JJ. Using biomimetic polymers in place of noncollagenous proteins to achieve functional remineralization of dentin tissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3469-3479. [PMID: 29479561 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In calcified tissues such as bones and teeth, mineralization is regulated by an extracellular matrix, which includes non-collagenous proteins (NCP). This natural process has been adapted or mimicked to restore tissues following physical damage or demineralization by using polyanionic acids in place of NCPs, but the remineralized tissues fail to fully recover their mechanical properties. Here we show that pre-treatment with certain amphiphilic peptoids, a class of peptide-like polymers consisting of N-substituted glycines that have defined monomer sequences, enhances ordering and mineralization of collagen and induces functional remineralization of dentin lesions in vitro. In the vicinity of dentin tubules, the newly formed apatite nano-crystals are co-aligned with the c-axis parallel to the tubular periphery and recovery of tissue ultrastructure is accompanied by development of high mechanical strength. The observed effects are highly sequence-dependent with alternating polar and non-polar groups leading to positive outcomes while diblock sequences have no effect. The observations suggest aromatic groups interact with the collagen while the hydrophilic side chains bind the mineralizing constituents and highlight the potential of synthetic sequence-defined biomimetic polymers to serve as NCP mimics in tissue remineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ching Chien
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720.,Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720.,Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Kuniko Saeki
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Alexander F Chin
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Jolene L Lau
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720.,Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Ronald N Zuckermann
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - Sally J Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Grayson W Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720.,Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cai J, Palamara JEA, Manton DJ, Burrow MF. Status and progress of treatment methods for root caries in the last decade: a literature review. Aust Dent J 2017; 63:34-54. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Cai
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - JEA Palamara
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - DJ Manton
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - MF Burrow
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saeki K, Chien YC, Nonomura G, Chin AF, Habelitz S, Gower LB, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW. Recovery after PILP remineralization of dentin lesions created with two cariogenic acids. Arch Oral Biol 2017. [PMID: 28647649 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acetate and lactate are important cariogenic acids produced by oral bacteria. They produced different residual dentin structures in artificial lesions of similar depth. We evaluated if such lesions responded in the same way to a polymer-induced-liquid-precursor (PILP) remineralization. DESIGN Dentin blocks obtained from human third molars, divided into 6 groups (n=3). Blocks were demineralized with acetate (66h) or lactate (168h) buffer at pH 5.0 to create 140μm target lesion depths. A-DEM and L-DEM groups received no remineralization. Other groups were remineralized for 14days. 100μg/mL polyaspartate was added into the remineralizing buffer for A-PIL and L-PIL, whereas A-CAP and L-CAP were treated with the same solution but without polyaspartate. Cross-sectioned blocks were examined for shrinkage and AFM-topography. Line profiles of reduced elastic modulus (Er) were obtained by AFM-based nanoindentation across the lesion. Ultrastructures were examined with TEM. RESULTS A-PIL and L-PIL recovered in shrinkage to the original height of the dentin and it appeared normal with tubules, with increases in Er at both outer flat and inner sloped zones. At the sloped zone, acetate lesions lost more Er but recovery rate after PILP was not statistically different from lactate lesions. A-CAP and L-CAP showed surface precipitates, significantly less recovery in shrinkage or Er as compared to PILP groups. TEM-ultrastructure of PILP groups showed similar structural and mineral components in the sloped zone for lesions produced by either acid. CONCLUSIONS The PILP process provided significant recovery of both structure and mechanical properties for artificial lesions produced with acetate or lactate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Saeki
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0758, USA.
| | - Y-C Chien
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0758, USA
| | - G Nonomura
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0758, USA
| | - A F Chin
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0758, USA
| | - S Habelitz
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0758, USA
| | - L B Gower
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6400, USA
| | - S J Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0758, USA
| | - G W Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0758, USA
| |
Collapse
|