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Sun Z, Aschalew ND, Cheng L, Xia Y, Zhang L, Yin G, Wang S, Wang Z, Dong J, Zhang W, Zhao W, Qin G, Zhang X, Zhong R, Wang T, Zhen Y. Dietary 5-hydroxytryptophan improves sheep growth performance by enhancing ruminal functions, antioxidant capacity, and tryptophan metabolism: in vitro and in vivo studies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1398310. [PMID: 38835767 PMCID: PMC11148369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1398310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) can regulate the synthesis of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and melatonin (MT). In a previous metabolome analysis, we found that 5-HTP is an effective ingredient in yeast culture for regulating rumen fermentation. However, research on the effect of this microbial product (5-HTP) as a functional feed additive in sheep production is still not well explained. Therefore, this study examined the effects of 5-HTP on sheep rumen function and growth performance using in vitro and in vivo models. Methods A two-factor in vitro experiment involving different 5-HTP doses and fermentation times was conducted. Then, in the in vivo experiment, 10 sheep were divided into a control group which was fed a basal diet, and a 5-HTP group supplemented with 8 mg/kg 5-HTP for 60 days. Results The results showed that 5-HTP supplementation had a significant effect on in vitro DMD, pH, NH3-N, acetic acid, propionic acid, and TVFA concentrations. 5-HTP altered rumen bacteria composition and diversity indices including Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson. Moreover, the in vivo study on sheep confirmed that supplementing with 8 mg/kg of 5-HTP improved rumen fermentation efficiency and microbial composition. This led to enhanced sheep growth performance and increased involvement in the tryptophan metabolic pathway, suggesting potential benefits. Conclusion Dietary 5-HTP (8 mg/kg DM) improves sheep growth performance by enhancing ruminal functions, antioxidant capacity, and tryptophan metabolism. This study can provide a foundation for the development of 5-HTP as a functional feed additive in ruminants' production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Natnael D Aschalew
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Long Cheng
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanhong Xia
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Longyu Zhang
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guopei Yin
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shikun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianan Dong
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Guixin Qin
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhong
- Jilin Province Feed Processing and Ruminant Precision Breeding Cross-Regional Cooperation Technology Innovation Center, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Yuguo Zhen
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Changchun, China
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2
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El Baassiri MG, Raouf Z, Badin S, Escobosa A, Sodhi CP, Nasr IW. Dysregulated brain-gut axis in the setting of traumatic brain injury: review of mechanisms and anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapies. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:124. [PMID: 38730498 PMCID: PMC11083845 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic and debilitating disease, associated with a high risk of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite significant advancements in improving outcomes, the lack of effective treatments underscore the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. The brain-gut axis has emerged as a crucial bidirectional pathway connecting the brain and the gastrointestinal (GI) system through an intricate network of neuronal, hormonal, and immunological pathways. Four main pathways are primarily implicated in this crosstalk, including the systemic immune system, autonomic and enteric nervous systems, neuroendocrine system, and microbiome. TBI induces profound changes in the gut, initiating an unrestrained vicious cycle that exacerbates brain injury through the brain-gut axis. Alterations in the gut include mucosal damage associated with the malabsorption of nutrients/electrolytes, disintegration of the intestinal barrier, increased infiltration of systemic immune cells, dysmotility, dysbiosis, enteroendocrine cell (EEC) dysfunction and disruption in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS). Collectively, these changes further contribute to brain neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via the gut-brain axis. In this review article, we elucidate the roles of various anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapies capable of attenuating the dysregulated inflammatory response along the brain-gut axis in TBI. These agents include hormones such as serotonin, ghrelin, and progesterone, ANS regulators such as beta-blockers, lipid-lowering drugs like statins, and intestinal flora modulators such as probiotics and antibiotics. They attenuate neuroinflammation by targeting distinct inflammatory pathways in both the brain and the gut post-TBI. These therapeutic agents exhibit promising potential in mitigating inflammation along the brain-gut axis and enhancing neurocognitive outcomes for TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G El Baassiri
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Zachariah Raouf
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sarah Badin
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Alejandro Escobosa
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chhinder P Sodhi
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Isam W Nasr
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Dunham SJB, Avelar-Barragan J, Rothman JA, Adams ED, Faraci G, Forner S, Kawauchi S, Tenner AJ, Green KN, LaFerla FM, MacGregor GR, Mapstone M, Whiteson KL. Sex-specific associations between AD genotype and the microbiome of human amyloid beta knock-in (hAβ-KI) mice. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38572865 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence links changes in the gut microbiome to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), necessitating examination of AD mouse models with consideration of the microbiome. METHODS We used shotgun metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics to study the human amyloid beta knock-in (hAβ-KI) murine model for LOAD compared to both wild-type (WT) mice and a model for early-onset AD (3xTg-AD). RESULTS Eighteen-month female (but not male) hAβ-KI microbiomes were distinct from WT microbiomes, with AD genotype accounting for 18% of the variance by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Metabolomic diversity differences were observed in females, however no individual metabolites were differentially abundant. hAβ-KI mice microbiomes were distinguishable from 3xTg-AD animals (81% accuracy by random forest modeling), with separation primarily driven by Romboutsia ilealis and Turicibacter species. Microbiomes were highly cage specific, with cage assignment accounting for more than 40% of the PERMANOVA variance between the groups. DISCUSSION These findings highlight a sex-dependent variation in the microbiomes of hAβ-KI mice and underscore the importance of considering the microbiome when designing studies that use murine models for AD. HIGHLIGHTS Microbial diversity and the abundance of several species differed in human amyloid beta knock-in (hAβ-KI) females but not males. Correlations to Alzheimer's disease (AD) genotype were stronger for the microbiome than the metabolome. Microbiomes from hAβ-KI mice were distinct from 3xTg-AD mice. Cage effects accounted for most of the variance in the microbiome and metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage J B Dunham
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Julio Avelar-Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jason A Rothman
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Eric D Adams
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Gina Faraci
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Stefania Forner
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shimako Kawauchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Developmental Biology Center, University of California Irvine, College of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Grant R MacGregor
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Katrine L Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Tang X, Guo Z, Chen G, Sun S, Xiao S, Chen P, Tang G, Huang L, Wang Y. A Multimodal Meta-Analytical Evidence of Functional and Structural Brain Abnormalities Across Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102240. [PMID: 38395200 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous neuroimaging studies have reported that Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum have been linked to alterations in intrinsic functional activity and cortical thickness (CT) of some brain areas. However, the findings have been inconsistent and the correlation with the transcriptional profile and neurotransmitter systems remain largely unknown. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis to identify multimodal differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF)/fractional ALFF (fALFF) and CT in patients with AD and preclinical AD compared to healthy controls (HCs), using the Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images software. Transcriptional data were retrieved from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. The atlas-based nuclear imaging-derived neurotransmitter maps were investigated by JuSpace toolbox. RESULTS We included 26 ALFF/fALFF studies comprising 884 patients with AD and 1,020 controls, along with 52 studies comprising 2,046 patients with preclinical AD and 2,336 controls. For CT, we included 11 studies comprising 353 patients with AD and 330 controls. Overall, compared to HCs, patients with AD showed decreased ALFF/fALFF in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC)/precuneus and right angular gyrus, as well as increased ALFF/fALFF in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Patients with peclinical AD showed decreased ALFF/fALFF in the left precuneus. Additionally, patients with AD displayed decreased CT in the bilateral PHG, left PCC, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, sensorimotor areas and temporal lobe. Furthermore, gene sets related to brain structural and functional changes in AD and preclincal AD were enriched for G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, ion gated channel activity, and components of biological membrane. Functional and structural alterations in AD and preclinical AD were spatially associated with dopaminergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems. CONCLUSIONS The multimodal meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with AD exhibited convergent functional and structural alterations in the PCC/precuneus and PHG, as well as cortical thinning in the primary sensory and motor areas. Furthermore, patients with preclinical AD showed reduced functional activity in the precuneus. AD and preclinical AD showed genetic modulations/neurotransmitter deficits of brain functional and structural impairments. These findings may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of the AD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shilin Sun
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guixian Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Zhuang H, Cao X, Tang X, Zou Y, Yang H, Liang Z, Yan X, Chen X, Feng X, Shen L. Investigating metabolic dysregulation in serum of triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease male mice: implications for pathogenesis and potential biomarkers. Amino Acids 2024; 56:10. [PMID: 38315232 PMCID: PMC10844422 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that lacks convenient and accessible peripheral blood diagnostic markers and effective drugs. Metabolic dysfunction is one of AD risk factors, which leaded to alterations of various metabolites in the body. Pathological changes of the brain can be reflected in blood metabolites that are expected to explain the disease mechanisms or be candidate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of targeted metabolites within peripheral blood of AD mouse model, with the purpose of exploring the disease mechanism and potential biomarkers. Targeted metabolomics was used to quantify 256 metabolites in serum of triple transgenic AD (3 × Tg-AD) male mice. Compared with controls, 49 differential metabolites represented dysregulation in purine, pyrimidine, tryptophan, cysteine and methionine and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Among them, adenosine, serotonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, and acetylcholine play a key role in regulating neural transmitter network. The alteration of S-adenosine-L-homocysteine, S-adenosine-L-methionine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide in AD mice serum can served as indicator of AD risk. The results revealed the changes of metabolites in serum, suggesting that metabolic dysregulation in periphery in AD mice may be related to the disturbances in neuroinhibition, the serotonergic system, sleep function, the cholinergic system, and the gut microbiota. This study provides novel insights into the dysregulation of several key metabolites and metabolic pathways in AD, presenting potential avenues for future research and the development of peripheral biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhuang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Cao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Zou
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Liang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingui Feng
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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Yue M, Zhang L. Exploring the Mechanistic Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Precocious Puberty: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:323. [PMID: 38399733 PMCID: PMC10892899 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been implicated in the context of sexual maturation during puberty, with discernible differences in its composition before and after this critical developmental stage. Notably, there has been a global rise in the prevalence of precocious puberty in recent years, particularly among girls, where approximately 90% of central precocious puberty cases lack a clearly identifiable cause. While a link between precocious puberty and the gut microbiota has been observed, the precise causality and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This narrative review aims to systematically elucidate the potential mechanisms that underlie the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and precocious puberty. Potential avenues of exploration include investigating the impact of the gut microbiota on endocrine function, particularly in the regulation of hormones, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Additionally, this review will delve into the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome, metabolism, and obesity, considering the known association between obesity and precocious puberty. This review will also explore how the microbiome's involvement in nutrient metabolism could impact precocious puberty. Finally, attention is given to the microbiota's ability to produce neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, potentially influencing the central nervous system components involved in regulating puberty. By exploring these mechanisms, this narrative review seeks to identify unexplored targets and emerging directions in understanding the role of the gut microbiome in relation to precocious puberty. The ultimate goal is to provide valuable insights for the development of non-invasive diagnostic methods and innovative therapeutic strategies for precocious puberty in the future, such as specific probiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yue
- Microbiome-X, National Institute of Health Data Science of China & Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Microbiome-X, National Institute of Health Data Science of China & Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Dissanayaka DMS, Jayasena V, Rainey-Smith SR, Martins RN, Fernando WMADB. The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:412. [PMID: 38337696 PMCID: PMC10857293 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Currently, Alzheimer's disease (AD) impacts 50 million individuals, with projections anticipating an increase to 152 million by the year 2050. Despite the increasing global prevalence of AD, its underlying pathology remains poorly understood, posing challenges for early diagnosis and treatment. Recent research suggests a link between gut dysbiosis and the aggregation of Aβ, the development of tau proteins, and the occurrence of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are associated with AD. However, investigations into the gut-brain axis (GBA) in the context of AD progression and pathology have yielded inconsistent findings. This review aims to enhance our understanding of microbial diversity at the species level and the role of these species in AD pathology. Additionally, this review addresses the influence of confounding elements, including diet, probiotics, and prebiotics, on AD throughout different stages (preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD) of its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Sithara Dissanayaka
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.M.S.D.); (S.R.R.-S.); (R.N.M.)
- Alzheimer’s Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Vijay Jayasena
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, M15, Rm. G54, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.M.S.D.); (S.R.R.-S.); (R.N.M.)
- Alzheimer’s Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Aging, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.M.S.D.); (S.R.R.-S.); (R.N.M.)
- Alzheimer’s Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - W. M. A. D. Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.M.S.D.); (S.R.R.-S.); (R.N.M.)
- Alzheimer’s Research Australia, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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8
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Hayer SS, Conrin M, French JA, Benson AK, Alvarez S, Cooper K, Fischer A, Alsafwani ZW, Gasper W, Suhr Van Haute MJ, Hassenstab HR, Azadmanesh S, Briardy M, Gerbers S, Jabenis A, Thompson JL, Clayton JB. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis elicits gut-brain axis relevant multi-omic signatures and behavioral and neuroendocrine changes in a nonhuman primate model. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2305476. [PMID: 38284649 PMCID: PMC10826635 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2305476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis can play an etiological role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, most of this evidence comes from rodent models. The objective of this study was to evaluate if antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis can elicit changes in gut metabolites and behavior indicative of gut-brain axis disruption in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) - a nonhuman primate model often used to study sociability and stress. We were able to successfully induce dysbiosis in marmosets using a custom antibiotic cocktail (vancomycin, enrofloxacin and neomycin) administered orally for 28 days. This gut dysbiosis altered gut metabolite profiles, behavior, and stress reactivity. Increase in gut Fusobacterium spp. post-antibiotic administration was a novel dysbiotic response and has not been observed in any rodent or human studies to date. There were significant changes in concentrations of several gut metabolites which are either neurotransmitters (e.g., GABA and serotonin) or have been found to be moderators of gut-brain axis communication in rodent models (e.g., short-chain fatty acids and bile acids). There was an increase in affiliative behavior and sociability in antibiotic-administered marmosets, which might be a coping mechanism in response to gut dysbiosis-induced stress. Increase in urinary cortisol levels after multiple stressors provides more definitive proof that this model of dysbiosis may cause disrupted communication between gut and brain in common marmosets. This study is a first attempt to establish common marmosets as a novel model to study the impact of severe gut dysbiosis on gut-brain axis cross-talk and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivdeep S. Hayer
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mackenzie Conrin
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. French
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Andrew K. Benson
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sophie Alvarez
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kathryn Cooper
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anne Fischer
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Zahraa Wajih Alsafwani
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - William Gasper
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mallory J. Suhr Van Haute
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Haley R. Hassenstab
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shayda Azadmanesh
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Missy Briardy
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Skyler Gerbers
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aliyah Jabenis
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Thompson
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Clayton
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Primate Microbiome Project, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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9
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Yan M, Man S, Sun B, Ma L, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Gut liver brain axis in diseases: the implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:443. [PMID: 38057297 PMCID: PMC10700720 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In the past few decades, breakthrough progress has been made in the gut liver brain axis, mainly through understanding its formation mechanism and increasing treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss various complex networks including barrier permeability, gut hormones, gut microbial metabolites, vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, immunity, brain toxic metabolites, β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, and epigenetic regulation in the gut-liver-brain axis. Some therapies containing antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), polyphenols, low FODMAP diet and nanotechnology application regulate the gut liver brain axis. Besides, some special treatments targeting gut-liver axis include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) agonists, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonists and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogs. Targeting gut-brain axis embraces cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants and tryptophan metabolism-related therapies. Targeting liver-brain axis contains epigenetic regulation and Aβ metabolism-related therapies. In the future, a better understanding of gut-liver-brain axis interactions will promote the development of novel preventative strategies and the discovery of precise therapeutic targets in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China.
| | - Benyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, China.
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10
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Tian J, Du E, Guo L. Mitochondrial Interaction with Serotonin in Neurobiology and Its Implication in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1165-1177. [PMID: 38025801 PMCID: PMC10657725 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe brain pathologies and progressive cognitive decline. While the exact cause of this disease remains unknown, emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of neurotransmitters contributes to the development of AD pathology and symptoms. Serotonin, a critical neurotransmitter in the brain, plays a pivotal role in regulating various brain processes and is implicated in neurological and psychiatric disorders, including AD. Recent studies have shed light on the interplay between mitochondrial function and serotonin regulation in brain physiology. In AD, there is a deficiency of serotonin, along with impairments in mitochondrial function, particularly in serotoninergic neurons. Additionally, altered activity of mitochondrial enzymes, such as monoamine oxidase, may contribute to serotonin dysregulation in AD. Understanding the intricate relationship between mitochondria and serotonin provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD and identifies potential therapeutic targets to restore serotonin homeostasis and alleviate AD symptoms. This review summarizes the recent advancements in unraveling the connection between brain mitochondria and serotonin, emphasizing their significance in AD pathogenesis and underscoring the importance of further research in this area. Elucidating the role of mitochondria in serotonin dysfunction will promote the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of this neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Eric Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Blue Valley West High School, Overland Park, KS, USA
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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11
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Tang H, Chen X, Huang S, Yin G, Wang X, Shen G. Targeting the gut-microbiota-brain axis in irritable bowel disease to improve cognitive function - recent knowledge and emerging therapeutic opportunities. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:763-773. [PMID: 36757367 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The brain-gut axis forms a bidirectional communication system between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and cognitive brain areas. Disturbances to this system in disease states such as inflammatory bowel disease have consequences for neuronal activity and subsequent cognitive function. The gut-microbiota-brain axis refers to the communication between gut-resident bacteria and the brain. This circuits exists to detect gut microorganisms and relay information to specific areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that in turn, regulate gut physiology. Changes in both the stability and diversity of the gut microbiota have been implicated in several neuronal disorders, including depression, autism spectrum disorder Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Correcting this imbalance with medicinal herbs, the metabolic products of dysregulated bacteria and probiotics have shown hope for the treatment of these neuronal disorders. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the intricate connections between the gut-microbiota and the brain. We discuss the contribution of gut microbiota to neuronal disorders and the tangible links between diseases of the GI tract with cognitive function and behaviour. In this regard, we focus on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) given its strong links to brain function and anxiety disorders. This adds to the growing body of evidence supporting targeted therapeutic strategies to modulate the gut microbiota for the treatment of brain/mental-health-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Tang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- School of Acupuncture and Massage, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shun Huang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Xin'an School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiyang Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guoming Shen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Qianjiang Road, 230012 Hefei, Anhui, China
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12
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Jiang J, Shi H, Jiang S, Wang A, Zou X, Wang Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Sun M, Ren Q, Xu J. Nutrition in Alzheimer's disease: a review of an underappreciated pathophysiological mechanism. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2257-2279. [PMID: 37058185 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older individuals and is an escalating challenge to global public health. Pharmacy therapy of AD is one of the well-funded areas; however, little progress has been made due to the complex pathogenesis. Recent evidence has demonstrated that modifying risk factors and lifestyle may prevent or delay the incidence of AD by 40%, which suggests that the management should pivot from single pharmacotherapy toward a multipronged approach because AD is a complex and multifaceted disease. Recently, the gut-microbiota-brain axis has gained tremendous traction in the pathogenesis of AD through bidirectional communication with multiple neural, immune, and metabolic pathways, providing new insights into novel therapeutic strategies. Dietary nutrition is an important and profound environmental factor that influences the composition and function of the microbiota. The Nutrition for Dementia Prevention Working Group recently found that dietary nutrition can affect cognition in AD-related dementia directly or indirectly through complex interactions of behavioral, genetic, systemic, and brain factors. Thus, considering the multiple etiologies of AD, nutrition represents a multidimensional factor that has a profound effect on AD onset and development. However, mechanistically, the effect of nutrition on AD is uncertain; therefore, optimal strategies or the timing of nutritional intervention to prevent or treat AD has not been established.Thus, this review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning nutritional disorders, AD patient and caregiver burden, and the roles of nutrition in the pathophysiology of AD. We aim to emphasize knowledge gaps to provide direction for future research and to establish optimal nutrition-based intervention strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Shirui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xinying Zou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Mengfan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qiwei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.
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13
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Chen H, Wang C, Bai J, Song J, Bu L, Liang M, Suo H. Targeting microbiota to alleviate the harm caused by sleep deprivation. Microbiol Res 2023; 275:127467. [PMID: 37549451 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation has become a common health hazard, affecting 37-58% of the population and promoting the occurrence and development of many diseases. To date, effective treatment strategies are still elusive. Accumulating evidence indicates that modulating the intestinal microbiota harbors significant potential for alleviating the deleterious impacts of sleep deprivation. This paper first reviews the effects of sleep deprivation on gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases, and neuropsychiatric diseases, discussing its specific mechanisms of influence. We then focus on summarizing existing interventions, including probiotics, melatonin, prebiotics, diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Finally, we have discussed the advantages and limitations of each strategy. Compared with other strategies, probiotics showed a high potential in alleviating sleep deprivation-related hazards due to their reduced risk and high security. We suggest that future research should focus on the specific mechanisms by which probiotics mitigate the harms of sleep deprivation, such insights may unveil novel pathways for treating diseases exacerbated by insufficient sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Food Industry Innovation Research Institute of Modern Sichuan Cuisine & Chongqing Flavor, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junying Bai
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Food Industry Innovation Research Institute of Modern Sichuan Cuisine & Chongqing Flavor, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Linli Bu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming Liang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Food Industry Innovation Research Institute of Modern Sichuan Cuisine & Chongqing Flavor, Chongqing 400715, China.
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14
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Sharma HS, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Nozari A, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Stress induced exacerbation of Alzheimer's disease brain pathology is thwarted by co-administration of nanowired cerebrolysin and monoclonal amyloid beta peptide antibodies with serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB-399885. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 171:3-46. [PMID: 37783559 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the devastating neurodegenerative diseases affecting mankind worldwide with advancing age mainly above 65 years and above causing great misery of life. About more than 7 millions are affected with Alzheimer's disease in America in 2023 resulting in huge burden on health care system and care givers and support for the family. However, no suitable therapeutic measures are available at the moment to enhance quality of life to these patients. Development of Alzheimer's disease may reflect the stress burden of whole life inculcating the disease processes of these neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system. Thus, new strategies using nanodelivery of suitable drug therapy including antibodies are needed in exploring neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease brain pathology. In this chapter role of stress in exacerbating Alzheimer's disease brain pathology is explored and treatment strategies are examined using nanotechnology based on our own investigation. Our observations clearly show that restraint stress significantly exacerbate Alzheimer's disease brain pathology and nanodelivery of a multimodal drug cerebrolysin together with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to amyloid beta peptide (AβP) together with a serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB399885 significantly thwarted Alzheimer's disease brain pathology exacerbated by restraint stress, not reported earlier. The possible mechanisms and future clinical significance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Dept. Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Mircea Eliade Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Dept. Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Dept. Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University, Albany str, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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15
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Li Y, Wu M, Kong M, Sui S, Wang Q, He Y, Gu J. Impact of Donepezil Supplementation on Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology and Gut Microbiome in APP/PS1 Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2306. [PMID: 37764150 PMCID: PMC10537997 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on published information, the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are potentially related to gut microbiota changes. Donepezil hydrochloride (DH), which enhances cholinergic activity by blocking acetylcholinesterase (AChE), is one of the first-line drugs for AD treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the USA. However, the potential link between the effects of DH on the pathophysiological processes of AD and the gut microbiota remains unclear. In this study, pathological changes in the brain and colon, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and AChE, and changes in intestinal flora were observed. The results showed that Aβ deposition in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of AD mice was significantly decreased, while colonic inflammation was significantly alleviated by DH treatment. Concomitantly, SOD activity was significantly improved, while AChE was significantly reduced after DH administration. In addition, the gut microbiota community composition of AD mice was significantly altered after DH treatment. The relative abundance of Akkermansia in the AD group was 54.8% higher than that in the N group. The relative abundance of Akkermansia was increased by 18.3% and 53.8% in the AD_G group and the N_G group, respectively. Interestingly, Akkermansia showed a potential predictive value and might be a biomarker for AD. Molecular docking revealed the binding mode and major forces between DH and membrane proteins of Akkermansia. The overall results suggest a novel therapeutic mechanism for treating AD and highlight the critical role of gut microbiota in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Mengyao Wu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Mengmeng Kong
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Shaomei Sui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.)
| | - Jinsong Gu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (M.K.)
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16
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Choi H, Mook-Jung I. Functional effects of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 81:102730. [PMID: 37236067 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The precise causation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown, and the factors that contribute to its etiology are highly complicated. Numerous research has been conducted to investigate the potential impact of various factors to the risk of AD development or prevention against it. A growing body of evidence suggests to the importance of the gut microbiota-brain axis in the modulation of AD, which is characterized by altered gut microbiota composition. These changes can alter the production of microbial-derived metabolites, which may play a detrimental role in disease progression by being involved in cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and accumulation of Aβ and tau. The focus of this review is on the relationship between the key metabolic products of the gut microbiota and AD pathogenesis in the brain. Understanding the action of microbial metabolites can open up new avenues for the development of AD treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Choi
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Post Z, Manfready RA, Keshavarzian A. Overview of the Gut-Brain Axis: From Gut to Brain and Back Again. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:506-517. [PMID: 37562457 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis refers to a bidirectional communication pathway linking the gastrointestinal system to the central nervous system. The hardware of this multifaceted pathway takes many forms, at once structural (neurons, microglia, intestinal epithelial cell barrier), chemical (neurotransmitters, enteroendocrine hormones, bacterial metabolites), and cellular (immune signaling, inflammatory pathways). The gut-brain axis is exquisitely influenced by our environment, diet, and behaviors. Here, we will describe recent progress in understanding the gut-brain axis in neurological disease, using Parkinson's disease as a guide. We will see that each component of the gut-brain axis is heavily mediated by intestinal microbiota and learn how gut-brain communication can go awry in microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Post
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard A Manfready
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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18
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Zhu G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Gut Microbiota and its Metabolites: Bridge of Dietary Nutrients and Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:819-839. [PMID: 37075947 PMCID: PMC10334159 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation. Recent research has revealed the crucial role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in modulating AD. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiome and microbial metabolites affect brain function remain poorly understood. Here, we review the literature on changes in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome in patients with AD and in animal models of AD. We also discuss the latest progress in understanding the pathways by which the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites from the host or diet regulate AD. By understanding the effects of dietary components on brain function, microbiota composition, and microbial metabolites, we examine the potential for manipulation of the gut microbiota through dietary intervention to delay the progression of AD. Although it is challenging to translate our understanding of microbiome-based approaches to dietary guidelines or clinical therapies, these findings provide an attractive target for promoting brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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19
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López-Villodres JA, Escamilla A, Mercado-Sáenz S, Alba-Tercedor C, Rodriguez-Perez LM, Arranz-Salas I, Sanchez-Varo R, Bermúdez D. Microbiome Alterations and Alzheimer's Disease: Modeling Strategies with Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1846. [PMID: 37509487 PMCID: PMC10377071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been gaining momentum in the context of many neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes, respectively. Notably, a balanced gut microbiota contributes to the epithelial intestinal barrier maintenance, modulates the host immune system, and releases neurotransmitters and/or neuroprotective short-chain fatty acids. However, dysbiosis may provoke immune dysregulation, impacting neuroinflammation through peripheral-central immune communication. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide or detrimental microbial end-products can cross the blood-brain barrier and induce or at least potentiate the neuropathological progression of AD. Thus, after repeated failure to find a cure for this dementia, a necessary paradigmatic shift towards considering AD as a systemic disorder has occurred. Here, we present an overview of the use of germ-free and/or transgenic animal models as valid tools to unravel the connection between dysbiosis, metabolic diseases, and AD, and to investigate novel therapeutical targets. Given the high impact of dietary habits, not only on the microbiota but also on other well-established AD risk factors such as diabetes or obesity, consistent changes of lifestyle along with microbiome-based therapies should be considered as complementary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio López-Villodres
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escamilla
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Silvia Mercado-Sáenz
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Alba-Tercedor
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Rodriguez-Perez
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Arranz-Salas
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Unidad de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Bermúdez
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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20
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Morrone CD, Raghuraman R, Hussaini SA, Yu WH. Proteostasis failure exacerbates neuronal circuit dysfunction and sleep impairments in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:27. [PMID: 37085942 PMCID: PMC10119020 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Failed proteostasis is a well-documented feature of Alzheimer's disease, particularly, reduced protein degradation and clearance. However, the contribution of failed proteostasis to neuronal circuit dysfunction is an emerging concept in neurodegenerative research and will prove critical in understanding cognitive decline. Our objective is to convey Alzheimer's disease progression with the growing evidence for a bidirectional relationship of sleep disruption and proteostasis failure. Proteostasis dysfunction and tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease disrupts neurons that regulate the sleep-wake cycle, which presents behavior as impaired slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep patterns. Subsequent sleep loss further impairs protein clearance. Sleep loss is a defined feature seen early in many neurodegenerative disorders and contributes to memory impairments in Alzheimer's disease. Canonical pathological hallmarks, β-amyloid, and tau, directly disrupt sleep, and neurodegeneration of locus coeruleus, hippocampal and hypothalamic neurons from tau proteinopathy causes disruption of the neuronal circuitry of sleep. Acting in a positive-feedback-loop, sleep loss and circadian rhythm disruption then increase spread of β-amyloid and tau, through impairments of proteasome, autophagy, unfolded protein response and glymphatic clearance. This phenomenon extends beyond β-amyloid and tau, with interactions of sleep impairment with the homeostasis of TDP-43, α-synuclein, FUS, and huntingtin proteins, implicating sleep loss as an important consideration in an array of neurodegenerative diseases and in cases of mixed neuropathology. Critically, the dynamics of this interaction in the neurodegenerative environment are not fully elucidated and are deserving of further discussion and research. Finally, we propose sleep-enhancing therapeutics as potential interventions for promoting healthy proteostasis, including β-amyloid and tau clearance, mechanistically linking these processes. With further clinical and preclinical research, we propose this dynamic interaction as a diagnostic and therapeutic framework, informing precise single- and combinatorial-treatments for Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Daniel Morrone
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Radha Raghuraman
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - S Abid Hussaini
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Wai Haung Yu
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Geriatric Mental Health Research Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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21
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Heylen A, Vermeiren Y, Kema IP, van Faassen M, van der Ley C, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP. Brain Kynurenine Pathway Metabolite Levels May Reflect Extent of Neuroinflammation in ALS, FTD and Early Onset AD. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040615. [PMID: 37111372 PMCID: PMC10143579 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite distinct clinical profiles, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients share a remarkable portion of pathological features, with a substantial percentage of patients displaying a mixed disease phenotype. Kynurenine metabolism seems to play a role in dementia-associated neuroinflammation and has been linked to both diseases. We aimed to explore dissimilarities in kynurenine pathway metabolites in these early onset neurodegenerative disorders in a brain-region-specific manner. METHODS Using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), kynurenine metabolite levels were determined in the brain samples of 98 healthy control subjects (n = 20) and patients with early onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) (n = 23), ALS (n = 20), FTD (n = 24) or a mixed FTD-ALS (n = 11) disease profile. RESULTS Overall, the kynurenine pathway metabolite levels were significantly lower in patients with ALS compared to FTD, EOAD and control subjects in the frontal cortex, substantia nigra, hippocampus and neostriatum. Anthranilic acid levels and kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratios were consistently lower in all investigated brain regions in ALS compared to the other diagnostic groups. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the contribution of kynurenine metabolism in neuroinflammation is lower in ALS than in FTD or EOAD and may also be traced back to differences in the age of onset between these disorders. Further research is necessary to confirm the potential of the kynurenine system as a therapeutic target in these early onset neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Heylen
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group of Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claude van der Ley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Wang XN, Zhang JC, Zhang HY, Wang XF, You CX. Ectopic expression of MmSERT, a mouse serotonin transporter gene, regulates salt tolerance and ABA sensitivity in apple and Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107627. [PMID: 36940523 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is ubiquitously present in animals and plants, playing a vital regulatory role. SERT, a conserved serotonin reuptake transporter in animals, regulates intracellular and extracellular concentrations of 5-HT. Few studies have reported 5-HT transporters in plants. Hence, we cloned MmSERT, a serotonin reuptake transporter, from Mus musculus. Ectopic expression of MmSERT into apple calli, apple roots and Arabidopsis. Because 5-HT plays a momentous role in plant stress tolerance, we used MmSERT transgenic materials for stress treatment. We found that MmSERT transgenic materials, including apple calli, apple roots and Arabidopsis, exhibited a stronger salt tolerance phenotype. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced were significantly lower in MmSERT transgenic materials compared with controls under salt stress. Meanwhile, MmSERT induced the expression of SOS1, SOS3, NHX1, LEA5 and LTP1 in response to salt stress. 5-HT is the precursor of melatonin, which regulates plant growth under adversity and effectively scavenges ROS. Detection of MmSERT transgenic apple calli and Arabidopsis revealed higher melatonin levels than controls. Besides, MmSERT decreased the sensitivity of apple calli and Arabidopsis to abscisic acid (ABA). In summary, these results demonstrated that MmSERT plays a vital role in plant stress resistances, which perhaps serves as a reference for the application of transgenic technology to improve crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jiu-Cheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hai-Yuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
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23
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Borsom EM, Conn K, Keefe CR, Herman C, Orsini GM, Hirsch AH, Palma Avila M, Testo G, Jaramillo SA, Bolyen E, Lee K, Caporaso JG, Cope EK. Predicting Neurodegenerative Disease Using Prepathology Gut Microbiota Composition: a Longitudinal Study in Mice Modeling Alzheimer's Disease Pathologies. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0345822. [PMID: 36877047 PMCID: PMC10101110 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03458-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota-brain axis is suspected to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. To evaluate the role of the gut microbiota-brain axis in AD, we characterized the gut microbiota of female 3xTg-AD mice modeling amyloidosis and tauopathy and wild-type (WT) genetic controls. Fecal samples were collected fortnightly from 4 to 52 weeks, and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq. RNA was extracted from the colon and hippocampus, converted to cDNA, and used to measure immune gene expression using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Diversity metrics were calculated using QIIME2, and a random forest classifier was applied to predict bacterial features that are important in predicting mouse genotype. Gene expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; indicating astrocytosis) was elevated in the colon at 24 weeks. Markers of Th1 inflammation (il6) and microgliosis (mrc1) were elevated in the hippocampus. Gut microbiota were compositionally distinct early in life between 3xTg-AD mice and WT mice (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA], 8 weeks, P = 0.001, 24 weeks, P = 0.039, and 52 weeks, P = 0.058). Mouse genotypes were correctly predicted 90 to 100% of the time using fecal microbiome composition. Finally, we show that the relative abundance of Bacteroides species increased over time in 3xTg-AD mice. Taken together, we demonstrate that changes in bacterial gut microbiota composition at prepathology time points are predictive of the development of AD pathologies. IMPORTANCE Recent studies have demonstrated alterations in the gut microbiota composition in mice modeling Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies; however, these studies have only included up to 4 time points. Our study is the first of its kind to characterize the gut microbiota of a transgenic AD mouse model, fortnightly, from 4 weeks of age to 52 weeks of age, to quantify the temporal dynamics in the microbial composition that correlate with the development of disease pathologies and host immune gene expression. In this study, we observed temporal changes in the relative abundances of specific microbial taxa, including the genus Bacteroides, that may play a central role in disease progression and the severity of pathologies. The ability to use features of the microbiota to discriminate between mice modeling AD and wild-type mice at prepathology time points indicates a potential role of the gut microbiota as a risk or protective factor in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Borsom
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Kathryn Conn
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher R. Keefe
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Chloe Herman
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Gabrielle M. Orsini
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Allyson H. Hirsch
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Melanie Palma Avila
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - George Testo
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Sierra A. Jaramillo
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Evan Bolyen
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Keehoon Lee
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - J. Gregory Caporaso
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Emily K. Cope
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Tian D, Shi W, Yu Y, Zhou W, Tang Y, Zhang W, Huang L, Han Y, Liu G. Enrofloxacin exposure induces anxiety-like behavioral responses in zebrafish by affecting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160094. [PMID: 36372168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of antibiotic residues in aqueous environments poses a great potential threat to aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, the behavioral effects of environmentally realistic levels of antibiotics remain poorly understood in fish species. In this study, the behavioral impacts of enrofloxacin, one of typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics that is frequently detected in aquatic environments, were evaluated by the classic light-dark test (LDT) and novel tank task (NTT) in zebrafish. Furthermore, the effects of enrofloxacin exposure on the microbiota-gut-brain axis were also assessed to reveal potential affecting mechanisms underlying the behavioral abnormality observed. Our results demonstrated that zebrafish exposed to 60 μg/L enrofloxacin for 28 days took significantly longer to enter the stressful area of the testing tank and spent significantly less time there in both the LDT and NTT, indicating abnormal anxiety-like behaviors induced by the exposure. In addition, exposure to enrofloxacin at 6 and 60 μg/L resulted in a significant elevation in Bacteroidetes and a marked decline in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the gut microbiota. Moreover, the intestinal contents of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in zebrafish were significantly upregulated, whereas those of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (COR) were markedly downregulated upon enrofloxacin exposure. Incubation of zebrafish with a high dose of enrofloxacin (60 μg/L) also resulted in evident increases in the contents of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the brain. Fortunately, no significant alteration in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was detected in the brain after enrofloxacin exposure. Our findings suggest that the disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis may account for enrofloxacin-induced anxiety-like behaviors in zebrafish. Since the disruption of microbiota-gut-brain axis may give rise to various clinical symptoms, the health risk of antibiotic exposure deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tian
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihan Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weixia Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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25
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Parolo S, Mariotti F, Bora P, Carboni L, Domenici E. Single-cell-led drug repurposing for Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:222. [PMID: 36604493 PMCID: PMC9816180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. Notwithstanding the huge investments in drug development, only one disease-modifying treatment has been recently approved. Here we present a single-cell-led systems biology pipeline for the identification of drug repurposing candidates. Using single-cell RNA sequencing data of brain tissues from patients with Alzheimer's disease, genome-wide association study results, and multiple gene annotation resources, we built a multi-cellular Alzheimer's disease molecular network that we leveraged for gaining cell-specific insights into Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and for the identification of drug repurposing candidates. Our computational approach pointed out 54 candidate drugs, mainly targeting MAPK and IGF1R signaling pathways, which could be further evaluated for their potential as Alzheimer's disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Parolo
- Fondazione the Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), 38068, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Federica Mariotti
- grid.491181.4Fondazione the Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Pranami Bora
- grid.491181.4Fondazione the Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Lucia Carboni
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Domenici
- grid.491181.4Fondazione the Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), 38068 Rovereto, Italy ,grid.11696.390000 0004 1937 0351Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Wen L, Miao X, Ding J, Tong X, Wu Y, He Y, Zheng F. Pesticides as a risk factor for cognitive impairment: Natural substances are expected to become alternative measures to prevent and improve cognitive impairment. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1113099. [PMID: 36937345 PMCID: PMC10016095 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are the most effective way to control diseases, insects, weeds, and fungi. The central nervous system (CNS) is damaged by pesticide residues in various ways. By consulting relevant databases, the systemic relationships between the possible mechanisms of pesticides damage to the CNS causing cognitive impairment and related learning and memory pathways networks, as well as the structure-activity relationships between some natural substances (such as polyphenols and vitamins) and the improvement were summarized in this article. The mechanisms of cognitive impairment caused by pesticides are closely related. For example, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation can constitute three feedback loops that interact and restrict each other. The mechanisms of neurotransmitter abnormalities and intestinal dysfunction also play an important role. The connection between pathways is complex. NMDAR, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, Keap1/Nrf2/ARE, and NF-κB pathways can be connected into a pathway network by targets such as Ras, Akt, and IKK. The reasons for the improvement of natural substances are related to their specific structure, such as polyphenols with different hydroxyl groups. This review's purpose is to lay a foundation for exploring and developing more natural substances that can effectively improve the cognitive impairment caused by pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liankui Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiwen Miao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuewen Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzhu Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yuzhu Wu, ✉
| | - Yang He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Yang He, ✉
| | - Fei Zheng
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Fei Zheng, ✉
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Sheng C, Chu X, He Y, Ding Q, Jia S, Shi Q, Sun R, Song L, Du W, Liang Y, Chen N, Yang Y, Wang X. Alterations in Peripheral Metabolites as Key Actors in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:379-393. [PMID: 37622711 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230825091147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports that Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be regarded as a metabolic disease, accompanying central and peripheral metabolic disturbance. Nowadays, exploring novel and potentially alternative hallmarks for AD is needed. Peripheral metabolites based on blood and gut may provide new biochemical insights about disease mechanisms. These metabolites can influence brain energy homeostasis, maintain gut mucosal integrity, and regulate the host immune system, which may further play a key role in modulating the cognitive function and behavior of AD. Recently, metabolomics has been used to identify key AD-related metabolic changes and define metabolic changes during AD disease trajectory. This review aims to summarize the key blood- and microbial-derived metabolites that are altered in AD and identify the potential metabolic biomarkers of AD, which will provide future targets for precision therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Xu Chu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Shulei Jia
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiguang Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Wenying Du
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Nian Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Xiaoni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China
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Gut Microbiome and Serum Metabolome Profiles of Capsaicin with Cognitive Benefits in APP/PS1 Mice. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010118. [PMID: 36615777 PMCID: PMC9823564 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, a natural bioactive component, has been reported to improve cognition and ameliorate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have linked AD to alterations in gut microbiota composition and serum metabolites. In the present study, we examined the alterations in serum metabolome and gut microbiome in APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice treated with capsaicin. Capsaicin treatments resulted in a significant increase in the abundance of Akkermansia, Faecalibaculum, Unclassified_f_Atopobiaceae, and Gordonibacter and a significant decrease in the abundance of Adlercreutzia, Peptococcaceae, Alistipes, Oscillibacter and Erysipelatoclostridium. Furthermore, the species Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) was significantly enriched in capsaicin-treated APP/PS1 mice (p = 0.0002). Serum metabolomic analysis showed that capsaicin-treated APP/PS1 mice had a significant higher level of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and a significantly lower level of lipid metabolism compared with vehicle-treated mice. Capsaicin altered serum metabolites, including Kynurenine (Kyn), 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HIT), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), indoxylsulfuric acid, lysophosphatidyl cholines (LysoPCs), and lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LysoPE). Significant correlations were observed between the gut bacteria and serum metabolite. With regard to the increased abundance of A. muciniphila and the ensuing rise in tryptophan metabolites, our data show that capsaicin alters both the gut microbiota and blood metabolites. By altering the gut microbiome and serum metabolome, a diet high in capsaicin may reduce the incidence and development of AD.
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Bou Zerdan M, Hebbo E, Hijazi A, El Gemayel M, Nasr J, Nasr D, Yaghi M, Bouferraa Y, Nagarajan A. The Gut Microbiome and Alzheimer's Disease: A Growing Relationship. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:CAR-EPUB-128458. [PMID: 36578263 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221227090125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is already un-ravelling. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that is not fully understood but includes neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways. The progression of Alzheimer's disease is supported by mechanisms related to the imbalance in the gut microbiota and the development of amyloid plaques in the brain, which are at the origin of Alzheimer's disease. Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome led to dysregulation in the pathways governing this system. This leads to neurodegeneration through neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter dysregulation. Neurodegeneration and disruption of the blood-brain barrier are frontiers at the origin of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, bacteria populating the gut microbiota can secrete large amounts of amyloid proteins and lipopolysaccharides, which modulate signaling pathways and alter the production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with the pathogenesis of Alz-heimer's disease. Importantly, through molecular mimicry, bacterial amyloids may elicit cross-seeding of misfolding and induce microglial priming at different levels of the brain-gut-microbiota axis. The potential mechanisms of amyloid spreading include neuron-to-neuron or distal neuron spreading, direct blood-brain barrier crossing, or via other cells such as astrocytes, fibroblasts, microglia, and immune system cells. Gut microbiota metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, pro-inflammatory factors, and neurotransmitters may also affect AD pathogenesis and associated cognitive decline. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the current findings that may elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may provide new insights into novel therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease, such as probiotics and targeted oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - Elsa Hebbo
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 2020, Lebanon
| | - Ali Hijazi
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 2020, Lebanon
| | - Maria El Gemayel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Janane Nasr
- Saint George Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut 1100, Lebanon
| | - Dayana Nasr
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, USA
| | - Marita Yaghi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - Youssef Bouferraa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Arun Nagarajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Longitudinal Analysis of the Microbiome and Metabolome in the 5xfAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. mBio 2022; 13:e0179422. [PMID: 36468884 PMCID: PMC9765021 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01794-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports implicate gut microbiome dysbiosis in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet studies involving model animals overwhelmingly omit the microbial perspective. Here, we evaluate longitudinal microbiomes and metabolomes from a popular transgenic mouse model for familial AD (5xfAD). Cecal and fecal samples from 5xfAD and wild-type B6J (WT) mice from 4 to 18 months of age were subjected to shotgun Illumina sequencing. Metabolomics was performed on plasma and feces from a subset of the same animals. Significant genotype, sex, age, and cage-specific differences were observed in the microbiome, with the variance explained by genotype at 4 and 18 months of age rising from 0.9 to 9% and 0.3 to 8% for the cecal and fecal samples, respectively. Bacteria at significantly higher abundances in AD mice include multiple Alistipes spp., two Ligilactobacillus spp., and Lactobacillus sp. P38, while multiple species of Turicibacter, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Romboutsia ilealis were less abundant. Turicibacter is similarly depleted in people with AD, and members of this genus both consume and induce the production of gut-derived serotonin. Contradicting previous findings in humans, serotonin is significantly more concentrated in the blood of older 5xfAD animals compared to their WT littermates. 5xfAD animals exhibited significantly lower plasma concentrations of carnosine and the lysophospholipid lysoPC a C18:1. Correlations between the microbiome and metabolome were also explored. Taken together, these findings strengthen the link between Turicibacter abundance and AD, provide a basis for further microbiome studies of murine models for AD, and suggest that greater control over animal model microbiomes is needed in AD research. IMPORTANCE Microorganisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract are implicated in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through the mediation of inflammation, exchange of small-molecules across the blood-brain barrier, and stimulation of the vagus nerve. Unfortunately, most animal models for AD are housed under conditions that do not reflect real-world human microbial exposure and do not sufficiently account for (or meaningfully consider) variations in the microbiome. An improved understanding of AD model animal microbiomes will increase model efficacy and the translatability of research findings into humans. Here, we present the characterization of the microbiome and metabolome of the 5xfAD mouse model, which is one of the most common animal models for familial AD. The manuscript highlights the importance of considering the microbiome in study design and aims to lay the groundwork for future studies involving mouse models for AD.
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Toward manipulating serotonin signaling via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102826. [PMID: 36332346 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established in humans that there is a bidirectional pathway of communication between the central and enteric nervous systems in which members of the microbiome participate. This microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is crucial for normal development and physiology, and its dysregulation has been implicated in a range of neurological and intestinal disorders. Investigations into the mechanistic underpinnings of the MGBA have identified serotonin as a molecule of particular interest. In this review, we highlight recent advances toward understanding the role of endogenous serotonin in microbial communities, how microbial communities bidirectionally interact with host serotonin, and potential future engineering opportunities to leverage these novel mechanisms for biomedical applications.
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Xu TC, Lv Y, Liu QY, Chen HS. Long-term atorvastatin improves cognitive decline by regulating gut function in naturally ageing rats. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2022; 19:52. [DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Statins have been widely used to prevent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly populations; however, the effect of long-term treatment on cognitive function is controversial. To simulate clinical conditions, middle-aged rats were given atorvastatin for 9 consecutive months to investigate the effect on natural cognitive decline and the possible mechanisms.
Results
The results showed that compared with the control group, long-term atorvastatin treatment naturally improved cognitive decline. Furthermore, long-term treatment regulated intestinal retinoic acid (RA) metabolism and storage by altering retinol dehydrogenase 7 (Rdh7) expression in the intestine, while RA metabolism affected the proliferation of intestinal Treg cells and inhibited IL-17+γδ T-cell function. In addition, long-term atorvastatin increased intestinal flora richness and decreased IL-17 expression in hippocampal tissue.
Conclusion
Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence that long-term atorvastatin intervention may prevent cognitive decline in naturally ageing rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis.
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Song Z, Cheng L, Liu Y, Zhan S, Wu Z, Zhang X. Plant-derived bioactive components regulate gut microbiota to prevent depression and depressive-related neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on neurotransmitters. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Role in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e29968. [PMID: 36381829 PMCID: PMC9637434 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's, a neurodegenerative disease that starts slowly and worsens progressively, is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Recent studies have linked the brain with the gut and its microbiota through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, opening the door for gut-modifying agents (e.g., prebiotics and probiotics) to influence our brain's cognitive function. This review aims to identify and summarize the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a gut-microbiota-modifying agent on the progressive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This systematic review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. A systematic search was done using Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, and ScienceDirect databases in June 2022. The predefined criteria upon which the studies were selected are English language, past 10 years of narrative reviews, observational studies, case reports, and animal studies involving Alzheimer's subjects as no previous meta-analysis or systematic reviews were done on this subject. Later, a quality assessment was done using the available assessment tool based on each study type. The initial search generated 4,302 studies, yielding 13 studies to be included in the final selection: 1 cohort, 2 case reports, 2 animal studies, and 8 narrative reviews. Our results showed that FMT positively affected AD subjects (whether mice or humans). In humans, the FMT effect was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), showing improvement in Alzheimer's symptoms of mood, memory, and cognition. However, randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials are essential for more conclusive results.
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Zhang Z, Yu Z, Wang J, Yu Y, Li L, Sun P, Fan X, Xu Q. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for efficient production of L-5-hydroxytryptophan from glucose. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:198. [PMID: 36153615 PMCID: PMC9509612 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the direct biosynthetic precursor of the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine, has been shown to have unique efficacy in the treatment of a variety of disorders, including depression, insomnia, and chronic headaches, and is one of the most commercially valuable amino acid derivatives. However, microbial fermentation for 5-HTP production continues to face many challenges, including low titer/yield and the presence of the intermediate L-tryptophan (L-Trp), owing to the complexity and low activity of heterologous expression in prokaryotes. Therefore, there is a need to construct an efficient microbial cell factory for 5-HTP production. Results We describe the systematic modular engineering of wild-type Escherichia coli for the efficient fermentation of 5-HTP from glucose. First, a xylose-induced T7 RNA polymerase-PT7 promoter system was constructed to ensure the efficient expression of each key heterologous pathway in E. coli. Next, a new tryptophan hydroxylase mutant was used to construct an efficient tryptophan hydroxylation module, and the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis and regeneration pathway was expressed in combination. The L-Trp synthesis module was constructed by modifying the key metabolic nodes of tryptophan biosynthesis, and the heterologous synthesis of 5-HTP was achieved. Finally, the NAD(P)H regeneration module was constructed by the moderate expression of the heterologous GDHesi pathway, which successfully reduced the surplus of the intermediate L-Trp. The final engineered strain HTP11 was able to produce 8.58 g/L 5-HTP in a 5-L bioreactor with a yield of 0.095 g/g glucose and a maximum real-time productivity of 0.48 g/L/h, the highest values reported by microbial fermentation. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrate the successful design of a cell factory for high-level 5-HTP production, combined with simple processes that have potential for use in industrial applications in the future. Thus, this study provides a reference for the production of high-value amino acid derivatives using a systematic modular engineering strategy and a basis for an efficient engineered strain development of 5-HTP high-value derivatives. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01920-3.
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Chou MY, Ho JH, Huang MJ, Chen YJ, Yang MD, Lin LH, Chi CH, Yeh CH, Tsao TY, Tzeng JK, Hsu RJC, Huang PH, Lu WC, Li PH, Wang MF. Potential antidepressant effects of a dietary supplement from the chlorella and lion's mane mushroom complex in aged SAMP8 mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:977287. [PMID: 36118772 PMCID: PMC9479623 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.977287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1990s, the prevalence of mental illnesses, such as depression, has been increasing annually and has become a major burden on society. Due to the many side effects of antidepressant drugs, the development of a complementary therapy from natural materials is an urgent need. Therefore, this study used a complex extract of chlorella and lion's mane mushroom and evaluated its antidepressant effects. Six-month-old male senescence-accelerated mice prone-8 (SAMP8) were divided into positive control; negative control; and low, medium, and high-dose groups. All groups were treated with corticosterone (CORT) at 40 mg/Kg/day for 21- days to induce depression in the animals, and the effects of different test substances on animal behavior was observed. The positive control group was intraperitoneally injected with a tricyclic antidepressant (Fluoxetine, as tricyclic antidepressant), the control group was given ddH2O, and the test substance groups were administered test samples once daily for 21 days. The open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST) were applied for behavior analyses of depression animal models. The OFT results showed that the mice in the positive control and the medium-, and high-dose groups demonstrated a significantly prolonged duration in the central area and a significantly increased travel distance. In the FST, the positive control and the medium, and high-dose groups displayed significantly reduced immobility times relative to the control group. The blood analysis results showed significant decreases in triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen levels relative to the positive control and the medium- and high-dose groups. Notably, in the positive control and the medium- and high-dose groups, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increase by more than in the control group. In summary, medium and high dose of extract of chlorella and lion's mane mushroom could improve depression behavior in animals and have the potential to be antidepressant health care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Chou
- International Aging Industry Research & Development Center (AIC), Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Jung Huang
- School of General Education, Hsiuping University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Health and Social Welfare for Indigenous Peoples, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Due Yang
- Department of Surgery, Department of Clinical Nutrition, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Hung Lin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsin Chi
- International Aging Industry Research & Development Center (AIC), Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsi Yeh
- Taiwan Chlorella Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ying Tsao
- Taiwan Chlorella Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Kai Tzeng
- Taiwan Chlorella Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ping-Hsiu Huang
- College of Food, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an City, China
| | - Wen-Chien Lu
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsien Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Po-Hsien Li
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- International Aging Industry Research & Development Center (AIC), Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ming-Fu Wang
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Sun CY, Zheng ZL, Chen CW, Lu BW, Liu D. Targeting Gut Microbiota With Natural Polysaccharides: Effective Interventions Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:859206. [PMID: 35369480 PMCID: PMC8965082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.859206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diet, in particular high-fat diet (HFD) intake, can cause the development of several metabolic disorders, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). These popular metabolic diseases reduce the quality of life, and induce premature death worldwide. Evidence is accumulating that the gut microbiota is inextricably associated with HFD-induced metabolic disorders, and dietary intervention of gut microbiota is an effective therapeutic strategy for these metabolic dysfunctions. Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate macromolecules and sources of fermentable dietary fiber that exhibit biological activities in the prevention and treatment of HFD-induced metabolic diseases. Of note, natural polysaccharides are among the most potent modulators of the gut microbiota composition. However, the prebiotics-like effects of polysaccharides in treating HFD-induced metabolic diseases remain elusive. In this review, we introduce the critical role of gut microbiota human health and HFD-induced metabolic disorders. Importantly, we review current knowledge about the role of natural polysaccharides in improving HFD-induced metabolic diseases by regulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yue Sun
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | | | - Cun-Wu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Bao-Wei Lu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
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Antioxidants in Alzheimer's Disease: Current Therapeutic Significance and Future Prospects. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020212. [PMID: 35205079 PMCID: PMC8869589 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) rate is accelerating with the increasing aging of the world's population. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated AD as a global health priority. According to the WHO report, around 82 million people in 2030 and 152 million in 2050 will develop dementia (AD contributes 60% to 70% of cases), considering the current scenario. AD is the most common neurodegenerative disease, intensifying impairments in cognition, behavior, and memory. Histopathological AD variations include extracellular senile plaques' formation, tangling of intracellular neurofibrils, and synaptic and neuronal loss in the brain. Multiple evidence directly indicates that oxidative stress participates in an early phase of AD before cytopathology. Moreover, oxidative stress is induced by almost all misfolded protein lumps like α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and others. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in activating and causing various cell signaling pathways that result in lesion formations of toxic substances, which foster the development of the disease. Antioxidants are widely preferred to combat oxidative stress, and those derived from natural sources, which are often incorporated into dietary habits, can play an important role in delaying the onset as well as reducing the progression of AD. However, this approach has not been extensively explored yet. Moreover, there has been growing evidence that a combination of antioxidants in conjugation with a nutrient-rich diet might be more effective in tackling AD pathogenesis. Thus, considering the above-stated fact, this comprehensive review aims to elaborate the basics of AD and antioxidants, including the vitality of antioxidants in AD. Moreover, this review may help researchers to develop effectively and potentially improved antioxidant therapeutic strategies for this disease as it also deals with the clinical trials in the stated field.
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